(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| Douglas S. Ellenoff, Esq. Stuart Neuhauser, Esq. Matthew Gray, Esq. Meredith Laitner, Esq. Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP 1345 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10105-0302 (212) 370-1300 |
Ryan Maierson Nick Dhesi John Slater Latham and Watkins LLP 811 Main Street Houston, Texas 77002 (713) 546-5400 |
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | |||
Non-accelerated filer |
☒ | Smaller reporting company | ||||
| Emerging growth company | ||||||
| * | Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination described in the proxy statement/prospectus forming part of this registration statement and subject to the approval of its shareholders, Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V (“Live Oak”) intends to effect a deregistration under Live Oak’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and Section 206 of the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands and a domestication under Section 388 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, pursuant to which Live Oak’s jurisdiction of incorporation will be changed from the Cayman Islands to the State of Delaware (the “Domestication”). After the Domestication, all securities being registered will be issued by the continuing entity following the Domestication, which will be renamed “Teamshares Inc.” and existing shareholders of Live Oak will hold shares in Teamshares Inc. rather than in a Cayman Islands company. |
TABLE OF CO-REGISTRANT
| Exact Name of Co-registrant |
State or Other Jurisdiction of |
Primary Standard Industrial |
I.R.S. Employer | |||
| Teamshares Inc. | Delaware | 6719 | 36-4829165 |
| (1) | The Co-registrant has the following principal executive offices: |
Teamshares Inc.
214 Sullivan Street, 6B
New York, NY 10012
| (2) | The agent for service for the Co-registrant is: |
Corporation Service Company
251 Little Falls Drive
Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware 19808-1674
• |
All of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Teamshares as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time shall automatically be cancelled and cease to exist, in exchange for the rights of (A) each eligible Teamshares Stockholder to receive its pro rata share of the Stockholder Merger Consideration (after giving effect to Liquidation Preference Elections by applicable holders of Teamshares preferred stock and, thereafter, giving effect to the Company Preferred Stock Exchange or otherwise treating shares of Company Preferred Stock on an as-converted to Company Common Stock basis, but excluding treasury stock owned by Teamshares or a direct or indirect subsidiary) and (B) each Earnout Participant to receive certain Earnout Shares, if any are issued in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement; and |
• |
All outstanding Company In-the-Money Vested Options and In-the-Money Unvested Options (options with exercise prices less than the Per Share Price determined as of the Closing, as further described below) that are outstanding and unexercised as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time to |
purchase shares of Teamshares common stock as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time shall be assumed by the Combined Company and replaced with Assumed Options under the 2020 Plan, subject to equitable adjustments to the exercise prices and number of shares for which such Assumed Options are exercisable, all upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement and in accordance with applicable law; and |
• |
All Teamshares warrants, convertible debt, “out-of the-money” options and other convertible securities outstanding and not exercised or converted prior to the First Effective Time will be terminated and will not receive any consideration. |
• |
Under the Merger Agreement, a Teamshares option (a “Company Option”) will be considered “in-the-money” per-share exercise price is less than the “Per Share Price.” The Per Share Price is calculated as follows: |
• |
The aggregate amount of the Merger Consideration deliverable to Teamshares security holders at the Closing (in the form of newly-issued Combined Company shares and Assumed Vested Options) under the terms of the Merger Agreement is equal to the sum of (i) $525.0 million plus (ii) the aggregate amount of Interim Period Financing Transactions, if any, that convert into Teamshares common stock prior to the First Effective Time. “Fully-Diluted Company Shares” represents, as of immediately prior to the Closing, the total number of issued and outstanding shares of Company Common Stock as of immediately prior to the Closing, (a) after giving effect to Liquidation Preference Elections by Liquidation Preference Electing Holders and, thereafter, giving effect to the Company Preferred Stock Exchange or otherwise treating shares of Company Preferred Stock on an as converted to Company Common Stock basis; (b) issuable upon the settlement of Company In-the-Money Vested Options as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time using the treasury method of accounting; and (c) treating all outstanding Company Convertible Securities (other than Company Options) as fully vested and as if the Company Convertible Security had been exercised, exchanged or converted as of the First Effective Time, determined using the treasury method of accounting (but excluding any Teamshares shares held as treasury stock). |
• |
The shares of Combined Company Common Stock representing the Stockholder Merger Consideration will be determined by deducting the Assumed Vested Options from the total Merger Consideration. |
• |
As of March 1, 2026, there were 1,415,057 Teamshares Options outstanding, all of which are expected to be in-the-money at the Closing (based on the estimated Per Share Price calculated using the assumptions described above). This reflects an increase from the 1,359,850 Teamshares Options that were outstanding as of December 31, 2025, as a result of additional options granted by the Company following year-end. The actual number of Assumed Options will be determined at the Closing. |
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“Questions and Answers About the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting — What equity stake will current Public Shareholders, the Sponsor, Teamshares Stockholders and PIPE Investors hold in the Combined Company immediately after the Closing?” |
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“Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination and Live Oak — The Sponsor paid nominal consideration for the Sponsor Shares it holds. As a result, the Sponsor may make a substantial profit if the Business Combination is consummated, even if the shares held by the Sponsor lose substantial value and even if the Business Combination arguably may not be in the best interests of Live Oak’s public shareholders.” |
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“The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of Live Oak’s Sponsor, Directors, Officers and Advisors in the Business Combination.” |
• |
that if the Business Combination or another Live Oak initial business combination is not consummated by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), Live Oak will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up. In such event, the 5,750,000 Class B Ordinary Shares, also referred to as the Sponsor Shares (which will be converted into Class B Common Stock pursuant to the Domestication and will subsequently be converted into Combined Company Common Stock in connection with the Closing in accordance with the Interim Charter) held by the Sponsor (or any permitted distributees thereof, as applicable) will be worthless because the holders thereof entered into an agreement waiving entitlement to participate in any redemption or liquidating distributions with respect to such shares. Neither the Sponsor nor any other person received any compensation in exchange for this agreement to waive redemption and liquidation rights. Pursuant to terms of the Insider Letter, the Sponsor Shares (including the corresponding Combined Company securities, after the Closing) are subject to a lock-up whereby, subject to certain limited exceptions, the Sponsor Shares are not transferable until the earlier of (A) one year after the completion of Live Oak’s initial business combination or (B) subsequent to Live Oak’s initial business combination, the date on which the Combined Company consummates a transaction which results in all of its shareholders having the right to exchange their shares for cash, securities or other properties; provided, however, that if the Insider Letter Amendment Proposal is approved by Live Oak shareholders when presented at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, the foregoing lock-up terms will be amended as set forth in such proposal, upon the effectiveness of the Insider Letter Amendments at the Closing. (The Sponsor may, on or before the Closing of the Business Combination, distribute some or all of the Live Oak Securities held by it and any such distributed Sponsor Shares may be released from lock-up restrictions in connection with applicable stock exchange listing requirements.) In this regard, while the Sponsor Shares are not the same as the Class A Ordinary Shares, are subject to certain restrictions that are not applicable to the Class A Ordinary Shares, and may become worthless if Live Oak does not complete a business combination by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), the aggregate value of the 5,750,000 Sponsor Shares owned by the Sponsor is estimated to be approximately $59.3 million, assuming the per share value of the Sponsor Shares is the same as the $10.32 closing price of the Class A Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq on February 11, 2026; |
• |
a member of the Sponsor with a 1.9% indirect interest in Live Oak’s founder shares has subscribed to purchase Live Oak shares pursuant to an Initial PIPE Investment Subscription Agreement for a purchase price of $9.20 per share, which is a lesser amount than the $10.00 at which Live Oak Units were purchased by Live Oak public shareholders in the Live Oak IPO (such member’s investment in the Initial PIPE Investment equaling less than 0.5% of the overall Initial PIPE Investment); |
• |
that if the Business Combination or another Live Oak initial business combination is not consummated by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), Live Oak will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up. In such event, the 4,500,000 Private Warrants held by the Sponsor (or any permitted distributees thereof, as applicable) will expire worthless. The Sponsor purchased the Private Warrants at an aggregate purchase price of $4,500,000, or $1.00 per warrant, with each whole Private Warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share for $11.50 per share, in the Private Placement consummated simultaneously with the IPO. Pursuant to the terms of the Insider Letter, the Private Warrants and all of their underlying securities, are also subject to lock-up restrictions whereby, subject to certain limited exceptions, the Private Warrants will not be sold or transferred until 30 days after Live Oak has completed a business combination (though the Sponsor is not prohibited from distributing Private Warrants out of the Sponsor in accordance with the Sponsor governing documents on or before the Closing of the Business Combination, which the Sponsor may determine to do, in its sole discretion). In this regard, while the Private Warrants are not the same as the Public Warrants, the aggregate value of the 4,500,000 Private Warrants held by the Sponsor is estimated to be approximately $7.6 million, assuming the per warrant value of the Private Warrant is the same as the $1.70 closing price of the Public Warrants on the Nasdaq on February 11, 2026; |
• |
that if the proposed Business Combination is consummated, immediately after the Closing the Sponsor (or, to the extent applicable, distributees of Sponsor Shares in the aggregate, if the Sponsor, in its discretion, determines to make such a distribution in accordance with the terms of the Sponsor governing documents) is anticipated to hold [ ]% of the outstanding shares of Combined Company Common Stock, based on the assumptions set forth in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “ Share Calculations and Ownership Percentages Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information Beneficial Ownership of Securities |
• |
that, based on the difference in the effective purchase price of $0.004 per share paid for the Class B Ordinary Shares, and $1.00 per warrant paid for the Private Warrants, as compared to the purchase price of $10.00 per Unit sold in the IPO, the Sponsor and its members may earn a positive rate of return even if the share price of Combined Company Common Stock after the Closing falls below the price initially paid for the Units in the IPO and the unredeeming unaffiliated Public Shareholders experience a negative rate of return following the Closing of the Business Combination; |
• |
that if, prior to the Closing, the Sponsor provides working capital loans to Live Oak, up to $1,500,000 of such working capital loans may be convertible into newly-issued Live Oak warrants with terms equivalent to existing Private Warrants at the option of the Sponsor, such loans may not be repaid if no business combination is consummated and Live Oak is forced to liquidate; provided, however, that, as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, there are no such working capital loans outstanding; |
• |
that unless Live Oak consummates an initial business combination, it is possible that Live Oak’s officers, directors and the Sponsor may not receive reimbursement for out-of-pocket out-of-pocket |
• |
that if the Trust Account is liquidated, including in the event Live Oak is unable to complete an initial business combination by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), the Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to Live Oak, if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to Live Oak or a prospective target business with which Live Oak has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or similar agreement or business combination agreement (except for Live Oak’s independent registered public accounting firm), reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below the lesser of (i) $[ ] [ ] per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $[ ] [ ] per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, net of taxes payable, provided, however, that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business that executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable), nor will it apply to any claims under Live Oak’s indemnity of the underwriters of the IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act; |
• |
that the Sponsor and Live Oak’s officers and directors may benefit from the completion of a business combination and may be incentivized to complete an acquisition of a less favorable target company or on terms less favorable to shareholders rather than liquidate; |
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that, under the terms of the Administrative Services Agreement, Live Oak Merchant Partners, an affiliate of the Sponsor, is entitled to $17,500 per month for office space, secretarial and administrative support services until the earlier of the completion of Live Oak’s initial business combination or its liquidation; |
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that Live Oak’s directors and officers will be eligible for continued indemnification and continued coverage under directors’ and officers’ liability insurance after the Business Combination and pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement; and |
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that the Sponsor has invested an aggregate of $4,525,000 (consisting of $25,000 for the Sponsor Shares and $4,500,000 for the Private Warrants), which means that the Sponsor, following the Merger, if consummated, may experience a positive rate of return on such investments, even if other Live Oak shareholders experience a negative rate of return on their investment. |
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“Questions and Answers About the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting — What equity stake will current Public Shareholders, the Sponsor, Teamshares Stockholders and PIPE Investors and hold in the Combined Company immediately after the Closing?” |
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“Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination and Live Oak — The Sponsor paid nominal consideration for the Sponsor Shares it holds. As a result, the Sponsor may make a substantial profit if the Business Combination is consummated, even if the shares held by the Sponsor lose substantial value and even if the Business Combination arguably may not be in the best interests of Live Oak’s public shareholders.” |
• |
“The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of Live Oak’s Sponsor, Directors, Officers and Advisors in the Business Combination” |
Interest in Securities |
Other Consideration | |
| At Closing, the Sponsor will hold a total of Oak Class B Ordinary Shares purchased by the Sponsor prior to Live Oak’s IPO for an aggregate price of $ |
Live Oak Merchant Partners, an affiliate of the Sponsor, receives $ 202 . As of [ ], 2025 6 , approximately $[ ] has been paid under the Administrative Services Agreement, with any accrued and unpaid amounts to be paid at consummation of an initial business combination. | |
| At Closing, the Sponsor will hold a total of |
Reimbursement for any unpaid out-of-pocket | |
| If any such loans are issued by the Sponsor and remain unpaid prior to Closing, up to $ |
||
Interest in Securities |
Other Consideration | |
warrants with terms equivalent to existing Private Warrants, would, if not so converted, be repaid (or converted) at the Closing; provided, however, that, as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, there are no such working capital loans outstanding. |
Very truly yours, |
| |
Richard J. Hendrix |
Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V
4921 William Arnold Road
Memphis, TN 38117
NOTICE OF EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
To Be Held On [ ], 2026 [ ] a.m. Eastern Time
[ ], 2026
TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF LIVE OAK ACQUISITION CORP. V:
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders (the “Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting”) of Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V, a Cayman Islands exempted company (“Live Oak”), will be held virtually at [ ] a.m. Eastern Time on [ ], 2026. The Live Oak board of directors (the “Live Oak Board”) has determined to convene and conduct the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting in a virtual meeting format at www.cstproxy.com/[__]. For the purposes of Live Oak’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (the “Current Charter”), the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting may also be attended in person at [__]. The accompanying proxy statement/prospectus includes instructions on how to access the virtual Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting and how to listen, participate and vote from home or any remote location with internet connectivity. You or your proxy holder will be able to attend and vote at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting by visiting www.cstproxy.com/[ ]. and using a control number assigned by Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company. The Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting will be held for the purpose of considering and voting on the proposals (the “Proposals”) described below and in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus. To register and receive access to the virtual meeting, registered shareholders and beneficial shareholders (those holding shares through a stock brokerage account or by a bank or other holder of record) of Live Oak will need to follow the instructions applicable to them provided in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus. At the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, Live Oak shareholders will be asked to:
| (i) | The Business Combination Proposal (Proposal 1) — to consider and vote on a proposal to approve, by ordinary resolution, the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 14, 2025 (as amended by that certain First Amendment to the Merger Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2026 (the “MA Agreement”), and as may be amended or supplemented from time to time, the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Live Oak, Teamshares Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Teamshares”), Catalyst Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Live Oak (“Merger Sub”), Catalyst Sub 2 LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Live Oak (“Merger Sub II”), Live Oak Sponsor V LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sponsor”), solely in the capacity from and after the closing of the transactions (the “Closing”) contemplated by the Merger Agreement (collectively, the “Business Combination”) as representative of the shareholders of Live Oak (other than the former securityholders of Teamshares and their respective successors and assigns) in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement (the “SPAC Representative”), and Brian Gaebe, solely in the capacity from and after the Closing as the representative of the Earnout Participants (as defined below) and their respective successors and assignees in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement (the “Seller Representative”). |
The Business Combination Proposal is described in more detail in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus under the heading “The Business Combination Proposal (Proposal 1).” A copy of the Merger Agreement is attached to the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A.
| (ii) | The Domestication Proposal (Proposal 2) — to consider and vote upon a proposal by special resolution of the Live Oak Class B Shareholders to (a) change the domicile of Live Oak pursuant to a transfer by way of continuation of an exempted company out of the Cayman Islands and a domestication into the State of Delaware as a corporation (the “Domestication”); (b) adopt upon the Domestication taking effect, the certificate of incorporation (the “Interim Charter”) in the form appended to the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus as Annex B, in place of Live Oak’s Current Charter and which will remove or amend those provisions of Live Oak’s Current Charter that terminate or otherwise cease to be applicable as a result of the Domestication; and (c) file a Certificate of Corporate Domestication and the Interim Charter with the |
| Secretary of State of Delaware, under which Live Oak will be transferred by way of continuation out of the Cayman Islands and domesticated as a corporation in the State of Delaware. Only the holders of the Class B Ordinary Shares will carry the right to vote to continue Live Oak in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands (including, but not limited to, the approval of the organizational documents of Live Oak in such other jurisdiction). The Domestication Proposal is described in more detail in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus under the heading “The Domestication Proposal (Proposal 2).” |
| (iii) | The Charter Proposal (Proposal 3) — to consider and vote on a proposal to approve, by ordinary resolution, the change of name of “Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V” to “Teamshares Inc.” and an amended and restated certificate of formation of the Combined Company (the “Proposed Charter”) in the form attached to the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus as Annex C, which will be effective as of the Closing, concurrent with which the amended and restated bylaws of the Combined Company (the “Proposed Bylaws”) in the form attached to the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus as Annex D, will also be adopted. The Charter Proposal is described in more detail in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus under the heading “The Charter Proposal (Proposal 3).” |
| (iv-ix) | The Organizational Documents Proposals (Proposals 4 – 9) — to consider and vote on [six (6)] separate non-binding advisory proposals to approve, by ordinary resolution, material differences between the Current Charter in effect prior to the Domestication and the terms and provisions to be set forth in the Proposed Charter and Proposed Bylaws of the Combined Company upon completion of the Business Combination in accordance with the requirements of the SEC, specifically: |
| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 4 — Under the Proposed Organizational Documents, the Combined Company would be authorized to issue (A) [ ] shares of Combined Company Common Stock and (B) [ ] shares of Combined Company Preferred Stock. |
| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 5 — The Proposed Organizational Documents would adopt (a) Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation and (b) the federal district courts of the United States of America as the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). |
| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 6 — The Proposed Charter would require the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the total voting power of all then-outstanding shares of the Combined Company to amend, alter, repeal or rescind certain provisions of the Proposed Charter. |
| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 7 — The Proposed Charter would require the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at an election of directors, voting together as a single class, to remove a director only for cause. |
| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 8 — The Proposed Charter would prohibit stockholder action by written consent in lieu of a meeting and require stockholders to take action at an annual or special meeting. |
| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 9 — The Proposed Charter would (1) change the corporate name from “Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V” to “Teamshares Inc.”, (2) make the Combined Company’s corporate existence perpetual and (3) remove certain provisions related to Live Oak’s status as a blank check company that will no longer be applicable upon consummation of the Business Combination. |
The Organizational Documents Proposals are described in more detail in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus under the heading “The Organizational Documents Proposals (Proposals 4 – 9).”
| (x) | The Incentive Plan Proposal (Proposal 10) — to consider and vote on a proposal to approve, by ordinary resolution, the 2026 Incentive Award Plan (the “Incentive Plan”) in the form attached to the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus as Annex E, which, if approved by Live Oak shareholders and adopted by the Combined Company, will be available to the Combined Company on a go-forward basis from the Closing. The Incentive Plan Proposal is described in more detail in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus under the heading “The Incentive Plan Proposal (Proposal 10).” |
| (xi) | The Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal (Proposal 11) — to consider and vote on a proposal to approve, by ordinary resolution, the 2026 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) in the form attached |
| to the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus as Annex F, which, if approved by Live Oak shareholders and adopted by the Combined Company, will be available to the Combined Company on a go-forward basis from the Closing. The Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal is described in more detail in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus under the heading “The Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal (Proposal 11).” |
| (xii) | The Nasdaq Proposal (Proposal 12) — to consider and vote on a proposal to approve, by ordinary resolution, for the purposes of complying with the applicable provisions of Nasdaq Rule 5635 of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (the “Nasdaq”), the issuance of Combined Company Common Stock in connection with the Business Combination and the additional shares of Combined Company Common Stock that will, upon Closing, be reserved for issuance pursuant to the Incentive Plan, to the extent such issuances would require shareholder approval under the Nasdaq Rule 5635. The Nasdaq Proposal is described in more detail in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus under the heading “The Nasdaq Proposal (Proposal 12).” |
| (xiii) | The Director Election Proposal (Proposal 13) — to consider and vote on a proposal, by ordinary resolution, to approve the election of five (5) directors, effective upon the Closing, to serve on the Combined Company Board until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified, or until such directors’ earlier death, resignation or removal. The Director Election Proposal is described in more detail in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus under the heading “The Director Election Proposal (Proposal 13).” |
| (xiv) | The Insider Letter Amendments Proposal (Proposal 14) — to consider and vote on a proposal to approve, by ordinary resolution, amendments (the “Insider Letter Amendments”) to the letter agreement, dated as of February 27, 2025, between Live Oak, the Sponsor and the other parties thereto (the “Insider Letter”), reflected in the First Insider Letter Amendment and Second Insider Letter Amendment, each attached to the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus as Annex H and Annex I, respectively, to (a) as described in the First Insider Letter Amendment, revise the lock-up period applicable to Live Oak Class B ordinary shares held by the Sponsor (the “Sponsor Shares” or the “Founder Shares”) set forth in the Insider Letter (the “Sponsor Lock-Up”) to end on the six (6) month anniversary of the Closing Date and (b) as described in the Second Insider Letter Amendment, release from the Sponsor Lock-Up such number of Incentive Founder Shares (up to 1,150,000 Incentive Founder Shares) as are actually utilized to secure commitments for Financing Transactions consummated prior to the Closing. The Insider Letter Amendments Proposal is described in more detail in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus under the heading “The Insider Letter Amendments Proposal (Proposal 14).” |
| (xv) | The Adjournment Proposal (Proposal 15) — to consider and vote on a proposal to approve, by ordinary resolution, the adjournment of the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary or desirable, at the determination of the chairman of the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. The Adjournment Proposal is described in more detail in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus under the heading “The Adjournment Proposal (Proposal 15).” |
The proposals being submitted for a vote at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting are more fully described in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus, which also includes, as Annex A, a copy of the Merger Agreement. Live Oak urges you to read carefully the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus in its entirety, including the annexes and accompanying financial statements.
After careful consideration, the Live Oak Board has unanimously approved the Merger Agreement and the transactions comprising the Business Combination and determined that each of the proposals to be presented at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting is fair, advisable and in the best interests of Live Oak and its shareholders and recommends that you vote or give instruction to vote “FOR” each of the above proposals.
The existence of financial and personal interests of Live Oak’s directors and officers may result in conflicts of interest, including a conflict between what may be in the best interests of Live Oak and what may be best for a director’s personal interests when determining to recommend that shareholders vote for
the proposals. Teamshares Stockholders, officers and directors also have interests in the Business Combination that are different than those of Live Oak’s shareholders. As a result, there may be actual or potential material conflicts of interest between, on the one hand, Live Oak’s sponsor, its affiliates, Live Oak directors and officers, or Teamshares directors and officers, and on the other hand, unaffiliated security holders of Live Oak. See the sections entitled “Proposal 1: The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of Live Oak’s Sponsor, Directors, Officers and Advisors in the Business Combination”, “Beneficial Ownership of Securities” and “Questions and Answers About the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting — What interests do Teamshares directors and officers have in the Business Combination?” in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus for a further discussion.
The Record Date for the Extraordinary General Meeting is [ ], 2026 (the “Record Date”). Only holders of record of the Class A Ordinary Shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of Live Oak (the “Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares”), and the Class B Ordinary Shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of Live Oak (the “Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares” and together with the Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares, the “Live Oak Ordinary Shares”) at the close of business on the Record Date are entitled to notice of the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting and to vote at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting and any adjournments or postponements of the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting.
Pursuant to the Current Charter, in connection with the Business Combination, holders (“Public Shareholders”) of Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the units (the “Live Oak Units”) issued in Live Oak’s initial public offering (the “IPO”) may elect to have Live Oak redeem, in connection with any vote on a proposed Business Combination, the Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares then held by them for cash equal to a pro rata portion of the aggregate amount on deposit in the trust account (the “Trust Account”) established at the time of the IPO as of two (2) business days prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (net of taxes payable) (in accordance with Live Oak’s Current Charter and IPO prospectus), divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares, subject to the limitations described herein. As of [__], 2026, based on funds in the Trust Account of approximately $[__] million as of such date, the pro rata portion of the funds available in the Trust Account for the redemption of Public Shares was approximately $[__] per share. Public Shareholders are not required to attend or vote at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting in order to elect to have Live Oak redeem their Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares for cash. This means that Public Shareholders who hold Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares on or before [ ], 2026 (two (2) business days before the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting) will be eligible to elect to have their Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares redeemed for cash in connection with the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, whether or not they are holders as of the Record Date, and whether or not such shares are voted at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. A Public Shareholder, together with any of such shareholder’s affiliates or any other person with whom such Public Shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from electing to have shares redeemed without Live Oak’s prior consent if, in the aggregate such shareholder’s shares or, if part of such a group, the group’s shares, for which redemption is sought exceeds 15% or more of the Live Oak Ordinary Shares included in the Live Oak Units (including overallotment securities sold to Live Oak’s underwriters in connection with the IPO). Holders of Live Oak’s outstanding Public Warrants and Live Oak Units do not have redemption rights with respect to such securities in connection with the Business Combination. Holders of outstanding Live Oak Units must separate the underlying Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares and Live Oak Public Warrants prior to exercising redemption rights with respect to Public Shares.
In order to exercise redemption rights, holders of Public Shares must:
| • | prior to 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on [ ], 2026 (two (2) business days before the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting), tender your shares physically or electronically using The Depository Trust Company’s DWAC system and submit a request in writing that your Public Shares be redeemed for cash to Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, Live Oak’s transfer agent, at the following address: |
Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company One State Street Plaza, 30th Floor
New York, New York 10004 Attention: SPAC Redemption Team
E-mail: spacredemptions@continentalstock.com
| • | In your request to Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company for redemption, you must also affirmatively certify if you “ARE” or “ARE NOT” acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined in Section 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) with any other shareholder with respect to Live Oak Ordinary Shares; and |
| • | deliver your Public Shares either physically or electronically through DTC to Live Oak’s transfer agent at least two (2) business days before the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. Public Shareholders seeking to exercise redemption rights and opting to deliver physical certificates should allot sufficient time to obtain physical certificates from the transfer agent and time to effect delivery. It is Live Oak’s understanding that shareholders should generally allot at least two weeks to obtain physical certificates from the transfer agent. However, Live Oak does not have any control over this process, and it may take longer than two weeks. Shareholders who hold their Public Shares in “street name” will have to coordinate with their bank, broker or other nominee to have the shares certificated or delivered electronically. If you do not submit a written request and deliver your Public Shares as described above, your shares will not be redeemed. |
Any demand for redemption, once made, may be withdrawn at any time until the deadline for exercising redemption requests (and submitting shares to the transfer agent) and thereafter, with Live Oak’s consent, until the consummation of to the Business Combination, or such other date and time as may be determined by the Live Oak Board in its sole discretion. If you delivered your shares for redemption to Live Oak’s transfer agent and decide within the required timeframe not to exercise your redemption rights, you may request that Live Oak’s transfer agent return the shares (physically or electronically). You may make such a request by contacting Live Oak’s transfer agent at the phone number or address listed above. See the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus for a detailed description of the procedures to be followed if you wish to redeem your Public Shares for cash.
The Sponsor has agreed to waive its redemption rights with respect to any Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares it may hold in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, and such shares will be excluded from the pro rata calculation used to determine the per share redemption price for Public Shares in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination. Currently, the Sponsor beneficially owns 20% of the issued and outstanding Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares, giving effect to the conversion from Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares to Class A Ordinary Shares as contemplated by the Current Charter at a one-to-one ratio (as, prior to the Closing, the Sponsor is expected to waive its anti-dilution rights that would otherwise allow the Sponsor to maintain ownership of 20% of the Combined Company). The Sponsor has agreed to vote any Live Oak Ordinary Shares owned by it on the Record Date in favor of the Business Combination and the other Proposals.
Your vote is very important, regardless of the number of Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares that you own. The approval of each of the Business Combination Proposal, the Charter Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Incentive Plan Proposal, the Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal, the Nasdaq Proposal, the Director Election Proposal, the Insider Letter Amendments Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under the Current Charter and Cayman Islands law, being a resolution passed by a simple majority of the votes which are cast by those holders of Live Oak Ordinary Shares who, being entitled to do so, vote in person or by proxy at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. The approval of the Domestication Proposal requires a special resolution of the Live Oak Class B Shareholders under the Current Charter and Cayman Islands law, being a resolution passed by at least two-thirds (2/3) of the votes which are cast by the Live Oak Class B Shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or by proxy at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting.
If the Business Combination Proposal is not approved, the Charter Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Incentive Plan Proposal, the Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal, the Nasdaq Proposal, the Director Election Proposal and the Insider Letter Amendments Proposal will not be presented to the Live Oak shareholders for a vote. The approval of the Business Combination Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, the Charter Proposal, the Nasdaq Proposal and the Director Election Proposal are preconditions to the consummation of the Business Combination.
The Live Oak Board has adopted and approved the Merger Agreement and recommends that Live Oak shareholders vote “FOR” all of the Proposals presented to Live Oak shareholders at the Live Oak Extraordinary
General Meeting. In arriving at its recommendations, the Live Oak Board carefully considered a number of factors described in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus. When you consider the recommendation of the Live Oak Board, you should keep in mind that directors and officers of Live Oak have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with your interests as a shareholder. For instance, rather than liquidating Live Oak, the Sponsor will benefit from the Business Combination and may be incentivized to complete the Business Combination, even if the transaction is unfavorable to Live Oak shareholders. See the section of the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of Live Oak’s Sponsor, Directors, Officers and Advisors in the Business Combination” for a further discussion of these considerations.
All Live Oak shareholders are cordially invited to virtually attend the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting and we are providing the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus and proxy card in connection with the solicitation of proxies to be voted at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting (or any adjournment or postponement thereof). To ensure your representation at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, however, you are urged to complete, sign, date and return the enclosed proxy card as soon as possible. If your shares are held in an account at a brokerage firm, bank or other nominee, you must instruct your broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote your shares or, if you wish to virtually attend the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting and vote, obtain a proxy from your broker, bank or other nominee.
Your vote is important regardless of the number of shares you own. Whether you plan to attend the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting or not, please sign, date and return the enclosed proxy card as soon as possible in the envelope provided. If your shares are held in “street name” or are in a margin or similar account, you should contact your broker to ensure that votes related to the shares you beneficially own are properly counted.
Your attention is directed to the proxy statement/prospectus accompanying this notice (including the annexes thereto) for a more complete description of the proposed Business Combination and related transactions and each of the proposals. We encourage you to read this proxy statement/prospectus carefully. If you have any questions or need assistance voting your shares, please contact [ ], our proxy solicitor, using the contact information provided in the enclosed proxy statement/prospectus.
| Very truly yours, |
|
|
| Richard J. Hendrix |
| Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board |
IF YOU RETURN YOUR PROXY CARD WITHOUT AN INDICATION OF HOW YOU WISH TO VOTE, YOUR SHARES WILL BE VOTED “FOR” EACH OF THE PROPOSALS.
TO EXERCISE YOUR REDEMPTION RIGHTS, YOU MUST (1) IF YOU HOLD LIVE OAK CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES THROUGH UNITS, ELECT TO SEPARATE YOUR UNITS INTO THE UNDERLYING LIVE OAK CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES AND PUBLIC WARRANTS PRIOR TO EXERCISING YOUR REDEMPTION RIGHTS WITH RESPECT TO THE PUBLIC SHARES, (2) SUBMIT A WRITTEN REQUEST, INCLUDING THE LEGAL NAME, PHONE NUMBER AND ADDRESS OF THE BENEFICIAL OWNER OF THE SHARES FOR WHICH REDEMPTION IS REQUESTED, TO THE TRANSFER AGENT AT LEAST TWO BUSINESS DAYS PRIOR TO THE VOTE AT THE LIVE OAK EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING, THAT YOUR PUBLIC SHARES BE REDEEMED FOR CASH AND (3) DELIVER YOUR SHARE CERTIFICATES (IF ANY) AND OTHER REDEMPTION FORMS TO THE TRANSFER AGENT, PHYSICALLY OR ELECTRONICALLY USING THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY’S DWAC (DEPOSIT/WITHDRAWAL AT CUSTODIAN) SYSTEM, IN EACH CASE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURES AND DEADLINES DESCRIBED IN THE PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS. IF THE BUSINESS COMBINATION IS NOT CONSUMMATED, THEN THE PUBLIC SHARES WILL
NOT BE REDEEMED FOR CASH. IF YOU HOLD THE SHARES IN STREET NAME, YOU WILL NEED TO INSTRUCT THE ACCOUNT EXECUTIVE AT YOUR BANK, BROKER OR OTHER NOMINEE TO WITHDRAW THE SHARES FROM YOUR ACCOUNT IN ORDER TO EXERCISE YOUR REDEMPTION RIGHTS. SEE “THE LIVE OAK EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING — REDEMPTION RIGHTS” IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS FOR MORE SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS.
ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT
This document, which forms part of the registration statement on Form S-4 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), constitutes a prospectus of the Combined Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), with respect to securities to be issued by the Combined Company in connection with the proposed Business Combination. This document also constitutes a notice of a meeting and a proxy statement of Live Oak under Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act with respect to the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting at which Live Oak shareholders will be asked to consider and vote on a proposal to approve the Business Combination by approving and adopting the Merger Agreement, among other matters.
This proxy statement/prospectus is dated as of the date set forth on the cover hereof. You should not assume that the information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus is accurate as of any date other than that date on the cover hereof, or the date referenced herein, as applicable. Neither the mailing of this proxy statement/prospectus to Live Oak shareholders nor the issuance by the Combined Company of its securities in connection with the Business Combination will create any implication to the contrary.
Information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus regarding Live Oak and its business, operations, management and other matters has been provided by Live Oak and its representatives and information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus regarding Teamshares and its business, operations, management and other matters has been provided by Teamshares and its representatives.
This proxy statement/prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities, or the solicitation of a proxy or consent, in any jurisdiction to or from any person to whom it is unlawful to make any such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction.
If you would like additional copies of this proxy statement/prospectus or if you have questions about the Business Combination or the proposals to be presented at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, please contact Live Oak’s proxy solicitor listed below. You will not be charged for any of the documents that you request.
In order for you to receive the timely delivery of the documents in advance of the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting to be held on [ ], 2026, you must request the information by [ ], 2026.
You may also obtain additional information about Live Oak from documents filed with the SEC by following the instructions in the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” beginning on page 328 of the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus.
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| F-1 | ||||
ANNEX A — MERGER AGREEMENT |
A-1 | |||
ANNEX B — INTERIM CHARTER |
B-1 | |||
ANNEX C — PROPOSED CHARTER |
C-1 | |||
ANNEX D — PROPOSED BYLAWS |
D-1 | |||
ANNEX E — 2026 INCENTIVE AWARD PLAN |
E-1 | |||
ANNEX F — 2026 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN |
F-1 | |||
ANNEX G — FIRST AMENDMENT TO THE MERGER AGREEMENT |
G-1 | |||
ANNEX H — FIRST INSIDER LETTER AMENDMENTS |
H-1 | |||
ANNEX I — SECOND INSIDER LETTER AMENDMENT |
I-1 |
| 1. | That no Public Shareholders exercise their redemption rights prior to (in the event that, in connection with a meeting of Live Oak shareholders convened prior to the Closing Date, if any, Public Shareholders are provided an opportunity to redeem Public Shares in accordance with the terms of the Current Charter) or in connection with the Closing of the Business Combination. Please see the section entitled “ The Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting — Redemption Rights |
| 2. | That there are no securities issued by Live Oak prior to or at the Closing of the Business Combination except (i) as Merger Consideration deliverable to Teamshares Stockholders and Company Vested In-The-Money |
| 3. | That, in accordance with the terms and conditions of set forth in the Sponsor Letter Agreement, (i) at the Closing, 1,150,000 Deferred Founder Shares are subjected to Founder Share Post-Closing Conditions during the Founder Share Measurement Period and (ii) prior to the Closing, no Incentive Founder Shares other than the SAFE Investor Founder Shares are utilized to incentivize investors to participate in Financing Transactions, such that, at the Closing, 50% of the unutilized Incentive Founder Shares are forfeited and the remaining 50% of the unutilized Incentive Founder Shares are subjected to the Founder Share Post-Closing Conditions during the Founder Share Measurement Period. |
| 4. | That no Interim Period Financing Transactions resulting in additional issuance of Company shares prior to the First Effective Time are consummated prior to the Closing, such that the aggregate Merger Consideration deliverable at the Closing to former security holders of Teamshares includes shares of Combined Company Common Stock and Assumed Vested Options such that the aggregate value of the foregoing equal to $525.0 million. |
| 5. | That the number and terms of the outstanding Teamshares securities are the same as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time as the number and terms of Teamshares securities outstanding as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, except with respect to: (i) additional Teamshares shares issuable to Liquidation Preference Electing Holders in accordance with the terms of the Liquidation Preference Election Notice and Waiver Documents, (ii) additional Teamshares shares issuable to holders of Teamshares Preferred Stock in connection with effectuating the Company Preferred Stock Exchange in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement and (iii) additional Teamshares shares issuable upon exercise, if any, of outstanding Teamshares Convertible Securities in accordance with the terms of such securities, relative to which (with respect to the foregoing clauses (i) and (iii)), the assumptions further detailed in item 6 below are incorporated in this the share calculations and ownership information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus, including in the sections of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “ Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information Beneficial Ownership of Securities |
| 6. | That, prior to the First Effective Time, (i) all of the holders of Company Series D Voting Preferred Stock, Company Series D-NV Preferred Stock, Company Series E Preferred Stock and Company Series E-NV Preferred Stock (and no holders of shares of Company Series C-1 Preferred Stock) make the Liquidation Preference Election in accordance with the Liquidation Preference Election and Waiver Documents, resulting in the issuance, prior to the First Effective Time of 1,923,806 shares of Teamshares common stock to such Liquidation Preference Electing Holders (resulting, also, in the exclusion from participation in future Earnout Shares, if any such shares are issued in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, of shares in respect of which such Liquidation Preference Elections are made); and (ii) warrants to purchase shares of Teamshares common stock are exercised in accordance with their terms, resulting in the issuance, on a net exercise basis, of 49,174 Teamshares shares prior to the First Effective Time. |
| 7. | That the number and vesting status of the Company In-the-Money Vested Options that are presently outstanding and in-the-money In-The-Money In-The-Money |
| 8. | That, in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, the Company causes all Company convertible securities which are not In-The-Money |
| 9. | That none of the Teamshares Stockholders exercises appraisal rights in connection with the Closing. |
| 10. | For purposes of calculating estimated Redemption Payments in connection with the presentation in this proxy statement/prospectus of various illustrative examples of pro forma Combined Company ownership scenarios, except to the extent otherwise noted, a Redemption Price of $10.39 per Public Share, calculated based on $239.0 million contained in the Trust Account as of December 31, 2025, is used, solely for calculation purposes. |
• |
Live Oak may not be able to obtain the required shareholder approval to consummate the proposed Business Combination; |
• |
Live Oak’s Sponsor, directors and officers have potential conflicts of interest in recommending that Live Oak’s shareholders vote in favor of the proposed Business Combination; |
• |
Live Oak’s Sponsor has agreed to vote in favor of the proposed Business Combination, which will increase the likelihood that Live Oak will receive the requisite shareholder approval for the proposed Business Combination and the transactions contemplated thereby regardless of how Live Oak’s public shareholders vote; |
• |
The ability of Live Oak’s public shareholders to exercise redemption rights with respect to a large number of public shares could deplete Live Oak’s trust account prior to the closing of the proposed Business Combination and thereby diminish the amount of capital available to the Combined Company; |
• |
Securities of companies formed through combinations with special purpose acquisition companies such as Live Oak may experience a material decline in price relative to the share price prior to such combinations; |
• |
Holders of Live Oak’s founder shares, including Live Oak’s Sponsor, may receive a positive return on such shares, even if Live Oak’s public shareholders experience a negative return on their investment after the consummation of the proposed Business Combination; |
• |
Live Oak cannot assure you that its due diligence review of Company’s business has identified all material issues or risks associated with their respective business or the industry in which it operates. Additional information may later arise in connection with the preparation of the registration statement and proxy materials or after the consummation of the proposed Business Combination. If Live Oak’s due diligence investigation was inadequate, then shareholders of the Combined Company could lose some or all of their investment; |
• |
Live Oak’s shareholders will experience significant dilution as a consequence of the proposed Business Combination and related financings; |
• |
The parties will incur significant transaction costs in connection with the proposed Business Combination, which may exceed current estimates and expectations, and those costs will be paid using the proceeds from the proposed Business Combination and related financings, diminishing the amount of capital available to the Combined Company following closing; |
• |
If, following the consummation of the proposed Business Combination, securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about the Combined Company, its business, or its market, or if they change their recommendation regarding the Combined Company’s shares adversely, then the price and trading volume of the Combined Company’s shares could decline; |
• |
An active trading market for the Combined Company’s securities may not be available on a consistent basis to provide shareholders with adequate liquidity. The market price of the Combined Company shares could decline significantly and trading volume could decline significantly or become volatile following the consummation of the proposed Business Combination; |
• |
Because there are no current plans for the Combined Company to pay cash dividends for the foreseeable future, shareholders may not receive any return on investment unless shares are sold for a price greater than that which was initially paid; |
• |
Future sales and issuance of shares could result in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of the Combined Company shareholders and cause the market price of the Combined Company’s shares to decline even if the business is doing well; |
• |
The Combined Company’s reported operating results may fluctuate significantly or may fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, each of which may cause the market price of its securities to fluctuate or decline; |
• |
Following the consummation of the proposed Business Combination, the Combined Company may be subject to an increased risk of securities class action litigation; |
• |
The Combined Company may be unable to obtain additional financing to fund its operations or growth; |
• |
There can be no assurance that the Combined Company will be able to meet the initial listing standards of Nasdaq, or following the closing of the proposed Business Combination, comply with the continued listing standards of Nasdaq; |
• |
Teamshares may not be able to implement its business plans, forecasts and other expectations after completion of the Business Combination; |
• |
Additional financing in connection with the Business Combination, or additional capital needed following the Business Combination to support Teamshares’ business or operations, may not be raised on favorable terms or at all; |
• |
The evolution of the markets in which Teamshares competes; |
• |
The ability of Teamshares to implement its strategic initiatives and continue to innovate its existing products and services |
• |
Teamshares’ fiscal stability and ability to continue as a going concern, including Teamshares’ ability to obtain funds to pay its expenses and repay indebtedness; and |
• |
other risks and uncertainties described in this proxy statement/prospectus, including those under the section entitled “ Risk Factors |
Q: |
Why am I receiving this proxy statement/prospectus? |
A: |
Live Oak shareholders are being asked to consider and vote upon a Proposal to approve and adopt the Business Combination including the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, among other Proposals. Upon the completion of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, Teamshares will become a wholly owned subsidiary of the Combined Company. A copy of the Merger Agreement is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A |
Q: |
What proposals are shareholders of Live Oak being asked to vote upon? |
A: |
Shareholders of Live Oak are being asked to vote upon the following Proposals: |
• |
All of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Teamshares as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time shall automatically be cancelled and cease to exist, in exchange for the rights of (A) each Teamshares Stockholder to receive its pro rata share of the Stockholder Merger Consideration (after giving effect to Liquidation Preference Elections by applicable holders of Teamshares preferred stock and, thereafter, giving effect to the Company Preferred Stock Exchange or otherwise treating shares of Company Preferred Stock on an as-converted to Company Common Stock basis, but excluding treasury stock owned by Teamshares or a direct or indirect subsidiary) and (B) each eligible Earnout Participant to receive certain Earnout Shares, if any are issued in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement; and |
• |
All outstanding “in-the-money” |
• |
All Teamshares warrants, convertible debt, “out-of the-money” options and other convertible securities outstanding and not exercised or converted prior to the First Effective Time will be terminated. |
• |
Organizational Documents Proposal 4 — Under the Proposed Organizational Documents, the Combined Company would be authorized to issue (A) [ ] shares of Combined Company Common Stock and (B) [ ] shares of Combined Company Preferred Stock. |
• |
Organizational Documents Proposal 5 — The Proposed Organizational Documents would adopt (a) Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation and (b) the federal district courts of the United States of America as the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. |
• |
Organizational Documents Proposal 6 — The Proposed Charter would require the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the total voting power of all then-outstanding shares of the Combined Company to amend, alter, repeal or rescind certain provisions of the Proposed Charter. |
• |
Organizational Documents Proposal 7 — The Proposed Charter would require the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at an election of directors, voting together as a single class, to remove a director only for cause. |
• |
Organizational Documents Proposal 8 — The Proposed Charter would prohibit stockholder action by written consent in lieu of a meeting and require stockholders to take action at an annual or special meeting. |
• |
Organizational Documents Proposal 9 — The Proposed Charter would (1) change the corporate name from “Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V” to “Teamshares Inc.”, (2) make the Combined Company’s corporate existence perpetual and (3) remove certain provisions related to Live Oak’s status as a blank check company that will no longer be applicable upon consummation of the Business Combination. |
A: |
In considering the recommendation of the Live Oak Board to vote in favor of the Business Combination, Public Shareholders should be aware that, aside from their interests as shareholders, the Sponsor, directors and officers have interests in the Business Combination that are different from, or in addition to, those of Live Oak’s other shareholders generally, including the aggregate amount at risk to the Sponsor of $4,525,000, which is the amount that the Sponsor paid for its Sponsor Shares and Private Warrants. Live Oak’s directors were aware of and considered these interests, among other matters, in evaluating the Business Combination, and in recommending to the Public Shareholders that they approve the Business Combination. Further, the interests of the Sponsor and current officers or directors of Live Oak may be different from or in addition to (and which may conflict with) your interests and they may be incentivized to complete a less favorable business combination rather than liquidating Live Oak. Public Shareholders |
should take these interests into account in deciding whether to approve the Business Combination. These interests include, among other things, the fact: |
• |
that if the Business Combination or another Live Oak initial business combination is not consummated by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), Live Oak will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up. In such event, the 5,750,000 Class B Ordinary Shares, also referred to as the Sponsor Shares (which will be converted into Live Oak Class B Common Stock pursuant to the Domestication and will subsequently convert into Combined Company Common Stock in connection with the Closing in accordance with the Interim Charter) held by the Sponsor (or any permitted distributees thereof, as applicable) will be worthless because the holders thereof entered into an agreement waiving entitlement to participate in any redemption or liquidating distributions with respect to such shares. Neither the Sponsor nor any other person received any compensation in exchange for this agreement to waive redemption and liquidation rights. Pursuant to terms of the Insider Letter, the Sponsor Shares (including the corresponding Combined Company securities, after the Closing) are subject to a lock-up whereby, subject to certain limited exceptions, the Sponsor Shares are not transferable until the earlier of (A) one year after the completion of Live Oak’s initial business combination or (B) subsequent to Live Oak’s initial business combination, the date on which the Combined Company consummates a transaction which results in all of its shareholders having the right to exchange their shares for cash, securities or other properties; provided, however, that if the Insider Letter Amendment Proposal is approved by Live Oak shareholders when presented at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, the foregoing lock-up terms will be amended as set forth in such proposal, upon the effectiveness of the Insider Letter Amendments at the Closing. (The Sponsor may, on or before the Closing of the Business Combination, distribute some or all of the Live Oak Securities held by it and any such distributed Sponsor Shares may be released from lock-up restrictions in connection with applicable stock exchange listing requirements.) In this regard, while the Sponsor Shares are not the same as the Class A Ordinary Shares, are subject to certain restrictions that are not applicable to the Class A Ordinary Shares, and may become worthless if Live Oak does not complete a business combination by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), the aggregate value of the 5,750,000 Sponsor Shares owned by the Sponsor is estimated to be approximately $59.3 million, assuming the per share value of the Sponsor Shares is the same as the $10.32 closing price of the Class A Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq on February 11, 2026; |
• |
a member of the Sponsor with a 1.9% indirect interest in Live Oak’s founder shares has subscribed to purchase Live Oak shares pursuant to an Initial PIPE Investment Subscription Agreement for a purchase price of $9.20 per share, which is a lesser amount than the $10.00 at which Live Oak Units were purchased by Live Oak public shareholders in the Live Oak IPO (such member’s investment in the Initial PIPE Investment equaling less than 0.5% of the overall Initial PIPE Investment); |
• |
that if the Business Combination or another Live Oak initial business combination is not consummated by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), Live Oak will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up. In such event, the 4,500,000 Private Warrants held by the Sponsor (or any permitted distributees thereof, as applicable) will expire worthless. The Sponsor purchased the Private Warrants at an aggregate purchase price of $4,500,000, or $1.00 per warrant, with each whole Private Warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share for $11.50 per share, in the Private Placement consummated simultaneously with the IPO. Pursuant to the terms of the Insider Letter, the Private Warrants and all of their underlying securities, are also subject to lock-up restrictions whereby, subject to certain limited exceptions, the Private Warrants will not be sold or transferred until 30 days after Live Oak has completed a business combination (though the Sponsor is not prohibited from distributing Private Warrants out of the Sponsor in accordance with the Sponsor governing documents on or before the Closing of the Business Combination, which the Sponsor may determine to do, in its sole discretion). In this regard, while the Private Warrants are not the same as the Public Warrants, the aggregate value of the 4,500,000 Private Warrants held by the Sponsor is estimated to be approximately $7.6 million, |
| assuming the per warrant value of the Private Warrant is the same as the $1.70 closing price of the Public Warrants on the Nasdaq on February 11, 2026; |
• |
that if the proposed Business Combination is consummated, immediately after the Closing the Sponsor (or, to the extent applicable, distributees of Sponsor Shares in the aggregate, if the Sponsor, in its discretion, determines to make such a distribution in accordance with the terms of the Sponsor governing documents) is anticipated to hold [ ]% of the outstanding shares of Combined Company Common Stock, based on the assumptions set forth in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “ Share Calculations and Ownership Percentages Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information Beneficial Ownership of Securities |
• |
that, based on the difference in the effective purchase price of $0.004 per share paid for the Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares, and $1.00 per warrant paid for the Private Warrants, as compared to the purchase price of $10.00 per Unit sold in the IPO, the Sponsor and its members may earn a positive rate of return even if the share price of the Combined Company after the Closing falls below the price initially paid for the Units in the IPO and the unredeeming unaffiliated Live Oak Public Shareholders experience a negative rate of return following the Closing of the Business Combination; |
• |
that if, prior to the Closing, the Sponsor provides working capital loans to Live Oak, up to $1,500,000 of such working capital loans may be convertible into newly-issued Live Oak warrants with terms equivalent to existing Private Warrants at the option of the Sponsor, such loans may not be repaid if no business combination is consummated and Live Oak is forced to liquidate; provided, however, that, as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, there are no such working capital loans outstanding; |
• |
that unless Live Oak consummates an initial business combination, it is possible that Live Oak’s officers, directors and the Sponsor may not receive reimbursement for out-of-pocket out-of-pocket |
• |
that if the Trust Account is liquidated, including in the event Live Oak is unable to complete an initial business combination by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), the Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to Live Oak, if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to Live Oak or a prospective target business with which Live Oak has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or similar agreement or business combination agreement (except for Live Oak’s independent registered public accounting firm), reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below the lesser of (i) $[ ] per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $[ ] per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, net of taxes payable, provided, however, that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business that executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable), nor will it apply to any claims under Live Oak’s indemnity of the underwriters of the IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act; |
• |
that the Sponsor and Live Oak’s officers and directors may benefit from the completion of a business combination and may be incentivized to complete an acquisition of a less favorable target company or on terms less favorable to shareholders rather than liquidate; |
• |
that, under the terms of the Administrative Services Agreement, Live Oak Merchant Partners, an affiliate of the Sponsor, is entitled to $17,500 per month for office space, secretarial and administrative |
| support services until the earlier of the completion of Live Oak’s initial business combination or its liquidation; |
• |
that Live Oak’s directors and officers will be eligible for continued indemnification and continued coverage under directors’ and officers’ liability insurance after the Business Combination and pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement; and |
• |
that the Sponsor has invested an aggregate of $4,525,000 (consisting of $25,000 for the Sponsor Shares and $4,500,000 for the Private Warrants), which means that the Sponsor, following the Merger, if consummated, may experience a positive rate of return on such investments, even if other Live Oak shareholders experience a negative rate of return on their investment. |
• |
that pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the IPO Underwriter may receive deferred underwriting fees in an amount equal to up to $0.30 per Unit issued in the IPO, or $6,900,000, and such fees are payable only if Live Oak completes an initial business combination. Such deferred amount will be subject to pro rata reduction based on the extent of redemptions that reduce the amount of the Trust Account at the time of Live Oak’s consummation of the initial business combination and will otherwise be allocated to members of FINRA who have assisted in the consummation of the initial business combination, at the discretion of the Sponsor; |
• |
that pursuant to the terms of the Deferred Advisory Fee Agreement, Santander is entitled to receive cash fees, which amount is payable solely upon consummation by Live Oak of an initial business combination; |
• |
that pursuant to the terms of the Placement Agent Agreement with Live Oak, Santander, in its capacity as placement agent, is entitled to receive cash fees equal to 3.00% of the gross proceeds from PIPE Investors, subject to certain exclusions, and reimbursement for certain expenses associated with Santander’s services as placement agent, subject to and contingent upon the consummation of the PIPE Investment; and |
• |
that pursuant to the terms of the Teamshares-Santander Advisory and Placement Agent Agreement, Santander is entitled to receive up to approximately $11 million, subject to adjustment based on (A) redemptions and (B) fees received pursuant to the Deferred Advisory Fee Agreement, Underwriting Agreement and Placement Agent Agreement (“Teamshares Placement Agent Fee”). |
Q: |
Did the Live Oak Board obtain a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in determining whether or not to proceed with the Business Combination? |
A: |
No. The Live Oak Board did not obtain a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in connection with its determination to approve the Business Combination (including the consideration to be delivered to Teamshares Stockholders under the terms of the Merger Agreement). However, Live Oak management and the members of the Live Oak Board have substantial experience evaluating the financial merits of companies across a variety of industries, including asset management, financial services, real estate, energy, technology, industrial, and business and consumer services sectors, and the Live Oak Board concluded that this experience and background enabled them to make the necessary analyses and determinations regarding the Business Combination and its terms. The factors and information considered by the Live Oak Board, as further described under the heading “ Live Oak Financial Analysis Risks Related to the Business Combination and Live Oak Neither the Live Oak Board nor any committee thereof obtained a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in determining whether or not to pursue the Business Combination. Consequently, you have no assurance from an independent source that the price Live Oak is paying for Teamshares is fair to Live Oak — and, by extension, its securityholders — from a financial point of view. |
A: |
Prior to Live Oak entering into the Merger Agreement, the Live Oak Board convened a meeting to complete its evaluation of the proposed Business Combination and the transactions. In such evaluation, the Live Oak Board considered the matters necessary or appropriate to reach an informed conclusion as to the fairness, advisability and reasonableness of the transactions, including, without limitation, whether the proposed Business Combination is in the best interests of Live Oak shareholders. Having affirmed the foregoing, the Live Oak Board proceeded to approve the Business Combination. As Live Oak is an exempted company under the laws of the Cayman Islands, the Live Oak Board’s review of the transactions was conducted in accordance with Cayman Islands law, based on advice from Cayman legal counsel that directors of a Cayman company have a duty to act in good faith and in the best interests of the company (generally considered to include the interests of the company’s shareholders, as a whole). Accordingly, taking into account the Live Oak Board’s view that the proposed Transactions are in the best interests of the Live Oak shareholders, the Live Oak Board approved the transactions as being fair, advisable and in the best interests of Live Oak. |
Q: |
Are any of the proposals conditioned on one another? |
A: |
Yes. Each of the Business Combination Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, the Charter Proposal, the Nasdaq Proposal and the Director Election Proposal is conditioned on one another and are referred to collectively herein as the “ Required Proposals |
Q: |
When and where will the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting take place? |
A: |
The Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting will be held on [ ], 2026 at [ ] a.m. Eastern Time, in a virtual meeting format at www.cstproxy.com/[ ]. |
Q: |
What will happen in the Business Combination? |
A: |
Prior to the Effective Time of the Mergers, Live Oak will transfer by way of continuation out of the Cayman Islands and into the State of Delaware to re-domicile and become a Delaware corporation; |
• |
All of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Teamshares as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time shall automatically be cancelled and cease to exist, in exchange for the rights of |
| (A) each Teamshares Stockholder to receive its pro rata share of the Stockholder Merger Consideration (after giving effect to Liquidation Preference Elections by applicable holders of Teamshares preferred stock and, thereafter, giving effect to the Company Preferred Stock Exchange or otherwise treating shares of Company Preferred Stock on an as-converted to Company Common Stock basis, but excluding treasury stock owned by Teamshares or a direct or indirect subsidiary) and (B) each eligible Earnout Participant to receive certain Earnout Shares, if any are issued in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement; |
• |
All outstanding “in-the-money” |
• |
All Teamshares warrants, convertible debt, “out-of the-money” options and other convertible securities outstanding and not exercised or converted prior to the First Effective Time will be terminated. |
Q: |
Why is Live Oak proposing the Domestication? |
A: |
The Live Oak Board believes that it would be in the best interests of Live Oak to effect the Domestication to enable Live Oak to avoid certain taxes that would be imposed if it were to conduct an operating business in the United States as a foreign corporation following the Business Combination. In addition, the Live Oak Board believes Delaware provides a recognized body of corporate law that will facilitate corporate governance by its officers and directors. Delaware maintains a favorable legal and regulatory environment in which to operate. For many years, Delaware has followed a policy of encouraging companies to incorporate there and, in furtherance of that policy, has adopted comprehensive, modern and flexible corporate laws that are regularly updated and revised to meet changing business needs. As a result, many corporations have initially chosen Delaware as their domicile or have subsequently reincorporated in Delaware in a manner similar to the procedures Live Oak is proposing. Due to Delaware’s longstanding policy of encouraging incorporation in that state and consequently its popularity as the state of incorporation, the Delaware courts have developed a considerable expertise in dealing with corporate issues and a substantial body of case law has developed construing the DGCL and establishing public policies with respect to Delaware corporations. It is anticipated that the DGCL will continue to be interpreted and explained in a number of significant court decisions that may provide greater predictability with respect to Live Oak’s corporate legal affairs following the Business Combination. |
Q: |
What is involved with the Domestication? |
A: |
The Domestication will require Live Oak to file certain documents in the Cayman Islands and the State of Delaware. At the effective time of the Domestication, Live Oak will cease to be an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and will continue as a Delaware corporation. The Current Charter will be replaced by the Interim Charter and your rights as a shareholder will cease to be governed by the laws of the Cayman Islands and will be governed by Delaware law. |
Q: |
How will the Domestication affect my Live Oak Securities? |
A: |
Pursuant to the Domestication and without further action on the part of Live Oak’s shareholders: (i) each outstanding Class A Ordinary Share of Live Oak will automatically convert into one outstanding share of Live Oak Class A Common Stock and each outstanding Class B Ordinary Share of Live Oak will automatically convert into one outstanding share of Live Oak Class B Common Stock and (ii) each outstanding Warrant will convert into a warrant to purchase the applicable number of shares of Class A Common Stock. |
Q: |
What changes are being made to Live Oak’s Current Charter in connection with the Domestication? |
A: |
In connection with the Domestication, Live Oak will be filing the Interim Charter with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware prior to the Closing, which amends and removes the provisions of the Current Charter that terminate or otherwise become inapplicable because of the Domestication and otherwise provides Live Oak’s shareholders with the same or substantially the same rights as they have under the Current Charter. |
Q: |
What equity stake will current Public Shareholders, the Sponsor, the Teamshares Stockholders and the PIPE Investors hold in the Combined Company immediately after the Closing? |
A: |
Upon consummation of the Business Combination (assuming, among other things, that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights in connection with the Closing and the other assumptions described under the section with the heading “ Share Calculations and Ownership Percentages |
No Redemption Scenario (1) |
25% Redemption Scenario (2) |
50% Redemption Scenario (3) |
Maximum Redemption Scenario (4) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares |
% Ownership |
Shares |
% Ownership |
Shares |
% Ownership |
Shares |
% Ownership |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Public Shareholders |
23,000,000 |
26 |
% |
17,250,000 |
20 |
% |
11,500,000 |
15 |
% |
— |
0 |
% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Sponsor |
3,450,000 |
4 |
% |
3,450,000 |
4 |
% |
3,450,000 |
4 |
% |
3,450,000 |
5 |
% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| PIPE Investors (5) |
13,750,000 |
15 |
% |
13,750,000 |
16 |
% |
13,750,000 |
17 |
% |
13,750,000 |
20 |
% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Teamshares Stockholders (5) |
49,461,659 |
55 |
% |
49,461,659 |
59 |
% |
49,461,659 |
63 |
% |
49,461,659 |
74 |
% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| SAFE Investors (6) |
486,652 |
1 |
% |
486,652 |
1 |
% |
486,652 |
1 |
% |
486,652 |
1 |
% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Total |
90,148,311 |
100 |
% |
84,398,311 |
100 |
% |
78,648,311 |
100 |
% |
67,148,311 |
100 |
% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Additional Potential sources of dilution |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Combined Company Assumed Options (7) |
6,424,373 |
7 |
% |
6,424,373 |
7 |
% |
6,424,373 |
8 |
% |
6,424,373 |
9 |
% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Live Oak Public Warrant Holders (8) |
11,500,000 |
11 |
% |
11,500,000 |
12 |
% |
11,500,000 |
13 |
% |
11,500,000 |
15 |
% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Live Oak Private Warrant Holders (8) |
4,500,000 |
5 |
% |
4,500,000 |
5 |
% |
4,500,000 |
5 |
% |
4,500,000 |
6 |
% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Earn Out Shares (9) |
6,000,000 |
6 |
% |
6,000,000 |
7 |
% |
6,000,000 |
7 |
% |
6,000,000 |
8 |
% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred Founder Shares (10) |
1,150,000 |
1 |
% |
1,150,000 |
1 |
% |
1,150,000 |
1 |
% |
1,150,000 |
2 |
% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Incentive Founder Shares (11) |
554,500 |
1 |
% |
554,500 |
1 |
% |
554,500 |
1 |
% |
554,500 |
1 |
% | ||||||||||||||||||||
(1) |
Assuming No Redemptions: Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information Share Calculations and Ownership Percentages |
(2) |
Assuming 25% of Maximum Redemptions: In addition to the assumptions in the “No Redemptions” scenario, this presentation assumes that 5,750,000 Public Shares are redeemed upon consummation of the Business Combination for aggregate Redemption Payments of $59.8 million, assuming a redemption price of $10.39 per share (based on $239.0 million contained in the Trust Account as of December 31, 2025), which represents approximately 25% of the total number of Public Shares that may be redeemed in connection with the Closing (assuming no prior redemptions of Public Shares). |
(3) |
Assuming 50% of Maximum Redemptions: In addition to the assumptions in the “No Redemptions” scenario, this presentation assumes that 11,500,000 Public Shares are redeemed upon consummation of the Business Combination for aggregate Redemption Payments of $119.5 million, assuming a redemption price of $10.39 per share (based on $239.0 million contained in the Trust Account as of December 31, 2025), which represents approximately 50% of the total number of Public Shares that may be redeemed in connection with the Closing (assuming no prior redemptions of Public Shares). |
(4) |
Assuming Maximum Redemption Scenario: In addition to the assumptions in the “No Redemptions” scenario, this presentation assumes that 23,000,000 Public Shares are redeemed upon consummation of the Business Combination for aggregate Redemption Payments of $239.0 million, assuming a redemption price of $10.39 per share (based on $239.0 million contained in the Trust Account as of December 31, 2025), which represents the maximum number of Public Shares that could be redeemed in connection with the Closing (and also assuming no prior redemptions of Public Shares). A 100% redemption scenario is possible because proceeds from the Initial PIPE Investment are expected to be sufficient to satisfy the Minimum Cash Condition pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement. In the event, which is not expected, that the Initial PIPE Investment is not consummated, a condition to Teamshares’ obligation to consummate the proposed Business Combination would not be satisfied unless sufficient numbers of Public Shares are not redeemed at or prior to the Closing or additional financing transactions generating proceeds to Teamshares or the Combined Company at least equal to the Minimum Cash Condition requirement are consummated; if the foregoing conditions are not satisfied and the Minimum Cash Condition is not waived by Teamshares, in its sole discretion, the Business Combination may not close. |
(5) |
For presentation purposes, shares of Combined Company Common Stock issuable to Teamshares PIPE Investors (each of whom are also Teamshares Stockholders) pursuant to applicable Initial PIPE subscription agreements are included in the aggregate number of Combined Company shares issued to PIPE Investors but excluded from the aggregate number of shares presented as issued to the Teamshares Stockholders. The Merger Consideration was allocated to existing stockholders based on the assumption that preferred stockholders holding Company Series D Voting Preferred Stock, Company Series D-NV Preferred Stock, Company Series E Preferred Stock and Company Series E-NV Preferred Stock exercise their liquidation preference and the Series C preferred stockholders do not exercise their liquidation preference. The elections will be made prior to consummation of the transaction. Stockholders that exercise the liquidation preference forfeit their allocation of Earnout Shares. If all Series C preferred shareholders exercise their liquidation preference, this would increase the number of shares issued to Teamshares Stockholders by approximately 61,212 and decrease the number of Assumed Options by approximately 86,125. Additionally, the calculations assume that the Series B Warrants are exercised on a net basis, resulting in the issuance of 223,251 shares. The remaining outstanding warrants are out-of-the-money and will be cancelled upon consummation of the transaction. |
(6) |
SAFE Investors represent holders of Teamshares SAFEs. Pursuant to the terms of the Teamshares SAFEs, the instruments will automatically convert into shares of the Combined Company immediately upon consummation of the Business Combination. |
(7) |
Represents the aggregate number of shares of Combined Company Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Assumed Options (taking into account adjustments to the number of shares and exercise prices of corresponding in-the-money Company Options that are replaced by Assumed Options in connection with the Closing), assuming no prior exercises or expiration (unexercised) of Company Options outstanding as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, including 4,566,056 vested options and 1,858,317 unvested options. The weighted average exercise price of the vested and unvested options assumed by the Combined Company are expected to be approximately $3.35 and $7.16, respectively. The amount and exercise prices of Assumed Options may change due to vesting and forfeitures between the date of this filing and close of the Business Combination. |
(8) |
Represents shares of Combined Company Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of Combined Company Warrants (which warrants, at the Closing, will replace Live Oak Public Warrants and Live Oak Private Warrants outstanding and unexercised prior to the Mergers), assuming no prior exercises |
of Live Oak Public Warrants and Live Oak Private Warrants. Combined Company Warrants will be exercisable beginning 30 days following the Closing for one share of Combined Company Common Stock at an initial exercise price of $11.50 per share in accordance with the terms of the warrants. Each redemption scenario assumes that all outstanding warrants are exercised for cash. |
(9) |
Represents Earn Out Shares potentially issuable, after the Closing, to Earnout Participants (comprised of former Teamshares Stockholders and Eligible Optionholders who satisfy the Eligibility Conditions as of immediately prior to an Earnout Trigger Date, if any), subject to satisfaction (if any) of applicable Earnout Conditions during the Earnout Period, all as set forth in the Merger Agreement. This includes 5,204,415 Earnout Shares allocated to Teamshares Stockholders and 795,585 Earnout Shares allocated to holders of Eligible Optionholders. Eligible Optionholders must remain continuously employed by, or in service with, the Combined Company or its subsidiaries from the Closing Date until immediately prior to an applicable Triggering Event or else the related Earnout Shares are forfeited. |
(10) |
Represents 1,150,000 Deferred Founder Shares issuable to Sponsor subject to vesting (or forfeiture) on the basis of achieving the Founder Shares Post-Closing Conditions during the five-year Founder Share Measurement Period. |
(11) |
Represents 1,150,000 Incentive Founder Shares less amounts utilized to incentivize investors in a Transaction Financing, secure Trust Account non-redemption or backstop arrangements or otherwise provide support in connection with any Transaction Financing. As of the date of this filing, there were 41,000 Incentive Founder Shares issued to SAFE Investors. To the extent that the Sponsor has not transferred or forfeited all of the Incentive Founder Shares at or prior to the Closing, then Sponsor shall forfeit fifty percent (50%) of the remaining Incentive Founder Shares at the Closing and the other remaining fifty percent (50%) of such Incentive Founder Shares shall become subject to vesting (or forfeiture) on the basis of achieving certain share price targets during the Earnout Period. These calculations assume that 50% of unissued shares as of the date of this filing are forfeited and the remainder shall be retained by the Sponsor and subject to vesting or forfeiture based on achieving the share price targets. |
(12) |
grants of equity or equity-linked securities under the Incentive Plan, the ESPP or any other Combined Company equity incentive plans of that may be made in the future; or |
(13) |
any private investment in public equity or any other dilutive financing sources (or the potential impact of certain such Financing Transactions, if any such transactions are identified and consummated, on the number of Combined Company securities issuable as Merger Consideration under the terms of the Merger Agreement), as none of Live Oak, Teamshares or the Combined Company as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus has any financing transaction commitments that are expected to result in adjustments to the aggregate number or composition of the Combined Company securities issuable as Merger Consideration under the terms of the Merger Agreement and does not currently anticipate having any such transactions or commitments prior to the Closing. |
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) |
No Redemption Scenario (1) |
25% Redemption Scenario (2) |
50% Redemption Scenario (3) |
Maximum Redemption Scenario (4) |
||||||||||||
| IPO offering price per share |
$ |
10.00 |
$ |
10.00 |
$ |
10.00 |
$ |
10.00 |
||||||||
| Net tangible book value as of December 31, 2025, as adjusted (5) |
$ |
332,248 |
$ |
274,212 |
$ |
216,177 |
$ |
100,106 |
||||||||
| As adjusted shares (6) |
40,200,000 |
34,450,000 |
28,700,000 |
17,200,000 |
||||||||||||
| Net tangible book value per share |
$ |
8.26 |
7.96 |
$ |
7.53 |
$ |
5.82 |
|||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Dilution per share to Public Shareholders |
$ |
(1.74 |
) |
$ |
(2.04 |
) |
$ |
(2.47 |
) |
$ |
(4.18 |
) | ||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
(1) |
Assumes that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares for a pro rata share of the funds in the Trust Account, which is a redemption scenario that could occur. |
(2) |
Assumes that holders of 25% of the Public Shares, 5,750,000 Public Shares, exercise redemption rights for an aggregate payment of approximately $59.8 million (based on the estimated per-share redemption price of approximately $10.39 per share) from the Trust Account based on funds in the Trust Account as of December 31, 2025, which is a redemption scenario that could occur. |
(3) |
Assumes that holders of 50% of the Public Shares, 11,500,000 Public Shares, exercise redemption rights for an aggregate payment of approximately $119.5 million (based on the estimated per-share redemption price of approximately $10.39 per share) from the Trust Account based on funds in the Trust Account as of December 31, 2025, which is a redemption scenario that could occur. |
(4) |
Assumes that holders of 100% of the Public Shares, 23,000,000 Public Shares, exercise redemption rights for an aggregate payment of approximately $239.0 million (based on the estimated per-share redemption price of approximately $10.39 per share) from the Trust Account based on funds in the Trust Account as of December 31, 2025, which is a redemption scenario that could occur. |
(5) |
See table below for reconciliation of net tangible book value, as adjusted. |
(6) |
See table below for reconciliation of as adjusted shares. |
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) |
No Redemption Scenario (1) |
25% Redemption Scenario (2) |
50% Redemption Scenario (3) |
Maximum Redemption Scenario (4) |
||||||||||||
| Numerator |
||||||||||||||||
| Live Oak’s Historical Net tangible book value as of December 31, 2025 |
$ |
$ |
225,562 |
$ |
225,562 |
$ |
||||||||||
| Numerator adjustments |
||||||||||||||||
| Deferred Founder Shares Earnout Liability (5) |
( |
) |
(14,659 |
) |
(14,659 |
) |
( |
) | ||||||||
| Anticipated transaction expenses (6) |
( |
) |
(5,155 |
) |
(5,155 |
) |
( |
) | ||||||||
| Reduction of underwriting fees based on redemptions(7) |
1,725 |
3,450 |
||||||||||||||
| Initial PIPE Investment proceeds (8) |
126,500 |
126,500 |
||||||||||||||
| Redemptions from Trust Account (9) |
(59,761 |
) |
(119,521 |
) |
( |
) | ||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Net tangible book value as of December 31, 2025, as adjusted |
$ |
$ |
274,212 |
$ |
216,17 7 |
$ |
||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Denominator |
||||||||||||||||
| Sponsor Shares |
3 ,4 50,000 |
3 ,4 50,000 |
||||||||||||||
| Public Shareholders |
23,000,000 |
23,000,000 |
||||||||||||||
| Live Oak Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025 |
2 6 ,45 0,000 |
2 6 ,4 50,000 |
||||||||||||||
| Denominator adjustments |
||||||||||||||||
| Live Oak Public Shareholders |
(5,750,000 |
) |
(11,500,000 |
) |
( |
) | ||||||||||
| Initial PIPE Investors |
13,750,000 |
13,750,000 |
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| As adjusted Live Oak shares outstanding |
3 4 ,4 50,000 |
28 ,70 0,000 |
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(1) |
Assumes that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares for a pro rata share of the funds in the Trust Account, which is a redemption scenario that could occur. |
(2) |
Assumes that holders of 25% of the Public Shares, 5,750,000 Public Shares, exercise redemption rights for an aggregate payment of approximately $59.8 million (based on the estimated per-share redemption price of approximately $10.39 per share) from the Trust Account based on funds in the Trust Account as of December 31, 2025, which is a redemption scenario that could occur. |
(3) |
Assumes that holders of 50% of the Public Shares, 11,500,000 Public Shares, exercise redemption rights for an aggregate payment of approximately $119.5 million (based on the estimated per-share redemption price of approximately $10.39 per share) from the Trust Account based on funds in the Trust Account as of December 31, 2025, which is a redemption scenario that could occur. |
(4) |
Assumes that holders of 100% of the Public Shares, 23,000,000 Public Shares, exercise redemption rights for an aggregate payment of approximately $239.0 million (based on the estimated per-share redemption price of approximately $10.39 per share) from the Trust Account based on funds in the Trust Account as of December 31, 2025, which is a redemption scenario that could occur. |
(5) |
Represents a decrease in net tangible book value, resulting from the recognition of Live Oak’s contingent liability relating to the deferred sponsor shares. The deferred sponsor shares There is no adjustment to the denominator as the deferred founder shares are subject to vesting upon the occurrence |
of the Founder Share Tier I Share Price Target and Founder Share Tier II Share Price Target or upon the occurrence of a Qualifying Change of Control during the Founder Share Measurement Period. |
| (6) | Expected and actual transaction and other costs is inclusive of a decrease to net tangible book value for expected and actual Live Oak transaction and other costs to be incurred subsequent to December 31, 2025 and paid on or before the Closing Date of $5.2 million. |
(7) |
Represents the impact of the reduction in underwriting fees on a proportional basis with redemptions. |
(8) |
Assumes completion of a $126.5 million PIPE investment. |
(9) |
Represents reductions in the Trust Account reflecting the four redemption scenarios. |
Assuming No Redemptions |
Assuming 25% of Maximum Redemptions |
Assuming 50% of Maximum Redemptions |
Assuming Maximum Redemptions |
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| Live Oak shares valuation based on offering price of the securities in the IPO of $10.00 per share |
$ |
264,500,000 |
$ |
207,000,000 |
$ |
149,500,000 |
$ |
34,500,000 |
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| Live Oak Public Shares outstanding post Business Combination |
26,450,000 |
20,700,000 |
14,950,000 |
3,450,000 |
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| Teamshares shares valuation based on offering price of the securities in the IPO of $10.00 per share |
$ |
494,616,585 |
$ |
494,616,585 |
$ |
494,616,585 |
$ |
494,616,585 |
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| Teamshares Stockholders shares outstanding post Business Combination (1) |
49,461,659 |
49,461,659 |
49,461,659 |
49,461,659 |
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| Other shares valuation based on offering price of the securities in the IPO of $10.00 per share |
$ |
142,366,522 |
$ |
142,366,522 |
$ |
142,366,522 |
$ |
142,366,522 |
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| Other stockholder shares outstanding post Business Combination (2) |
14,236,652 |
14,236,652 |
14,236,652 |
14,236,652 |
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| |
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| Total valuation based on offering price of the securities in the IPO of $10.00 per share |
$ |
901,483,107 |
$ |
843,983,107 |
$ |
786,483,107 |
$ |
671,483,107 |
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| Total shares outstanding post Business Combination |
90,148,311 |
84,398,311 |
78,648,311 |
67,148,311 |
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(1) |
Includes 49,461,659 shares of Combined Company Common Stock to be issued to the Teamshares Stockholders upon consummation of the Business Combination (after giving effect to Liquidation Preference Elections by applicable holders of Teamshares preferred stock and, thereafter, giving effect to the Company Preferred Stock Exchange or otherwise treating shares of Company Preferred Stock on an as-converted to Company Common Stock basis, but excluding treasury stock owned by Teamshares or a direct or indirect subsidiary). |
(2) |
Includes the issuance of shares of Combined Company Common Stock of 13,750,000 to PIPE Investors and 486,652 to SAFE Investors pursuant to the related subscription and investment agreements. |
Q: |
How many votes per share is each share of Combined Company Common Stock entitled to pursuant to the Proposed Charter? |
A: |
Upon the Closing, each holder of record of Common Stock will be entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock held of record by such holder on all matters on which shareholders are generally entitled to vote. |
Q: |
What conditions must be satisfied to complete the Business Combination? |
A: |
In addition to the Required Proposals, there are a number of closing conditions in the Merger Agreement, including the approval of the Business Combination by the Teamshares Stockholders. For a summary of the conditions that must be satisfied or waived prior to the Closing of the Business Combination, see the section entitled “ The Business Combination Proposal (Proposal 1) — The Merger Agreement Summary of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus — Proposals to be Voted on by Live Oak Shareholders. |
Q: |
Why is Live Oak providing shareholders with the opportunity to vote on the Business Combination? |
A: |
Under the Current Charter, Live Oak must provide all holders of its Public Shares with the opportunity to have their Public Shares redeemed upon the consummation of Live Oak’s initial business combination either in conjunction with a tender offer or in conjunction with a shareholder vote. For business and other reasons, Live Oak has elected to provide its shareholders with the opportunity to have their Public Shares redeemed in connection with a shareholder vote rather than a tender offer. Therefore, Live Oak is seeking to obtain the approval of its shareholders of the Business Combination Proposal in order to allow its public shareholders to effectuate redemptions of their Public Shares upon the Closing of the Business Combination which they elected to redeem in connection with the vote on the Business Combination. |
Q: |
How many votes do I have at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting? |
A: |
Live Oak shareholders are entitled to one vote at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting for each Live Oak Ordinary Share. Holders of Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares and Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares will vote together as a single class on all Proposals. As of the close of business on the Record Date, there were 23,000,000 issued and outstanding Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares and 5,750,000 issued and outstanding Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares. |
Q: |
What vote is required to approve the Proposals to be presented at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting? |
A: |
The approval of each of the Business Combination Proposal, the Charter Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Incentive Plan Proposal, the Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal, the Nasdaq Proposal, the Director Election Proposal, the Insider Letter Amendments Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal requires an ordinary resolution under the Current Charter and Cayman Islands law, being a resolution passed by a simple majority of the votes which are cast by those holders of Live Oak Ordinary Shares who, being entitled to do so, vote in person or by proxy at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. The approval of the Domestication Proposal requires a special resolution of the Live Oak Class B Shareholders under the Current Charter and Cayman Islands law, being a resolution passed by at least two-thirds (2/3) of the votes which are cast by Live Oak Class B Shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or by proxy at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. If the Business Combination Proposal is not approved, the Domestication Proposal, the Charter Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Incentive Plan Proposal, the Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal, the Nasdaq Proposal, the Director Election Proposal and the Insider Letter Amendments Proposal will not be presented to the Live Oak shareholders for a vote, although the Adjournment Proposal may be presented. The approval of the Business Combination Proposal and the other Required Proposals are preconditions to the consummation of the Business Combination. The Sponsor has agreed to vote its shares in favor of the Proposals. |
Q: |
What constitutes a quorum at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting? |
A: |
A quorum will be present at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting if one-third of the Live Oak Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting are represented in person online or by proxy at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. As of the Record Date, 9,583,334 Live Oak Ordinary Shares would be required to achieve a quorum. |
Q: |
May the Sponsor or Live Oak’s directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates purchase shares in connection with the Business Combination? |
A: |
In connection with the shareholder vote to approve the proposed Business Combination, the Sponsor, or Live Oak’s directors, officers or advisors or their respective affiliates may privately negotiate transactions to purchase shares from shareholders who would have otherwise elected to have their shares redeemed in conjunction with a proxy solicitation pursuant to the proxy rules for a per-share pro rata portion of the Trust Account. None of Live Oak’s Sponsor or the other members of the Sponsor, directors, officers or advisors or their respective affiliates will make any such purchases when they are in possession of any material non-public information not disclosed to the seller or during a restricted period under Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Such a purchase would include a contractual acknowledgement that such a shareholder, although still the record holder of Live Oak’s shares, is no longer the beneficial owner thereof and therefore agrees not to exercise its redemption rights, and could include a contractual provision that directs such shareholder to vote such shares in a manner directed by the purchaser. In the event that the Sponsor or any other member of the Sponsor or Live Oak’s directors, officers or advisors or their respective affiliates purchase shares in privately negotiated transactions from public shareholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights, such selling shareholders would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their shares. Any such privately negotiated purchases may be transacted at purchase prices that are below or in excess of the per-share pro rata portion of the Trust Account. |
Q: |
How will the Sponsor vote? |
A: |
The Sponsor entered into the Insider Letter, pursuant to which it has agreed to vote any Live Oak Ordinary Shares owned by it in favor of the Business Combination, including each of the Proposals. Accordingly, because of the Insider Letter, it is more likely that the necessary shareholder approval for the Proposals will be received. |
Q: |
What interests do Teamshares’ directors and officers have in the Business Combination? |
A: |
Teamshares’ directors and officers have interests in the Business Combination that may be different from or in addition to (and which may conflict with) your interests. These interests include, among other things, the interests listed below: |
• |
Continuing Officer and Executive Officer Positions: |
| Name |
Position | |
Michael Brown |
Chief Executive Officer | |
Brian Gaebe |
Chief Financial Officer | |
Madhuri Kommareddi |
Chief Operating Officer | |
Alex Eu |
President | |
Kevin Shiiba |
Chief Technology Officer |
• |
Board Service and Compensation: Interests of Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination — Post-Closing Director Compensation |
| • | Treatment of Equity Awards: |
Name |
Vested Teamshares Options |
Unvested Teamshares Options |
||||||
Michael Brown |
— | 20,355 | ||||||
Brian Gaebe |
41,041 | 8,959 | ||||||
Madhuri Kommareddi |
42,916 | 7,084 | ||||||
Alex Eu |
95,010 | 20,355 | ||||||
Kevin Shiiba |
43,505 | 20,355 | ||||||
Evan Moore |
— | — | ||||||
| • | Certain Teamshares directors and executive officers will be entitled to receive a portion of the consideration contemplated by the Merger Agreement upon the consummation of the Business Combination. See also the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “ Beneficial Ownership of Securities |
| • | Earnout Participation: |
| • | Employment Agreements: |
| • | Employment Agreements: |
| • | Participation in the Initial PIPE Investment: |
Name |
PIPE Investment Amount |
|||
Michael Brown |
$ | 250,000 | ||
Alex Eu |
$ | 250,000 | ||
Kevin Shiiba |
$ | 250,000 | ||
Brian Gaebe |
$ | 125,000 | ||
Madhuri Kommareddi |
$ | 125,000 | ||
Q: |
How do the Public Warrants differ from the Private Warrants and what are the related risks to any holders of Public Warrants following the Business Combination? |
| A: | The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants in all material respects, except that the Private Warrants will not be transferable, assignable or salable until 30 days after the completion of the Business Combination. The Sponsor, or its permitted transferees, has the option to exercise the Private Warrants on a cashless basis. The Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Combined Company in all redemption scenarios and exercisable by the holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants. |
Q: |
What happens if I sell my Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares before the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting? |
| A: | The Record Date is earlier than the date of the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. If you transfer your Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares after the Record Date, but before the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, unless the transferee obtains a proxy from you to vote those shares, you will retain your right to vote at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. However, you will not be able to seek redemption of your shares because you will no longer be able to deliver them for cancellation upon consummation of the Business Combination in accordance with the provisions described herein. If you transfer your Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares prior to the Record Date, you will have no right to vote those shares at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. |
Q: |
What happens if a substantial number of the public shareholders vote in favor of the Business Combination and exercise their redemption rights? |
| A: | Live Oak shareholders who vote in favor of the Business Combination may nevertheless also exercise their redemption rights. Accordingly, the Business Combination may be consummated even though the funds available from the Trust Account and the number of public shareholders are reduced as a result of redemptions by public shareholders. Both parties’ obligation to consummate the Business Combination is subject to the condition that, at the Closing, after giving effect to the completion and payment of Redemptions, Live Oak shall have gross cash or cash equivalents equaling or exceed $120.0 million, plus the aggregate proceeds from all Transaction Financings (including Interim Period Financing), whether received by Live Oak or Teamshares. In addition, with fewer public shares and public shareholders, the trading market for the Combined Company’s stock may be less liquid than the market for Live Oak Ordinary Shares was prior to consummation of the Business Combination and the Combined Company may not be able to meet the listing standards of the NYSE or Nasdaq. In addition, with less funds available from the Trust Account, the working capital infusion from the Trust Account into Teamshares’ business will be reduced. As a result, the proceeds will be greater in the event that no public shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares for a pro rata portion of the Trust Account as opposed to the scenario in which Public Shareholders exercise the maximum allowed redemption rights. |
Q: |
What happens if I vote against any of the Required Proposals (consisting of the Business Combination Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, the Charter Proposal, the Nasdaq Proposal and the Director Election Proposal )? |
| A: | If any of the Required Proposals are not approved, the Business Combination will not be consummated. If Live Oak does not otherwise consummate an alternative business combination by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), pursuant to the Current Charter, Live Oak will be required to dissolve and liquidate its Trust Account by returning the then-remaining funds in such account to the public shareholders (net of taxes payable and up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), unless Live Oak seeks and obtains the consent of its shareholders to amend the Current Charter to extend the date by which it must consummate its initial business combination (an “ Extension |
Q: |
Do I have redemption rights in connection with the Business Combination? |
| A: | Pursuant to the Current Charter, holders of Public Shares may elect to have their shares redeemed for cash at the applicable redemption price per share calculated in accordance with the Current Charter. As of [ ], 2026, based on funds in the Trust Account of approximately $[ ] million as of such date, the pro rata |
| portion of the funds available in the Trust Account for the redemption of Public Shares was approximately $[ ] per share. If a holder exercises its redemption rights, then such holder will be exchanging its Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares for cash and will only have equity interests in the Combined Company pursuant to the exercise of its Public Warrants, to the extent it still holds Public Warrants. Such a holder will be entitled to receive cash for its Public Shares only if it properly demands redemption and delivers its shares (either physically or electronically) to Live Oak’s transfer agent prior to the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. See the section entitled “ The Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting — Redemption Rights |
Q: |
Will my vote affect my ability to exercise redemption rights? |
| A: | No. You may exercise your redemption rights whether or not you attend or vote your Live Oak Ordinary Shares at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, and regardless of how you vote your shares. As a result, the Merger Agreement and the Required Proposals can be approved by shareholders who will elect to have their shares redeemed and who will no longer remain shareholders, leaving shareholders who choose not to elect to have their shares redeemed holding shares in a company with a potentially less liquid trading market, fewer shareholders, potentially less cash and the potential inability of the Combined Company to meet the listing standards of the NYSE or Nasdaq. |
Q: |
How do I exercise my redemption rights? |
| A: | In order to exercise your redemption rights, you must, prior to 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on [ ], 2026 (two (2) business days before the date of the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting), tender your shares physically or electronically using The Depository Trust Company’s DWAC system and submit a request in writing, including the legal name, phone number and address of the beneficial owner of the shares for which redemption is requested, that Live Oak redeem your Public Shares for cash to CST, Live Oak’s transfer agent, at the following address: |
Q: |
What are the U.S. federal income tax consequences of exercising my redemption rights? |
| A: | Holders of Live Oak Ordinary Shares who exercise their redemption rights to receive cash will be considered for U.S. federal income tax purposes to have made a sale or exchange of the tendered shares, or will be considered for U.S. federal income tax purposes to have received a distribution with respect to such shares that may be treated as: (i) dividend income, (ii) a non-taxable recovery of basis in his investment in the tendered shares, or (iii) gain (but not loss) as if the shares with respect to which the distribution was made had been sold. See the section entitled “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Public Shares, Live Oak Public Warrants, Combined Company Common Stock, and/or Combined Company Warrants |
Q: |
What are the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Mergers? |
| A: | Beneficial owners of Public Shares who do not exercise their redemption rights will not be selling, exchanging, or otherwise transferring their Public Shares in the Mergers and will therefore not be subject to any material U.S. federal income tax consequences as a result of the Mergers. Teamshares and Live Oak intend the Mergers, taken together, qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. If the Mergers, taken together, qualify as a reorganization, then Teamshares, holders of Teamshares common stock, Live Oak and holders of Live Oak common stock should not recognize gain or loss as a result of the exchange, pursuant to the Mergers, of Teamshares common stock for shares of Combined Company Common Stock and the Earnout Right (as defined in “ Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Mergers for Teamshares, Live Oak and Holders of Teamshares Common Stock U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Public Shares, Live Oak Public Warrants, Combined Company Common Stock, and/or Combined Company Warrants — Tax Considerations of the Mergers Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Mergers for Teamshares, Live Oak and Holders of Teamshares Common Stock |
Q: |
What are the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Domestication? |
| A: | For a description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Domestication, see the description in the section entitled “ U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Public Shares, Live Oak Public Warrants, Combined Company Common Stock, and/or Combined Company Warrants. |
Q: |
If I am a Warrant holder, can I exercise redemption rights with respect to my Warrants? |
| A: | No. The holders of Warrants have no redemption rights with respect to Warrants. |
Q: |
If I am a Unit holder, can I exercise redemption rights with respect to my Units? |
| A: | No. Holders of outstanding Units must separate the underlying Public Shares and Public Warrants prior to exercising redemption rights with respect to the Public Shares. |
Q: |
Do I have appraisal rights in connection with the proposed Business Combination? |
| A: | Live Oak shareholders do not have appraisal or dissenters’ rights in connection with the Business Combination under the Companies Act. |
Q: |
What happens to the funds held in the Trust Account upon consummation of the Business Combination? |
(in thousands ) Redemption Scenario |
Cash from Trust (Net of Redemptions) |
Total Estimated Cash at Closing (1) |
||||||
No Redemption |
$ | 239,042 | $ | 351,709 | ||||
25% Redemption |
$ | 179,282 | $ | 293,674 | ||||
50% Redemption |
$ | 89,641 | $ | 205,758 | ||||
Maximum Redemption |
$ | — | $ | 119,569 | ||||
| (1) | In addition to any proceeds from th e Trust Account, Total Estimated Cash at Closing in the No Redemption Scenario includes proceeds from the PIPE Investment of $126.5 million and Teamshares SAFEs of $1.1 million entered into during January 2026, less accrued transaction costs of |
| $26.3 million and repayment of the HBC Credit Agreement of $30.3 million. A portion of the tr an saction costs are variable based on the level of redemptions, which range from $0 in the Maximum Redemption scenario to $6.9 million in the No Redemption Scenario. |
Q: |
What happens if the Business Combination is not consummated? |
| A: | There are certain circumstances under which the Merger Agreement may be terminated. See the section entitled “ The Business Combination Proposal (Proposal 1) — The Merger Agreement |
Q: |
When is the Business Combination expected to be completed? |
| A: | The Closing is expected to take place (i) as promptly as practicable, but in no event later than the second business day following the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions described below under the section |
| entitled “ The Business Combination Proposal (Proposal 1) — Conditions to Closing” Outside Date |
Q: |
Are there financing transactions being entered into in connection with the Business Combination? |
| A: | Contemporaneously with the execution of the Merger Agreement, the Initial PIPE Investors each entered into PIPE Subscription Agreements with Live Oak, pursuant to which Live Oak agreed to issue, and the Initial PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, an aggregate of 13,750,000 Live Oak shares at a purchase price of $9.20 per share (versus the $10.00 per share paid by the public investors of Live Oak in the initial public offering) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $126.5 million, in a private placement to be consummated in connection with the Closing. There is no disparity in the terms of PIPE Subscription Agreements (including with respect to per share subscription prices) entered into by Teamshares PIPE Investors, as compared to Initial PIPE subscription terms applicable to Initial PIPE Investors that are not Teamshares PIPE Investors. |
Q: |
What do I need to do now? |
| A: | You are urged to read carefully and consider the information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus, including the annexes, and to consider how the Business Combination will affect you as a shareholder. You should then submit a proxy to vote as soon as possible in accordance with the instructions provided in this proxy statement/prospectus and on the enclosed proxy card or, if you hold your shares through a brokerage firm, bank or other nominee, submit your voting instructions on the voting instruction form provided by the broker, bank or nominee. |
Q: |
How do I vote? |
| A: | If you are a shareholder of record of Live Oak as of [ ], 2026, the Record Date, you may submit your proxy before the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting in any of the following ways, if available: |
| • | use the toll-free number shown on your proxy card; |
| • | visit the website shown on your proxy card to vote via the internet; or |
| • | complete, sign, date and return the enclosed proxy card in the enclosed postage-paid envelope. |
Q: |
What will happen if I abstain from voting or fail to vote at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting? |
| A: | If you fail to take any action with respect to the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting and the Business Combination is approved by Live Oak’s shareholders and consummated, you will become a shareholder of the Combined Company. If you fail to take any action with respect to the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting and the Business Combination is not approved, you will remain a shareholder of Live Oak. However, if you fail to take any action with respect to the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, you |
| will nonetheless be able to elect to redeem your Public Shares in connection with the vote on the Business Combination, provided you follow the instructions in this proxy statement/prospectus to redeem your shares. |
Q: |
What will happen if I sign and return my proxy card without indicating how I wish to vote? |
| A: | Signed and dated proxies received by Live Oak without an indication of how the shareholder intends to vote on a proposal will be voted “ FOR |
Q: |
If I am not going to attend the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting virtually or in person, should I return my proxy card instead? |
| A: | Yes. Whether or not you plan to attend the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, please read this proxy statement/prospectus carefully, and vote your shares by completing, signing, dating and returning the enclosed proxy card in the postage-paid envelope provided. |
Q: |
If my shares are held in “street name,” will my broker, bank or nominee automatically vote my shares for me? |
| A: | No. Under the rules of various national and regional securities exchanges, your broker, bank or nominee cannot vote your shares with respect to non-routine matters unless you provide instructions on how to vote in accordance with the information and procedures provided to you by your broker, bank or nominee. Each of the Proposals is non-discretionary. Live Oak believes the Proposals presented to the shareholders (other than the Adjournment Proposal ) will be considered non-routine and therefore your broker, bank or nominee cannot vote your shares without your instruction on any of the Proposals presented at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. Your bank, broker or other nominee can vote your shares only if you provide instructions on how to vote. You should instruct your broker to vote your shares in accordance with the directions you provide. However, Live Oak expects that the Adjournment Proposal will be treated as a routine proposal. Accordingly, your broker, bank or nominee may vote your shares with respect to such proposal without receiving voting instructions. |
Q: |
May I change my vote after I have mailed my signed proxy card? |
| A: | Yes. If you are a holder of record of Live Oak Ordinary Shares as of the close of business on the Record Date, and submit a proxy by mail or otherwise, you can change your vote or revoke your proxy before it is voted at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting by sending a later-dated, signed proxy card to Live Oak’s secretary at the address listed below so that it is received by Live Oak’s secretary prior to the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting or attend the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting in person online and vote (although attending the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting will not, by itself, revoke a proxy). You also may revoke your proxy by sending a notice of revocation to Live Oak’s secretary, which must be received by Live Oak’s secretary prior to the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. If you are a beneficial owner of Live Oak Ordinary Shares as of the close of business on the Record Date, you must follow the instructions of your broker, bank or other nominee to revoke or change your voting instructions. |
Q: |
What should I do if I receive more than one set of voting materials? |
| A: | You may receive more than one set of voting materials, including multiple copies of this proxy statement/prospectus and multiple proxy cards or voting instruction cards. For example, if you hold your shares in more than one brokerage account, you will receive a separate voting instruction card for each brokerage account in which you hold shares. If you are a holder of record and your shares are registered in more than one name, you will receive more than one proxy card. Please complete, sign, date and return each proxy card and voting instruction card that you receive in order to cast your vote with respect to all of your shares. |
Q: |
Who will solicit and pay the cost of soliciting proxies? |
| A: | Live Oak will pay the cost of soliciting proxies for the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. Live Oak has engaged [ ] (“[ ]”) to assist in the solicitation of proxies for the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. Live Oak has agreed to pay [ ] a fee of $[ ], plus disbursements of its expenses in connection with the services relating to the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. Live Oak will reimburse [ ] for reasonable out-of-pocket |
Q: |
Who can help answer my questions? |
| A: | If you have questions about the proposals or if you need additional copies of this proxy statement/prospectus or the enclosed proxy card you should contact our proxy solicitor at: |
| • | all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Teamshares as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time shall automatically be cancelled and cease to exist, in exchange for the rights of (A) each Teamshares Stockholder to receive its pro rata share of the Stockholder Merger Consideration (after giving effect to Liquidation Preference Elections by applicable holders of Teamshares preferred |
| stock and, thereafter, giving effect to the Company Preferred Stock Exchange or otherwise treating shares of Company Preferred Stock on an as-converted to Company Common Stock basis, but excluding treasury stock owned by Teamshares or a direct or indirect subsidiary) and (B) each eligible Earnout Participant to receive certain Earnout Shares, if any are issued in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement; |
| • | all outstanding “in-the-money” |
| • | all Teamshares warrants, convertible debt, “out-of the-money” options and other convertible securities outstanding and not exercised or converted prior to the First Effective Time will be terminated. |


| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 4 — Under the Proposed Organizational Documents, the Combined Company would be authorized to issue (A) [ ] shares of Combined Company Common Stock and (B) [ ] shares of Combined Company Preferred Stock. |
| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 5 — The Proposed Organizational Documents would adopt (a) Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation and (b) the federal district courts of the United States of America as the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. |
| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 6 — The Proposed Charter would require the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the total voting power of all then-outstanding shares of the Combined Company to amend, alter, repeal or rescind certain provisions of the Proposed Charter. |
| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 7 — The Proposed Charter would require the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at an election of directors, voting together as a single class, to remove a director only for cause. |
| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 8 — The Proposed Charter would prohibit stockholder action by written consent in lieu of a meeting and require stockholders to take action at an annual or special meeting. |
| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 9 — The Proposed Charter would (1) change the corporate name from “Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V” to “Teamshares Inc.”, (2) make the Combined Company’s corporate existence perpetual and (3) remove certain provisions related to Live Oak’s status as a blank check company that will no longer be applicable upon consummation of the Business Combination. |
| • | The Business Combination Proposal. The Merger Agreement is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A |
| • | The Domestication Proposal. The Interim Charter is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex B |
| • | The Charter Proposal. The Proposed Charter is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex C Annex D |
| • | The Organizational Documents Proposals. |
| • | The Incentive Plan Proposal. The Incentive Plan is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex E |
| • | The Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal. The ESPP is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex F |
| • | The Nasdaq Proposal. |
| • | The Director Election Proposal. |
| • | The Insider Letter Amendments Proposal. The Insider Letter Amendments are attached to this proxy/prospectus as Annex G |
| • | The Adjournment Proposal, if presented at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. |
| • | prior to 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on [ ], 2026 (two (2) business days before the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting), tender your shares physically or electronically using The Depository Trust Company’s DWAC system and submit a request in writing that your Public Shares be redeemed for cash to CST, Live Oak’s transfer agent, at the following address: |
| • | In your request to CST for redemption, you must also affirmatively certify if you “ ARE ARE NOT Section 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) with any other shareholder with respect to Live Oak Ordinary Shares; and |
| • | deliver your Public Shares either physically or electronically through DTC to Live Oak’s transfer agent at least two (2) business days before the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. Public Shareholders seeking to exercise redemption rights and opting to deliver physical certificates should allot sufficient time to obtain physical certificates from the transfer agent and time to effect delivery. It is Live Oak’s understanding that shareholders should generally allot at least two weeks to obtain physical certificates from the transfer agent. However, Live Oak does not have any control over this process, and it may take longer than two weeks. Shareholders who hold their Public Shares in “street name” will have to coordinate with their bank, broker or other nominee to have the shares certificated or delivered electronically. If you do not submit a written request and deliver your Public Shares as described above, your shares will not be redeemed. |
• |
meetings and calls with the management team and advisors of Teamshares regarding, among other things, Teamshares’ acquisition strategy (including sourcing, evaluation, financing and post-acquisition support of acquired businesses), acquisition “track record” and Operating Subsidiary acquisition plans, as well as its software platform and business plans; |
• |
review of material contracts and other material matters; |
• |
financial, tax, legal, cybersecurity and IT infrastructure, accounting, operational, business and other due diligence; |
• |
review of unaudited historical financial statements and operating information; |
• |
consultation with Teamshares management and its legal counsel; |
• |
review of Teamshares’ proprietary software platform; |
• |
financial analyses of Teamshares, the proposed Business Combination, the Forecasts prepared by Teamshares management and delivered to Live Oak as part of the diligence process (as further described in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “— Live Oak Financial Analysis Live Oak Financial Analysis |
• |
Market Opportunity and Positioning |
• |
Track Record |
• |
Capital Efficiency. 30-40% return on equity for acquired businesses and an EBITDA to free cash flow conversion in excess of 75%. |
• |
Platform Scalability |
• |
Path to Self-Sustaining Growth Teamshares Management Forecasts” |
• |
Potential Benefits from Business Combination |
• |
Teamshares’ Desire to Engage in the Business Combination |
• |
Potential for Improved Costs of Debt Financing. |
• |
Operating Subsidiary Growth |
• |
Management Continuity. |
• |
Attractive Valuation. bolt-on acquisitions across a variety of industries and geographies, as described under the section entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — Guideline Company Analyses |
• |
Terms and Conditions of the Merger Agreement. arm’s-length negotiations between the parties. |
• |
Continued Ownership by Teamshares Stockholders. lock-up restrictions described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. |
• |
Teamshares Being an Attractive Target. |
• |
Business Plans May Not be Achieved. |
• |
Readiness to be a Public Company. |
• |
Indebtedness |
• |
Competition. |
• |
Macroeconomic Uncertainty. |
• |
Litigation. |
• |
Valuation. |
• |
Fees and Expenses. |
• |
Redemptions. |
• |
Exchange Listing. |
• |
Liquidation. |
• |
Dilution. Questions and Answers About the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting — |
• |
Conflicts of Interest. The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of Live Oak’s Sponsor, Directors, Officers and Advisors in the Business Combination |
• |
Other Risks Factors. Risk Factors |
• |
Access to Capital to Fund Growth Strategy. |
• |
Platform Scalability. |
• |
Market Opportunity. |
• |
that if the Business Combination or another Live Oak initial business combination is not consummated by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), Live Oak will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up. In such event, the 5,750,000 Class B |
Ordinary Shares, also referred to as the Sponsor Shares (which will be converted into Live Oak Class B Common Stock, pursuant to the Domestication and will subsequently be converted into Combined Company Common Stock in connection with the Closing in accordance with the Interim Charter) held by the Sponsor (or any permitted distributees thereof, as applicable) will be worthless because the holders thereof entered into an agreement waiving entitlement to participate in any redemption or liquidating distributions with respect to such shares. Neither the Sponsor nor any other person received any compensation in exchange for this agreement to waive redemption and liquidation rights. Pursuant to terms of the Insider Letter, the Sponsor Shares (including the corresponding Combined Company securities, after the Closing) are subject to a lock-up whereby, subject to certain limited exceptions, the Sponsor Shares are not transferable until the earlier of (A) one year after the completion of Live Oak’s initial business combination or (B) subsequent to Live Oak’s initial business combination, the date on which the Combined Company consummates a transaction which results in all of its shareholders having the right to exchange their shares for cash, securities or other properties; provided, however, that if the Insider Letter Amendment Proposal is approved by Live Oak shareholders when presented at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, the foregoing lock-up terms will be amended as set forth in such proposal, upon the effectiveness of the Insider Letter Amendments at the Closing. The Sponsor may, on or before the Closing of the Business Combination, distribute some or all of the Live Oak Securities held by it and any such distributed Sponsor Shares may be released from lock-up restrictions in connection with applicable stock exchange listing requirements. In this regard, while the Sponsor Shares are not the same as the Class A Ordinary Shares, are subject to certain restrictions that are not applicable to the Class A Ordinary Shares, and may become worthless if Live Oak does not complete a business combination by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), the aggregate value of the 5,750,000 Sponsor Shares owned by the Sponsor is estimated to be approximately $59.3 million, assuming the per share value of the Sponsor Shares is the same as the $10.32 closing price of the Class A Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq on February 11, 2026; |
• |
a member of the Sponsor with a 1.9% indirect interest in Live Oak’s founder shares has subscribed to purchase Live Oak shares pursuant to an Initial PIPE Investment Subscription Agreement for a purchase price of $9.20 per share, which is a lesser amount than the $10.00 at which Live Oak Units were purchased by Live Oak public shareholders in the Live Oak IPO (such member’s investment in the Initial PIPE Investment equaling less than 0.5% of the overall Initial PIPE Investment); |
• |
that if the Business Combination or another Live Oak initial business combination is not consummated by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), Live Oak will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up. In such event, the 4,500,000 Private Warrants held by the Sponsor (or any permitted distributees thereof, as applicable) will expire worthless. The Sponsor purchased the Private Warrants at an aggregate purchase price of $4,500,000, or $1.00 per warrant, with each whole Private Warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share for $11.50 per share, in the Private Placement consummated simultaneously with the IPO. Pursuant to the terms of the Insider Letter, the Private Warrants and all of their underlying securities, are also subject to lock-up restrictions whereby, subject to certain limited exceptions, the Private Warrants will not be sold or transferred until 30 days after Live Oak has completed a business combination (though the Sponsor is not prohibited from distributing Private Warrants out of the Sponsor in accordance with the Sponsor governing documents on or before the Closing of the Business Combination, which the Sponsor may determine to do, in its sole discretion). In this regard, while the Private Warrants are not the same as the Public Warrants, the aggregate value of the 4,500,000 Private Warrants held by the Sponsor is estimated to be approximately $7.6 million, assuming the per warrant value of the Private Warrant is the same as the $1.70 closing price of the Public Warrants on the Nasdaq on February 11, 2026; |
• |
that if the proposed Business Combination is consummated, immediately after the Closing the Sponsor (or, to the extent applicable, distributees of Sponsor Shares in the aggregate, if the Sponsor, in its |
discretion, determines to make such a distribution in accordance with the terms of the Sponsor governing documents) is anticipated to hold [ ]% of the outstanding shares of Combined Company Common Stock, based on the assumptions set forth in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “ Share Calculations and Ownership Percentages Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information Beneficial Ownership of Securities |
• |
that, based on the difference in the effective purchase price of $0.004 per share paid for the Class B Ordinary Shares, and $1.00 per warrant paid for the Private Warrants, as compared to the purchase price of $10.00 per Unit sold in the IPO, the Sponsor and its members may earn a positive rate of return even if the share price of Combined Company Common Stock after the Closing falls below the price initially paid for the Units in the IPO and the unredeeming unaffiliated Public Shareholders experience a negative rate of return following the Closing of the Business Combination; |
• |
that if, prior to the Closing, the Sponsor provides working capital loans to Live Oak, up to $1,500,000 of such working capital loans may be convertible into newly-issued Live Oak warrants with terms equivalent to existing Private Warrants at the option of the Sponsor, such loans may not be repaid if no business combination is consummated and Live Oak is forced to liquidate; provided, however, that, as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, there are no such working capital loans outstanding; |
• |
that unless Live Oak consummates an initial business combination, it is possible that Live Oak’s officers, directors and the Sponsor may not receive reimbursement for out-of-pocket out-of-pocket |
• |
that if the Trust Account is liquidated, including in the event Live Oak is unable to complete an initial business combination by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), the Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to Live Oak, if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to Live Oak or a prospective target business with which Live Oak has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or similar agreement or business combination agreement (except for Live Oak’s independent registered public accounting firm), reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below the lesser of (i) $[ ] per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $[ ] per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, net of taxes payable, provided, however, that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business that executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable), nor will it apply to any claims under Live Oak’s indemnity of the underwriters of the IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act; |
• |
that the Sponsor and Live Oak’s officers and directors may benefit from the completion of a business combination and may be incentivized to complete an acquisition of a less favorable target company or on terms less favorable to shareholders rather than liquidate; |
• |
that, under the terms of the Administrative Services Agreement, Live Oak Merchant Partners, an affiliate of the Sponsor, is entitled to $17,500 per month for office space, secretarial and administrative support services until the earlier of the completion of Live Oak’s initial business combination or its liquidation; |
• |
that Live Oak’s directors and officers will be eligible for continued indemnification and continued coverage under directors’ and officers’ liability insurance after the Business Combination and pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement; and |
• |
that the Sponsor has invested an aggregate of $4,525,000 (consisting of $25,000 for the Sponsor Shares and $4,500,000 for the Private Warrants), which means that the Sponsor, following the Merger, if consummated, may experience a positive rate of return on such investments, even if other Live Oak shareholders experience a negative rate of return on their investment. |
• |
that pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the IPO Underwriter is entitled to receive deferred underwriting fees in an amount equal to up to $0.30 per Unit issued in the IPO, or $6,900,000, which fees are payable only if Live Oak completes an initial business combination, provided that such deferred amount is subject to pro rata reduction based on the extent of redemptions that reduce the amount of the Trust Account at or prior to the time of Live Oak’s consummation of the initial business combination and will otherwise be allocated to members of FINRA who have assisted in the consummation of the initial business combination, at the discretion of the Sponsor; |
• |
that pursuant to the terms of the Deferred Advisory Fee Agreement, Santander is entitled to receive cash fees, which amount is payable solely upon consummation by Live Oak of an initial business combination; |
• |
that pursuant to the terms of the Placement Agent Agreement with Live Oak, Santander, in its capacity as placement agent, is entitled to receive cash fees equal to 3.00% of the gross proceeds from PIPE Investors, subject to certain exclusions, and reimbursement for certain expenses associated with Santander’s services as placement agent, subject to and contingent upon the consummation of the PIPE Investment; |
• |
that pursuant to the terms of the Teamshares-Santander Advisory and Placement Agent Agreement, Santander is entitled to receive up to approximately $11 million, subject to adjustment based on (A) redemptions and (B) fees received pursuant to the Deferred Advisory Fee Agreement, Underwriting Agreement and Placement Agent Agreement (“Teamshares Placement Agent Fee”). |
Interest in Securities |
Other Consideration | |
| At Closing, the Sponsor will hold a total of Combined Company Common Stock in connection with the Closing in accordance with the Interim Charter) purchased by the Sponsor prior to Live Oak’s IPO for an aggregate price of $ |
Live Oak Merchant Partners, an affiliate of the Sponsor, receives $ | |
| At Closing, the Sponsor will hold a total of |
Reimbursement for any unpaid out-of-pocket | |
Interest in Securities |
Other Consideration | |
| If any such loans are issued by the Sponsor and remain unpaid prior to Closing, up to $ |
• |
All of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Teamshares as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time shall automatically be cancelled and cease to exist, in exchange for the rights of (A) each eligible Teamshares Stockholder to receive its pro rata share of the Stockholder Merger Consideration (after giving effect to Liquidation Preference Elections by applicable holders of Teamshares preferred stock and, thereafter, giving effect to the Company Preferred Stock Exchange or otherwise treating shares of Company Preferred Stock on an as-converted to Company Common Stock basis, but excluding treasury stock owned by Teamshares or a direct or indirect subsidiary) and (B) each Earnout Participant to receive certain Earnout Shares, if any are issued in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement; and |
• |
All outstanding “in-the-money” |
• |
All Teamshares warrants, convertible debt, “out-of the-money” options and other convertible securities outstanding and not exercised or converted prior to the First Effective Time will be terminated and will not receive any consideration. |
• |
Under the Merger Agreement, a Teamshares option (a “Company Option”) will be considered “in-the-money” |
• |
The aggregate amount of the Merger Consideration deliverable to Teamshares security holders at the Closing (in the form of newly-issued Combined Company shares and Assumed Vested Options) under the terms of the Merger Agreement is equal to the sum of (i) $525.0 million plus (ii) the aggregate amount of Interim Period Financing transactions, if any, that convert into Teamshares common stock prior to the First Effective Time. “Fully-Diluted Company Shares” represents, as of immediately prior to the Closing, the total number of issued and outstanding shares of Company Common Stock as of immediately prior to the Closing, (a) after giving effect to the Liquidation Preference Elections by applicable Liquidation Preference Electing Holders and, thereafter, giving effect to the Company Preferred Stock Exchange or otherwise treating shares of Company Preferred Stock on an as converted |
to Company Common Stock basis; (b) net shares issuable upon settlement of vested in-the-money Company Options using the treasury method of accounting; and (c) as-converted shares from Company Convertible Securities (other than Company Options), determined using the treasury method of accounting (but excluding any Teamshares shares held as treasury stock). |
• |
The shares of Combined Company Common Stock representing the Stockholder Merger Consideration will be determined by deducting the Assumed Vested Options from the total Merger Consideration. |
• |
As of March 1, 2026, there were 1,415,057 Teamshares Options outstanding, of which 1,415,057 are expected to be in-the-money at the Closing (based on the estimated Per Share Price calculated using the assumptions described above). This reflects an increase from the 1,359,850 Teamshares Options that were outstanding as of December 31, 2025, as a result of additional options granted by the Company following year-end. The actual number of Assumed Options will be determined at the Closing and will depend on the Fully-Diluted Company Shares. |
• |
If we cannot meet our future capital requirements, we may be unable to develop and enhance our services, take advantage of business opportunities and respond to competitive pressures. |
• |
Future offerings of debt or offerings or issuances of equity securities by Teamshares may adversely affect the market price of Combined Company Common Stock or otherwise dilute all other stockholders. |
• |
Teamshares may not be successful in finding future opportunities to complete acquisitions. |
• |
If we fail to manage our anticipated growth effectively, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed. |
• |
Our indebtedness could expose us to risks that could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. |
• |
We have a history of net operating losses and may not achieve profitability in the future. We may need additional capital to fund our operations. If we fail to obtain additional capital, we may be unable to sustain operations and growth of the business. |
• |
Any inability to consummate acquisitions at our historical rate and at appropriate prices, and to make appropriate investments that support our long-term strategy, could negatively impact our business. |
• |
Material Teamshares debt obligations require repayment at the Closing and will come due at various dates in 2026. If we are unable to amend, refinance, or extend such maturities or otherwise experience events of default under our debt facilities that are not waived or remediated, Teamshares will require additional financing to carry out its business plans, including anticipated Additional Operating Company acquisitions, which may delay or impair, potentially significantly, our growth plans, require us to seek additional capital sources on terms less favorable than our current debt arrangements and cause our operating results to differ, perhaps materially, from management expectations. |
• |
Engaging in acquisitions involves risks, and, if we are unable to effectively manage these risks, our business could be materially harmed. |
• |
Teamshares’ success will depend on its ability to attract and retain personnel and manage human capital both for itself and the Teamshares Operating Subsidiaries, while controlling labor costs. |
• |
Since the Sponsor Persons have interests that are different, or in addition to (and which may conflict with), the interests of our shareholders, a conflict of interest may have existed in determining whether the Business Combination with Teamshares is appropriate as our initial business combination. Such interests include that Sponsor will lose its entire investment in us if our initial business combination is not completed. |
| • | Live Oak and Teamshares will incur significant transaction and transition costs in connection with the Business Combination. |
| • | The announcement of the proposed Business Combination could disrupt Teamshares’ and the Teamshares Operating Subsidiaries’ relationships with its business partners and others, as well as its operating results and business generally. |
| • | Subsequent to consummation of the Business Combination, the Combined Company may be exposed to unknown or contingent liabilities and may be required to subsequently take write-downs or write-offs, restructuring and impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on the Combined Company’s financial condition, results of operations and the Combined Company’s share price, which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment. |
| • | The historical financial results of Teamshares and unaudited pro forma financial information included elsewhere in this prospectus may not be indicative of what the Combined Company’s actual financial position or results of operations would have been. |
| • | Neither the Live Oak Board nor any committee thereof obtained a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in determining whether or not to pursue the Business Combination. Consequently, you have no assurance from an independent source that the price Live Oak is paying for Teamshares is fair to Live Oak—and, by extension, its securityholders—from a financial point of view. |
| • | If Live Oak’s due diligence investigation of Teamshares and the Target Companies was inadequate, then Live Oak’s shareholders (as stockholders of the Combined Company following the Business Combination) could lose some or all of their investment. |
| • | Nasdaq may not list the Combined Company’s securities on its exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in the Combined Company’s securities and subject the Combined Company to additional trading restrictions. |
| • | Neither Live Oak nor its shareholders will have the protection of any indemnification, escrow, purchase price adjustment or other provisions that allow for a post-closing adjustment to be made to the Merger Consideration in the event that any of the representations and warranties made by Teamshares in the Merger Agreement ultimately proves to be inaccurate or incorrect. |
| • | The market price of Combined Company Common Stock is likely to be highly volatile, and you may lose some or all of your investment. |
| • | The Combined Company does not currently intend to pay dividends on its common stock, and, consequently, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation, if any, in the price of Combined Company Common Stock. |
| • | Future sales of shares of Combined Company Common Stock may depress its stock price. |
| • | There is no guarantee that a shareholder’s decision whether to redeem its shares for a pro rata portion of the Trust Account will put the shareholder in a better future economic position. |
For the Year ended December 31, 2025 |
For the Period from November 27, 2024 (Inception) Through December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
Statements of Operations Data |
||||||||
Total operating expenses |
$ | (9,113,588 | ) | $ | (18,571 | ) | ||
Total other income (expense) |
$ | (7,381,793 | ) | $ | — | |||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (16,495,381 | ) | $ | (18,571 | ) | ||
Balance sheets Data |
As of December 31, 2025 |
As of December 31, 2024 |
||||||
Total current assets |
$ | 1,416,813 | $ | 8,502 | ||||
Total assets |
$ | 240,473,275 | $ | 67,546 | ||||
Total shareholders’ equity (deficit) |
$ | (28,754,395 | ) | $ | 6,429 | |||
Common stock subject to possible redemption |
$ | — | $ | — | ||||
Total current liabilities |
$ | 1,111,287 | $ | 61,117 | ||||
Total liabilities |
$ | 30,185,375 | $ | 61,117 | ||||
For the years ended December 31, |
||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2025 |
2024 |
||||||
Revenue |
$ | 471,567 | $ | 398,641 | ||||
Cost of Revenue |
288,467 | 259,321 | ||||||
Gross Profit |
183,100 | 139,320 | ||||||
Operating Expenses (Income) |
||||||||
Depreciation |
3,086 | 3,747 | ||||||
Amortization |
5,907 | 5,635 | ||||||
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses |
191,421 | 167,632 | ||||||
Goodwill Impairment |
19,412 | 15,645 | ||||||
Loss (Gain) on Disposition of Assets |
(5,418 | ) | 2,661 | |||||
Total Operating Expenses |
214,409 | 195,321 | ||||||
Loss from Operations |
(31,308 | ) | (56,001 | ) | ||||
Non-Operating Expenses (Income) |
||||||||
Interest Expense, Net |
31,191 | 27,766 | ||||||
Loss on Extinguishment of Debt |
4,642 | — | ||||||
Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability |
(3,956 | ) | (702 | ) | ||||
Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration |
1,326 | 91 | ||||||
Other Non-Operating Income |
1,284 | (199 | ) | |||||
Total Non-Operating Expenses |
34,487 | 26,955 | ||||||
Loss Before Income Taxes |
(65,795 | ) | (82,957 | ) | ||||
Income Tax Expense |
562 | 890 | ||||||
Net Loss |
$ | (66,358 | ) | $ | (83,846 | ) | ||
Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |
(439 | ) | (549 | ) | ||||
Net Loss Attributable to Teamshares Inc. |
$ | (65,919 | ) | $ | (83,297 | ) | ||
Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders |
$ | (65,670 | ) | $ | (83,024 | ) | ||
Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders, Basic and Diluted |
$ | (56.46 | ) | $(71.97) | ||||
For the years ended December 31, |
||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2025 |
2024 |
||||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
$ | 40,246 | $ | 48,551 | ||||
Total Assets |
$ | 528,193 | 417,413 | |||||
Total Liabilities |
$ | 462,109 | 285,512 | |||||
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest |
$ | 2,451 | 4,194 | |||||
Total Equity |
$ | 63,633 | $ | 127,708 | ||||
| • | No Redemptions Scenario: This presentation assumes that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares at or prior to the consummation of the Business Combination. As the Sponsor and Live Oak directors and officers party to the Insider Letter waived redemption rights with regard to the Sponsor Shares, only redemptions by Public Shareholders are considered for purposes of this presentation. |
| • | Maximum Redemption Scenario : d without impacting the closing of the Business Combination. |
(in thousands, except per share information) |
Pro Forma Assuming No Redemptions Scenario |
Pro Forma Assuming Maximum Redemptions Scenario |
||||||
| Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations Data |
||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2025 |
||||||||
| Revenue |
$ | 471,567 | $ | 471,567 | ||||
| Net loss per share |
$ | (0.94 | ) | $ | (1.26 | ) | ||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding |
90,148,311 | 67,148,311 | ||||||
(in thousands) |
Pro Forma Assuming No Redemptions Scenario |
Pro Forma Assuming Maximum Redemptions Scenario |
||||||
| Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet Data as of December 31, 2025 |
||||||||
| Total assets |
$ | 838,522 | $ | 606,382 | ||||
| Total liabilities |
478,874 | 478,874 | ||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total stockholders’ equity |
359,505 | 127,365 | ||||||
| • | political instability, adverse changes in diplomatic relations and unfavorable economic and business conditions in the markets in which they currently have international operations or into which they may expand, particularly in the case of emerging markets; |
| • | limitations on the enforcement of intellectual property rights; |
| • | adverse tax consequences due both to the complexity of operating across multiple tax regimes as well as changes in, or new interpretations of, international tax treaties and structures; |
| • | expropriations of property and risks of renegotiation or modification of existing agreements with governmental authorities; |
| • | diminished ability to legally enforce certain contractual rights in foreign countries; and |
| • | difficulties in managing operations and adapting to consumer desires due to distance, language and cultural differences, including issues associated with (i) business practices and customs that are common in certain foreign countries but might be prohibited by U.S. law and their internal policies and procedures, and (ii) management and operational systems and infrastructures, including internal |
financial control and reporting systems and functions, staffing and managing of foreign operations, which they might not be able to do effectively or cost-efficiently. |
| • | their employees may experience uncertainty about their future roles, which might adversely affect Teamshares’ and the Teamshares Operating Subsidiaries’ ability to retain and hire key personnel and other employees; |
| • | business partners and other parties with which Teamshares and the Teamshares Operating Subsidiaries maintain business relationships may experience uncertainty about their future and seek alternative relationships with third parties, seek to alter their business relationships with Teamshares and the Teamshares Operating Subsidiaries or fail to extend an existing relationship with Teamshares and the Teamshares Operating Subsidiaries; and |
| • | Teamshares has expended and will continue to expend significant costs, fees and expenses for professional services and transaction costs in connection with the proposed Business Combination. |
| • | no governmental authority of competent jurisdiction shall have enacted, issued or granted any law (whether temporary, preliminary or permanent), in each case that is in effect and which has the effect of restraining, enjoining or prohibiting the consummation of the transaction; |
| • | Combined Company Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Business Combination shall have been approved for listing on Nasdaq, subject to official notice of issuance; |
| • | the parties shall each have performed and complied in all material respects with the obligations, covenants and agreements required by the Merger Agreement to be performed or complied with by it at or prior to filing, or a later date as agreed to by the parties; |
| • | customary bring-down conditions related to the accuracy of the parties’ respective representations, warranties and pre-Closing covenants in the Merger Agreement; |
| • | the Combined Company’s Registration Statement to be filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission shall have become effective; and |
| • | Live Oak’s shareholder approval |
| • | a limited availability of market quotations for Live Oak’s securities; |
| • | reduced liquidity for the Combined Company’s securities; |
| • | a determination that Combined Company Common Stock is a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in Combined Company Common Stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for the Combined Company’s securities; |
| • | a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future. |
| • | Live Oak may experience negative reactions from the financial markets, including negative impacts on its share price (including to the extent that the current market price reflects a market assumption that the Business Combination will be completed); |
| • | Live Oak will have incurred substantial expenses and will be required to pay certain costs relating to the Business Combination, whether or not the Business Combination is completed; and |
| • | since the Merger Agreement restricts the conduct of Live Oak’s businesses prior to completion of the Business Combination, Live Oak may not have been able to take certain actions during the pendency of the Business Combination that would have benefitted it as an independent company, and the opportunity to take such actions may no longer be available (see the section entitled “ Proposal 1 - The Business Combination Proposal - The Merger Agreement - Covenants |
| • | a U.S. Holder who owns (directly, indirectly or constructively) stock constituting at least 10% by vote or value in Live Oak (a “ 10% U.S. Shareholder |
| • | a U.S. Holder whose Public Shares have a fair market value of $50,000 or more on the date of the Domestication and who, on the date of the Domestication, is not a 10% U.S. Shareholder generally will recognize gain (but not loss) with respect to its Public Shares as if such U.S. Holder exchanged its Public Shares for Combined Company Common Stock in a taxable transaction, unless such U.S. Holder elects in accordance with applicable Treasury Regulations to include in income as a dividend deemed paid by Live Oak the “all earnings and profits” amount (as defined in the Treasury Regulations under Section 367(b) of the Code) attributable to such U.S. Holder’s Public Shares; and |
| • | a U.S. Holder whose Public Shares have a fair market value of less than $50,000 on the date of the Domestication and who, on the date of the Domestication, is not a 10% U.S. Shareholder, generally will not recognize any gain or loss or include any part of Live Oak’s earnings and profits in income under Section 367(b) of the Code in connection with the Domestication. |
| • | actual or anticipated fluctuations in the Combined Company’s financial condition and operating results, including fluctuations in its quarterly and annual results; |
| • | developments involving Teamshares’ competitors; |
| • | changes in laws and regulations affecting Teamshares’ business; |
| • | variations in the Combined Company’s operating performance and the performance of its competitors in general; |
| • | the public’s reaction to the Combined Company’s press releases, its other public announcements and its filings with the SEC; |
| • | additions and departures of key personnel; |
| • | announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by the Combined Company or its competitors; |
| • | the Combined Company’s failure to meet the estimates and projections of the investment community or that it may otherwise provide to the public; |
| • | publication of research reports about the Combined Company or Teamshares’ industry, or positive or negative recommendations or withdrawal of research coverage by securities analysts; |
| • | changes in the market valuations of similar companies; |
| • | overall performance of the equity markets; |
| • | sales of Combined Company Common Stock by the Combined Company or its stockholders in the future; |
| • | trading volume of Combined Company Common Stock; |
| • | significant lawsuits, including shareholder litigation; |
| • | failure to comply with the requirements of applicable laws and regulations; |
| • | general economic, industry and market conditions other events or factors, many of which are beyond the Combined Company’s control; and |
| • | changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations or principles. |
| • | a classified board of directors with three-year staggered terms, which may delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of the Combined Company Board; |
| • | no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates; |
| • | the exclusive right of the Combined Company Board, unless the board of directors grants such a right to the holders of any series of preferred stock, to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on the Combined Company’s board of directors; |
| • | the prohibition on removal of directors without cause; |
| • | the ability of the Combined Company Board to authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquiror; |
| • | the ability of the Combined Company Board to alter the Combined Company’s amended and restated bylaws without obtaining stockholder approval; |
| • | the required approval of at least 2/3 of the shares entitled to vote to amend or repeal the Combined Company’s amended and restated bylaws or amend, alter or repeal certain provisions of its amended and restated certificate of incorporation; |
| • | a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of the Combined Company’s stockholders; |
| • | an exclusive forum provision providing that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for certain actions and proceedings; |
| • | the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by the Combined Company Board, the Combined Company’s chief executive officer, or the chairman of the Combined Company Board, which may delay the ability of its stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors; |
| • | advance notice procedures that stockholders must comply with in order to nominate candidates to the Combined Company Board or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquiror from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquiror’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the Combined Company; and |
| • | the Combined Company will be subject to the anti-takeover provisions contained in Section 203 of the DGCL, which will prevent the Combined Company from engaging in a business combination with any holder of 15% or more of its capital stock unless the holder has held the stock for three years or, among other exceptions, the Combined Company Board has approved the transaction. |
| • | the accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information; |
| • | the historical audited financial statements of Live Oak as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025; |
| • | the historical audited financial statements of Teamshares as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025; and |
| • | other information relating to Teamshares and Live Oak included in this proxy statement/prospectus, including the description of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated in the section titled “ The Business Combination Proposal. |
| (i) | Prior to the Closing, Live Oak will transfer out of the Cayman Islands and continue into the State of Delaware so as to become a Delaware corporation (referred to as the “ Domestication Delaware Live Oak Combined Company |
| (ii) | Following the Domestication and prior to the Closing, Merger Sub will merge with and into Teamshares (the “ First Merger First Effective Time |
| (iii) | Immediately following and as part of the same transaction as the First Merger, the Surviving Corporation will merge with and into Merger Sub II (the “ Second Merger |
| (A) | all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of the Company as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time will be cancelled, in exchange for the right for each Company Stockholder to receive its Pro Rata Share of the Stockholder Merger Consideration (after giving effect to Liquidation Preference Elections by applicable holders of Teamshares preferred stock and, thereafter, giving effect to the Company Preferred Stock Exchange or otherwise treating shares of Company Preferred Stock on an as-converted to Company Common Stock basis, but excluding treasury stock owned by Teamshares or a direct or indirect subsidiary); |
| (B) | Company Options outstanding and in-the-money |
| options exercisable for shares of Combined Company Common Stock, subject to adjustments to the exercise prices and number of underlying shares, in each case in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement; and |
| (C) | Earnout Participants will have a contingent right to receive certain Earnout Shares, subject to satisfaction of relevant conditions, if any such Earnout Shares are issued during the Earnout Period in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement. |
| (i) | if the VWAP of the Combined Company Common Stock equals or exceeds the Earnout Tier I Share Price Target for any twenty (20) Trading Days within any consecutive thirty (30) Trading Day period commencing at least 150 days after the Closing Date but prior to the expiration of the Earnout Period, then, subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, the Earnout Participants shall be entitled to receive Two Million (2,000,000) Earnout Shares; |
| (ii) | if the VWAP of the Combined Company Common Stock equals or exceeds the Earnout Tier II Share Price Target for any twenty (20) Trading Days within any consecutive thirty (30) Trading Day period commencing at least 150 days after the Closing Date but prior to the expiration of the Earnout Period, then, subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, the Earnout Participants shall be entitled to receive Two Million (2,000,000) Earnout Shares; and |
| (iii) | if the VWAP of Combined Company Common Stock equals or exceeds the Earnout Tier III Share Price Target for any twenty (20) Trading Days within any consecutive thirty (30) Trading Day period commencing at least 150 days after the Closing Date but prior to the expiration of the Earnout Period, then, subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, the Earnout Participants shall be entitled to receive Two Million (2,000,000) Earnout Shares. |
Earnout Tier |
Share Price Target |
VWAP Condition |
Earnout Shares |
|||||
Tier I |
$12.00 per share | VWAP ≥ $12.00 for 20 out of 30 consecutive Trading Days (commencing at least 150 days after Closing but prior to the end of the Earnout Period) | 2,000,000 | |||||
Tier II |
$15.00 per share | VWAP ≥ $15.00 for 20 out of 30 consecutive Trading Days (commencing at least 150 days after Closing but prior to the end of the Earnout Period) | 2,000,000 | |||||
Tier III |
$20.00 per share | VWAP ≥ $20.00 for 20 out of 30 consecutive Trading Days (commencing at least 150 days after Closing but prior to the end of the Earnout Period) | 2,000,000 | |||||
Total |
6,000,000 |
|||||||
Name |
PIPE Investment Amount |
|||
Michael Brown |
$ | 250,000 | ||
Alex Eu |
$ | 250,000 | ||
Kevin Shiiba |
$ | 250,000 | ||
Brian Gaebe |
$ | 125,000 | ||
Madhuri Kommareddi |
$ | 125,000 | ||
| • | The stockholders of Teamshares will have the greatest voting interest in the Combined Company; |
| • | The stockholders of Teamshares will have the ability to control decisions regarding election and removal of directors and officers of the Combined Company; |
| • | Teamshares will comprise the ongoing operations of the Combined Company; and |
| • | Teamshares’ existing senior management will be the senior management of the Combined Company. |
| • | Teamshares is the larger entity (relative to Live Oak) based on historical operating activity and its larger employee base. |
| • | Earnout Shares – Teamshares management is currently evaluating the accounting treatment related to the portion of the Earnout Shares attributed to Eligible Optionholders who satisfy the applicable eligibility criteria as of a Trigger Date. These are considered a separate unit of account from the Earnout Shares attributed to Teamshares Stockholders. For purposes of the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information, the company has preliminarily treated the portion of these Earnout Shares subject to continued service requirements as stock-based compensation and classified them as equity. However, the evaluation and finalization of accounting conclusions, including any related compensation expense, are ongoing and subject to change. |
| • | Live Oak Public Warrants and Private Warrants – Live Oak Public Warrants and Private Warrants are accounted for as equity instruments in the historical financial statements of Live Oak. Based on existing terms and no anticipated modifications, Teamshares management preliminarily expects that equity classification for the Public Warrants and Private Warrants will continue to be appropriate for the Combined Company warrants issued at Closing in respect of the Live Oak Public Warrants and Private Warrants; provided, that Teamshares management may continue to analyze this treatment, with final conclusions to be determined as described immediately below. |
| • | Contingent Payment to HBC - On December 23, 2025, certain subsidiaries of Teamshares entered into a secured term loan credit agreement with HBC Financing Partners Blocker LLC (“ HBC |
for term loan commitments in an aggregate principal amount of $30.3 million (“ HBC Credit Facility HBC Fees |
| • | Existing Teamshares Liquidation Preference Elections - The underlying calculations for the pro forma financial statements assume the Merger Consideration was allocated to existing stockholders of Teamshares based on the assumption that preferred stockholders of Company Series D Voting Preferred Stock, Company Series D-NV Preferred Stock, Company Series E Preferred Stock and Company Series E-NV Preferred Stock exercise their liquidation preference and the Series C preferred stockholders do not exercise their liquidation preference in accordance with the terms of the Liquidation Preference Election Notice and Waiver Documents. Liquidation Preference Electing Holders forfeit their allocation of Earnout Shares in respect of the shares relative to which Liquidation Preference Elections were made. If Liquidation Preference Elections are also made in respect of all of the outstanding shares of Company Series C Preferred Stock, this would decrease the liability for Teamshares Earnout Shares and increase Additional Paid-In Capital by $2.3 million within the Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet and increase Selling, General and Administrative Expenses by $1.8 million in the Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Income Statement. |
No Redemptions (1) |
Maximum Redemptions (1) |
|||||||||||||||
Equity Capitalization Summary |
Shares |
% |
Shares |
% |
||||||||||||
Former Live Oak Public Shareholders |
23,000,000 | 25.5 | % | — | 0.0 | % | ||||||||||
Sponsor (2) |
3,450,000 | 3.8 | % | 3,450,000 | 5.1 | % | ||||||||||
Initial PIPE Investors (4) |
13,750,000 | 15.3 | % | 13,750,000 | 20.5 | % | ||||||||||
Teamshares Stockholders (3) |
49,461,659 | 54.9 | % | 49,461,659 | 73.7 | % | ||||||||||
SAFE Investors (5) |
486,652 | 0.5 | % | 486,652 | 0.7 | % | ||||||||||
Total |
90,148,311 |
100.0 |
% |
67,148,311 |
100.0 |
% | ||||||||||
| (1) | Share ownership presented under each redemption scenario is presented for illustrative purposes. The number of Public Shares which may be redeemed in connection with the Closing cannot, as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, be predicted. As a result, the redemption amount and the number of Public Shares redeemed in connection with the Business Combination may differ from the amounts presented above. The illustrative pro forma ownership percentages of Combined Company shares held by former Public Shareholders may also differ from the presentation above if the actual redemptions are different from these assumptions. |
| (2) | Excludes (i) 1,150,000 Founder Post-Closing Restricted Shares, which are subject to vesting upon the occurrence of the Founder Share Tier I Share Price Target and Founder Share Tier II Share Price Target or upon the occurrence of a Qualifying Change of Control during the Founder Share Measurement Period; and (ii) 1,150,000 Incentive Founder Shares, which at the option of the Sponsor, in its sole discretion, may be used to incentivize commitments from investors in Financing Transactions, secure Trust Account non-redemption or backstop arrangements or otherwise provide support in connection with any financing transaction (inclusive of the SAFE Investor Founder Shares). |
| (3) | Represents shares in the Combined Company expected to be issued at Closing to Teamshares Stockholders in respect of outstanding Teamshares shares as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time, including, without limitation, any holders of Teamshares stock issued upon exchange or conversion of Company securities issued in Interim Period Financing Transactions, if any, and excludes Earnout Shares, as well as any Initial PIPE Shares issuable at the Closing to Teamshares Management PIPE Investors .The Stockholder Merger Consideration was allocated amongst the Teamshares Stockholders based on such holders’ Pro Rata Shares, assuming, among other assumptions, that, prior to the First Effective Time, holders of all of the outstanding shares of Company Series D Voting Preferred Stock, Company Series D-NV Preferred Stock, Company Series E Preferred Stock and Company Series E-NV Preferred Stock make Liquidation Preference Elections (and none of the holders of outstanding shares of Company Series C-1 Preferred Stock make such elections) and that, prior to the First Effective Time, an outstanding Company warrant to purchase 77,258 shares of Company common stock is exercised, resulting in the issuance, on a net exercise basis, of 49,174 shares of Company common stock prior to the First Effective Time. Liquidation Preference Electing Holders forfeit their allocation of Earnout Shares relative to shares in respect of which such elections are made. |
| (4) | Assumes consummation of the approximately $126.5 million Initial PIPE Investment transaction in accordance with the terms of the Initial PIPE Subscription Agreements and includes the issuance of |
| 13,750,000 shares of Combined Company Common Stock to the Initial PIPE Investors (including Teamshares Management PIPE Investors). |
| (5) | Pursuant to the terms of the Teamshares SAFEs, each of such SAFEs automatically converts at the Closing into shares of into the Combined Company Common Stock. |
Pro Forma Adjustments |
Pro Forma Combined |
Additional Pro Forma Adjustments |
Pro Forma Combined |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Live Oak (Historical) |
Teamshares (Historical) |
Assuming No Redemptions |
Assuming No Redemptions |
Assuming Maximum Redemptions |
Assuming Maximum Redemptions |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
1,329 | 40,246 | 310,134 | (A | ) | 351,709 | (232,140 | ) | (Q | ) | 119,569 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Due from Sponsor |
1 | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted Cash |
— | 13,426 | — | 13,426 | — | 13,426 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accounts Receivable, Net |
— | 21,354 | — | 21,354 | — | 21,354 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Inventories |
— | 46,405 | — | 46,405 | — | 46,405 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prepaid Expenses |
87 | 2,870 | — | 2,957 | — | 2,957 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Current Assets |
— | 3,052 | — | 3,052 | — | 3,052 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Current Assets |
1,417 |
127,353 |
— |
438,904 |
— |
206,764 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long Term Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted Cash |
— | 425 | — | 425 | — | 425 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net |
— | 30,043 | — | 30,043 | — | 30,043 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating Lease Right-Of-Use |
— | 93,586 | — | 93,586 | — | 93,586 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill, Net |
— | 244,743 | — | 244,743 | — | 244,743 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Internally Developed Software, Net |
— | 6,769 | — | 6,769 | — | 6,769 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trade Names, Net |
— | 11,598 | — | 11,598 | — | 11,598 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-Term Prepaid Insurance |
14 | — | — | 14 | — | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Assets |
— | 13,676 | (1,236 | ) | (M | ) | 12,440 | — | 12,440 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Marketable Securities Held in Trust Account |
239,042 | — | (239,042 | ) | (B | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Long-Term Assets |
239,056 |
400,840 |
— |
399,618 |
— |
399,618 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Assets |
240,473 |
528,193 |
— |
838,522 |
— |
606,382 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accounts Payable |
— | 22,586 | (2,879 | ) | (L | ) | 19,707 | — | 19,707 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued Expenses |
1,036 | 10,562 | (1,036 | ) | (C | ) | 10,562 | — | 10,562 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued Offering Costs |
75 | — | (75 | ) | (C | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred Revenue |
— | 10,051 | — | 10,051 | — | 10,051 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contingent Consideration |
— | 3,151 | — | 3,151 | — | 3,151 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-Term Debt and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt |
— | 200,147 | (30,252 | ) | (J | ) | 169,895 | — | 169,895 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Current Portion of Operating Lease Obligations |
— | 8,524 | — | 8,524 | — | 8,524 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Current Liabilities |
— | 9,893 | — | 9,893 | — | 9,893 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Current Liabilities |
1,111 |
264,914 |
— |
231,783 |
— |
231,783 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-Term Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Warrant Liability |
— | 2,922 | (2,922 | ) | (N | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Contingent Consideration |
— | 6,044 | — | 6,044 | — | 6,044 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-Term Debt, Net |
— | 91,399 | — | 91,399 | — | 91,399 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-Term Operating Lease Obligations |
— | 88,144 | — | 88,144 | — | 88,144 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Long-Term Liabilities |
— | 8,687 | (3,000 | ) | (O | ) | 5,687 | — | 5,687 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Teamshares Earnout Shares |
— | — | 41,158 | (I | ) | 41,158 | — | 41,158 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred Founder Shares |
— | — | 14,659 | (K | ) | 14,659 | — | 14,659 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred Advisory Fee |
6,900 | — | (6,900 | ) | (C | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred Underwriting Fee |
6,900 | — | (6,900 | ) | (C | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
PIPE Subscription Agreements Liability |
15,274 | — | (15,274 | ) | (R | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Long-Term Liabilities |
29,074 |
197,196 |
— |
247,091 |
— |
247,091 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Liabilities |
30,185 |
462,110 |
— |
478,874 |
— |
478,874 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests |
— | 2,451 | — | 2,451 | — | 2,451 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Live Oak Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption |
239,042 | — | (239,042 | ) | (D | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Stockholders’ Equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Teamshares Common Stock |
— | — | — | (P | ) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Teamshares Preferred Stock |
— | — | — | (P | ) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional Paid-In Capital |
— | 327,843 | 293,567 | (G | ) | 621,410 | (232,138 | ) | (Q | ) | 389,272 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated Deficit |
(28,755 | ) | (261,775 | ) | 28,744 | (H | ) | (261,786 | ) | — | (261,786 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
— | (128 | ) | — | (128 | ) | — | (128 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Live Oak Preference Shares |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares |
1 | — | (1 | ) | (E | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Company Common Stock |
— | — | 9 | (F | ) | 9 | (2 | ) | (Q | ) | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total Stockholders’ Equity |
(28,754 |
) |
65,940 |
— |
359,505 |
— |
127,365 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling Interests |
— | (2,308 | ) | — | (2,308 | ) | — | (2,308 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Equity |
(28,754 |
) |
63,632 |
— |
357,197 |
— |
125,057 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |
240,473 |
528,193 |
— |
838,522 |
— |
606,382 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma Adjustments |
Pro Forma Combined |
Additional Pro Forma Adjustments |
Pro Forma Combined |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Live Oak (Historical) |
Teamshares (Historical) |
Assuming No Redemptions |
Assuming No Redemptions |
Assuming Maximum Redemptions |
Assuming Maximum Redemptions |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
— | 471,567 | — | 471,567 | — | 471,567 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of Revenue |
— | 288,467 | — | 288,467 | — | 288,467 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Profit |
— |
183,100 |
— |
183,100 |
— |
183,100 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating Expenses (Income) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation |
— | 3,086 | — | 3,086 | — | 3,086 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization |
— | 5,907 | — | 5,907 | — | 5,907 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses |
2,214 | 191,421 | 5,607 | (AA | ) | 199,241 | — | 199,241 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill Impairment |
— | 19,412 | — | 19,412 | — | 19,412 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss (Gain) on Disposition of Assets |
— | (5,418 | ) | — | (5,418 | ) | — | (5,418 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Advisory Fee |
6,900 | — | — | 6,900 | — | 6,900 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Operating Expenses |
9,114 | 214,408 | — | 229,128 | — | 229,128 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss from Operations |
(9,114 |
) |
(31,308 |
) |
— |
(46,028 |
) |
— |
(46,028 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Operating Expenses (Income) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest Expense, Net |
— | 31,191 | — | 31,191 | — | 31,191 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest earned on marketable securities held in trust account |
(7,892 | ) | — | 7,892 | (BB | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss on Extinguishment of Debt |
— | 4,642 | — | 4,642 | — | 4,642 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability |
— | (3,956 | ) | 3,956 | (CC | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration |
— | 1,326 | — | 1,326 | — | 1,326 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Non-Operating (Income) Expenses |
— | 1,284 | — | 1,284 | — | 1,284 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial loss on PIPE Subscription Agreements liability |
15,582 | — | (15,582 | ) | (DD | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of PIPE Subscription Agreements liability |
(308 | ) | — | 308 | (DD | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Non-Operating Expenses |
7,382 |
34,487 |
— |
38,443 |
— |
38,443 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss Before Income Taxes |
(16,495 |
) |
(65,795 |
) |
— |
(84,471 |
) |
— |
(84,471 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Income Tax Expense |
562 | — | 562 | — | 562 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Loss |
(16,495 |
) |
(66,357 |
) |
— |
(85,033 |
) |
— |
(85,033 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |
— | (439 | ) | — | (439 | ) | — | (439 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Loss Attributable to the Combined Company |
— |
(65,918 |
) |
— |
(84,594 |
) |
— |
(84,594 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(16,495 |
) |
(65,670 |
) |
— |
(84,346 |
) |
— |
(84,346 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders, Basic and Diluted |
(0.05 | ) | (56.46 | ) | — | (0.94 | ) | — | (1.26 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
1. |
Basis of Presentation |
| • | Teamshares will be treated as the accounting acquirer; and |
| • | Live Oak will be treated as the acquired company for financial reporting purposes. |
2. |
Adjustments to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information |
| (A) | Represents pro forma adjustments to cash to reflect the following: |
Investment held in trust account (1) |
239,042 | |||
Proceeds from Initial PIPE Subscription Agreements (2) |
126,500 | |||
Payment of accrued transaction costs (3) |
(26,256 | ) | ||
Repayment of the bridge loan financing (4) |
(30,252 | ) | ||
Proceeds from Teamshares SAFEs subsequent to December 31, 2025 |
1,100 | |||
Total |
310,134 |
| (1) | Reflects the reclassification of cash equivalents held in the trust account inclusive of accrued interest and to reflect that the cash equivalents are available to effectuate the Business Combination or to pay redeeming Live Oak shareholders. |
| (2) | Reflects the proceeds of approximately $126.5 million from the issuance and sale of 13,750,000 shares of Combined Company Common Stock at $9.20 per share in the Initial PIPE Investment transaction pursuant to the Initial PIPE Subscription Agreements. |
| (3) | Reflects the payment of $14.9 million of transaction costs accrued by Live Oak, which includes of $6.9 million of deferred underwriter fees and $6.9 million of deferred advisory fees, and $2.9 million transaction costs accrued by Teamshares as of December 31, 2025, and the payment estimated transaction costs of $5.2 million incurred or expected to be incurred by Live Oak through the Closing Date, which includes $3.8 million of PIPE placement agent fees, and $3.3 million incurred or expected to be incurred by Teamshares are assumed to be settled in cash prior to or upon the Closing. |
| (4) | Reflects the repayment of $30.3 million in connection with the maturity of the HBC Credit Facility which will be paid upon the Closing. |
| (B) | Reflects the reclassification of approximately $239.0 million of cash and investments held in the trust account as of December 31, 2025 that becomes available following the Business Combination, assuming no redemptions. |
| (C) | Reflects the payment of $6.9 million of deferred underwriter fees, $6.9 million of deferred advisory fees incurred during the Live Oak initial public offering due upon completion of the Business Combination, and $1.1 million of other acquisiti o n-related transaction costs that were accrued by Live Oak as of December 31, 2025. |
| (D) | Reflects the reclassification of $239.0 million of Live Oak public shares, subject to possible redem p tion, from mezzanine equity to permanent equity, assuming no redemptions. The unaudited pro forma condensed |
| balance sheet reflects the reclassification with a corresponding increase of $239.0 million to additional paid in-capital and an increase of an immaterial amount to Combined Company Common Stock. |
| (E) | Reflects the conversion of Live Oak Class B Common Stock to (i) first, Live Oak Class B Common Stock as contemplated by the Interim Charter at a one-to-one ratio basis, and (ii) Combined Company Common Stock at the Closing pursuant to terms of the Merger Agreement. |
| (F) | Represents pro forma adjustments to Combined Company Common Stock balance to reflect the following: |
Issuance of Combined Company Common Stock from Initial PIPE financing per Initial PIPE Subscription Agreements |
1 | |||
Recapitalization of Teamshares preferred stock and common stock to Combined Company Common Stock |
5 | |||
Issuance of Combined Company Common Stock from exercised Teamshares Warrants |
— | |||
Issuance of Combined Company Common Stock from conversion of Teamshares SAFEs |
— | |||
Reclassification of Live Oak public shares subject to redemption, assuming no redemption, to permanent equity |
2 | |||
Conversion of Live Oak Class B ordinary shares (which will be converted into Live Oak Class B Common Stock pursuant to the Domestication and subsequently converted into Combined Company Common Stock pursuant to the Interim Charter) to Combined Company Common Stock in connection with the Business Combination |
— | |||
Total |
9 |
| (G) | Represents pro forma adjustments to additional paid-in capital balance to reflect the following: |
Reclassification of Live Oak public shares subject to redemption, assuming no redemptions, to permanent equity, and increase in par value of common stock |
239,040 | |||
Issuance of Combined Company Common Stock from Initial PIPE financing per Initial PIPE Subscription Agreements |
126,499 | |||
Recapitalization of Teamshares preferred stock and common stock to Combined Company Common Stock |
(5 | ) | ||
Issuance of Combined Company Common Stock from exercised Teamshares Warrants |
2,232 | |||
Issuance of Combined Company Common Stock from conversion of Teamshares SAFEs |
4,100 | |||
Conversion of Live Oak Class B ordinary shares (which will be converted into Live Oak Class B Common Stock pursuant to the Domestication and subsequently converted into Combined Company Common Stock in connection with the Closing) to Combined Company Common Stock in connection with the Business Combination |
— | |||
Record offset for contingent consideration liability for Earnout Shares |
(41,158 | ) | ||
Record offset for contingent consideration liability for Deferred Founder Shares |
(14,659 | ) | ||
Reduction in APIC related to transaction costs directly attributable to the offering incurred or expected to be incurred by Teamshares (1) |
(3,847 | ) | ||
Reduction in APIC related to estimated costs directly attributable to the offering to be incurred by Live Oak after December 31, 2025 (2) |
(5,155 | ) | ||
Elimination of Live Oak’s historical accumulated deficit, adjusted for the elimination of gains and losses on Live Oak’s PIPE Subscription Agreements liability |
(13,481 | ) | ||
Total |
293,567 |
| (1) | Certain Teamshares transaction costs are reflected in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as a direct reduction to combined company’s additional paid-in capital as the transaction costs are directly attributable to issuance of equity-classified instruments. Management evaluated the nature of all transaction-related costs in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5.A and ASC 340-10-S99-1. Approximately $1.2 million of specific incremental costs directly attributable to the transaction were incurred during the year-ended 2025. Approximately $2.6 million of specific incremental costs directly attributable to the transaction are expected to be incurred after December 31, 2025 through the Closing Date. |
| (2) | Certain Live Oak transaction costs are reflected in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as a direct reduction to combined company’s additional paid-in capital as the transaction costs are directly attributable to issuance of equity-classified instruments. Management evaluated the nature of all transaction-related costs in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5.A and ASC 340-10-S99-1. Approximately $5.1 million of specific incremental costs directly attributable to the transaction are expected to be incurred after December 31, 2025, through the Closing Date. Additionally, less than $0.1 million of costs that are not directly attributed to the issuance of equity-classified instruments are included in this balance, as they would be charged to accumulated deficit of Live Oak and concurrently eliminated to additional paid-in capital. |
| (H) | Represents pro forma adjustments to the accumulated deficit balance to reflect the following: |
Accumulated Deficit |
||||
Elimination of Live Oak’s historical accumulated deficit (1) |
28,755 | |||
Changes in accumulated deficit to reflect the gain on fair value of warrants due to the extinguishment of certain Teamshares warrants |
689 | |||
Changes in accumulated deficit for estimated acquisition-related transaction expenses incurred or expected to be incurred by Teamshares that are not direct incremental costs attributable to the offering |
(700 | ) | ||
Total |
28, 744 |
| (1) | Represents the elimination of Live Oak’s accumulated deficit, in connection with the reverse recapitalization including the adjustment for accrued transaction expenses. |
| (I) | Reflects the contingent consideration liability for the earnout shares for the eligible earnout participants. |
| (J) | Reflects the repayment by Teamshares of amounts outstanding under the HBC Facility concurrent with the Mergers (assuming aggregate estimated principal and interest of $30.3 million) is due at such time. |
| (K) | Reflects the deferred liability for Deferred Founder Shares. |
| (L) | Reflects payment of $2.9 million of accounts payable related to accrued transaction costs incurred by Teamshares prior to December 31, 2025. |
| (M) | Reflects the reclassification of $1.2 million of transaction costs that were incurred in 2025 by Teamshares that are directly attributable to the offering. These costs were recorded in Other Assets as of December 31, 2025. |
| (N) | Reflects the removal of warrant liability related to Teamshares warrants as a result of the transaction. Reflects assumption that $2.2 million of outstanding Teamshares warrants are exercised prior to the First Effective Time and $0.7 million of warrants are extinguished as they were not exercised by the holders by the Closing. |
| (O) | Reflects the conversion of $3.0 million of liabilities related to Teamshares SAFEs that Teamshares entered into with unaffiliated investors. Pursuant to the terms of the SAFEs, the instruments will automatically convert into shares of the Combined Company immediately upon consummation of the Business Combination. |
| (P) | Reflects the conversion of Teamshares’ Common Stock and Preferred Stock Par Value that will be exchanged in the Transaction for Combined Company Shares. |
| (Q) | Reflects the maximum payment that could be made to redeeming Live Oak public shareholders, which effectively excludes the portion held by the Sponsor, as the Sponsor and Live Oak directors and officers party to the Insider Letter waived redemption rights in respect to the Sponsor Shares. The maximum amount of redemptions assumed is 23,000,000 shares at a price of $10.39 per share (based on an estimated $239.0 million in the Trust Account as of December 31, 2025), inclusive of the redeeming shares’ pro rata allocation of the accrued interest in the trust account. A portion of the transaction costs are variable based on the level of redemptions, which range from $0 in the Maximum Redemption scenario to $6.9 million in the No Redemption Scenario. This results in a reduction in cash paid at the Closing by $6.9 million with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital. |
Adjustment assuming maximum redemptions in the trust |
(239,040 | ) | ||
Adjustment for underwriting fee |
6,900 | |||
Cash Adjustment for Max Redemptions |
(232,140 |
) | ||
Combined Company Common Stock Adjustment |
(2 |
) | ||
Adjustment assuming maximum redemptions in the trust |
(239,040 | ) | ||
Adjustment for underwriting fee |
6,900 | |||
Additional Paid-In Capital Adjustment |
(232,138 |
) |
| (R) | Reflects the removal of the Initial PIPE Subscription Agreements liability that is recorded by Live Oak. The Initial PIPE Investment is expected to close concurrently with the consummation of the Business Combination. |
| (AA) | Represents pro forma adjustments related to selling, general, and administrative expense as follows: |
Additional transaction costs not yet incurred by Teamshares |
700 | |||
Additional transaction costs not yet incurred by Live Oak |
85 | |||
Stock-based compensation expense related to the earnout shares allocated to eligible optionholders |
4,822 | |||
Total |
5,607 |
| (BB) | Represents pro forma adjustment to eliminate interest income related to the investment held in the Trust Account. |
| (CC) | Reflects the elimination of remeasurement gains and losses on Teamshares warrant liability. |
| (DD) | Reflects the elimination of gains and losses on Live Oak’s Initial PIPE Subscription Agreements liability |
Year Ended on December 31, 2025 |
||||||||
Pro Forma Combined (Assuming No Redemptions) |
Pro Forma Combined (Assuming Maximum Redemptions) |
|||||||
Pro Forma Net Loss Attributable to the Combined Company |
$ | (84,594 | ) | $ | (84,594 | ) | ||
Rollover Shares Adjustment (1) |
$ | 248 | $ | 248 | ||||
Pro Forma Net Loss Attributable to the Common Shareholders |
$ | (84,346 | ) | $ | (84,346 | ) | ||
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding |
90,148,311 | 67,148,311 | ||||||
Pro Forma Net Loss Per Share - Basic and Diluted (2) (3) |
$ | (0.94 | ) | $ | (1.26 | ) | ||
Basic W eighted A verage S hares O utstanding |
90,148,311 |
67,148,311 |
||||||
Live Oak public shareholders |
23,000,000 | — | ||||||
PIPE Investors |
13,750,000 | 13,750,000 | ||||||
Sponsor |
3,450,000 | 3,450,000 | ||||||
Teamshares Stockholders |
49,461,659 | 49,461,659 | ||||||
SAFE Investors |
486,652 | 486,652 | ||||||
| (1) | During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, Teamshares repurchased certain Rollover Shares. The difference between the carrying value and the repurchase value on the repurchase date has been included as an adjustment to Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders. See Note 4, “Business Combinations” to the Teamshares Inc. audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for further discussion of Rollover Shares. |
| (2) | The per share pro forma net loss per share excludes the impact of outstanding and unexercised warrants and options, as the inclusion of these instruments was anti-dilutive. |
| (3) | The per share pro forma net loss per share excludes the impact of the Earnout Shares and the Deferred Founder Shares, as the vesting conditions for these shares have not been met. Additionally, the inclusion of these shares would have been anti-dilutive if the vesting conditions had been met. |
| • | historical per share information of Live Oak for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the period from November 27, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2024; |
| • | historical per share information of Teamshares for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024; and |
| • | unaudited pro forma per share information of Combined Company for the year ended December 31, 2025 after giving effect to the Business Combination and PIPE Investment, assuming two redemption scenarios as follows: |
| • | No Redemption Scenario: |
| • | Maximum Redemption Scenario: |
| Historical | Pro forma | |||||||||||||||||||
| Live Oak | Teamshares | No Redemption Scenario |
Maximum Redemption Scenario |
|||||||||||||||||
| Class A Ordinary Shares |
Class B Ordinary Shares |
|||||||||||||||||||
As of and for the Year ended December 31, 2025 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Book value per share - basic and diluted(1) |
$ | (0.54 | ) | $ | (0.54 | ) | $ | 54.71 | $ | 3.96 | $ | 1.86 | ||||||||
Net loss per share - basic and diluted (2) |
$ | (0.05 | ) | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | (56.46 | ) | $ | (0.94 | ) | $ | (1.26 | ) | |||||
| Historical | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Live Oak | Teamshares | |||||||||||||||||||
As of and for the Year ended December 31, 2024 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss per share - basic and diluted (2) |
$ | (0.00 | ) | $ | (71.97 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| (1) | Book value per share is calculated as total equity divided by: |
| • | Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares outstanding at December 31, 2025 for Live Oak; |
| • | Common shares outstanding at December 31, 2025 for Teamshares; |
| • | Common shares outstanding at December 31, 2025 for the pro forma information. |
| (2) | Net loss per share is based on |
| • | Weighted average number of Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2025, and weighted average number of Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2024 for Live Oak. Live Oak did not have any Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding as of December 31, 2024; |
| • | Weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 for Teamshares; |
| • | Weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2025 for the pro forma information. |
| • | The Business Combination Proposal. A copy of the Merger Agreement is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A |
| • | The Domestication Proposal. A copy of the Interim Charter is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex B |
| • | The Charter Proposal. The form of Proposed Charter to become effective in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex C. Annex D . |
| • | The Organizational Documents Proposals. The form of the Proposed Charter containing the advisory amendments to become effective upon consummation of the Business Combination are listed here. |
| • | The Incentive Plan Proposal. The form of the Incentive Plan to be used by the Combined Company from and after the Closing of the Business Combination is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex E |
| • | The Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal. The form of the ESPP to be used by the Combined Company from and after the Closing of the Business Combination is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex F |
| • | The Nasdaq Proposal. |
| • | The Director Election Proposal. |
| • | The Insider Letter Amendments Proposal. The Insider Letter Amendments are attached to this proxy/prospectus as Annex G |
| • | The Adjournment Proposal, if presented at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. |
| • | that if the Business Combination or another Live Oak initial business combination is not consummated by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), Live Oak will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up. In such event, the 5,750,000 Class B Ordinary Shares, also referred to as the Sponsor Shares (which will be converted into Live Oak Class B Common Stock pursuant to the Domestication and will subsequently be converted into Combined Company Common Stock in connection with the Closing in accordance with the Interim Charter) held by the Sponsor (or any permitted distributees thereof, as applicable) will be worthless because the holders thereof entered into an agreement waiving entitlement to participate in any redemption or liquidating distributions with respect to such shares. Neither the Sponsor nor any other person received any compensation in exchange for this agreement to waive redemption and liquidation rights. Pursuant to terms of the Insider Letter, the Sponsor Shares (including the corresponding Combined Company securities, after the Closing) are subject to a lock-up whereby, subject to certain limited exceptions, the Sponsor Shares are not transferable until the earlier of (A) one year after the completion of Live Oak’s initial business combination or (B) subsequent to Live Oak’s initial business combination, the date on which the Combined Company consummates a transaction which results in all of its shareholders having the right to exchange their shares for cash, securities or other properties; provided, however, that if the Insider Letter Amendment Proposal is approved by Live Oak shareholders when presented at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, the foregoing lock-up terms will be amended as set forth in such proposal, upon the effectiveness of the Insider Letter Amendments at the Closing. (The Sponsor may, on or before the Closing of the Business Combination, distribute some or all of the Live Oak Securities held by it and any such distributed Sponsor Shares may be released from lock-up restrictions in connection with applicable stock exchange listing requirements.) In this regard, while the Sponsor Shares are not the same as the Class A Ordinary Shares, are subject to certain restrictions that are not applicable to the Class A Ordinary Shares, and may become worthless if Live Oak does not complete a business combination by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), the aggregate value of the 5,750,000 Sponsor Shares owned by the Sponsor is estimated to be approximately $59.3 million, assuming the per share value of the Sponsor Shares is the same as the $10.32 closing price of the Class A Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq on February 11, 2026; |
| • | a member of the Sponsor with a 1.9% indirect interest in Live Oak’s founder shares has subscribed to purchase Live Oak shares pursuant to an Initial PIPE Investment Subscription Agreement for a purchase price of $9.20 per share, which is a lesser amount than the $10.00 at which Live Oak Units were purchased by Live Oak public shareholders in the Live Oak IPO (such member’s investment in the Initial PIPE Investment equaling less than 0.5% of the overall Initial PIPE Investment); |
| • | that if the Business Combination or another Live Oak initial business combination is not consummated by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), Live Oak will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up. In such event, the 4,500,000 Private Warrants held by the Sponsor (or any permitted distributees thereof, as applicable) will expire worthless. The Sponsor purchased the Private Warrants at an aggregate purchase price of $4,500,000, or $1.00 per warrant, with each whole Private Warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share for $11.50 per share, in the Private Placement consummated simultaneously with the IPO. Pursuant to the terms of the Insider Letter, the Private Warrants and all of their |
underlying securities, are also subject to lock-up restrictions whereby, subject to certain limited exceptions, the Private Warrants will not be sold or transferred until 30 days after Live Oak has completed a business combination (though the Sponsor is not prohibited from distributing Private Warrants out of the Sponsor in accordance with the Sponsor governing documents on or before the Closing of the Business Combination, which the Sponsor may determine to do, in its sole discretion). In this regard, while the Private Warrants are not the same as the Public Warrants, the aggregate value of the 4,500,000 Private Warrants held by the Sponsor is estimated to be approximately $7.6 million, assuming the per warrant value of the Private Warrant is the same as the $1.70 closing price of the Public Warrants on the Nasdaq on February 11, 2026; |
| • | that if the proposed Business Combination is consummated, immediately after the Closing the Sponsor (or, to the extent applicable, distributees of Sponsor Shares in the aggregate, if the Sponsor, in its discretion, determines to make such a distribution in accordance with the terms of the Sponsor governing documents) is anticipated to hold [ ]% of the outstanding shares of Combined Company Common Stock, based on the assumptions set forth in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “ Share Calculations and Ownership Percentages Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information Beneficial Ownership of Securities |
| • | that, based on the difference in the effective purchase price of $0.004 per share paid for the Class B Ordinary Shares, and $1.00 per warrant paid for the Private Warrants, as compared to the purchase price of $10.00 per Unit sold in the IPO, the Sponsor and its members may earn a positive rate of return even if the share price of Combined Company Common Stock after the Closing falls below the price initially paid for the Units in the IPO and the unredeeming unaffiliated Public Shareholders experience a negative rate of return following the Closing of the Business Combination; |
| • | that if, prior to the Closing, the Sponsor provides working capital loans to Live Oak, up to $1,500,000 of such working capital loans may be convertible into newly-issued Live Oak warrants with terms equivalent to existing Private Warrants at the option of the Sponsor, such loans may not be repaid if no business combination is consummated and Live Oak is forced to liquidate; provided, however, that, as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, there are no such working capital loans outstanding; |
| • | that unless Live Oak consummates an initial business combination, it is possible that Live Oak’s officers, directors and the Sponsor may not receive reimbursement for out-of-pocket out-of-pocket |
| • | that if the Trust Account is liquidated, including in the event Live Oak is unable to complete an initial business combination by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), the Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to Live Oak, if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to Live Oak or a prospective target business with which Live Oak has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or similar agreement or business combination agreement (except for Live Oak’s independent registered public accounting firm), reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below the lesser of (i) $[ ] per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $[ ] per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, net of taxes payable, provided, however, that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business that executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies |
held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable), nor will it apply to any claims under Live Oak’s indemnity of the underwriters of the IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act; |
| • | that the Sponsor and Live Oak’s officers and directors may benefit from the completion of a business combination and may be incentivized to complete an acquisition of a less favorable target company or on terms less favorable to shareholders rather than liquidate; |
| • | that, under the terms of the Administrative Services Agreement, Live Oak Merchant Partners, an affiliate of the Sponsor, is entitled to $17,500 per month for office space, secretarial and administrative support services until the earlier of the completion of Live Oak’s initial business combination or its liquidation; |
| • | that Live Oak’s directors and officers will be eligible for continued indemnification and continued coverage under directors’ and officers’ liability insurance after the Business Combination and pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement; and |
| • | that the Sponsor has invested an aggregate of $4,525,000 (consisting of $25,000 for the Sponsor Shares and $4,500,000 for the Private Warrants), which means that the Sponsor, following the Merger, if consummated, may experience a positive rate of return on such investments, even if other Live Oak shareholders experience a negative rate of return on their investment. |
| • | that pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the IPO Underwriter may receive deferred underwriting fees in an amount equal to up to $0.30 per Unit issued in the IPO, or $6,900,000, which fees are payable only if Live Oak completes an initial business combination, provided that such deferred amount is subject to pro rata reduction based on the extent of redemptions that reduce the amount of the Trust Account at or prior to the time of Live Oak’s consummation of the initial business combination and will otherwise be allocated to members of FINRA who have assisted in the consummation of the initial business combination, at the discretion of the Sponsor; |
| • | that pursuant to the terms of the Deferred Advisory Fee Agreement, Santander is entitled to receive cash fees, which amount is payable solely upon consummation by Live Oak of an initial business combination; |
| • | that pursuant to the terms of the Placement Agent Agreement with Live Oak, Santander, in its capacity as placement agent, is entitled to receive cash fees equal to 3.00% of the gross proceeds from PIPE Investors, subject to certain exclusions, and reimbursement for certain expenses associated with Santander’s services as placement agent, subject to and contingent upon the consummation of the PIPE Investment; |
| • | that pursuant to the terms of the Teamshares-Santander Advisory and Placement Agent Agreement, Santander is entitled to up to approximately $11 million, subject to adjustment based on (A) redemptions and (B) fees received pursuant to the Deferred Advisory Fee Agreement, Underwriting Agreement and Placement Agent Agreement (“Teamshares Placement Agent Fee”). |
| 1. | Vote by internet . |
| • | Before the meeting : Go online to www.cstproxyvote.com |
the record holder of your shares with instructions on how to vote your shares or obtain a proxy from the record holder of your shares allowing you to submit a proxy via the internet with respect thereto. |
| • | During the meeting : Go online to www.cstproxy.com/[ ] . |
| 2. | Vote by mail . Mark, date, sign and mail promptly the enclosed proxy card (a postage-paid envelope is provided for mailing in the United States). By signing the proxy card and returning it in the enclosed prepaid and addressed envelope, you are authorizing the individuals named on the proxy card to vote your shares at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting in the manner you indicate. You are encouraged to sign and return the proxy card even if you plan to attend the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting so that your shares will be voted if you are unable to attend the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. If you receive more than one proxy card, it is an indication that your shares are held in multiple accounts. Please sign and return all proxy cards to ensure that all of your shares are voted. If you hold your shares in “street name” through a bank, broker or other nominee, you will need to follow the instructions provided to you by your bank, broker or other nominee to ensure that your shares are represented and voted at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. If you sign and return the proxy card but do not give instructions on how to vote your shares, your Live Oak Ordinary Shares will be voted as recommended by our Board. Our Board recommends voting “FOR |
| • | submitting a valid, later-dated proxy card or proxy via the internet or by telephone before 11:59 p.m., Eastern Time, on the calendar day immediately preceding the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, or by mail that is received prior to the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting; |
| • | sending a written revocation of a proxy to Live Oak’s secretary at 4921 William Arnold Road, Memphis, TN 38117, that bears a date later than the date of the proxy you want to revoke and is received prior to the date of the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting; or |
| • | attending the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting (or, if the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting is adjourned or postponed, attending the applicable adjourned or postponed meeting) and voting in person online, which automatically will cancel any proxy previously given, or revoking your proxy in person online, but your attendance alone will not revoke any proxy previously given. |
| • | prior to 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on [ ], 2026 (two (2) business days before the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting), tender your shares physically or electronically using The Depository Trust Company’s DWAC system and submit a request in writing that your Public Shares be redeemed for cash to CST, Live Oak’s transfer agent, at the following address: |
| • | In your request to CST for redemption, you must also affirmatively certify if you “ ARE ARE NOT Section 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) with any other shareholder with respect to Live Oak Ordinary Shares; and |
| • | deliver your Public Shares either physically or electronically through DTC to Live Oak’s transfer agent at least two (2) business days before the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. Public Shareholders seeking to exercise redemption rights and opting to deliver physical certificates should allot sufficient time to obtain physical certificates from the transfer agent and time to effect delivery. It is Live Oak’s understanding that shareholders should generally allot at least two weeks to obtain physical certificates from the transfer agent. However, Live Oak does not have any control over this process, and it may take longer than two weeks. Shareholders who hold their Public Shares in “street name” will have to coordinate with their bank, broker or other nominee to have the shares certificated or delivered electronically. If you do not submit a written request and deliver your Public Shares as described above, your shares will not be redeemed. |
| • | All of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Teamshares as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time shall automatically be cancelled and cease to exist, in exchange for the rights of (A) each eligible Teamshares Stockholder to receive its pro rata share of the Stockholder Merger Consideration (after giving effect to Liquidation Preference Elections by applicable holders of Teamshares preferred stock and, thereafter, giving effect to the Company Preferred Stock Exchange or otherwise treating shares of Company Preferred Stock on an as-converted to Company Common Stock basis, but excluding treasury stock owned by Teamshares or a direct or indirect subsidiary) and (B) each Earnout Participant to receive certain Earnout Shares, if any are issued in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement; and |
| • | All outstanding “in-the-money” options (options with exercise prices less than the Per Share Price determined as of the Closing, as further described below) to purchase shares of Teamshares common stock as of immediately prior to the First Effective Time shall be assumed by the Combined Company and replaced with Assumed Options, subject to equitable adjustments to the exercise prices and number of shares for which such Assumed Options are exercisable, all upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement and in accordance with applicable law; and |
| • | All Teamshares warrants, convertible debt, “out-of the-money” options and other convertible securities outstanding and not exercised or converted prior to the First Effective Time will be terminated and will not receive any consideration. |
| • | Under the Merger Agreement, a Teamshares option (a “Company Option”) will be considered “in-the-money” if its per-share exercise price is less than the “Per Share Price.” The Per Share Price is calculated as follows: |
| • | The aggregate amount of the Merger Consideration deliverable to Teamshares security holders at the Closing (in the form of newly-issued Combined Company shares and Assumed Vested Options) under the terms of the Merger Agreement is equal to the sum of (i) $525.0 million plus (ii) the aggregate amount of Interim Period Financing Transactions, if any, that convert into Teamshares common stock prior to the First Effective Time. “Fully-Diluted Company Shares” represents, as of immediately prior to the Closing, the total number of issued and outstanding shares of Company Common Stock as of immediately prior to the Closing, (a) after giving effect Liquidation Preference Elections by applicable Liquidation Preference Electing Holders and, thereafter, giving effect to the Company Preferred Stock Exchange or otherwise treating shares of Company Preferred Stock on an as converted to Company Common Stock basis; (b) net shares issuable upon settlement of vested in-the-money Company Options using the treasury method of accounting; and (c) as-converted shares from Company Convertible Securities (other than Company Options), determined using the treasury method of accounting (but excluding any Teamshares shares held as treasury stock). |
| • | The shares of Combined Company Common Stock representing the Stockholder Merger Consideration will be determined by deducting the Assumed Vested Options from the total Merger Consideration. |
| • | As of March 1, 2026, there were 1,415,057 Teamshares Options outstanding, of which 1,415,057 are expected to be in-the-money at the Closing (based on the estimated Per Share Price calculated using the assumptions described above). This reflects an increase from the 1,359,850 Teamshares Options that were outstanding as of December 31, 2025, as a result of additional options granted by the Company following year-end. The actual number of Assumed Options will be determined at the Closing and will depend on the Fully-Diluted Company Shares. |
| • | Upon the achievement of the Tier I Share Price Target, 50% of the Founder Post-Closing Restricted Shares will vest and no longer be subject to forfeiture. |
| • | Upon the achievement of the Tier II Share Price Target, 50% of the Founder Post-Closing Restricted Shares will vest and no longer be subject to forfeiture. |
Name |
Age |
Position | ||||
Executive Officers |
||||||
| Michael Brown | 42 | Chief Executive Officer, Director | ||||
| Brian Gaebe | 42 | Chief Financial Officer | ||||
| Madhuri Kommareddi | 43 | Chief Operating Officer | ||||
| Alex Eu | 38 | President, Director | ||||
| Kevin Shiiba | 37 | Chief Technology Officer | ||||
Non-Employee Directors |
||||||
| Richard J. Hendrix | 59 | Independent Director | ||||
| Adam Fishman | 45 | Independent Director | ||||
| Evan Moore | 41 | Independent Director | ||||
| • | that if the Business Combination or another Live Oak initial business combination is not consummated by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), Live Oak will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up. In such event, the 5,750,000 Class B Ordinary Shares, also referred to as the Sponsor Shares (which will be converted into Live Oak Class B Common Stock pursuant to the Domestication and will convert into Combined Company Common Stock in connection with the Closing in accordance with the Interim Charter) held by the Sponsor (or any permitted distributees thereof, as applicable) will be worthless because the holders thereof entered into an agreement waiving entitlement to participate in any redemption or liquidating distributions with respect to such shares. Neither the Sponsor nor any other person received any compensation in exchange for this agreement to waive redemption and liquidation rights. Pursuant to terms of the Insider Letter, the Sponsor Shares (including the corresponding Combined Company securities, after the Closing) are subject to a lock-up whereby, subject to certain limited exceptions, the Sponsor Shares are not transferable until the earlier of (A) one year after the completion of Live Oak’s initial business combination or (B) subsequent to Live Oak’s initial business combination, the date on which the Combined Company consummates a transaction which results in all of its shareholders having the right to exchange their shares for cash, securities or other properties; provided, however, that if the Insider Letter Amendment Proposal is approved by Live Oak shareholders when presented at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, the foregoing lock-up terms will be amended as set forth in such proposal, upon the effectiveness of the Insider Letter Amendments at the Closing. (The Sponsor may, on or before the Closing of the Business Combination, distribute some or all of the Live Oak Securities held by it and any such distributed Sponsor Shares may be released from lock-up restrictions in connection with applicable stock exchange listing requirements.) In this regard, while the Sponsor Shares are not the same as the Class A Ordinary Shares, are subject to certain restrictions that are not applicable to the Class A Ordinary Shares, and may become worthless if Live Oak does not complete a business combination by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), the aggregate value of the 5,750,000 Sponsor Shares owned by the Sponsor is estimated to be approximately $59.3 million, assuming the per share value of the Sponsor Shares is the same as the $10.32 closing price of the Class A Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq on February 11, 2026; |
| • | a member of the Sponsor with a 1.9% indirect interest in Live Oak’s founder shares has subscribed to purchase Live Oak shares pursuant to an Initial PIPE Investment Subscription Agreement for a purchase price of $9.20 per share, which is a lesser amount than the $10.00 at which Live Oak Units were purchased by Live Oak public shareholders in the Live Oak IPO (such member’s investment in the Initial PIPE Investment equaling less than 0.5% of the overall Initial PIPE Investment); |
| • | that if the Business Combination or another Live Oak initial business combination is not consummated by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), Live Oak will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up. In such event, the 4,500,000 Private Warrants held by the Sponsor (or any permitted distributees thereof, as applicable) will expire worthless. The Sponsor purchased the Private Warrants at an aggregate purchase price of $4,500,000, or $1.00 per warrant, with each whole Private Warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share for $11.50 per share, in the Private Placement consummated simultaneously with the IPO. Pursuant to the terms of the Insider Letter, the Private Warrants and all of their underlying securities, are also subject to lock-up restrictions whereby, subject to certain limited exceptions, the Private Warrants will not be sold or transferred until 30 days after Live Oak has completed a business combination (though the Sponsor is not prohibited from distributing Private Warrants out of the Sponsor in accordance with the Sponsor governing documents on or before the Closing of the Business Combination, which the Sponsor may determine to do, in its sole discretion). In this regard, while the Private Warrants are not the same as the Public Warrants, the aggregate value of the 4,500,000 Private Warrants held by the Sponsor is estimated to be approximately $7.6 million, assuming the per warrant value of the Private Warrant is the same as the $1.70 closing price of the Public Warrants on the Nasdaq on February 11, 2026; |
| • | that if the proposed Business Combination is consummated, immediately after the Closing the Sponsor (or, to the extent applicable, distributees of Sponsor Shares in the aggregate, if the Sponsor, in its discretion, determines to make such a distribution in accordance with the terms of the Sponsor governing documents) is anticipated to hold [ ]% of the outstanding shares of Combined Company Common Stock, based on the assumptions set forth in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “ Share Calculations and Ownership Percentages Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information Beneficial Ownership of Securities |
| • | that, based on the difference in the effective purchase price of $0.004 per share paid for the Class B Ordinary Shares, and $1.00 per warrant paid for the Private Warrants, as compared to the purchase price of $10.00 per Unit sold in the IPO, the Sponsor and its members may earn a positive rate of return even if the share price of Combined Company Common Stock after the Closing falls below the price initially paid for the Units in the IPO and the unredeeming unaffiliated Public Shareholders experience a negative rate of return following the Closing of the Business Combination; |
| • | that if, prior to the Closing, the Sponsor provides working capital loans to Live Oak, up to $1,500,000 of such working capital loans may be convertible into newly-issued Live Oak warrants with terms equivalent to existing Private Warrants at the option of the Sponsor, such loans may not be repaid if no business combination is consummated and Live Oak is forced to liquidate; provided, however, that, as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, there are no such working capital loans outstanding; |
| • | that unless Live Oak consummates an initial business combination, it is possible that Live Oak’s officers, directors and the Sponsor may not receive reimbursement for out-of-pocket |
| officers and directors have not incurred (nor are any of them expecting to incur) out-of-pocket |
• |
that if the Trust Account is liquidated, including in the event Live Oak is unable to complete an initial business combination by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), the Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to Live Oak, if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to Live Oak or a prospective target business with which Live Oak has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or similar agreement or business combination agreement (except for Live Oak’s independent registered public accounting firm), reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below the lesser of (i) $[ ] per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $[ ] per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, net of taxes payable, provided, however, that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business that executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable), nor will it apply to any claims under Live Oak’s indemnity of the underwriters of the IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act; |
• |
that the Sponsor and Live Oak’s officers and directors may benefit from the completion of a business combination and may be incentivized to complete an acquisition of a less favorable target company or on terms less favorable to shareholders rather than liquidate; |
• |
that, under the terms of the Administrative Services Agreement, Live Oak Merchant Partners, an affiliate of the Sponsor, is entitled to $17,500 per month for office space, secretarial and administrative support services until the earlier of the completion of Live Oak’s initial business combination or its liquidation; |
• |
that Live Oak’s directors and officers will be eligible for continued indemnification and continued coverage under directors’ and officers’ liability insurance after the Business Combination and pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement; and |
• |
that the Sponsor has invested an aggregate of $4,525,000 (consisting of $25,000 for the Sponsor Shares and $4,500,000 for the Private Warrants), which means that the Sponsor, following the Merger, if consummated, may experience a positive rate of return on such investments, even if other Live Oak shareholders experience a negative rate of return on their investment. |
• |
that pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the IPO Underwriter may receive deferred underwriting fees in an amount equal to up to $0.30 per Unit issued in the IPO, or $6,900,000, which fees are payable only if Live Oak completes an initial business combination, provided that such deferred amount is subject to pro rata reduction based on the extent of redemptions that reduce the amount of the Trust Account at or prior to the time of Live Oak’s consummation of the initial business combination and will otherwise be allocated to members of FINRA who have assisted in the consummation of the initial business combination, at the discretion of the Sponsor; |
• |
that pursuant to the terms of the Deferred Advisory Fee Agreement, Santander is entitled to receive cash fees, which amount is payable solely upon consummation by Live Oak of an initial business combination; |
• |
that pursuant to the terms of the Placement Agent Agreement with Live Oak, Santander, in its capacity as placement agent, is entitled to receive cash fees equal to 3.00% of the gross proceeds from PIPE Investors, subject to certain exclusions, and reimbursement for certain expenses associated with Santander’s services as placement agent, subject to and contingent upon the consummation of the PIPE Investment; |
• |
that pursuant to the terms of the Teamshares-Santander Advisory and Placement Agent Agreement, Santander is entitled to receive up to approximately $11 million, subject to adjustment based on (A) redemptions and (B) fees received pursuant to the Deferred Advisory Fee Agreement, Underwriting Agreement and Placement Agent Agreement (“Teamshares Placement Agent Fee”). |
• |
In connection with the Initial PIPE Investment, certain members of Teamshares management (Michael Brown, Alex Eu, Brian Gaebe, Madhuri Kommareddi and Kevin Shiiba), who are expected to serve as officers and/or directors of the Combined Company, entered into Initial PIPE Subscription Agreements with Live Oak, pursuant to which each agreed to purchase shares of Live Oak common stock at a per share price of $9.20, which is a lesser amount than the $10.00 price at which Live Oak public shareholders purchased Live Oak Units in the Live Oak IPO and is also less than the $10.00 per share value assigned to shares of Live Oak issuable as Merger Consideration under the terms of the Merger Agreement. |
| Name |
Vested Teamshares Options |
Unvested Teamshares Options | ||
Executive Officers |
||||
| Michael Brown |
— |
20,355 | ||
| Brian Gaebe |
41,041 |
8,959 | ||
| Madhuri Kommareddi |
42,916 |
7,084 | ||
| Alex Eu. |
95,010 |
20,355 | ||
| Kevin Shiiba |
43,505 |
20,355 | ||
| Non-Employee Directors |
||||
| Evan Moore |
— |
— |
| Name |
Position |
PIPE Investment Amount |
||||
| Michael Brown |
Chief Executive Officer |
$ |
250,000 |
|||
| Alex Eu |
President |
$ |
250,000 |
|||
| Kevin Shiiba |
Chief Technology Officer |
$ |
250,000 |
|||
| Brian Gaebe |
Chief Financial Officer |
$ |
125,000 |
|||
| Madhuri Kommareddi |
Chief Operating Officer |
$ |
125,000 |
|||
• |
Target A : Following the execution of a non-disclosure agreement in April 2025, Live Oak carried out due diligence and engaged in discussions with an auto finance company (“Target A non-binding term sheet in April 2025. Over a period of several weeks, Live Oak and Target A engaged in discussions regarding potential transaction terms. The parties ultimately discontinued discussions in June 2025 as a result of inability to reach agreement on valuation and other key terms. |
• |
Target B: Live Oak carried out due diligence and engaged in discussions regarding a potential cryptocurrency treasury transaction with a third-party (“Target B |
• |
Target C : Following the execution of a non-disclosure agreement in August 2025, Live Oak held a series of discussions with an industrial gases company (“Target C |
• |
Target D : Live Oak held a series of discussions with a real estate development firm (“Target D |
• |
meetings and calls with the management team and advisors of Teamshares regarding, among other things, Teamshares’ acquisition strategy (including sourcing, evaluation, financing and post-acquisition support of acquired businesses), acquisition “track record” and Operating Subsidiary acquisition plans, as well as its software platform and business plans; |
• |
review of material contracts and other material matters; |
• |
financial, tax, legal, cybersecurity and IT infrastructure, accounting, operational, business and other due diligence; |
• |
review of unaudited historical financial statements and operating information; |
• |
consultation with Teamshares management and its legal counsel; |
• |
review of Teamshares’ proprietary software platform; |
• |
financial analyses of Teamshares, the proposed Business Combination, the Forecasts prepared by Teamshares management and delivered to Live Oak as part of the diligence process (as further described in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “— Live Oak Financial Analysis Live Oak Financial Analysis |
• |
Market Opportunity and Positioning |
• |
Track Record |
• |
Capital Efficiency. 30-40% return on equity for acquired businesses and an EBITDA to free cash flow conversion in excess of 75%. |
• |
Platform Scalability |
• |
Path to Self-Sustaining Growth. Teamshares Management Forecasts” |
• |
Potential Benefits from Business Combination |
• |
Teamshares’ Desire to Engage in the Business Combination |
• |
Potential for Improved Costs of Debt Financing. |
• |
Operating Subsidiary Growth |
• |
Management Continuity. |
• |
Attractive Valuation. bolt-on acquisitions across a variety of industries and geographies, as described under the section entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — Guideline Company Analyses |
• |
Terms and Conditions of the Merger Agreement. arm’s-length negotiations between the parties. |
• |
Continued Ownership by Teamshares Stockholders. lock-up restrictions described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. |
• |
Teamshares Being an Attractive Target. |
• |
Business Plans May Not be Achieved. |
• |
Readiness to be a Public Company. |
• |
Indebtedness |
• |
Competition. |
• |
Macroeconomic Uncertainty. |
• |
Litigation. |
• |
Valuation. |
• |
Fees and Expenses. |
• |
Redemptions. |
• |
Exchange Listing. |
• |
Liquidation. |
• |
Dilution Questions and Answers About the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting — |
• |
Conflicts of Interest. The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of Live Oak’s Sponsor, Directors, Officers and Advisors in the Business Combination |
• |
Other Risks Factors. Risk Factors |
in $ millions |
2024A ** |
2025A/E |
2026E |
2027E |
||||||||||||
Pro Forma |
||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma Operating EBITDA** |
$ |
35 |
$ |
58 – 64 |
$ |
100 – 110 |
$ |
148 – 162 |
||||||||
Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA** |
$ |
(9 |
) |
$ |
19 – 20 |
$ |
60 – 65 |
$ |
100 – 110 |
|||||||
Reported |
||||||||||||||||
Levered Free Cash Flow (*) |
$ |
(56) |
$ |
(29) – (33) |
$ |
(6) – (2) |
$ |
13 – 20 |
||||||||
* |
Levered Free Cash Flow (a term utilized in the investor presentation, a copy of which was furnished to the SEC on November 14, 2025) represents Adjusted EBITDA less capital expenditures, taxes, and interest expense. This metric is similar to the non-GAAP measure “Free Cash Flow”, as described in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “ Management’s Discussion and Analyses of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Teamshares |
** |
With respect to information from the Actuals Period included in the Forecasts, “Pro Forma Operating EBITDA” and “Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA” could be referred to as “Pro Forma Operating EBITDA excluding dispositions” and “Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA excluding dispositions”, as these figures exclude the impact of disposed businesses during the Actuals Period of $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and $8.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Dispositions during the Actual Periods were excluded from the information and assumptions incorporated into the Forecasts with respect to the Actuals Period because the losses related to the businesses disposed of during the Actuals Period are not expected to be recurring and Teamshares has since modified its underwriting criteria to avoid the acquisition of businesses with similar characteristics in the future. Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA and Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA excl. Dispositions, as well as Pro Forma Operating EBITDA and Pro Forma EBITDA |
excl. Dispositions, are the same for the forecasted periods because the impact of future dispositions was factored into the forecasted organic growth rates. |
(1) |
Financial information for the year ended December 31, 2024, reflects actual results, and interim actual results for the first six months of 2025. The remaining 30-month period, between July 1, 2025, and December 31, 2027, is referred to as the “Forecast Period 2025 H2 2025 2026 2027 |
(2) |
Teamshares uses certain financial measures in the Forecasts that are not prepared in accordance with GAAP as supplemental measures to evaluate operational performance. While Teamshares believes that non- GAAP financial measures provide useful supplemental information, there are limitations associated with the use of non-GAAP financial measure, as further described under the sub-heading “Important Limitations and Disclaimers” below. The Non-GAAP Financial Projections should be read together withthe other information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus, including the sections entitled “Teamshares Management Forecasts – Use of Non-GAAP Measures” “Risk Factors,” “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” and “Teamshares Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” as well as the historical financial statements and related notes included elsewhere herein. |
1. |
Business Combination Proceeds Trust Account Business Combination Proceeds sub-heading “—Acquisitions of Additional Operating Subsidiaries $80 - $90 million of Pre-Acquisition EBITDA (as defined below) during calendar years 2026 and 2027 (the “Additional Operating Subsidiaries Additional Operating Subsidiary Acquisitions Business Combination Proceeds |
Subsidiary Acquisitions reflected in the Forecasts might need to be deferred or delayed relative to information reflected in the Forecasts, it is Teamshares management’s view that would not necessarily be the case, as Teamshares management, as of the Forecast Preparation Date, may be able to fund certain Additional Operating Subsidiary Acquisitions with interim financing sources, which may include a mix of debt and equity issuances. Similarly, while receipt by Teamshares of a lesser amount of net proceeds from the proposed Business Combination with Live Oak than currently anticipated could potentially impact the timeline or number of additional operating company acquisitions that Teamshares may be able to complete during the Forecast Period, again, in Teamshares management’s view, given the Company’s aforementioned expectations regarding the ability to fund certain acquisitions from proceeds from the Business Combination and incremental debt issuances commensurate with historical levels of acquisition financing, that is not necessarily the case, though the actual number of, and timelines to consummate, forecasted Additional Operating Subsidiary Acquisitions is subject to a number of contingencies, known and unknown, and may, of course, vary from the illustrative Additional Operating Subsidiary Acquisitions reflected in the Forecasts. If the proceeds from the Business Combination do not exceed the stated levels, and/or Teamshares is not able to extend, refinance or secure alternative sources of debt financing on terms more favorable than Teamshares’ current credit facilities, the Company’s ability to continue acquiring companies may be dependent on the Company’s ability to generate internal capital to fund the equity portion of the acquisition price of such additional companies and raise additional equity or debt financing above the stated levels on terms more favorable than the Company’s current indebtedness. |
2. |
Organic Growth not ent (3%) year-over-year (“YOY Pre-Acquisition EBITDA levels during the first year post-acquisition. |
3. |
Corporate Expenses $39-44 million, $40-45 million and $48-52 million, respectively, which Teamshares management believes to reasonable estimates based on historical corporate expenses and based on management expectations regarding anticipated changes to corporate overhead costs during the Forecast Period. The Forecasts reflect an approximately 25% increase in corporate overhead charges during the Forecast Period, primarily associated with estimated increased costs associated with becoming a public company, plus modest increases in headcount during the same period. Teamshares management regards it to be a reasonable assumption that headcount would increase only modestly during the Forecast Period, in spite of the numerous Additional Operating Subsidiary Acquisitions forecasted to occur during such period because of the scalability of Teamshares’ current platform and Operating Subsidiary acquisition program, resulting from years of investment by Teamshares in its IT, platform management and other internal operating systems and procedures. To illustrate, given the foregoing, Teamshares’ current parent-level employee headcount as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus is materially consistent with the Company’s parent-level headcount as of early 2022, in spite of the number of Teamshares’ operating subsidiaries having roughly tripled during the same time period. |
4. |
Acquisitions of Additional Operating Subsidiaries |
a. |
Identification and Closing of Acquisitions. $80-90 million Pre-Acquisition EBITDA which satisfy the Company’s Operating Subsidiary acquisition criteria (as further described in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Information about Teamshares |
addressable market of SMEs identified by Teamshares management as businesses which could, potentially, be acquisition targets, and experience consummating Operating Subsidiary acquisitions. The Forecasts also assume that Teamshares acquires additional Operating Subsidiaries representing an aggregate of $15 million Pre-Acquisition EBITDA during H2 2025. The Company closed acquisitions of Operating Subsidiaries representing an aggregate of $8.5 million Pre-Acquisition EBITDA during H1 2025. The Forecasts also assume that Teamshares acquires additional Operating Subsidiaries representing an aggregate of $15 million Pre-Acquisition EBITDA during the second half of 2025, all of which were consummated during the period consistent with the Forecasts. |
b. |
Additional EBITDA Pre-Acquisition EBITDA, during a single calendar quarter. |
c. |
Acquisition Capital. That the Additional Operating Subsidiaries assumed, for purposes of the Forecasts, to be acquired by Teamshares during Forecast Period years 2026 and 2027, are acquired for aggregate capital costs of $188 million and $238 million, respectively. Taking into account the Additional Operating Subsidiary Acquisition-related assumptions, based on an illustrative LTV ratio of 80%, the anticipated aggregate equity funding required to acquire additional Operating Subsidiaries with an aggregate of $80-90 million Pre-Acquisition EBITDA (reflected in the Forecasts as being acquired during calendar years 2026 and 2027, as further described below) would be in the range of $80-90 million; provided, however, that greater (or lesser) amounts of equity capital may actually be required in connection with further acquisitions. Teamshares management believes these estimates, and the utilization, for forecasting purposes, of an 80% LTV ratio assumption, to be reasonable based on the Company’s historical experience obtaining debt financing to fund acquisitions, and after the Closing, having access to additional equity funding (through the public markets or otherwise) and an improved credit profile (assuming the accuracy of other assumptions incorporated into the Forecasts, as further described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus). While an 80% LTV ratio was utilized as an assumption incorporated into the Forecasts as described above, additional sensitivity analyses were considered and utilized to evaluate the Company’s ability to meet Teamshares’ anticipated acquisition growth targets across LTV ratios of 60%, 70% and 80%. At the mid-point level of such sensitivity analyses (70%), the equity component of Teamshares’ estimated capital requirements for Additional Operating Subsidiary Acquisitions forecasted to occur in 2026 would be approximately $56 million, with the corresponding level of equity capital required to consummate forecasted 2027 Additional Operating Subsidiary Acquisitions at the 70% LTV level being approximately $71 million. The corresponding acquisition capital required for the equity portions of anticipated 2026 and 2027 Additional Operating Subsidiary Acquisitions at a 60% LTV ratio is estimated to be $75 million and $95 million, respectively, assuming, for purposes of all of the foregoing LTV sensitivity calculations, the mid-point of Teamshares’ total estimated total Operating Subsidiary acquisition costs for 2026 and 2027 forecasted acquisitions. No assurances or guarantees can be made as to Teamshares’ ability to finance future operating company acquisitions at the costs or LTV Ratios incorporated into the Forecasts. |
d. |
Estimated Levered Free Cash Flows “self-sustaining” programmatic acquiror, as further described under the sub-heading “ - Live Oak Financial Analyses $13-20 million of Levered Free Cash Flows to utilize to fund additional operating subsidiary acquisitions, which, in turn, affects the estimated timeline within which Teamshares may be able to be a “self-sustaining” acquiror, as further described under “Live Oak Financial Analyses third-party debt equal to the Standard Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus a weighted average spread of approximately 6.5%. Additionally, the Company assumed interest on unsecured seller financing of 6%, which Teamshares regards as reasonable based on the terms and cost of debt capital used to finance the Company’s recent operating subsidiary acquisitions; provided, however, that as further described under the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Teamshares |
• |
Operating EBITDA |
of its operating subsidiaries, which is particularly relevant given the Company’s acquisition-driven business model and because unallocated platform-level corporate expenses may or may not vary with changes in the results of our operating subsidiaries. A critical element of Teamshares’ strategy is the ability to increase earnings from operating subsidiaries at a rate in excess of corporate overhead, and the presentation of Operating EBITDA allows a reader of Teamshares’ financial statements to understand whether this trend is achieved each period. However, Operating EBITDA should not be considered a measure of consolidated operating performance or profitability and should be considered only as a supplemental measure of the operating performance of our operating subsidiaries. The closest GAAP metric to Operating EBITDA would be Net Loss. |
• |
Pro Forma Operating EBITDA non-GAAP metric utilized in the Forecasts, represents Operating EBITDA plus the Teamshares management’s estimates of the pre-acquisition results for operating businesses acquired by Teamshares during a relevant period, as if such businesses had been owned for the entirety of such period. The closest GAAP metric to Pro Forma Operating EBITDA would be income (loss) before income taxes. Teamshares regards Pro Forma Operating EBITDA as useful to the Company because the measure improves comparability across periods by reflecting the results of acquired businesses on a consistent basis which, in turn, Teamshares man agement believes makes the measure more representative of the Operating Subsidiaries’ future earnings potential than pro forma estimates prepared utilizing the closest GAAP metrics (described above) would be. |
| • | Adjusted EBITDA , a non-GAAP metric, represents, relative to Teamshares, consolidated corporate-level and operating subsidiary-level results for post-acquisition periods, adjusted to exclude (i) interest expense, net, (ii) income tax expense (benefit), (iii) depreciation and amortization and (iv) certain non-cash items and other amounts that Teamshares does not consider indicative of the Company’s core operating performance, including share-based compensation, gains or losses on disposition of assets, impairment expense and changes in fair value of financial instruments. The closest GAAP metric to Adjusted EBITDA would be Net Loss. |
• |
Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA non-GAAP metric utilized in the Forecasts, represents Adjusted EBITDA plus the pre-acquisition results for businesses acquired during the relevant period, as if such businesses had been owned for the entirety of the period presented. For historical periods, the pre-acquisition results are prepared in accordance with ASC 805 and adjusted to conform to the requirements of Article 11 of Regulation S-X, including the application of appropriate transaction accounting adjustments. Teamshares management believes Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA enhances consistency and comparability across periods and provides a more representative view of the consolidated entity’s earnings potential than would pro forma estimates prepared using the closest GAAP metrics (as described above). |
• |
Levered Free Cash Flows non-GAAP metric used in the Forecasts, means Adjusted EBITDA less capital expenditures, taxes, and interest expense. This is similar to the non-GAAP measure “Free Cash Flow”, as described in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analyses of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Teamshares |
| (i) | that Teamshares’ recent acquisition activity in the past 18 months has been hampered by the Company’s limited access to equity financing and by the costs of debt financing pursuant to the Company’s facility arrangements entered into at an early stage in Teamshares’ trajectory as a business. |
| (ii) | that during historical periods where Teamshares had access to sufficient reasonably-priced capital, Teamshares has executed numerous operating subsidiary acquisitions and successfully integrated such operating subsidiaries into Teamshares’ platform. |
| (iii) | that Teamshares has developed a robust system for evaluating SMEs as potential acquisition targets and that there appears to be a sizeable “addressable market” of additional SMEs that would meet Teamshares’ acquisition criteria and therefore be potential acquisition targets, subject to Teamshares having access to sufficient, reasonably-priced capital. |
| (iv) | that proceeds from the proposed Business Combination, including the Initial PIPE Investment (in an aggregate amount of approximately $126.5 million), could reasonably be expected to provide Teamshares with equity capital to fund acquisitions and grow its existing business and could also potentially improve the Company’s credit profile and may also facilitate successful refinancing or reconsideration of the terms of certain of the Company’s existing debt facilities, thereby also potentially reducing the future cost of borrowing to fund acquisitions; |
| (v) | that Teamshares’ historical results appear to reflect a relatively consistent and favorable rate of “conversion” of acquired EBITDA into capital available to fund acquisitions; |
| (vi) | based upon the Forecasts prepared in good faith by Teamshares management, and assuming the reasonableness of the numerous assumptions incorporated therein (as further described under the heading “ Teamshares Management Forecasts |
| (vii) | that, in addition to estimated potential proceeds from the proposed Business Combination (including the Initial PIPE Investment), Teamshares experiencing improvements in costs of borrowing for acquisition capital requirements, whether due to refinancing of Teamshares’ existing credit facilities on extended maturity timelines and improved terms, less or limited reliance on outside capital sources (other than seller notes) or otherwise, together with the possibility that, as a public company after the Closing, Teamshares may have greater access to additional financing opportunities which may also further enable Teamshares to continue pursuing its acquisitive growth strategy on more favorable terms, relative to financing capital, than has been consistently been available to the Company historically. |
| • | Headquarter Locations; Listings |
U.S. national exchange; the exchanges on which securities of the Guideline Companies trade include Nasdaq Stockholm (OME), the London Stock Exchange (LSE), the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) and the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (ETR). |
| • | Target Geographies |
| • | Target Industries |
| • | Approximate Portfolio Size 250-300 portfolio companies and one Guideline Company had a portfolio of over 1,000 acquired companies. |
| • | Acquisitions per Year : |
| • | Target Acquisition Criteria 2-20 million, over $5 million, $5-50 million, $15 million and approximately $20 million; two Guideline Companies acquire businesses with approximately $30 million and between $20-100 million in value; and one Guideline Company targets acquisitions generating $2-12M EBITDA. |
Key Metrics as of Access Date – Implied Teamshares TEV/2026E, 2027E EBITDA Multiples |
||||||||||||
Company |
Implied Teamshares TEV (billions) 1 |
2026 EV / EBITDA |
2027 EV / EBITDA |
|||||||||
Addtech AB |
$ | 10.2 | 22.8x | 21.4x | ||||||||
Chapters Group AG |
$ | 0.971 | 16.1x | 11.6x | ||||||||
Constellation Software Inc. |
$ | 70.1 | 18.1x | 15.7x | ||||||||
Diploma plc |
$ | 10.6 | 19.9x | 19.1x | ||||||||
Indutrade AB |
$ | 9.7 | 15.3x | 14.4x | ||||||||
Lagercrantz Group AB |
$ | 5.6 | 22.5x | 21.3x | ||||||||
Lifco AB |
$ | 17.3 | 22.0x | 20.9x | ||||||||
Röko AB |
$ | 3.3 | 19.0x | 18.4x | ||||||||
Median |
19.4x | 18.7x | ||||||||||
Mean: |
19.5x | 17.9x | ||||||||||
Teamshares |
$ | 0.742 | 14.9x | 11.1x | ||||||||
Note |
Information about Guideline Companies obtained from Guideline Company websites, financial statements and FactSet as of the Access Date; approximate median, mean values of 19.45x and 19.46, respectively. |
Key Metrics as of Access Date – Estimated 2026E - 2027E EBITDA Growth Rates |
||||
Company |
Corporate EBITDA Growth Rate |
|||
Addtech AB |
6.80 | % | ||
Chapters Group AG |
38.60 | % | ||
Constellation Software Inc. |
15.00 | % | ||
Diploma plc |
4.10 | % | ||
Indutrade AB |
6.60 | % | ||
Lagercrantz Group AB |
5.30 | % | ||
Lifco AB |
5.30 | % | ||
Röko AB |
3.00 | % | ||
Median |
6.0 | % | ||
Mean: |
10.6 | % | ||
Teamshares Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA 2026E-2027E (1) |
68.00 | % | ||
Note |
Information about Guideline Companies obtained from Guideline Company websites, financial statements and FactSet as of the Access Date. |
(1) |
Teamshares management’s estimate of potential year-over-year (YOY) 2026E-2027E Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA growth, taking into account the assumptions incorporated into the Forecasts, as further described under the heading “ Teamshares Management Forecasts |
| • | that if the Business Combination or another Live Oak initial business combination is not consummated by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), Live Oak will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up. In such event, the 5,750,000 Class B Ordinary Shares, also referred to as the Sponsor Shares (which will be converted into Live Oak Class B Common Stock pursuant to the Domestication and will subsequently be converted into Combined Company Common Stock in connection with the Closing in accordance with the Interim Charter) held by the Sponsor (or any permitted distributees thereof, as applicable) will be worthless because the holders thereof entered into an agreement waiving entitlement to participate in any redemption or liquidating distributions with respect to such shares. Neither the Sponsor nor any other person received any compensation in exchange for this agreement to waive redemption and liquidation rights. Pursuant to terms of the Insider Letter, the Sponsor Shares (including the corresponding Combined Company securities, after the Closing) are subject to a lock-up whereby, subject to certain limited exceptions, the Sponsor Shares are not transferable until the earlier of (A) one year after the completion of Live Oak’s initial business combination or (B) subsequent to Live Oak’s initial business combination, the date on which the Combined Company consummates a transaction which results in all of its shareholders having the right to exchange their shares for cash, securities or other properties; provided, however, that if the Insider Letter Amendment Proposal is approved by Live Oak shareholders when presented at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, the foregoing lock-up terms will be amended as set forth in such proposal, upon the effectiveness of the Insider Letter Amendments at the Closing. (The Sponsor may, on or before the Closing of the Business Combination, distribute some or all of the Live Oak Securities held by it and any such distributed Sponsor Shares may be released from lock-up restrictions in connection with applicable stock exchange listing requirements.) In this regard, while the Sponsor Shares are not the same as the Class A Ordinary Shares, are subject to certain restrictions that are not applicable to the Class A Ordinary Shares, and may become worthless if Live Oak does not complete a business combination by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), the aggregate value of the 5,750,000 Sponsor Shares owned by the Sponsor is estimated to be approximately $59.3 million, assuming the per share value of the Sponsor Shares is the same as the $10.32 closing price of the Class A Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq on February 11, 2026; |
| • | a member of the Sponsor with a 1.9% indirect interest in Live Oak’s founder shares has subscribed to purchase Live Oak shares pursuant to an Initial PIPE Investment Subscription Agreement for a purchase price of $9.20 per share, which is a lesser amount than the $10.00 at which Live Oak Units were purchased by Live Oak public shareholders in the Live Oak IPO (such member’s investment in the Initial PIPE Investment equaling less than 0.5% of the overall Initial PIPE Investment); |
| • | that if the Business Combination or another Live Oak initial business combination is not consummated by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), Live Oak will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up. In such event, the 4,500,000 Private Warrants held by the Sponsor (or any permitted distributees thereof, as applicable) will expire worthless. The Sponsor purchased the Private Warrants at an aggregate purchase price of $4,500,000, or $1.00 per warrant, with each whole Private Warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share for $11.50 per share, in the Private Placement consummated simultaneously with the IPO. Pursuant to the terms of the Insider Letter, the Private Warrants and all of their underlying securities, are also subject to lock-up restrictions whereby, subject to certain limited exceptions, the Private Warrants will not be sold or transferred until 30 days after Live Oak has completed a business combination (though the Sponsor is not prohibited from distributing Private Warrants out of the Sponsor in accordance with the Sponsor governing documents on or before the Closing of the Business Combination, which the Sponsor may determine to do, in its sole discretion). In this regard, while the Private Warrants are not the same as the Public Warrants, the aggregate value of the 4,500,000 Private Warrants held by the Sponsor is |
estimated to be approximately $7.6 million, assuming the per warrant value of the Private Warrant is the same as the $1.70 closing price of the Public Warrants on the Nasdaq on February 11, 2026; |
| • | that if the proposed Business Combination is consummated, immediately after the Closing the Sponsor (or, to the extent applicable, distributees of Sponsor Shares in the aggregate, if the Sponsor, in its discretion, determines to make such a distribution in accordance with the terms of the Sponsor governing documents) is anticipated to hold [ ]% of the outstanding shares of Combined Company Common Stock, based on the assumptions set forth in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “ Share Calculations and Ownership Percentages Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information Beneficial Ownership of Securities |
| • | that, based on the difference in the effective purchase price of $0.004 per share paid for the Class B Ordinary Shares, and $1.00 per warrant paid for the Private Warrants, as compared to the purchase price of $10.00 per Unit sold in the IPO, the Sponsor and its members may earn a positive rate of return even if the share price of Combined Company Common Stock after the Closing falls below the price initially paid for the Units in the IPO and the unredeeming unaffiliated Public Shareholders experience a negative rate of return following the Closing of the Business Combination; |
| • | that if, prior to the Closing, the Sponsor provides working capital loans to Live Oak, up to $1,500,000 of such working capital loans may be convertible into newly-issued Live Oak warrants with terms equivalent to existing Private Warrants at the option of the Sponsor, such loans may not be repaid if no business combination is consummated and Live Oak is forced to liquidate; provided, however, that, as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, there are no such working capital loans outstanding; |
| • | that unless Live Oak consummates an initial business combination, it is possible that Live Oak’s officers, directors and the Sponsor may not receive reimbursement for out-of-pocket out-of-pocket |
| • | that if the Trust Account is liquidated, including in the event Live Oak is unable to complete an initial business combination by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), the Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to Live Oak, if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to Live Oak or a prospective target business with which Live Oak has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or similar agreement or business combination agreement (except for Live Oak’s independent registered public accounting firm), reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below the lesser of (i) $[ ] per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $[ ] per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, net of taxes payable, provided, however, that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business that executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable), nor will it apply to any claims under Live Oak’s indemnity of the underwriters of the IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act; |
| • | that the Sponsor and Live Oak’s officers and directors may benefit from the completion of a business combination and may be incentivized to complete an acquisition of a less favorable target company or on terms less favorable to shareholders rather than liquidate; |
| • | that, under the terms of the Administrative Services Agreement, Live Oak Merchant Partners, an affiliate of the Sponsor, is entitled to $17,500 per month for office space, secretarial and administrative support services until the earlier of the completion of Live Oak’s initial business combination or its liquidation; |
| • | that Live Oak’s directors and officers will be eligible for continued indemnification and continued coverage under directors’ and officers’ liability insurance after the Business Combination and pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement; and |
| • | that the Sponsor has invested an aggregate of $4,525,000 (consisting of $25,000 for the Sponsor Shares and $4,500,000 for the Private Warrants), which means that the Sponsor, following the Merger, if consummated, may experience a positive rate of return on such investments, even if other Live Oak shareholders experience a negative rate of return on their investment. |
| • | that pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the IPO Underwriter may receive deferred underwriting fees in an amount equal to up to $0.30 per Unit issued in the IPO, or $6,900,000, and such fees are payable only if Live Oak completes an initial business combination. Such deferred amount will be subject to pro rata reduction based on the extent of redemptions that reduce the amount of the Trust Account at the time of Live Oak’s consummation of the initial business combination and will otherwise be allocated to members of FINRA who have assisted in the consummation of the initial business combination, at the discretion of the Sponsor; |
| • | that pursuant to the terms of a letter agreement with Live Oak, Santander, in its capacity as placement agent for the Initial PIPE Investment, is entitled to a fee of 3.0% of the gross proceeds received from the Initial PIPE Investors, and the Initial PIPE Investment will not be consummated unless the business combination with Teamshares is consummated; |
| • | that pursuant to the terms of the Placement Agent Agreement with Live Oak, Santander, in its capacity as placement agent, is entitled to receive cash fees equal to 3.00% of the gross proceeds from PIPE Investors, subject to certain exclusions, and reimbursement for certain expenses associated with Santander’s services as placement agent, subject to and contingent upon the consummation of the PIPE Investment; |
| • | that pursuant to the terms of the Teamshares-Santander Advisory and Placement Agent Agreement, Santander is entitled to receive (a) in respect of Santander’s services as Teamshares’ financial and capital markets advisor, a cash “Transaction Fee” in an amount equal to the greater of (i) $3,000,000 (the “Minimum Fee”), subject to reduction in respect of the Teamshares Placement Agent Fee, as defined below, and (ii) 3.0% of the sum of (A) the gross proceeds remaining in the Live Oak Trust Account after satisfaction of all required redemption payments to redeeming Live Oak Public Shareholders and (B) 3.0% of the gross pross proceeds from any private placement of SPAC securities entered into in connection with the Business Combination, subject to reduction by (i) 50% of any deferred underwriting fees and any deferred advisory fees received by or payable to Santander in connection with closing of the Business Combination (subject to the Minimum Fee) and (ii) 100% of any placement agent fees paid to Santander pursuant to the Placement Agent Agreement; and (b) in respect of services as placement agent to Teamshares in respect of a Bridge Financing (if any such transaction is consummated by Teamshares or the Combined Company) at or prior to the Closing, if any, a cash fee (“Teamshares Placement Agent Fee”) equal to 3.00% of the gross proceeds from such Bridge Financing, if any, conditioned upon consummation thereof, provided that payment of the Teamshares Placement Agent Fee shall be reduce the amount of the Minimum Fee described above. |
Individual |
Entity |
Entity’s Business |
Affiliation | |||
| Richard J. Hendrix | Live Oak Merchant Partners | Investments | Managing Partner | |||
| Crestview Partners | Investments | Operating Executive | ||||
| RJH Management Co. | Investments | Founder and Officer | ||||
| Navitas Semiconductor | Semiconductors | Chairman of Board | ||||
| Adam J. Fishman | Live Oak Merchant Partners | Investments | Managing Partner | |||
| Ashton Hudson | Value Acquisition Fund | Investments | Partner | |||
| Fifth Third Bank | Banking | Director | ||||
| Andrea Tarbox | Solo Brands | E-commerce and Branding |
Director | |||
| Somsak Chivavibul | Gift Hero, Inc. | E-commerce | Director | |||
| • | that if the Business Combination or another Live Oak initial business combination is not consummated by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), Live Oak will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up. In such event, the 5,750,000 Class B Ordinary Shares, also referred to as the Sponsor Shares (which will be converted into Live Oak Class B Common Stock pursuant to the Domestication and subsequently be converted into Combined Company Common Stock in connection with the Closing in accordance with the Interim Charter) held by the Sponsor (or any permitted distributees thereof, as applicable) will be worthless because the holders thereof entered into an agreement waiving entitlement to participate in any redemption or liquidating distributions with respect to such shares. Neither the Sponsor nor any other person received any compensation in exchange for this agreement to waive redemption and liquidation rights. Pursuant to terms of the Insider Letter, the Sponsor Shares (including the corresponding Combined Company securities, after the Closing) are subject to a lock-up whereby, subject to certain limited exceptions, the Sponsor Shares are not transferable until the earlier of (A) one year after the completion of Live Oak’s initial business combination or (B) subsequent to Live Oak’s initial business combination, the date on which the Combined Company consummates a transaction which results in all of its shareholders having the right to exchange their shares for cash, securities or other properties; provided, however, that if the Insider Letter Amendment Proposal is approved by Live Oak shareholders when presented at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, the foregoing lock-up terms will be amended as set forth in such proposal, upon the effectiveness of the Insider Letter Amendments at the Closing. (The Sponsor may, on or before the Closing of the Business Combination, distribute some or all of the Live Oak Securities held by it and any such distributed Sponsor Shares may be released from lock-up restrictions in connection with applicable stock exchange listing requirements.) In this regard, while the Sponsor Shares are not the same as the Class A Ordinary Shares, are subject to certain restrictions that are not applicable to the Class A Ordinary Shares, and may become worthless if Live Oak does not complete a business combination by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), the aggregate value of the 5,750,000 Sponsor Shares owned by the Sponsor is estimated to be approximately $59.3 million, assuming the per share value of the Sponsor Shares is the same as the $10.32 closing price of the Class A Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq on February 11, 2026; |
| • | a member of the Sponsor with a 1.9% indirect interest in Live Oak’s founder shares has subscribed to purchase Live Oak shares pursuant to an Initial PIPE Investment Subscription Agreement for a |
purchase price of $9.20 per share, which is a lesser amount than the $10.00 at which Live Oak Units were purchased by Live Oak public shareholders in the Live Oak IPO (such member’s investment in the Initial PIPE Investment equaling less than 0.5% of the overall Initial PIPE Investment); |
| • | that if the Business Combination or another Live Oak initial business combination is not consummated by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), Live Oak will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up. In such event, the 4,500,000 Private Warrants held by the Sponsor (or any permitted distributees thereof, as applicable) will expire worthless. The Sponsor purchased the Private Warrants at an aggregate purchase price of $4,500,000, or $1.00 per warrant, with each whole Private Warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share for $11.50 per share, in the Private Placement consummated simultaneously with the IPO. Pursuant to the terms of the Insider Letter, the Private Warrants and all of their underlying securities, are also subject to lock-up restrictions whereby, subject to certain limited exceptions, the Private Warrants will not be sold or transferred until 30 days after Live Oak has completed a business combination (though the Sponsor is not prohibited from distributing Private Warrants out of the Sponsor in accordance with the Sponsor governing documents on or before the Closing of the Business Combination, which the Sponsor may determine to do, in its sole discretion). In this regard, while the Private Warrants are not the same as the Public Warrants, the aggregate value of the 4,500,000 Private Warrants held by the Sponsor is estimated to be approximately $7.6 million, assuming the per warrant value of the Private Warrant is the same as the $1.70 closing price of the Public Warrants on the Nasdaq on February 11, 2026; |
| • | that if the proposed Business Combination is consummated, immediately after the Closing the Sponsor (or, to the extent applicable, distributees of Sponsor Shares in the aggregate, if the Sponsor, in its discretion, determines to make such a distribution in accordance with the terms of the Sponsor governing documents) is anticipated to hold [ ]% of the outstanding shares of Combined Company Common Stock, based on the assumptions set forth in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “ Share Calculations and Ownership Percentages Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information Beneficial Ownership of Securities |
| • | that, based on the difference in the effective purchase price of $0.004 per share paid for the Class B Ordinary Shares, and $1.00 per warrant paid for the Private Warrants, as compared to the purchase price of $10.00 per Unit sold in the IPO, the Sponsor and its members may earn a positive rate of return even if the share price of Combined Company Common Stock after the Closing falls below the price initially paid for the Units in the IPO and the unredeeming unaffiliated Public Shareholders experience a negative rate of return following the Closing of the Business Combination; |
| • | that if, prior to the Closing, the Sponsor provides working capital loans to Live Oak, up to $1,500,000 of such working capital loans may be convertible into newly-issued Live Oak warrants with terms equivalent to existing Private Warrants at the option of the Sponsor, such loans may not be repaid if no business combination is consummated and Live Oak is forced to liquidate; provided, however, that, as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, there are no such working capital loans outstanding; |
| • | that unless Live Oak consummates an initial business combination, it is possible that Live Oak’s officers, directors and the Sponsor may not receive reimbursement for out-of-pocket out-of-pocket |
| • | that if the Trust Account is liquidated, including in the event Live Oak is unable to complete an initial business combination by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), the Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to Live Oak, if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to Live Oak or a prospective target business with which Live Oak has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or similar agreement or business combination agreement (except for Live Oak’s independent registered public accounting firm), reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below the lesser of (i) $[ ] per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $[ ] per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, net of taxes payable, provided, however, that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business that executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable), nor will it apply to any claims under Live Oak’s indemnity of the underwriters of the IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act; |
| • | that the Sponsor and Live Oak’s officers and directors may benefit from the completion of a business combination and may be incentivized to complete an acquisition of a less favorable target company or on terms less favorable to shareholders rather than liquidate; |
| • | that, under the terms of the Administrative Services Agreement, Live Oak Merchant Partners, an affiliate of the Sponsor, is entitled to $17,500 per month for office space, secretarial and administrative support services until the earlier of the completion of Live Oak’s initial business combination or its liquidation; |
| • | that Live Oak’s directors and officers will be eligible for continued indemnification and continued coverage under directors’ and officers’ liability insurance after the Business Combination and pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement; and |
| • | that the Sponsor has invested an aggregate of $4,525,000 (consisting of $25,000 for the Sponsor Shares and $4,500,000 for the Private Warrants), which means that the Sponsor, following the Merger, if consummated, may experience a positive rate of return on such investments, even if other Live Oak shareholders experience a negative rate of return on their investment. |
| • | The shareholders of Teamshares will have the greatest voting interest in the Post-Combination Company; |
| • | The shareholders of Teamshares will have the ability to control decisions regarding election and removal of directors and officers of the Post-Combination Company; |
| • | Teamshares will comprise the ongoing operations of the Post-Combination Company; and |
| • | Teamshares’ existing senior management will be the senior management of the Post-Combination Company. |
| • | Teamshares is the larger entity based on historical operating activity and its larger employee base. |
THE DOMESTICATION PROPOSAL (PROPOSAL 2)
Overview
Live Oak is proposing to change its corporate structure and redomicile from an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands to a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. This change will be implemented as a transfer by continuation of Live Oak under the applicable laws of the Cayman Islands and the State of Delaware as described under “- Manner of Effecting the Domestication and the Legal Effect of the Domestication.”
The Domestication will be effected by the filing of an application to de-register Live Oak with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands and the filing of a Certificate of Corporate Domestication and the Interim Charter with the Delaware Secretary of State. The Interim Charter, which amends and removes the provisions of Live Oak’s Current Charter that terminate or otherwise become inapplicable because of the Domestication and otherwise provides Live Oak’s shareholders with the same or substantially the same rights as they have under the Current Charter. The Domestication will become effective immediately prior to the Closing of the Business Combination. The Interim Charter, which will become effective upon the Domestication is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex B. In connection with the Domestication, all outstanding Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares will convert into shares of Live Oak Class A Common Stock and all outstanding Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares will convert into shares of Live Oak Class B Common Stock in the continuing Delaware corporation. All shareholders are encouraged to read the Interim Charter in its entirety for a more complete description of their terms.
Only Live Oak Class B Shareholders will carry the vote in respect of any vote to transfer Live Oak by way of continuation in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands (including, but not limited to, the approval of the organizational documents of Live Oak in such other jurisdiction).
Comparison of Shareholder Rights under the Applicable Organizational Documents Before and After the Domestication
When the Domestication is completed, certain rights of shareholders will be governed by the Interim Charter rather than the Current Charter (which will cease to be effective) and certain rights of shareholders and the scope of the powers of the Live Oak Board and management will be altered as a result. The Interim Charter will be identical to the Proposed Charter with the addition of certain SPAC-specific provisions that will be retained prior to the Closing. For a summary comparison of the Proposed Charter, on the one hand, and the Current Charter, on the other, see the section entitled “The Charter Proposal (Proposal 3).” You should also read the form of the Interim Charter attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex B carefully and in its entirety.
Comparison of Shareholder Rights under Applicable Corporate Law Before and After the Domestication
When the Domestication is completed, the rights of the shareholders will be governed by Delaware law, including the DGCL, rather than by the laws of the Cayman Islands, including the Cayman Islands Companies Act. Certain differences exist between the DGCL and the Cayman Islands Companies Act that will alter certain of the rights of shareholders and affect the powers of the Live Oak Board and management following the Domestication.
Shareholders should consider the following summary comparison of the Cayman Islands Companies Act, on the one hand, and the DGCL, on the other. This comparison is not intended to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the DGCL and the Cayman Islands Companies Act.
The owners of a Delaware corporation’s shares are referred to as “stockholders.” For purposes of language consistency, in certain sections of this proxy statement/prospectus, Live Oak may continue to refer to the share owners of Live Oak as “shareholders.”
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| Provision |
Cayman Islands |
Delaware | ||
| Applicable legislation | The Cayman Companies Act | General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware | ||
| General Vote Required for Combinations with Interested Stockholders/Shareholders |
No similar provision. | Generally, a corporation may not engage in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the time of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the corporation opts out of the applicable statutory provision. | ||
| Appraisal Rights |
Under the Companies Act and subject to certain exceptions, shareholders that dissent from a merger are entitled to be paid the fair market value of their shares, which if necessary may ultimately be determined by the courts of the Cayman Islands. | Generally a stockholder of a publicly traded corporation does not have appraisal rights in connection with a merger.
Stockholders of a publicly traded corporation do, however, generally have appraisal rights in connection with a merger if they are required by the terms of a merger agreement to accept for their shares anything except: (a) shares or depository receipts of the corporation surviving or resulting from such merger; (b) shares of stock or depository receipts that will be either listed on a national securities exchange or held of record by more than 2,000 holders; (c) cash in lieu of fractional shares or fractional depository receipts described in (a) and (b) above; or (d) any combination of the shares of stock, depository receipts and cash in lieu of fractional shares or fractional depository receipts described in (a), (b) and (c) above. | ||
| Requirements for Stockholder/Shareholder Approval |
Certain matters must be approved by special resolution of the shareholders as a matter of Cayman Islands law, including alteration of the memorandum or articles of association, appointment of inspectors to examine company affairs, reduction of share capital (subject, to court approval), change of name, authorization of a plan of | Stockholder approval of mergers, a sale of all or substantially all the assets of the corporation, or dissolution require a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon; most other stockholder approvals require a majority of the shares present in person or by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the matter, provided a quorum is present. | ||
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| Provision |
Cayman Islands |
Delaware | ||
| merger (other than a merger between a parent and a subsidiary), or consolidation or voluntary winding up of the company.
The Current Charter requires a transfer by way of continuation to another jurisdiction to be approved by special resolution of the shareholders.
The Companies Act requires that a special resolution be passed by at least two-thirds or such higher percentage as set forth in the memorandum and articles of association, of shareholders being entitled to vote and do vote in person or by proxy at a general meeting, or by unanimous written resolution of shareholders entitled to vote at a general meeting.
The Companies Act defines “special resolutions” only. A company’s memorandum and articles of association can therefore tailor the definition of “ordinary resolutions” as a whole, or with respect to specific provisions. Under the Current Charter an ordinary resolution must be passed at a general meeting by a simple majority of shareholders who (being entitled to do so) vote in person or by proxy at that meeting. The expression includes a unanimous resolution in writing. |
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| Requirement for Quorum |
The holders of at least one-third of the issued and outstanding shares of the company being individuals present in person or by proxy or if a corporation or other non-natural person by its duly authorized representative or proxy shall constitute a quorum. | Quorum is a majority of shares entitled to vote at the meeting unless otherwise set in the organizational documents, but cannot be less than one-third of the shares entitled to vote at the meeting. | ||
| Stockholder/Shareholder Consent to Action Without Meeting |
A company’s articles of association may allow shareholders to pass special and ordinary resolutions in writing. Special resolutions passed in | Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, stockholders may act by written consent. | ||
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| Provision |
Cayman Islands |
Delaware | ||
| writing must be approved by all the members entitled to vote at a general meeting of the company. Ordinary resolutions passed in writing may be approved by such number of shareholders as prescribed by the company’s articles of association. Our Current Charter requires an Ordinary Resolution in writing to be adopted unanimously. | ||||
| Inspection of Books and Records |
Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies (other than copies of their memorandum and articles of association, register of mortgages and charges, and any special resolutions). Under Cayman Islands law, the names of an exempted company’s current directors can be obtained from a search conducted at the Registrar of Companies. | Any stockholder may inspect the corporation’s books and records for a proper purpose during the usual hours for business. | ||
| Stockholder/Shareholder Lawsuits |
In the Cayman Islands, the decision to institute proceedings on behalf of a company is generally taken by the company’s board of directors. A shareholder may be entitled to bring a derivative action on behalf of the company only in certain limited circumstances (e.g., where a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires (beyond the scope of its authority); the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could be effected if duly authorized by a special resolution that has not been obtained; and those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority”). | A stockholder may bring a derivative suit subject to procedural requirements. | ||
| Removal of Directors |
A company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide that a director may be removed for any or no reason and that, in | Any director or the entire board may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote | ||
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| Provision |
Cayman Islands |
Delaware | ||
| addition to shareholders, directors may be granted the power to remove a director. | at an election of directors, except as follows: (1) unless the certificate of incorporation otherwise provides, in the case of a corporation with a classified board, stockholders may effect such removal only for cause; or (2) in the case of a corporation having cumulative voting, if less than the entire board is to be removed, no director may be removed without cause if the votes cast against such director’s removal would be sufficient to elect such director if then cumulatively voted at an election of the entire board. | |||
| Number of Directors |
Subject to the memorandum and articles of association, the board of directors of a company may increase the size of the board and fill any vacancies. | The number of directors is fixed by, or in the manner provided in, the bylaws, unless the certificate of incorporation fixes the number of directors, in which case a change in the number of directors shall be made only by amendment of the certificate of incorporation. The bylaws may provide that the board may increase the size of the board and fill any vacancies. | ||
| Classified or Staggered Boards |
Classified boards are permitted. | Classified boards are permitted. | ||
| Fiduciary Duties of Directors |
The fiduciary duties of a director of a Cayman Islands exempted company are not codified, however the courts of the Cayman Islands have held that a director owes the following fiduciary duties (a) a duty to act in what the director bona fide considers to be in the best interests of the company, (b) a duty to exercise their powers for the purposes they were conferred, (c) a duty to avoid fettering his or her discretion in the future and (d) a duty to avoid conflicts of interest and of duty. | Directors must exercise a duty of care and duty of loyalty and good faith to the company and its stockholders. | ||
| Indemnification of Directors and Officers |
Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for | A corporation shall have the power to indemnify any person who was or is a party to any proceeding because such person is | ||
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| Provision |
Cayman Islands |
Delaware | ||
| indemnification of directors and officers, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against the consequences of the director’s own fraud or willful default. | or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another entity against expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred if the person acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. If the action was brought by or on behalf of the corporation, no indemnification is made when a person is adjudged liable to the corporation unless a court determines such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for expenses the court deems proper. | |||
| Limited Liability of Directors |
Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may limit the liability of directors and officers, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as limiting liability for fraud or willful default. | Permits the limiting or eliminating of the monetary liability of a director to a corporation or its stockholders, except with regard to breaches of duty of loyalty, intentional misconduct, unlawful stock repurchases or dividends, or improper personal benefit. | ||
Reasons for the Domestication
The Live Oak Board believes that it would be in the best interests of Live Oak to effect the Domestication immediately prior to the completion of the Business Combination. The primary reason for the Domestication is to enable Live Oak to avoid certain taxes that would be imposed on the Combined Company and/or Live Oak if Live Oak were to conduct an operating business in the United States as a foreign corporation following the Business Combination.
The Live Oak Board believes that it would be in the best interests of Live Oak to effect the Domestication to enable Live Oak to avoid certain taxes that would be imposed if it were to conduct an operating business in the United States as a foreign corporation following the Business Combination. In addition, the Live Oak Board believes Delaware provides a recognized body of corporate law that will facilitate corporate governance by its officers and directors. Delaware maintains a favorable legal and regulatory environment in which to operate. For many years, Delaware has followed a policy of encouraging companies to incorporate there and, in furtherance of that policy, has adopted comprehensive, modern and flexible corporate laws that are regularly updated and
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revised to meet changing business needs. As a result, many corporations have initially chosen Delaware as their domicile or have subsequently reincorporated in Delaware in a manner similar to the procedures Live Oak is proposing. Due to Delaware’s longstanding policy of encouraging incorporation in that state and consequently its popularity as the state of incorporation, the Delaware courts have developed a considerable expertise in dealing with corporate issues and a substantial body of case law has developed construing the DGCL and establishing public policies with respect to Delaware corporations. It is anticipated that the DGCL will continue to be interpreted and explained in a number of significant court decisions that may provide greater predictability with respect to Live Oak’s corporate legal affairs following the Business Combination.
Regulatory Approvals; Third Party Consents
Live Oak is not required to make any filings or to obtain any approvals or clearances from any antitrust regulatory authorities in the United States or other countries in order to complete the Domestication. Live Oak must comply with applicable United States federal and state securities laws in connection with the Domestication.
The Domestication will not breach any covenants or agreements binding upon Live Oak and will not be subject to any additional federal or state regulatory requirements, except compliance with the laws of the Cayman Islands and Delaware necessary to effect the Domestication.
Certificate of Incorporation
Commencing with the effective time of the Domestication under the applicable law, the Interim Charter will govern the rights of Live Oak’s stockholders. A chart comparing your rights as a holder of Ordinary Shares of Live Oak as a Cayman Islands exempted company with your rights as a holder of Live Oak common stock as a Delaware corporation can be found above in “- Comparison of Shareholder Rights under Applicable Corporate Law Before and After the Domestication.”
Tax Consequences to Holders of Ordinary Shares Who Receive Live Oak Common Stock as a Result of the Domestication
If the Proposals described in this proxy statement/prospectus are approved, then holders of Ordinary Shares who do not elect to exercise their redemption rights will receive Live Oak common stock as a result of the Domestication. For a description of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Domestication, see the section entitled “- U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for Holders of Public Shares, Live Oak Public Warrants, Combined Company Common Stock, and/or Combined Company Warrants.”
Manner of Effecting the Domestication and the Legal Effect of the Domestication
Delaware Law
Pursuant to Section 388 of the DGCL, a non-United States entity may become domesticated as a Delaware corporation by filing with the Delaware Secretary of State a Certificate of Corporate Domestication and a Certificate of Incorporation, certifying to the matters set forth in Section 388 of the DGCL. The domestication must be approved in the manner provided for by the instrument or other writing governing the internal affairs of the non-United States entity and the conduct of its business or by applicable non-Delaware law, as appropriate, and the Certificate of Incorporation must be approved by the same authorization required to approve the domestication.
When a non-United States entity has become domesticated as a Delaware corporation, for all purposes of Delaware law, the corporation will be deemed to be the same entity as the domesticating non-United States entity and the domestication will constitute a continuation of the existence of the domesticating non-United States entity in the form of a Delaware corporation. When any domestication will have become effective, for all
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purposes of Delaware law, all of the rights, privileges and powers of the non-United States entity that has been domesticated and all property, real, personal and mixed, and all debts due to such non-United States entity, as well as all other things and causes of action belonging to such non-United States entity, will remain vested in the corporation to which such non-United States entity has been domesticated (and also in the non-United States entity, if and for so long as the non-United States entity continues its existence in the foreign jurisdiction in which it was existing immediately prior to the domestication) and will be the property of such corporation (and also of the non-United States entity, if and for so long as the non-United States entity continues its existence in the foreign jurisdiction in which it was existing immediately prior to the domestication), and the title to any real property vested by deed or otherwise in such non-United States entity shall not revert or be in any way impaired by reason of the domestication; but all rights of creditors and all liens upon any property of such non-United States entity will be preserved unimpaired, and all debts, liabilities and duties of the non-United States entity that has been domesticated will remain attached to the corporation to which such non-United States entity has been domesticated (and also to the non-United States entity, if and for so long as the non-United States entity continues its existence in the foreign jurisdiction in which it was existing immediately prior to the domestication) and may be enforced against it to the same extent as if said debts, liabilities and duties had originally been incurred or contracted by it in its capacity as such corporation. The rights, privileges, powers and interests in property of the non-United States entity, as well as the debts, liabilities and duties of the non-United States entity, will not be deemed, as a consequence of the domestication, to have been transferred to the corporation to which such non-United States entity has domesticated for any purpose of the laws of the State of Delaware.
Cayman Islands Law
If the Domestication Proposal is approved, Live Oak will also apply to de-register as a Cayman Islands exempted company pursuant to Section 206 of the Cayman Islands Companies Act. Upon the deregistration, Live Oak will no longer be subject to the provisions of the Cayman Islands Companies Act. Except as provided in the Cayman Islands Companies Act, the deregistration will not affect the rights, powers, authorities, functions and liabilities or obligations of Live Oak or any other person.
Accounting Treatment of the Domestication
The Domestication is being proposed solely for the purpose of changing the legal domicile of Live Oak. There will be no accounting effect or change in the carrying amount of the assets and liabilities of Live Oak as a result of the Domestication. The business, capitalization, assets and liabilities and financial statements of Live Oak immediately following the Domestication will be the same as those immediately prior to the Domestication.
Resolution to be Voted Upon
The full text of the resolution to be passed is as follows:
“RESOLVED, as a special resolution of the Live Oak Class B Shareholders, that Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V be de-registered as an exempted company in the Cayman Islands pursuant to Article 48 of the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V and be registered by way of continuation as a corporation in the State of Delaware and conditional upon, and with effect from, the registration of Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V in the State of Delaware as a corporation, governed by the Interim Charter attached as Annex B to the proxy statement/prospectus in respect of the meeting, at which time the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association will be replaced by that Interim Charter as referenced in the proxy statement/prospectus in respect of the meeting.”
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the Domestication Proposal will require a special resolution under Cayman Islands law, being a resolution passed by the holders of at least two-thirds of the Class B Ordinary Shares who, being present (either in person or by proxy) and entitled to vote at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, vote at the
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Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. Only Live Oak Class B Shareholders will carry the vote in respect of any vote to continue Live Oak in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands (including, but not limited to, the approval of the organizational documents of Live Oak in such other jurisdiction).
The Domestication Proposal is conditioned on the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and each of the other Required Proposals.
Recommendation of the Live Oak Board
THE LIVE OAK BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE DOMESTICATION PROPOSAL.
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THE CHARTER PROPOSAL (PROPOSAL 3)
If the Business Combination is to be consummated, the Combined Company will adopt the Proposed Charter in the form attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex C, which, in the judgment of the Live Oak Board, is necessary to adequately address the needs of the Combined Company following the Closing. Concurrent with the adoption of the Proposed Charter, the Proposed Bylaws in the form attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex D will also be adopted.
The following table sets forth a summary of the principal differences between the Current Charter and the Proposed Charter. This summary is qualified by reference to the complete text of the Proposed Charter, a copy of which is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex C. All shareholders are encouraged to read the Proposed Charter in its entirety for a more complete description of its terms.
| Provision |
Live Oak Pre-Domestication |
Combined Company Post-Merger | ||
| Authorized Capital Stock | The Current Charter authorizes (i) 500,000,000 Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares, (ii) 50,000,000 Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares and (iii) 5,000,000 Preference Shares. | The Proposed Charter authorizes the Combined Company to issue [ ] shares of Common Stock and [ ] shares of Preferred Stock, in each case with a par value of $0.01 per share. | ||
| Increasing or Decreasing Authorized Capital Stock, Including Number of Unissued Shares of a Series of Preferred Stock | Subject to the Companies Act, under the Current Charter (subject to Article 10 (relating to the variation of rights of shares)), the Company may: (i) by Ordinary Resolution, increase its share capital by such sum as the Ordinary Resolution shall prescribe and with such rights, priorities and privileges annexed thereto, as the Company in general meeting may determine, or (ii) by Ordinary Resolution, cancel any shares that at the date of the passing of the Ordinary Resolution have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person and diminish the amount of its share capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled, or (iii) by Special Resolution, reduce its share capital or any capital redemption reserve fund. | Under Article V of the Proposed Charter, subject to the rights of any holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock, the number of authorized shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares then outstanding) by the requisite vote of the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, voting as a single class, irrespective of DGCL Section 242(b)(2). | ||
| Provisions Specific to a Blank Check Company | Under the Current Charter, Article 50 sets forth various provisions related to our operations as a blank check company prior to the consummation of an initial business combination. | The Proposed Charter does not include provisions specific to a blank check company. | ||
| Number of Directors | The Current Charter provides that the number of directors of Live Oak, shall be no less than one person, the directors may from time to time fix the maximum and minimum number of directors to be appointed by resolution of the Board of Directors. | Article VI of the Proposed Charter provides that the number of directors constituting the whole Board shall be fixed exclusively by one or more resolutions adopted from time to time by the Board of Directors. | ||
| Composition of the Board of Directors | Under the Current Charter, Article 30.4 sets out the composition of the Board of Directors, dividing the Board into three (3) classes, as | Article VI of the Proposed Charter provides that the Board is classified into three classes, | ||
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| Provision |
Live Oak Pre-Merger |
Combined Company Post-Merger | ||
| nearly equal in number as possible and designated Class I, Class II and Class III. The Live Oak Board is authorized to assign members of the board already in office to Class I, Class II or Class III. At each succeeding annual general meeting of the shareholders of Live Oak, successors to the class of directors whose term expires at that annual general meeting shall be elected for a three-year term or until the election and qualification of their respective successors in office, subject to their earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal. | designated Class I, Class II and Class III, with staggered three-year terms. The Board is authorized to designate sitting directors to classes. Each director holds office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. | |||
| Appointment of Directors | Under the Current Charter, prior to the closing of a business combination, Live Oak may by Ordinary Resolution of the holders of the Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares appoint any person to serve as a director. For the avoidance of doubt, prior to the closing of a business combination, holders of Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares shall have no right to vote on the appointment or removal of any director. | The Proposed Charter does not prescribe who may be appointed to serve as a director beyond qualifications the Board or governing documents may set. Directors need not be stockholders. | ||
| Removal of Directors | Under the Current Charter, prior to the closing of a business combination, Live Oak may by Ordinary Resolution of the holders of the Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares remove any director. For the avoidance of doubt, prior to the closing of a business combination, holders of Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares shall have no right to vote on the appointment or removal of any director. | Article VI of the Proposed Charter provides that, subject to the rights of holders of any series of Preferred Stock, the Board or any individual director may be removed only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the voting power of all outstanding shares entitled to vote at an election of directors. | ||
| Board of Directors Vacancies | Under the Current Charter, outside of the passing of a shareholder resolution, vacancies on the board can only be filled by vote of a majority of the remaining members of the Board. | Article VI of the Proposed Charter provides that vacancies and newly created directorships shall be filled exclusively by a majority of the directors then in office (even if less than a quorum) or by a sole remaining director (other than any directors elected by a separate vote of Preferred Stock), and not by stockholders. | ||
| Action by Written Consent | The Current Charter provides that a resolution to be passed either as an Ordinary Resolution or a Special Resolution at a general meeting, also includes a unanimous written resolution of the shareholders of the Company. | Article VII of the Proposed Charter provides that stockholder action by written consent is not permitted for common stockholders; provided that, if | ||
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| Provision |
Live Oak Pre-Merger |
Combined Company Post-Merger | ||
| expressly provided in a Certificate of Designation for a series of Preferred Stock, such Preferred holders may act by written consent to the extent and in the manner set forth therein. | ||||
| Calling of Special Shareholder Meetings | The Current Charter provides that the directors, the chief executive officer or the chairman of the board of directors of the Company may call general meetings, and that the shareholders shall not have the ability to call general meetings. | Article VII of the Proposed Charter provides that, subject to the special rights of holders of Preferred Stock, special meetings may be called only by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, the Chairperson, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, and not by any other person. | ||
| Indemnification | The Current Charter provides that a director or officer of Live Oak together with every former director and former officer shall to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be indemnified out of the assets of Live Oak against any liability, action, proceeding, claim, demand, costs, damages or expenses, including legal expenses, whatsoever which they or any of them may incur as a result of any act or failure to act in carrying out their functions as a director or officer, as applicable, unless such liability (if any) that they may incur arises through that person’s actual fraud, willful neglect or willful default. | Article IX of the Proposed Charter authorizes the Combined Company to provide indemnification and advancement rights. | ||
| Waiver of Jury Trial | The Current Charter does not contain a waiver of trial by jury. | The Proposed Charter does not contain a waiver of trial by jury. | ||
| Quorum | The Current Charter provides that the holders of one third of the shares being individuals present in person or by proxy or if a corporation or other non-natural person by its duly authorized representative or proxy shall be a quorum for any meeting of the shareholders. | The Proposed Charter does not expressly address what constitutes a quorum; such matters are addressed in the Proposed Bylaws. | ||
| Voting | The Current Charter provides that holders of Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares and holders of Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares will vote together as a single class on all matters (subject to the Variation of Rights of Shares Article, the Appointment and Removal of Directors Article, and the Transfer by Way of Continuation Article). Each Live Oak Ordinary Share will have one vote on all such matters. If the share capital of Live Oak is divided into different | The Proposed Charter does not expressly address stockholder voting; such matters are addressed in the Proposed Bylaws. | ||
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| Provision |
Live Oak Pre-Merger |
Combined Company Post-Merger | ||
| classes, the rights of such a class may not be varied except by a vote of that affected class, which shall not be less than two thirds of the votes cast at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class or by consent in writing of the holders of not less than two thirds of the issued shares of that class (other than with respect to a waiver of the provisions of the Class B Ordinary Share Conversion Article, which shall only require the consent in writing of the holders of a majority of the issued Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares). | ||||
| Stockholder Vote for Sales, Leases, Exchanges or Other Dispositions | Under Cayman Islands law, the sale, lease, exchange or other disposition of all, or substantially all, of the property and assets of a Cayman Islands exempted company is at the discretion of the board of directors of the Company (subject to any additional approvals set out in a company’s articles of association or other governance documentation (such as a shareholders’ agreement)). The Current Charter does not include any approvals relating to such disposals. | The Proposed Charter does not expressly address stockholder approval requirements for sales, leases, exchanges or other dispositions of assets; such matters are governed by applicable law. | ||
| Limitation of Liability of Directors and Officers | The Current Charter provides that a director or officer of Live Oak together with every former director and former officer shall to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be indemnified out of the assets of Live Oak against any liability, action, proceeding, claim, demand, costs, damages or expenses, including legal expenses, whatsoever which they or any of them may incur as a result of any act or failure to act in carrying out their functions as a director or officer, as applicable, unless such liability (if any) that they may incur arises through that person’s actual fraud, willful neglect or willful default. | Article VIII of the Proposed Charter eliminates personal liability of directors and officers for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL. | ||
| Corporate Opportunities | To the fullest extent allowed by law, none of the Sponsor or any individual serving as a director or officer of Live Oak shall have any duty, except and to the extent expressly assumed by contract, to refrain from engaging, directly or indirectly, in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as the Company. Live Oak renounces any expectancy that any of the directors or officers of Live Oak will offer any such corporate opportunity of which he or she may become aware to Live Oak. | The Proposed Charter does not expressly address corporate opportunities. | ||
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| Provision |
Live Oak Pre-Merger |
Combined Company Post-Merger | ||
| Interested Party Transaction Approvals | The Current Charter provides that: (1) a director may act by himself or by, through or on behalf of his firm in a professional capacity for the Company and he or his firm shall be entitled to remuneration for professional services as if he were not a director, (2) a director may be or become a director or other officer of or otherwise interested in any company promoted by the Company or in which the Company may be interested as a shareholder, a contracting party or otherwise, and no such director shall be accountable to the Company for any remuneration or other benefits received by him as a director or officer of, or from his interest in, such other company, (3) no person shall be disqualified from the office of director or prevented by such office from contracting with the Company, either as vendor, purchaser or otherwise, nor shall any such contract or any contract or transaction entered into by or on behalf of the Company in which any director shall be in any way interested be or be liable to be avoided, nor shall any director so contracting or being so interested be liable to account to the Company for any profit realized by or arising in connection with any such contract or transaction by reason of such director holding office or of the fiduciary relationship thereby established, with a director being at liberty to vote in respect of any contract or transaction in which he is interested provided that the nature of the interest of any director in any such contract or transaction shall be disclosed by him at or prior to its consideration and any vote thereon.
A general notice that a director is a shareholder, director, officer or employee of any specified firm or company and is to be regarded as interest in any transaction with such firm or company shall be sufficient disclosure for the purposes of voting on a resolution in respect of a contract or transaction in which he has an interest, and after such general notice it shall not be necessary to give special notice relating to any particular transaction. |
The Proposed Charter does not expressly address interested party transaction approvals beyond general DGCL duties and conflict-of-interest provisions. | ||
| Choice of Forum | The Current Charter provides that unless Live Oak consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the courts of the Cayman Islands shall have exclusive jurisdiction over | Article X of the Proposed Charter provides that, unless the Corporation consents to an alternative forum, the Delaware | ||
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| Provision |
Live Oak Pre-Merger |
Combined Company Post-Merger | ||
| any claim or dispute arising out of or in connection with the amended and restated memorandum of association of Live Oak, the amended and restated articles of association of Live Oak or otherwise related in any way to each Live Oak shareholder’s shareholding in Live Oak, including but not limited to (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of Live Oak, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of any fiduciary or other duty owed by any current or former director, officer or other employee of Live Oak to Live Oak or Live Oak’s shareholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Companies Act, the amended and restated memorandum of association or the amended and restated articles of association (in each case, of Live Oak), or (iv) any action asserting a claim against Live Oak governed by the “Internal Affairs Doctrine” (as such concept is recognized under the laws of the United States of America). | Court of Chancery (or, if no jurisdiction, the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware or other Delaware state courts) is the exclusive forum for internal-affairs claims; the federal district courts of the United States are the exclusive forum for Securities Act claims. | |||
| Amendment to Charter and Bylaws | The Current Charter requires a:
• Special Resolution to alter or add to the Articles or to the Memorandum with respect to any objects, powers or other matters specified therein (except that, prior to the closing of a Business Combination, a Special Resolution of the Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares is required to approve amendments to the constitutional documents of the company or to adopt new constitutional documents of the company, in each case, as a result of the company approving a transfer by way of continuation in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands);
• Amendments that would alter or change the powers, preferences or relative, participating, optional or other or special rights of the Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares, (except where such amendment is proposed in respect of the consummation of a business combination) require a Special Resolution passed by at least 90% of the holders of the Live Oak Ordinary Shares then outstanding; |
Article VI of the Proposed Charter authorizes the Board to adopt, amend or repeal the bylaws; any stockholder adoption, amendment or repeal of the bylaws requires the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the voting power of the then outstanding shares entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. Article XI of the Proposed Charter provides that specified articles (including Article V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X and XI) may be amended or repealed, or inconsistent provisions adopted, only by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the total voting power of all outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, in addition to any other required vote. | ||
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| Provision |
Live Oak Pre-Merger |
Combined Company Post-Merger | ||
| Pre-Suit Demand in Derivative Suits | As a general rule, a minority shareholder of a Cayman Islands exempted company cannot bring an action with respect to wrongs done to that company as this will be for the company to pursue. However, in limited circumstances, the Cayman Islands courts will permit a minority shareholder to commence a derivative action in the name of the company. These situations include (a) where there has been a wrong (such as a breach of duty) done to the company and the wrongdoer in question are in control of the company and are preventing it from acting or (b) where the act complained of is illegal or ultra vires and cannot be ratified by its members.
A shareholder may have a direct right of action against the company where the individual rights personal to that shareholder have been infringed or are about to be infringed. |
The Proposed Charter does not expressly address pre-suit demand or derivative procedures; such matters are governed by Delaware law. | ||
| Stock Ownership Requirement for Derivative Suits; Jury Trials | As noted above, as a general rule, an action for a wrong done to the company may not be brought by a minority shareholder of a Cayman Islands exempted company, save in very limited circumstances. However, if those circumstances exist, the person who brings those proceedings must own shares in the company. | The Proposed Charter does not expressly address stock ownership requirements for derivative standing or jury trial waivers; such matters are governed by Delaware law. | ||
| Dissent and Appraisal Rights | Under the Companies Act, save in certain limited circumstances, a shareholder of a Cayman constituent company who dissents from a merger or consolidation is entitled to payment of the fair value of their shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) upon dissenting to the merger or consolidation, provided the dissenting shareholder complies strictly with the procedures set out in the Companies Act. The exercise of dissenter rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which they might otherwise be entitled by virtue of holding shares, save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful. No such dissent rights shall be available in respect of the shares of any class for which an open market exists on a recognized stock exchange at the expiry date of the period allowed under the Companies Act for written notice of an election to dissent. | The Proposed Charter does not expressly address dissenters’ or appraisal rights; such rights are governed by the DGCL. | ||
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In the judgment of the Live Oak Board, the Proposed Charter is necessary to address the needs of the Combined Company following the Closing. In particular:
| • | To change the corporate name from “Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V” to “Teamshares Inc.”; |
| • | To increase the total number of shares of our capital stock from (a) [ ] Public Shares, [ ] Founder Shares and [ ] preference shares, par value $[ ] per share, of Live Oak to (b) [ ] shares of Combined Company capital stock which consists of (A) [ ] shares of Combined Company Common Stock, and (B) [ ] shares of Combined Company Preferred Stock, and |
| • | To authorize all other changes in connection with the replacement of Live Oak governing documents with the Proposed Charter and Proposed Bylaws in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination (copies of which are attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex B and Annex C, respectively). |
Resolution to be Voted Upon
The full text of the resolution to be passed is as follows:
“RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that adoption by the Combined Company of the (i) Proposed Charter, in the form attached to the proxy statement/prospectus as Annex C, and (ii) the Proposed Bylaws, in form attached to the proxy statement/prospectus as Annex D, each to be effective upon the consummation of the Business Combination, be confirmed, ratified and approved.”
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the Charter Proposal does not require the passing of a resolution under the Current Charter or Cayman Islands law. Notwithstanding this, the Live Oak Board is asking the Live Oak shareholders to approve the Charter Proposal by ordinary resolution, being a resolution passed by a majority of the votes which are cast by those holders of Live Oak Ordinary Shares who, being entitled to do so, vote in person or by proxy at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting and will have no effect on any of the proposals.
The Charter Proposal is conditioned on the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and each of the other Required Proposals.
Recommendation of the Live Oak Board
THE LIVE OAKBOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE CHARTER PROPOSAL.
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THE ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS PROPOSALS (PROPOSALS 4-9)
In connection with the Business Combination, Live Oak is asking its shareholders to vote upon, on a non-binding advisory basis, proposals to approve certain governance provisions contained in the Proposed Charter. The shareholder votes regarding these proposals are advisory votes, and are not binding on the Combined Company or the Combined Company Board. In the judgment of the Live Oak Board, these provisions are necessary to adequately address the needs of the Combined Company. Furthermore, the Business Combination is not conditioned on the separate approval of the Organizational Documents Proposals (separate and apart from approval of the Charter Proposal).
Live Oak shareholders are asked to consider and approve, on a non-binding advisory basis, six separate sub-proposals (“The Organizational Documents Proposals”) in connection with the replacement of the Cayman Constitutional Documents with the Proposed Organizational Documents. These six proposals are being presented separately to give shareholders the opportunity to present their separate views on important corporate governance provisions and will be voted upon on a non-binding advisory basis.
The Proposed Organizational Documents differ from the Cayman Constitutional Documents. The following table sets forth a summary of the principal changes proposed between the Cayman Constitutional Documents and the Proposed Organizational Documents. This summary is qualified by reference to the complete text of the Cayman Constitutional Documents of Live Oak, the complete text of the Proposed Charter, a copy of which is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex B and the complete text of the Proposed Bylaws, a copy of which is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex C. All shareholders are encouraged to read the Proposed Organizational Documents in their entirety for a more complete description of their terms. Additionally, as the Cayman Constitutional Documents are governed by the Companies Act and the Proposed Organizational Documents will be governed by the DGCL, Live Oak encourages shareholders to carefully consult the information set out under the section entitled “The Domestication Proposal — Comparison of Shareholder Rights Under Applicable Corporate Law Before and After Domestication”.
| Cayman Constitutional Documents |
Proposed Organizational Documents | |||
| Authorized Shares |
The authorized share capital set out in the Cayman Constitutional Documents is US$55,500 divided into 500,000,000 Live Oak Class A Shares, 50,000,000 Live Oak Class B Shares and 5,000,000 preference shares of a par value of US$0.0001 each. | The Proposed Organizational Documents authorize [ ] shares, consisting of [ ] shares of Combined Company Common Stock and [ ] shares of Combined Company Preferred Stock. | ||
| See paragraph 5 of the current Live Oak amended and restated memorandum of association. | See Article [IV] of the Proposed Charter. | |||
| Exclusive Forum Provision (Organizational Documents Proposal 5) |
The Cayman Constitutional Documents provide that unless Live Oak consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the courts of the Cayman Islands shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any claim or dispute arising out of or in connection with the Cayman Constitutional Documents or otherwise related in any way to each shareholder’s shareholding in Live Oak, including but not limited | The Proposed Organizational Documents adopt (a) Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation and (b) the federal district courts of the United States of America as the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act.
These provisions will not address or apply to claims that arise under the | ||
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| Cayman Constitutional Documents |
Proposed Organizational Documents | |||
| to: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on Live Oak’s behalf; (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of any fiduciary or other duty owed by any of Live Oak’s current or former director, officer or other employee to Live Oak or its shareholders; (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Companies Act or the Cayman Constitutional Documents; or (iv) any action asserting a claim against Live Oak governed by the internal affairs doctrine (as such concept is recognized under the laws of the United States) and that each shareholder irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the Cayman Islands over all such claims or disputes. The forum selection provision in the Cayman Constitutional Documents do not apply to actions or suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Securities Act, Exchange Act or any claim for which the federal district courts of the United States are, as a matter of the laws of the United States, the sole and exclusive forum for determination of such a claim.
See Article 53 of the Cayman Constitutional Documents. |
Exchange Act; however, Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.
See Article [XI] of the Proposed Charter | |||
| Adoption of Supermajority Vote Requirement to Amend the Proposed Organizational Documents |
The Cayman Constitutional Documents requires a:
• Special Resolution to alter or add to the Articles or to the Memorandum with respect to any objects, powers or other matters specified therein (except that, prior to the closing of a Business Combination, a Special Resolution of the Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares is required to approve amendments to |
The Proposed Charter requires the affirmative vote of at least [66 2⁄3]% of the voting power of the outstanding shares to amend, alter, repeal or rescind [Article V, Article VI, Article VIII, Article IX, Article X, Article XI and Article XII] of the Proposed Charter. For amendments to other provisions of the Proposed Charter, the DGCL requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon. | ||
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| Cayman Constitutional Documents |
Proposed Organizational Documents | |||
| the constitutional documents of the company or to adopt new constitutional documents of the company, in each case, as a result of the company approving a transfer by way of continuation in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands);
• Amendments that would alter or change the powers, preferences or relative, participating, optional or other or special rights of the Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares, (except where such amendment is proposed in respect of the consummation of a business combination) require a Special Resolution passed by at least 90% of the holders of the Live Oak Ordinary Shares then outstanding;
See Article 18 of the Cayman Constitutional Documents. |
See Article [XIII] of the Proposed Charter.
The Proposed Charter permits the Combined Company Board to amend, alter, repeal or rescind the Proposed Bylaws without the consent or vote of the stockholders of the Company.
See Article [V] of the Proposed Charter. | |||
| Removal of Directors |
The Cayman Constitutional Documents provide that prior to the closing of a business combination, Live Oak may by Ordinary Resolution of the holders of the Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares remove any director. For the avoidance of doubt, prior to the closing of a business combination, holders of Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares shall have no right to vote on the appointment or removal of any director.
See Article 30 of the Cayman Constitutional Documents. |
The Proposed Organizational Documents permit the removal of a director only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of at least 662⁄3% of the total voting power of all then-outstanding shares of the Company.
See Article [VI], subsection [(D)] of the Proposed Charter. | ||
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Resolution to be Voted Upon
The full text of the resolution to be passed is as follows:
“RESOLVED, as six separate ordinary resolutions on a non-binding and advisory basis only, that the following governance provisions contained in the Proposed Organizational Documents be and are hereby approved: resolutions, that:
| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 4 — Under the Proposed Organizational Documents, the Combined Company would be authorized to issue (A) [ ] shares of Combined Company Common Stock and (B) [ ] shares of Combined Company Preferred Stock. |
| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 5 — The Proposed Organizational Documents would adopt (a) Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation and (b) the federal district courts of the United States of America as the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. |
| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 6 — The Proposed Charter would require the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the total voting power of all then-outstanding shares of the Combined Company to amend, alter, repeal or rescind certain provisions of the Proposed Charter. |
| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 7 — The Proposed Charter would require the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at an election of directors, voting together as a single class, to remove a director only for cause. |
| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 8 — The Proposed Charter would prohibit stockholder action by written consent in lieu of a meeting and require stockholders to take action at an annual or special meeting. |
| • | Organizational Documents Proposal 9 — The Proposed Charter would (1) change the corporate name from “Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V” to “Teamshares Inc.”, (2) make the Combined Company’s corporate existence perpetual and (3) remove certain provisions related to Live Oak’s status as a blank check company that will no longer be applicable upon consummation of the Business Combination.” |
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the Organizational Documents Proposals does not require the passing of a resolution under the Current Charter or Cayman Islands law. Notwithstanding this, the Live Oak Board is asking the Live Oak shareholders to approve the Organizational Documents Proposals by ordinary resolution, being a resolution passed by a majority of the votes which are cast by those holders of Live Oak Ordinary Shares who, being entitled to do so, vote in person or by proxy at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting and will have no effect on any of the proposals.
The Organizational Documents Proposals are conditioned on the approval of the Required Proposals.
Recommendation of the Live Oak Board
THE LIVE OAK BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” EACH OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS PROPOSALS.
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THE INCENTIVE PLAN PROPOSAL (PROPOSAL 10)
Overview
Live Oak is asking its shareholders to approve the Teamshares Inc. 2026 Incentive Award Plan (the “Incentive Plan”) and the material terms thereunder. The Live Oak Board adopted the Incentive Plan prior to the extraordinary general meeting, subject to shareholder approval at the extraordinary general meeting. The Incentive Plan will become effective upon the Closing of the Business Combination assuming approval of this proposal by our shareholders.
The Incentive Plan is described in more detail below. A copy of the Incentive Plan is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex E.
The Incentive Plan
The purpose of the Incentive Plan is to enhance the Combined Company’s ability to attract, retain and motivate persons who make (or are expected to make) important contributions to the Combined Company by providing these individuals with equity ownership opportunities and/or equity-linked compensatory opportunities. The Live Oak Board believes that equity awards are necessary to remain competitive in its industry and are essential to recruiting and retaining the highly qualified employees who help us meet our goals.
Description of the Material Features of the Incentive Plan
This section summarizes certain principal features of the Incentive Plan. The summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the Incentive Plan.
Eligibility and Administration
Employees, consultants and directors of the Combined Company and its subsidiaries will be eligible to receive awards under the Incentive Plan. Following the Closing of the Business Combination, the Combined Company is expected to have approximately [____] employees, [____] non-employee directors and [____] other individual service providers who will be eligible to receive awards under the Incentive Plan.
Following the Closing of the Business Combination, the Incentive Plan will be administered by the Combined Company Board with respect to awards to non-employee directors and by the compensation committee of the Combined Company Board with respect to other participants, each of which may delegate its duties and responsibilities to committees of its directors and/or officers (referred to collectively as the plan administrator below), subject to certain limitations that may be imposed under the Incentive Plan, Section 16 of the Exchange Act, stock exchange rules and/or other applicable laws. The plan administrator will have the authority to take all actions and make all determinations under the Incentive Plan, to interpret the Incentive Plan and award agreements and to adopt, amend and repeal rules for the administration of the Incentive Plan as it deems advisable. The plan administrator will also have the authority to determine which eligible service providers receive awards, grant awards and set the terms and conditions of all awards under the Incentive Plan, including any vesting and vesting acceleration provisions, subject to the conditions and limitations in the Incentive Plan.
Limitation on Awards and Shares Available
The initial aggregate number of shares of Combined Company Common Stock that will be available for issuance under the Incentive Plan will be equal to 7% of the number of shares of Combined Company Common Stock outstanding (assuming all shares of Combined Company Common Stock reserved under the Incentive Plan have been issued) as of immediately following the Closing of the Business Combination. In addition, the number of shares of Combined Company Common Stock available for issuance under the Incentive Plan will be subject to
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an annual increase on the first day of each calendar year beginning January 1, 2027 and ending on and including January 1, 2036, equal to (i) 4% of the aggregate number of shares of Combined Company Common Stock outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year, or (ii) such smaller number of shares as is determined by the Combined Company Board. Any shares issued pursuant to the Incentive Plan may consist, in whole or in part, of authorized and unissued common stock, treasury common stock or common stock purchased on the open market.
Assuming there are no redemptions in connection with the Business Combination, the estimated number of shares outstanding (assuming all shares of Combined Company Common Stock reserved under the Incentive Plan have been issued) as of the Closing of the Business Combination will be [____]; therefore, the maximum potential initial share limit for the Incentive Plan as of the Closing of the Business Combination will be [____]. The maximum number of shares that may be issued pursuant to the exercise of incentive stock options (“ISOs”) granted under the Incentive Plan will be 100,000,000 (but in no event greater than the applicable aggregate share limit).
If an award under the Incentive Plan or 2020 Plan expires, lapses or is terminated, exchanged for or settled in cash, any shares subject to such award (or portion thereof) may, to the extent of such expiration, lapse, termination or cash settlement, be used again for new grants under the Incentive Plan. The following shares will become or again be available for award grants under the Incentive Plan (i) shares delivered to us to satisfy the applicable exercise or purchase price of an award under the Incentive Plan or 2020 Plan and/or to satisfy any applicable tax withholding obligations (including shares retained by us from the award under the Incentive Plan or 2020 Plan being exercised or purchased, and/or creating the tax obligation), (ii) shares subject to stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) that are not issued in connection with the stock settlement of the SAR on exercise, and (iii) shares purchased on the open market with the cash proceeds from the exercise of options. Further, the payment of dividend equivalents in cash in conjunction with any awards under the Incentive Plan will not reduce the shares available for grant under the Incentive Plan.
Awards granted under the Incentive Plan upon the assumption of, or in substitution for, awards authorized or outstanding under a qualifying equity plan maintained by an entity with which we enter into a merger or similar corporate transaction will not reduce the shares available for grant under the Incentive Plan but will count against the maximum number of shares that may be issued upon the exercise of ISOs.
The Incentive Plan provides that the sum of any cash compensation and the aggregate grant date fair value (determined as of the date of the grant under Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, or any successor thereto) of all awards granted to a non-employee director as compensation for services as a non-employee director during any fiscal year, or director limit, may not exceed an amount equal to $750,000 (increased to $1,000,000 in the calendar year of a non-employee director’s initial service as a non-employee director or any calendar year during which a non-employee director serves as chairman of the Combined Company Board or lead independent director), which limits will not apply to the compensation for any non-employee director who serves in any capacity in addition to that of a non-employee director for which he or she receives additional compensation or any compensation paid prior to the calendar year following the calendar year in which the Incentive Plan becomes effective.
Awards
The Incentive Plan provides for the grant of stock options, including ISOs, and nonqualified stock options (“NSOs”), restricted stock, dividend equivalents, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), SARs and other stock or cash based awards. Certain awards under the Incentive Plan may constitute or provide for a payment of “nonqualified deferred compensation” under Section 409A of the Code, which may impose additional requirements on the terms and conditions of such awards. All awards under the Incentive Plan will be evidenced by award agreements, which will detail the terms and conditions of the awards, including any applicable vesting conditions (which may be based wholly or in part on the achievement of specified performance criteria) and payment terms
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and post-termination exercise limitations. Awards other than cash awards generally will be settled in shares of Combined Company Common Stock, but the applicable award agreement may provide for cash settlement of any award. A brief description of each award type follows.
| • | Stock Options and SARs. Stock options provide for the purchase of shares of Combined Company Common Stock in the future at an exercise price set on the grant date. ISOs, in contrast to NSOs, may provide tax deferral beyond exercise and favorable capital gains tax treatment to their holders if certain holding period and other requirements of the Code are satisfied. SARs entitle their holder, upon exercise, to receive from us an amount equal to the appreciation of the shares subject to the award between the grant date and the exercise date. Unless otherwise determined by the Combined Company Board, the exercise price of a stock option or SAR may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the underlying share on the grant date (or 110% in the case of ISOs granted to certain significant stockholders), except with respect to certain substitute awards granted in connection with a corporate transaction. The term of a stock option or SAR may not be longer than ten years (or five years in the case of ISOs granted to certain significant stockholders). Conditions applicable to stock options and/or SARs may be based on continuing service, the attainment of performance goals and/or such other conditions as the plan administrator may determine. |
| • | Restricted Stock and RSUs. Restricted stock is an award of nontransferable shares of Combined Company Common Stock that are subject to certain vesting conditions and other restrictions. RSUs are contractual promises to deliver shares of Combined Company Common Stock in the future, which may also remain forfeitable unless and until specified conditions are met and may be accompanied by the right to receive the equivalent value of dividends paid on shares of Combined Company Common Stock prior to the delivery of the underlying shares (i.e., dividend equivalent rights). The plan administrator may provide that the delivery of the shares underlying RSUs will be deferred on a mandatory basis or at the election of the participant. The terms and conditions applicable to RSUs will be determined by the plan administrator, subject to the conditions and limitations contained in the Incentive Plan. Conditions applicable to restricted stock and RSUs may be based on continuing service, the attainment of performance goals and/or such other conditions as the plan administrator may determine. |
| • | Other Stock or Cash Based Awards. Other stock or cash based awards are awards of cash, fully vested shares of our Combined Company Common Stock and other awards valued wholly or partially by referring to, or otherwise based on, shares of Combined Company Common Stock. Other stock or cash based awards may be granted to participants and may also be available as a payment form in the settlement of other awards, as standalone payments and as payment in lieu of compensation to which a participant is otherwise entitled. |
| • | Dividend Equivalents. Dividend equivalents represent the right to receive the equivalent value of dividends paid on shares of Combined Company Common Stock and may be granted alone or in tandem with awards other than stock options or SARs. Dividend equivalents are credited as of the dividend record dates during the period between the date an award is granted and the date such award vests, is exercised, is distributed or expires, as determined by the plan administrator. Dividend equivalents payable with respect to an award prior to the vesting of such award instead will be paid out to the participant only to the extent that the vesting conditions are subsequently satisfied and the award vests. |
Certain Transactions
The plan administrator has broad discretion to take action under the Incentive Plan, as well as make adjustments to the terms and conditions of existing and future awards, to prevent the dilution or enlargement of intended benefits and facilitate necessary or desirable changes in the event of certain transactions and events affecting Combined Company Common Stock, such as stock dividends, stock splits, mergers, acquisitions, consolidations and other corporate transactions. In addition, in the event of certain non-reciprocal transactions with our
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stockholders known as “equity restructurings,” the plan administrator will make equitable adjustments to the Incentive Plan and outstanding awards. In the event of a change in control (as defined in the Incentive Plan), to the extent that the surviving entity declines to continue, convert, assume or replace outstanding awards, then all such awards will become fully vested and exercisable in connection with the transaction. Upon or in anticipation of a change of control, the plan administrator may cause any outstanding awards to terminate at a specified time in the future and give the participant the right to exercise such awards during a period of time determined by the plan administrator in its sole discretion. Individual award agreements may provide for additional accelerated vesting and payment provisions.
Repricing
The plan administrator may, without approval of the stockholders, reduce the exercise price of any stock option or SAR, or cancel any stock option or SAR in exchange for cash, other awards or stock options or SARs with an exercise price per share that is less than the exercise price per share of the original stock options or SARs.
Foreign Participants, Claw-back Provisions, Transferability and Participant Payments
The plan administrator may modify award terms, establish subplans and/or adjust other terms and conditions of awards, subject to the share limits described above, in order to facilitate grants of awards subject to the laws and/or stock exchange rules of countries outside of the United States. All awards will be subject to any company clawback policy as set forth in such clawback policy or the applicable award agreement. Awards under the Incentive Plan are generally non-transferrable, except by will or the laws of descent and distribution, or, subject to the plan administrator’s consent, pursuant to a domestic relations order, and are generally exercisable only by the participant. With regard to tax withholding, exercise price and purchase price obligations arising in connection with awards under the Incentive Plan, the plan administrator may, in its discretion, accept cash or check, shares of Combined Company Common Stock that meet specified conditions, a “market sell order” or such other consideration as it deems suitable.
Plan Amendment and Termination
The Combined Company Board may amend or terminate the Incentive Plan at any time; however, no amendment, other than an amendment that increases the number of shares available under the Incentive Plan, may materially and adversely affect an award outstanding under the Incentive Plan without the consent of the affected participant, and stockholder approval will be obtained for any amendment to the extent necessary to comply with applicable laws. The Incentive Plan will remain in effect until terminated by the plan administrator in accordance with the Incentive Plan. No awards may be granted under the Incentive Plan after its termination. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an ISO may not be granted under the Incentive Plan after the tenth anniversary of the earlier of (i) the date the Combined Company Board adopts the Incentive Plan, or (ii) the date the Combined Company’s stockholders approve the Incentive Plan.
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences
The following is a general summary under current law of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences related to awards under the Incentive Plan. This summary deals with the general federal income tax principles that apply and is provided only for general information. Some kinds of taxes, such as state, local and foreign income taxes and federal employment taxes, are not discussed. This summary is not intended as tax advice to participants, who should consult their own tax advisors.
| • | Non-Qualified Stock Options. If a participant is granted an NSO under the Incentive Plan, the optionee should not have taxable income on the grant of the option. Generally, the participant should recognize ordinary income at the time of exercise in an amount equal to the fair market value of the shares acquired on the date of exercise, less the exercise price paid for the shares. The participant’s basis in |
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| the common stock for purposes of determining gain or loss on a subsequent sale or disposition of such shares generally will be the fair market value of Combined Company Common Stock on the date the participant exercises such option. Any subsequent gain or loss will be taxable as a long-term or short-term capital gain or loss. The Combined Company or its subsidiaries or affiliates generally should be entitled to a federal income tax deduction at the time and for the same amount as the participant recognizes ordinary income. |
| • | Incentive Stock Options. A participant receiving ISOs should not recognize taxable income upon grant. Additionally, if applicable holding period requirements are met, the participant should not recognize taxable income at the time of exercise. However, the excess of the fair market value of the shares of Combined Company Common Stock received over the option exercise price is an item of tax preference income potentially subject to the alternative minimum tax. If stock acquired upon exercise of an ISO is held for a minimum of two years from the date of grant and one year from the date of exercise and otherwise satisfies the ISO requirements, the gain or loss (in an amount equal to the difference between the fair market value on the date of disposition and the exercise price) upon disposition of the stock will be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss, and we will not be entitled to any deduction. If the holding period requirements are not met, the ISO will be treated as one that does not meet the requirements of the Code for ISOs and the participant will recognize ordinary income at the time of the disposition equal to the excess of the amount realized over the exercise price, but not more than the excess of the fair market value of the shares on the date the ISO is exercised over the exercise price, with any remaining gain or loss being treated as capital gain or capital loss. The Combined Company or its subsidiaries or affiliates generally are not entitled to a federal income tax deduction upon either the exercise of an ISO or upon disposition of the shares acquired pursuant to such exercise, except to the extent that the participant recognizes ordinary income on disposition of the shares. |
| • | Other Awards. The current federal income tax consequences of other awards authorized under the Incentive Plan generally follow certain basic patterns: SARs are taxed and deductible in substantially the same manner as NSOs; nontransferable restricted stock subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture results in income recognition equal to the excess of the fair market value over the price paid, if any, only at the time the restrictions lapse (unless the recipient elects to accelerate recognition as of the date of grant through a Section 83(b) election); RSUs, dividend equivalents and other stock or cash based awards are generally subject to tax at the time of payment. The Combined Company or its subsidiaries or affiliates generally should be entitled to a federal income tax deduction at the time and for the same amount as the participant recognizes ordinary income. |
Section 409A of the Code
Certain types of awards under the Incentive Plan may constitute, or provide for, a deferral of compensation subject to Section 409A of the Code. Unless certain requirements set forth in Section 409A of the Code are complied with, holders of such awards may be taxed earlier than would otherwise be the case (e.g., at the time of vesting instead of the time of payment) and may be subject to an additional 20% penalty tax (and, potentially, certain interest, penalties and additional state taxes). To the extent applicable, the Incentive Plan and awards granted under the Incentive Plan are intended to be structured and interpreted in a manner intended to either comply with or be exempt from Section 409A of the Code and the Department of Treasury regulations and other interpretive guidance that may be issued under Section 409A of the Code. To the extent determined necessary or appropriate by the plan administrator, the Incentive Plan and applicable award agreements may be amended to further comply with Section 409A of the Code or to exempt the applicable awards from Section 409A of the Code.
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New Plan Benefits
Benefits or amounts that may be received or allocated to directors, officers and employees under the Incentive Plan will be determined at the discretion of the plan administrator and are not currently determinable. Therefore, it is not possible at this time to determine the future benefits or amounts that may be received by participants in the Incentive Plan. The per share market value of Live Oak’s common stock as of the close of business on [____], 2026 was $[____].
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the Incentive Plan Proposal does not require the passing of a resolution under the Current Charter and Cayman Islands law. Notwithstanding this, the Live Oak Board is asking the Live Oak shareholders to approve the Incentive Plan Proposal as an ordinary resolution, being a resolution passed by a majority of the votes which are cast by those holders of Live Oak Ordinary Shares who, being entitled to do so, vote in person or by proxy at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting and will have no effect on any of the proposals.
The adoption of the Incentive Plan Proposal is conditioned upon the adoption of the Business Combination Proposal and the Required Proposals.
Resolution to be Voted Upon
The full text of the resolution to be passed is as follows:
“RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that adoption of the 2026 Incentive Award Plan, a copy of which is attached to the proxy statement/prospectus as Annex E, be confirmed, ratified and approved.”
Recommendation of the Live Oak Board
THE LIVE OAK BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE INCENTIVE PLAN PROPOSAL.
The existence of financial and personal interests of Live Oak’s directors and officers may result in conflicts of interest, including a conflict between what may be in the best interests of Live Oak and what may be best for a director’s personal interests when determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. Teamshares Stockholders, officers and directors also have interests in the Business Combination that are different than those of Live Oak’s shareholders. As a result, there may be actual or potential material conflicts of interest between, on the one hand, Live Oak’s sponsor, its affiliates, Live Oak directors and officers, or Teamshares directors and officers, and on the other hand, unaffiliated security holders of Live Oak. See the sections entitled “Proposal 1: The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of Live Oak’s Sponsor, Directors, Officers and Advisors in the Business Combination”, “Beneficial Ownership of Securities” and “Questions and Answers About the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting — What interests do Teamshares directors and officers have in the Business Combination?” in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus for a further discussion.
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THE EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN PROPOSAL (PROPOSAL 11)
Overview
Live Oak is asking its stockholders to approve the Teamshares Inc. 2026 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) and the material terms thereunder. The Live Oak Board adopted the ESPP, prior to the Live Oak extraordinary general meeting, subject to stockholder approval at the Live Oak extraordinary general meeting. The ESPP will become effective upon the Closing of the Business Combination assuming approval of this proposal by our shareholders.
The ESPP, if approved, will provide employees of the Combined Company and its participating subsidiaries with the opportunity to purchase shares of Combined Company Common Stock at a discount through accumulated payroll deductions during successive offering periods. We believe that the ESPP enhances such employees’ sense of participation in performance, aligns their interests with those of stockholders, and is a necessary and powerful incentive and retention tool that benefits stockholders. Accordingly, the Live Oak Board believes that approval of the ESPP is in the best interests of Live Oak and the Live Oak Board recommends that stockholders vote for approval of the ESPP.
The ESPP is described in more detail below. A copy of the ESPP is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex F.
Description of the Material Features of the ESPP
Summary of the ESPP
This section summarizes certain principal features of the ESPP. The summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the ESPP.
Purpose of the ESPP
The purpose of the ESPP is to assist eligible employees of the Combined Company and its participating subsidiaries in acquiring a stock ownership interest in the Combined Company pursuant to a plan which is intended to qualify as an “employee stock purchase plan” within the meaning of Section 423(b) of the Code.
Administration
The Combined Company Board or a committee designated by the Combined Company Board will have the authority to interpret the terms of the ESPP and determine eligibility of participants. The compensation committee is the administrator of the ESPP.
Eligibility
The plan administrator may designate certain of the Combined Company’s subsidiaries as participating “designated subsidiaries” in the ESPP and may change these designations from time to time. Employees of the Combined Company and its participating designated subsidiaries are eligible to participate in the ESPP if they meet the eligibility requirements under the ESPP established from time to time by the plan administrator. However, an employee may not be granted rights to purchase shares under the ESPP if such employee, immediately after the grant, would own (directly or through attribution) shares possessing 5% or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of common shares or other classes of shares.
If the grant of a purchase right under the ESPP to any eligible employee who is a citizen or resident of a foreign jurisdiction would be prohibited under the laws of such foreign jurisdiction or the grant of a purchase right to such employee in compliance with the laws of such foreign jurisdiction would cause the ESPP to violate the requirements of Section 423 of the Code, as determined by the plan administrator in its sole discretion, such employee will not be permitted to participate in the ESPP.
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Eligible employees become participants in the ESPP by enrolling and authorizing payroll deductions by the deadline established by the plan administrator prior to the relevant offering date. Directors who are not employees, as well as consultants, are not eligible to participate. Employees who choose to not participate, or are not eligible to participate at the start of an offering period but who become eligible thereafter, may enroll in any subsequent offering period.
Following the Closing, the Combined Company is expected to have approximately [__] employees who would be eligible to participate in the ESPP.
Shares Available for Awards
The initial aggregate number of shares of Combined Company Common Stock that will be available for issuance under the ESPP will be equal to 2% of the shares of Combined Company Common Stock outstanding (assuming all shares of Combined Company Common Stock reserved under the Incentive Plan have been issued) as of immediately following the Closing of the Business Combination. In addition, the number of shares of Combined Company Common Stock available for issuance under the ESPP will be annually increased on the first day of each calendar year beginning January 1, 2027 and ending on and including January 1, 2036, equal to (i) 1% of the aggregate number of shares of Combined Company Common Stock outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year or (ii) such smaller number of shares as is determined by the Combined Company Board. In no event will more than 100,000,000 shares of Combined Company Common Stock be available for issuance under the ESPP. Any shares distributed pursuant to the ESPP may consist, in whole or in part, of authorized and unissued common stock, treasury common stock or common stock purchased on the open market.
Assuming there are no redemptions in connection with the Business Combination, the estimated number of shares outstanding (assuming all shares of Combined Company Common Stock reserved under the Incentive Plan have been issued) as of the Closing of the Business Combination will be [____]; therefore, the maximum potential initial share limit for the ESPP as of the Closing of the Business Combination will be [____].
We cannot precisely predict the Combined Company share usage under the ESPP as it will depend on a range of factors including the level of Combined Company employee participation, the contribution rates of participants, the trading price of Combined Company Common Stock and Company future hiring activity.
Participation in an Offering
| • | Offering Periods and Purchase Periods. We intend for the ESPP to qualify under Section 423 of the Code and stock will be offered under the ESPP during offering periods. The length of offering periods under the ESPP will be determined by the plan administrator and may be up to 27 months long. Employee payroll deductions will be used to purchase shares on each purchase date during an offering period. The number of purchase periods within, and purchase dates during, each offering period will be established by the plan administrator. Offering periods under the ESPP will commence when determined by the plan administrator. The plan administrator may, in its discretion, modify the terms of future offering periods. |
| • | Enrollment and Contributions. The ESPP will permit participants to purchase shares through payroll deductions of up to 20% of their eligible compensation, unless otherwise determined by the plan administrator, which generally will include a participant’s gross base compensation for services to us, but excluding overtime payments, sales commissions, periodic bonuses, one-time bonuses, expense reimbursements, fringe benefits and other special payments. The plan administrator will establish a maximum number of shares that may be purchased by a participant during any offering period or purchase period, which, in the absence of a contrary designation, will be 5,000 shares for an offering period and/or a purchase period. In addition, no employee will be permitted to accrue the right to |
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| purchase stock under the ESPP at a rate in excess of $25,000 worth of shares during any calendar year during which such a purchase right is outstanding (based on the fair market value per share of Combined Company Common Stock as of the first day of the offering period). |
| • | Purchase Rights. On the first trading day of each offering period, each participant automatically will be granted an option to purchase shares of Combined Company Common Stock. The option will be exercised on the applicable purchase date(s) during the offering period, to the extent of the payroll deductions accumulated during the applicable purchase period. |
| • | Purchase Price. The purchase price of the shares, in the absence of a contrary determination by the plan administrator, will be 85% of the lower of the fair market value of Combined Company Common Stock on the first trading day of the offering period or on the applicable purchase date, which will be the final trading day of the applicable purchase period. |
| • | Withdrawal and Termination of Employment. Participants may voluntarily end their participation in the ESPP at any time at least two weeks prior to the end of the applicable offering period (or such longer or shorter period specified by the plan administrator), and will be paid their accrued payroll deductions that have not yet been used to purchase shares of Combined Company Common Stock. Participation ends automatically upon a participant’s termination of employment. |
Certain Transactions
In the event of certain transactions or events affecting Combined Company Common Stock, such as any stock dividend or other distribution, change in control, reorganization, merger, consolidation or other corporate transaction, the plan administrator will make equitable adjustments to the ESPP and outstanding rights. In addition, in the event of the foregoing transactions or events or certain significant transactions, including a change in control, the plan administrator may provide for (i) either the replacement of outstanding rights with other rights or property or termination of outstanding rights in exchange for cash, (ii) the assumption or substitution of outstanding rights by the successor or survivor corporation or parent or subsidiary thereof, (iii) the adjustment in the number and type of shares of stock subject to outstanding rights, (iv) the use of participants’ accumulated payroll deductions to purchase stock on a new purchase date prior to the next scheduled purchase date and termination of any rights under ongoing offering periods or (v) the termination of all outstanding rights. Under the ESPP, a change in control has the same definition as given to such term in the Incentive Plan.
Foreign Participants
The administrator may provide special terms, establish supplements to, or amendments, restatements or alternative versions of the ESPP, subject to the share limits described above, in order to facilitate grants of awards subject to the laws and/or stock exchange rules of countries outside of the United States.
Transferability
A participant may not transfer rights granted under the ESPP other than by will, the laws of descent and distribution or as otherwise provided in the ESPP.
Plan Amendment; Termination
The plan administrator may amend, suspend or terminate the ESPP at any time. However, stockholder approval of any amendment to the ESPP must be obtained for any amendment which increases the aggregate number or changes the type of shares that may be sold pursuant to rights under the ESPP in any manner that would be considered the adoption of a new plan within the meaning of Treasury regulation Section 1.423-2(c)(4), or changes the ESPP in any manner that would cause the ESPP to no longer be an employee stock purchase plan within the meaning of Section 423(b) of the Code.
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Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences
The material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ESPP under current income tax law are summarized in the following discussion which deals with the general tax principles applicable to the ESPP, and is intended for general information only. The following discussion is based upon laws, regulations, rulings and decisions now in effect, all of which are subject to change. Other federal taxes and foreign, state and local income taxes, and employment, estate and gift tax considerations, are not discussed, and may vary depending on individual circumstances and from locality to locality.
The ESPP, and the right of participants to make purchases thereunder, is intended to qualify under the provisions of Section 423 of the Code. Under the applicable Code provisions, no income will be taxable to a participant until the sale or other disposition of the shares purchased under the ESPP. This means that an eligible employee will not recognize taxable income on the date the employee is granted an option under the ESPP. In addition, the employee will not recognize taxable income upon the purchase of shares. Upon such sale or disposition, the participant generally will be subject to tax in an amount that depends upon the length of time such shares are held by the participant prior to disposing of them.
If the shares are sold or disposed of more than two years from the date of grant and more than one year from the date of purchase, or if the participant dies while holding the shares, the participant (or the participant’s estate) will recognize ordinary income measured as the lesser of (1) the excess of the fair market value of the shares at the time of such sale or disposition (or death) over the purchase price or (2) an amount equal to the discount (generally, 15%) from the fair market value of the shares as of the date of grant. Any additional gain will be treated as long-term capital gain. If the shares are held for the holding periods described above but are sold for a price that is less than the purchase price, there is no ordinary income and the participating employee has a long-term capital loss for the difference between the sale price and the purchase price.
If the shares are sold or otherwise disposed of before the expiration of the holding periods described above, the participant will recognize ordinary income generally measured as the excess of the fair market value of the shares on the date the shares are purchased over the purchase price and the Combined Company will be entitled to a tax deduction for compensation expense in the amount of ordinary income recognized by the employee. Any additional gain or loss on such sale or disposition will be long-term or short-term capital gain or loss, depending on how long the shares were held following the date they were purchased by the participant prior to disposing of them. If the shares are sold or otherwise disposed of before the expiration of the holding periods described above but are sold for a price that is less than the purchase price, the participant will recognize ordinary income equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares on the date of purchase over the purchase price (and the Combined Company will be entitled to a corresponding deduction), but the participant generally will be able to report a capital loss equal to the difference between the sales price of the shares and the fair market value of the shares on the date of purchase.
The Combined Company or its subsidiaries or affiliates generally are not entitled to a federal income tax deduction upon either the exercise of an option or upon disposition of the shares acquired pursuant to such exercise, except to the extent that the participant recognizes ordinary income on disposition of the shares, subject to Code limitations.
New Plan Benefits
Benefits under the ESPP will depend on the employees’ enrollment and contribution elections, and the fair market value of the shares at various future dates. Therefore, it is not possible to determine the benefits that will be received in the future by participants in the ESPP. The per share market value of Live Oak’s common stock as of the close of business on [____] was $[__].
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Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal does not require the passing of a resolution under the Current Charter and Cayman Islands law. Notwithstanding this, the Live Oak Board is asking the Live Oak shareholders to approve the Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal as an ordinary resolution, being a resolution passed by a majority of the votes which are cast by those holders of Live Oak Ordinary Shares who, being entitled to do so, vote in person or by proxy at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting and will have no effect on any of the proposals.
The adoption of the Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal is conditioned upon the adoption of the Business Combination Proposal and the Required Proposals.
Resolution to be Voted Upon
The full text of the resolution to be passed is as follows:
“RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that adoption of the Teamshares Inc. 2026 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, a copy of which is attached to the proxy statement/prospectus as Annex F, be confirmed, ratified and approved.”
Recommendation of the Live Oak Board
THE LIVE OAK BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN PROPOSAL.
The existence of financial and personal interests of Live Oak’s directors and officers may result in conflicts of interest, including a conflict between what may be in the best interests of Live Oak and what may be best for a director’s personal interests when determining to recommend that shareholders vote for the proposals. Teamshares Stockholders, officers and directors also have interests in the Business Combination that are different than those of Live Oak’s shareholders. As a result, there may be actual or potential material conflicts of interest between, on the one hand, Live Oak’s sponsor, its affiliates, Live Oak directors and officers, or Teamshares directors and officers, and on the other hand, unaffiliated security holders of Live Oak. See the sections entitled “Proposal 1: The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of Live Oak’s Sponsor, Directors, Officers and Advisors in the Business Combination”, “Beneficial Ownership of Securities” and “Questions and Answers About the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting — What interests do Teamshares directors and officers have in the Business Combination?” in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus for a further discussion.
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THE NASDAQ PROPOSAL (PROPOSAL 12)
Overview
Pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(a), shareholder approval is required prior to the issuance of securities in connection with the acquisition of another company if, due to the present or potential issuance of common stock, including shares issued pursuant to an earnout provision or similar type of provision, or securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock, other than a public offering for cash and (A) have, or will have upon issuance, voting power equal to or in excess of 20% of the voting power outstanding before the issuance of common stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock); or (B) the number of shares of common stock to be issued is or will be equal to or in excess of 20% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding before the issuance of the stock or securities. Additionally, under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(b), shareholder approval is required prior to the issuance of securities when the issuance or potential issuance will result in a change of control of the registrant. Upon the consummation of the Business Combination, the Combined Company expects to issue approximately [ ] shares of Common Stock in connection with the Business Combination. For further details, see “The Business Combination Proposal.”
Accordingly, the aggregate number of shares of Combined Company Common Stock that the Combined Company will issue in connection with the Business Combination will exceed 20% of both the voting power and the shares of Combined Company Common Stock outstanding before such issuance and this issuance of shares may result in a change of control of the registrant under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(b), and for these reasons, Live Oak is seeking the approval of Live Oak shareholders for the issuance of Combined Company Common Stock in connection with the Business Combination.
Resolution to be Voted Upon
The full text of the resolution to be passed is as follows:
“RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that for the purposes of complying with the applicable provisions of Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(a) and (b), the issuance of up to [ ] shares of Combined Company Common Stock in connection with the Business Combination, be approved.”
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the Nasdaq Proposal does not require the passing of a resolution under the Current Charter and Cayman Islands law. Notwithstanding this, the Live Oak Board is asking the Live Oak shareholders to approve the Nasdaq Proposal by way of an ordinary resolution, being a resolution passed by a majority of the votes which are cast by those holders of Live Oak Ordinary Shares who, being entitled to do so, vote in person or by proxy at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting and will have no effect on any of the proposals.
The Nasdaq Proposal is conditioned on the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and each of the other Required Proposals.
Recommendation of the Live Oak Board
THE LIVE OAK BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SHAREHOLDERS VOTE
“FOR” THE NASDAQ PROPOSAL.
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THE DIRECTOR ELECTION PROPOSAL (PROPOSAL 13)
Effective upon the Closing, the Combined Company Board will consist of five (5), but may consist of up to nine (9) directors, comprised of: (i) two (2) persons that are designated by Live Oak prior to the Closing, (ii) one (1) that is designated mutually agreed by Live Oak and Teamshares and (iii) up to six (6) persons that are designated by Teamshares prior to the Closing, at least a majority of whom will be required to qualify as an independent director under Nasdaq rules.
For more information on the experience of each of these director nominees, see the section entitled “Board of Directors and Management Following the Business Combination” in this proxy statement/prospectus.
Resolution to be Voted Upon
The full text of the resolution to be passed is as follows:
“RESOLVED, as an Ordinary Resolution that, the five (5) persons listed below be elected to serve terms on the Combined Company’s board of directors effective at the Effective Time as set forth in the Combined Company Proposed Charter or until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified, be approved in all respects:
| 1. | Michael Brown |
| 2. | Alex Eu |
| 3. | Adam J. Fishman |
| 4. | Richard J. Hendrix |
| 5. | Evan Moore” |
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the Director Election Proposal does not require the passing of a resolution under the Current Charter or Cayman Islands law. Notwithstanding this, the Live Oak Board is asking the Live Oak shareholders to approve the Director Election Proposal by ordinary resolution, being a resolution passed by a majority of the votes which are cast by those holders of Live Oak Ordinary Shares who, being entitled to do so, vote in person or by proxy at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting and will have no effect on any of the proposals.
The Director Election Proposal is conditioned on the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and each of the other Required Proposals.
Recommendation of the Live Oak Board
THE LIVE OAK BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE DIRECTOR ELECTION PROPOSAL.
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THE INSIDER LETTER AMENDMENTS PROPOSAL (PROPOSAL 14)
Background and Overview
As a condition to the IPO, Live Oak, Live Oak’s officers and directors (at the time of the IPO) and the Sponsor, entered into the Insider Letter on February 27, 2025, pursuant to which each Insider agreed that, subject to certain limited exceptions, the Sponsor Shares will not be transferred, assigned, sold until the earlier of (i) one year following the consummation of Live Oak’s initial business combination; or earlier if, subsequent to the consummation of an initial business combination of Live Oak, the closing price of the shares of Common Stock equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for share sub-divisions, share consolidations, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after the initial business combination (ii) subsequent to the consummation of Live Oak’s initial business combination, the date on which we consummate a transaction which results in all of our shareholders having the right to exchange their shares for cash, securities, or other property subject to certain limited exceptions.
Live Oak shareholders are being asked to approve and adopt the Insider Letter Amendments, which would (a) revise the lock-up period applicable to the Sponsor Shares set forth in the Insider Letter to end on the six (6) month anniversary of the Closing Date and (b) release from the Sponsor Lock-Up such number of Incentive Founder Shares (up to 1,150,000 Incentive Founder Shares) as are actually utilized to secure commitments for Financing Transactions consummated prior to the Closing. As the Insider Letter was a condition to the IPO, Live Oak is seeking shareholder approval to enter into and consummate the Insider Letter Amendments to facilitate the consummation of the Business Combination.
A copy of the Insider Letter Amendments is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex H and Annex I.
Resolution to be Voted Upon
The full text of the resolution to be passed is as follows:
“RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that execution of amendments to the letter agreement, dated as of February 27, 2025, between Live Oak, the Sponsor and the other parties thereto (the “Insider Letter”), copies of which are attached to the proxy statement/prospectus as Annex H and Annex I, be confirmed, ratified and approved.”
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the Insider Letter Amendments Proposal does not require the passing of a resolution under the Current Charter or Cayman Islands law. Notwithstanding this, the Live Oak Board is asking the Live Oak shareholders to approve the Insider Letter Amendments Proposal by ordinary resolution, being a resolution passed by a majority of the votes which are cast by those holders of Live Oak Ordinary Shares who, being entitled to do so, vote in person or by proxy at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting and will have no effect on any of the proposals.
The Insider Letter Amendments Proposal is conditioned on the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and each of the other Required Proposals.
Recommendation of the Live Oak Board
THE LIVE OAK BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE INSIDER LETTER AMENDMENTS PROPOSAL.
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THE ADJOURNMENT PROPOSAL (PROPOSAL 15)
Overview
The Adjournment Proposal, if adopted, will allow the chairman of the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting to adjourn the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting to a later date or dates, at the determination of the chairman of the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. The Adjournment Proposal will only be presented to Live Oak shareholders in the event that based upon the tabulated vote at the time of the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting there are insufficient votes for, or otherwise in connection with, the approval of the Business Combination Proposal, the Domestication Proposal, the Charter Proposal, the Nasdaq Proposal and the Director Election Proposal. In no event will the chairman of the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting adjourn the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting or consummate the Business Combination beyond the date by which it may properly do so under the Current Charter and Cayman Islands law.
Consequences if the Adjournment Proposal is Not Approved
If the Adjournment Proposal is not approved by Live Oak’s shareholders, the chairman of the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting may not be able to adjourn the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting to a later date in the event that there are insufficient votes for, or otherwise in connection with, the approval of the Business Combination Proposal or any other Proposal.
Resolution to be Voted Upon
The full text of the resolution to be passed is as follows:
“RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that the adjournment of the Extraordinary General Meeting to a later date or dates to be determined by the chairman of the Extraordinary General Meeting, if necessary, to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies be confirmed, ratified and approved in all respects.”
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the Adjournment Proposal will require an ordinary resolution under the Current Charter and Cayman Islands law, being a resolution passed by a majority of the votes which are cast by those holders of Live Oak Ordinary Shares who, being entitled to do so, vote in person or by proxy at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, will not count as votes cast at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting and will have no effect on any of the proposals.
Recommendation of the Live Oak Board
THE LIVE OAK BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE ADJOURNMENT PROPOSAL.
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U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS FOR HOLDERS OF PUBLIC SHARES, LIVE OAK PUBLIC WARRANTS, COMBINED COMPANY COMMON STOCK, AND/OR COMBINED COMPANY WARRANTS
The following is a general discussion of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of (i) the Mergers to beneficial owners of Public Shares who do not exercise their redemption rights, (ii) the Domestication to U.S. Holders and Non-U.S. Holders (as defined below) of Public Shares, and/or Live Oak Public Warrants (iii) the exercise of the redemption rights by U.S. Holders and Non-U.S. Holders, and (iv) the ownership and disposition of Combined Company Common Stock and/or Combined Company Warrants received in the Business Combination to U.S. Holders and Non-U.S. Holders. This section applies only to holders that hold their Public Shares, Live Oak Public Warrants and any stock or warrants exchanged therefor as capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes (generally, property held for investment) and does not address the Sponsor, insiders or their affiliates, representatives, employees or other stakeholders.
This discussion is based on the provisions of the Code, U.S. Treasury regulations, administrative rulings and judicial decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof, and all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations, possibly with retroactive effect. We cannot assure you that a change in law will not significantly alter the tax considerations that we describe in this summary. We have not sought any ruling from the IRS or written opinion from our tax advisors with respect to the statements made and the positions or conclusions described in the following summary. Such statements, positions and conclusions are not free from doubt, and there can be no assurance that your tax advisor, the IRS or a court will agree with such statements and conclusions.
This summary does not discuss the alternative minimum tax or the application of Section 451(b) of the Code, and does not address the Medicare tax on certain investment income, U.S. federal estate or gift tax laws, any state, local or non-U.S. tax laws, any tax treaties or any other tax law other than U.S. federal income tax law. Furthermore, this discussion does not address all U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular holder in light of the holder’s circumstances or that may be relevant to certain categories of investors that may be subject to special rules, such as:
| • | entities or arrangements treated as partnerships or pass-through entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes or holders of interests therein; |
| • | our founders, Sponsor, officers or directors or other holders of our Class B ordinary shares or private placement warrants; |
| • | banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions; |
| • | tax-exempt or governmental organizations; |
| • | “qualified foreign pension funds” as defined in Section 897(l)(2) of the Code (or any entities all of the interests of which are held by a qualified foreign pension fund); |
| • | dealers in securities or foreign currencies; |
| • | U.S. Holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; |
| • | traders in securities that use the mark-to-market method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes; |
| • | “controlled foreign corporations,” “passive foreign investment companies” and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax; |
| • | persons deemed to sell our securities under the constructive sale provisions of the Code; |
| • | persons that acquired our securities through the exercise of employee share options or otherwise as compensation or through a tax-qualified retirement plan; |
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| • | persons that actually or constructively own 5% percent or more (by vote or value) of any class of our shares; |
| • | persons that hold our securities as part of a straddle, appreciated financial position, synthetic security, hedge, conversion transaction or other integrated investment or risk reduction transaction; |
| • | certain former citizens or long-term residents of the United States; |
| • | regulated investment companies; and |
| • | real estate investment trusts. |
For purposes of this description, a “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of Public Shares, Live Oak Public Warrants on any of the foregoing, Combined Company Common Stock (received for Public Shares) or Combined Company Warrants (received for Live Oak Public Warrants) that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
| • | an individual citizen or resident of the United States; |
| • | a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or organized) in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
| • | an estate whose income is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or |
| • | a trust if (i) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S. persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (ii) it has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
A “Non-U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of Public Shares, Live Oak Public Warrants, Combined Company Common Stock or Combined Company Warrants that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is not a U.S. Holder or a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A Holder is a U.S. Holder or a Non-U.S. Holder.
THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX TREATMENT OF THE EXERCISE OF REDEMPTION RIGHTS OR THE DOMESTICATION MAY BE AFFECTED BY MATTERS NOT DESCRIBED HEREIN AND DEPENDS IN SOME INSTANCES ON DETERMINATIONS OF FACT AND INTERPRETATIONS OF COMPLEX PROVISIONS OF U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAW FOR WHICH NO CLEAR PRECEDENT OR AUTHORITY MAY BE AVAILABLE. WE URGE HOLDERS TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES TO SUCH HOLDER OF THE EXERCISE OF REDEMPTION RIGHTS AND THE DOMESTICATION, AND OWNING AND DISPOSING OF COMBINED COMPANY COMMON STOCK OR COMBINED COMPANY WARRANTS AS A RESULT OF THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, INCLUDING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND FOREIGN INCOME AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES THEREOF.
The Mergers
Beneficial owners of Public Shares who do not exercise their redemption rights will not be selling, exchanging, or otherwise transferring their Public Shares in the Mergers and will therefore not be subject to any material U.S. federal income tax consequences as a result of the Mergers.
U.S. Holders
Tax Consequences of the Domestication to U.S. Holders
Assuming, as discussed above, the Domestication qualifies as an F Reorganization, U.S. Holders of Public Shares generally should not recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in connection with the
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Domestication, except as provided below under the sections entitled “Effects of Section 367 on U.S. Holders” and “PFIC Considerations.”
U.S. Holders exercising redemption rights will not be subject to the potential tax consequences of the Domestication.
Assuming the Domestication qualifies as an F Reorganization, subject to the discussion below under the section entitled “PFIC Considerations”: (i) the tax basis of Combined Company Common Stock and Combined Company Warrants received by a U.S. Holder in the Domestication will equal the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Public Shares and Live Oak Public Warrants surrendered in exchange therefor, increased by any amount included in the income of such U.S. Holder as a result of Section 367 of the Code (as discussed below) and (ii) the holding period for the Combined Company Common Stock or Combined Company Warrant received by a U.S. Holder will include such U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Public Share or Live Oak Public Warrant surrendered in exchange therefor.
Subject to the discussion below under the section entitled “PFIC Considerations,” if the Domestication fails to qualify as an F Reorganization (and does not otherwise qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code), a U.S. Holder of Public Shares generally would recognize gain or loss with respect to its Public Shares in an amount equal to the difference, if any, between the fair market value of the corresponding Combined Company Common Stock received in the Domestication and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its Public Shares surrendered, and a U.S. Holder of a Live Oak Public Warrant generally would recognize gain or loss with respect to such Live Oak Public Warrant in an amount equal to the difference, if any, between the fair market value of the corresponding Combined Company Warrant received in the Domestication and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its Live Oak Public Warrant surrendered. In such a case, the U.S. Holder’s basis in the Combined Company Common Stock and Combined Company Warrants would be equal to the sum of the fair market value of the Combined Company Common Stock and Combined Company Warrants on the date of the Domestication, and such U.S. Holder’s holding period for such Combined Company Common Stock and Combined Company Warrants would begin on the day following the date of the Domestication. Holders who hold different blocks of Public Shares should consult their tax advisors to determine how the above rules apply to them, and the discussion above is general in nature and does not specifically address all of the consequences to U.S. Holders who hold different blocks of Public Shares.
All U.S. Holders considering exercising redemption rights with respect to Public Shares are urged to consult with their own tax advisors with respect to the potential tax consequences to them of the Domestication and exercise of redemption rights.
Effects of Section 367 on U.S. Holders
Section 367 of the Code applies to certain transactions involving foreign corporations, including a domestication of a foreign corporation in a transaction that qualifies as an F Reorganization. Subject to the discussion below under the section entitled “PFIC Considerations,” Section 367(b) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder impose U.S. federal income tax on certain U.S. persons in connection with transactions that would otherwise be tax-deferred. Section 367(b) of the Code will generally apply to U.S. Holders on the date of the Domestication, including any such U.S. Holders exercising redemption rights.
Subject to the discussion below under the section entitled “PFIC Considerations,” a 10% U.S. Shareholder on the date of the Domestication must include in income as a dividend deemed paid by Live Oak the “all earnings and profits amount” attributable to the Public Shares it directly owns within the meaning of Treasury Regulations under Section 367(b) of the Code. A U.S. Holder’s ownership of Live Oak Public Warrants will be taken into account in determining whether such U.S. Holder is a 10% U.S. Shareholder. Complex attribution rules apply in determining whether a U.S. Holder is a 10% U.S. Shareholder and all U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to these attribution rules.
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A 10% U.S. Shareholder’s “all earnings and profits amount” with respect to its Public Shares is the net positive earnings and profits of Live Oak attributable to such Public Shares (as determined under Treasury Regulations under Section 367(b) of the Code) but without regard to any gain that would be realized on a sale or exchange of such Public Shares. Treasury Regulations under Section 367(b) of the Code provide that the “all earnings and profits amount” attributable to a shareholder’s stock is determined according to the principles of Section 1248 of the Code. In general, Section 1248 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations under the Code provide that the amount of earnings and profits attributable to a block of stock (as defined in Treasury Regulations under Section 1248 of the Code) in a foreign corporation is the ratably allocated portion of the foreign corporation’s earnings and profits generated during the period the shareholder held the block of stock.
Live Oak does not expect to have significant cumulative net earnings and profits on the date of the Domestication. However, the determination of earnings and profits is complex and may be impacted by numerous factors (including matters discussed in this proxy statement/prospectus). It is possible that the amount of Live Oak’s cumulative net earnings and profits could be positive through the date of the Domestication, in which case a 10% U.S. Shareholder would be required to include its “all earnings and profits amount” in income as a dividend deemed paid by Live Oak under Treasury Regulations under Section 367(b) of the Code as a result of the Domestication. Any such deemed dividend is expected to be treated as foreign-source income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and is not expected to be eligible for preferential tax rates because Live Oak is expected to be treated as a PFIC.
Subject to the discussion below under the section entitled “PFIC Considerations,” a U.S. Holder who, on the date of the Domestication, is not a 10% U.S. Shareholder and whose Public Shares have a fair market value of $50,000 or more on the date of the Domestication will recognize gain (but not loss) with respect to Combined Company Common Stock received in the Domestication or, in the alternative, may elect to recognize the “all earnings and profits” amount attributable to such U.S. Holder’s Public Shares as described below.
Subject to the discussion below under the section entitled “PFIC Considerations,” unless such U.S. Holder makes the “all earnings and profits election” as described below, such U.S. Holder generally must recognize gain (but not loss) with respect to Combined Company Common Stock received in the Domestication in an amount equal to the excess of the fair market value of such Combined Company Common Stock over the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Public Shares deemed surrendered in exchange therefor. U.S. Holders who hold different blocks of Public Shares (generally, Public Shares purchased or acquired on different dates or at different prices) should consult their own tax advisors to determine how the above rules apply to them.
In lieu of recognizing any gain as described in the preceding paragraph, such U.S. Holder may elect to include in income as a dividend deemed paid by Live Oak the “all earnings and profits amount” attributable to its Public Shares under Section 367(b) of the Code. There are, however, strict conditions for making this election. This election must comply with applicable Treasury Regulations and generally must include, among other things:
| • | a statement that the Domestication is a Section 367(b) exchange (within the meaning of the applicable Treasury Regulations); |
| • | a complete description of the Domestication; |
| • | a description of any stock, securities or other consideration transferred or received in the Domestication; |
| • | a statement describing the amounts required to be taken into account for U.S. federal income tax purposes; |
| • | a statement that the U.S. Holder is making the election described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.367(b)-3(c)(3), which must include (i) a copy of the information that the U.S. Holder received from Live Oak establishing and substantiating the U.S. Holder’s “all earnings and profits amount” with respect to the U.S. Holder’s Public Shares and (ii) a representation that the U.S. Holder has notified Live Oak that the U.S. Holder is making the election described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.367(b)-3(c)(3); and |
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| • | certain other information required to be furnished with the U.S. Holder’s tax return or otherwise furnished pursuant to the Code or the Treasury Regulations. |
The election must be attached by an electing U.S. Holder to such U.S. Holder’s timely filed U.S. federal income tax return (including extensions, if any) for the taxable year in which the Domestication occurs, and the U.S. Holder must send notice of making the election to Live Oak no later than the date such tax return is filed. In connection with this election, Live Oak will reasonably cooperate with U.S. Holders of Public Shares, upon written request, to make available to such requesting U.S. Holders information regarding Live Oak’s earnings and profits.
EACH U.S. HOLDER IS URGED TO CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE CONSEQUENCES TO IT OF MAKING AN ELECTION TO INCLUDE IN INCOME THE “ALL EARNINGS AND PROFITS AMOUNT” ATTRIBUTABLE TO ITS PUBLIC SHARES UNDER SECTION 367(b) OF THE CODE AND THE APPROPRIATE FILING REQUIREMENTS WITH RESPECT TO SUCH AN ELECTION.
A U.S. Holder who, on the date of the Domestication, is not a 10% U.S. Shareholder and whose Public Shares have a fair market value of less than $50,000 on the date of the Domestication generally should not be required by Section 367(b) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder to recognize any gain or loss or include any part of the “all earnings and profits amount” in income in connection with the Domestication. However, such U.S. Holder may be subject to taxation under the PFIC rules as discussed below under the section entitled “PFIC Considerations”, including on subsequent dispositions of its stock or warrants after the Domestication, if Live Oak were a PFIC at any time during the period such U.S. Holder held the Public Shares or Live Oak Public Warrants and if such U.S. Holder were a Non-Electing Shareholder (as defined below).
Assuming the Domestication qualifies as an F Reorganization, subject to the considerations described above relating to a U.S. Holder’s ownership of Live Oak Public Warrants being taken into account in determining whether such U.S. Holder is a 10% U.S. Shareholder for purposes of Section 367(b) of the Code and the considerations described below under the section entitled “PFIC Considerations” relating to the PFIC rules, a U.S. Holder of Live Oak Public Warrants should not be subject to U.S. federal income tax with respect to the exchange of Live Oak Public Warrants in the Domestication.
ALL U.S. HOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE APPLICATION OF SECTION 367 OF THE CODE TO THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES.
PFIC Considerations
Even if the Domestication qualifies as an F Reorganization, Section 1291(f) of the Code requires that, to the extent provided in Treasury Regulations, a U.S. person who disposes of stock of a PFIC (including for this purpose, under a proposed Treasury Regulation that generally treats an “option” (which would generally include a Live Oak Public Warrant) to acquire the stock of a PFIC as stock of the PFIC, who exchanges warrants of a PFIC for newly issued warrants in connection with a domestication transaction) recognizes gain notwithstanding any other provision of the Code. No final Treasury Regulations are currently in effect under Section 1291(f) of the Code. However, proposed Treasury Regulations under Section 1291(f) of the Code have been promulgated with a retroactive proposed effective date. If finalized in their current form, those proposed Treasury Regulations would require gain recognition to U.S. Holders of Public Shares and Live Oak Public Warrants as a result of the Domestication if:
| • | Live Oak were classified as a PFIC at any time during such U.S. Holder’s holding period in such Public Shares or Live Oak Public Warrants; and |
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| • | the U.S. Holder had not timely made (i) a QEF Election (as defined below) for the first taxable year in which the U.S. Holder owned such Public Shares or in which Live Oak was a PFIC, whichever is later (or a QEF Election along with a purging election), or (ii) an MTM Election (as defined below) with respect to such Public Shares. Under current law, neither a QEF Election nor an MTM Election can be made with respect to warrants (including Live Oak Public Warrants). |
The tax on any such recognized gain would be imposed based on a complex set of computational rules designed to offset the tax deferral with respect to the undistributed earnings of Live Oak. Under these rules (the “excess distributions regime”):
| • | the U.S. Holder’s gain will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for such U.S. Holder’s Public Shares or Live Oak Public Warrants; |
| • | the amount of gain allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which the U.S. Holder recognized the gain, or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holding period before the first day of the first taxable year in which Live Oak was a PFIC, will be taxed as ordinary income; |
| • | the amount of gain allocated to other taxable years (or portions of such taxable years) of the U.S. Holder and included in such U.S. Holder’s holding period would be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and applicable to the U.S. Holder; and |
| • | an additional tax equal to the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the U.S. Holder in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year (described in the bullet immediately above) of such U.S. Holder. |
The proposed Treasury Regulations provide coordinating rules with Section 367(b) of the Code, whereby, if the gain recognition rule of the proposed Treasury Regulations applied to a disposition of PFIC stock that results from a transfer with respect to which Section 367(b) of the Code requires the U.S. Holder to recognize gain or include an amount in income as a dividend deemed paid by Live Oak, the gain realized on the transfer is taxable as an excess distribution under the excess distribution regime, and the excess, if any, of the amount to be included in income under Section 367(b) of the Code over the gain realized under the excess distribution regime is taxable as provided under Section 367(b) of the Code.
In general, a non-U.S. corporation will be treated as a PFIC with respect to a U.S. Holder in any taxable year in which, after applying certain look-through rules, either:
| • | at least 75% of its gross income for such taxable year, including its pro rata share of the gross income of any corporation in which it is considered to own at least 25% of the shares by value, consists of passive income (which generally includes dividends, interest, rents and royalties (other than rents or royalties derived from the active conduct of a trade or business) and gains from the disposition of passive assets); or |
| • | at least 50% of its assets in a taxable year (ordinarily determined based on fair market value and averaged quarterly over the year), including its pro rata share of the assets of any corporation in which it is considered to own at least 25% of the shares by value, produce or are held for the production of passive income. |
It is difficult to predict whether, in what form and with what effective date, final Treasury Regulations under Section 1291(f) of the Code may be adopted or how any such final Treasury Regulations would apply. Therefore, U.S. Holders of Public Shares that have not made a timely and effective QEF Election (or a QEF Election along with a purging election) or an MTM Election (each as defined below) may, pursuant to the proposed Treasury Regulations, be subject to taxation under the PFIC rules on the Domestication with respect to their Public Shares and Live Oak Public Warrants under the excess distribution regime in the manner set forth above. A U.S. Holder that made a timely and effective QEF Election (or a QEF Election along with a purging election) or an MTM
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Election with respect to its Public Shares is referred to in this proxy statement/prospectus as an “Electing Shareholder” and a U.S. Holder that is not an Electing Shareholder is referred to in this proxy statement/ prospectus as a “Non-Electing Shareholder.”
As discussed above, proposed Treasury Regulations issued under the PFIC rules generally treat an “option” (which would include a Live Oak Public Warrant) to acquire the stock of a PFIC as stock of the PFIC, while final Treasury Regulations issued under the PFIC rules provide that neither a QEF Election nor an MTM Election (as defined below) may be made with respect to options. Therefore, it is possible that the proposed Treasury Regulations, if finalized in their current form, would apply to cause gain recognition on the exchange of Live Oak Public Warrants pursuant to the Domestication.
Any gain recognized by a Non-Electing Shareholder of Public Shares or a U.S. Holder of Live Oak Public Warrants as a result of the Domestication pursuant to the PFIC rules would be taxable income to such U.S. Holder and taxed under the excess distribution regime in the manner set forth above, with no corresponding receipt of cash.
Pursuant to a “start-up exception”, a corporation will not be a PFIC for the first taxable year the corporation has gross income if (1) no predecessor of the corporation was a PFIC; (2) the corporation satisfies the IRS that it will not be a PFIC for either of the first two taxable years following the start-up year; and (3) the corporation is not in fact a PFIC for either of those years. Taking into account all relevant facts and circumstances, however, there is a material risk that Live Oak will not be eligible for the “start-up exception.” If Live Oak is determined to be a PFIC for any taxable year (or portion thereof) that is included in the holding period of a U.S. Holder of Public Shares and the U.S. Holder did not make either (a) a timely “qualified election fund” (QEF) election for Live Oak’s first taxable year as a PFIC in which the U.S. Holder held (or was deemed to hold) Public Shares, (b) a QEF election along with a “purging election,” or (c) a “mark-to-market” (MTM) election, all of which are described further below, such U.S. Holder generally will be subject to special rules with respect to any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its Public Shares and any “excess distribution” made to the U.S. Holder. Excess distributions are generally any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a taxable year of the U.S. Holder that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the Public Shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter, such U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Public Shares.
A U.S. Holder’s ability to make a QEF election with respect to its Public Shares is contingent upon, among other things, the provision by Live Oak of certain information that would enable the U.S. Holder to make and maintain a QEF election. There can be no assurance that Live Oak will timely provide information that is required to make and maintain the QEF election.
As indicated above, if a U.S. Holder of Public Shares has not made a timely and effective QEF election with respect to Live Oak’s first taxable year as a PFIC in which the U.S. Holder held (or was deemed to hold) Public Shares, such U.S. Holder generally may nonetheless qualify as an Electing Shareholder by filing on a timely filed U.S. income tax return (including extensions) a QEF election and a purging election to recognize under the rules of Section 1291 of the Code any gain that it would otherwise recognize if the U.S. Holder sold its Public Shares for their fair market value on the “qualification date.” The qualification date is the first day of Live Oak’s tax year in which Live Oak qualifies as a QEF with respect to such U.S. Holder. The purging election can only be made if such U.S. Holder held Public Shares on the qualification date. The gain recognized by the purging election will be subject to the special tax and interest charge rules treating the gain as an excess distribution, as described above. As a result of the purging election, the U.S. Holder will increase the adjusted tax basis in its Public Shares by the amount of the gain recognized and will also have a new holding period in the Public Shares for purposes of the PFIC rules.
Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable shares, the U.S. Holder may make an MTM election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. If the U.S. Holder makes a valid MTM election for the first taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which the U.S.
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Holder holds (or is deemed to hold) Public Shares and for which Live Oak is determined to be a PFIC, such holder will not be subject to the PFIC rules described above in respect to its Public Shares. Instead, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its Public Shares at the end of its taxable year over the adjusted basis in its Public Shares. The U.S. Holder also will be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its Public Shares over the fair market value of its Public Shares at the end of its taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previously included income as a result of the mark-to-market election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in its Public Shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts and any further gain recognized on a sale or other taxable disposition of the Public Shares will be treated as ordinary income. The MTM election is available only for shares that are regularly traded on a national securities exchange that is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or on a foreign exchange or market that the IRS determines has rules sufficient to ensure that the market price represents a legitimate and sound fair market value. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the availability and tax consequences of an MTM election in respect to Public Shares under their particular circumstances.
The rules dealing with PFICs and with the timely QEF election, the QEF election with a purging election, and the MTM election are very complex and are affected by various factors in addition to those described above. Accordingly, a U.S. Holder of Public Shares should consult its own tax advisor concerning the application of the PFIC rules to such securities under such holder’s particular circumstances.
Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders of the Redemption of Public Shares
Subject to the PFIC rules described above, in the event that a U.S. Holder of Public Shares exercises such holder’s right to have such holder’s Public Shares redeemed pursuant to the redemption provisions described herein, the treatment of the transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes will depend on whether the redemption qualifies as a sale of such Public Shares pursuant to Section 302 of the Code or whether the U.S. Holder will be treated as receiving a corporate distribution within the meaning of Section 301 of the Code. Whether that redemption qualifies for sale treatment will depend largely on the total number of Public Shares treated as held by the U.S. Holder (including any Public Shares constructively owned by the U.S. Holder as a result of, among other things, owning warrants) relative to all Public Shares treated as held both before and after the redemption. The redemption of Public Shares generally will be treated as a sale of the shares (rather than as a corporate distribution) if the redemption is “substantially disproportionate” with respect to the U.S. Holder, results in a “complete termination” of the U.S. Holder’s interest in Live Oak or is “not essentially equivalent to a dividend” with respect to the U.S. Holder. These tests are explained more fully below.
In determining whether any of the foregoing tests are satisfied, a U.S. Holder takes into account not only stock actually owned by the U.S. Holder, but also Public Shares that are constructively owned by such U.S. Holder. A U.S. Holder may constructively own, in addition to stock owned directly, stock owned by certain related individuals and entities in which the U.S. Holder has an interest or that have an interest in such U.S. Holder, as well as any stock the U.S. Holder has a right to acquire by exercise of an option, which generally would include Public Shares that could be acquired pursuant to the exercise of the Live Oak Public Warrants. In order to meet the substantially disproportionate test, the percentage of Live Oak’s outstanding voting stock actually and constructively owned by the U.S. Holder immediately following the redemption of Public Shares must, among other requirements, be less than 80% of the percentage of Live Oak’s outstanding voting stock actually and constructively owned by the U.S. Holder immediately before the redemption. There will be a complete termination of a U.S. Holder’s interest if either all the Public Shares actually and constructively owned by the U.S. Holder are redeemed or all the Public Shares actually owned by the U.S. Holder are redeemed and the U.S. Holder is eligible to waive, and effectively waives in accordance with specific rules, the attribution of stock owned by certain family members and the U.S. Holder does not constructively own any other stock. The redemption of the Public Shares will not be essentially equivalent to a dividend if a U.S. Holder’s redemption results in a “meaningful reduction” of the U.S. Holder’s proportionate interest in Live Oak. Whether the redemption will result in a meaningful reduction in a U.S. Holder’s proportionate interest in Live Oak will
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depend on the particular facts and circumstances. However, the IRS has indicated in a published ruling that even a small reduction in the proportionate interest of a small minority stockholder in a publicly held corporation who exercises no control over corporate affairs may constitute such a “meaningful reduction.” A U.S. Holder should consult with its own tax advisors as to the tax consequences of redemption.
If the redemption qualifies as a sale of stock by the U.S. Holder under Section 302 of the Code, the U.S. Holder generally will be required to recognize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference, if any, between the amount of cash received and the tax basis of the Public Shares redeemed. Such gain or loss should be treated as capital gain or loss if such shares were held as a capital asset on the date of the redemption. A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in such holder’s Public Shares generally will equal the cost of such shares.
If the redemption does not qualify as a sale of stock under Section 302 of the Code, then the U.S. Holder will be treated as receiving a corporate distribution. Such distribution generally will constitute a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will constitute a return of capital that will be applied against and reduce (but not below zero) the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such U.S. Holder’s Public Shares. Any remaining excess will be treated as gain realized on the sale or other disposition of such Public Shares. Special rules apply to dividends received by U.S. Holders that are taxable corporations. After the application of the foregoing rules, any remaining tax basis of the U.S. Holder in the redeemed Public Shares will be added to the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its remaining shares, or, if it has none, to the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its Public Warrants or possibly in other shares constructively owned by such U.S. Holder.
ALL U.S. HOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF AN EXERCISE OF REDEMPTION RIGHTS.
Tax Consequences of Ownership and Disposition of Combined Company Common Stock
Distributions on Combined Company Common Stock
In general, distributions of cash or other property to U.S. Holders of Combined Company Common Stock (other than certain distributions of Combined Company stock or rights to acquire Combined Company stock) generally will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from Combined Company’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits generally will constitute a return of capital that will be applied against and reduce (but not below zero) the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its Combined Company Common Stock. Any remaining excess generally will be treated as gain realized on the sale or other disposition of Combined Company Common Stock, as described below under the section entitled “Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Combined Company Securities.”
Dividends paid to a U.S. Holder that is treated as a taxable corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally will qualify for the dividends received deduction if the requisite holding period is satisfied. With certain exceptions (including dividends treated as investment income for purposes of investment interest deduction limitations), and provided certain holding period requirements are met, dividends paid to a non-corporate U.S. Holder generally will constitute “qualified dividend income” subject to tax at reduced rates applicable to long-term capital gains.
Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Combined Company Securities
Upon a sale or other taxable disposition of Combined Company Common Stock and Combined Company Warrants (collectively, “Combined Company Securities”), a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the applicable Combined Company Securities. Any such capital gain or loss generally will be long-term
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capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Combined Company Securities so disposed of exceeds one year. Long-term capital gains recognized by non-corporate U.S. Holders may be eligible to be taxed at reduced rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.
Generally, the amount of gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder is an amount equal to the difference between (i) the sum of the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received in such disposition and (ii) the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its Combined Company Securities so disposed of. See the section entitled “Tax Consequences of the Domestication to U.S. Holders” above for discussion of a U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its Combined Company Securities following the Domestication. See the section entitled “Exercise, Lapse or Redemption of Combined Company Warrants” below for a discussion regarding a U.S. Holder’s tax basis in Combined Company Common Stock acquired pursuant to the exercise of a Combined Company Warrant.
Exercise, Lapse or Redemption of Combined Company Warrants
A U.S. Holder generally will not recognize taxable gain or loss on the acquisition of Combined Company Common Stock upon exercise of Combined Company Warrants for cash. The U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the shares of Combined Company Common Stock received upon exercise of Combined Company Warrants generally will be an amount equal to the sum of the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in Combined Company Warrants and the exercise price. It is unclear whether the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Combined Company Common Stock received upon exercise of Combined Company Warrants will begin on the date following the date of exercise or on the date of exercise of Combined Company Warrants; in either case, the holding period will not include the period during which the U.S. Holder held Combined Company Warrants. If any Combined Company Warrants are allowed to lapse unexercised, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize a capital loss equal to such holder’s tax basis in the lapsed Combined Company Warrants.
The tax consequences of a cashless exercise of Combined Company Warrants are not clear under current tax law. A cashless exercise may not be taxable, either because the exercise is not a realization event or because the exercise is treated as a recapitalization for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the cashless exercise is not taxable, a U.S. Holder’s basis in Combined Company Common Stock received would equal the U.S. Holder’s basis in Combined Company Warrants exercised therefor. If the cashless exercise were treated as not being a realization event, it is unclear whether a U.S. Holder’s holding period in Combined Company Common Stock would be treated as commencing on the date following the date of exercise or on the date of exercise of Combined Company Warrants; in either case, the holding period would not include the period during which the U.S. Holder held Combined Company Warrants. If the cashless exercise were treated as a recapitalization, the holding period of Combined Company Common Stock would include the holding period of Combined Company Warrants exercised therefor.
It is also possible that a cashless exercise could be treated in part as a taxable exchange in which gain or loss would be recognized. In such event, a U.S. Holder could be deemed to have surrendered a number of Combined Company Warrants equal to the number of shares of Combined Company Common Stock having a value equal to the exercise price for the total number of Combined Company Warrants to be exercised. In such case, the U.S. Holder would recognize capital gain or loss with respect to Combined Company Warrants deemed surrendered in an amount equal to the difference between the fair market value of the Combined Company Common Stock that would have been received in a regular exercise of Combined Company Warrants deemed surrendered and the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in Combined Company Warrants deemed surrendered. In this case, a U.S. Holder’s aggregate tax basis in Combined Company Common Stock received would equal the sum of the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in Combined Company Warrants deemed exercised and the aggregate exercise price of such Combined Company Warrants. It is unclear whether a U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Combined Company Common Stock would commence on the date following the date of exercise or on the date of exercise of Combined Company Warrants; in either case, the holding period would not include the period during which the U.S. Holder held Combined Company Warrants.
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Due to the absence of authority on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a cashless exercise, including when a U.S. Holder’s holding period would commence with respect to the Combined Company Common Stock received, there can be no assurance regarding which, if any, of the alternative tax consequences and holding periods described above would be adopted by the IRS or a court of law. Accordingly, U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of a cashless exercise.
If the Combined Company redeems Combined Company Warrants for cash or if it purchases Combined Company Warrants in an open market transaction, such redemption or purchase generally will be treated as a taxable disposition to the U.S. Holder, taxed as described above under the section entitled “— Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Combined Company Securities.”
Non-U.S. Holders
Tax Consequences of the Domestication to Non-U.S. Holders
The Domestication is not expected to result in any U.S. federal income tax consequences to a Non-U.S. Holder of Public Shares unless the Domestication fails to qualify as an F Reorganization (and does not otherwise qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code) and such Non-U.S. Holder holds its Public Shares in connection with a conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such Non-U.S. Holder maintains in the United States) or is a nonresident alien individual who is physically present in the United States for at least 183 days during that individual’s taxable year in which the Domestication occurs and meets certain other requirements.
Non-U.S. Holders will own stock and warrants of a U.S. corporation rather than a non-U.S. corporation after the Domestication.
All Non-U.S. Holders considering exercising redemption rights with respect to Public Shares are urged to consult with their own tax advisors with respect to the potential tax consequences to them of the Domestication and exercise of redemption rights.
Tax Consequences for Non-U.S. Holders of Owning and Disposing of Combined Company Common Stock
Distributions on Combined Company Common Stock
Distributions of cash or property to a Non-U.S. Holder in respect of Combined Company Common Stock will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from the Combined Company’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. If a distribution exceeds the Combined Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, the excess will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the Non-U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in Combined Company Common Stock. Any remaining excess will be treated as capital gain and will be treated as described below under “Gain on Disposition of Combined Company Common Stock.”
Dividends paid to a Non-U.S. Holder of Combined Company Common Stock generally will be subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty. However, dividends that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business by the Non-U.S. Holder within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment of the Non-U.S. Holder) are not subject to such withholding tax, provided certain certification and disclosure requirements are satisfied. Instead, such dividends are subject to United States federal income tax on a net income basis in the same manner as if the Non-U.S. Holder were a United States person as defined under the Code. Any such effectively connected dividends received by a foreign corporation may be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty.
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A Non-U.S. Holder of Combined Company Common Stock who wishes to claim the benefit of an applicable treaty rate and avoid backup withholding, as described below, for dividends will be required (a) to complete the applicable IRS Form W-8 and certify under penalty of perjury that such holder is not a United States person as defined under the Code and is eligible for treaty benefits or (b) if Combined Company Common Stock are held through certain foreign intermediaries, to satisfy the relevant certification requirements of applicable United States Treasury regulations. Special certification and other requirements apply to certain Non-U.S. Holders that are pass-through entities rather than corporations or individuals.
A Non-U.S. Holder of Combined Company Common Stock eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an income tax treaty may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld by timely filing an appropriate claim or refund with the IRS. Non-U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding their entitlement to the benefits under any applicable income tax treaty.
Gain on Disposition of Combined Company Common Stock
Subject to the description of backup withholding below, any gain realized by a Non-U.S. Holder on the taxable disposition of Combined Company Common Stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:
| • | the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business of the Non-U.S. Holder in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a United States permanent establishment of the Non-U.S. Holder); |
| • | the Non-U.S. Holder is an individual who is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more in the taxable year of the disposition, and certain other conditions are met; or |
| • | Combined Company is or has been a “United States real property holding corporation” for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time during the shorter of the five year period ending on the date of disposition or the Non-U.S. Holder’s holding period for such securities disposed of, and, generally, in the case where shares of Combined Company Common Stock are regularly traded on an established securities market, the Non-U.S. Holder has owned, directly or indirectly, more than 5% of such shares, as applicable, at any time during the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of disposition or the Non-U.S. Holder’s holding period for the shares disposed of. There can be no assurance that shares of Combined Company Common Stock will be treated as regularly traded on an established securities market for this purpose. |
An individual Non-U.S. Holder described in the first bullet point immediately above will be subject to tax on the net gain derived from the sale under regular graduated U.S. federal income tax rates. An individual Non-U.S. Holder described in the second bullet point immediately above will be subject to a flat 30% tax on the gain derived from the sale, which may be offset by United States source capital losses, even though the individual is not considered a resident of the United States, provided that the individual has timely filed U.S. federal income tax returns with respect to such losses. If a Non-U.S. Holder that is a foreign corporation falls under the first bullet point immediately above, it will be subject to tax on its net gain in the same manner as if it were a United States person as defined under the Code and, in addition, may be subject to the branch profits tax equal to 30% (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty) of its effectively connected earnings and profits, subject to adjustments.
Live Oak does not anticipate the Combined Company becoming a “United States real property holding corporation” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, the determination as to whether the Combined Company will become a “United States real property holding corporation” will not be made until a future tax year, and there can be no assurance that the Combined Company will not become such a corporation in the future.
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Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
The Combined Company must report annually to the IRS and to each Non-U.S. Holder the amount of dividends paid to such holder and the tax withheld with respect to such dividends, regardless of whether withholding was required. Copies of the information returns reporting such dividends and withholding may also be made available to the tax authorities in the country in which the Non-U.S. Holder resides under the provisions of an applicable income tax treaty.
A Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to backup withholding for dividends paid to such holder unless such holder certifies under penalty of perjury that it is a Non-U.S. Holder (and the payor does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that such holder is a United States person as defined under the Code), or such holder otherwise establishes an exemption.
Information reporting and, depending on the circumstances, backup withholding will apply to the proceeds of a sale of Combined Company Common Stock within the United States or conducted through certain United States-related financial intermediaries, unless the beneficial owner certifies under penalty of perjury that it is a Non-U.S. Holder (and the payor does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that the beneficial owner is a United States person as defined under the Code), or such owner otherwise establishes an exemption.
Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a Non-U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
FATCA
Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations and administrative guidance promulgated thereunder (commonly referred as the “Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act” or “FATCA”) generally impose withholding at a rate of 30% in certain circumstances on dividends in respect of securities (including Combined Company Common Stock) which are held by or through certain foreign financial institutions (including investment funds), unless any such institution (i) enters into, and complies with, an agreement with the IRS to report, on an annual basis, information with respect to interests in, and accounts maintained by, the institution that are owned by certain U.S. persons and by certain non-U.S. entities that are wholly or partially owned by U.S. persons and to withhold on certain payments, or (ii) if required under an intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country, reports such information to its local tax authority, which will exchange such information with the U.S. authorities. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country may modify these requirements. Accordingly, the entity through which shares of Combined Company Common Stock are held will affect the determination of whether such withholding is required. Similarly, dividends in respect of Combined Company Common Stock held by an investor that is a non-financial non-U.S. entity that does not qualify under certain exceptions will generally be subject to withholding at a rate of 30%, unless such entity either (i) certifies to the applicable withholding agent that such entity does not have any “substantial United States owners” or (ii) provides certain information regarding the entity’s “substantial United States owners”, which will in turn be provided to the U.S. Department of Treasury. All holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of FATCA on their ownership of Combined Company Common Stock.
THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE BUSINESS COMBINATION ARE COMPLEX AND ALL HOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT WITH AND RELY SOLELY UPON THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AND THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF ANY OTHER TAX LAWS, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO U.S. FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAX LAWS AND ANY STATE, LOCAL OR NON-U.S. TAX LAWS AND TAX TREATIES.
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE MERGERS FOR TEAMSHARES, LIVE OAK AND HOLDERS OF TEAMSHARES COMMON STOCK
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This section describes certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Mergers for (i) Teamshares and (ii) holders of Teamshares common stock that exchange, pursuant to the Mergers, their Teamshares common stock for Combined Company Common Stock and a contingent right to receive Earnout Shares (an “Earnout Right”). This section is limited to U.S. federal income tax consequences and does not address estate or any gift tax consequences or consequences arising under the tax laws of any state, local or non-U.S. jurisdiction. This discussion does not describe all of the U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to you in light of your particular circumstances, including the alternative minimum tax and the Medicare tax on certain investment income. This section applies only to Teamshares U.S. Holders and Teamshares Non-U.S. Holders (each as defined below and collectively, “Teamshares Holders”) that acquired Teamshares common stock for cash and not in connection with the Mergers, that hold such Teamshares common stock as a capital asset for U.S. federal income tax purposes (generally, property held for investment) and that are not subject to the different consequences that may apply to holders that are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, such as:
| • | financial institutions or financial services entities; |
| • | broker-dealers; |
| • | taxpayers that are subject to the mark-to-market accounting rules with respect to securities; |
| • | tax-exempt entities; |
| • | governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof; |
| • | insurance companies; |
| • | regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts; |
| • | entities or arrangements treated as partnerships or other flow-through entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes; |
| • | U.S. expatriates or former long-term residents of the United States; |
| • | persons who are required to recognize income or gain with respect to the Mergers no later than the time such income or gain is required to be reported on an applicable financial statement under Section 451(b) of the Code; |
| • | persons that actually or constructively own five percent or more (by vote or value) of the outstanding Teamshares common stock; |
| • | the founders of Live Oak, Sponsor, insiders or any of their affiliates, officers or directors; |
| • | persons that acquired their Teamshares common stock in connection with employee share incentive plans or otherwise as compensation, including pursuant to an exercise of employee share options or upon the issuance or vesting of restricted stock or restricted stock unit awards; |
| • | persons that hold their Teamshares common stock as part of a straddle, constructive sale, hedging, wash sale, conversion or other integrated or similar transaction; |
| • | Teamshares U.S. Holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; |
| • | persons that exercise appraisal rights in connection with the Mergers; or |
| • | “specified foreign corporations” (including “controlled foreign corporations”), “passive foreign investment companies” or corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax. |
If any entity or arrangement that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds Teamshares common stock, the tax treatment of such partnership and a person treated as a partner of such partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships holding any Teamshares common stock and persons that are treated as partners of such partnerships should consult their tax advisors as to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences to them of the Mergers.
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This discussion is based on the Code, proposed, temporary, and final Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, and judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all as of the date hereof. All of the foregoing is subject to change, which change could apply retroactively and could affect the tax consequences described herein.
Teamshares and Live Oak have not sought, and do not intend to seek, any rulings from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequences described herein. There can be no assurance that the IRS will not take positions inconsistent with those set out below or that any such positions would not be sustained by a court.
EACH TEAMSHARES HOLDER SHOULD CONSULT ITS TAX ADVISOR WITH RESPECT TO THE PARTICULAR TAX CONSEQUENCES TO SUCH HOLDER OF THE MERGERS, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECTS OF U.S. FEDERAL NON-INCOME, STATE AND LOCAL AND NON-U.S. TAX LAWS.
Tax Treatment of the Mergers
Teamshares and Live Oak intend the Mergers, taken together, to qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. Neither Teamshares nor Live Oak intend to request a ruling from the IRS with respect to the tax treatment of the Mergers, and as a result, no assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge the treatment of the Mergers described below or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were to successfully challenge the “reorganization” status of the Mergers, Teamshares Holders could be required to fully recognize gain with respect to such Teamshares common stock as a result of the Mergers.
Provided the Mergers, taken together, qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Mergers to Teamshares and Teamshares Holders will be as follows:
Tax Consequences of the Mergers to Teamshares and Live Oak
Teamshares and Live Oak should not recognize any gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the Mergers.
Tax Consequences of the Mergers to Teamshares Holders
For purposes of this discussion, a “Teamshares U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of Teamshares common stock that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
| • | an individual citizen or resident of the United States; |
| • | a corporation (or any other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
| • | an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
| • | a trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and the control of one or more “United States persons” (within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code), or (2) has a valid election in effect to be treated as a United States person for U.S. federal income tax purposes. |
For purposes of this discussion, a “Teamshares Non-U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of Teamshares common stock (other than an entity or arrangement classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is not a Teamshares U.S. Holder.
Tax Consequences of the Mergers to Teamshares U.S. Holders
Subject to the statements below relating to imputed interest, a Teamshares U.S. Holder of Teamshares common stock that receives Combined Company Common Stock and the Earnout Right in exchange for shares
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of Teamshares common stock in the Mergers should not recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the Mergers. A Teamshares U.S. Holder’s aggregate tax basis in the Combined Company Common Stock received in exchange for the Teamshares common stock surrendered (other than Earnout Shares that are treated as imputed interest, as described below) in connection with the Mergers should equal the Teamshares U.S. Holder’s aggregate adjusted tax basis in the shares of Teamshares common stock exchanged therefor. For this purpose, IRS guidance indicates that the maximum number of Earnout Shares of Combined Company Common Stock should be treated as having been received by the Teamshares U.S. Holder at the time of the Mergers and that adjustments to the Teamshares U.S. Holder’s tax basis in shares of Combined Company Common Stock actually received should be made if the maximum number of Earnout Shares ultimately is not issued. Except to the extent of Earnout Shares treated as imputed interest (as described below), a Teamshares U.S. Holder’s holding period in the Combined Company Common Stock received should include the holding period for the holder’s shares of Teamshares common stock surrendered in exchange therefor.
A portion of the Earnout Shares (if any) actually received by a Teamshares U.S. Holder should be characterized as ordinary interest income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A Teamshares U.S. Holder’s tax basis in that portion of the Earnout Shares should be equal to the fair market value thereof on the date of receipt, and the Teamshares U.S. Holder’s holding period for those Earnout Shares should begin on the day following the date of receipt.
If a Teamshares U.S. Holder has acquired different blocks of Teamshares common stock at different times or at different prices, then such holder’s tax basis and holding period in shares of Combined Company Common Stock received in the Mergers generally should be determined with reference to each block of Teamshares common stock. Any such holders should consult their tax advisors with respect to identifying the bases or holding periods of the shares of Combined Company Common Stock received in the Mergers.
Tax Consequences of the Mergers to Teamshares Non-U.S. Holders
The U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Mergers for Teamshares Non-U.S. Holders should be similar to those for Teamshares U.S. Holders.
However, a Teamshares Non-U.S. Holder may be subject to U.S. federal income tax (and withholding) on any Earnout Shares to the extent treated as imputed interest. To the extent any such imputed interest is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business conducted by such Teamshares Non-U.S. Holder (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is also attributable to a permanent establishment or a fixed base maintained by such Teamshares Non-U.S. Holder in the United States), such Teamshares Non-U.S. Holder generally would be subject to tax on such imputed interest in the same manner as a Teamshares U.S. Holder and, if the Teamshares Non-U.S. Holder is a corporation, such corporation may be subject to branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty). To the extent any such imputed interest is not “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business conducted by such Teamshares Non-U.S. Holder as described above, such Teamshares Non-U.S. Holder generally would be subject to tax on such imputed interest at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty).
In addition, Teamshares Non-U.S. Holders may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain realized if Teamshares is or has been a “U.S. real property holding corporation” for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time during the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of the Mergers or the period during which the Teamshares Non-U.S. Holder held Teamshares common stock, in which case any gain recognized by such Teamshares Non-U.S. Holder would be subject to tax at generally applicable U.S. federal income tax rates. Teamshares believes that it is not, and has not been at any time since its formation, a United States real property holding corporation.
Reporting Requirements
Each Teamshares Holder that receives shares of Combined Company Common Stock in the Mergers is required to retain permanent records pertaining to the Mergers and make such records available to any authorized
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IRS officers and employees. Such records should specifically include information regarding the number, basis, and fair market value of the Teamshares common stock exchanged and the number of shares of Combined Company Common Stock received in exchange therefor.
Additionally, Teamshares Holders who owned immediately before the Mergers at least one percent (by vote or value) of the total outstanding stock of Teamshares are required to attach a statement to their U.S. federal income tax returns for the year in which the Mergers is consummated that contains the information listed in Treasury Regulation Section 1.368-3(b). Such statement must include the holder’s tax basis in its Teamshares common stock surrendered in the Mergers, the fair market value of such stock, the date of the Mergers and the name and employer identification number of each of Teamshares and Live Oak. Teamshares Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these rules.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
A Teamshares Holder may, under certain circumstances, be subject to information reporting and backup withholding (currently at a rate of 24%) on amounts received in the Mergers, unless such holder properly establishes an exemption or provides its correct tax identification number and otherwise complies with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be refunded or credited against a payee’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, so long as such payee furnishes the required information to the IRS in a timely manner.
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INFORMATION ABOUT LIVE OAK
Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Live Oak.
General
We are a blank check company incorporated on November 27, 2024 as a Cayman Islands exempted company and formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, amalgamation, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses, which we refer to throughout this prospectus as our initial business combination. We have not selected any specific business combination target and we have not, nor has anyone on our behalf, initiated any substantive discussions, directly or indirectly, with any business combination target with respect to an initial business combination with us.
While we may pursue an initial business combination target in any industry or geographic region, we will seek to capitalize on the operational and investment experience of our management team and Senior Advisor. We intend to focus on companies that we believe have significant growth prospects with the potential to generate attractive returns for our shareholders. We expect to focus on identifying potential target companies with above-industry-average growth, substantial free cash flow generation, and a defensible market position, with an enterprise value of $500 million to $2 billion where our management team and Senior Advisor’s operational, strategic or managerial expertise can assist in maximizing value.
We are led by an experienced team of managers, operators and investors who have played important roles in helping build and grow profitable public and private businesses, both organically and through acquisitions, to create value for shareholders. Our team has experience operating and investing in a wide range of industries, bringing us a diversity of experiences as well as valuable expertise and perspective.
indicative of our future performance. For more information on the experience and background of our management team and Senior Advisor, see the section entitled “Management.”
Prior Blank Check Experience
Our management team and Senior Advisor have extensive experience with blank check companies and have served as executive officers and directors in four prior SPACs, two of which successfully completed business combinations with substantial committed capital.
| • | Live Oak Acquisition Corp. (“LOAK”) | LOAK raised $200 million in May 2020. Seven months later, LOAK completed its business combination with Danimer Scientific (NYSE: DNMR), a leading developer and manufacturer of biodegradable plastic materials. The transaction delivered over $400 million of gross proceeds, including ~100% of the trust proceeds (0.01% redemptions) and a fully committed $210 million PIPE (which included ~$50 million from Live Oak affiliates); as of February 11, 2025, the trading price of DNMR was $1.25; |
| • | Live Oak Acquisition Corp. II (“LOKB”) | LOKB raised $253 million in December 2020. Eleven months later, LOKB completed its business combination with Navitas Semiconductor (NASDAQ: NVTS), the industry leader in Gallium Nitride (GaN) Power integrated circuits. The transaction delivered over $320 million of gross proceeds, including ~60% of the trust proceeds (40.06% redemptions) (supported by a $20 million backstop agreement) and an upsized, fully committed $173 million PIPE (which included ~$15 million from Live Oak affiliates); as of February 11, 2025, the trading price of NVTS was $2.76; |
| • | Live Oak Mobility Acquisition Corp. (“LOKM”) | LOKM raised $253 million in March 2021 alongside The Hawksbill Group to focus on the mobility and motion technology sectors. LOKM elected to liquidate and return capital to shareholders in March 2023; |
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| • | Live Oak Crestview Climate Acquisition Corp. (“LOCC”) | LOCC raised $200 million in September 2021 alongside Crestview Advisors L.L.C. to focus on companies aligned with environmental sustainability. LOCC elected to liquidate and return capital to shareholders in November 2023. |
Experience and Responsibilities of our Sponsor
Our Sponsor, Live Oak Sponsor V, LLC, is a Delaware limited liability company formed exclusively for the purpose of serving as a sponsor for us. The Sponsor had sole responsibility for organizing, directing and managing the business and affairs of us from its incorporation. The Sponsor’s activities in connection with our IPO included identifying and negotiating terms with the representative of the underwriters for the offering, other third-party service providers such as its auditors and legal counsel, and our directors and officers. Our Sponsor also assisted in identifying targets and negotiating terms with them for an initial business combination, including with Teamshares.
On February 27, 2025, we entered into the Administrative Services Agreement with Live Oak Merchant Partners, an affiliate of our Sponsor. Under the Administrative Services Agreement, we pay $17,500 per month to Live Oak Merchant Partners for office space, utilities, and secretarial and administrative support. We will cease these monthly fees under the Administrative Services Agreement upon the earlier to occur of the completion of our initial business combination or liquidation.
Richard J. Hendrix, Live Oak’s Chief Executive Officer and the Chairman of Live Oak’s board of directors, is the managing member of our Sponsor and in such capacity, exercises control over our Sponsor, including the exercise of voting and investment discretion over the securities of Live Oak held by our Sponsor. Mr. Hendrix has an 8.9% interest in our Sponsor Shares through membership interests in our Sponsor. Messrs. Hendrix, Fishman, Wunderlich and Robert Feinstein, who is affiliated with Live Oak, have an aggregate 32.3% indirect interest in our Sponsor Shares through membership interests in our Sponsor. Our independent directors have an aggregate 11.4% indirect interest in our Sponsor Shares through membership interests in our Sponsor. Other third-party accredited investors with pre-existing business relationships with our management team and Sponsor have an aggregate 56.3% indirect interest in our Sponsor Shares through membership interests in our Sponsor. Other than the members of our management team and Mr. Wunderlich, no other person has a direct or indirect material interest in our Sponsor. Other than our management team, none of the other members of our Sponsor participate in Live Oak’s activities. Aside from Mr. Hendrix, no one has the right to control or manage the Sponsor, or the right to vote or dispose of the Sponsor Shares that they hold indirectly through their membership interests in our Sponsor.
Additionally, Messrs. Hendrix, Fishman, Wunderlich and Feinstein have an aggregate 23.9% indirect interest in Private Warrants through membership interests in our Sponsor. Our independent directors have an aggregate 10.0% indirect interest in Private Warrants through membership interests in our Sponsor. Other third-party accredited investors with pre-existing business relationships with our management team and Sponsor have an aggregate 66.1% indirect interest in Private Warrants through membership interests in our Sponsor. Aside from Mr. Hendrix, no other sponsor members has the right to vote or dispose of the Private Warrants or securities underlying the Private Warrants that they hold indirectly through their holdings of membership units of the Sponsor.
Redemption Rights for Public Shareholders upon Completion of Our Initial Business Combination
We will provide our public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Class A ordinary shares, regardless of whether they abstain, vote for, or vote against, our initial business combination, in connection with the vote on the business combination at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of the initial business combination, including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account (net of taxes payable), divided by the number of then-outstanding public shares, subject to the limitations and on the
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conditions described herein. As of [ ], 2026, the amount in the trust account was approximately $[ ] per public share. The per share amount we will distribute to investors who properly redeem their shares will not be reduced by the deferred underwriting commissions we will pay to the underwriter. Our sponsor, officers and directors have entered into a letter agreement with us, pursuant to which they have agreed to waive their redemption rights with respect to their founder shares and any public shares they may hold in connection with the completion of our initial business combination.
Our proposed initial business combination may impose a minimum cash requirement for (i) cash consideration to be paid to the target or its owners, (ii) cash for working capital or other general corporate purposes or (iii) the retention of cash to satisfy other conditions. In the event the aggregate cash consideration we would be required to pay for all Class A ordinary shares that are validly submitted for redemption plus any amount required to satisfy cash conditions pursuant to the terms of the proposed initial business combination exceed the aggregate amount of cash available to us, we will not complete the initial business combination or redeem any shares, and all Class A ordinary shares submitted for redemption will be returned to the holders thereof. We may, however, raise funds through the issuance of equity-linked securities or through loans, advances or other indebtedness in connection with our initial business combination, including pursuant to forward purchase agreements or backstop arrangements we may enter into following consummation of our IPO, in order to, among other reasons, satisfy such net tangible assets or minimum cash requirements.
Manner of Conducting Redemptions
We will provide our public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Class A ordinary shares upon the completion of our initial business combination either (i) in connection with a general meeting called to approve the business combination or (ii) without a shareholder vote by means of a tender offer. The decision as to whether we will seek shareholder approval of a proposed business combination or conduct a tender offer will be made by us, solely in our discretion, and will be based on a variety of factors such as the timing of the transaction and whether the terms of the transaction would require us to seek shareholder approval under applicable law or stock exchange listing requirement or whether we were deemed to be a foreign private issuer (which would require a tender offer rather than seeking shareholder approval under SEC rules), as described above under the heading “Shareholders May Not Have the Ability to Approve Our Initial Business Combination.” Asset acquisitions and share purchases would not typically require shareholder approval while direct mergers with our company (other than with a 90% subsidiary of ours) and any transactions where we issue more than 20% of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares or seek to amend our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association would require shareholder approval. So long as we obtain and maintain a listing for our securities on Nasdaq, we will be required to comply with Nasdaq’s shareholder approval rules.
The requirement that we provide our public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their public shares by one of the two methods listed above are contained in provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and will apply whether or not we maintain our registration under the Exchange Act or our listing on Nasdaq. Such provisions may be amended if approved by a special resolution, which requires the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes cast by such shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the applicable general meeting of the company, so long as we offer redemption in connection with such amendment.
If we provide our public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their public shares in connection with a general meeting, we will, pursuant to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association:
| • | conduct the redemptions in conjunction with a proxy solicitation pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, which regulates the solicitation of proxies, and not pursuant to the tender offer rules; and |
| • | file proxy materials with the SEC. |
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In the event that we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination, we will distribute proxy materials and, in connection therewith, provide our public shareholders with the redemption rights described above upon completion of the initial business combination.
If we seek shareholder approval, we will complete our initial business combination only if we receive an ordinary resolution under Cayman Islands law and our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, which requires the affirmative vote of at least a simple majority of the votes cast by such shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the applicable general meeting of the company. A quorum for such meeting will be present if the holders of at least one third of issued and outstanding shares entitled to vote at the meeting are represented in person or by proxy. Our sponsor, officers and directors will count toward this quorum and, pursuant to the letter agreement, our sponsor, officers and directors have agreed to vote their founder shares, private placement shares and any public shares purchased during or after our IPO (including in open market and privately-negotiated transactions) in favor of our initial business combination (except that any public shares such parties may purchase in compliance with the requirements of Rule 14e-5 under the Exchange Act would not be voted in favor of approving the business combination transaction). For purposes of seeking approval of an ordinary resolution, non-votes will have no effect on the approval of our initial business combination once a quorum is obtained. As a result, in addition to our initial shareholders’ founder shares, we would need 7,500,001, or 37.5%, of the 20,000,000 public shares sold in our IPO to be voted in favor of an initial business combination in order to have our initial business combination approved, assuming all outstanding shares are voted, the over-allotment option is not exercised and the parties to the letter agreement do not acquire any Class A ordinary shares. Assuming that only the holders of one-third of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares, representing a quorum under our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association vote their shares at a general meeting of the company, we will not need any public shares in addition to our founder shares to be voted in favor of an initial business combination in order to approve an initial business combination. However, if our initial business combination is structured as a statutory merger or consolidation with another company under Cayman Islands law, the approval of our initial business combination will require a special resolution, which requires the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes cast by such shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the applicable general meeting of the company. In addition, prior to the closing of our initial business combination, only holders of our Class B Ordinary Shares (i) will have the right to vote to appoint and remove directors prior to or in connection with the completion of our initial business combination and (ii) will be entitled to vote on continuing our company in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands (including any special resolution required to amend our constitutional documents or to adopt new constitutional documents, in each case, as a result of our approving a transfer by way of continuation in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands). These quorum and voting thresholds, and the voting agreement of our sponsor, officers and directors, may make it more likely that we will consummate our initial business combination. Each public shareholder may elect to redeem their public shares irrespective of whether they vote for or vote against the proposed transaction, or whether they do not vote or abstain from voting on the proposed transaction, or whether they were a public shareholder on the record date for the general meeting held to approve the proposed transaction.
If a shareholder vote is not required and we do not decide to hold a shareholder vote for business or other legal reasons, we will:
| • | conduct the redemptions pursuant to Rule 13e-4 and Regulation 14E of the Exchange Act, which regulate issuer tender offers; and |
| • | file tender offer documents with the SEC prior to completing our initial business combination which contain substantially the same financial and other information about the initial business combination and the redemption rights as is required under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, which regulates the solicitation of proxies. |
In the event we conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules, our offer to redeem will remain open for at least 20 business days, in accordance with Rule 14e-1(a) under the Exchange Act, and we will not be permitted
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to complete our initial business combination until the expiration of the tender offer period. In addition, the tender offer will be conditioned on public shareholders not tendering more than the number of public shares we are permitted to redeem. If public shareholders tender more shares than we have offered to purchase, we will withdraw the tender offer and not complete the initial business combination.
Upon the public announcement of our initial business combination, if we elect to conduct redemption pursuant to the tender offer rules, we or our sponsor will terminate any plan established in accordance with Rule 10b5-1to purchase our Class A ordinary shares in the open market, in order to comply with Rule 14e-5 under the Exchange Act.
We intend to require our public shareholders seeking to exercise their redemption rights, whether they are record holders or hold their shares in “street name,” to, at the holder’s option, either deliver their share certificates to our transfer agent or deliver their shares to our transfer agent electronically using the Depository Trust Company’s DWAC (Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian) system, prior to the date set forth in the proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable. In the case of proxy materials, this date may be up to two business days prior to the scheduled vote on the proposal to approve the initial business combination. In addition, if we conduct redemptions in connection with a shareholder vote, we intend to require a public shareholder seeking redemption of its public shares to also submit a written request for redemption to our transfer agent two business days prior to the scheduled vote in which the name of the beneficial owner of such shares is included. The proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable, that we will furnish to holders of our public shares in connection with our initial business combination will indicate whether we are requiring public shareholders to satisfy such delivery requirements. We believe that this will allow our transfer agent to efficiently process any redemptions without the need for further communication or action from the redeeming public shareholders, which could delay redemptions and result in additional administrative cost. If the proposed initial business combination is not approved and we continue to search for a target company, we will promptly return any certificates or shares delivered by public shareholders who elected to redeem their shares.
Our proposed initial business combination may impose a minimum cash requirement for (i) cash consideration to be paid to the target or its owners, (ii) cash for working capital or other general corporate purposes or (iii) the retention of cash to satisfy other conditions. In the event the aggregate cash consideration we would be required to pay for all Class A ordinary shares that are validly submitted for redemption plus any amount required to satisfy cash conditions pursuant to the terms of the proposed initial business combination exceed the aggregate amount of cash available to us, we will not complete the initial business combination or redeem any shares, and all Class A ordinary shares submitted for redemption will be returned to the holders thereof. We may, however, raise funds through the issuance of equity or equity-linked securities or through loans, advances or other indebtedness in connection with our initial business combination, including pursuant to forward purchase agreements or backstop arrangements we may enter into following consummation of our IPO, in order to, among other reasons, satisfy such net tangible assets or minimum cash requirements.
Limitation on Redemption Upon Completion of Our Initial Business Combination If We Seek Shareholder Approval
If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that a public shareholder, together with any affiliate of such shareholder or any other person with whom such shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from seeking redemption rights with respect to excess shares without our prior consent. We believe this restriction will discourage shareholders from accumulating large blocks of shares, and subsequent attempts by such holders to use their ability to exercise their redemption rights against a proposed business combination as a means to force us or our management to purchase their shares at a significant premium to the then-current market price or on other undesirable terms. Absent this provision, a public shareholder holding more than an aggregate of 15% of the shares sold in our IPO could
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threaten to exercise its redemption rights if such holder’s shares are not purchased by us, our sponsor or our management at a premium to the then-current market price or on other undesirable terms. By limiting our shareholders’ ability to redeem no more than 15% of the shares sold in our IPO without our prior consent, we believe we will limit the ability of a small group of shareholders to unreasonably attempt to block our ability to complete our initial business combination, particularly in connection with a business combination with a target that requires as a closing condition that we have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash.
However, we would not be restricting our shareholders’ ability to vote all of their shares (including excess shares) for or against our initial business combination.
Delivering Share Certificates in Connection with the Exercise of Redemption Rights
As described above, we intend to require our public shareholders seeking to exercise their redemption rights, whether they are record holders or hold their shares in “street name,” to, at the holder’s option, either deliver their share certificates to our transfer agent or deliver their shares to our transfer agent electronically using the Depository Trust Company’s DWAC (Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian) system, prior to the date set forth in the proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable. In the case of proxy materials, this date may be up to two business days prior to the scheduled vote on the proposal to approve the initial business combination. In addition, if we conduct redemptions in connection with a shareholder vote, we intend to require a public shareholder seeking redemption of its public shares to also submit a written request for redemption to our transfer agent two business days prior to the scheduled vote in which the name of the beneficial owner of such shares is included. The proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable, that we will furnish to holders of our public shares in connection with our initial business combination will indicate whether we are requiring public shareholders to satisfy such delivery requirements. Accordingly, a public shareholder would have up to two business days prior to the scheduled vote on the initial business combination if we distribute proxy materials, or from the time we send out our tender offer materials until the close of the tender offer period, as applicable, to submit or tender its shares if it wishes to seek to exercise its redemption rights. In the event that a shareholder fails to comply with these or any other procedures disclosed in the proxy or tender offer materials, as applicable, its shares may not be redeemed. Given the relatively short exercise period, it is advisable for shareholders to use electronic delivery of their public shares.
There is a nominal cost associated with the above-referenced process and the act of certificating the shares or delivering them through the DWAC system. The transfer agent will typically charge the broker submitting or tendering shares a fee of approximately $100 and it would be up to the broker whether or not to pass this cost on to the redeeming holder.
However, this fee would be incurred regardless of whether or not we require holders seeking to exercise redemption rights to submit or tender their shares. The need to deliver shares is a requirement of exercising redemption rights regardless of the timing of when such delivery must be effectuated.
Any request to redeem such shares, once made, may be withdrawn at any time up to the date set forth in the proxy materials or tender offer documents, as applicable. Furthermore, if a holder of a public share delivered its certificate in connection with an election of redemption rights and subsequently decides prior to the applicable date not to elect to exercise such rights, such holder may simply request that the transfer agent return the certificate (physically or electronically). It is anticipated that the funds to be distributed to holders of our public shares electing to redeem their shares will be distributed promptly after the completion of our initial business combination.
If our initial business combination is not approved or completed for any reason, then our public shareholders who elected to exercise their redemption rights would not be entitled to redeem their shares for the applicable pro rata share of the trust account. In such case, we will promptly return any certificates delivered by public holders who elected to redeem their shares.
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If our initial proposed business combination is not completed, we may continue to try to complete a business combination with a different target until the end of the completion window.
Redemption of Public Shares and Liquidation if No Initial Business Combination
Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that we will have only the duration of the completion window to complete our initial business combination. If we have not completed our initial business combination within such time period, we will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter (and subject to lawfully available funds therefor), redeem the public shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account (which interest shall be net of taxes payable and less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then-outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of our remaining shareholders and our board of directors, liquidate and dissolve, subject in each case to our obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. There will be no redemption rights or liquidating distributions with respect to our warrants, which will expire worthless if we fail to complete our initial business combination within the completion window.
Our sponsor, officers and directors have entered into a letter agreement with us, pursuant to which they have waived their rights to liquidating distributions from the trust account with respect to any founder shares held by them if we fail to complete our initial business combination within the completion window, although they will entitled to liquidating distributions from assets outside the trust account. However, if our sponsor or management team and advisor acquire public shares in or after our IPO, they will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the trust account with respect to such public shares if we fail to complete our initial business combination within the allotted completion window.
Our sponsor, officers and directors have agreed, pursuant to a written agreement with us, that they will not propose any amendment to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (A) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to allow redemption in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within the completion window or (B) with respect to any other material provisions relating to shareholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity, in each case unless we provide our public shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their public shares upon approval of any such amendment at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account (net of taxes payable), divided by the number of then-outstanding public shares.
We expect that all costs and expenses associated with implementing our plan of dissolution, as well as payments to any creditors, will be funded from working capital, although we cannot assure you that there will be sufficient funds for such purpose. However, if those funds are not sufficient to cover the costs and expenses associated with implementing our plan of dissolution, to the extent that there is any interest accrued in the trust account not required to pay taxes on interest income earned on the trust account balance, we may request the trustee to release to us an additional amount of up to $100,000 of such accrued interest to pay those costs and expenses.
If we were to expend all of the net proceeds of our IPO and the sale of the private placement warrants, other than the proceeds deposited in the trust account, and without taking into account interest, if any, earned on the trust account, the per-share redemption amount received by shareholders upon our dissolution would be approximately $[ ]. The proceeds deposited in the trust account could, however, become subject to the claims of our creditors which would have higher priority than the claims of our public shareholders. We cannot assure you that the actual per-share redemption amount received by shareholders will not be substantially less than $[ ]. While we intend to pay such amounts, if any, we cannot assure you that we will have funds sufficient to pay or provide for all creditors’ claims.
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Although we will seek to have all vendors, service providers, prospective target businesses and other entities with which we do business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the trust account for the benefit of our public shareholders, there is no guarantee that they will execute such agreements or even if they execute such agreements that they would be prevented from bringing claims against the trust account including but not limited to fraudulent inducement, breach of fiduciary responsibility or other similar claims, as well as claims challenging the enforceability of the waiver, in each case in order to gain an advantage with respect to a claim against our assets, including the funds held in the trust account. If any third party refuses to execute an agreement waiving such claims to the monies held in the trust account, our management will consider whether competitive alternatives are reasonably available to us and will only enter into an agreement with such third party if management believes that such third party’s engagement would be in the best interests of the company under the circumstances. Examples of possible instances where we may engage a third party that refuses to execute a waiver include the engagement of a third party consultant whose particular expertise or skills are believed by management to be significantly superior to those of other consultants that would agree to execute a waiver or in cases where management is unable to find a service provider willing to execute a waiver. Withum Smith+Brown, PC, our independent registered public accounting firm, and the underwriter of our IPO will not execute agreements with us waiving such claims to the monies held in the trust account. In addition, there is no guarantee that such entities will agree to waive any claims they may have in the future as a result of, or arising out of, any negotiations, contracts or agreements with us and will not seek recourse against the trust account for any reason. In order to protect the amounts held in the trust account, our sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to us if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to us (except for the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm), or a prospective target business with which we have entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or other similar agreement or business combination agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the trust account to below the lesser of (i) $[ ] per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account, if less than $[ ] per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, net of taxes payable, provided that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the trust account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) nor will it apply to any claims under our indemnity of the underwriter of our IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. However, we have not asked our sponsor to reserve for such indemnification obligations, nor have we independently verified whether our sponsor has sufficient funds to satisfy its indemnity obligations and we believe that our sponsor’s only assets are securities of our company. Therefore, we cannot assure you that our sponsor would be able to satisfy those obligations. As a result, if any such claims were successfully made against the trust account, the funds available for our initial business combination and redemptions could be reduced to less than $[ ] per public share. In such event, we may not be able to complete our initial business combination, and you would receive such lesser amount per share in connection with any redemption of your public shares. None of our officers or directors will indemnify us for claims by third parties including, without limitation, claims by vendors and prospective target businesses.
In the event that the proceeds in the trust account are reduced below the lesser of (i) $[ ] per public share and (ii) the actual amount per public share held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account if less than $[ ] per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, in each case net of taxes payable, and our sponsor asserts that it is unable to satisfy its indemnification obligations or that it has no indemnification obligations related to a particular claim, our independent directors would determine whether to take legal action against our sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations. While we currently expect that our independent directors would take legal action on our behalf against our sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations to us, it is possible that our independent directors in exercising their business judgment may choose not to do so in any particular instance if, for example, the cost of such legal action is deemed by the independent directors to be too high relative to the amount recoverable or if the independent directors determine that a favorable outcome is not likely. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that due to claims of creditors the actual value of the per-share redemption price will not be less than $[ ] per share.
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We will seek to reduce the possibility that our sponsor will have to indemnify the trust account due to claims of creditors by endeavoring to have all vendors, service providers, prospective target businesses or other entities with which we do business execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to monies held in the trust account. Our sponsor will also not be liable as to any claims under our indemnity of the underwriter of our IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. We will have access to working capital with which to pay any such potential claims (including costs and expenses incurred in connection with our liquidation, currently estimated to be no more than approximately $100,000). In the event that we liquidate and it is subsequently determined that the reserve for claims and liabilities is insufficient, shareholders who received funds from our trust account could be liable for claims made by creditors. In the event that the offering expenses are less than our estimate of $1,000,000, the amount of funds available outside the trust account would increase by a corresponding amount.
If we file a bankruptcy or insolvency petition or an involuntary bankruptcy or insolvency petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, the proceeds held in the trust account could be subject to applicable bankruptcy or insolvency law, and may be included in our bankruptcy estate and subject to the claims of third parties with priority over the claims of our shareholders. To the extent any bankruptcy claims deplete the trust account, we cannot assure you we will be able to return $[ ] per share to our public shareholders. Additionally, if we file a bankruptcy or insolvency petition or an involuntary bankruptcy or insolvency petition is filed against us that is not dismissed, any distributions received by shareholders could be viewed under applicable debtor/creditor and/or bankruptcy/insolvency laws as either a “preferential transfer” or a “fraudulent conveyance, preference or disposition.” As a result, a liquidator or bankruptcy or other court could seek to recover some or all amounts received by our shareholders. Furthermore, our board of directors may be viewed as having breached its fiduciary duty to us or our creditors and/or may have acted in bad faith, and thereby exposing itself and our company to claims of punitive damages, by paying public shareholders from the trust account prior to addressing the claims of creditors. We cannot assure you that claims will not be brought against us for these reasons.
Our public shareholders will be entitled to receive funds from the trust account only (i) in the event of the redemption of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within the completion window, (ii) in connection with a shareholder vote to amend our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (A) to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to allow redemption in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our public shares if we do not complete our initial business combination within the completion window or (B) with respect to any other material provisions relating to shareholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity or (iii) if they redeem their respective shares for cash upon the completion of our initial business combination, subject to applicable law and any limitations (including but not limited to cash requirements) created by the terms of the proposed business combination. In no other circumstances will a shareholder have any right or interest of any kind to or in the trust account. In the event we seek shareholder approval in connection with our initial business combination, a shareholder’s voting in connection with the business combination alone will not result in a shareholder’s redeeming its shares to us for an applicable pro rata share of the trust account. Such shareholder must have also exercised its redemption rights described above. These provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, like all provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, may be amended with a shareholder vote.
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Comparison of Redemption or Purchase Prices in Connection with Our Initial Business Combination and if We Fail to Complete Our Initial Business Combination.
The following table compares the redemptions and other permitted purchases of public shares that may take place in connection with the completion of our initial business combination and if we are unable to complete our initial business combination within the completion window.
| Redemptions in Connection |
Other Permitted |
Redemptions if we fail to | ||||
| Calculation of redemption price |
Redemptions at the time of our initial business combination may be made pursuant to a tender offer or in connection with a shareholder vote. The redemption price will be the same whether we conduct redemptions pursuant to a tender offer or in connection with a shareholder vote. In either case, our public shareholders may redeem their public shares for cash equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of the initial business combination, including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account (net of taxes payable), divided by the number of then-outstanding public shares, subject to the limitation that no redemptions will take place if all of the redemptions would cause to be unable to satisfy any limitations (including but not limited to cash requirements) agreed to in connection with the negotiation of terms of a proposed business combination. | If we seek shareholder approval of our initial business combination, our sponsor, initial shareholders, directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates may purchase shares or warrants in privately negotiated transactions or in the open market either prior to or following completion of our initial business combination. If our sponsor, initial shareholders, directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates were to purchase shares of warrants from public shareholders, they would do so at a price no higher than the price offered through our redemption process. If they engage in such transactions they will not make any such purchases when they are in possession of any material nonpublic information not disclosed to the seller or if such purchases are prohibited by Regulation M under the Exchange Act. We do not currently anticipate that such purchases, if any, would constitute a tender offer subject to the tender offer rules under the Exchange Act or a going-private transaction subject to the going-private rules under the Exchange Act; | If we are unable to complete our initial business combination within the completion window, we will redeem all public shares at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount, then on deposit in the trust account, including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account (net of taxes payable and up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses) divided by the number of then-outstanding public shares. |
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| Redemptions in Connection |
Other Permitted |
Redemptions if we fail to | ||||
| however, if the purchasers determine at the time of any such purchases that the purchases are subject to such rules, the purchasers will comply with such rules. | ||||||
| Impact to remaining shareholders |
The redemptions in connection with our initial business combination will reduce the book value per share for our remaining shareholders, who will bear the burden of the deferred underwriting commissions and interest withdrawn for taxes. | If the permitted purchases described above are made, there would be no impact to our remaining shareholders because the purchase price would not be paid by us. | The redemption of our public shares if we fail to complete our initial business combination will reduce the book value per share for the shares held by our initial shareholders, who will be our only remaining shareholders after such redemptions. | |||
Competition
In identifying, evaluating and selecting a target business for our initial business combination, we may encounter competition from other entities having a business objective similar to ours, including other special purpose acquisition companies, private equity groups and leveraged buyout funds, public companies and operating businesses seeking strategic acquisitions. Many of these entities are well established and have extensive experience identifying and effecting business combinations directly or through affiliates. Moreover, many of these competitors possess similar or greater financial, technical, human and other resources than us. Our ability to acquire larger target businesses will be limited by our available financial resources. This inherent limitation gives others an advantage in pursuing the acquisition of a target business. Furthermore, our obligation to pay cash in connection with our public shareholders who exercise their redemption rights may reduce the resources available to us for our initial business combination and our issued and outstanding warrants, and the future dilution they potentially represent, may not be viewed favorably by certain target businesses. Either of these factors may place us at a competitive disadvantage in successfully negotiating an initial business combination.
Facilities
We currently utilize office space at 4921 William Arnold Road, Memphis, TN 38117, provided by an affiliate of our sponsor free of charge. We will reimburse such affiliate in an amount equal to $17,500 per month for office space, utilities and secretarial and administrative support made available to us. We consider our current office space adequate for our current operations.
Employees
We currently have two officers: Messrs. Hendrix and Fishman. These individuals are not obligated to devote any specific number of hours to our matters but they intend to devote as much of their time as they deem necessary to our affairs until we have completed our initial business combination. The amount of time they will devote in any time period will vary based on whether a target business has been selected for our initial business combination
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and the stage of the business combination process we are in. We do not intend to have any full time employees prior to the completion of our initial business combination.
Legal Proceedings
There is no material litigation, arbitration or governmental proceeding currently pending against us or any members of our management team in their capacities as such.
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LIVE OAK’S MANAGEMENT
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this section to “we,” “our,” “us” and other similar terms refer to Live Oak before the Business Combination.
Directors and Executive Officers
We have five directors. The directors and executive officers of Live Oak are as follows as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus:
| Name |
Age |
Position | ||
| Richard J. Hendrix | 59 | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors | ||
| Adam J. Fishman | 45 | President, Chief Financial Officer and Director | ||
| Ashton Hudson | 52 | Director | ||
| Andrea Tarbox | 74 | Director | ||
| Somak Chivavibul | 59 | Director |
Richard. J. Hendrix, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer since inception, is currently the founder and Managing Partner of Live Oak. Founded in 2019, Live Oak is a merchant banking firm specializing in Principal Investments, SPAC Sponsorship, and Corporate Advisory. Live Oak partners with founders, sponsors, and management teams to assist companies with growth strategies and access to efficient sources of capital. Over the course of his career, Mr. Hendrix has worked extensively with issuers and investors focused on companies in the financial services, real estate, energy, industrial, and business and consumer services sectors. He has led dozens of initial equity offerings, raising funds for founder-led and sponsor-backed companies. Additionally, Mr. Hendrix has considerable experience advising chief executives, boards of directors, and large shareholders regarding corporate strategy, capital structure, and capital access. Mr. Hendrix has served as the Chief Executive Officer of four Live Oak-sponsored SPACs, including vehicles that merged with Danimer Scientific (NYSE: DNMR) and Navitas Semiconductor (NASDAQ: NVTS), as further discussed below. Mr. Hendrix currently serves as the Chair of the Board of Navitas. Mr. Hendrix has significant leadership experience in the financial industry. Prior to founding Live Oak, Mr. Hendrix served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of FBR & Co., or FBR (formerly NASDAQ: FBRC), a middle-market focused investment banking and brokerage firm. He assumed that role in January 2009, and subsequently oversaw 12 strategic transactions, including six acquisitions. Under his leadership, FBR ultimately executed a merger with B. Riley Financial, Inc. (NASDAQ: RILY) in 2017. Following the merger, Mr. Hendrix served as director of B. Riley Financial. Prior to serving as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of FBR, Mr. Hendrix was President and Chief Operating Officer for FBR’s parent company, Arlington Asset Investment Corp. (former NYSE: AAIC), where he managed day-to-day operations for the firm, as well as served as its Chief Investment Officer. He oversaw both FBR’s carveout from AAIC and its subsequent IPO as an independent company. Prior to his roles as President and then Chief Executive Officer, he was Head of Investment Banking, and prior to that role headed FBR’s real estate and industrials investment banking groups. Over his tenure, he helped to grow FBR into a leading bookrunner for initial common stock offerings for middle market U.S. companies. Prior to FBR, Mr. Hendrix was a Managing Director in PNC Capital Markets’ investment banking group and headed PNC’s asset-backed securities business. Mr. Hendrix is an Operating Executive at Crestview Partners, a middle-market focused private equity firm. He is also the Founder and Chief Executive Officer of RJH Management Co, a privately held investment management business. Mr. Hendrix graduated from Miami University with a BS in Finance. He is well qualified to serve as director due to his extensive operating, investing and financial experience.
Adam J. Fishman, our President, Chief Financial Officer and a Director since inception, is currently a Managing Partner at Live Oak, where he has served as an executive officer of three Live Oak-sponsored SPACs starting with Live Oak Acquisition Corp. II. Mr. Fishman joined the firm from Jefferies LLC, where he was a Managing Director from February 2018 to November 2020 and started the firm’s Permanent Capital Group. Mr. Fishman originated and executed SPAC transactions, including initial public offerings, assisting management in
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evaluating targets for merger consideration, and structuring and executing PIPE investments to support mergers. He was also responsible for originating and marketing pre-IPO private placements for companies across all industries. Prior to joining Jefferies, Mr. Fishman was an Executive Vice President and Head of Institutional Brokerage at FBR & Co. (“FBR”) (formerly NASDAQ: FBRC), a middle market focused investment banking and brokerage firm. At FBR, he led the collective Research, Sales and Trading organizations. Mr. Fishman was responsible for relationship management for a broad range of investors such as Mutual Funds, Hedge Funds, Alternative Asset Managers, Pensions, Endowments, Insurance and Family Offices. During his tenure, FBR was a top 3 lead-left bookrunner for initial common stock offerings for small and mid-cap companies, including late-stage private placements executed under Rule 144A and IPOs. Mr. Fishman also served on FBR’s Commitment Committee, where he was responsible for analyzing, structuring and selling all public and private investment offerings, and was a Named Executive Officer for FBR. As a member of the firm’s Executive Committee, Mr. Fishman was a key contributor to the firm’s strategic vision and execution, including evaluating and executing numerous corporate acquisitions, divestments and partnerships. Mr. Fishman began his career as an Associate Director in the New York office of CIBC World Markets. He graduated from Brandeis University with a B.A in Sociology, cum laude.
Ashton Hudson has served as a member of our Board of Directors since February 2025. Since 2008, Mr. Hudson has been a Partner in Value Acquisition Fund, an acquisition, development and asset management company. Prior to beginning his investment career, Mr. Hudson practiced law with the firm of Parker, Hudson, Rainer & Dobbs LLP, from 1997 to 2000, where his legal practice was primarily focused on corporate finance, mergers and acquisitions, general corporate law and securities law. Mr. Hudson previously served as a director of Forestar Group, Inc. (NYSE: FOR), where from February 2016 to August 2019 he sat on the Audit, Compensation and Corporate Governance Committees, and as a director of the Jacksonville Electric Authority, one of the largest municipally owned utilities in the United States, where from March 2008 to April 2013 he chaired the Audit and Finance Committees and served a two-year term as Chairman of the Board. Since February 2020 he has served on the Florida Region board of directors of Fifth Third Bank. Until its sale to Anticimex in February 2018, Mr. Hudson was the majority owner and Executive Chairman of Turner Pest Control, one of the largest and fastest growing pest control providers in the United States. Mr. Hudson earned his B.S., cum laude, in business and accountancy, from Wake Forest University. He received his J.D., magna cum laude, from the Wake Forest University School of Law, where he was a Cooke Foundation Scholar, Articles Editor of the Law Review, member of the Moot Court Board and Order of the Coif. Mr. Hudson is well qualified to serve as a director due to his extensive operational, legal and investing experience.
Andrea Tarbox has served as a member of our Board of Directors since February 2025. Since August 2021, Ms. Tarbox has served on the board of directors of Solo Brands Incorporated (NYSE: DTC), and served as its interim Chief Financial Officer from December 10, 2023 until February 5, 2024. Previously, Ms. Tarbox served as CFO and a member of the board of directors for Live Oak Acquisition Corp. II, a special purpose acquisition company (formerly NYSE: LOKB), from December 2020 until October 2021 and as Chief Financial Officer and a member of the board of directors of Live Oak Acquisition Corp. (formerly NYSE: LOAK), a special purpose acquisition company, from May 2020 until December 2020. Before that, Ms. Tarbox served as Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of KapStone Paper & Packaging (formerly NYSE: KS), from 2007 until 2018. Previously, Ms. Tarbox held positions at various companies, including Uniscribe Professional Services, Inc., a provider of paper-and technology-based document management solutions, Gartner Inc., a research and advisory company, British Petroleum, p.l.c., (NYSE: BP) and Fortune Brands, Inc., a holding company with diversified product lines. Ms. Tarbox earned a B.A. degree in Psychology from Connecticut College and an M.B.A. from the University of Rhode Island. She is well-qualified to serve on our board due to her extensive accounting and financial experience, operational background, and her significant experience in acquiring and integrating companies.
Somsak Chivavibul has served as a member of our Board of Directors since February 2026. Mr. Chivavibul has over 25 years of experience in public company financial management, capital markets, strategic planning, and risk oversight. Since 2018, Mr. Chivavibul has been serving as a Director at Gift Hero, Inc., a platform offers a
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unified space to create and manage wish lists. From April 2017 to February 2018, Mr. Chivavibul served as the Chief Decision Management Officer at Navient Corporation (“Navient”) and served as its Chief Financial Officer from May 2014 to April 2017, where he oversaw all aspects of the finance functions, including accounting and financial reporting, financial planning and analysis, treasury and capital markets, tax, and investor relations. From April 1992 to April 2014, Mr. Chivavibul held progressively senior finance and treasury leadership roles at Sallie Mae, where he was involved in the company’s privatization, portfolio acquisitions, capital planning during the financial crisis, and the 2014 spin-off that created Navient. He began his career as an auditor at Ernst & Young. Mr. Chivavibul holds a bachelor’s degree in accounting from the University of Maryland and passed the Certified Public Accountant examination. We believe Mr. Chivavibul is well qualified to serve as a director due to his experience in public company finance leadership, SEC reporting, and direct engagement with boards, auditors, and rating agencies.
We believe our management team has the skills and experience to identify, evaluate and consummate a Business Combination and is positioned to assist the businesses we acquire. However, our management team’s network of contacts, and its investing and operating experience, do not guarantee a successful initial business combination. The members of our management team are not required to devote any significant amount of time to our business and are involved with other businesses. We cannot guarantee that our current officers and directors will continue in their respective roles, or in any other role, after our initial business combination, and their expertise may only be of benefit to us until we complete our initial business combination. Past performance by our management team is not a guarantee of success with respect to any Business Combination we may consummate.
Involvement in Legal Proceedings
There are no legal proceedings that have occurred within the past ten years concerning our directors or control persons which involved a criminal conviction, a criminal proceeding, an administrative or civil proceeding limiting one’s participation in the securities or banking industries, or a finding of securities or commodities law violations.
Director Independence
The rules of the Nasdaq require that a majority of our board of directors be independent within one year of our initial public offering. Our board of directors has determined that each of Messrs. Hudson and Ms. Tarbox are “independent directors” as defined in Nasdaq listing standards and applicable SEC rules. Our independent directors have regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Our board of directors has two standing committees: an audit committee and a compensation committee. Both our audit committee and our compensation committee are composed solely of independent directors. Subject to phase-in rules, the rules of Nasdaq and Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act require that the audit committee of a listed company be comprised solely of independent directors. Each committee will operate under a charter that will be approved by our board and will have the composition and responsibilities described below.
Audit Committee
Under the phase-in provisions of Rule 303A of the rules and applicable SEC rules, we are required to have at least three members of the audit committee, all of whom must be independent. We have established an audit committee of the board of directors consisting of Messrs. Hudson and Ms. Tarbox, each of whom is an independent director. Ms. Tarbox is the chair of the audit committee. Each member of the audit committee is financially literate and our board of directors has determined that Ms. Tarbox qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in applicable SEC rules and has accounting or related financial management expertise.
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The audit committee is governed by the audit committee charter, which details the purpose and principal functions of the audit committee, including:
| • | assisting board oversight of (1) the integrity of our financial statements, (2) our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, (3) our independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications and independence, and (4) the performance of our internal audit function and independent registered public accounting firm; the appointment, compensation, retention, replacement, and oversight of the work of the independent registered public accounting firm and any other independent registered public accounting firm engaged by us; |
| • | pre-approving all audit and non-audit services to be provided by the independent registered public accounting firm or any other registered public accounting firm engaged by us, and establishing pre-approval policies and procedures; reviewing and discussing with the independent registered public accounting firm all relationships the independent registered public accounting firm have with us in order to evaluate their continued independence; |
| • | setting clear policies for audit partner rotation in compliance with applicable laws and regulations; obtaining and reviewing a report, at least annually, from the independent registered public accounting firm describing (1) the independent registered public accounting firm’s internal quality-control procedures and (2) any material issues raised by the most recent internal quality-control review, or peer review, of the independent registered public accounting firm, or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities, within the preceding five years respecting one or more independent audits carried out by the firm and any steps taken to deal with such issues; |
| • | meeting to review and discuss our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and the independent registered public accounting firm, including reviewing our specific disclosures under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”; reviewing and approving any related party transaction required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC prior to us entering into such transaction; and |
| • | reviewing with management, the independent registered public accounting firm, and our legal advisors, as appropriate, any legal, regulatory or compliance matters, including any correspondence with regulators or government agencies and any employee complaints or published reports that raise material issues regarding our financial statements or accounting policies and any significant changes in accounting standards or rules promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC or other regulatory authorities. |
Compensation Committee
We have established the Compensation Committee of our Board. The members of our Compensation Committee are Messrs. Hudson and Ms. Tarbox. Mr. Furer served as chair of the Compensation Committee. We have adopted a Compensation Committee charter, which details the principal functions of the Compensation Committee, including:
| • | reviewing and approving on an annual basis the corporate goals and objectives relevant to our chief executive officer’s compensation, evaluating our chief executive officer’s performance in light of such goals and objectives and determining and approving the remuneration (if any) of our chief executive officer’s based on such evaluation; |
| • | reviewing and making recommendations to our Board with respect to the compensation, and any incentive compensation and equity-based plans that are subject to board approval of all of our other officers; |
| • | reviewing our executive compensation policies and plans; |
| • | implementing and administering our incentive compensation equity-based remuneration plans; |
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| • | assisting Management in complying with our proxy statement and annual report disclosure requirements; |
| • | approving all special perquisites, special cash payments and other special compensation and benefit arrangements for our executive officers and employees; |
| • | producing a report on executive compensation to be included in our annual proxy statement; and |
| • | reviewing, evaluating and recommending changes, if appropriate, to the remuneration for directors; |
The charter also provides that the Compensation Committee may, in its sole discretion, retain or obtain the advice of a compensation consultant, legal counsel or other adviser and will be directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of any such adviser. However, before engaging or receiving advice from a compensation consultant, external legal counsel or any other adviser, the Compensation Committee will consider the independence of each such adviser, including the factors required by Nasdaq and the SEC.
Director Nominations
We do not have a standing nominating committee though we intend to form a corporate governance and nominating committee as and when required to do so by law or Nasdaq rules. In accordance with Rule 5605(e)(2) of the Nasdaq rules, a majority of the independent directors may recommend a director nominee for selection by our board of directors. Our board of directors believes that the independent directors can satisfactorily carry out the responsibility of properly selecting or approving director nominees without the formation of a standing nominating committee. The directors who will participate in the consideration and recommendation of director nominees are Messrs. Hudson and Ms. Tarbox. In accordance with Rule 5605(e)(1)(A) of the Nasdaq rules, all such directors are independent. As there is no standing nominating committee, we do not have a nominating committee charter in place.
The board of directors will also consider director candidates recommended for nomination by our shareholders during such times as they are seeking proposed nominees to stand for appointment at the next annual general meeting (or, if applicable, an extraordinary general meeting). Our shareholders that wish to nominate a director for appointment to our board of directors should follow the procedures set forth in our Current Charter.
We have not formally established any specific, minimum qualifications that must be met or skills that are necessary for directors to possess. In general, in identifying and evaluating nominees for director, our board of directors considers educational background, diversity of professional experience, knowledge of our business, integrity, professional reputation, independence, wisdom, and the ability to represent the best interests of our shareholders. Prior to our initial business combination, holders of our public shares will not have the right to recommend director candidates for nomination to our board of directors.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of our executive officers currently serves, or in the past year has served, as a member of the compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board of directors.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics applicable to our directors, officers and employees (the “Code of Ethics”). We have filed a copy of our Code of Ethics and our Audit Committee and Compensation Committee Charter as exhibits to our IPO Prospectus. Our shareholders are also able to review these documents by accessing our public filings at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, a copy of the Code of Ethics will be provided
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without charge upon request from us. We intend to disclose any amendments to or waivers of certain provisions of our Code of Ethics in a Current Report on Form 8-K.
Limitation on Liability and Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against willful default, willful neglect, actual fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association will provide that our officers and directors will be indemnified by us to the fullest extent permitted by law, as it now exists or may in the future be amended, including for any liability incurred in their capacities as such, except through their own actual fraud, willful default or willful neglect. We expect to purchase a policy of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance that insures our officers and directors against the cost of defense, settlement or payment of a judgment in some circumstances and insures us against our obligations to indemnify our officers and directors.
Our officers and directors have agreed, and any persons who may become officers or directors prior to the initial business combination will agree, to waive any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies in the trust account, and to waive any right, title, interest or claim of any kind they may have in the future as a result of, or arising out of, any services provided to us and will not seek recourse against the trust account for any reason whatsoever. Accordingly, any indemnification provided will only be able to be satisfied by us if (i) we have sufficient funds outside of the trust account or (ii) we consummate an initial business combination.
Our indemnification obligations may discourage shareholders from bringing a lawsuit against our officers or directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against our officers and directors, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our shareholders. Furthermore, a shareholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against our officers and directors pursuant to these indemnification provisions.
We believe that these provisions, the insurance and the indemnity agreements are necessary to attract and retain talented and experienced officers and directors.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF LIVE OAK
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the notes related thereto, which are included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Overview
We are a blank check company incorporated in the Cayman Islands on November 27, 2024, formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, amalgamation, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar Business Combination with one or more businesses. We intend to effectuate our Business Combination using cash derived from the proceeds of the IPO and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, our shares, debt or a combination of cash, shares and debt.
We expect to continue to incur significant costs in the pursuit of our acquisition plans. We cannot assure you that our plans to complete a Business Combination will be successful.
We may seek to extend the Combination Period consistent with applicable laws, regulations and stock exchange rules by amending our Amended and Restated Memorandum. Any such amendment would require the approval of our Public Shareholders, who will be provided the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Public Shares in connection with the vote on such approval. Such redemptions will decrease the amount held in our Trust Account and our capitalization, and may affect their ability to maintain our listing on Nasdaq. In addition, the Nasdaq Rules currently require SPACs (such as us) to complete our initial Business Combination in accordance with the Nasdaq 36-Month Requirement. If we do not meet the Nasdaq 36-Month Requirement, our securities will likely be subject to a suspension of trading and delisting from Nasdaq.
Results of Operations
We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenues to date. Our only activities since November 27, 2024 (inception) through September 30, 2025 have been (i) organizational activities and (ii) activities relating to (x) the IPO, and (y) identifying and evaluating prospective acquisition candidates and activities in connection with the initial Business Combination. We will not generate any operating revenues until after completion of our initial Business Combination. We have generated non-operating income in the form of interest income on investments held in the Trust Account after the IPO. We expect to incur increased expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance, among other things), as well as for due diligence expenses.
For the three months ended September 30, 2025, we had a net income of $2,108,631, which consists of interest income on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $2,447,954 and operating costs of $339,323.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we had a net loss of $2,096,971, which consists of operating costs of $7,705,311 and interest income on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $5,608,340.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
On March 3, 2025, we consummated the IPO of 23,000,000 Units, at $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $230,000,000. Simultaneously with the closing of the IPO, we consummated the sale of 4,500,000 Private Placement Warrants, at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant in a private placement to the Sponsor, generating gross proceeds of $4,500,000.
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Following the IPO, the full exercise of the over-allotment option, and the sale of the Private Units, a total of $231,150,000 was placed in the Trust Account. We incurred $7,723,148, consisting of $250,000 of cash underwriting fee, $6,900,000 of deferred underwriting fee and $573,148 of other offering costs.
For the year ended December 31, 2025, cash used in operating activities was $1,275,338. Net loss of $16,495,381 was affected by interest earned on marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $7,892,295, initial loss on the PIPE Subscription Agreements liability of $15,582,052, change in fair value of the PIPE Subscription Agreements liability of $307,964 and payment of expenses through the IPO Promissory Note of $2,251. Changes in operating assets and liabilities provided $7,835,999 of cash for operating activities.
For the period from November 27, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $0. Net loss of $18,571 was impacted by payment of formation costs included in general and administrative expenses through the IPO Promissory Note of $5,370 and payment of general and administrative expenses through the IPO Promissory Note of $10,451. Changes in operating assets and liabilities provided $2,750 of cash from operating activities.
As of December 31, 2025 and the period from November 27, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2024, we had marketable securities held in the Trust Account of $239,042,295 and $0, respectively (including approximately $7,892,295 and $0, respectively, of interest income consisting of money market funds with a maturity of 185 days or less). We may withdraw interest from the Trust Account to pay taxes, if any. We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in the Trust Account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the Trust Account (which interest shall be net of taxes payable, if any, and exclude the deferred fee), to complete our business combination. To the extent that our share capital or debt is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete our business combination, the remaining proceeds held in the Trust Account will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business or businesses, make other acquisitions and pursue our growth strategies.
Working Capital Loans
In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with a business combination, the Sponsor, or certain of our officers and directors or their affiliates may, but are not obligated to, loan us Working Capital Loans, as may be required. If we complete a business combination, we will repay such Working Capital Loans. In the event that a business combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the Trust Account to repay such Working Capital Loans but no proceeds from our Trust Account would be used for such repayment. Up to $1,500,000 of such Working Capital Loans may be converted into warrants of the post-business combination entity at a price of $1.00 per warrant. The warrants would be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. Other than as set forth above, the terms of such Working Capital Loans , if any, have not been determined and no written agreements exist with respect to such Working Capital Loans. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we did not have any borrowings under any Working Capital Loans.
We do not believe we will need to raise additional funds in order to meet the expenditures required for operating our business. However, if our estimate of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating a business combination are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, we may have insufficient funds available to operate our business prior to our business combination. Moreover, we may need to obtain additional financing either to complete our business combination or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of our Public Shares upon consummation of our business combination, in which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such business combination.
To mitigate the risk that we might be deemed to be an investment company for purposes of the Investment Company Act, which risk increases the longer that we hold investments in the Trust Account, we may, at any time, (based on our Management Team’s ongoing assessment of all factors related to our potential status under
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the Investment Company Act) instruct the trustee to liquidate the investments held in the Trust Account and instead to hold the funds in the Trust Account in cash or in an interest-bearing demand deposit account at a bank.
As of December 31, 2025, and the period from November 27, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents held outside of the Trust Account of approximately $1,329,433 and $0, respectively. We use the funds held outside the Trust Account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants, or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structure, negotiate and complete a business combination.
Our liquidity needs through December 31, 2025 have been satisfied through (i) a contribution of $25,000 from the Sponsor in exchange for the issuance of our Founder Shares, (ii) a loan pursuant to the IPO Promissory Note and (iii) the net proceeds from the consummation of the IPO and the Private Placement held outside the Trust Account.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no obligations, assets or liabilities, which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2025. We do not participate in transactions that create relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements. We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements, established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of other entities, or purchased any non-financial assets.
Going Concern
In connection with our assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 205-40, “Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern”, Management has determined that we currently lack the liquidity we need to sustain operations for a reasonable period of time, which is considered to be at least one year from the date that the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus are issued, as we expect to continue to incur significant costs in pursuit of our acquisition plans. In addition, Management has determined that if we are unable to complete an initial business combination within the Combination Period, then we will cease all operations except for the purpose of liquidating. These conditions, among others, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern one year from the date the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus are issued. Management plans to consummate an Initial business combination prior to the end of the Combination Period. No adjustments have been made to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities should we be required to liquidate after March 3, 2027 (since we have executed a definitive agreement for an initial business combination by December 3, 2026). There can be no assurance that our plans to raise capital or to consummate an initial business combination, including the business combination will be successful.
Contractual Obligations
Administrative Services Agreement
Commencing February 28, 2025, and until the completion of our business combination or liquidation, an affiliate of the Sponsor, $17,500 per month for office space, utilities, and secretarial and administrative support pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement. for the year ended December 31, 2025, we incurred and paid $175,000 in fees for these services. For the period ended November 27, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2024, we did not incur any fees for these services.
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We do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations or long-term liabilities, other than an agreement to pay an aggregate of $17,500 per month for office space, utilities, and secretarial and administrative support. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we incurred and paid $52,500 and $122,500 in fees for these services, respectively. We began incurring these fees on February 27, 2025 and will continue to incur these fees monthly until the earlier of the completion of the business combination and our liquidation.
The underwriters are also entitled to a deferred underwriting discount of $6,900,000 (3.0% of the gross proceeds of the IPO held in the Trust Account) upon the completion of the Company’s initial business combination subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement, but such deferred underwriting discount shall be based partly on amounts remaining in the Trust Account following all properly submitted shareholder redemptions in connection with the consummation of the initial business combination.
Advisory Fee
We have also engaged Santander US Capital Markets LLC to provide advisory services from time to time to us. As compensation for the services provided under an engagement letter, we shall pay Santander US Capital Markets LLC a fee equal to 3.00% of the gross proceeds raised in the IPO, payable upon closing of such initial business combination. We have agreed to indemnify Santander US Capital Markets LLC and its affiliates in connection with its role in providing such advisory services. The termination clause in the engagement letter deems the fee earned and recordable as of December 31, 2025, and $6,900,000 has been recorded as deferred advisory fee on the consolidated balance sheets of the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.
Fee Letter Agreement
In connection with the proposed Teamshares business combination, on December 24, 2025, we entered into a fee letter agreement pursuant to which we were obligated to pay a closing fee of $1,000,000 to the lenders in connection with a credit agreement entered into by Teamshares, if a forward purchase agreement (“FPA”) is entered into by the termination date (the “Fee Letter Agreement”). If an FPA is not entered into by the termination date, the fee payable to lenders would increase to $5,000,000. The Fee Letter Agreement was analyzed under FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” and concluded that the Sponsor Compensation (as defined under the Fee Letter Agreement) obligation must be accounted for as a liability, measured at fair value with changes recognized in earnings, because equity classification under ASC 815-40 is explicitly precluded. We assessed the value of the Fee Letter Agreement and determined it to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements, and as such, no liability or expense has been recorded in connection with the Fee Letter Agreement as of December 31, 2025.
Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus in conformity with GAAP requires Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, in our consolidated financial statements. These accounting estimates require the use of assumptions about matters, some of which are highly uncertain at the time of estimation. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments, and we evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis. To the extent actual experience differs from the assumptions used, our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus could be materially affected. We believe that the following accounting policies involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we did not have any critical accounting estimates to be disclosed.
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Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption
We account for our ordinary shares subject to possible conversion in accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Ordinary shares subject to mandatory redemption are classified as a liability instrument and measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable ordinary shares (including ordinary shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within our control) are classified as temporary equity. At all other times, ordinary shares are classified as shareholders’ equity. Our ordinary shares feature certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of our control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, ordinary shares subject to possible redemption are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the shareholders’ equity section of our condensed balance sheets.
Warrant Instruments
We account for Warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the instruments’ specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC 480 and FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the instruments are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the instruments meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the instruments are indexed to a company’s common shares and whether the instrument holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of a company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of Warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the instruments are outstanding. Upon review of the Warrant Agreement, Management concluded that the Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants issued pursuant to such warrant agreement qualify for equity accounting treatment.
Recent Accounting Standards
In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) Topic 2024-03, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses”, requiring public entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to the consolidated financial statements on an interim and annual basis. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2024-03.
Management does not believe that there are any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, which, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.
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INFORMATION ABOUT TEAMSHARES
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this section to “Teamshares,” “Teamshares Inc.,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and other similar terms refer to Teamshares and its subsidiaries prior to the Business Combination and to the Combined Company and its consolidated subsidiaries after giving effect to the Business Combination.
Company Overview
Teamshares is a tech-enabled acquiror of high-quality SMEs intending to be a permanent home for businesses. Part holding company, part fintech, Teamshares programmatically acquires companies with $0.5 to $5 million of EBITDA from retiring owners, integrates them with the Teamshares platform, and helps employees earn company stock. Our acquisition-based business model aims to drive predictable, repeatable growth and scale through financial technology.
Teamshares is among the largest acquirors of SMEs in the United States, with a differentiated, innovative model. In just six years, we have scaled to over $400 million in consolidated revenue among our Operating Subsidiaries, diversified across over 40 industries and 30 states. Teamshares’ growth is made possible by our scalable platform that combines centralized financial technology with decentralized, aligned leadership.
Teamshares’ software drives scale and efficiency across the entire company lifecycle. It helps source, underwrite, and close acquisitions efficiently and programmatically, and then provides standardized financial and operating visibility for every company. Teamshares leverages AI to scale our platform and data-driven decision-making, with each acquisition contributing data we believe compounds platform value over time.
We analyze thousands of opportunities annually through our software, targeting retirement situations for companies with strong cash flow conversion. Teamshares’ average acquired company has been in operation for more than 35 years, demonstrating durability across economic cycles.
The American economy has 6 million SMEs with up to 100 employees. Over 3 million of these companies have owners aged 55 or older and likely need to sell over the coming decades, with a limited universe of credible buyers. Teamshares aims to scale as a differentiated ‘exit of choice’ for thousands of high-quality SMEs over the long term.
From systematic sourcing to institutional leadership and centralized cash control, Teamshares aims to evolve a fragmented, founder-driven asset class into an institutionalized platform that we believe can scale predictably and deliver durable financial growth.
Our Technology
Teamshares’ software platform drives scale and efficiency across the entire lifecycle of our Operating Subsidiaries. Our proprietary software helps source, underwrite, and close acquisitions consistently and programmatically. After acquisition and financial integration, our software provides standardized financial and operating visibility for each company, creating a unified view of performance that supports disciplined operational oversight.
We integrate financial and operating data from established third-party systems across each Operating Subsidiary into a single structured data layer on which our proprietary software operates. Our technology leverages this foundation to produce actionable insights that support more informed financial decision-making, improving company profitability and supporting the long-term success of our business model.
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Each acquisition contributes standardized financial and operating data to our proprietary dataset, improving our ability to benchmark performance, identify operational patterns, and generate data-driven insights across similar businesses. As our dataset grows, we expect our underwriting accuracy and financial and operational insight to improve, which we believe creates a compounding advantage in both acquisition efficiency and company management.
We use machine learning and artificial intelligence across our platform, which we define to include a range of computational techniques, including statistical modeling, natural language processing, and large language models that automate or augment analytical tasks in our business. Within our proprietary software, we have built tools that use these techniques to support financial integration, accounting operations, transaction workflows, and financial forecasting. For example, we use natural language processing models trained on our proprietary data using open-source machine learning libraries to automate chart of accounts mapping for newly acquired companies, and we use large language models to support accounts payable workflows and investment memo preparation. We also use applied statistical models to forecast financial performance using historical and incoming transaction-level data. We monitor the performance of our models and all AI-assisted outputs are subject to human review before they are used in financial reporting, investment decisions, or operational actions.
In addition to our proprietary tools, certain of our teams use commercial large language model services provided by third-party AI service providers under enterprise agreements with privacy protections to assist with software development, financial modeling, and other analytical workflows. Our platform is designed to be model-agnostic, and we are not dependent on any single third-party AI provider. We also use third-party software-as-a-service platforms in the ordinary course of our operations, certain of which incorporate AI and machine learning features.
Building technology in-house allows us to align Teamshares’ platform directly with our business model and prioritize engineering investment in capabilities that increase acquisition throughput and enhance ongoing company performance and capital allocation. As we grow, these systems reduce marginal operating cost and enable centralized teams to support a larger network of companies, without proportional headcount increases at the platform level.
Our Business Model
Programmatic Acquisition Strategy
Teamshares is pursing a programmatic acquisition strategy. Programmatic acquirors continually engage in small acquisitions as a core growth and capital allocation strategy, reinvesting free cash flow into further acquisitions. Teamshares acquires SMEs with $0.5 million to $5.0 million of EBITDA from retiring owners, typically through the purchase of 100% of the equity interests or substantially all of the operating assets of the acquired company.
As Teamshares closes acquisitions, the financials of the acquired companies are consolidated with Teamshares’ financials as Operating Subsidiaries. A critical feature of our model is the ability to reallocate cash flow into subsequent acquisitions, high-ROI organic growth opportunities, and development of the platform to enable future scale.
As such, our growth as a programmatic acquiror is not constrained solely by the organic growth of our subsidiaries, but by our ability to intelligently allocate capital to the highest-growth opportunities.
Technology Enables Positive Selection
Internally developed software enables Teamshares to source approximately 75,000 actively-for-sale SMEs in the United States annually, of which approximately 15,000 meet our minimum size criteria. Our technology-enabled approach allows us to evaluate approximately 1,500 acquisition opportunities per year, a number we expect to increase over time.
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In 2025, Teamshares acquired 9 companies, despite evaluating approximately 1,500 opportunities. The volume of opportunities we source enables us to apply selective criteria regarding company quality and financial performance. We believe this pipeline also supports pricing and structural discipline, as we are not dependent on any single transaction and can continue pursuing other opportunities if mutually acceptable terms are not reached.
Permanent Ownership Strategy
Teamshares intends to retain ownership of its operating subsidiaries permanently. Teamshares believes that long-term shareholder value is better served by permanent ownership in a growing, diversified publicly traded company than by the potential short-term gains from selling to a privately owned competitor or a private equity fund.
Since private market valuation multiples in the acquisitions we pursue tend to be lower than those of larger public companies, Teamshares believes that it would be dilutive to shareholder value to sell a company and lose the long-term cash flow of that operating subsidiary.
Since permanent ownership is relatively rare, as is a model of bringing employees into share ownership, Teamshares provides an offering that, in our experience, retiring business owners and the brokers and advisors who represent them find compelling and highly differentiated.
Teamshares does not sell its operating subsidiaries to third parties for short-term investment gains. We have only sold businesses back to former owners, and have only done so five times in our acquisition history, with each based on the operating subsidiary not performing at expected profitability levels.
Our Growth Opportunity
We believe Teamshares has a significant opportunity to scale our platform from over 90 Operating Subsidiaries today to thousands over the long term.
Over 3 million American SMEs are owned by individuals aged 55 or older, among tens of millions of SMEs globally in a similar situation. For many of these owners, the business represents their primary asset, yet exit options are limited. Family succession accounts for an estimated 15% of exits, and approximately 70% of attempted sales fail. Teamshares was built to address this supply and demand imbalance, enabling founders to retire confidently while allowing employees to participate as aligned shareholders.
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Each year, we source more than 15,000 size-qualified opportunities through our software and underwrite thousands of potential acquisitions, focusing on retirement-driven transactions involving companies with strong cash flow, low owner dependency, and operational stability. As we evaluate and acquire more businesses, our platform continuously improves its ability to identify companies that meet our acquisition criteria, as part of the flywheel outlined below:
Our Platform
Teamshares’ platform supports disciplined underwriting, centralized financial oversight, and scalable capital deployment across a growing number of Operating Subsidiaries.
Teamshares targets businesses with $0.5 to $5.0 million of EBITDA and we have been able to maintain consistent underwriting standards, typically acquiring companies at 4x to 6x EBITDA. We generally employ moderate senior leverage of approximately 3x EBITDA, supplemented by seller financing, to achieve capital efficiency while managing downside and owner-transition risk. After onboarding, we centrally manage cash flow distributions and allocate capital to the highest return uses across Teamshares, which may include acquisitions, organic growth opportunities, or platform-level investments and expenses.
Our underwriting framework is supported by tech-enabled analysis, standardized diligence workflows, and centralized investment committee review. This discipline, combined with automation of recurring financial processes, supports a target of approximately 75% to 85% EBITDA-to-free-cash-flow conversion. Generated cash flow is systematically redeployed across the platform, which we believe will create the ability to increasingly self-finance acquisitions over time.
Our proprietary software enables operating leverage by allowing Teamshares to add Operating Subsidiaries faster than our corporate overhead grows. Since 2023, operating EBITDA per corporate employee has increased approximately threefold.
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Sourcing
Our proprietary software helps continuously identify and evaluate thousands of leads and automate screening based on defined acquisition criteria. Our software automates repetitive steps including sourcing, initial filtering, broker outreach and NDA execution. This focus on software-driven efficiency has led to significant operating leverage. Our software is designed to identify select opportunities that line up with our structural investment criteria, including:
| • | Retirement situations |
| • | Decades in business |
| • | Low owner dependency |
| • | Support staff in place |
| • | Low revenue transition risk |
| • | Low capital intensity |
| • | Low technology disruption risk |
| • | Clean tax returns |
We believe these criteria help identify established family-owned enterprises with relatively low transition risk, particularly with respect to sustaining historical and projected financial performance following the transition of leadership from the prior owner to a Teamshares president.
Teamshares continues to expand its range of industries in which it operates as part of a deliberate diversification strategy intended to reduce concentration risk. We believe single-industry acquisition strategies may increase exposure to rising purchase multiples driven by competition and to industry-specific downturns that could create heightened risk for the parent company, although diversification does not eliminate such risks.
Underwriting
Our software helps us manage the process of initial diligence and financial analysis on acquisition opportunities, generate offer documents, organize and summarize company information. Teamshares’ approach to underwriting is conservative, focusing on corporate tax returns and bank accounts as the financials of record for SMEs.
Closing
Our in-house legal and financial diligence team, along with our proprietary software manages a standardized closing workflow that includes data room administration, standardized financial diligence reporting and legal document generation. This operational efficiency has enabled us to close up to seven acquisitions in a single month.
Acquisition Valuation
The retiring owners we seek to buy from are generally represented by a business broker or a small M&A advisory firm. The selling agent typically presents an explicit asking price or a target EBITDA multiple range concurrent with providing financial information. The asking price feature of the SME market helps focus our time on opportunities where our own internal valuation and terms line up and avoid wasting time in blind price discovery.
Teamshares analyzes four to five years of historical financials, recasting them to account for expected cost changes under our ownership. We determine our valuation based on expected EBITDA and cash flow, generally targeting a 4-6x multiple of expected EBITDA and a 15-20% unlevered free cash flow yield. We determine our valuation offer for each opportunity based on the potential acquisition’s size, risk profile, and growth potential above historical performance.
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After presenting a letter of intent and receiving feedback, we determine if negotiating terms at the margin will result in a signed offer, or if we are too far apart from true seller expectations (as sometimes asking prices or ranges are inflated vs. the true price a seller will transact at).
Teamshares is an experienced acquiror and a conservative underwriter that takes a lengthy historical view of expected EBITDA and cash flow. As such, we often underwrite to lower financials than less experienced buyers who accept addbacks we reject, or buyers who plan to cut costs via headcount reductions following acquisition. We do not compete based on price, but provide sellers an offer within our view of fair market value, paired with our differentiating aspects of high transaction certainty, operational continuity, and a legacy of permanent ownership alongside employees.
Acquisition Consideration
Teamshares structures the purchase consideration for its acquisitions as a mix of cash and seller financing. Seller financing typically involves a seller note with a term of up to five years, and may also include a performance-based earnout based on revenue, gross profit, or EBITDA. A performance-based earnout is typically used to bridge a valuation gap, such that the earnout is achieved only if the financial metric driving it sustains a peak historical figure or a new future level of growth, depending on the situation and nature of the valuation gap. Seller financing not only aligns ongoing financial performance, but also protects Teamshares in case of indemnity claims given our right to offset.
Acquisition Financing
Teamshares finances the cash components of its subsidiary acquisitions with a mix of debt financing and cash on hand. Debt financing for acquisitions has historically been from either a group debt facility, such as the i80 Credit Facility, or from term loans from local and regional banks. Cash has historically come from proceeds to Teamshares derived from a series of preferred stock issuances by Teamshares led by venture capital firms. If Teamshares’ i80 Credit Facility is not refinanced or the maturity date thereunder is not extended, amounts outstanding under the i80 Credit Facility (including PIK interest) will require repayment by Teamshares by December 5, 2026 (assuming no earlier maturity or acceleration events occur) and Teamshares may need to secure other sources of debt financing for its acquisitions (which may or may not be available on terms more favorable to Teamshares than its current credit facilities).
As Teamshares enters the public markets, it is focused on achieving a lower cost of debt financing and executing its plans to potentially generate free cash flows for acquisitions by 2027, allowing the company to use cash flow to increasingly fund the equity portion of acquisition consideration.
Onboarding
After closing, we onboard the new Operating Subsidiary onto our platform, including upgrading financial reporting to monthly GAAP-level accounting and implementing standardized operational KPIs. We integrate payroll and other administrative functions where appropriate and leverage third-party service providers when proprietary systems are not applicable.
Our platform supports the sourcing and management of Presidents for each Operating Subsidiary to ensure operational continuity. Each subsidiary is led by a dedicated President whose cost is underwritten at acquisition and embedded in the cost structure of our model. Presidents report to a seasoned Group President, enabling scalability, mentorship, and career advancement, with compensation aligned to subsidiary-level performance.
By creating a differentiated leadership role in the founder-driven SME economy, Teamshares has hired Presidents from a wide range of backgrounds. Since implementing programmatic hiring changes in 2023, we have achieved an 86% success rate in placing and retaining strong Presidents in key operational roles with relevant industry, financial and leadership experience.
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Financial Management
After onboarding, our software continues to provide centralized financial oversight across our Operating Subsidiaries, delivering regular reporting on key financial and performance metrics, including:
| • | Operating key performance indicators, or “KPIs” |
| • | Cash flow monitoring and management |
| • | Financial reporting and variance analysis |
| • | Monthly management discussion and analysis |
| • | Financial controls and compliance |
This centralized visibility, combined with our decentralized leadership model, creates operational leverage that enables us to scale oversight and management as we grow. It also gives us the ability to dispatch additional leadership resources early if a company is showing negative financial indicators.
Our software also manages equity administration for each Operating Subsidiary at minimal marginal cost. Traditional equity management plans can cost upwards of six figures for a typical company to implement and maintain between external legal, tax and accounting expenses. Our integrated approach eliminates these expenses while ensuring accurate capital table management and employee equity tracking across our operating subsidiaries.
Centralized Cash Control and Redeployment
Teamshares standardizes banking across Operating Subsidiaries and consolidates available cash into a centralized treasury structure on a regular basis. This architecture enhances financial visibility and controls while enabling efficient capital allocation across Teamshares.
Our cash management systems enable regular upstreaming of available free cash flow from Operating Subsidiaries, and we are building towards near full automation of such cash management. This reinvestment model provides the potential to accelerate our growth beyond organic expansion alone and serves as a defining feature of our tech-enabled acquisition strategy.
Teamshares’ Employee Shareholder Program
Teamshares incorporates its employee shareholder program in each acquired company using our proprietary software, creating a near-zero marginal administrative cost to implement and maintain the program. Our strategy
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is to create a positive-sum, shareholder-focused environment where employees are incentivized to stay at the company long-term and help drive profitability by giving employees an economic stake in the outcome.
Teamshares holds preferred stock in each of the operating subsidiaries, which allows it to maintain control of decisions that impact cash flow, capital allocation and corporate governance. Shortly after acquisition we create an employee pool of restricted common stock initially representing 10% of the operating subsidiary’s stock on a fully-diluted basis. These grants are subject to four-year vesting, in order to align employees with long-term retention and financial performance. The employee shareholder program is generally allocated to full-time employees with certain exceptions based on the nature of the business and employee base.
Teamshares creates mutual alignment for financial performance through dividends when the operating subsidiary exceeds a required cash balance after considering working capital and maintenance capital expenditure needs. Employees are able to earn more ownership as the business succeeds and generates cash to distribute. Our employee shareholder program for employees of operating subsidiaries is reflected in our financial statements as stock-based compensation expense and classified as equity under US GAAP. See further information regarding the consolidation of operating subsidiaries, operating subsidiary capital structure, and operating subsidiary share-based compensation programs within the footnotes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Financial Products and Other Revenue Opportunities
Teamshares believes we can create additional value for shareholders and our Operating Subsidiaries by launching and distributing products and services that replace third-party expenses, capturing profit internally and delivering a better experience. We are early in its execution of this strategy, but we have already launched business insurance and health insurance products to replace existing vendors, and we can offer a substantially similar product for the same price, or better, than a third party. While today this strategy is relatively immaterial from a financial standpoint today, we expect it to contribute materially long-term, and it is an important strategic focus and our segment reporting is designed to help disclose the financials of these activities.
Competitive Landscape
The competitive landscape for SME acquisitions is highly fragmented, and as a result, Teamshares does not compete with many publicly traded SME acquirors. SME buyers typically operate at low volume: individuals may acquire only one business in their lifetime, and aside from rollups, fund-driven and institutional buyers in the SME space typically acquire a handful of companies in a decade.
In the sub-$1 million EBITDA segment of U.S. SMEs for sale, Teamshares predominantly competes with individuals and often first-time buyers. In the $1 to 5 million EBITDA range, typical buyers include individuals, search funds, fundless sponsors, family offices, private equity funds, and industry rollups.
Teamshares focuses on retirement situations where the owner has engaged a broker. We either negotiate directly as a differentiated buyer of choice, or against a small group of alternative buyers. Teamshares avoids broad auctions and industries with rollup activity to avoid potentially inflated purchase prices.
Differentiation as an ‘Exit of Choice’
Teamshares differentiates itself against other buyers on several dimensions.
For retiring owners, Teamshares brings:
| • | High certainty of closing a transaction in the challenging and uneven SME market |
| • | High credibility in transitioning businesses across industries |
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| • | A unique legacy with intended permanent ownership between Teamshares and employees, but structured as a simple business sale, allowing the owner to retire often within a few months |
For employees who are generally at-will and actively choosing to stay post-transaction, Teamshares brings:
| • | Continuity of operations, pay, and benefits |
| • | Enhanced financial opportunity to participate in equity and benefit from growth |
| • | The stability of our permanent ownership model |
Our Competitive Advantages
We believe that Teamshares benefits from several competitive strengths that support our business model and growth strategy.
| • | Accumulating Advantage: We believe our operating model benefits from a flywheel in which more acquisition leads, acquired companies, richer post-closing data, more purchasing power and a growing talent pool of former owners and Presidents contribute to increasingly consistent post-acquisition performance. This improved performance may attract additional capital, which we may use to further support additional scale. As a public company, we believe we will have access to larger financing capacity and a lower cost of capital than was available to us as a private company. If achieved, a lower cost of capital would reinforce our acquisition advantages and enhance our ability to reinvest in additional acquisitions, technology and continued platform strengthening. |
| • | Diversification Advantage: Our deliberate industry and geographic diversification strategy emphasizes expanding our addressable market to support long-term growth and maintain selective underwriting across a broad pipeline of opportunities. We also believe our deliberate diversification can help mitigate the impact of economic cycles and headwinds that may affect specific sectors or regions, as well as avoid sectors experiencing elevated purchase multiples due to aggressive rollup strategies. |
| • | Comparative Operating Efficiency: Leveraging our technology and internal capabilities, we believe Teamshares can source a large universe of potential acquisition candidates per year at almost zero marginal cost and close transactions and perform due diligence at a small fraction of the six-to-seven figure transaction costs that private equity firms, fundless sponsors and search funds typically incur. |
| • | Data and Learning Curve Advantages: In addition to our software advantage in acquisitions, we continuously gain insights and experience from evaluating thousands of businesses per year, and from collecting and leveraging the data of 92 companies to drive operating results. We involve our internal industry and subject matter experts in underwriting, which expands as we add more industries to Teamshares. As we find mistakes or frictions in diligence or post-closing, we create process steps to avoid these mistakes or frictions in the future. |
| • | Scale Advantage: With over 90 Operating Subsidiaries and significant venture capital investment that funded the build-out of our platform as we scaled, we have built a platform that would likely be difficult to replicate. |
Our Operating Subsidiaries
Teamshares’ Operating Subsidiaries form the foundation of our long-term ownership model. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, Teamshares owns and operates over 90 Operating Subsidiaries diversified across six U.S. regions, generating approximately $472 million in LTM revenue through December 31, 2025 and employing approximately 2,000 people. The average Operating Subsidiary has operated for over 35 years, reflecting Teamshares’ focus on established, cash-generative small businesses with stable customer relationships and strong community ties.
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Teamshares’ revenues are diversified across its portfolio of over 90 operating subsidiaries, and revenues are not materially concentrated in any single operating subsidiary. During the twelve months ended June 30, 2025, the operating subsidiary with the highest revenues comprised approximately 6% of Teamshares’ consolidated revenues. No other operating subsidiary accounted for more than 5% of consolidated revenues during this period. Our diversified portfolio across multiple industries and geographic regions is designed to mitigate concentration risk and reduce the impact of adverse developments affecting any single operating subsidiary, industry, or region.
Geographic Footprint
Our Operating Subsidiaries are distributed across the U.S., including 26 in the Northeast, 21 in the Midwest, 22 in the West, 11 in the Southeast, 8 in the Southwest and 1 in Alaska. Teamshares has three non-US companies, one each in Canada, Japan and Switzerland. Geographic diversity mitigates concentration risk and supports sustainable growth by spreading operations across regions and building local scale, without overexposure to any single market.
BROAD GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSIFICATION
Industry Diversification
We focus on acquiring businesses in fragmented industries characterized by stable demand, essential service offerings, and recurring revenue characteristics. Our Operating Subsidiaries span a balanced mix of durable SME sectors, including consumer goods (28% of revenue), business services (14%), building products (17%), food and beverage (23%), technical services (10%) and distribution (8%). While Teamshares may observe certain macroeconomic trends across the industries and geographical locations of its operating subsidiaries, such as (but not limited to) rising inflation and monetary supply shifts, rising interest rates, labor shortages, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, increases in unemployment rates, recession risks and uncertainty about economic and geopolitical stability, we believe our diversified approach dampens cyclicality and provides a strong earnings base across economic cycles. We expect this mix to continue to evolve over time based on deliberate diversification and continued expansion into industries where businesses meet our structural investment criteria. To date, the macroeconomic trends discussed above have not had a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If, however, economic uncertainty increases or the global economy worsens, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.
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SIGNIFICANT INDUSTRY DIVERSIFICATION
Our Culture of Trust, Innovation, and Alignment
Equity alignment is directly wired into our business model, with trust and innovation driven and reinforced by our core values. Given the flywheel effect of our business, when one Operating Subsidiary succeeds, Teamshares becomes stronger as a whole. This compounding effect cannot be achieved without trust amongst all of our stakeholders – trust serves as our invisible leverage, and is our most important core value. Our commitment to innovation occurs through our product development and process engineering cycles, and is also instilled through our ongoing commitment to challenge key assumptions and startup-style experimentation. Trust and innovation serve as the backbone to our overarching goal of alignment amongst investors, Operating Subsidiaries and their employees, Presidents and former owners.
Our Operations
Our Employees
As of December 31, 2025, Teamshares has over 90 employees consisting primarily of general and administrative and technical functions including finance, operations and technology.
Our Facilities
Teamshares’ headquarters are located in 214 Sullivan Street, 6B New York, NY 10012. Teamshares considers its current office space adequate for its current operations, particularly given our primarily distributed corporate operations. Teamshares’ headquarters is primarily used for senior management, finance, operations and information technology.
Government Regulation
We are subject to various local, state, federal and international laws and regulations, and it is our policy to comply with the applicable laws in each jurisdiction in which we conduct business. Regulations include but are not limited to those related to environment, competition, product safety, workplace health and safety, employment, labor and data privacy.
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Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may be involved in various legal proceedings arising from the ordinary course of business activities. We are not presently a party to any litigation the outcome of which we believe, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF TEAMSHARES
The following discussion and analysis of Teamshares’ financial condition and results of operations should be read with Teamshares’ audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. Certain of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus, including information with respect to plans and strategy for its business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, including those factors set forth in the section “Risk Factors,” Teamshares’ actual results could differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward- looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis. Refer to the section entitled “Risk Factors” to gain an understanding of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements. For more information, see the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this section to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “Teamshares,” or “our” refer to the business of Teamshares Inc.
Overview
Teamshares is a technology-enabled acquirer and operator of SMEs. Our acquisition criteria is primarily focused on companies for sale by retiring owners with approximately $0.5 million to $5.0 million of EBITDA. We leverage proprietary software to source and evaluate thousands of SME acquisition opportunities annually. The purchase multiples for our acquisitions typically range from 4x to 6x EBITDA and are partially funded with debt financing. The Company’s acquisition strategy intentionally targets a diversified mix of businesses across industries and geographies, which is intended to create resilient financial performance across different economic conditions. Additionally, diversification reduces our exposure to inflation of purchase multiples in particular industries or geographies, which improves our ability to maintain disciplined acquisition economics.
The acquired companies are integrated onto the Teamshares platform, which includes, but is not limited to, proprietary software, financial products, support services, treasury management, strategic oversight, leadership placement and administration of an employee ownership program. The employee ownership program is designed to align long-term incentives between Teamshares and the employee owners at its operating subsidiaries. We derive revenue and generate cash flow from the financial performance of our subsidiaries, not from exit events. Therefore, our permanent ownership model is not dependent on multiple expansion, fund cycles or exit timing, and is designed to compound value through reinvestment of free cash flow. Excess free cash flow is systematically upstreamed to the platform and redeployed for new acquisitions and organic growth opportunities across our operating subsidiaries, which is expected to create a self-funding flywheel that compounds over time while continuing to diversify industry and geographic exposure. While our operating subsidiaries have historically generated positive operating cash flow, our consolidated free cash flow has been negative due to our investment in corporate platform capabilities, technology, and growth initiatives. As the scale of our operating subsidiaries increases relative to these platform-level expenses, we expect the cash flow generated by our operating subsidiaries to increasingly fund acquisitions and other growth initiatives over time.
We expect to continue to create operating leverage from our tech-enabled infrastructure. This dynamic is expected to result in the ability to increase earnings from operating subsidiaries at a rate in excess of corporate overhead. However, there can be no assurance that operating leverage will be achieved at the levels currently expected. As we accumulate and analyze data from acquisitions and ongoing operations, we believe we will continue to refine our acquisition criteria, underwriting process, and ability to improve financial performance of existing operating subsidiaries. We believe our ability to deploy capital towards highly accretive acquisition opportunities, successfully transition and operate acquired companies, and scale overhead through our tech-enabled infrastructure will allow us to create significant value for our stakeholders.
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Key Factors Affecting Our Business and Results of Operations
The growth and future success of our business depend on many factors. While each of these factors presents significant opportunities for our business, they also pose important challenges that we must successfully address in order to sustain our growth, improve our results of operations and achieve and maintain our long-term profitability.
Our ability to successfully complete acquisitions and impact on comparability
Acquisitions are a core driver of our business model and growth. Our ability to continue sourcing, closing and integrating acquisitions at scale meaningfully affects our results of operations. The pace at which we are able to complete acquisitions is impacted by our ability to both source and fund acquisitions. We source the majority of our transactions through a proprietary, technology-enabled platform that automates lead generation, initial screening, underwriting workflows, and closing documentation. Our tech-enabled platform identifies targets that align with our underwriting criteria, including owner retirement, significant operating history, low owner dependency, established support staff, low transition risk to revenue, low capital intensity, limited technology disruption risk and financial results that can withstand rigorous diligence. We believe our reputation, permanent ownership approach and employee-ownership model differentiate us with retiring SME owners relative to alternative financial buyers, which supports pipeline quality and close rates.
Our capacity to complete acquisitions also depends on our access to capital and our cost of funds. We typically finance a significant portion of acquisitions with debt, which has increased our outstanding indebtedness over time and contributed to a historically higher cost of capital under existing credit facilities and other debt instruments. Beginning in 2023, we augmented our funding mix with seller notes, which generally differ from market yields. Reducing our cost of capital going forward depends on our ability to refinance existing borrowings on more attractive terms, access more competitive debt markets, and continue to utilize seller notes. Macroeconomic conditions, including interest rates, credit availability and valuation environments, as well as any restrictive covenants in future debt instruments, may affect our acquisition pace and mix. We may also opportunistically raise equity to support acquisitions, working capital or platform investments, which could dilute existing stockholders. For additional information on our capital structure and related costs, see “Liquidity, Capital Resources and Going Concern.”
Under GAAP, the results of acquired companies are included in our consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date. As a result, the timing of acquisition closings can affect period-to-period comparability. Companies acquired late in a reporting period may contribute results for only a portion of that period and may be absent from the comparable prior-year period, which can limit comparability of revenue, gross profit, operating income and other metrics between periods. In addition, our strategy emphasizes building a diversified portfolio across industries, end markets and geographies. Newly acquired businesses may have revenue models, cost structures, working capital dynamics and seasonality profiles that differ from our existing operations. Shifts in the relative contribution of recently acquired companies, particularly those with financial characteristics that differ meaningfully from our existing base, may drive period-to-period fluctuations that reflect portfolio mix rather than organic changes in underlying performance.
Period-to-period comparability may also be impacted by operating subsidiaries that cease operations during the year. Divestiture of operating subsidiaries is not part of the Company’s normal course of operations; however, such actions may occur when management determines it is appropriate based on its assessment of a subsidiary’s business performance and outlook. These subsidiaries generally relate to businesses that no longer meet the Company’s underwriting criteria. As a result, their operating results may be included in one reporting period but not another, which can affect comparability and may not be indicative of future operating performance. Teamshares’ proprietary, technology-enabled platform strives to identify permanent ownership solutions and decrease the amount of operating subsidiaries that cease operations after being newly acquired, although there is no way to guarantee future performance of the operating subsidiaries will mirror past
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performance. Operating subsidiaries may cease operations based on a variety of factors, including macroeconomic demand, strategic initiatives and Teamshares’ assessment of their business performance and outlook.
Our ability to retain key personnel and recruit new leaders into our platform
Our ability to drive both organic and acquisition-led growth depends on attracting, developing and retaining high-caliber leaders and employee owners across our operating subsidiaries and ensuring a smooth transition of responsibilities from retiring owners. Continued performance is dependent on the successful placement of new presidents, whose cost is underwritten within our acquisition economics.
Talent continuity at the operating level is critical to maintaining customer relationships, process know-how, and day-to-day execution. To mitigate retention risk, we invest in structured onboarding and training and we use proprietary candidate matching tools to support leadership identification and matching. Our platform enables us to screen potential acquisitions against defined criteria, including low owner dependency and established support staff, while concurrently sourcing and assessing candidates whose operating profile aligns with each acquired business. Additionally, we apply lessons learned from our prior integrations to strengthen our selection process for presidents for acquired businesses, placement and oversight framework. These processes, together with compensation packages that include employee-ownership participation and performance-linked incentives, are designed to support development, reduce turnover and enhance employee engagement during and after transition.
Despite these measures, newly acquired companies may experience near-term variability in results during transition periods, including periods of former-owner transition or elevated hiring activity. Local labor availability, wage inflation, and the at-will nature of employment may increase turnover risk or hiring costs in certain geographies or sectors, and diligence limitations inherent to SMEs may increase variability in financial results during this transition period. Such transition-related costs and fluctuations may not be indicative of the acquired companies’ or our consolidated future performance and can affect period-to-period comparability. In addition, we face competition for qualified personnel, and our future success depends on our ability to recruit, train, retain, motivate and integrate presidents and other key employees in a competitive labor market. Adverse developments in any of these areas could lengthen leadership search or onboarding timelines, disrupt operations, and impact subsidiary performance and cash conversion rates during integration.
Our ability to scale our platform efficiently
Our success depends largely on our ability to expand our platform without proportionately increasing our corporate cost structure as we grow both organically and through acquisitions. Each new operating subsidiary adds earnings and data that feed our underwriting, pricing and integration playbooks, which helps inform future acquisition decisions and improves operational effectiveness across the network. As we standardize operations across a larger base of operating subsidiaries, we can leverage shared services, centralized procurement, treasury and cash management, common financial controls and reporting, and software-enabled workflows to capture economies of scale and lower unit costs. However, these expected synergies are not factored into our underwriting assumptions nor are they required to achieve an attractive return profile.
We rely on proprietary software and technology to support scalable growth. Our systems help standardize core processes, accelerate onboarding, and provide management with real time insights across our portfolio that improves resource allocation and performance management. As the platform grows, careful prioritization of platform investments, disciplined cost control and continuous improvement of our operating system are critical to maintaining operating leverage in selling, general and administrative expenses while sustaining service levels across the network.
We expect that continued investment in our technology platform, shared services and operating playbooks will increase automation, reduce unit costs and improve selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) leverage as revenue scales.
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Our ability to balance third-party debt and seller notes to optimize cost of capital
Our acquisition cadence and cash flow compounding depend on access to debt at sustainable terms and our ability to lower our overall cost of funds over time. A meaningful portion of our historical indebtedness carries elevated fixed rates plus SOFR, including legacy facilities that were designed to fund programmatic acquisitions at earlier stages of scale. We are pursuing opportunities to refinance these borrowings on improved terms and Teamshares management believes that progress on potential refinancing plans, together with the deployment of anticipated proceeds from the business combination into accretive acquisitions, will strengthen our credit profile, reduce cash interest, and increase capacity to reinvest operating cash flows. Although Teamshares expects its credit profile to be improved upon consummation of the proposed Business Combination, there can be no assurances that additional debt financing can be secured on terms more favorable than the terms of our current group credit facilities. Further, Teamshares will, at the Closing, be required to repay outstanding amounts under its HBC Facility and, unless previously refinanced or amended, its obligations under the i80 Credit Facility will also come due in early December 2026, which repayment obligations, pursuant to both facilities, are substantial and which, if not refinanced, repaid or otherwise amended to extend maturity dates thereunder, could impair Teamshares’ ability to pursue programmatic acquisition plans on the timelines and terms currently anticipated by Teamshares management. We also continue to expand the use of seller notes with fixed rates generally in the mid-single to high-single digits and maturities that align with subsidiary cash generation, which can lower the blended cost of capital and reduce near-term cash interest outlays.
We believe that refinancing legacy facilities at lower rates (assuming the availability of financing on such terms), maintaining disciplined leverage at subsidiaries, and continuing to diversify funding across instruments will be meaningful drivers of future results by lowering interest burden, enhancing liquidity, and supporting a consistent, repeatable acquisition program.
Seasonality and Impact on Comparability
Our consolidated results are subject to seasonal patterns and other periodic variability arising from the diversified nature of our subsidiaries across industries and geographies. Drivers of seasonality vary by business and may include weather and climate conditions, customer spending patterns, project and maintenance schedules, academic calendars, government fiscal cycles, and holiday timing. These dynamics can lead to sequential and year-over-year fluctuations in revenue, margins and cash flows that are not necessarily indicative of long-term trends. In addition, certain subsidiaries maintain inventories or advance purchase commitments to support peak seasonal demand; building inventory ahead of such periods or drawing down inventory thereafter can impact interim gross margins and operating cash flows.
Period-to-period comparability is further affected by the cadence of our acquisitions. We acquire companies throughout the year, and, as a result, the contribution of a newly acquired subsidiary may reflect only a portion of its typical seasonal cycle, depending on the acquisition date. In addition, the mix of acquisitions closed in a period, by end market, geography and customer type, can shift our overall seasonal profile. Because our model contemplates rapid and programmatic acquisitions, periods that include peak or off-peak months for recently acquired businesses may not be comparable to prior periods that included only a partial seasonal contribution or a different mix of seasonal activity.
Taken together, these factors mean that our quarterly and even annual results may reflect a combination of underlying seasonal dynamics, acquisition timing, and mix effects across our subsidiaries. Accordingly, fluctuations in our consolidated revenue, profitability and cash flows between periods may occur for reasons other than changes in the fundamental performance of our businesses, and investors should avoid drawing conclusions about underlying trends based solely on short-term movements in our reported results. We believe the breadth of our portfolio and the permanent, long-term ownership model of our platform help moderate, but do not eliminate, seasonality and timing effects at the consolidated level.
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Components of Operations
Revenue
Our revenue consists of both product sales and service revenue from our operating subsidiaries. Our operating subsidiaries operate across a broad range of industries and revenues are generated from a diverse mix of product and service offerings. In addition, our operating subsidiaries are located in numerous geographies primarily across the United States. This geographic and industry diversity reduces reliance on any particular customer segment, economic cycle, or local market and is expected to result in a more stable and resilient consolidated revenue profile. Future acquisitions are expected to continue to expand the industry and geographic diversity of our revenue streams. See “Critical Accounting Estimates - Revenue Recognition” below for a more detailed discussion of our revenue recognition policy.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue includes the direct cost of products and services sold. The direct cost of products sold primarily includes purchases of raw materials and finished goods from suppliers, adjusted for supplier rebates, personnel costs for employees that directly contribute to the production of goods, packaging materials, shipping costs and depreciation of assets associated with the distribution and delivery of products. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are recorded in revenue, with the related shipping and handling costs recognized in cost of revenue. The direct cost of services sold primarily includes personnel cost for employees that directly contribute to the execution of the services being sold. The personnel costs included in cost of revenue include salaries, wages, benefits and contractor fees.
We expect cost of revenue to increase in future periods as we continue to grow through acquisitions of new businesses. However, the Company’s gross margins may not change proportionally with increases in cost of revenue, as the mix of acquired businesses can differ from the Company’s historical operations. Acquisitions may include businesses with higher or lower gross margins, which could result in changes to overall consolidated gross margin percentages. Consequently, future gross margins may fluctuate based on the types of businesses acquired and the relative contribution of their revenues and costs to total operations.
Depreciation
Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the related asset. Depreciation expense includes amounts related to vehicles, computers, machinery, and equipment, furniture and fixtures, third-party software, buildings and leasehold improvements used in the Company’s operations.
Amortization
Amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the related asset. We amortize definite-lived intangible assets, including trade names, customer-related intangible assets and internally developed software. Amortization expense also includes the impairment of definite-lived intangibles.
See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Goodwill and Intangible Assets” to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for further discussion of amortization expense.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, General, and Administrative expenses (“SG&A”) include personnel costs for employees that support corporate initiatives, and for employees at our operating subsidiaries that are involved in selling and
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marketing functions, management, accounting, administration and human resources. The personnel costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses includes salaries, wages, benefits and contractor fees. Selling, general and administrative expenses also include rent, professional service fees, stock compensation, advertising and marketing costs, and allocated overhead.
We have taken actions to reduce our corporate headcount in 2025 and 2024; therefore, the current corporate headcount level is below the average for 2025 and 2024. Furthermore, there was $1.0 million and $2.6 million of severance included in SG&A expenses related to these reduction actions for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Excluding the impact of other factors, the reductions in corporate headcount would result in decreases in SG&A expenses compared to recent historical periods. However, we expect SG&A expenses to increase in the near term due to increased compliance and reporting costs associated with being a public company, including increased legal, accounting, compliance and investor relations related costs. In connection with the proposed Business Combination, we expect to incur nonrecurring transaction and advisory costs that will be recognized in SG&A and may increase near-term period-over-period volatility. Additionally, we expect SG&A expenses to increase in the future due to additional personnel and operational costs from newly acquired businesses as the Company continues its growth through acquisitions. However, we expect the incremental earnings from acquisitions and organic growth to materially exceed the increases in corporate overhead.
Goodwill Impairment
Goodwill impairment is recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s net assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. Goodwill impairment primarily relates to persistent declines in the financial performance of certain operating subsidiaries.
See “Critical Accounting Estimates—Goodwill Impairment” below for a more detailed discussion of our goodwill impairment policy.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net consists primarily of interest expense related to our long term debt as well as interest income related to our cash and cash equivalents. This includes both cash-based interest expense and income, as well as non-cash interest expense such as PIK Interest, amortization of discounts on debt instruments, and the amortization of deferred debt issuance costs. Historically, our interest expense primarily related to borrowings under the i80 Facility and Sound Point facility. These instruments have elevated interest rates compared to recently issued single company term loans and seller notes, and we are in the process of attempting to refinance the i80 Facility. We expect the refinanced debt instrument to have a lower interest rate than these historical credit facilities given the anticipated improvement in our credit profile since issuance as well as the positive impact on our credit profile as a result of the equity proceeds from the Business Combination.
Income Tax Expense
The Company is subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes and files its tax returns on a consolidated basis. Income tax expense consists of current and deferred components, reflecting taxes payable or refundable for the current year and the expected future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities. We aggregate certain tax attributes when calculating consolidated taxable income for federal and state purposes. The Company’s primary current tax exposure relates to state income taxes, which are recorded as a component of current income tax expense.
We currently have significant net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards, which are reflected as deferred tax assets. The realizability of these deferred tax assets is evaluated periodically and is dependent on the generation of future taxable income. Management establishes valuation allowances as necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. The Company and its accountants are in the process of evaluating
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the extent to which any such NOLs may be available to the Company to offset tax liabilities after the Closing; as of the date hereof, this analysis is ongoing.
Segment Performance
The Company has two reportable segments: Small Business Acquisitions and Real Estate. Segment EBITDA is our chief operating decision maker’s primary measure of segment performance. The aggregate of Segment EBITDA is referred to as Operating EBITDA, which represents earnings from our operating subsidiaries and excludes platform-level corporate expenses. This only includes post-acquisition results and excludes certain non-cash expenses such as depreciation, amortization, goodwill impairment, share-based compensation and gains/(losses) from disposition of assets. Segment Revenues and Segment EBITDA include the impact of intercompany transactions that are eliminated in consolidation. See further information regarding the Company’s segment reporting and other reportable revenue, within the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements. The tables below summarize the revenue and Segment EBITDA for each of our reportable segments and in the aggregate:
Segment Revenues
| For the year ended December 31, |
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| (in thousands, except for percentages) | 2025 | 2024 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||
| Small Businesses Acquisitions |
$ | 471,567 | $ | 398,641 | $ | 72,926 | 18.3% | |||||||||
| Real Estate |
2,013 | 2,759 | (746 | ) | (27.1)% | |||||||||||
| Other1 |
9,476 | 6,604 | 2,872 | 43.5% | ||||||||||||
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| Total |
$ | 483,056 | $ | 408,004 | $ | 75,052 | 18.4% | |||||||||
| 1. | “Other” comprises revenues not attributable to our reportable segments and is presented for reconciliation purposes only; it does not constitute a separate reportable segment. |
Segment and Operating EBITDA
| For the year ended December 31, |
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| (in thousands, except for percentages) | 2025 | 2024 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||
| Small Businesses Acquisitions |
$ | 44,137 | $ | 19,399 | 24,738 | 127.5% | ||||||||||
| Real Estate |
1,997 | 2,742 | (745 | ) | (27.2)% | |||||||||||
| Other |
(1,777 | ) | 212 | (1,989 | ) | N/M | ||||||||||
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| Operating EBITDA |
$ | 44,356 | $ | 22,353 | 22,003 | 98.4% | ||||||||||
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations of Teamshares Inc. and its subsidiaries for the periods presented. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
| For the year ended December 31, |
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| (in thousands, except for percentages) | 2025 | 2024 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||
| Revenue |
$ | 471,567 | $ | 398,641 | $ | 72,926 | 18.3 | % | ||||||||
| Cost of Revenue |
288,467 | 259,321 | 29,146 | 11.2 | % | |||||||||||
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| Gross Profit |
183,100 | 139,320 | 43,780 | 31.4 | % | |||||||||||
| Operating Expenses (Income) |
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| Depreciation |
3,086 | 3,747 | (661 | ) | (17.6 | )% | ||||||||||
| Amortization |
5,907 | 5,635 | 272 | 4.8 | % | |||||||||||
| Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses |
191,421 | 167,632 | 23,789 | 14.2 | % | |||||||||||
| Goodwill Impairment |
19,412 | 15,645 | 3,767 | 24.1 | % | |||||||||||
| Loss (Gain) on Disposition of Assets |
(5,418 | ) | 2,661 | (8,079 | ) | (303.6 | )% | |||||||||
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| Total Operating Expenses |
214,409 | 195,321 | 19,088 | 9.8 | % | |||||||||||
| Loss from Operations |
(31,308 | ) | (56,001 | ) | 24,693 | 44.1 | % | |||||||||
| Non-Operating Expenses (Income) |
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| Interest Expense, Net |
31,191 | 27,766 | 3,425 | 12.3 | % | |||||||||||
| Loss on Extinguishment of Debt |
4,642 | — | 4,642 | N/M | ||||||||||||
| Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability |
(3,956 | ) | (702 | ) | (3,254 | ) | 463.5 | % | ||||||||
| Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration |
1,326 | 91 | 1,235 | N/M | ||||||||||||
| Other Non-Operating Expense (Income), Net |
1,284 | (199 | ) | 1,483 | (745.2 | )% | ||||||||||
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| Total Non-Operating Expenses |
34,487 | 26,955 | 7,532 | 27.9 | % | |||||||||||
| Loss Before Income Taxes |
(65,795 | ) | (82,957 | ) | 17,162 | (20.7 | )% | |||||||||
| Income Tax Expense |
562 | 890 | (328 | ) | (36.9 | )% | ||||||||||
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| Net Loss |
$ | (66,358 | ) | $ | (83,846 | ) | 17,488 | (20.9 | )% | |||||||
| Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |
(439 | ) | (549 | ) | 110 | (20.0 | )% | |||||||||
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| Net Loss Attributable to Teamshares Inc. |
$ | (65,919 | ) | $ | (83,297 | ) | 17,378 | (20.9 | )% | |||||||
Revenue
Total revenue increased $72.9 million to $471.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $398.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily driven by acquisitions. Revenue increased $22.9 million due to businesses acquired in 2024, contributing a full year of revenue in 2025 and only a partial year of revenue in 2024. Additionally, revenue increased $79.4 million due to businesses acquired in 2025, which includes contributions of $75.4 million from businesses acquired in the first quarter and $4.0 million from businesses acquired late in the fourth quarter.
The increase in revenue from acquisitions was partially offset by the impact of operating subsidiaries that have ceased operations. During the year ended December 31, 2024, $23.3 million of revenue was contributed by operating subsidiaries that have ceased operations, including $20.4 million attributable to the ten operating subsidiaries that ceased operations during the year ended December 31, 2025 and $2.9 million attributable to the three operating subsidiaries that ceased operations during the year ended December 31, 2024. The ten operating subsidiaries that ceased operating during the year ended December 31, 2025 contributed $6.6 million of revenue to the year-ended December 31, 2025. These operating subsidiaries ceased operations based on the Company’s assessment of their business performance and outlook. Additionally, organic changes in revenue resulted in a decrease of $6.0 million primarily driven by macroeconomic conditions that resulted in softening demand for
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certain business products and services as well as strategic initiatives to improve profitability that resulted in certain operating subsidiaries discontinuing less profitable lines of business and exiting unprofitable locations.
Cost of Revenue
Total cost of revenue increased $29.2 million to $288.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $259.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The overall increase in cost of revenue was primarily driven by $52.6 million from acquisitions, partially offset by a decrease of $21.2 million from operating subsidiaries that ceased operations and a decrease of $2.2 million from organic changes. Gross margin increased by 5% to 39% for the year ended December 31, 2025 from 34% for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in gross margin was primarily driven by acquisitions, which included businesses that have historically reported higher gross margins relative to existing operating subsidiaries. Businesses acquired in 2025 and 2024 had average gross margins of 44% and 43%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2025. Additionally, gross margins benefitted from ceasing operations at certain operating subsidiaries with lower gross margins relative to existing operating subsidiaries.
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses increased $19.1 million to $214.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $195.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Total operating expenses includes depreciation, amortization, selling, general and administrative expenses, goodwill impairment and loss (gain) on disposition of assets.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $23.8 million to $191.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $167.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was driven by an increase of $22.6 million related to our operating subsidiaries. This included an increase of $38.2 million due to acquisitions that was partially offset by a decrease of $11.0 million due to ceasing operations at certain unprofitable operating subsidiaries and a decrease of $4.7 million due to strategic initiatives focused on reducing overhead at our operating subsidiaries. Selling, general and administrative expenses from our operating subsidiaries as a percentage of revenue decreased 1% to 34% for the year ended December 31, 2025 from 35% for the year ended December 31, 2024.
The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was partially offset by a decrease of $2.7 million in corporate costs (excluding transaction costs and costs directly related to the proposed Business Combination) as a result of headcount reductions in 2024 and 2025. The reductions in headcount primarily reflect efficiencies achieved through continued development and maturation of the Company’s core technology platform, which has enhanced the Company’s ability to scale operations, as well as the realignment of certain corporate functions to support evolving strategic priorities. Selling, general and administrative expenses from corporate costs (excluding transaction costs and costs directly associated with the proposed Business Combination) as a percentage of revenue decreased 1% to 6% for the year ended December 31, 2025 from 7% for the year ended December 31, 2024. Transactions costs directly attributable to acquisitions were $1.8 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which primarily related to legal, consulting, and contingent transaction fees. Costs related to the proposed Business Combination were $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, which primarily related to legal and accounting fees related to the merger agreement and regulatory matters.
Goodwill impairment increased $3.8 million to $19.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $15.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in goodwill impairment was primarily attributable to additional operating subsidiaries that ceased operations during the year ended December 31, 2025, reflecting management’s decision to exit certain businesses whose performance and outlook no longer aligned with the Company’s underwriting expectations or long-term return thresholds. The Company periodically evaluates the performance and long-term prospects of its operating subsidiaries as part of its ongoing portfolio
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management and capital allocation process. Subsidiaries may be impaired when operating performance falls below initial underwriting expectations or when management determines that capital and management resources can be more effectively deployed toward higher-return opportunities. The subsidiaries impaired during the period primarily include certain fixed-price construction businesses and smaller, subscale operations that no longer meet the Company’s underwriting criteria.
Loss (gain) on disposition of assets increased $8.1 million to a gain of $5.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 from a loss of $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The gains during the year ended December 31, 2025 were primarily driven by a $7.1 million gain on the sale and leaseback of certain real estate properties.
Non-Operating Expenses (Income)
Total non-operating expenses increased $7.5 million to $34.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $27.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Non-operating expenses include interest expense, net, loss on extinguishment of debt, change in fair value of warrant liability, change in fair value of contingent consideration and other non-operating expenses (income).
Interest expense, net increased $3.4 million to $31.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $27.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in interest expense, net is primarily attributable to higher average borrowings of $216.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to $175.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was attributable to borrowings to finance acquisitions and primarily consisted of single company term loans. The impact on interest expense from these additional borrowings was partially offset by a decrease in the weighted average interest rate to 14.8% for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to 15.5% for the year ended December 31, 2024. The weighted average interest rate decrease was driven by lower cost of debt from the increased use of single company term loans and seller notes used to finance acquisitions for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the higher costs of credit facilities that have historically been utilized to finance acquisitions.
The Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $4.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2025. The loss on extinguishment of debt was primarily driven by a $2.8 million loss on extinguishment of the Real Estate Loans that were defeased in connection with the completed sale leaseback. Additionally, loss on extinguishment of debt included $1.7 million of unamortized deferred financing costs that were expensed on the extinguishment date of the Sound Point Credit Facility during the year ended December 31, 2025.
Gains due to change in the fair value of warrants increased $3.3 million to $4.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increased gain recognized in change in fair value of warrant liability is primarily attributable to a decrease in value of the Company’s equity implied by the proposed Business Combination relative to historical equity issuances.
Other non-operating expenses (income), net increased $1.5 million to an expense of $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 from income of $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in other non-operating expenses is primarily attributable to settlement of performance and payments bonds issued by an operating subsidiary that ceased operations during the year ended December 31, 2025.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense decreased $0.3 million to $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease in income tax expense is primarily attributable to the increase in state deferred tax benefits of $0.2 million, driven by changes in the blended state income tax rate and changes in estimates upon remittance of certain filings. Additionally, there was a $0.1 million decrease in income tax expense driven by a post-acquisition increase in foreign deferred tax assets.
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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
This proxy statement/prospectus includes certain financial measures that are not prepared in accordance with GAAP. We present these non-GAAP financial measures because we believe they provide useful supplemental information for investors to evaluate our performance in the same manner as management, to facilitate period-to-period comparisons of our core operating results and to better understand underlying trends in our business. However, these non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation, as substitutes for, or superior to, the most directly comparable GAAP measures. In particular, these measures exclude significant expenses and income that are required by GAAP to be recorded in our financial statements, and other companies may define or calculate similarly titled non-GAAP measures differently, which may reduce their usefulness as comparative measures.
Management uses the non-GAAP financial measures described below, together with the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, to evaluate operating performance, establish budgets, develop short- and long-term operating plans and assess our liquidity profile. We believe these measures are helpful to investors because they provide additional perspective on the performance of our operations and the cash generation characteristics of our business, both on a reported and pro forma basis. Nevertheless, these measures have inherent limitations, including that they may exclude expenses that recur over time and may be important to understanding our GAAP results. Accordingly, you should review these measures together with our GAAP results.
| For the year ended December 31, |
||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Net Loss |
$ | (66,358 | ) | $ | (83,846 | ) | ||
| Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 3,849 | $ | (20,116 | ) | |||
| Operating EBITDA |
$ | 44,356 | $ | 22,353 | ||||
| Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 18,689 | $ | (16,141 | ) | |||
| Pro Forma Operating EBITDA |
$ | 59,196 | $ | 26,328 | ||||
| Net Cash Used in Operating Activities |
$ | (38,029 | ) | $ | (42,414 | ) | ||
| Free Cash Flow |
$ | (44,890 | ) | $ | (49,369 | ) | ||
We use Adjusted EBITDA, Operating EBITDA, Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA, Pro Forma Operating EBITDA and Free Cash Flow as described below, to facilitate analysis of our financial and business trends and for internal planning and forecasting purposes.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA represents our consolidated results for the post-acquisition period and is calculated as net income (loss) adjusted to exclude (i) interest expense, net, (ii) income tax expense (benefit), (iii) depreciation and amortization and (iv) certain non-cash items and other amounts that we do not consider indicative of our core operating performance, including share-based compensation, gains or losses on disposition of assets, impairment expense and changes in fair value of financial instruments. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful in evaluating our ability to generate earnings from our operating base and to compare our performance across periods, particularly where non-cash expenses and other items may vary in timing and amount. This measure has historically been utilized both internally and externally to assess liquidity, reinvestment capacity, and shareholder returns.
Operating EBITDA
Operating EBITDA, a non-GAAP metric, represents earnings from our operating subsidiaries and is the primary measure utilized by Teamshares’ chief operating decision maker to evaluate financial results of its operating subsidiaries. See further information regarding this measure within the “Segment Performance” section of MD&A and footnotes to our annual consolidated financial statements. Operating EBITDA includes only post-acquisition results and excludes certain non-cash expenses such as share-based compensation and gains/(losses)
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from disposition of assets. Platform-level corporate expenses that are not allocated to individual operating subsidiaries are also excluded from Operating EBITDA. These expenses that are excluded from Operating EBITDA represent normal, recurring expenses necessary to operate our business, including corporate functions that are not directly related or allocated to the operating subsidiaries. We believe Operating EBITDA is useful in evaluating earnings directly attributable from our operating subsidiaries and is one of the key inputs used to calculate the financial covenants and borrowing capacity under our primary debt instruments. Additionally, Operating EBITDA helps users of the financial statements better understand changes in the Company’s financial results due to acquisitions and organic changes in the performance of operating subsidiaries. The Company believes that presenting this measure provides investors with additional insight into the unit-level operating economics of its operating subsidiaries, which is particularly relevant given the Company’s acquisition-driven business model and because unallocated platform-level corporate expenses may or may not vary with changes in the results of our operating subsidiaries. A critical element of Teamshares’ strategy is the ability to increase earnings from operating subsidiaries at a rate in excess of corporate overhead, and the presentation of Operating EBITDA allows a reader of Teamshares’ financial statements to understand whether this trend is achieved each period. However, Operating EBITDA should not be considered a measure of consolidated operating performance or profitability and should be considered only as a supplemental measure of the operating performance of our operating subsidiaries.
Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA and Pro Forma Operating EBITDA
Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA represents Adjusted EBITDA plus the pre-acquisition results for businesses acquired during the relevant period, as if such businesses had been owned for the entirety of the period presented.
Pro Forma Operating EBITDA represents Operating EBITDA plus the pre-acquisition results for businesses acquired during the relevant period, as if such businesses had been owned for the entirety of the period presented. The adjustments related to pre-acquisition results of recently acquired companies that are used to derive this measure are consistent with Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA. This measure of segment performance is the primary measure utilized by our chief operating decision maker to evaluate financial results.
The pre-acquisition results reflect pro forma financial information prepared in accordance with ASC 805 and presented in the notes to our consolidated financial statements, adjusted to conform to the requirements of Article 11 of Regulation S-X, including the application of appropriate transaction accounting adjustments. The pre-acquisition results included in Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA and Pro Forma Operating EBITDA are sourced from the historical financial statements of the acquired businesses, adjusted to conform to GAAP. For each acquired business, we identify the applicable pre-acquisition period(s) within the fiscal year presented and extract the relevant EBITDA (or net income with reconciling adjustments) for those pre-acquisition periods. For each acquisition closed during the period, we include the portion of the fiscal year prior to the acquisition date such that, when combined with the post-acquisition period included in our consolidated results, the acquired business is reflected as if owned for the full fiscal year. For example, for a business acquired on September 1, we include pre-acquisition results for January 1 through August 31 of the applicable year.
The target’s historical financial results are subject to our pre-acquisition financial due diligence procedures, which includes an assessment of their accounting policies and practices. Additionally, thorough financial and legal diligence is performed over the historical financial results, including a quality of earnings assessment and substantive testing of transactions within the general ledger. To ensure consistency and comparability, we apply only factually supportable, policy-conforming adjustments to pre-acquisition results in order to comply with GAAP, including:
| • | Conforming classification adjustments to align with our presentation (for example, recalculating and reclassifying depreciation and amortization to match our financial statement line items and EBITDA definition). |
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| • | Removal of owner-specific, non-recurring compensation and related-party expenses that do not continue post-acquisition and for which we assume or implement arm’s-length market terms. The cost structure is then burdened with expected costs related to the placement of a president to replace the retiring owner. |
| • | Elimination of non-recurring transaction costs directly related to the acquisition. |
| • | Standardization of accounting policies where objectively determinable and factually supportable (for example, capitalization thresholds for property and equipment, classification of repairs and maintenance). We do not adjust pre-acquisition results for expected synergies, integration initiatives, or other hypothetical or forward-looking benefits. |
Our primary debt agreements define EBITDA-based covenant measures using the same definitions and adjustments as the non-GAAP measures presented herein. As a result, the Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA we present is defined consistently with the EBITDA measure used for covenant compliance under our credit agreements. We are also including this disclosure to enable public investors to understand and assess our compliance with those covenants. We may, from time to time, disclose covenant calculations as required by our agreements; such disclosures are provided for compliance assessment and transparency. In addition, including pre-acquisition results improves the alignment between income statement activity and the balance sheet, as the balance sheet fully reflects the impact of acquisition accounting while the income statement would otherwise present only a partial period of post-acquisition results. Therefore, key financial metrics such as leverage ratios would be distorted without this adjustment. Furthermore, we believe Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA enhances consistency and comparability across periods and provides a more representative view of the consolidated entity’s future earnings potential.
Free Cash Flow
Free Cash Flow represents net cash used in operating activities less capital expenditures and additions to internally developed software. We believe Free Cash Flow is useful in assessing our ability to reinvest in the business, pursue strategic transactions and return capital to investors.
Limitations of Non-GAAP Measures and Reconciliations to GAAP
Our non-GAAP financial measures have important limitations and are not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the most directly comparable GAAP measures. These measures exclude significant expenses and income that are required by GAAP to be reflected in our financial statements and, as a result, may not fully capture the costs of operating our business or the timing of related cash flows. The adjustments we make to arrive at these measures may vary from period to period and involve judgment, which reduces comparability over time and to similarly titled measures presented by other companies. Because of these and other limitations, you should consider our non-GAAP financial measures only in conjunction with, and not as superior to, our GAAP results and the reconciliations presented below.
For all periods presented, the most directly comparable GAAP measure to Adjusted EBITDA and Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA is Net Loss. The most directly comparable GAAP measure to Operating EBITDA and Pro Forma Operating EBITDA is Net Loss. The most directly comparable GAAP measure to Free Cash Flow is net cash provided by (used in) operating activities. Reconciliations of each non-GAAP measure to the most directly comparable GAAP measure are presented in the tables immediately following this discussion.
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The following table sets forth a reconciliation of Net Loss, the most comparable GAAP measure, to Adjusted EBITDA, Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA, Pro Forma Operating EBITDA, Operating EBITDA, and Free Cash Flow:
| For the year ended December 31, |
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| ($ in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Net Loss |
$ | (66,358 | ) | $ | (83,846 | ) | ||
| Interest Expense, Net |
31,191 | 27,766 | ||||||
| Income Tax Expense / (Benefit) |
562 | 890 | ||||||
| Depreciation¹ |
5,673 | 5,670 | ||||||
| Amortization |
5,907 | 5,635 | ||||||
| Goodwill Impairment |
19,412 | 15,645 | ||||||
| Share-Based Compensation |
4,270 | 5,208 | ||||||
| Non-Cash (Gains) Losses2 |
(3,249 | ) | 2,050 | |||||
| SPAC Merger Transaction Costs3 |
2,475 | 0 | ||||||
| Acquisition Costs and Other Items Affecting Comparability4 |
3,966 | 866 | ||||||
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|
|
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| Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 3,849 | $ | (20,116 | ) | |||
| Unallocated Corporate Expenses and Intersegment Eliminations5 |
40,507 | 42,469 | ||||||
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|
|
|
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| Operating EBITDA6 |
$ | 44,356 | $ | 22,353 | ||||
| Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 3,849 | $ | (20,116 | ) | |||
| Pro Forma EBITDA for Acquisitions6 |
14,840 | 3,975 | ||||||
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|
|
|
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| Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 18,689 | $ | (16,141 | ) | |||
| Operating EBITDA |
$ | 44,356 | $ | 22,353 | ||||
| Pro Forma EBITDA for Acquisitions6 |
14,840 | 3,975 | ||||||
| Pro Forma Operating EBITDA |
$ | 59,196 | $ | 26,328 | ||||
| For the year ended December 31, |
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| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Net Cash Used in Operating Activities |
$ | (38,029 | ) | $ | (42,414 | ) | ||
| Capital Expenditures |
(4,097 | ) | (3,546 | ) | ||||
| Additions to Internally Developed Software |
(2,764 | ) | (3,409 | ) | ||||
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|
|
|
|
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| Free Cash Flow |
$ | (44,890 | ) | $ | (49,369 | ) | ||
| 1. | Includes $2.6 million and $1.9 million of depreciation expense recognized in cost of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. |
| 2. | Non-Cash Gains and Losses includes Loss/(Gain) on Disposition of Assets, Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability, Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration, and Change in Fair Value of Derivatives, which is included in Other non-operating income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. These adjustments were combined into a single line item within the reconciliation due to materiality. |
| 3. | Includes costs incurred during the year-ended December 31, 2025 related to the proposed Business Combination, which primarily related to legal and accounting fees related to the merger agreement and regulatory matters. These costs did not meet the criteria for capitalization in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5.A and ASC 340-10-S99-1; however, these costs significantly impact the comparability of periods and are therefore included as an adjustment to calculate Adjusted EBITDA. |
| 4. | Includes transaction fees directly attributable to the consummation of certain acquisitions of $1.8 million and $0.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These are direct incremental costs associated with certain acquisitions and exclude any internal costs related to originations, |
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| diligence or legal activities, and recurring costs with third-parties associated with evaluating acquisitions. Additionally, this includes an adjustment of $2.1 million and $0.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, for the settlement of performance and payments bonds that were issued by an operating subsidiary that ceased operations. The type of business was unique relative to other operating subsidiaries and the Company has never incurred any other similar types of costs. These costs were included as an adjustment to calculate Adjusted EBITDA since they are not representative of ongoing operations. |
| 5. | Includes unallocated corporate and other costs not considered part of management’s evaluation of reportable segment operating performance, as well as the elimination of intercompany transactions between the Company’s reportable segments and corporate entities that are eliminated in consolidation. |
| 6. | Pro Forma EBITDA for Acquisitions represents the pre-acquisition results of operating subsidiaries acquired prior to the end of the respective periods. The amounts were derived from the pro forma financial results prepared in accordance with ASC 805 and presented within the “Business Combinations” footnote to the Company’s annual audited consolidated financial statements. The adjustments and presentation conform to the requirements of Article 11 of Regulation S-X, including the application of appropriate transaction accounting adjustments. The following table includes further financial information related to the pre-acquisition results of operating subsidiaries acquired prior to the end of the respective periods, which includes 9 and 7 companies acquired during the year-ended December 31, 2025 and 2024: |
| ($ in thousands) | December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
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| Revenue |
$ | 69,777 | $ | 22,972 | ||||
| Income from operations |
15,957 | $ | 3,428 | |||||
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| Net Income (Loss) |
$ | 10,865 | $ | 2,775 | ||||
| Interest Expense |
3,027 | 699 | ||||||
| Depreciation and Amortization |
910 | 501 | ||||||
| Loss (Gain) on Disposition of Assets |
39 | — | ||||||
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| Pro Forma EBITDA for Acquisitions |
$ | 14,840 | $ | 3,975 | ||||
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the post-acquisition results of operating subsidiaries acquired during 2025 contributed $7.1 million to Operating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the post-acquisition results of operating subsidiaries acquired during 2024 contributed $1.4 million to Operating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA.
Liquidity, Capital Resources and Going Concern
Teamshares evaluates its liquidity and capital resources in terms of its ability to meet the cash requirements of its operations, including working capital needs, capital expenditures, debt service, acquisitions and other contractual commitments, through cash flows from operations and other sources of financing. The Company’s business model was established with the expectation that substantial upfront investment and initially elevated interest costs would be necessary to build the infrastructure required to source, transition, and operate small businesses at scale. As a result, Teamshares has incurred cumulative net losses under GAAP as corporate-level expenses have historically exceeded earnings generated by its operating subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2025, we had $40.3 million of cash and cash equivalents and $13.9 million of restricted cash, including $11.7 million related to debt agreements ($6.8 million in debt service reserve accounts and $4.9 million in collection accounts) and $2.1 million related to self-insurance programs. Amounts in collection accounts in excess of current debt servicing needs are available for distribution to Teamshares.
Historically, Teamshares has funded its acquisition program through a combination of debt and equity financing. The debt financing primarily included the following:
| • | Credit Facilities—The Company’s historical debt financing has primarily consisted of diversified credit facilities including the i80 Facility, Sound Point Facility, and HBC Facility. The i80 facility provides debt |
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| financing based on the lower of (i) up to 95% of the Company’s investment in acquired businesses or (ii) 3.5x EBITDA of pledged businesses plus unrestricted cash, subject to eligibility criteria. As of December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal amount under the i80 Facility was $153.4 million; the aggregate principal amount and accrued interest (including PIK interest) under the i80 Facility comes due, if not previously repaid, refinanced or amended, on December 5, 2026. On December 24, 2025, the Company fully extinguished the Sound Point Facility with proceeds from the issuance of the HBC Facility. The HBC Facility is secured by the assets and equity interests of certain operating subsidiaries, including the equity interests previously pledged as collateral to the Sound Point facility and certain subsidiaries acquired during the fourth quarter of 2025. As of December 31, 2025, the outstanding principal amount under the HBC Facility was $30.3 million; the aggregate principal amount and accrued interest under the HBC Facility are required to be repaid in full contemporaneously with the consummation of the proposed Business Combination (if not previously repaid, refinanced or amended). The credit facilities do not require principal payments prior to maturity; however, each credit facility contains covenants that may require the loans outstanding under that facility to be repaid prior to maturity if breached. |
| • | Term Loans—The Company entered into single company term loans to finance certain acquisitions in 2025. The advance rates on acquisitions range from 35% to 67% and certain of these loans require payments related to the amortization of the principal balance prior to maturity. As of December 31, 2025, the principal amount of term loans outstanding was $61.5 million. |
| • | Seller Notes—The Company primarily began utilizing seller notes in 2023. The seller notes are issued at the parent level of Teamshares Inc. and supplement the debt financing for acquisitions from credit facilities and term loans. The principal amount of seller notes as a percentage of total purchase consideration was 15% and 18% for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The maturities range from 3 to 10 years and do not require principal payments prior to maturity. As of December 31, 2025, the principal amounts outstanding under seller notes were $29.9 million. |
The Company is actively pursuing opportunities to refinance the i80 Facility and the HBC Facility; however, any such refinancing would depend on market conditions and prospective lender perspectives on the creditworthiness of the Company. As a result, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain such financing on acceptable terms, or at all. The terms of any such refinancing could change our interest rate exposure and related sensitivity. Subject to these uncertainties, successful execution of the refinancing strategy is expected to enhance the Company’s overall liquidity profile, reduce financing costs, and strengthen its capacity to fund ongoing operations and strategic expansion initiatives. If the Company is not able to refinance the i80 Facility in the near-term, it expects to continue to fund acquisitions with a combination of single company term loans and seller notes (subject to availability of capital, taking into account the December 2026 i80 Facility repayment date).
The Company has approximately $205.8 million of debt that will mature within the 12 months following the date of our independent auditor’s report for the Company’s 2024 and 2025 financial statements (“2025 Audit Report Date”). Specifically, the i80 Facility matures on December 5, 2026, and the HBC Facility, which matures on the earliest of: (a) December 23, 2026, (b) the date on which the Business Combination is consummated, (c) in the event of a termination of the Business Combination, the date on which the Merger Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms, and (d) unless a Registration Statement on Form S-4 in connection with the Business Combination has been declared effective, the date that is 30 days prior to the Outside Date. The Outside Date is defined in the Merger Agreement as May 31, 2026, or an applicable later date if extended pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the Company has not refinanced the i80 Facility or the HBC Facility, and since both facilities will mature within a period less than twelve months after the issuance date of the accompanying consolidated financial statements, management has concluded there is substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within the 12-month period following the 2025 Audit Report Date. The Company’s existing liquidity and forecasted cash flows during such period are not sufficient to repay the Company’s existing indebtedness obligations.
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Furthermore, as there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, the Company has received a going concern qualification in connection with its audited financial statement for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 that includes an explanatory paragraph expressing substantial doubt in the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the 2025 Audit Report Date, which would result in a breach of a covenant under the i80 Facility and the HBC Facility unless waived by the respective lenders.
The Company has obtained waivers of such breaches from the lenders pursuant to the i80 Facility and the HBC Facility, in each case with respect to the covenant in connection with the going concern qualification contained in the Company’s audited financial statement for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
On November 14, 2025, we entered into the Merger Agreement with Live Oak. Teamshares management expects the cash proceeds resulting from the Business Combination (after satisfaction of the HBC Facility repayment obligation) and deployment of such proceeds into accretive acquisitions of small businesses will strengthen the Company’s credit profile and improve its ability to obtain debt financing on attractive terms (provided, however, that a significant portion, if not all, of the proceeds from the Business Combination may be required to be used to repay the Company’s obligations under the i80 Credit Facility obligations unless the i80 Credit Facility can be repaid, refinanced or its terms amended prior to December 5, 2026). The Business Combination is subject to certain approvals, regulatory review and other customary conditions, and the amount and timing of any cash proceeds that may be delivered to the Combined Company upon Closing are uncertain (including due to the unforeseeable number of Public Shares that may be redeemed at or prior to the Closing); accordingly, there can be no assurance regarding the proceeds Teamshares may ultimately receive from the Business Combination or their use (provided that the HBC Facility is required to be repaid at the Closing and provided, further, that a portion of Transaction proceeds are expected to be required to be used to satisfy unpaid Live Oak and Teamshares transaction expenses due at Closing).
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:
| For the year ended December 31, |
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| (in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Net Cash Used in Operating Activities |
$ | (38,029 | ) | $ | (42,414 | ) | ||
| Net Cash Used in Investing Activities |
$ | (57,345 | ) | $ | (38,606 | ) | ||
| Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities |
$ | 74,038 | $ | 82,926 | ||||
Operating Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2025, net cash used in operating activities decreased by $4.4 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The improvement in cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by acquisitions and improved organic performance, partially offset by higher cash interest payments and changes in working capital. The contributions from acquisitions reflects the Company’s strategy to acquire businesses with the ability to generate strong free cash flows. The improvement in organic performance was due to strategic initiatives to improve profitability including pricing reviews, labor optimization and focusing on higher margins products and services. Also, organic performance benefitted from the ceasing operations at certain underperforming operating subsidiaries. Despite the growth of the business driven by acquisitions, the Company was able to decrease corporate overhead and improve profitability through reductions in headcount by leveraging technology and refocusing its strategic priorities to achieve cost efficiencies. This was partially offset by an increase in cash interest payments of $2.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to prior year due to higher average outstanding borrowings to finance the Company’s acquisition activity. Also, changes in working capital resulted in $4.0 million of outflows for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared
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to $8.1 million of inflows for the year ended December 31, 2024. This was primarily due to the timing of receipts and payments related to certain businesses with longer cycle projects, which includes several fixed-price construction businesses that have ceased operations.
Investing Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2025, net cash used in investing activities increased by $18.7 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. Cash used for business acquisitions was $81.5 million in 2025, compared to $26.4 million in 2024, reflecting the acquisition of nine operating subsidiaries in 2025 compared to seven in the prior year. The increase in acquisition related cash outflows relative to the number of acquired businesses was primarily attributable to a larger average acquisition size in 2025, consistent with the shift in the Company’s strategy to pursue larger businesses relative to historical levels. The cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2025 was partially offset by $31.0 million of proceeds from the sale and leaseback of certain real estate properties.
Financing Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2025, net cash provided by financing activities decreased by $8.9 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. For the year ended December 31, 2025, cash provided by financing activities was $74.0 million, which consisted of $28.2 million of borrowings under credit facilities, primarily related to the HBC credit facility, the proceeds of which were used in part to repay the Sound Point credit facility, and $78.5 million of borrowings under other debt instruments, primarily single company term loans utilized to finance acquisitions. These inflows were partially offset by $27.0 million of repayments of credit facilities, including the extinguishment of the Barclays term loans, and $3.8 million of repayments of other debt instruments. The Company also received proceeds of approximately $3.0 million from the issuance of SAFE Notes and $1.4 million of net proceeds from the issuance of Series E preferred stock. Additional financing uses of cash in 2025 included $3.0 million related to acquisitions of noncontrolling interests, $1.3 million of dividends paid to noncontrolling interests, $1.4 million of debt issuance costs, and $0.5 million of contingent consideration payments related to earnouts for historical acquisitions.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, cash provided by financing activities was $82.9 million, which primarily consisted of $73.6 million of net proceeds from the issuance of preferred stock in connection with the Company’s Series E financing, $15.4 million of borrowings under the Company’s credit facilities, and $0.8 million of borrowings under other debt instruments. These inflows were partially offset by $0.5 million of repayments of other debt instruments, $3.4 million related to acquisitions of noncontrolling interests, $1.5 million of contingent consideration payments related to earnouts for historical acquisitions, and $1.4 million of dividends paid to noncontrolling interests.
Borrowings and Equity Issuances (Indebtedness)
i80 Facility. The Company maintains a senior secured credit facility with i80 Group providing $150 million of total commitments, all of which was fully drawn as of December 31, 2025 resulting in no remaining borrowing availability. Additionally, there is $3.4 million of additional principal as a result of PIK interest as of December 31, 2025. Borrowings are secured by the assets and equity of the certain operating subsidiaries pledged as collateral. The facility requires a debt service reserve account, which held $6.4 million as of December 31, 2025. Outstanding amounts bear interest at the lesser of SOFR plus 11% or 16%, with any excess accruing as PIK. The weighted-average interest rate was 15.2% for 2025. The i80 Facility matures December 5, 2026.
Covenants include maintaining minimum unrestricted and unencumbered cash of $5 million (inclusive of 50% of the debt service reserve account) and meeting minimum EBITDA and free cash flow yield thresholds for pledged businesses as well as a maximum leverage ratio. As of December 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all covenants.
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In March 2026, the Company entered into a waiver with Westmount Group LLC (formerly known as i80 Group LLC) pursuant to which Westmount Group LLC waived any event of default or breach of the i80 Facility that would otherwise arise as a result of the auditor’s report delivered in connection with the audited financial statement for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 containing a “going concern” qualification or similar language relating to substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. After giving effect to the waiver, no event of default or default was continuing under the i80 Facility. All other provisions of the i80 Facility remain in full force and effect.
Sound Point Facility. The Sound Point Facility was a senior secured term-loan facility with Sound Point Agency LLC originally providing $75 million of commitments, of which $3.7 million was drawn as of December 31, 2024. The Sound Point Facility was repaid in full in December 2025 using proceeds from the HBC Facility (described below).
HBC Credit Facility. On December 23, 2025, Teamshares and certain subsidiaries entered into a Credit Agreement with funds managed, advised, or sub-advised by JBA Asset Management LLC (as amended on March 2, 2026 and as may be further amended or supplemented from time to time, the “HBC Facility”), providing for a credit facility of up to $30.3 million with secured term loans to certain unencumbered subsidiaries. As additional consideration for entering into the HBC Facility, the Company agreed to pay HBC $1.0 million in cash, or at the Company’s election, an equivalent value of shares of common stock in the Combined Company, following the closing of the Business Combination. If the Business Combination does not close within one year of the closing date of the HBC Facility, then the $1.0 million fee must be paid in cash. Teamshares drew the entirety of the amounts available under the HBC Facility during 2025, and the proceeds were primarily utilized to fund acquisitions, repay the Sound Point Facility, and for general corporate purposes.
The HBC Facility matures on the earliest of (a) December 24, 2026, (b) the date on which the Business Combination is consummated, (c) in the event of a termination of the Business Combination, the date on which the Merger Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms, and (d) unless a Registration Statement on Form S-4 in connection with the Business Combination has been declared effective, the date that is 30 days prior to the Outside Date. The Outside Date is defined in the Merger Agreement as May 31, 2026, or an applicable later date if extended pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement. Teamshares may prepay the HBC Facility early without penalty if it completes a refinancing of its debt facilities prior to completing the Business Combination, though no assurance can be given as to whether or when any such refinancing will occur.
In March 2026, the Company entered into a waiver with HBC pursuant to which HBC waived any event of default or breach of the HBC Facility that would otherwise arise as a result of the auditor’s report delivered in connection with the audited financial statement for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 containing a “going concern” qualification or similar language relating to substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. After giving effect to the waiver, no event of default or default was continuing under the HBC Facility. All other provisions of the HBC Facility remain in full force and effect.
Seller Notes. In connection with certain acquisitions, the Company issues unsecured seller notes, which bear fixed interest between 5% and 12% and mature between 2026 and 2035. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had seller notes with principal amounts outstanding of $29.9 million and $10.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the weighted average interest rates on seller notes were 7.1% and 5.6%.
Simple Agreement for Future Equity. In connection with its interim financing activities, the Company issued the Teamshares SAFEs to the SAFE Investors for an aggregate amount of approximately $4.1 million, of which $3.0 million was issued in 2025 and $1.1 million was issued in January 2026, representing rights to receive shares of the Combined Company Common Stock upon the occurrence of specified conversion events. Upon the consummation of the Business Combination, the Teamshares SAFEs will convert into will convert into an aggregate of 486,652 shares of the Combined Company Common Stock.
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Single Company Term Loans. Teamshares’ subsidiaries also maintain several term loans with regional banks that bear interest at market-based rates ranging from 3% to 12% and contain customary financial and liquidity covenants. As of December 31, 2025, the weighted average interest rate on Single Company Term Loans was 6.8%. As of December 31, 2025 the Company had $61.5 million principal outstanding related to these instruments. There were no term loans outstanding as of December 31, 2024.
Other Debt Financing. During 2025, Teamshares Dependable Capital LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Teamshares Inc., entered into loan agreements providing net proceeds of $15.4 million and resulting in the issuance of 15,558 warrants with a strike price consistent with the Series E preferred share issuance. The loans bear interest at 12% in cash plus 6% PIK, mature on June 30, 2027, may be prepaid subject to a 3% fee.
Certain real estate holding subsidiaries of Teamshares entered into a loan agreement under which $17.7 million was outstanding as of December 31, 2024. The loans accrued interest at 7.6% per annum with a maturity date of July 6, 2028. The Company sold certain of its real estate holdings in August 2025 and extinguished the loan agreement in full.
Certain of the Company’s operating subsidiaries have various loans for vehicles and equipment used in the normal course of business. The terms are generally five to six years in length and the loans bear interest at agreed upon rates. The loans require monthly principal and interest payments to be made for each vehicle. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, there was $4.8 million and $2.6 million of vehicle and equipment loans outstanding.
Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments
The table below summarizes the maturity profile of the Company’s contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2025.
| (in thousands) | Total | Less than 1 year |
1 to 3 years |
4 to 5 years |
> 5 years | |||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt obligations |
$ | 305,964 | $ | 206,757 | $ | 33,802 | $ | 45,967 | $ | 19,439 | ||||||||||
| Capital (finance) leases |
1,809 | 604 | 897 | 308 | — | |||||||||||||||
| Operating leases |
217,894 | 19,864 | 37,522 | 33,985 | 126,524 | |||||||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities¹ |
17,485 | 11,584 | 3,860 | 1,110 | 932 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Total |
$ | 543,154 | $ | 238,808 | $ | 76,082 | $ | 81,370 | $ | 146,894 | ||||||||||
| 1. | Other long-term liabilities include: |
| • | Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest |
Certain former owners who retained approximately 10% equity interests in connection with historical acquisitions, hold put options that permit them to require Teamshares to repurchase their remaining interests in the applicable subsidiaries. Teamshares discontinued the inclusion of rollover equity as part of purchase consideration for acquisitions during 2023; therefore, the impact of rollover equity on our contractual obligations and commitments is expected to decrease in future periods as we continue to repurchase these shares. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we repurchased interests from these holders for $1.4 million and $2.3 million, respectively, under such arrangements. No additional put options become exercisable in 2026 or in subsequent periods. As of December 31, 2025, the remaining amounts owed under these arrangements totaled $2.4 million.
| • | Earnouts and Contingent Considerations |
The Company has contingent consideration liabilities related to earnout agreements in certain of its business acquisitions. The terms of the earnout agreements vary but typically consist of a payout equal to a future percentage of a financial metric (i.e., revenue or profitability measure) for
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a determined period of time. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the fair value of the contingent consideration liability related to the earnout agreements was $9.2 million and $3.7 million.
| • | Other Contractual Payments |
See Note 9, “Debt” and Note 11, “Leases” to the audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus for additional information on other contractual payments. Teamshares does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses as of and during the reporting period, respectively. Our estimates are based on historical experience, current conditions, and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our critical estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
The critical accounting estimates, assumptions, and judgments that we believe to have the most significant impact on our consolidated financial statements are described below. This discussion is provided to supplement the descriptions of our accounting policies contained in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our audited consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.
Business Combinations
The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting described in ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. In accordance with GAAP, the results of the acquisitions we have completed are reflected in our consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition forward.
We allocate the purchase consideration paid to acquire the business to the assets and liabilities acquired based on estimated fair values at the acquisition date, with the excess of purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. Fair value estimates are based on available historical information and assumptions deemed reasonable by management, but are inherently uncertain and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. Significant judgment is required to estimate the fair value of intangible assets and in assigning their respective useful lives. Intangible assets acquired in business combinations primarily consist of trade names and customer-related intangible assets. The acquired target company’s trade name represents its portfolio of marketing intangible assets. The Company values trade name intangibles using a benchmarking method. Acquired trade names are amortized over a 10 year useful life using the straight-line amortization method. Customer-related intangible assets consist of contractual and non-contractual customer relationships. The Company estimates the fair values of acquired customer-related intangible assets as of their acquisition dates using an income approach. Acquired customer-related intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line amortization method.
In certain acquisitions, consideration includes seller notes and/or contingent consideration in the form of earnout arrangements. The fair value of the seller notes and earnouts are calculated at acquisition date and included in the total purchase price. The fair value of seller notes is considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy due to pricing inputs that are less observable in the marketplace combined with management judgment required for the assumptions underlying the calculation of value. The interest rate on seller notes generally differs from current market yields, and therefore the fair value of seller notes is generally less than the face amount. Management estimates the fair value of the seller notes using a discounted cash flow analysis which includes both company specific factors and market based data.
In general, the earnout arrangements require the Company to make payments to the former owner based on the performance of the business (typically related to a percentage of revenue or a specified profitability metric)
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for a specific period of time subsequent to the acquisition. The fair value of the earnouts is measured at acquisition date and remeasured each reporting period and is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy due to the significant judgment required in determining the inputs. Management estimates the fair value of the earnouts using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The Monte Carlo simulation model uses inputs and assumptions to measure the fair value of the contingent consideration that includes metric volatility, risk-free rate, metric discount rate, and Teamshares’ discount rate. Because the calculation relies on management’s judgment and forward-looking estimates, the valuation of contingent consideration involves inherent uncertainty and can impact the Company’s results of operations and financial position.
Amounts recorded in a business combination may change during the measurement period, which is a period not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, as additional information about conditions existing at the acquisition date becomes available.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue as it transfers control of products and services to its customers in an amount reflecting the total consideration it expects to receive from the customers. The Company recognizes revenue from product sales when control of tangible products transfers to customers, which coincides with customer acceptance, product shipment, or product delivery, depending on the terms of the arrangement. Transfer of control occurs when legal title, physical possession, and the risks and rewards of ownership transfer to the customer.
The Company generally recognizes revenue from the sale of services as the services are performed over time, which corresponds with the transfer of control to the customer. The right to invoice practical expedient is utilized when the Company’s right to consideration corresponds directly with the value transferred to the customer. The Company is not required to estimate variable consideration when the right to invoice practical expedient is utilized. When the practical expedient is not available, revenue is recognized over time using a measure of progress that accurately depicts the Company’s performance in transferring control of the promised goods or services, generally with a cost-to-cost input method.
Leases
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception for arrangements with an initial term of more than 12 months and classify it as either a finance or operating lease. A right of use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability is recorded based on the present value of the Company’s estimated future minimum lease payments over the lease term. Lease terms may include options to extend when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. These judgments may produce materially different amounts of depreciation, amortization, and rent expense than would be reported if different assumed lease terms were used. If a lease does not provide enough information to determine the implicit interest rate in the agreements, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate in calculating the lease liability. The incremental borrowing rate is estimated using the borrowing rate on the Company’s debt instruments and movements in the average spread on comparable publicly traded corporate debt.
Goodwill Impairment
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of acquired tangible assets and liabilities and identifiable intangible assets. The Company assesses goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year and whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may be impaired. Impairment testing for goodwill is performed at a reporting unit level. The impairment assessment involves both qualitative and quantitative analyses and requires significant judgment and estimates regarding future performance, market conditions, and fair value.
The qualitative evaluation is an assessment of factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. The qualitative assessment of each reporting unit,
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includes review of financial performance trends, profitability relative to net assets, and operational indicators. Reporting units that exhibit sustained losses or returns below thresholds established from historical acquisition multiples undergo further review, including a turnaround analysis to assess early signs of operational recovery and a broader qualitative evaluation of internal and external factors.
For reporting units identified as potentially impaired, management performs a quantitative impairment test, comparing the estimated fair value of the unit, based on market and earnings multiple approaches, to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds fair value, an impairment charge is recognized to reduce goodwill to its implied fair value. This step requires management to make estimates about future cash flows, earnings, and market multiples, which inherently involve uncertainty and judgment.
The results of these assessments directly affect our reported financial position and results of operations. Changes in assumptions, economic conditions, or operational performance could lead to materially different impairment conclusions in future periods.
Stock-based Compensation
The Company issues stock-based awards, including stock options and restricted stock, to employees of its parent company and certain operating subsidiaries. The grant-date fair value of these awards is used to measure the cost of services received, and expense is recognized over the requisite service period.
The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, while restricted stock is valued based on the fair value of common shares on the grant date. These valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, including expected volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rates, and dividend yield. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model represent our best estimates and involve a number of variables, uncertainties and assumptions and the application of management’s judgment, as they are inherently subjective.
To estimate the value of restricted stock awards granted to employees of operating subsidiaries, the Company generally utilizes a market approach to value awards granted within a reasonable time frame from the respective acquisition date for each operating subsidiary. The Company estimates the enterprise value by calibrating to the transaction price paid by the Company. For subsequent awards granted, the Company generally considers both the market approach and the income approach in concluding on an enterprise value. The fair value of the restricted stock grant is estimated by allocating enterprise value across one or more probability-weighted scenarios with an option-pricing model used to estimate the allocation of value within at least one of these scenarios.
Income Taxes
Accounting for income taxes requires significant judgment in evaluating the realizability of deferred tax assets and in assessing uncertain tax positions. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply when such differences are realized or settled. The determination of deferred tax assets, including the need for and amount of any valuation allowance, involves significant judgment. In evaluating the realizability of deferred tax assets, we consider multiple factors, including, but not limited to, a history of losses in prior years, future reversal of existing temporary differences and tax planning strategies. Due to changes in facts and circumstances and the estimates and judgments that are involved in determining the proper valuation allowance, differences between actual future events and prior estimates and judgments could result in adjustments to this valuation allowance.
In addition, our ability to utilize certain deferred tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards and tax credits, is subject to annual limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. These limitations
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may affect the timing of when such attributes can be realized. We will continue to evaluate all available evidence and will adjust the valuation allowance in future periods if and when sufficient positive evidence exists to support the realization of deferred tax assets.
We recognize liabilities for uncertain tax positions when we conclude that it is more likely than not that a tax position will not be sustained upon examination by the relevant tax authorities. This evaluation requires management to apply judgment in assessing the technical merits of tax positions and estimating the probability and magnitude of potential outcomes.
Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market risk is the risk of economic losses due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our primary market risk has been interest rate risk.
Interest Rate Risk
Borrowings under the i80 Facility as well as certain single company term loans bear interest at floating rates and are therefore subject to interest rate risk. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the outstanding balance under the i80 Facility was $153.4 million for both periods. In addition, the Company had three single company term loans subject to variable rates with an aggregate principal balance of approximately $45.4 million as of December 31, 2025. Borrowings under these credit facilities and term loans accrue interest based on a floating benchmark rate plus an applicable spread.
Based on the outstanding variable rate borrowings as of December 31, 2025, a hypothetical 1% increase or decrease in interest rates, with all other variables held constant, would result in a change in annual interest expense of approximately $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025.
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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OF THE COMBINED COMPANY
The following summary of the material terms of the Combined Company’s securities following the Business Combination is not intended to be a complete summary of the rights and preferences of such securities. We urge you to read the Proposed Charter and Proposed Bylaws in their entirety for a complete description of the rights and preferences of Live Oak’s securities following the Business Combination. The Proposed Charter is described in “The Charter Proposal (Proposal 3),” and the full text of the Proposed Charter and Proposed Bylaws are attached as Annex C and Annex D to this proxy statement/prospectus, respectively.
General
The Current Charter authorizes the issuance of (a) 500,000,000 Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares, (b) 50,000,000 Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares, and (c) 5,000,000 Preference Shares.
Upon completion of the Business Combination, pursuant to the Proposed Charter, the authorized capital stock of the Combined Company will consist of [ ] shares, consisting of (i) [ ] shares of Combined Company Common Stock and (ii) [ ] shares of undesignated preferred stock, each having a par value of $0.0001 per share.
It is anticipated that, immediately after the Closing of the Business Combination, the Combined Company expects to have approximately [ ] shares of Combined Company Common Stock outstanding immediately after the consummation of the Business Combination, assuming no public shareholders exercise their redemption rights in connection with the Business Combination. Following consummation of the Business Combination, the Combined Company is not expected to have any preferred stock outstanding.
Except as otherwise required by the Proposed Charter, the holders of shares of Combined Company Common Stock shall vote together as a single class (or, if any holders of shares of Combined Company Preferred Stock are entitled to vote together with the holders of Combined Company Common Stock, as a single class with such holders of Combined Company Preferred Stock) on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders of the Combined Company.
Common Stock
Combined Company Common Stock
Voting rights. Each holder of record of Combined Company Common Stock, as such, shall have one vote for each share of Combined Company Common Stock that is outstanding and held by the Combined Company on all matters on which stockholders are entitled to vote generally. The holders of shares of Combined Company Common Stock do not have cumulative voting rights.
Dividend rights. Subject to applicable law and the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of Combined Company Preferred Stock or any other class or series of stock, in each case having a preference over or the right to participate with Combined Company Common Stock with respect to the payment of dividends and other distributions in cash, property or shares of stock of the Combined Company, dividends and other distributions may be declared and paid ratably on Combined Company Common Stock out of the assets of the Combined Company that are legally available for this purpose at such times and in such amounts as the Combined Company Board, in its discretion, shall determine.
The payment of future dividends on the shares of Combined Company Common Stock will depend on the financial condition of the Combined Company after the completion of the Business Combination, and subject to the discretion of the Combined Company Board. There can be no guarantee that cash dividends will be declared. The ability of the Combined Company to declare dividends may be limited by the terms and conditions of other financing and other agreements entered into by the Combined Company or any of its subsidiaries from time to time.
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Rights upon liquidation. In the event of dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Combined Company, after payment or provision for payment of the debts and other liabilities of the Combined Company and subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of Combined Company Preferred Stock or any class or series of stock having a preference over or the right to participate with Combined Company Common Stock with respect to the distribution of assets of the Combined Company upon such dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Combined Company, the holders of Combined Company Common Stock shall be entitled to receive the remaining assets of the Combined Company available for distribution to its stockholders ratably in proportion to the number of shares held by them.
Other rights. The holders of Combined Company Common Stock have no pre-emptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to Combined Company Common Stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of Combined Company Common Stock will be subject to those of the holders of any shares of Combined Company Preferred Stock that the Combined Company may issue in the future.
Teamshares Lock-Up Agreement
At the Closing, the Combined Company and the Lock-Up Holders will enter into the Teamshares Lock-Up Agreement, pursuant to which the Lock-Up Holders will agree not to, without the prior written consent of the Combined Company Board, prior to the six (6) month anniversary of the Closing Date (i) sell, pledge, grant any option to purchase or otherwise dispose of the Lock-Up Shares, (ii) enter into any swap or other transfer arrangement in respect of any Lock-Up Shares or (iii) take any action in furtherance of any of the matters described in the foregoing clauses (i) or (ii). The Teamshares Lock-Up Agreement provides for certain permitted transfers, including but not limited to, transfers to certain affiliates or family members, transfers of shares acquired on the open market after the consummation of the Business Combination, subject to certain conditions, or the exercise of certain stock options.
Combined Company Preferred Stock
The Proposed Certificate of Incorporation will authorize the Combined Company Board to establish one or more series of Combined Company Preferred Stock. Unless required by law or any stock exchange, the authorized shares of Combined Company Preferred Stock will be available for issuance without further action by the holders of Combined Company Common Stock.
The Combined Company Board has the discretion to determine the powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights, including voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences, of each series of Combined Company Preferred Stock. The issuance of Combined Company Preferred Stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of the Combined Company without further action by the stockholders. Additionally, the issuance of Combined Company Preferred Stock may adversely affect the holders of Combined Company Common Stock by restricting dividends on Combined Company Common Stock, diluting the voting power of Combined Company Common Stock or subordinating the liquidation rights of Combined Company Common Stock. As a result of these or other factors, the issuance of Combined Company Preferred Stock could have an adverse impact on the market price of the Combined Company Common Stock.
Anti-Takeover Effects of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation, the Proposed Bylaws and Certain Provisions of Delaware Law
The Proposed Charter does not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors. The Combined Company Board is empowered to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the Combined Company Board or the resignation, death, or removal of a director in certain circumstances.
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Authorized Combined Company Common Stock and Combined Company Preferred Stock are available for future issuances without stockholder approval and could be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future offerings to raise additional capital, acquisitions and employee benefit plans. The existence of authorized but unissued and unreserved Combined Company Common Stock and Combined Company Preferred Stock could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.
Exclusive Forum Provision
The Proposed Charter will provide that, unless the Combined Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, (a) the Chancery Court (or, in the event that the Chancery Court does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware or other state courts of the State of Delaware) will be the sole and exclusive forum for (1) any derivative action, suit or proceeding brought on behalf of the Combined Company, (2) any action, suit or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer of the Combined Company to the Combined Company or to the Combined Company’s stockholders, (3) any action, suit or proceeding arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or Proposed Charter or the Proposed Bylaws (as either may be amended from time to time) or (4) any action, suit or proceeding asserting a claim against the Combined Company governed by the internal affairs doctrine; and (b) subject to the provisions of the Proposed Charter, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause or causes of action arising under the Securities Act, including all causes of action asserted against any defendant to such complaint. If any action the subject matter of which is within the scope of clause (a) of the immediately preceding sentence is filed in a court other than the courts in the State of Delaware (a “Foreign Action”) in the name of any stockholder, such stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to (x) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts in the State of Delaware in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce the provisions of clause (a) of the immediately preceding sentence and (y) having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such action by service upon such stockholder’s counsel in the Foreign Action as agent for such stockholder.
Although the Combined Company believes this provision benefits the Combined Company by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law in the types of lawsuits to which it applies, a court may determine that this provision is unenforceable, and to the extent it is enforceable, the provision may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against the Combined Company’s directors and officers, although the Combined Company’s stockholders will not be deemed to have waived the Combined Company’s compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
Limitations on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors
The Proposed Charter and the Proposed Bylaws provide that the Combined Company will indemnify and hold harmless its directors, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended. In addition, the Proposed Charter provides that the Combined Company’s directors will not be personally liable to the Combined Company or its stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the DGCL as the same exists or hereafter may be amended.
The Proposed Bylaws also permit the Combined Company to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director officer, employee or agent of the Combined Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Combined Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust enterprise or non-profit entity against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the Combined Company could have the power to indemnify him or her against such liability under the provisions of the DGCL.
These provisions may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against the Combined Company’s directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of
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derivative litigation against officers and directors, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit the Combined Company and the Combined Company’s stockholders. Furthermore, a stockholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against officers and directors pursuant to these indemnification provisions.
the Combined Company believes that these provisions, the directors’ and officers’ liability insurance and the indemnity agreements are necessary to attract and retain talented and experienced officers and directors.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to the Combined Company’s directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act, and is, therefore, unenforceable.
There is currently no pending material litigation or proceeding involving any of Live Oak’s directors, officers or employees for which indemnification is sought.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The Transfer Agent and registrar for the shares of Combined Company Common Stock will be [ ].
Listing of Securities
Live Oak Ordinary Shares and Public Warrants are currently listed on the Nasdaq under the symbols “LOKV” and “LOKVW,” respectively. It is currently expected that after the Closing, the shares of Common Stock and Public Warrants of the Combined Company will be listed on the Nasdaq under the symbols “TMS” and “TMSW,” respectively.
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COMPARISON OF SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS
Companies incorporated in the Cayman Islands are governed by the Companies Act. The Companies Act differs from laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. A description of the differences between the laws of the Cayman Islands and Delaware law is set forth below. If the Business Combination is completed, Teamshares Stockholders will become shareholders of the Combined Company, and their rights will be governed by the DGCL assuming the Charter Proposal is approved by the Live Oak shareholders at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. The Proposed Charter is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex C, and the Proposed Bylaws of the Combined Company is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex D.
The table below summarizes the material differences between the current rights of Live Oak shareholders under the Companies Act and the Current Charter, and the rights of the Combined Company shareholders, post-Closing, under the DGCL, the Proposed Charter and Proposed Bylaws of the Combined Company, each as amended, as applicable, and as in effect immediately following the Business Combination.
While Live Oak believes that the summary tables cover the material differences between the rights of its shareholders prior to the Business Combination and the rights of its shareholders following the Business Combination, these summary tables may not contain all of the information that is important to you. You should carefully read this entire proxy statement/prospectus and the other documents referred to in this proxy statement/prospectus for a more complete understanding of the differences between being a shareholders of Live Oak before the Business Combination and being a shareholder of the Combined Company after the Business Combination. Live Oak has attached as Annex C to this proxy statement/prospectus a copy of the proposed Amended Charter, and attached as Annex D to this proxy statement/prospectus a copy of the form of the Combined Company Proposed Bylaws, and will send copies of the documents referred to in this proxy statement/prospectus to you upon your request. See the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” in this proxy statement/prospectus.
| Provision |
Live Oak Pre-Domestication |
Combined Company Post-Merger | ||
| Authorized Capital Stock | The Current Charter authorizes (i) 500,000,000 Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares, (ii) 50,000,000 Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares and (iii) 5,000,000 Preference Shares. | The Proposed Charter authorizes the Combined Company to issue [ ] shares of Common Stock and [ ] shares of Preferred Stock, in each case with a par value of $0.01 per share. | ||
| Increasing or Decreasing Authorized Capital Stock, Including Number of Unissued Shares of a Series of Preferred Stock | Subject to the Companies Act, under the Current Charter (subject to Article 10 (relating to the variation of rights of shares)), the Company may: (i) by Ordinary Resolution, increase its share capital by such sum as the Ordinary Resolution shall prescribe and with such rights, priorities and privileges annexed thereto, as the Company in general meeting may determine, or (ii) by Ordinary Resolution, cancel any shares that at the date of the passing of the Ordinary Resolution have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person and diminish the amount of its share capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled, or (iii) by Special Resolution, reduce its share capital or any capital redemption reserve fund. | Under Article V of the Proposed Charter, subject to the rights of any holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock, the number of authorized shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares then outstanding) by the requisite vote of the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, voting as a single class, irrespective of DGCL Section 242(b)(2). | ||
294
| Provision |
Live Oak Pre-Domestication |
Combined Company Post-Merger | ||
| Provisions Specific to a Blank Check Company | Under the Current Charter, Article 50 sets forth various provisions related to our operations as a blank check company prior to the consummation of an initial business combination. | The Proposed Charter does not include provisions specific to a blank check company. | ||
| Number of Directors | The Current Charter provides that the number of directors of Live Oak, shall be no less than one person, the directors may from time to time fix the maximum and minimum number of directors to be appointed by resolution of the Board of Directors. | Article VI of the Proposed Charter provides that the number of directors constituting the whole Board shall be fixed exclusively by one or more resolutions adopted from time to time by the Board of Directors. | ||
| Composition of the Board of Directors | Under the Current Charter, Article 30.4 sets out the composition of the Board of Directors, dividing the Board into three (3) classes, as nearly equal in number as possible and designated Class I, Class II and Class III. The Live Oak Board is authorized to assign members of the board already in office to Class I, Class II or Class III. At each succeeding annual general meeting of the shareholders of Live Oak, successors to the class of directors whose term expires at that annual general meeting shall be elected for a three-year term or until the election and qualification of their respective successors in office, subject to their earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal. | Article VI of the Proposed Charter provides that the Board is classified into three classes, designated Class I, Class II and Class III, with staggered three-year terms. The Board is authorized to designate sitting directors to classes. Each director holds office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. | ||
| Appointment of Directors | Under the Current Charter, prior to the closing of a business combination, Live Oak may by Ordinary Resolution of the holders of the Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares appoint any person to serve as a director. For the avoidance of doubt, prior to the closing of a business combination, holders of Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares shall have no right to vote on the appointment or removal of any director. | The Proposed Charter does not prescribe who may be appointed to serve as a director beyond qualifications the Board or governing documents may set. Directors need not be stockholders. | ||
| Removal of Directors | Under the Current Charter, prior to the closing of a business combination, Live Oak may by Ordinary Resolution of the holders of the Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares remove any director. For the avoidance of doubt, prior to the closing of a business combination, holders of Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares shall have no right to vote on the appointment or removal of any director. | Article VI of the Proposed Charter provides that, subject to the rights of holders of any series of Preferred Stock, the Board or any individual director may be removed only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the voting power of all outstanding shares entitled to vote at an election of directors. | ||
295
| Provision |
Live Oak Pre-Domestication |
Combined Company Post-Merger | ||
| Board of Directors Vacancies | Under the Current Charter, outside of the passing of a shareholder resolution, vacancies on the board can only be filled by vote of a majority of the remaining members of the Board. | Article VI of the Proposed Charter provides that vacancies and newly created directorships shall be filled exclusively by a majority of the directors then in office (even if less than a quorum) or by a sole remaining director (other than any directors elected by a separate vote of Preferred Stock), and not by stockholders. | ||
| Action by Written Consent | The Current Charter provides that a resolution to be passed either as an Ordinary Resolution or a Special Resolution at a general meeting, also includes a unanimous written resolution of the shareholders of the Company. | Article VII of the Proposed Charter provides that stockholder action by written consent is not permitted for common stockholders; provided that, if expressly provided in a Certificate of Designation for a series of Preferred Stock, such Preferred holders may act by written consent to the extent and in the manner set forth therein. | ||
| Calling of Special Shareholder Meetings | The Current Charter provides that the directors, the chief executive officer or the chairman of the board of directors of the Company may call general meetings, and that the shareholders shall not have the ability to call general meetings. | Article VII of the Proposed Charter provides that, subject to the special rights of holders of Preferred Stock, special meetings may be called only by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, the Chairperson, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, and not by any other person. | ||
| Indemnification | The Current Charter provides that a director or officer of Live Oak together with every former director and former officer shall to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be indemnified out of the assets of Live Oak against any liability, action, proceeding, claim, demand, costs, damages or expenses, including legal expenses, whatsoever which they or any of them may incur as a result of any act or failure to act in carrying out their functions as a director or officer, as applicable, unless such liability (if any) that they may incur arises through that person’s actual fraud, willful neglect or willful default. | Article IX of the Proposed Charter authorizes the Combined Company to provide indemnification and advancement rights. | ||
| Waiver of Jury Trial | The Current Charter does not contain a waiver of trial by jury. | The Proposed Charter does not contain a waiver of trial by jury. | ||
| Quorum | The Current Charter provides that the holders of one third of the shares being individuals present in person or by proxy or if a corporation or | The Proposed Charter does not expressly address what constitutes a | ||
296
| Provision |
Live Oak Pre-Domestication |
Combined Company Post-Merger | ||
| other non-natural person by its duly authorized representative or proxy shall be a quorum for any meeting of the shareholders. | quorum; such matters are addressed in the Proposed Bylaws. | |||
| Voting | The Current Charter provides that holders of Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares and holders of Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares will vote together as a single class on all matters (subject to the Variation of Rights of Shares Article, the Appointment and Removal of Directors Article, and the Transfer by Way of Continuation Article). Each Live Oak Ordinary Share will have one vote on all such matters. If the share capital of Live Oak is divided into different classes, the rights of such a class may not be varied except by a vote of that affected class, which shall not be less than two thirds of the votes cast at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class or by consent in writing of the holders of not less than two thirds of the issued shares of that class (other than with respect to a waiver of the provisions of the Class B Ordinary Share Conversion Article, which shall only require the consent in writing of the holders of a majority of the issued Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares). | The Proposed Charter does not expressly address stockholder voting; such matters are addressed in the Proposed Bylaws. | ||
| Stockholder Vote for Sales, Leases, Exchanges or Other Dispositions | Under Cayman Islands law, the sale, lease, exchange or other disposition of all, or substantially all, of the property and assets of a Cayman Islands exempted company is at the discretion of the board of directors of the Company (subject to any additional approvals set out in a company’s articles of association or other governance documentation (such as a shareholders’ agreement)). The Current Charter does not include any approvals relating to such disposals. | The Proposed Charter does not expressly address stockholder approval requirements for sales, leases, exchanges or other dispositions of assets; such matters are governed by applicable law. | ||
| Limitation of Liability of Directors and Officers | The Current Charter provides that a director or officer of Live Oak together with every former director and former officer shall to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be indemnified out of the assets of Live Oak against any liability, action, proceeding, claim, demand, costs, damages or expenses, including legal expenses, whatsoever which they or any of them may incur as a result of any act or failure to act in carrying out their functions as a director or officer, as applicable, unless such liability (if any) that they may incur arises | Article VIII of the Proposed Charter eliminates personal liability of directors and officers for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL. | ||
297
| Provision |
Live Oak Pre-Domestication |
Combined Company Post-Merger | ||
| through that person’s actual fraud, willful neglect or willful default. | ||||
| Corporate Opportunities | To the fullest extent allowed by law, none of the Sponsor or any individual serving as a director or officer of Live Oak shall have any duty, except and to the extent expressly assumed by contract, to refrain from engaging, directly or indirectly, in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as the Company. Live Oak renounces any expectancy that any of the directors or officers of Live Oak will offer any such corporate opportunity of which he or she may become aware to Live Oak. | The Proposed Charter does not expressly address corporate opportunities. | ||
| Interested Party Transaction Approvals | The Current Charter provides that: (1) a director may act by himself or by, through or on behalf of his firm in a professional capacity for the Company and he or his firm shall be entitled to remuneration for professional services as if he were not a director, (2) a director may be or become a director or other officer of or otherwise interested in any company promoted by the Company or in which the Company may be interested as a shareholder, a contracting party or otherwise, and no such director shall be accountable to the Company for any remuneration or other benefits received by him as a director or officer of, or from his interest in, such other company, (3) no person shall be disqualified from the office of director or prevented by such office from contracting with the Company, either as vendor, purchaser or otherwise, nor shall any such contract or any contract or transaction entered into by or on behalf of the Company in which any director shall be in any way interested be or be liable to be avoided, nor shall any director so contracting or being so interested be liable to account to the Company for any profit realized by or arising in connection with any such contract or transaction by reason of such director holding office or of the fiduciary relationship thereby established, with a director being at liberty to vote in respect of any contract or transaction in which he is interested provided that the nature of the interest of any director in any such contract or transaction shall be disclosed by him at or prior to its consideration and any vote thereon. | The Proposed Charter does not expressly address interested party transaction approvals beyond general DGCL duties and conflict-of-interest provisions. | ||
298
| Provision |
Live Oak Pre-Domestication |
Combined Company Post-Merger | ||
| A general notice that a director is a shareholder, director, officer or employee of any specified firm or company and is to be regarded as interest in any transaction with such firm or company shall be sufficient disclosure for the purposes of voting on a resolution in respect of a contract or transaction in which he has an interest, and after such general notice it shall not be necessary to give special notice relating to any particular transaction. | ||||
| Choice of Forum | The Current Charter provides that unless Live Oak consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the courts of the Cayman Islands shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any claim or dispute arising out of or in connection with the amended and restated memorandum of association of Live Oak, the amended and restated articles of association of Live Oak or otherwise related in any way to each Live Oak shareholder’s shareholding in Live Oak, including but not limited to (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of Live Oak, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of any fiduciary or other duty owed by any current or former director, officer or other employee of Live Oak to Live Oak or Live Oak’s shareholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Companies Act, the amended and restated memorandum of association or the amended and restated articles of association (in each case, of Live Oak), or (iv) any action asserting a claim against Live Oak governed by the “Internal Affairs Doctrine” (as such concept is recognized under the laws of the United States of America). | Article X of the Proposed Charter provides that, unless the Corporation consents to an alternative forum, the Delaware Court of Chancery (or, if no jurisdiction, the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware or other Delaware state courts) is the exclusive forum for internal-affairs claims; the federal district courts of the United States are the exclusive forum for Securities Act claims. | ||
| Amendment to Charter and Bylaws | The Current Charter requires a:
• Special Resolution to alter or add to the Articles or to the Memorandum with respect to any objects, powers or other matters specified therein (except that, prior to the closing of a Business Combination, a Special Resolution of the Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares is required to approve amendments to the constitutional documents of the company or to adopt new constitutional documents of the |
Article VI of the Proposed Charter authorizes the Board to adopt, amend or repeal the bylaws; any stockholder adoption, amendment or repeal of the bylaws requires the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the voting power of the then outstanding shares entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. Article XI of the Proposed Charter provides that | ||
299
| Provision |
Live Oak Pre-Domestication |
Combined Company Post-Merger | ||
| company, in each case, as a result of the company approving a transfer by way of continuation in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands);
• Amendments that would alter or change the powers, preferences or relative, participating, optional or other or special rights of the Live Oak Class B Ordinary Shares, (except where such amendment is proposed in respect of the consummation of a business combination) require a Special Resolution passed by at least 90% of the holders of the Live Oak Ordinary Shares then outstanding; |
specified articles (including Article V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X and XI) may be amended or repealed, or inconsistent provisions adopted, only by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the total voting power of all outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, in addition to any other required vote. | |||
| Pre-Suit Demand in Derivative Suits | As a general rule, a minority shareholder of a Cayman Islands exempted company cannot bring an action with respect to wrongs done to that company as this will be for the company to pursue. However, in limited circumstances, the Cayman Islands courts will permit a minority shareholder to commence a derivative action in the name of the company. These situations include (a) where there has been a wrong (such as a breach of duty) done to the company and the wrongdoer in question are in control of the company and are preventing it from acting or (b) where the act complained of is illegal or ultra vires and cannot be ratified by its members. A shareholder may have a direct right of action against the company where the individual rights personal to that shareholder have been infringed or are about to be infringed. | The Proposed Charter does not expressly address pre-suit demand or derivative procedures; such matters are governed by Delaware law. | ||
| Stock Ownership Requirement for Derivative Suits; Jury Trials | As noted above, as a general rule, an action for a wrong done to the company may not be brought by a minority shareholder of a Cayman Islands exempted company, save in very limited circumstances. However, if those circumstances exist, the person who brings those proceedings must own shares in the company. | The Proposed Charter does not expressly address stock ownership requirements for derivative standing or jury trial waivers; such matters are governed by Delaware law. | ||
| Dissent and Appraisal Rights | Under the Companies Act, save in certain limited circumstances, a shareholder of a Cayman constituent company who dissents from a merger or consolidation is entitled to payment of the fair value of their shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) upon | The Proposed Charter does not expressly address dissenters’ or appraisal rights; such rights are governed by the DGCL. | ||
300
| Provision |
Live Oak Pre-Domestication |
Combined Company Post-Merger | ||
| dissenting to the merger or consolidation, provided the dissenting shareholder complies strictly with the procedures set out in the Companies Act. The exercise of dissenter rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which they might otherwise be entitled by virtue of holding shares, save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful. No such dissent rights shall be available in respect of the shares of any class for which an open market exists on a recognized stock exchange at the expiry date of the period allowed under the Companies Act for written notice of an election to dissent. |
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BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES
The following table and accompanying footnotes set forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of (i) Live Oak, as of [ ], 2026 (the “Ownership Date”), prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, and (ii) the Combined Company, as of immediately following the completion of the Business Combination, assuming that no Public Shares are redeemed (“No Redemptions Scenario”), and, alternatively, that [ ] Public Shares are redeemed in connection with the Business Combination (“Maximum Redemptions Scenario”), with respect to:
| • | each person known by Live Oak to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the issued and outstanding Live Oak Ordinary Shares or shares of Combined Company Common Stock on the Ownership Date; |
| • | each current executive officer of Live Oak and each member of the Live Oak Board, and all such executive officers and directors as a group; and |
| • | each person who will become an executive officer or director of the Combined Company upon consummation of the transactions, and all such executive officers and directors as a group. |
Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if he, she or it possesses sole or shared voting or investment power over that security, including options and warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days. Except as described in the footnotes below and subject to applicable community property laws and similar laws, we believe that each person listed above has sole voting and investment power with respect to such shares.
Beneficial ownership of Live Oak Ordinary Shares pre-Business Combination is based on 28,750,000 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding as of [ ], 2026.
If the actual facts are different than these assumptions (which they are likely to be), the percentage ownership retained by existing shareholders of Live Oak in the Combined Company will be different.
Unless otherwise indicated, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to their beneficially owned securities.
Ownership Concentration
The Teamshares Stockholders will collectively own a majority of the outstanding Combined Company Common Stock under both the “No Redemption” and “Maximum Redemption” scenarios as further described herein. No single stockholder (including members of Teamshares’ management) is expected to individually hold a controlling interest in the Combined Company following the Closing.
For a complete list of beneficial owners of more than 5% of the outstanding Combined Company Common Stock, see “Post-Business Combination Beneficial Ownership Table of the Combined Company” elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.
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Pre-Business Combination Beneficial Ownership Table of Live Oak
| Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1) |
Number of Class A Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned |
Approximate Percentage of Outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares |
Number of Class B Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned |
Approximate Percentage of Outstanding Class B Ordinary Shares |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Before Offering |
After Offering |
Before Offering |
After Offering |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Live Oak Sponsor V, |
— | — | — | 5,750,000 | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Richard J. Hendrix |
— | — | — | 5,750,000 | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Adam J. Fishman |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ashton Hudson |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Andrea Tarbox |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| All officers and directors as a group (5 persons) |
— | — | — | 5,750,000 | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| * | Less than one percent. |
| (1) | Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each of the following is c/o Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V, 4921 William Arnold Road, Memphis, TN 38117. |
| (2) | Interests shown consist solely of founder shares, classified as Class B Ordinary Shares. Such shares will automatically convert into Live Oak Class B Common Stock pursuant to the Domestication and into Combined Company Common Stock in connection with the Closing in accordance with the Interim Charter. All Live Oak Class A Common Stock will convert into Combined Company Common Stock concurrently with or immediately following the consummation of Live Oak’s initial business combination or earlier at the option of the holder on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment. |
| (3) | The Sponsor is the record holder of such shares. Richard J. Hendrix, Live Oak’s Chief Executive Officer, is the managing member of the Sponsor and controls the management of the sponsor, including the exercise of voting and investment discretion over the securities of Live Oak held by the Sponsor. Mr. Hendrix disclaims any beneficial ownership of the securities held by the Sponsor other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest he may have therein, directly or indirectly. All of Live Oak’s officers and directors and certain of their affiliates are direct or indirect members of the Sponsor. Each such person disclaims any beneficial ownership of the reported shares other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest they may have therein, directly or indirectly. |
The following table and accompanying footnotes set forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of (i) Live Oak, as of the Ownership Date prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, and (ii) the Combined Company, as of immediately following the completion of the Business Combination, with respect to the Persons identified in the narrative disclosure preceding the tabular disclosure immediately above. The expected beneficial ownership of shares of Combined Company Common Stock immediately following completion of the Business Combination are presented assuming two scenarios:
| • | Assuming No Redemptions: This presentation assumes that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares at or prior to the consummation of the Business Combination. As the Sponsor waived its redemption rights with regard to Sponsor Shares, only redemptions by Public Shareholders are considered for purposes of this presentation. |
| • | Assuming Maximum Redemptions: In addition to the assumptions described in the “No Redemptions” scenario, this presentation assumes that 23,000,000 Public Shares are redeemed upon consummation of the Business Combination for aggregate Redemption Payments of $239.0 million, assuming a redemption price of $10.39 per share (based on $239.0 million in contained in the Trust Account as of December 31, 2025), which represents the maximum number of Public Shares that could be redeemed in connection with the Closing while still enabling the parties to satisfy the condition contained in the Merger Agreement, which is waivable by Live Oak and Teamshares, that, at the Closing, after giving effect to the completion and payment of Redemptions, Live Oak shall have gross |
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| cash or cash equivalents equaling or exceed $120.0 million, plus the aggregate proceeds from all Transaction Financings (including the Initial PIPE Investment, any Additional PIPE Investment and any Interim Period Financing), whether received by Live Oak or Teamshares. The “maximum redemption scenario” represents the maximum number of Public Shares that may be redeemed while satisfying the Minimum Cash Condition, taking into account the assumptions described above. In the event that aggregate cash and cash equivalents delivered to the Combined Company at Closing is insufficient to meet the Minimum Cash Condition, a condition to the Closing would not be met and the Business Combination may not be consummated. |
Both scenarios assume that there will be an aggregate of 28,750,000 Live Oak Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding immediately prior to the completion of the Business Combination, which shares will have been exchanged for shares of Combined Company Common Stock upon completion of the Business Combination.
Both scenarios also assume that, at the Closing, 49,461,659 shares of Combined Company Common Stock will be issued to the Teamshares Stockholders in the Merger.
Unless otherwise noted in the footnotes to the following table, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons and entities named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to their beneficially owned securities. Except as indicated in the footnotes to the table, each of the securityholders listed below has sole voting and investment power with respect to Live Oak Ordinary Shares or shares of Combined Company Common Stock owned by such shareholders.
Post-Business Combination Beneficial Ownership Table of the Combined Company
Combined Company, as of immediately following the completion of the Business Combination, with respect to the Persons identified in the narrative disclosure preceding the tabular disclosure immediately above. The expected beneficial ownership of shares of Combined Company Common Stock immediately following completion of the Business Combination are presented assuming two scenarios:
| • | Assuming No Redemptions: This presentation assumes that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares at or prior to the consummation of the Business Combination. As the Sponsor waived its redemption rights with regard to Sponsor Shares, only redemptions by Public Shareholders are considered for purposes of this presentation. |
| • | Assuming Maximum Redemptions: In addition to the assumptions described in the “No Redemptions” scenario, this presentation assumes that 23,000,000 Public Shares are redeemed upon consummation of the Business Combination for aggregate Redemption Payments of $239.0 million, assuming a redemption price of $10.39 per share based on $239.0 million contained in the Trust Account as of December 31, 2025, which represents the maximum number of Public Shares that could be redeemed in connection with the Closing while still enabling the parties to satisfy the condition contained in the Merger Agreement, which is waivable by Live Oak and Teamshares, that, at the Closing, after giving effect to the completion and payment of Redemptions, Live Oak shall have gross cash or cash equivalents equaling or exceed $120.0 million, plus the aggregate proceeds from all Transaction Financings (including the Initial PIPE Investment, any Additional PIPE Investment and any Interim Period Financing), whether received by Live Oak or Teamshares. The “maximum redemption scenario” represents the maximum number of Public Shares that may be redeemed while satisfying the Minimum Cash Condition, taking into account the assumptions described above. In the event that aggregate cash and cash equivalents delivered to the Combined Company at Closing is insufficient to meet the Minimum Cash Condition, a condition to the Closing would not be met and the Business Combination may not be consummated. |
Both scenarios assume that there will be an aggregate of 28,750,000 Live Oak Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding immediately prior to the completion of the Business Combination, which shares will have been exchanged for shares of Combined Company Common Stock upon completion of the Business Combination.
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Both scenarios also assume that, at the Closing, 49,461,659 shares of Combined Company Common Stock will be issued to the Teamshares Stockholders in the Merger.
Unless otherwise noted in the footnotes to the following table, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons and entities named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to their beneficially owned securities. Except as indicated in the footnotes to the table, each of the securityholders listed below has sole voting and investment power with respect to Live Oak Ordinary Shares or shares of Combined Company Common Stock owned by such shareholders.
| Name and Address of Beneficial Owner |
Number of Live Oak Ordinary Shares |
Assuming No Redemptions |
Assuming Maximum Redemptions |
|||||||||
| Number of Combined Company Common Shares |
Number of Combined Company Common Shares |
|||||||||||
| Directors and Officers of Combined Company After Consummation of the Business Combination |
||||||||||||
| Michael Brown |
||||||||||||
| Alex Eu |
||||||||||||
| Adam J. Fishman |
||||||||||||
| Richard J. Hendrix |
||||||||||||
| Evan Moore |
||||||||||||
| All officers and directors as a group (5 persons) |
||||||||||||
| Five Percent Holders of |
||||||||||||
| * | Less than one percent. |
| (1) | [ ]. |
| (2) | [ ]. |
| (3) | [ ]. |
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MANAGEMENT AFTER THE BUSINESS COMBINATION
Executive Officers and Directors After the Business Combination
Upon the consummation of the Business Combination, the business and affairs of the Combined Company will be managed by or under the direction of the Combined Company Board.
The following table sets forth the name, age and position of each of the expected directors and executive officers of the Combined Company upon consummation of the Business Combination:
| Name |
Age | Position | ||
| Executive Officers | ||||
| Michael Brown | 42 | Chief Executive Officer, Director | ||
| Brian Gaebe | 42 | Chief Financial Officer | ||
| Madhuri Kommareddi | 43 | Chief Operating Officer | ||
| Alex Eu | 38 | President, Director | ||
| Kevin Shiiba | 37 | Chief Technology Officer | ||
| Non-Employee Directors | ||||
| Richard J. Hendrix(1)(2)(3) | 59 | Independent Director | ||
| Adam Fishman(1)(2)(3) | 45 | Independent Director | ||
| Evan Moore(1)(3) | 41 | Independent Director |
| (1) | Member of the audit committee |
| (2) | Member of the compensation committee |
| (3) | Member of the nominating and corporate governance committee |
The officers of the Combined Company and the Combined Company Board following the Business Combination are well qualified as leaders. In their prior positions they have gained experience in core management skills, such as strategic and financial planning, financial reporting, compliance, risk management, and leadership development. Several of the Combined Company’s officers and directors following the Business Combination also have experience serving on boards of directors and board committees of other public companies and private companies, and have an understanding of corporate governance practices and trends, which provides an understanding of different business processes, challenges, and strategies. Further, certain officers and directors have other experience that makes them valuable, such as prior experience in mergers and acquisitions, in financial services, managing and investing in assets.
Live Oak believes that the above-mentioned attributes, along with the leadership skills and other experiences of the officers and board members described below, will provide the Combined Company with a diverse range of perspectives and judgment necessary to facilitate the goals of the Combined Company and be good stewards of capital.
Information regarding the executive officers and directors following the Business Combination is set forth below:
Executive Officers
For more information about the compensation of the members of the Live Oak Board and the officers of Live Oak prior to the Closing, see the section entitled “Directors, Officers, Executive Compensation and Corporate Governance of Live Oak prior to the Business Combination”. For more information about the anticipated members of the Combined Company Board and the officers of the Combined Company following the Closing, see the section entitled “The Director Election Proposal — Information about Officers, Directors and Nominees”.
Michael Brown. After Closing, Mr. Brown will serve as Chief Executive Officer and Director of the Combined Company. Michael Brown is a Co-founder and Chief Executive Officer at Teamshares, where he leads the
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company’s long-term vision and strategy, and focuses day-to-day on acquisition and capital activities. Mr. Brown began his career in finance, spending seven years combined at Perella Weinberg Partners (“PWP”), Morgan Stanley, and Bank of America, working on mergers and acquisitions, financial restructuring, and equity research. After leaving investment banking in 2013, Mr. Brown acquired and ran six small businesses alongside former PWP colleague Alex Eu, where they adapted their institutional M&A experience to the small business market, created a repeatable playbook to transition businesses from retiring founders, and learned about the win-win nature of employee stock ownership from a major customer. In 2019, Mr. Brown and Alex Eu co-founded Teamshares with another PWP colleague, Kevin Shiiba. Mr. Brown is Canadian, originally from Victoria, BC, and grew up as an expat in Singapore and Saudi Arabia before his family settled in Southern California. He is a graduate of UCLA, where Michael studied economics and political science, and lives in New York City.
Brian Gaebe. After Closing, Mr. Gaebe will serve as Chief Financial Officer of the Combined Company. Brian Gaebe is the Chief Financial Officer at Teamshares, having joined the company in March, 2021. As Chief Financial Officer, he oversees the corporate accounting, financial reporting, finance integrations, financial systems, the tax and valuation teams, and is heavily involved in capital activities. Prior to joining Teamshares, he served as a financial executive at publicly traded and privately held energy companies. During his tenure, he focused on the generation and evaluation of investment opportunities, as well as all aspects of accounting and treasury. Mr. Gaebe started his career in the audit and risk advisory practice of KPMG. Mr. Gaebe is a graduate of Southern Methodist University with BBA and MSA (Master of Science in Accounting) degrees. He is a certified public accountant in the state of Texas. He lives in Dallas, Texas.
Madhuri Kommareddi. After Closing, Ms. Kommareddi will serve as Chief Operating Officer of the Combined Company. Madhuri Kommareddi is the Chief Operating Officer at Teamshares, having joined the company in March 2021. Ms. Kommareddi leads operations alongside President, Alex Eu. Previously, Ms. Kommareddi held leadership roles in the public and private sectors, including Director of Workforce Development for New York State from April 2019 to February 2021, various roles from May 2015 to April 2019, including Director and Head of Credit Investor Relations & Product Management at BlackRock, and Director for International Economic Affairs at the White House National Security Council and National Economic Council from August 2009 to August 2010. A graduate of Yale Law School, where she served on the Yale Law Journal, and Northwestern University, Ms. Kommareddi has contributed to two of President Obama’s New York Times-bestselling books, “Change We Can Believe In” and “The Audacity of Hope.” Ms. Kommareddi lives in New York City.
Alex Eu. After Closing, Mr. Eu will serve as President and Director of the Combined Company. Alex Eu is a Co-founder and President at Teamshares, where he leads operations in close partnership with the company’s Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer. Prior to co-founding Teamshares, Mr. Eu acquired and operated six small businesses alongside Michael Brown. Earlier in his career, he was an early member of the investment team at The Chernin Group from July 2013 to August 2014, focusing on investments and operations in online media businesses, and a member of the advisory team at PWP from July 2011 to August 2013. Born in Singapore, Mr. Eu served as a platoon sergeant in the Singapore Armed Forces. He is a graduate of the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University and lives in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Kevin Shiiba. After Closing, Mr. Shiiba will serve as Chief Technology Officer of the Combined Company. Kevin Shiiba is the Chief Technology Officer at Teamshares, where he oversees technology and AI strategy as well as product development. Mr. Shiiba began his career in finance at PWP, working alongside future co-founders Michael Brown and Alex Eu on the M&A advisory team. He transitioned to technology as a Product Manager at General Assembly from May 2012 to February 2016, and later served as a Senior Engineer and Product Strategist at Reaktor from September 2016 to January 2018. In 2018, Mr. Shiiba joined Michael and Alex to build what became Teamshares in 2019. Mr. Shiiba graduated from the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University and lives in New York City.
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Non-Employee Directors
Richard J. Hendrix. After Closing, Mr. Hendrix will serve as Director of the Combined Company. Richard Hendrix is currently the founder and Managing Partner of Live Oak. Founded in 2019, Live Oak is a merchant banking firm specializing in Principal Investments, SPAC Sponsorship, and Corporate Advisory. Live Oak partners with founders, sponsors, and management teams to assist companies with growth strategies and access to efficient sources of capital. Over the course of his career, Mr. Hendrix has worked extensively with issuers and investors focused on companies in the financial services, real estate, energy, industrial, and business and consumer services sectors. He has led dozens of initial equity offerings, raising funds for founder-led and sponsor-backed companies. Additionally, Mr. Hendrix has considerable experience advising chief executives, boards of directors, and large shareholders regarding corporate strategy, capital structure, and capital access. Mr. Hendrix has served as the Chief Executive Officer of four Live Oak-sponsored SPACs, including vehicles that merged with Danimer Scientific (NYSE: DNMR) and Navitas Semiconductor (NASDAQ: NVTS), as further discussed below. Mr. Hendrix currently serves as the Chair of the Board of Navitas. Mr. Hendrix has significant leadership experience in the financial industry. Prior to founding Live Oak, Mr. Hendrix served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of FBR & Co., or FBR (formerly NASDAQ: FBRC), a middle-market focused investment banking and brokerage firm. He assumed that role in January 2009, and subsequently oversaw 12 strategic transactions, including six acquisitions. Under his leadership, FBR ultimately executed a merger with B. Riley Financial, Inc. (NASDAQ: RILY) in 2017. Following the merger, Mr. Hendrix served as director of B. Riley Financial. Prior to serving as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of FBR, Mr. Hendrix was President and Chief Operating Officer for FBR’s parent company, Arlington Asset Investment Corp. (former NYSE: AAIC), where he managed day-to-day operations for the firm, as well as served as its Chief Investment Officer. He oversaw both FBR’s carveout from AAIC and its subsequent IPO as an independent company. Prior to his roles as President and then Chief Executive Officer, he was Head of Investment Banking, and prior to that role headed FBR’s real estate and industrials investment banking groups. Over his tenure, he helped to grow FBR into a leading bookrunner for initial common stock offerings for middle market U.S. companies. Prior to FBR, Mr. Hendrix was a Managing Director in PNC Capital Markets’ investment banking group and headed PNC’s asset-backed securities business. Mr. Hendrix is an Operating Executive at Crestview Partners, a middle-market focused private equity firm. He is also the Founder and Chief Executive Officer of RJH Management Co, a privately held investment management business. Mr. Hendrix graduated from Miami University with a BS in Finance.
Adam Fishman. After Closing, Mr. Fishman will serve as Director of the Combined Company. Adam Fishman is the Chief Financial Officer and a Director of Live Oak since inception, and is currently a Managing Partner at Live Oak, where he has served as an executive officer of three Live Oak-sponsored SPACs starting with Live Oak Acquisition Corp. II. Mr. Fishman joined the firm from Jefferies LLC, where he was a Managing Director from February 2018 to November 2020 and started the firm’s Permanent Capital Group. Mr. Fishman originated and executed SPAC transactions, including initial public offerings, assisting management in evaluating targets for merger consideration, and structuring and executing PIPE investments to support mergers. He was also responsible for originating and marketing pre-IPO private placements for companies across all industries. Prior to joining Jefferies, Mr. Fishman was an Executive Vice President and Head of Institutional Brokerage at FBR (formerly NASDAQ: FBRC), a middle market focused investment banking and brokerage firm. At FBR, he led the collective Research, Sales and Trading organizations. Mr. Fishman was responsible for relationship management for a broad range of investors such as Mutual Funds, Hedge Funds, Alternative Asset Managers, Pensions, Endowments, Insurance and Family Offices. During his tenure, FBR was a top 3 lead-left bookrunner for initial common stock offerings for small and mid-cap companies, including late-stage private placements executed under Rule 144A and IPOs. Mr. Fishman also served on FBR’s Commitment Committee, where he was responsible for analyzing, structuring and selling all public and private investment offerings, and was a Named Executive Officer for FBR. As a member of the firm’s Executive Committee, Mr. Fishman was a key contributor to the firm’s strategic vision and execution, including evaluating and executing numerous corporate acquisitions, divestments and partnerships. Mr. Fishman began his career as an Associate Director in the New York office of CIBC World Markets. He graduated from Brandeis University with a B.A in Sociology, cum laude.
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Evan Moore. After Closing, Mr. Moore will serve as a Director of the Combined Company. Evan Moore was formerly a Partner at Khosla Ventures, a venture capital firm, and has served on the board of directors of Teamshares since March 2021. Prior to joining Khosla Ventures, Mr. Moore served as Vice President of Product at Opendoor Labs, Inc., a real estate technology company, from 2014 to 2018. Earlier in his career, he was a Co-founder of DoorDash, Inc. from 2013 to 2014. Mr. Moore holds an M.B.A. from Stanford University and a B.F.A. in Music from New York University and resides in Chicago, Illinois.
Board Composition
Effective upon the Closing, the Combined Company Board will consist of five directors, at least three of whom will be required to qualify as an independent director under Nasdaq rules. The Combined Company Board will serve staggered terms divided into three classes, Class I, Class II and Class III, with members of each class serving staggered three (3)-year terms. The term of the initial Class I members of the Combined Company Board shall expire at the first annual meeting of the stockholders of SPAC following the Closing, the term of the initial Class II members of the Combined Company Board shall expire at the second annual meeting of the stockholders of SPAC following the Closing and the term of the initial Class III member of the Combined Company Board shall expire at the third annual meeting of the stockholders of SPAC following Closing.
When considering whether directors and director nominees have the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills, taken as a whole, to enable the Combined Company Board to satisfy its oversight responsibilities effectively in light of its business and structure, the Combined Company Board expects to focus primarily on each person’s background and experience as reflected in the information discussed in each of the directors’ individual biographies set forth above in order to provide an appropriate mix of experience and skills relevant to the size and nature of its business.
Director Independence
Under the Nasdaq rules, a director is not independent unless the Board of Directors affirmatively determines that s/he does not have a direct or indirect material relationship with the Combined Company or any of its subsidiaries. In addition, the director must not be precluded from qualifying as independent under the per se bars set forth by the Nasdaq rules.
The Combined Company Board will undertake a review of its composition, the composition of its committees and the independence of its directors and consider whether any director has a material relationship with the Combined Company that could compromise his or her ability to exercise independent judgment in carrying out his or her responsibilities. Based upon information requested from and provided by each director concerning his or her background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships, the Combined Company Board is expected to determine that Richard Hendrix, Adam Fishman and Evan Moore of the Combined Company’s directors, do not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director and that each of these directors qualifies as “independent” as that term is defined under the Nasdaq rules. In making these determinations, the Combined Company Board will consider the relationships that each non-employee director has with the Combined Company and all other facts and circumstances the Combined Company Board deemed relevant in determining their independence, including the director’s beneficial ownership of the Combined Company Common Stock.
Board Committees
The Combined Company Board will direct the management of its business and affairs, as provided by Delaware law, and will conduct its business through meetings of the board of directors and standing committees. The Combined Company will have a standing audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee, each of which will operate under a written charter.
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In addition, from time to time, special committees may be established under the direction of the Combined Company Board when the Combined Company Board deems it necessary or advisable to address specific issues. Following the Business Combination, current copies of the Combined Company’s committee charters will be posted on its website, www.teamshares.com, as required by applicable SEC and the Nasdaq rules. The information on or available through any of such website is not deemed incorporated in this proxy statement/prospectus and does not form part of this proxy statement/prospectus.
Audit Committee
Upon the consummation of the Business Combination, it is anticipated that the Combined Company’s audit committee will consist of Richard Hendrix, Adam Fishman (Chair) and Evan Moore. Prior to the Closing, the Combined Company Board will have determined that each of Mr. Hendrix and Mr. Fishman meets the independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and each of the individuals meets the applicable listing standards of the Nasdaq and that Mr. Fishman qualifies as an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of SEC regulations and meets the financial sophistication requirements of the Nasdaq rules. Each member of the Combined Company’s audit committee will meet the requirements for financial literacy under the applicable Nasdaq rules. In making this determination, the Combined Company Board will examine each audit committee member’s formal education and previous and current experience in financial and accounting roles.
The primary purpose of the audit committee is to discharge the responsibilities of the Combined Company Board with respect to the Combined Company’s accounting, financial, and other reporting and internal control practices and to oversee its independent registered accounting firm. Specific responsibilities of the audit committee are expected to include, among other things:
| • | appointing, compensating, retaining, evaluating, terminating and overseeing the Combined Company’s independent registered public accounting firm; |
| • | discussing with the Combined Company’s independent registered public accounting firm their independence from management; |
| • | reviewing with the Combined Company’s independent registered public accounting firm the scope and results of their audit; |
| • | setting the compensation of the independent auditor; |
| • | pre-approving all audit and permissible non-audit services to be performed by the Combined Company’s independent registered public accounting firm; |
| • | overseeing the financial reporting process and discussing with management and the Combined Company’s independent registered public accounting firm the interim and annual financial statements that the Combined Company files with the SEC; |
| • | reviewing and monitoring the Combined Company’s accounting principles, accounting policies, financial and accounting controls and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; |
| • | establishing policies regarding the hiring of employees or former employees of the independent auditor; |
| • | preparing the audit committee report required by SEC rules; |
| • | discussing generally the type and presentation of information to be disclosed in the Combined Company’s earnings press releases; |
| • | reviewing and discussing the Combined Company’s management and independent auditor the Combined Company’s quarterly financial statements; |
| • | coordinating the Combined Company Board’s oversight of the Combined Company’s internal control over financial reporting, disclosure controls and procedures and code of business conduct and ethics; |
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| • | coordinating the Combined Company Board’s oversight of the performance of the Combined Company’s internal audit function; |
| • | discussing the Combined Company’s policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management, including guidelines and policies to govern the process by which the Combined Company’s exposure to risk is handled; |
| • | reviewing and discussing with management the Combined Company’s major risk exposures, including financial, operational, privacy and cybersecurity, competition, legal, regulatory, compliance and reputational risks, and the steps the Combined Company takes to prevent, detect, monitor and actively manage such exposures; |
| • | establishing policies regarding the hiring of employees or former employees of the independent auditor; |
| • | establishing procedures for (i) the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Combined Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters; and (ii) the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of the Combined Company of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters; |
| • | reviewing the Combined Company’s policies and procedures for reviewing and approving “related party transactions”; |
| • | discussing with the Combined Company’s General Counsel (i) any legal matters that may have a material impact on the Combined Company’s financial statements, accounting policies, compliance with applicable laws and regulations and (ii) any material reports, notices or inquiries received from regulators or governmental agencies; and |
| • | reviewing and approving the Combined Company’s entry into swaps and adopting and reviewing annually a policy related to the Combined Company’s use of non-financial end-user exception, to the extent applicable. |
The composition and function of the audit committee will comply with applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, SEC rules and regulations and Nasdaq listing rules. The Combined Company intends to add an additional independent director to its board prior to the first anniversary of the Closing pursuant to Nasdaq listing rules.
Compensation Committee
Our compensation committee will be responsible for, among other things:
| • | reviewing and approving or recommending that the Board approve the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers; |
| • | reviewing and setting or making recommendations to the Combined Company’s Board regarding the compensation of our other executive officers; |
| • | reviewing and making recommendations to the Combined Company’s Board regarding director compensation; |
| • | reviewing and approving or making recommendations to the Combined Company’s Board regarding our compensation and equity-based plans and |
| • | appointing and overseeing any compensation consultants. |
Our compensation committee is expected to consist of Richard Hendrix and Adam Fishman. The Combined Company’s Board expects to determine that both individuals qualify as “independent” “ under Nasdaq’s additional standards applicable to compensation committee members and each member of the compensation committee is a “non-employee director” as defined in Section 16b-3 of the Exchange Act.
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Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Upon the consummation of the Business Combination, it is anticipated that the Combined Company’s nominating and corporate governance committee will consist of Richard Hendrix, Adam Fishman and Evan Moore. Prior to the Closing, the Combined Company Board will have determined that each of such directors is “independent” as defined under the applicable listing standards of NYSE or Nasdaq. The nominating and corporate governance committee’s responsibilities are expected to include, among other things:
| • | identifying individuals qualified to become members of the Combined Company Board, consistent with criteria approved by the Combined Company Board; |
| • | recommending to the Combined Company Board the nominees for election to the Combined Company Board at annual meetings of the Combined Company’s shareholders; |
| • | approving the criteria for selecting nominees for directors to the Combined Company; |
| • | retaining and terminating any search firm to be used to identify director nominees, including authority to approve search firm’s fees and other retention terms; |
| • | reviewing the composition of each committee of the Combined Company Board and making recommendations to the Combined Company Board for changes or rotation of committee members, the creation of additional committees and changes to committee charters; |
| • | developing and recommending to the Combined Company Board a set of corporate governance guidelines; |
| • | reviewing the Combined Company Board’s leadership structure; |
| • | overseeing an evaluation of the Combined Company Board and its committees; and |
| • | overseeing a review of the Combined Company Board on succession planning for executive officers. |
The composition and function of the nominating and corporate governance committee will comply with all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, SEC rules and regulations and Nasdaq listing rules.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of the intended members of the Combined Company’s compensation committee has ever been an executive officer or employee of the Combined Company. None of the Combined Company’s intended executive officers currently serve, or have served during the last completed fiscal year, on the compensation committee or board of directors of any other entity that has one or more executive officers that will serve as a member of the Combined Company Board or compensation committee.
Role of the Combined Company Board in Risk Oversight/Risk Committee
Upon the consummation of Business Combination, one of the key functions of the Combined Company Board will be informed oversight of the Combined Company’s risk management process. The Combined Company Board does not anticipate having a standing risk management committee but rather anticipates administering this oversight function directly through the Combined Company Board as a whole, as well as through various standing committees of the Combined Company Board that address risks inherent in their respective areas of oversight. For example, the Combined Company Board audit committee will be responsible for overseeing the management of risks associated with the Combined Company’s financial reporting, operational, privacy and cybersecurity, competition, legal, regulatory, compliance and reputational matters; and the Combined Company’s compensation committee will oversee the management of risks associated with our compensation policies and programs.
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Oversight of Cybersecurity Risks
The Combined Company will face a number of risks, including cybersecurity risks and those other risks described under the section entitled “Risk Factors” included in this proxy statement/prospectus. The audit committee will be responsible for overseeing the steps management has taken with respect to cybersecurity risk exposure. As part of this oversight, the audit committee will receive regular reports from management of the Combined Company on cybersecurity risk exposure and the actions management has taken to limit, monitor or control such exposures at its regularly scheduled meetings. Management will work with third-party service providers to maintain appropriate controls. We believe this division of responsibilities is the most effective approach for addressing the Combined Company’s cybersecurity risks and that the Combined Company Board leadership structure supports this approach.
Limitation on Liability and Indemnification of Directors and Officers
The Proposed Charter, which will be effective upon consummation of the Business Combination, contains provisions that, to the fullest extent permitted by DGCL law, eliminate the personal liability of the Combined Company’s directors and, to the extent the DGCL is amended to provide for such, certain officers for monetary damages resulting from breaches of certain fiduciary duties as a director or officer. The Proposed Charter and the Combined Company’s bylaws require the Combined Company to indemnify and advance expenses to, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, its directors, officers and agents. The Combined Company plans to maintain a directors’ and officers’ insurance policy pursuant to which the Combined Company’s directors and officers are insured against liability for actions taken in their capacities as directors and officers. Finally, the Proposed Charter and the Combined Company’s bylaws prohibit any retroactive changes to the rights or protections or increasing the liability of any director or officer in effect at the time of the alleged occurrence of any act or omission to act giving rise to liability or indemnification.
In addition, the Combined Company will enter into separate indemnification agreements with the Combined Company’s directors, officers, and certain employees containing provisions which are in some respects broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained in the DGCL. These agreements, among other things, require the Combined Company to indemnify its directors and officers for certain expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by a director or officer in any action or proceeding arising out of their services as one of the Combined Company’s directors or officers or any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at the Combined Company’s request.
We believe these provisions in the Proposed Charter and the Combined Company’s bylaws are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers for the Combined Company following the completion of the Business Combination.
Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct
The Combined Company Board will adopt Corporate Governance Guidelines that address items such as the qualifications and responsibilities of its directors and director candidates and corporate governance policies and standards applicable. In addition, the Combined Company Board will adopt a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of its employees, officers and directors, including its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other executive and senior financial officers. The full text of the Combined Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines and its Code of Business Conduct and Ethics will be posted on the Corporate Governance portion of the Combined Company’s website at www.teamshares.com. Information contained on or accessible through the Combined Company’s website is not a part of this proxy statement/prospectus, and the inclusion of the Combined Company’s website address in this proxy statement/prospectus is an inactive textual reference only. The Combined Company intends to make any legally required disclosures regarding amendments to, or waivers of, provisions of its code of ethics on its website rather than by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K.
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION OF TEAMSHARES
In this section, “we,” “us” and “our” generally refer to the Company in the present tense or the Combined Company from and after the Business Combination.
Executive Compensation
This section discusses the material components of the executive compensation program for our executive officers who are named in the “2025 Summary Compensation Table” below. In 2025, our “named executive officers” and their positions were as follows:
| • | Michael Brown, Founder and Chief Executive Officer; |
| • | Brian Gaebe, Chief Financial Officer; and |
| • | Madhuri Kommareddi, Chief Operating Officer. |
This discussion may contain forward-looking statements that are based on our current plans, considerations, expectations and determinations regarding future compensation programs. Actual compensation programs that we adopt following the Business Combination may differ materially from the currently planned programs summarized in this discussion.
2025 Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation of our named executive officers for the year ended December 31, 2025.
| Name and Principal Position |
Year | Salary ($) |
Option Awards ($)(1) |
Total ($) |
||||||||||||
| Michael Brown |
2025 | 90,053 | 260,673 | 350,726 | ||||||||||||
| Brian Gaebe |
2025 | 405,151 | — | 405,151 | ||||||||||||
| Madhuri Kommareddi |
2025 | 397,061 | — | 397,061 | ||||||||||||
| (1) | Amounts reflect the full grant-date fair value of Company Options granted during 2025 computed in accordance with ASC Topic 718, rather than the amounts paid to or realized by the named executive officer. We provide information regarding the assumptions used to calculate the value of all Company Options made to executive officers in 2025 in Note 10 to Teamshares’ audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2025. |
Narrative to Summary Compensation Table
2025 Base Salaries
The named executive officers receive a base salary to compensate them for services rendered to the Company. The base salary payable to each named executive officer is intended to provide a fixed component of compensation reflecting the executive’s skill set, experience, role and responsibilities.
The 2025 annual base salaries for our named executive officers as of December 31, 2025 were $200,000 for Mr. Brown and $400,000 for each of Mr. Gaebe and Ms. Kommareddi. The “Salary” column of the 2025 Summary Compensation Table above shows the actual base salaries earned by each named executive officer in 2025.
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Equity Compensation
2020 Equity Incentive Plan
We currently maintain the Teamshares Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) in order to provide additional incentive to our service providers and promote the success of our business. We historically have offered awards in the form of Company Options to eligible service providers, including our named executive officers, pursuant to the 2020 Plan. Company Options typically vest and become exercisable over four years, with grants generally vesting as to 25% of the underlying shares on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and in equal monthly installments over the following three years, subject to the grantee’s continued employment through the applicable vesting date. The Company Options generally will vest in full upon a named executive officer’s termination of employment other than for cause or due to his or her death or disability within the 12-month period following a change in control. For additional information about the 2020 Plan, please see the section titled “—2020 Plan” below. As mentioned below, in connection with the completion of the Business Combination and the adoption of the Incentive Plan, no further awards will be granted under the 2020 Plan.
The following table sets forth the Company Options granted to our named executive officers during 2025.
| Named Executive Officer |
2025 Options Granted | |||
| Michael Brown |
20,355 | |||
| Brian Gaebe |
— | |||
| Madhuri Kommareddi |
— | |||
2026 Incentive Award Plan
In connection with the Business Combination, Live Oak’s board of directors intends to adopt, and its shareholders will be asked to approve, the 2026 Incentive Award Plan, referred to in this proxy statement/prospectus as the Incentive Plan, in order to facilitate the grant of cash and equity incentives to directors, employees (including our named executive officers) and consultants of the Company and certain of our affiliates and to enable us to obtain and retain services of these individuals, which is essential to our long-term success. The Incentive Plan will become effective on the date on which it is approved by Live Oak’s shareholders. For additional information about the Incentive Plan, please see “The Incentive Plan Proposal” in this proxy statement/prospectus.
Other Elements of Compensation
Health and Welfare Benefits
In 2025, the named executive officers also participated in standard health and welfare plans maintained by the Company including medical, dental and vision benefits; short-term and long-term disability insurance; life insurance; and an employee assistance plan.
No Tax Gross-Ups
We do not make gross-up payments to cover our named executive officers’ personal income taxes that may pertain to any of the compensation paid or provided by the Company.
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Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
The following table summarizes the number of shares of the Company’s common stock underlying outstanding Company Options held by each named executive officer as of December 31, 2025.
| Option Awards | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name |
Grant Date |
Vesting Commencement Date |
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Exercisable |
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Unexercisable (1) |
Option Exercise Price |
Option Expiration Date |
||||||||||||||||||
| Michael Brown |
11/7/2025 | 9/1/2025 | — | 20,355 | $ | 29.06 | 11/6/2035 | |||||||||||||||||
| Brian Gaebe |
6/1/2021 | 2/28/2021 | 25,000 | — | $ | 3.45 | 6/1/2031 | |||||||||||||||||
| 8/30/2022 | 8/29/2022 | 4,375 | 625 | $ | 17.69 | 8/29/2032 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 12/8/2023 | 11/1/2023 | 11,666 | 8,334 | $ | 34.70 | 12/7/2033 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Madhuri Kommareddi |
6/1/2021 | 3/22/2021 | 16,458 | — | $ | 3.45 | 6/1/2031 | |||||||||||||||||
| 6/1/2021 | 5/3/2021 | 3,542 | — | $ | 3.45 | 6/1/2031 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1/14/2022 | 1/1/2022 | 10,000 | 0 | $ | 17.69 | 1/13/2032 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 8/21/2023 | 8/1/2023 | 12,916 | 7,084 | $ | 31.62 | 8/20/2033 | ||||||||||||||||||
| (1) | Each Company Option vests and becomes exercisable as to 25% of the underlying shares on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date and in equal monthly installments over the following three years, subject to the named executive officer’s continued employment through the applicable vesting date. |
For a description of the treatment of outstanding Company Options in connection with the Business Combination, please see the section entitled, “Interests of Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination,” below.
Executive Compensation Arrangements
Certain of our named executive officers are party to offer letters with the Company that provide for at-will employment that will continue until terminated at any time by either party. Pursuant to their offer letters, such executive officers are eligible to participate in the benefit plan and programs maintained by us for the benefit of our employees. None of the offer letters provide for severance payments on termination of employment.
Certain of our named executive officers also entered into the Company’s standard form of non-disclosure and non-solicitation agreement.
Director Compensation
In 2025, we did not pay any cash retainers or fees or grant any equity incentive plan awards to our non-employee directors for their service on our board. In addition, our executives who served as directors in 2025 did not receive any additional compensation for services as directors. As of December 31, 2025, none of our non-employee directors held any outstanding Teamshares equity incentive plan awards.
In connection with the Business Combination, we intend to approve and implement a compensation program for our non-employee directors that consists of annual retainer fees and long-term equity awards.
Equity Incentive Plan
2020 Plan
We maintain the 2020 Plan. The material terms of the 2020 Plan are summarized below.
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Termination
Following the effectiveness of the Incentive Plan, the 2020 Plan will terminate, and we will not make any further awards under the 2020 Plan. However, any outstanding awards granted under the 2020 Plan will remain outstanding, subject to the terms of the 2020 Plan and applicable award agreements. Shares of our common stock subject to awards granted under the 2020 Plan that expire unexercised or are cancelled, terminated, or forfeited in any manner without issuance of shares thereunder following the effective date of the Incentive Plan will not become available for issuance under the Incentive Plan.
Eligibility and Administration
Our employees, consultants, and non-employee directors are eligible to receive awards under the 2020 Plan, subject to the limitations described therein. The 2020 Plan is administered by our board of directors, which may delegate its duties and responsibilities as it deems appropriate. The plan administrator has the authority to determine who will be granted awards, what type of awards will be granted and in what amount, when and how awards will be granted, the provisions of each award, and the fair market value applicable to an award; to construe and interpret the 2020 Plan and establish, amend and revoke rules and regulations relating to the 2020 Plan; to prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the 2020 Plan, including rules and regulations relating to sub-plans established for non-U.S. participation in the 2020 Plan; to modify or amend an award; to determine the manner in which participants may satisfy tax withholding obligations; accelerate the vesting or exercisability of any award; to allow participants to defer the receipt of the payment of cash or the delivery of shares that otherwise would be due to a participant under an award; to approve forms of award agreements for use under the 2020 Plan; and to make all other determinations and take all other actions it deems necessary or expedient to promote the best interests of our company and that are not in conflict with the terms of the 2020 Plan.
Limitations on Awards and Shares Available
An aggregate of 1,643,244 shares of our common stock have been authorized for issuance under the 2020 Plan. The shares of our common stock issued under the 2020 Plan may consist in whole or in part of authorized but unissued shares or reacquired shares. In the event that an outstanding award expires or is cancelled for any reason, or if shares subject to an award are withheld to satisfy exercise or purchase price or tax withholding obligations, then the shares allocable to the unexercised or otherwise canceled portion of such award, or the shares withheld to satisfy the exercise or purchase price or tax withholding obligation, are currently added back to the common stock available for issuance under the 2020 Plan.
Awards
The 2020 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock and restricted stock units. All outstanding awards under the 2020 Plan are set forth in award agreements, which detail the terms and conditions of the awards, including any applicable vesting and payment terms and post-termination exercise limitations. A brief description of each award type follows:
| • | Stock Options. Stock options provide for the purchase of shares of our common stock in the future at an exercise price set on the grant date. Incentive stock options (“ISOs”), in contrast to nonqualified stock options, may provide tax deferral beyond exercise and favorable capital gains tax treatment to their holders if certain holding period and other requirements of the Code are satisfied. The exercise price of a stock option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the underlying share on the grant date (or 110% in the case of ISOs granted to certain significant stockholders), except with respect to certain substitute awards granted in connection with a corporate transaction. The term of a stock option may not be longer than ten years (or five years in the case of ISOs granted to certain significant stockholders). Conditions applicable to stock options may be based on continuing service, the attainment of performance goals and/or such other conditions as the plan administrator may determine. |
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| • | Stock Appreciation Rights. SARs entitle their holder, upon exercise, to receive from us an amount equal to the appreciation of the shares subject to the award between the grant date and the exercise date. The exercise price of a SAR may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the underlying share on the date of grant (except with respect to certain substitute SARs granted in connection with a corporate transaction) and the term of a SAR may not be longer than ten years. Vesting conditions determined by the plan administrator may apply to SARs and may include continued service, performance and/or other conditions. |
| • | Restricted Stock and RSUs. Restricted stock is an award of nontransferable shares of common stock that are subject to certain vesting conditions and other restrictions. RSUs are contractual promises to deliver shares of common stock in the future, which may also remain forfeitable unless and until specified conditions are met and may be accompanied by the right to receive the equivalent value of dividends paid on shares of common stock prior to the delivery of the underlying shares (i.e., dividend equivalent rights). The plan administrator may provide that the delivery of the shares underlying RSUs will be deferred on a mandatory basis or at the election of the participant. |
Certain Transactions
In the event of certain transactions and events affecting our common stock, such as stock dividends, stock splits, or a combination or other change in shares of our common stock, the plan administrator shall make appropriate and proportionate adjustments to the number and type of shares subject to the 2020 Plan and the number, type and price per share of stock subject to outstanding awards under the 2020 Plan. In the event of a dissolution or liquidation, all outstanding awards will terminate, provided that the plan administrator may provide for accelerated vesting before such dissolution or liquidation and contingent on its completion. In the event of a corporate transaction, the plan administrator may take one or more of the following actions, contingent upon the closing of such corporate transaction: (i) arrange for the assumption, continuation, or substitution of the awards by the surviving corporation; (ii) upon written notice to the participant, to provide that the award will be terminated and cannot vest, be exercised or become payable after the applicable event; (iii) accelerate the vesting and exercisability of any award; (iv) cancel any award to the extent not vested or exercised prior to the corporate transaction in exchange for cash consideration, if any, or other rights or property selected by the plan administrator in its sole discretion, equal to the amount that would have been attained upon the exercise of such award as of the date of the occurrence of the transaction. In the event of a corporate transaction in which the successor corporation does not assume or substitute the awards, the 2020 Plan provides that outstanding awards will fully vest and become exercisable (based on target performance for performance-based awards).
Plan Amendment and Termination
Our board of directors may suspend or terminate the 2020 Plan or any portion thereof at any time and may amend it from time to time in such respects as our board of directors may deem necessary or advisable, provided that no such amendment shall be made without stockholder approval to the extent such approval is required by applicable law. Further, no such amendment, suspension or termination shall impair the rights of participants under outstanding awards without the consent of the affected participants. As described above, the 2020 Plan will terminate as of the effective date of the Incentive Plan.
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INTERESTS OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS IN THE BUSINESS COMBINATION
The Company’s directors and executive officers have interests in the Business Combination that are different from, or in addition to, those of the Company’s Stockholders generally. These interests include, among other things, the interests listed below:
Treatment of Equity Awards in Business Combination
As described further below, certain of the Company’s directors and executive officers hold outstanding Company Options under the 2020 Plan. The Merger Agreement provides that (i) each Company In-the-Money Vested Option that is outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time will be assumed by Live Oak and converted into a comparable option under the 2020 Plan to purchase shares of the Combined Company’s Common Stock, based upon the exchange ratio and (ii) each Company In-the-Money Unvested Option that is outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time will be assumed by Live Oak and converted into a comparable option under the 2020 Plan to purchase shares of the Combined Company’s Common Stock, based upon the exchange ratio. Each Assumed Option will otherwise be subject to the same terms and conditions as applied to the underlying Company Option immediately prior to the Effective Time.
Participation in the Initial PIPE Investment
Certain members of Teamshares’ management have entered into Initial PIPE Subscription Agreements with Live Oak (the “Teamshares Management PIPE Investors”) and have committed to purchase shares of Live Oak common stock concurrently with the Closing (which, in connection with the Closing, will become shares of Combined Company Common Stock), as follows:
| Name |
PIPE Investment Amount | |||
| Michael Brown |
$ | 250,000 | ||
| Alex Eu |
$ | 250,000 | ||
| Kevin Shiiba |
$ | 250,000 | ||
| Brian Gaebe |
$ | 125,000 | ||
| Madhuri Kommareddi |
$ | 125,000 | ||
The terms of such subscriptions are equivalent to the terms of the Subscription Agreements entered into by investors in the Initial PIPE Investment transaction that are not Teamshares Management PIPE Investors.
Option Awards Under the 2020 Plan
The following table sets forth, for each of the Company’s directors and executive officers, the number of shares of common stock subject to vested and unvested Company Options held by the director or executive officer as of March 24, 2026, the latest practicable date to determine such amounts before the filing of this proxy statement/prospectus. Depending on when the Closing Date occurs, certain Company Options shown in the table may vest prior to the Closing Date.
| Name |
Vested Company Options | Unvested Company Options | ||||||
| Executive Officers |
||||||||
| Michael Brown |
— | 20,355 | ||||||
| Brian Gaebe |
41,041 | 8,959 | ||||||
| Madhuri Kommareddi |
42,916 | 7,084 | ||||||
| Alex Eu |
95,010 | 20,355 | ||||||
| Kevin Shiiba |
43,505 | 20,355 | ||||||
| Non-Employee Directors |
||||||||
| Evan Moore |
— | — | ||||||
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Post-Closing Director Compensation
As described above, in connection with the Business Combination, we intend to approve and implement a compensation program for our non-employee directors that consists of annual retainer fees and long-term equity awards.
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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS
Live Oak
In December 2024, the Sponsor paid $25,000, or approximately $0.004 per share, to cover certain of Live Oak’s costs in connection with the IPO in exchange for 5,750,000 Sponsor Shares. The number of the Sponsor Shares outstanding was determined based on the expectation that the total size of IPO would be a maximum of 23,000,000 units if the underwriter’s over-allotment option is exercised in full, and therefore that such Sponsor Shares would represent 20% of the outstanding shares after the IPO. Up to 750,000 of the Sponsor Shares will be surrendered for no consideration depending on the extent to which the underwriter’s over-allotment is exercised. On March 3, 2025, the underwriters exercised the over-allotment option in full as part of the closing of the IPO, as such, the 750,000 Sponsor Shares were no longer subject to forfeiture.
Pursuant to the Private Warrant Subscription Agreement, the Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 4,500,000 Private Warrants, at a price of $1.00 per Private Warrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $4,500,000, in the Private Placement that was consummated simultaneously with the IPO. Each Private Warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one Live Oak Class A Ordinary Share at $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment as set forth in the Private Warrant Subscription Agreement. The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants included as part of the Units sold in the IPO, subject to certain limited exceptions. If Live Oak does not complete the initial business combination by February 27, 2027 (or such other date as may be approved by the Live Oak shareholders), the Private Warrants will expire worthless. The Private Warrants are subject to the transfer restrictions set forth in the Private Warrant Subscription Agreement.
Prior to or in connection with the completion of the initial business combination, there may be payment by Live Oak to the Sponsor or a member of Live Oak’s management team and advisor or one of their affiliates of a finder’s fee, advisory fee, consulting fee or success fee for any services they render in order to effectuate the completion of the initial business, which, if made prior to the completion of the initial business combination, will be paid from funds held outside the Trust Account.
Pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, Live Oak currently utilizes office space at 4921 William Arnold Road, Memphis, TN 38117 from Live Oak Merchant Partners. Live Oak Merchant Partners is owned by Live Oak Management and is an affiliate of the Sponsor. Live Oak pays such Sponsor affiliate $17,500 per month for office space and secretarial and administrative support services provided to Live Oak. Upon completion of the initial business combination or liquidation, Live Oak will cease paying these monthly fees. For the year ended December 31, 2025, Live Oak incurred and paid $175,000 in fees for these services. For the period ended November 27, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2024, Live Oak did not incur any fees for these services. As of [ ], 2026, Live Oak has paid $[ ] pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement.
The Sponsor has agreed to loan Live Oak an aggregate of up to $300,000 to be used for a portion of the expenses of the IPO. The loan is non-interest bearing, unsecured and payable on the date of the IPO. As of June 30, 2025, Live Oak has repaid the Sponsor the outstanding balance of $176,573 of such loan. Borrowings under the loan are no longer available.
Live Oak expects to fund its working capital requirements prior to its initial business combination from funds held outside the Trust Account. In addition, in order to finance transaction costs in connection with an initial business combination, the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor or certain of Live Oak’s officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan Live Oak funds as may be required on a non-interest basis. If Live Oak completes an initial business combination, Live Oak would repay such loaned amounts. In the event that the initial business combination does not close, Live Oak may use available working capital (if any) to repay such loaned amounts but no proceeds from the Trust Account would be used for such repayment. Up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant at the option of the Sponsor. Such warrants would be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. Except as set forth above, the terms of such
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loans, if any, have not been determined and no written agreements exist with respect to such loans. Prior to the completion of Live Oak’s initial business combination, Live Oak does not expect to seek loans from parties other than the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor as Live Oak does not believe third parties will be willing to loan such funds and provide a waiver against any and all rights to seek access to funds in the Trust Account.
Any of the foregoing payments to the Sponsor, repayments of loans from the Sponsor or repayments of Working Capital Loans prior to our initial business combination will be made using funds held outside the Trust Account.
After the initial business combination, members of Live Oak’s management team who remain with the Combined Company may be paid consulting, management or other fees from the Combined Company with any and all amounts being fully disclosed to Live Oak shareholders, to the extent then known, in the proxy solicitation or tender offer materials, as applicable, furnished to Live Oak shareholders. It is unlikely the amount of such compensation will be known at the time of distribution of such tender offer materials or at the time of a general meeting held to consider the initial business combination, as applicable, as it will be up to the directors of the post-combination business to determine executive and director compensation.
Live Oak entered into a Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2025, with respect to the Sponsor Shares, Private Placement Warrants and any warrants that may be issued upon conversion of any Working Capital Loans (and any underlying Live Oak Class A Ordinary Shares). Pursuant to such agreement, holders of such securities have registration rights to require Live Oak to register a sale of any of its securities held by them. The holders of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that Live Oak register such securities. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to the completion of an initial business combination. Live Oak will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.
Teamshares
Teamshares Dependable Capital, LLC
During 2025, Teamshares Dependable Capital LLC (“Dependable Capital”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Teamshares Inc., entered into a series of loan arrangements with multiple lenders that resulted in aggregate net proceeds of approximately $11.5 million. The loans bear cash interest at 12% per annum, payable quarterly, plus 6% per annum paid-in-kind interest, compounded quarterly, and mature on June 30, 2027. The loans may be prepaid at any time subject to a 3% prepayment fee. In connection with these loans, lenders collectively received 15,558 warrants to purchase shares of Teamshares Inc. at an exercise price consistent with the Company’s Series E Preferred Stock Issuance. A portion of these loan commitments were made by members of the Company’s management and Board of Directors:
| • | On February 6, 2025, Michael Brown invested $1,000,000 in Dependable Capital. In connection with the investment, Mr. Brown received a warrant to purchase shares of Teamshares Series E Preferred Stock equal to 10% of the loan principal. |
| • | On April 1, 2025, Kevin Shiiba invested $1,100,000 in Dependable Capital. In connection with the investment, Mr. Shiiba received a warrant to purchase shares of Teamshares Series E Preferred Stock equal to 10% of the loan principal. |
| • | On April 1, 2025, Evan Moore invested $500,000 in Dependable Capital. In connection with the investment, Mr. Moore received a warrant to purchase shares of Teamshares Series E Preferred Stock equal to 10% of the loan principal. |
| • | On February 5, 2025, Alex Eu invested $300,000 in Dependable Capital. In connection with the investment, Mr. Eu received a warrant to purchase shares of Teamshares Series E Preferred Stock equal to 10% of the loan principal. |
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| • | Each of Michael Brown, Alex Eu and Kevin Shiiba previously lent $1,000,000 to Patina Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation and Operating Subsidiary (such loans, collectively, the “Patina Founder Loans”). The Patina Founder Loans were subsequently reassigned to Dependable Capital, in corresponding amounts. The Patina Founder Loans do not have Series E Preferred Stock warrants attached to such investments. |
In the aggregate, the counterparties to approximately $6.0 million of the Dependable Capital loans were members of the Company’s management and Board of Directors. The Company Board considered these transactions in light of the Company’s financing needs and determined that the terms, including the 12% cash interest, the 6% PIK interest and associated warrants, were commercially reasonable to the Company.
Executive and Director Guarantees of Company Obligations
Certain executives have provided personal guarantees of obligations incurred by the Company or its subsidiaries:
Michael Brown: Mr. Brown has provided a personal guaranty and suretyship of (i) the Note issued by Planforce Inc. as of February 3, 2020 to Planforce Group, LLC, in the original principal amount of $695,389.64, bearing interest at 7% per annum and maturing on January 31, 2030, and (ii) Teamshares Inc.’s related earnout obligations capped at $95,000 arising under the February 3, 2020 asset purchase agreement.
Mr. Brown also personally guaranteed (i) a seller note issued by Teamshares Inc. as of December 1, 2023 to the sellers thereto, as amended, in the principal amount of $405,000, bearing interest at 5% per annum and maturing on December 1, 2028, (ii) a seller note issued as of February 15, 2024 to the sellers thereto in the principal amount of $450,000, bearing interest at 6.25% per annum and maturing on February 15, 2029, and (iii) a lease obligation relating to premises at 643 Hudson Street, New York, NY, under a lease dated August 22, 2019, with remaining obligations of approximately $0.5 million as of December 31, 2024 and a remaining term through May 30, 2028.
Mr. Brown has also personally guaranteed (i) a seller note issued as of January 17, 2025 to the sellers thereto in the principal amount of $400,000, bearing interest at 6% per annum and maturing on January 17, 2030, and (ii) a $4,500,000 commercial loan to Mama’s Pizza Omaha, Inc. from Union Bank and Trust Company, bearing interest at 7.95% per annum and maturing on January 1, 2030.
Alex Eu: Mr. Eu has provided a personal guaranty and suretyship of (i) the Note issued by Planforce Inc. as of February 3, 2020 to Planforce Group, LLC, in the original principal amount of $695,389.64, bearing interest at 7% per annum and maturing on January 31, 2030, and (ii) Teamshares’ related earnout obligations capped at $95,000 arising under the February 3, 2020 asset purchase agreement.
The Company Board reviewed these guarantees, which were provided without additional Company consideration, in light of the Company’s financing strategy and the interests of stockholders.
Series E Financing
Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement: On June 20, 2024, Teamshares entered into an Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement (the “Investor Rights Agreement”) with certain significant stockholders (including Khosla Ventures, QED Growth Fund, Inspired Capital Partners and others) and Michael Brown. The Investors’ Rights Agreement provides certain investors with customary demand and piggyback registration rights for “Registrable Securities,” information and inspection rights, confidentiality obligations and a right of first offer on future issuances for “Major Investors” (generally, holders of at least 400,000 shares of Registrable Securities, as adjusted). It also provides limited board observer rights for specified legacy investors while they maintain minimum ownership thresholds, subject to customary limitations.
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Amended and Restated Voting Agreement: On June 20, 2024, Teamshares entered into an Amended and Restated Voting Agreement (the “Voting Agreement”) with certain investors and key holders, including Michael Brown. The Voting Agreement provides certain preferred and common holders with rights to elect specified directors and includes customary provisions governing the voting and transfer of shares. It also contains drag-along provisions that, upon requisite approvals (including Board approval and specified stockholder majorities), require stockholders to support a “Sale of the Company,” including a SPAC transaction, subject to stated conditions.
Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreement: On June 20, 2024, Teamshares entered into an Amended and Restated Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreement (the “ROFR Agreement” and, together with the Voting Agreement and the Investor Rights Agreement, the “Series E Agreements”) with certain investors and key holders, including Michael Brown. The ROFR Agreement grants the Company a right of first refusal and provides secondary purchase and co sale rights to the Series E investors over transfers by “Key Holders,” including founders and certain executives (such as Michael Brown, Alex Eu and Kevin Shiiba). It also contains market-standoff/lock-up provisions customary for an IPO and joinder mechanics for future issuances and additional key holders.
The Company Board reviewed the Series E Agreements and the rights described above and determined that they were negotiated at arm’s length with third-party investors and are customary for private venture-backed companies at the Company’s stage. The Board also considered the interests of directors affiliated with investor funds party to the Series E Agreements when approving these transactions.
Other Related Party Arrangements
Certain executives own direct and indirect minority interests in a customer of the Company. Revenue from this customer for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was immaterial. The Board (or audit committee) reviewed this relationship and determined it did not present a material related party transaction.
Policies for Approval of Related Person Transactions
The Combined Company will adopt a formal written policy that will be effective upon the Closing providing that the Combined Company’s officers, directors, nominees for election as directors, beneficial owners of more than 5% of any class of the Company’s capital stock, any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons and any firm, corporation or other entity in which any of the foregoing persons is employed or is a general partner or principal or in a similar position or in which such person has a 5% or greater beneficial ownership interest, are not permitted to enter into a related party transaction with the Combined Company without the approval of the Combined Company’s nominating and corporate governance committee, subject to certain exceptions. For more information, see the section entitled [“Management of the Company Following the Business Combination — Related Person Policy of the Company”].
Voting Agreements
In connection with the Business Combination, Teamshares and Live Oak have entered into voting agreements with the Sponsor and certain significant Teamshares stockholders. For more information, please see “The Business Combination Proposal — The Merger Agreement — Voting Agreement” and “The Business Combination Proposal — The Merger Agreement — Insider Letter Agreement Amendment” of this proxy statement/prospectus.
Initial PIPE Subscription Agreements
In connection with the Initial PIPE Investment, each of Michael Brown, Alex Eu, Brian Gaebe, Madhuri Kommareddi and Kevin Shiiba, who are expected to serve as officers and/or directors of the Combined
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Company, entered into Initial PIPE Subscription Agreements with Live Oak, pursuant to which each agreed to purchase shares of Live Oak common stock. Specifically, Mr. Brown, who is expected to serve as Chief Executive Officer of the Combined Company, Mr. Eu, who is expected to serve as President of the Combined Company and Mr. Shiiba, who is expected to serve as the Chief Technology Officer of the Combined Company, each agreed to purchase such securities for an aggregate purchase price of $250,000. Mr. Gaebe, who is expected to serve as Chief Financial Officer and Ms. Kommareddi, who is expected to serve as Chief Operating Officer, each agreed to purchase such securities for an aggregate purchase price of $125,000. The terms of such subscriptions are equivalent to the terms of the Subscription Agreements entered into by investors in the Initial PIPE Investment transaction that are not Teamshares Management PIPE Investors. See “Other Related Events in Connection with the Business Combination - Initial PIPE Investment” for more information.
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APPRAISAL RIGHTS
Live Oak shareholders do not have appraisal or dissenters’ rights in connection with the Business Combination under the Companies Act.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters relating to the validity of the common stock to be issued hereunder will be passed upon for Live Oak by Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, New York, New York.
EXPERTS
The financial statements of Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and for the period from November 27, 2024 (inception) through December 31, 2024 appearing in this proxy statement/prospectus have been audited by WithumSmith+Brown, PC, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report (which includes an explanatory paragraph regarding Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V’s ability to continue as a going concern), thereon, appearing elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The consolidated financial statements of Teamshares Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and for each of the years then ended, have been included herein in reliance upon the report of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, appearing elsewhere herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing. The audit report covering the December 31, 2025 consolidated financial statements contains an explanatory paragraph that states that the Company has incurred net losses, negative cash flows from operations, and has substantial debt coming due within the next 12 months that exceeds its liquidity and forecasted cash flows which raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of that uncertainty.
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
The transfer agent and registrar for Live Oak’s securities is CST.
DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS TO SHAREHOLDERS
Pursuant to the rules of the SEC, Live Oak and servicers that it employs to deliver communications to Live Oak shareholders are permitted to deliver to two or more shareholders sharing the same address a single copy of this proxy statement/prospectus. Upon written or oral request, Live Oak will deliver a separate copy of this proxy statement/prospectus to any shareholder at a shared address to which a single copy of this proxy statement/prospectus was delivered and who wishes to receive separate copies in the future. Shareholders receiving multiple copies of this proxy statement/prospectus may likewise request that Live Oak deliver single copies of Live Oak’s proxy statement in the future. Shareholders may notify Live Oak of their requests by calling or writing Live Oak at its principal executive offices at c/o Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V, 4921 William Arnold Road, Memphis, TN 38117, (901) 270-3107. Following the Business Combination, communications should be sent to Teamshares at 214 Sullivan Street, 6B, New York, New York 10012.
SUBMISSION OF SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS
The Live Oak Board is aware of no other matter that may be brought before the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting.
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FUTURE SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS
For any proposal to be considered for inclusion in the Combined Company’s proxy statement and form of proxy for submission to the shareholders at the Combined Company’s 2026 annual meeting of shareholders, assuming consummation of the Business Combination, it must be submitted in writing and comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act and the Bylaws. Since the 2026 annual meeting would be the Combined Company’s first annual meeting of shareholders, such proposals must be received by the Combined Company a reasonable time before it begins to print and mail the 2026 annual meeting proxy materials in order to be considered for inclusion in such proxy materials for the 2026 annual meeting.
In addition, if the Business Combination is consummated, the Proposed Bylaws provide notice procedures for shareholders to nominate a person as a director and to propose business to be considered by shareholders at a meeting. To be timely, a shareholder’s notice must be delivered to the Combined Company not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the opening of business on the 120th day before the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of shareholders. Nominations and proposals also must satisfy other requirements set forth in the Proposed Bylaws. The Combined Company’s Board may refuse to acknowledge the introduction of any shareholder proposal not made in compliance with the foregoing procedures.
SHAREHOLDER COMMUNICATIONS
Shareholders and interested parties may communicate with the Live Oak Board, any committee chairperson or the non-management directors as a group by writing to the board or committee chairperson in care of Richard J. Hendrix, Chief Executive Officer, c/o Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V, 4921 William Arnold Road, Memphis, TN 38117. Following the Business Combination, such communications should be sent to [ ]. Each communication will be forwarded, depending on the subject matter, to the board of directors, the appropriate committee chairperson or all non-management directors.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
The Combined Company has filed a registration statement on Form S-4 to register the issuance of securities described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. This proxy statement/prospectus is a part of that registration statement.
Information and statements contained in this proxy statement/prospectus or any annex to this proxy statement/prospectus are qualified in all respects by reference to the copy of the relevant contract or other annex filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this proxy statement/prospectus forms a part, which includes exhibits incorporated by reference from other filings made with the SEC.
If you would like additional copies of this proxy statement/prospectus or if you have questions about the Business Combination or the proposals to be presented at the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting, you should contact Live Oak by telephone or in writing at the following address and telephone number:
Richard J. Hendrix
c/o Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V 4921 William Arnold Road
Memphis, TN 38117
(901) 270-3107
You may also obtain these documents by requesting them in writing or by telephone from Live Oak’s proxy solicitation agent, [ ], at the following address and telephone number:
[ ]
If you are a shareholder of Live Oak and would like to request documents, please do so by [ ], 2026, in order to receive them before the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting. If you request any documents from Live Oak, Live Oak will mail them to you by first class mail, or another equally prompt means.
All information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus relating to Live Oak has been supplied by or on behalf of Live Oak, and all such information relating to Teamshares has been supplied by or on behalf of Teamshares. Information provided by either Live Oak or Teamshares, or their respective representatives, does not constitute any representation, estimate or projection of any other party. Live Oak’s website is www.liveoakacq.com and Teamshares’ website is www.teamshares.com. The information on these websites is neither incorporated by reference into this proxy statement/prospectus, or into any other filings with, or into any other information furnished or submitted to, the SEC.
This document is a proxy statement of Live Oak for the Live Oak Extraordinary General Meeting and constitutes a prospectus of the Combined Company under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of Combined Company Common Stock to be issued to Teamshares’ members under the Merger Agreement. Live Oak has not authorized anyone to give any information or make any representation about the Business Combination, Live Oak or Teamshares that is different from, or in addition to, that contained in this proxy statement/prospectus. Therefore, if anyone does give you information of this sort, you should not rely on it. The information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus speaks only as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, unless the information specifically indicates that another date applies.
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Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Page | ||||
| F-2 | ||||
| Consolidated Financial Statements: |
||||
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 |
F-3 | |||
| F-4 | ||||
| F-5 | ||||
| F-6 | ||||
| F-7 to F-26 | ||||
| Financial Statements of Teamshares Inc.: |
||||
| F-28 | ||||
| FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
||||
| F-30 | ||||
| F-31 | ||||
| F-32 | ||||
| F-33 | ||||
| F-34 | ||||
| F-35 | ||||
December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | $ |
||||||
Due from Sponsor |
||||||||
Prepaid expenses |
||||||||
Deferred offering costs |
||||||||
Total Current assets |
||||||||
Long-term prepaid insurance |
||||||||
Marketable securities held in Trust Account |
||||||||
TOTAL ASSETS |
$ |
$ |
||||||
LIABILITIES, CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES SUBJECT TO POSSIBLE REDEMPTION, AND SHAREHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY |
||||||||
Accrued expenses |
$ | $ |
||||||
Accrued offering costs |
||||||||
IPO Promissory Note - related party |
||||||||
Total Current liabilities |
||||||||
PIPE Subscription Agreements liability |
||||||||
Deferred Advisory Fee |
||||||||
Deferred underwriting fee |
||||||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES |
||||||||
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 6) |
||||||||
Class A Ordinary Shares subject to possible redemption; |
||||||||
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) |
||||||||
Preference shares, $ issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 |
||||||||
Class A O rdinary S hares, $issued and outstanding (excluding 23,000,000 shares and no shares subject to possible redemption) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively |
||||||||
Class B O rdinary S hares, $shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 |
||||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
||||||||
Accumulated deficit |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) |
( |
) |
||||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES, CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES SUBJECT TO POSSIBLE REDEMPTION, AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) |
$ |
$ |
||||||
For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 |
For the Period from November 27, 2024 (Inception) Through December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| General and administrative costs |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| Advisory Fee |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Loss from operations |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| OTHER INCOME |
||||||||
| Initial loss on PIPE Subscription Agreements liability |
( |
) |
||||||
| Change in fair value of PIPE Subscription Agreements liability |
||||||||
| Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account |
— |
|||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total other income |
( |
) |
||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| NET LOSS |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) | ||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding of Class A Ordinary Shares |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Basic net loss per Ordinary Share, Class A Ordinary Shares |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding of Class A Ordinary Shares |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Diluted net loss per Ordinary Share, Class A Ordinary Shares |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding of Class B Ordinary Shares |
|
|
| |||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Basic net loss per Ordinary Share, Class B Ordinary Shares |
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) | |
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding of Class B Ordinary Shares |
|
|
| |||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Diluted net loss per Ordinary Share, Class B Ordinary Shares |
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) | |
| |
|
|
|
|||||
Class A Ordinary Shares |
Class B Ordinary Shares |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Accumulated Deficit |
Total Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares |
Amount |
Shares |
Amount |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance – November 27, 2024 (Inception) |
$ |
$ |
$ |
— |
$ |
— |
$ |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||
Class B Ordinary Shares issued to Sponsor |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
— |
— |
— |
— |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Balance – December 31, 2024 |
( |
) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sale of Private Placement Warrants |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value of Public Warrants at issuance |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allocated value of transaction costs to Class A Ordinary Shares |
— | ( |
) | — | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Accretion for Class A Ordinary Shares to redemption amount |
— |
— |
( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
— |
— |
— | — | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Balance – December 31, 2025 |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) | |||||||||||||||||||
For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 |
For the Period from November 27, 2024 (Inception) Through December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |
||||||||
| Net loss |
$ | ( |
) | |
$ |
( |
) | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
|
|||||||
| Payment of formation costs included in general and administrative expenses through IPO Promissory Note – related party |
|
|||||||
| Payment of expenses through IPO Promissory Note – related party |
|
|||||||
| Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account |
( |
) | |
— |
||||
| Initial loss on PIPE Subscription Agreements liability |
|
|||||||
| Change in fair value of PIPE Subscription Agreements liability |
( |
) | ||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||||||
| Prepaid expenses |
( |
) | |
|||||
| Long-term prepaid insurance |
( |
) | |
|||||
| Accrued expenses |
|
|||||||
| Advisory Fee payable |
|
|||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Net cash used in operating activities |
( |
) |
|
|||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities: |
|
|
|
| ||||
| Investment of cash into Trust Account |
( |
) |
||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Net cash used in investing activities |
( |
) |
||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities: |
||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of Units, net of underwriting discounts paid |
||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of Private Placements Warrants |
||||||||
| Repayment from Sponsor |
( |
) |
||||||
| Repayment of IPO Promissory Note – related party |
( |
) |
||||||
| Payment of offering costs |
( |
) |
||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents |
||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Non-cash investing and financing activities: |
||||||||
| Prepaid expenses paid through IPO Promissory Note – related party |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Deferred offering costs paid by Sponsor in exchange for issuance of Class B Ordinary Shares |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Deferred offering costs paid through IPO Promissory Note – related party |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Offering costs included in accrued offering costs |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Deferred underwriting fee payable |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Deferred offering costs applied to prepaid expense |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
March 3, 2025 |
||||
| Implied Class A Ordinary Share price |
$ |
|||
| Exercise price |
$ |
|||
| Simulation term (years) |
||||
| Risk-free rate (continuous) |
% | |||
| Selected volatility |
% | |||
| Probability of de-SPAC and market adjustment |
% | |||
| Gross proceeds |
$ |
|||
| Less: |
||||
| Proceeds allocated to Public Warrants |
( |
) | ||
| Class A Ordinary Shares issuance costs |
( |
) | ||
| Plus: |
||||
| Remeasurement of carrying value to redemption value |
||||
| |
|
|||
| Class A Ordinary Shares subject to possible redemption, December 31, 2025 |
$ |
|||
| |
|
For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 |
For the Period from November 27, 2024 (Inception) Through December 31, 2024 |
|||||||||||||||
Class A |
Class B |
Class A |
Class B |
|||||||||||||
| Basic net loss per share: |
||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: |
||||||||||||||||
| Allocation of net loss |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
$ |
( |
) | ||||||
| Denominator: |
||||||||||||||||
| Basic weighted average Ordinary Shares outstanding |
||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Basic net loss per Ordinary Share |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
$ |
( |
) | ||||||
For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 |
For the Period from November 27, 2024 (Inception) Through December 31, 2024 |
|||||||||||||||
Class A |
Class B |
Class A |
Class B |
|||||||||||||
| Diluted net loss per share: |
||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: |
||||||||||||||||
| Allocation of net loss |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
$ |
( |
) | ||||||
| Denominator: |
||||||||||||||||
| Diluted weighted average Ordinary Shares outstanding |
||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Diluted net loss per Ordinary Share |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
$ |
( |
) | ||||||
| • | in whole and not in part; |
| • | at a price of $ per Public Warrant; |
| • | upon a minimum of prior written notice of redemption; and |
| • | if, and only if, the closing price of the Class A Ordinary Shares equals or exceeds $ per share (as adjusted for adjustments to the number of Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise or the exercise price of a Public Warrant) for any trading days within a day period commencing at least |
Level 1: |
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for an asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. |
Level 2: |
Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs. Examples of Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities and quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active. |
Level 3: |
Unobservable inputs based on an assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. |
Fair Value Measured as of December 31, 2025 |
||||||||||||||||
Level 1 |
Level 2 |
Level 3 |
Total |
|||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||
Marketable securities held in Trust Account – U.S. Treasury Securities Money Market Fund |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||
PIPE Subscription Agreements liability |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
November 14, 2025 (Initial measurement) |
December31, 2025 |
|||||||
Probability of Business Combination |
% |
% | ||||||
Underlying Ordinary Share price |
$ |
$ |
||||||
Term (years) |
||||||||
Risk-free rate |
% |
% | ||||||
Volatility |
% |
% | ||||||
PIPE Subscription Agreements |
||||
Fair value as of November 14, 2025 (initial measurement) |
$ |
|||
Change in fair value |
( |
) | ||
Fair value as of December 31, 2025 |
$ |
|||
December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
Marketable securities held in Trust Account |
$ |
$ |
||||||
Cash |
$ |
$ |
||||||
For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 |
For the Period from November 27, 2024 (Inception) Through December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
General and administrative costs |
$ |
$ |
||||||
Interest earned on marketable securities held in Trust Account |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| CONTENTS
|
F-28 | |||
| FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
||||
| F-30 | ||||
| F-31 | ||||
| F-32 | ||||
| F-33 | ||||
| F-34 | ||||
| F-35 | ||||
F-27
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors
Teamshares Inc.:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Teamshares Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has incurred net losses, negative cash flows from operations, and has substantial debt coming due within the next 12 months that exceeds its liquidity and forecasted cash flows, all of which raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
F-28
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2022.
Dallas, Texas
March 30, 2026
F-29
Teamshares Inc.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, 2025 and 2024
(dollars in thousands)
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Assets |
||||||||
| Current Assets |
||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents |
$ | 40,246 | $ | 48,551 | ||||
| Restricted Cash |
13,426 | 17,651 | ||||||
| Accounts Receivable, Net |
21,354 | 21,086 | ||||||
| Inventories |
46,405 | 30,263 | ||||||
| Prepaid Expenses |
2,870 | 2,984 | ||||||
| Other Current Assets |
3,052 | 6,878 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total Current Assets |
127,352 | 127,412 | ||||||
| Long-Term Assets |
||||||||
| Restricted Cash |
425 | 9,307 | ||||||
| Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net |
30,043 | 45,039 | ||||||
| Operating Lease Right of Use Assets, Net |
93,586 | 50,988 | ||||||
| Goodwill, Net |
244,743 | 163,658 | ||||||
| Internally Developed Software, Net |
6,769 | 7,823 | ||||||
| Trade Names, Net |
11,598 | 8,542 | ||||||
| Other Assets |
13,676 | 4,643 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total Long-Term Assets |
400,840 | 290,001 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total Assets |
$ | 528,193 | $ | 417,413 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |
||||||||
| Current Liabilities |
||||||||
| Accounts Payable |
$ | 22,586 | $ | 16,173 | ||||
| Accrued Expenses |
10,562 | 8,212 | ||||||
| Deferred Revenue |
10,051 | 7,130 | ||||||
| Contingent Consideration |
3,151 | 1,828 | ||||||
| Short-Term Debt and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt |
200,147 | 1,111 | ||||||
| Current Portion of Operating Lease Obligations |
8,524 | 5,920 | ||||||
| Other Current Liabilities |
9,893 | 6,698 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total Current Liabilities |
264,913 | 47,073 | ||||||
| Long-Term Liabilities |
||||||||
| Warrant Liability |
2,922 | 6,620 | ||||||
| Contingent Consideration |
6,044 | 1,919 | ||||||
| Long-Term Debt, Net |
91,399 | 180,168 | ||||||
| Long-Term Operating Lease Obligations |
88,144 | 48,070 | ||||||
| Other Long-Term Liabilities |
8,687 | 1,661 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total Long-Term Liabilities |
197,196 | 238,439 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total Liabilities |
462,109 | 285,512 | ||||||
| Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests |
2,451 | 4,194 | ||||||
| Stockholders’ Equity |
||||||||
| Common Stock, $0.00001 par value, 11,307,218 shares authorized, 1,174,429 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025; 11,307,218 shares authorized, 1,162,180 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 |
— | — | ||||||
| Preferred Stock, $0.00001 par value, 8,428,093 shares authorized, 7,758,235 issued and outstanding, liquidation preference of $337,206,414 as of December 31, 2025; 8,100,554 shares authorized, 7,740,549 issued and outstanding, liquidation preference of $335,856,441 as of December 31, 2024 |
— | — | ||||||
| Additional Paid-In Capital |
327,843 | 324,200 | ||||||
| Accumulated Deficit |
(261,775 | ) | (195,856 | ) | ||||
| Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
(128 | ) | (159 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total Stockholders’ Equity |
65,941 | 128,184 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Noncontrolling Interests |
(2,308 | ) | (476 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total Equity |
63,633 | 127,708 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |
$ | 528,193 | $ | 417,413 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-30
Teamshares Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
December 31, 2025 and 2024
(dollars in thousands)
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Revenue: |
||||||||
| Products |
$ | 332,356 | $ | 254,464 | ||||
| Services |
139,211 | 144,177 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total Revenue |
471,567 | 398,641 | ||||||
| Cost of Revenue: |
||||||||
| Products |
203,230 | 164,355 | ||||||
| Services |
85,238 | 94,966 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total Cost of Revenue |
288,467 | 259,321 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Gross Profit |
183,100 | 139,320 | ||||||
| Operating Expenses (Income) |
||||||||
| Depreciation |
3,086 | 3,747 | ||||||
| Amortization |
5,907 | 5,635 | ||||||
| Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses |
191,421 | 167,632 | ||||||
| Goodwill Impairment |
19,412 | 15,645 | ||||||
| Loss (Gain) on Disposition of Assets |
(5,418 | ) | 2,661 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total Operating Expenses |
214,409 | 195,321 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Loss from Operations |
(31,308 | ) | (56,001 | ) | ||||
| Non-Operating Expenses (Income) |
||||||||
| Interest Expense, Net |
31,191 | 27,766 | ||||||
| Loss on Extinguishment of Debt |
4,642 | — | ||||||
| Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability |
(3,956 | ) | (702 | ) | ||||
| Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration |
1,326 | 91 | ||||||
| Other Non-Operating Expense (Income), Net |
1,284 | (199 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total Non-Operating Expenses |
34,487 | 26,955 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Loss Before Income Taxes |
(65,795 | ) | (82,957 | ) | ||||
| Income Tax Expense |
562 | 890 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Net Loss |
(66,358 | ) | (83,846 | ) | ||||
| Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |
(439 | ) | (549 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Net Loss Attributable to Teamshares Inc. |
$ | (65,919 | ) | $ | (83,297 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders |
$ | (65,670 | ) | $ | (83,024 | ) | ||
| Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders, Basic and Diluted |
$ | (56.46 | ) | $ | (71.97 | ) | ||
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-31
Teamshares Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
December 31, 2025 and 2024
(dollars in thousands)
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Net Loss |
$ | (66,358 | ) | $ | (83,846 | ) | ||
| Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, net of tax: |
||||||||
| Foreign Currency Translation |
31 | (348 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |
31 | (348 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Comprehensive Loss Including Noncontrolling Interests |
(66,327 | ) | (84,195 | ) | ||||
| Comprehensive Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |
(439 | ) | (549 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Comprehensive Loss Attributable to Teamshares Inc. |
$ | (65,888 | ) | $ | (83,645 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-32
Teamshares Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
(in thousands except shares and par value)
| Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest |
Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital |
Accumulated Deficit |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Gain |
Total Stockholders’ Equity |
Noncontrolling Interests |
Total Equity |
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| Amount | Shares | Par Value | Shares | Par Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances, January 1, 2024 |
$ | 6,566 | 6,757,945 | $ | 67 | 1,151,549 | $ | 12 | $ | 248,698 | $ | (112,559 | ) | $ | 189 | $ | 136,327 | $ | 943 | $ | 137,271 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of Common Stock Options for Cash |
— | — | — | 10,631 | — | 40 | — | — | 40 | — | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Series E-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, Net |
— | 982,604 | 10 | — | — | 73,561 | — | — | 73,561 | — | 73,561 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-Based Compensation |
— | — | — | — | — | 2,539 | — | — | 2,539 | 1,754 | 4,293 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends to Noncontrolling Interests |
(208 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (1,216 | ) | (1,216 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling Interest Repurchases and Adjustments |
(2,521 | ) | (639 | ) | — | (639 | ) | (1,050 | ) | (1,689 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (Loss) Income |
358 | — | — | — | — | (83,297 | ) | — | (83,297 | ) | (907 | ) | (84,204 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Loss |
— | (348 | ) | (348 | ) | — | (348 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Balances, December 31, 2024 |
$ | 4,194 | 7,740,549 | $ | 77 | 1,162,180 | $ | 12 | $ | 324,200 | $ | (195,856 | ) | $ | (159 | ) | $ | 128,184 | $ | (476 | ) | $ | 127,708 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of Common Stock Options for Cash |
— | — | — | 12,249 | — | 47 | — | — | 47 | — | 47 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Series E-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, Net |
— | 17,686 | — | — | — | 1,350 | — | — | 1,350 | — | 1,350 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-Based Compensation |
— | — | — | — | — | 2,347 | — | — | 2,347 | 1,471 | 3,818 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends to Noncontrolling Interests |
(93 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (1,191 | ) | (1,191 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling Interest Repurchases and Adjustments |
(1,715 | ) | — | — | — | — | (100 | ) | — | — | (100 | ) | (1,608 | ) | (1,707 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (Loss) Income |
65 | — | — | — | — | — | (65,919 | ) | — | (65,919 | ) | (504 | ) | (66,423 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Income |
— | — | — | — | |
— |
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— | — | 31 | 31 | — | 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Balances, December 31, 2025 |
$ | 2,451 | 7,758,235 | $ | 78 | 1,174,429 | $ | 12 | $ | 327,843 | $ | (261,775 | ) | $ | (128 | ) | $ | 65,941 | $ | (2,308 | ) | $ | 63,633 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-33
Teamshares Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
(dollars in thousands)
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
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| Cash Flows From Operating Activities |
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| Net Loss |
$ | (66,358 | ) | $ | (83,846 | ) | ||
| Adjustments to Reconcile Net Loss to Net Cash Used in Operating Activities: |
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| Depreciation and Amortization |
11,580 | 11,305 | ||||||
| Non-Cash Stock-Based Compensation Expense |
3,818 | 4,293 | ||||||
| Non-Cash Interest Expense |
2,501 | 2,322 | ||||||
| Goodwill impairment |
19,412 | 15,645 | ||||||
| Loss/(Gain) on Disposition of Assets |
(5,418 | ) | 2,661 | |||||
| Loss on Extinguishment of Debt |
4,642 | — | ||||||
| Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability |
(3,956 | ) | (702 | ) | ||||
| Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration, Net of Payments |
(209 | ) | (2,141 | ) | ||||
| Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities, Net of Acquisitions: |
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| Inventory |
(1,877 | ) | 1,053 | |||||
| Accounts Receivable |
(918 | ) | 5,992 | |||||
| Other Assets |
(609 | ) | (2,007 | ) | ||||
| Accounts Payable |
270 | 1,229 | ||||||
| Other Liabilities |
(906 | ) | 1,780 | |||||
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| Net Cash Used in Operating Activities |
(38,029 | ) | (42,414 | ) | ||||
| Cash Flows From Investing Activities |
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| Capital Expenditures |
(4,097 | ) | (3,546 | ) | ||||
| Business Acquisitions, Net of Cash Received |
(81,497 | ) | (26,426 | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from Sale Leaseback, Net |
31,013 | — | ||||||
| Additions to Internally Developed Software |
(2,764 | ) | (3,409 | ) | ||||
| Other Investing Activities |
— | (5,225 | ) | |||||
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| Net Cash Used in Investing Activities |
(57,345 | ) | (38,606 | ) | ||||
| Cash Flows From Financing Activities |
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| Borrowings Under Credit Facilities |
28,188 | 15,397 | ||||||
| Repayments of Credit Facilities |
(27,036 | ) | — | |||||
| Borrowings Under Other Debt Instruments |
78,507 | 768 | ||||||
| Repayments of Other Debt Instruments |
(3,768 | ) | (529 | ) | ||||
| Issuance of SAFE Notes |
3,000 | — | ||||||
| Proceeds from Issuance of Preferred Stock, Net |
1,350 | 73,561 | ||||||
| Dividends to Noncontrolling Interests |
(1,284 | ) | (1,424 | ) | ||||
| Acquisitions of Noncontrolling Interests |
(3,004 | ) | (3,361 | ) | ||||
| Payments of Debt Issuance Costs |
(1,437 | ) | — | |||||
| Contingent Consideration Payments |
(525 | ) | (1,527 | ) | ||||
| Other Financing Activities |
47 | 40 | ||||||
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| Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities |
74,038 | 82,926 | ||||||
| Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents |
(76 | ) | (348 | ) | ||||
| Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash |
(21,412 | ) | 1,558 | |||||
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| Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period |
75,509 | 73,951 | ||||||
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| Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of Period |
54,097 | 75,509 | ||||||
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| Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information: |
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| Interest Paid |
$ | 29,078 | $ | 26,627 | ||||
| Income Taxes Paid |
$ | 611 | $ | 688 | ||||
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-34
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
NOTE 1 – Organization and Description of Business
Teamshares Inc. (“Teamshares”) was founded and incorporated in June 2019 in the state of Delaware. Teamshares is primarily engaged in the acquisition of small businesses from retiring owners and providing the acquired businesses (“Operating Subsidiary(ies)”) with administration of an employee-ownership program, education, financial products, insurance products, software, and other services.
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, Teamshares had 92 and 93 active Operating Subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2025, 89 Operating Subsidiaries are located in the United States, and 3 Operating Subsidiaries are located outside of the United States. Operating Subsidiaries are engaged in a variety of industries, including both product and service-related sales. Operating Subsidiaries are charged a monthly fee for the services provided by Teamshares. All of the Operating Subsidiaries are consolidated under Teamshares, and therefore the fee is eliminated in consolidation. Teamshares administers an employee ownership program pursuant to which Operating Subsidiary employees (“Employee Owners”) may earn ownership interest in their respective Operating Subsidiary through continued service. Cash flows generated from Operating Subsidiaries are primarily utilized to make distributions to Operating Subsidiary stockholders, or to repurchase Operating Subsidiary stock that is owned by Teamshares. The repurchased stock is canceled, thereby increasing the ownership percentage of the Employee Owners.
Merger Agreement with Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V
On November 14, 2025, the Company entered into an agreement and plan of merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V (“Live Oak”), Live Oak Sponsor V LLC, Catalyst Sub Inc. (“Merger Sub”), and Catalyst Sub 2 LLC (“Merger Sub II”). Live Oak is a publicly traded special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”).
At the closing of the proposed business combination (the “Closing”), (i) Merger Sub will merge with and into Teamshares, with Teamshares surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Live Oak, and (ii) immediately thereafter, the surviving corporation will merge with and into Merger Sub II. Upon consummation of the mergers, all outstanding Teamshares capital stock will be cancelled and converted into the right to receive a pro rata share of the merger consideration, and all in-the-money Teamshares options will be converted into options to purchase Live Oak common stock. All other convertible securities outstanding and not exercised or converted prior to Closing will be terminated.
The Merger Agreement provides for total merger consideration valued at $525.0 million plus the value of any interim period financing converted into Teamshares equity prior to the Closing (the “Merger Consideration”). The Merger Consideration will be paid in shares of Live Oak common stock valued at $10.00 per share.
The transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (collectively, the “SPAC Merger”) are expected to be accounted for as a reverse recapitalization. Under this method of accounting, although Live Oak will acquire all of the outstanding equity interests of Teamshares in the SPAC Merger, Live Oak will be treated as the acquired company and Teamshares will be treated as the accounting acquirer for financial statement reporting purposes. Accordingly, the SPAC Merger will be treated as the equivalent of Teamshares issuing stock for the net assets of Live Oak, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of Live Oak will be stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded.
In addition, certain existing Teamshares securityholders may receive up to 6.0 million additional shares of Live Oak common stock (the “Earnout Shares”) contingent upon the achievement of specified share-price targets during the five-year earnout period. One-third of the Earnout Shares vest upon the volume-weighted average
F-35
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
price of Live Oak common stock equaling or exceeding $12.00, $15.00, and $20.00, respectively, for 20 out of 30 consecutive trading days.
The boards of both Teamshares and Live Oak have each unanimously approved the SPAC Merger. The closing of the SPAC Merger is subject to, among other things, the approval by Live Oak shareholders of the SPAC Merger and the satisfaction of other customary closing conditions as set forth in the definitive agreement, including that the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission completes its review of the registration statement on Form S-4 (which will include a proxy statement of Live Oak and a prospectus), the receipt of certain regulatory approvals and approval by the relevant stock exchange to list the securities of the combined company (the “Combined Company”). At closing, the Combined Company will operate as “Teamshares Inc.” and is expected to be listed on Nasdaq under ticker “TMS”.
Simultaneously with the execution of the Merger Agreement, Live Oak entered into subscription agreements with certain investors (the “Initial PIPE Investors”) pursuant to which, and on the terms and subject to the conditions of which, such Initial PIPE Investors have agreed to subscribe for and purchase from Live Oak 13,750,000 common shares of the Combined Company in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $126.5 million to be consummated substantially concurrently with the closing of the SPAC Merger. Consummation of this investment is conditioned on the closing of the SPAC Merger and other customary closing conditions.
Going Concern
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company has incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations due to corporate overhead and interest expense exceeding cash flows from Operating Subsidiaries and current conditions are expected to result in additional losses for the next 12 months after the financial statements are available to be issued. Furthermore, the Company has debt of $205.8 million that will mature within the next 12 months after the financial statements are available to be issued, and the Company’s existing liquidity and forecasted cash flows are not sufficient to repay this debt. These conditions may impact the Company’s ability to remain in compliance with certain debt covenants. See NOTE 9. As a result, substantial doubt exists about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Management’s plans to alleviate these conditions include, but are not limited to, the following:
| • | SPAC Merger – The Company plans to go public via a merger with the SPAC, which is expected to close in Q2’26 subject to regulatory approval and customary closing conditions. Upon close, the Company expects to receive $126.5 million from the PIPE Investment plus up to $230 million of additional proceeds currently held in trust at Live Oak depending on redemptions (in each case reduced by fees). The Company plans to utilize these proceeds to fund acquisitions and repay certain indebtedness, which is expected to significantly improve cash flows from operations. The closing of the SPAC merger was not incorporated into the Company’s analysis regarding its ability to continue as a going concern primarily due to regulatory approvals that were deemed outside of its control. |
| • | Refinance Existing Indebtedness – The Company intends to refinance certain of its indebtedness, including the i80 Credit Facility that matures in December 2026. The Company believes the completion of the SPAC merger and improvement in liquidity will increase the likelihood of successfully refinancing its existing indebtedness. However, there can be no assurance the Company will be successful in obtaining such refinancing on acceptable terms, or at all. |
F-36
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Although management is pursuing these plans, there can be no assurance they will be successfully implemented or that they will be able to mitigate the substantial doubt regarding its ability to continue as a going concern.
The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty, such as adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
The inclusion of a going concern qualification or explanatory paragraph that indicates substantial doubt exists about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern would result in a breach of a covenant within both the i80 Facility and the HBC Credit Facility. In March 2026, the Company obtained a limited waiver from the lenders of both the i80 Facility and the HBC Credit Facility that waive any covenant breach or event of default that would otherwise arise solely as a result of the auditor’s report delivered in connection with the Company’s 2025 audited financial statements containing a qualification, explanatory paragraph or similar language relating to substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. As a result, the Company is not currently subject to debt acceleration and is in compliance with all other covenants in both the i80 Facility and HBC Credit Facility. Refer to NOTE 9 for additional disclosure of the Company’s debt instruments.
NOTE 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation: The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).
Principles of Consolidation: The Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 represent the consolidated financial position and results of operations of Teamshares Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Additionally, certain columns and rows within tables in this report may not sum due to rounding.
For consolidated entities where the Company owns less than 100% of the equity, the Company’s consolidated net loss is reduced by the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest. The income or loss attributable to noncontrolling interest is calculated for each individual Operating Subsidiary during the consolidation process. In determining whether an entity is considered a controlled entity, the Company applies the variable interest entity (“VIE”) and voting interest entity (“VOE”) models, as applicable. Entities that do not qualify as a VIE are assessed for consolidation under the VOE model. Under the VOE model, the Company consolidates the entity if it determines that it has a controlling financial interest in the entity through its ownership of greater than 50% of the outstanding voting shares of the entity and that other equity holders do not have substantive voting, participating or liquidation rights. As of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, all Operating Subsidiaries are consolidated under the VOE model.
Noncontrolling interests (“NCI”) presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements represent ownership interests in certain consolidated subsidiaries held by persons other than the Company, including Employee Owners and former owners of the Operating Subsidiaries. Ownership interests held by Employee Owners are classified as permanent equity within Noncontrolling Interests on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Company’s NCI balance includes Rollover Shares issued to former owners that the Company could be required to redeem for cash at the option of the holder if the shares are held for a certain period of time after the acquisition date. Due to this redemption feature, the Company classifies Rollover Shares as mezzanine equity within Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The carrying value of Rollover
F-37
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Shares is equal to their redemption value. The redemption options associated with all Rollover Shares included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are exercisable by the option holder as of the year ended December 31, 2025. Rollover Shares are discussed in NOTE 4.
Use of Estimates: The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses as of and during the reporting period, respectively. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash: The Company considers short-term cash investments and highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains deposit accounts at various financial institutions. The majority of the Company’s deposits are maintained with institutions that provide Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) coverage of $250,000 per depositor. At various times, these deposits may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit.
As part of the terms of certain of the Company’s debt agreements, the Company is required to maintain certain deposit accounts. These deposits are classified as restricted cash. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had $11.7 million of restricted cash related to debt agreements, including $6.8 million in debt service reserve accounts pledged as collateral (“Collateral Accounts”), and $4.9 million in collection accounts to be used to pay current fees, costs, and interest related to the debt (“Collection Accounts”). Any cash held in Collection Accounts in excess of debt servicing costs is available for distribution to Teamshares. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $22.7 million of restricted cash related to debt agreements, including $9.3 million in Collateral Accounts, and $13.4 million in Collection Accounts. Restricted cash related to debt agreements is included within Long-Term Assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, unless the associated debt obligation matures within the next twelve months, in which case the restricted cash balance is included within Current Assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As part of the terms of the Company’s self-insurance program, the Company is required to maintain separate deposit accounts. Distributions from these accounts require regulatory approval, and therefore the deposits are classified as restricted cash. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had $2.1 million and $4.2 million, respectively, classified as restricted cash related to self-insurance programs. These deposits are included in Current Assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Accounts Receivable, Net: Accounts receivable consist of customer receivables associated with the sale of products and services by various Operating Subsidiaries. Accounts receivable generally do not bear interest and are typically due within 30-60 days. The Company’s primary exposure to credit losses is through customer receivables.
The allowance for estimated losses is based on the Company’s assessment of the collectability of customer accounts receivable. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 326 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, the Company makes ongoing estimates relating to the collectability of accounts receivable and records an allowance for estimated losses expected from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The Company establishes expected credit losses by evaluating specific customer circumstances, historical levels of credit losses, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. These inputs are used to determine a range of expected credit losses and an allowance is recorded within the range. Accounts receivable are written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovery. The Company had $1.0 million and $0.7 million in allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
F-38
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Inventories: Inventories consist of finished goods, raw materials, and work in process, and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventories are primarily stated at cost using either the specific identification method or average cost method. The specific identification method tracks each specific item in inventory by assigning cost individually instead of grouping items together. The average cost method assigns cost to inventory items based on the total cost of goods purchased or produced in a period divided by the total number of items purchased or produced. The Company periodically evaluates the value of items in inventory and records an inventory reserve if any risks arising from slow-moving items, technological obsolescence, or excess inventories are identified. The Company’s inventory reserve was $0.6 million and $0.5 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Other Current Assets: Other Current Assets include miscellaneous deposits and receivables as of December 31, 2025. Other Current Assets as of December 31 2024 primarily consist of a $5.0 million deposit placed into an escrow account in connection with an Operating Subsidiary acquisition that closed during the year ended December 31, 2025.
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net: Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the expected useful lives of the assets, which are as follows:
| Estimated Useful Lives (Years) | ||
| Vehicles |
3 to 6 | |
| Computers, machinery, and equipment |
3 to 20 | |
| Furniture and fixtures |
5 to 12 | |
| Third-party software |
3 to 5 | |
| Buildings |
10 to 50 | |
| Leasehold improvements |
Lesser of estimated useful life or remaining lease term |
Maintenance, repairs, and minor renovations are charged to earnings in the year in which the expense is incurred. Additions, improvements, and major renovations are capitalized. The cost of assets retired or sold, together with the related accumulated depreciation, are derecognized at the time of disposal, and any gain or loss on disposition is credited or charged to earnings.
Debt Issuance Costs: Debt issuance costs associated with the Company’s debt instruments are amortized over the term of the related debt and are included in Other Current Assets, Short-Term Debt and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt, or Long-Term Debt in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Debt issuance costs included in Other Current Assets consist of unamortized warrants issued in connection with the Company’s debt instruments. The warrants are initially capitalized at their fair value and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the debt instrument. See NOTE 10 for a description of the warrants issued by the Company. Amortization expense related to deferred debt issuance costs is recognized in Interest Expense, Net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and was $0.8 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. See NOTE 9 for a description of the Company’s debt instruments.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets: Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of acquired assets, including identifiable intangible assets, and assumed liabilities. The Company assesses goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year and whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may be impaired. Impairment testing for goodwill is performed at the reporting unit level. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying
F-39
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
amount of the reporting unit’s net assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. To test for impairment, the Company utilizes a market approach to calculate the fair value of its reporting units. The Company recognized $19.4 million and $15.6 million of Goodwill Impairment during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. See NOTE 8.
Definite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of trade names, customer related intangible assets, and internally developed software. Definite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. When an asset group may not be recoverable, the Company compares the asset group’s carrying value to its undiscounted future cash flows. If the carrying value of an asset group is not recoverable, an impairment loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value. The Company utilizes a market approach to calculate the fair value of its asset groups when the asset group is not recoverable. The Company recognized $0.8 million and $1.3 million of impairment of definite-lived intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. See NOTE 8. Impairments of definite-lived intangible assets are recognized in Amortization in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Business Combinations: The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires that the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, contractual contingencies, and contingent consideration are recorded at the date of acquisition at their respective fair values. Goodwill is recorded when consideration paid in a business combination exceeds the fair value of the net assets acquired. Amounts recorded in a business combination may change during the measurement period, which is a period not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, as additional information about conditions existing at the acquisition date becomes available. The Company includes the results of operations of the acquired business in the consolidated financial statements prospectively from the date of acquisition.
The valuation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is subject to revision. If additional information about the facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date becomes available, the Company may further revise the purchase price allocation as soon as practical, but no later than one year from the acquisition date; however, material changes are not expected. Goodwill generated by the business combinations is primarily attributable to the strong market position of the companies acquired and their existing customer base.
Acquisition-related costs, including legal, consulting, and contingent transaction fees, are expensed in the periods in which the costs are incurred and are recognized in Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, acquisition-related costs totaled $1.8 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The increase in 2025 was primarily driven by legal costs and contingent transaction fees associated with international acquisitions.
Revenue Recognition: The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the five-step model outlined in ASC 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers:
| 1) | Identify the contract with the customer. |
| 2) | Identify the performance obligations in the contract. |
| 3) | Determine the transaction price. |
| 4) | Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract. |
| 5) | Recognize revenue when or as the entity satisfies a performance obligation. |
The Company generates revenue from the sale of a diverse mix of product and service offerings. The Company recognizes a portion of revenue at a point-in-time and a portion of revenue over-time. See NOTE 3.
F-40
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Leases: The Company leases assets including real estate, vehicles, and equipment. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception for arrangements with an initial term of more than 12 months and classifies it as either a finance or operating lease. The Company records a right of use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability based on the present value of the Company’s estimated future minimum lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recorded for finance and operating leases, and current and non-current amounts of lease liabilities are separately presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Lease terms may include options to extend when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. These judgments may produce materially different amounts of depreciation, amortization, and rent expense than would be reported if different assumed lease terms were used.
If a lease does not provide enough information to determine the implicit interest rate in the agreement, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate in calculating the lease liability. See NOTE 11.
Shipping and Handling Costs: The Company has made an accounting policy election to recognize shipping costs and handling activities as fulfillment costs rather than a separate performance obligation. Shipping and handling costs collected from customers are recognized in Revenue, and the related shipping and handling costs are recognized in Cost of Revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets: The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. If the sum of expected undiscounted net future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of an asset or asset group, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds its fair value. The Company recorded an immaterial amount of long-lived asset impairments related to restructuring activities during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. See NOTE 5.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments: A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The inputs are prioritized into three levels that may be used to measure fair value:
| Level 1: | Inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that are observable. | |
| Level 2: | Inputs that reflect quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. | |
| Level 3: | Inputs that are unobservable to the extent that observable inputs are not available for the asset or liability at the measurement date. | |
The Company’s carrying amounts for financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable, approximate the fair value. Unless otherwise disclosed in NOTE 9, the fair value of the Company’s long-term debt approximates its carrying value based on rates currently offered to the Company for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities by the Company’s lenders.
The Company has liability-classified warrants relating to the issuance of its debt instruments. The Company concluded that the warrants do not meet the criteria to be classified as stockholders’ equity and should be classified as liabilities. These warrants are measured at fair value each reporting period using the Black-Scholes
F-41
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
option-pricing model, with changes in fair value included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The warrants represent Level 3 fair value instruments. See NOTE 10.
Stock-Based Compensation: The Company issues equity awards under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan to certain employees of its parent company. The 2020 Equity Incentive Plan permits the granting of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, and restricted stock units. The Operating Subsidiaries also issue equity awards to their employees in the form of restricted stock.
The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments (typically restricted stock and stock options) based on the grant-date fair value of the awards issued under the plan. All awards issued by the Company are classified as equity. The fair value of stock options is calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, while the fair value of restricted stock is calculated based on the fair value of the Operating Subsidiary’s common shares on the grant date. The resulting compensation expense is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the awards, usually the vesting period. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. See NOTE 14 and NOTE 15.
Insurance Products: The Company self-insures a number of domestic risks, including, but not limited to, certain employee-related healthcare benefits, general liability, property liability, and auto liability. Operating Subsidiaries that utilize the Company’s insurance products pay premiums to Teamshares on a monthly basis. The premium is eliminated in consolidation. The Company mitigates its risk under these self-funded programs by purchasing stop-loss insurance coverage for high-dollar individual claims. The Company is the primary obligor of all claims that are owed to policyholders, including in situations when the Company is entitled to a stop-loss reimbursement.
The Company estimates its exposure for claims incurred but not yet paid at the end of each reporting period by evaluating historical paid claims, average lags between incurred dates, reported dates, and paid dates, as well as the frequency and severity of claims. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had $1.7 million included in Accrued Expenses for claims incurred but not yet paid, and $0.2 million included in Other Current Assets for pending stop-loss reimbursements in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $1.2 million included in Accrued Expenses for claims incurred but not yet paid, and $0.5 million included in Other Current Assets for pending stop-loss reimbursements on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the cost of self-insurance programs was $11.3 million and $6.4 million, respectively, including claims cost and administrative expenses. These costs are recognized in Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Advertising Expense: Advertising costs are expensed in the period incurred and are recognized in Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, advertising expenses were $6.2 million and $6.8 million, respectively.
Post-Retirement Benefits: Teamshares and certain of its Operating Subsidiaries provide employees with post-retirement benefits in the form of 401(k) plans. Certain Operating Subsidiaries provide employer-matching programs for 401(k) contributions, which resulted in $1.8 million and $1.6 million of expenses during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These expenses are recognized in Cost of Revenue or Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Simple Agreements for Future Equity: During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company entered into Simple Agreements for Future Equity (“SAFE Notes”) with unaffiliated investors in exchange for proceeds of $3.0 million. The SAFE Notes have not been converted to equity instruments as of December 31, 2025. SAFE Notes are included in Other Long-Term Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
F-42
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into a SAFE Note with an unaffiliated investor in exchange for proceeds of $10.0 million. In connection with the Series E Preferred Stock issuances during the year ended December 31, 2024, this SAFE Note was converted into 131,015 shares of Series E Preferred Stock. The SAFE Note conversion did not impact the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Income Taxes: Income taxes are computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
The Company records liabilities related to uncertain tax positions when, despite its belief that the tax return positions are supportable, the Company believes that it is more likely than not that those positions may not be fully sustained upon review by tax authorities. Accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized in income tax expense.
Commitments and Contingencies: The Company is involved in various lawsuits or claims in the ordinary course of business. Management believes there are no pending claims or lawsuits which, if adversely determined, would have a material impact on the financial condition of the Company. The Company has contingent consideration relating to earnout arrangements from its acquisition of certain Operating Subsidiaries. In general, the earnout arrangements require the Company to make payments to the former owner based on the performance of the business (typically related to a percentage of revenue or a specified profitability metric) for a specific period of time subsequent to the acquisition date. The Company performs valuations each reporting period to measure the changes in the fair value of these earnouts. See NOTE 10.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had $3.2 million included in Current Liabilities and $6.0 million included in Long-Term Liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to contingent consideration. In comparison, the Company had $1.8 million included in Current Liabilities and $1.9 million included in Long-Term Liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to contingent consideration as of December 31, 2024.
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the change in fair value related to contingent consideration resulted in losses of $1.3 million and $0.1 million in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Sale and Leaseback of Real Estate and Defeasance of Debt: On August 25, 2025, the Company completed a sale and leaseback (the “Sale Leaseback”) of 17 real estate properties. The carrying value of the assets included in the Sale Leaseback was $8.2 million of land and $15.4 million of buildings as of August 25, 2025. The Company agreed to lease these properties back from the counterparty for a period of 20 years. The base rent during the first year of the lease term is $2.6 million. Base rent will increase by 2% annually.
To determine whether the transfer of the property should be accounted for as a sale, the Company evaluated whether the Company transferred control to the counterparty in accordance with the revenue recognition guidance set forth in ASC 606. The transfer was deemed to be a sale at market terms. Therefore, the Company recognized the transaction price for the sale based on the $31.0 million of cash proceeds received, derecognized the carrying amount of the underlying assets and recognized a pretax gain of $7.1 million. The gain is recognized in Loss (Gain) on Disposition of Assets in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The real estate leases that the Company leased back are classified as Operating Leases. As of December 31, 2025, the Company included $18.8 million within Operating Lease Right of Use Assets, Net, $0.3 million within Current Portion of Operating Lease Obligations, and $18.7 million within Long-Term Operating Lease Obligations related to these Operating Leases.
F-43
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Prior to the closing of the Sale Leaseback, the real estate assets included in the Sale Leaseback were pledged as collateral for the Real Estate Loans. See NOTE 9. Upon the closing of the Sale Leaseback, the Company remitted $19.4 million of the proceeds to an irrevocable trust owned by a third party. The Company was legally released from being the primary obligor under the Real Estate Loans. This constituted a legal defeasance (the “Defeasance”), and the Real Estate Loans were extinguished. The Company recognized a pretax loss of $2.8 million on the extinguishment of the Real Estate Loans. The loss is recognized in Loss on Extinguishment of Debt in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements for Correction of Immaterial Error: The Company adjusted the previously issued comparative cash flow statement for the year-ended December 31, 2024, to remove $5.4 million of Issuance of Seller Notes from Cash Flows From Financing Activities and adjust Business Acquisitions, Net of Cash Received from $(31.8) million to $(26.4) million within Cash Flows From Investing Activities. This error related to an immaterial misclassification of the issuance of seller notes as a cash inflow.
New Accounting Pronouncement Not Adopted as of December 31, 2024: In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which intends to provide investors with enhanced information about an entity’s income taxes by requiring disclosure of items such as disaggregation of the effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information regarding income taxes paid. This ASU will result in additional disclosures for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, with early adoption permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued. This ASU will result in additional disclosures beginning with our 2026 annual reporting.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires incremental disclosures about specific expense categories, including but not limited to, purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization and selling expenses. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted and the amendments may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. Management is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company’s disclosures. The amendments only impact disclosures and are not expected to have an impact on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-06, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software, to modernize the accounting for software costs, including updating guidance on the recognition and measurement of costs incurred in connection with development and implementation activities related to internal-use software. The standard is effective for all entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted, and entities may apply the standard prospectively or retrospectively. Management is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new standard on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Other new accounting pronouncements issued but not effective until after December 31, 2025, are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
NOTE 3 – Revenue
The Operating Subsidiaries operate in a variety of industries and generate revenue from the sale of a diverse mix of product and service offerings. Operating Subsidiaries are not concentrated in a specific industry or
F-44
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
geographical region. The Company disaggregates its revenue between sales of products and sales of services in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. There are no material extended payment terms extended to Operating Subsidiary customers.
Operating Subsidiaries that sell products consist primarily of retailers, wholesalers, restaurants, and distributors of tangible products. Predominantly all of these Operating Subsidiaries’ customer arrangements contain a single performance obligation to transfer tangible products. Revenue is recognized when control of tangible products transfers to customers, which coincides with customer acceptance, product shipment, or product delivery, depending on the terms of the arrangement. Transfer of control occurs when legal title, physical possession, and the risks and rewards of ownership transfer to the customer.
Operating Subsidiaries that sell services primarily perform short-term residential and commercial installation and improvement projects, appliance and automotive repair services, and other miscellaneous professional services. Predominantly all of these Operating Subsidiaries’ customer arrangements contain a single performance obligation to deliver the contracted service, and predominantly all of the contracted services are completed over a period of less than one month. The Company generally recognizes revenue from the sale of services as the services are performed over time, which corresponds with the transfer of control to the customer.
The right to invoice practical expedient is utilized when the Company’s right to consideration corresponds directly with the value transferred to the customer. The Company is not required to estimate variable consideration when the right to invoice practical expedient is utilized. When the practical expedient is not available, revenue is recognized over time using a measure of progress that accurately depicts the Company’s performance in transferring control of the promised goods or services, generally with a cost-to-cost input method.
At times, the Company has a right to payment from previous performance that is conditional on something other than the passage of time, such as billings that are contingent on work completed by others, and certain unbilled receivables, which are recognized as Contract Assets. Contract Assets are included in Accounts Receivable, Net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and were $1.2 million and $0.4 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Contract liabilities consist of payments received from customers in advance of the Company providing the product or performing services such that control has not passed to the customer. Contract liabilities are included in Deferred Revenue on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and were $10.1 million and $7.1 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized $6.1 million of revenue that was included in deferred revenue as of December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $6.9 million of revenue that was included in deferred revenue as of December 31, 2023.
The Company is the principal in predominantly all of its transactions with customers because it controls the specified product or service before that product or service is transferred to a customer. In these transactions, the Company recognizes revenue in the gross amount of consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for the specified product or service transferred to a customer. In transactions in which the Company is the agent because it does not control the product or service that is transferred to a customer, the Company recognizes revenue in the amount of any fee or commission to which it expects to be entitled.
The Company assesses each contract for variable consideration. The Company does not estimate variable consideration related to warranty, return and refund obligations as it is minimal and considered immaterial in the aggregate. The Company does not account for warranty liabilities relating to sales with customers since the total
F-45
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
warranty obligation arising from sales with customers is immaterial. The Company primarily has assurance-type warranties that do not result in a separate performance obligation.
The Company applies the practical expedient related to costs of obtaining a contract by expensing sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less as the Company does not have material contracts with amortization periods greater than one year.
NOTE 4 – Business Combinations
During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the Company completed nine and seven business combinations. All business combinations completed during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were individually insignificant. The business combinations that were completed during the year ended December 31, 2025 included three international Operating Subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2024, all Operating Subsidiaries were domiciled in the United States.
The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method, and accordingly, the purchase price has been allocated based upon the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
The following table summarizes the estimated acquisition date fair values of the aggregate assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 (dollars in thousands):
| For the Years Ended | ||||||||
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Consideration: |
||||||||
| Cash |
$ | 95,419 | $ | 24,532 | ||||
| Former Owner Bridge Loan |
13,000 | — | ||||||
| Seller Notes at fair value |
16,157 | 3,389 | ||||||
| Contingent consideration |
6,182 | 350 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total consideration transferred |
$ | 130,757 | $ | 28,271 | ||||
| Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed: |
||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents |
9,159 | 1,109 | ||||||
| Accounts receivable |
2,831 | 601 | ||||||
| Inventory |
14,689 | 6,243 | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses & other assets |
5,469 | 150 | ||||||
| Trade names |
5,573 | 1,412 | ||||||
| Customer related intangibles |
6,080 | — | ||||||
| Property, plant, and equipment |
6,964 | 2,598 | ||||||
| Real estate |
3,604 | — | ||||||
| Right of use assets |
32,946 | 9,236 | ||||||
| Accounts payable & accrued liabilities |
(19,875 | ) | (2,860 | ) | ||||
| Lease liabilities |
(32,946 | ) | (9,236 | ) | ||||
| Other liabilities |
(4,075 | ) | — | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total identifiable assets acquired, net |
30,418 | 9,252 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Goodwill |
$ | 100,339 | $ | 19,018 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
F-46
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Seller Notes and the Former Owner Bridge Loan are forms of noncash consideration paid to the sellers of certain businesses, and are therefore a non-cash investing activity. See NOTE 9. The principal balance of the Seller Notes included in the table above was $20.6 million and $5.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The fair value of the Former Owner Bridge Loan approximates its principal balance.
The Company initially acquired 100% of the voting equity interests of all of the Operating Subsidiaries acquired during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company owns preferred stock in each acquired Operating Subsidiary, and the preferred stock owned by the Company has a liquidation preference over common stockholders of each Operating Subsidiary in case of a liquidation event. The liquidation preference is equal to the price per share on the acquisition date adjusted for any additional contributions, stock splits, stock dividends, or similar transactions. The Company also controls the board of directors for each of the Operating Subsidiaries.
Certain historical acquisitions prior to 2023 were acquired for 90% in cash and the issuance of preferred stock to the former owners equal to 10% of all the issued and outstanding stock of the Operating Subsidiaries, calculated on a fully diluted and as-converted basis (the “Rollover Shares”), as of the acquisition date. Rollover Shares are classified as Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests outside of permanent equity in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company paid $1.4 million to repurchase Rollover Shares held by the former owners of certain Operating Subsidiaries. In comparison, during the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company paid $2.3 million to repurchase Rollover Shares held by the former owners of certain Operating Subsidiaries.
The acquisitions completed during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were funded by borrowings under the Company’s credit facilities, cash on hand, and the issuance of debt. See NOTE 9.
The business combinations resulted in goodwill totaling $100.3 million and $19.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. All of the goodwill that was acquired during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was assigned to the Small Business Acquisitions reportable segment. Of the goodwill generated from these business combinations, $51.4 million and $12.3 million is deductible for tax purposes, while $48.9 million and $6.7 million of the generated goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The determination of the final purchase price allocation to specific assets acquired and liabilities assumed may be subject to change during the measurement period up to one year following the acquisition date.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company did not record any material measurement period adjustments to Operating Subsidiaries acquired during the year ended December 31, 2024.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized $79.4 million of Revenue and $7.1 million of Net Income Attributable to Teamshares Inc. in the Consolidated Statements of Operations related to the 9 Operating Subsidiaries acquired during 2025.
The Company recognized $35.3 million of Revenue and $4.9 million of Net Income Attributable to Teamshares Inc. in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2025, and $11.4 million of revenue and $1.4 million of Net Income Attributable to Teamshares Inc. in the Consolidated Statements of Operations related to the 7 Operating Subsidiaries acquired during the year ended December 31, 2024.
F-47
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
The following summarizes the unaudited pro forma condensed financial information of the Company as if all business combinations during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 had occurred on January 1, 2024 (dollars in thousands):
| December 31, 2025 (Unaudited) |
December 31, 2024 (Unaudited) |
|||||||
| Revenues |
$ | 541,344 | $ | 563,618 | ||||
| Loss from Operations (1) |
(15,349 | ) | (32,531 | ) | ||||
| Net loss (2) |
(54,612 | ) | (65,994 | ) | ||||
| (1) | Pro forma adjustments increased Depreciation by $0.6 million and Amortization by $0.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Pro forma adjustments increased Depreciation by $1.7 million and Amortization by $0.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the Consolidated Statement of Operations. |
| (2) | Pro forma adjustments increased Interest Expense, Net by $4.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Pro forma adjustments increased Interest Expense, Net by $7.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Pro forma adjustments did not impact Income Tax Expense during the years ended December 31, 2025 or 2024. |
Earnout Agreements
The Company has contingent consideration liabilities related to earnout agreements in certain of its business combinations. The terms of the earnout agreements vary but typically consist of a payout equal to a future percentage of a financial metric (typically revenue or a specified profitability metric) for a determined period of time (usually 1-6 years subsequent to the acquisition date). The Company estimates the future consideration payable related to the earnout agreements and includes it as a current or long-term contingent consideration liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes to the fair value of the earnouts are recognized in Non-Operating (Expense) Income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the fair value of the contingent consideration liability related to the earnout agreements was $9.2 million and $3.7 million. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, $3.2 million and $1.8 million is considered a current liability expected to be paid out in the next year, and $6.0 million and $1.9 million is considered a long-term liability expected to be paid out more than a year from the reporting date. The Company recognized losses of $1.3 million and $0.1 million related to the changes in fair value of the earnout agreements during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had 31 Operating Subsidiaries with contingent consideration liabilities, which all contain a cap on the maximum amount of contingent consideration payable. As of December 31, 2025, the maximum amount of contingent consideration payable in the future for the 31 Operating Subsidiaries totaled $34.0 million.
During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the Company made payments related to the earnout agreements of $2.1 million and $3.8 million. Contingent consideration payments were not made soon after the applicable acquisition date and therefore are recognized as financing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, up to the estimated fair value of the obligation as of the acquisition date. Payments in excess of the original acquisition date fair value are recognized as operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company recognized $1.5 million and $2.2 million of payments related to earnout agreements as operating activities, and $0.5 million and $1.6 million of payments related to earnout agreements as financing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
F-48
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
NOTE 5 – Restructuring
The Company incurred $1.0 million and $2.6 million of restructuring costs related to employee termination benefits to support corporate cost reduction initiatives during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Expenses related to employee termination benefits are recognized in Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Ten Operating Subsidiaries within the Small Business Acquisitions reportable segment ceased operations during the year ended December 31, 2025, and three Operating Subsidiaries within the Small Business Acquisitions reportable segment ceased operations during the year ended December 31, 2024. These Operating Subsidiaries ceased operations based on the Company’s assessment of their business performance and outlook. These Operating Subsidiaries primarily relate to businesses that no longer meet the Company’s underwriting criteria, including fixed price construction and subscale businesses.
NOTE 6 – Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Raw materials |
$ | 1,439 | $ | 1,469 | ||||
| Work in process |
886 | 572 | ||||||
| Finished goods |
44,079 | 28,222 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total inventories |
$ | 46,405 | $ | 30,263 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
NOTE 7 – Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net
Property, plant, and equipment, net consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Vehicles |
$ | 9,003 | $ | 9,517 | ||||
| Computers and equipment |
11,697 | 10,495 | ||||||
| Furniture and fixtures |
4,228 | 2,958 | ||||||
| Third-party software |
2,077 | 910 | ||||||
| Leasehold improvements |
10,148 | 6,097 | ||||||
| Buildings |
3,196 | 18,141 | ||||||
| Land |
3,484 | 9,105 | ||||||
| Other fixed assets |
905 | 489 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total property, plant, and equipment, gross |
44,737 | 57,712 | ||||||
| Less: Accumulated depreciation |
(14,694 | ) | (12,673 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total property, plant, and equipment, net |
$ | 30,043 | $ | 45,039 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
F-49
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment was $5.2 million and $5.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. This includes $2.2 million and $1.7 million of depreciation expense recognized in Cost of Revenue during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
NOTE 8 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
Goodwill arising from acquisitions primarily relates to the reputation the Operating Subsidiaries have established within local communities, strength of their customer bases, and assembled workforce that will remain after the business combination is completed.
The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of the Company’s goodwill. All goodwill is reported within the Small Business Acquisitions segment (dollars in thousands):
| Balance at January 1, 2024 |
$ | 160,069 | ||
| Goodwill as a result of acquisitions |
19,018 | |||
| Purchase accounting adjustments |
217 | |||
| Goodwill impairment |
(15,645 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Balance at December 31, 2024 |
$ | 163,658 | ||
| Goodwill as a result of acquisitions |
100,339 | |||
| Purchase accounting adjustments |
(173 | ) | ||
| Goodwill impairment |
(19,412 | ) | ||
| Currency translation |
331 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Balance at December 31, 2025 |
$ | 244,743 | ||
|
|
|
During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized Goodwill Impairment related to persistent declines in the financial performance of certain Operating Subsidiaries.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets primarily consist of trade names, customer-related intangible assets, and internally developed software. The internally developed software relates to proprietary software platforms utilized by Operating Subsidiaries and corporate. The Company does not have any definitive plans to sell or license these platforms to third parties in the near future. Internally developed software is amortized on a straight-line basis over 3 years. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the Company recognized $3.8 million and $3.3 million of amortization expense relating to internally developed software.
Acquired trade names represent a target’s portfolio of marketing intangible assets. The Company values trade name intangible assets using a benchmarking method. Acquired trade names are amortized over a 10-year useful life using the straight-line amortization method. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the Company recognized $2.1 million and $2.0 million of amortization expense related to trade names.
The amortization expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, includes $0.8 million and $1.3 million of definite-lived intangible asset impairment charges.
Customer-related intangible assets consist of contractual and non-contractual customer relationships. The Company estimates the fair values of acquired customer-related intangible assets as of their acquisition dates
F-50
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
using an income approach. Acquired customer-related intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line amortization method. All of the customer related intangible assets that were acquired during the year ended December 31, 2025 were acquired near the end of the year. Therefore, the Company did not recognize any amortization expense related to customer-related intangible assets during the year ended December 31, 2025.
Intangible assets consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
| As of December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Net Asset | ||||||||||
| Trade names |
$ | 15,453 | $ | (3,855 | ) | $ | 11,598 | |||||
| Internally developed software |
15,872 | (9,102 | ) | 6,769 | ||||||||
| Customer related intangibles |
6,080 | — | 6,080 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Total |
$ | 37,405 | $ | (12,957 | ) | $ | 24,447 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| As of December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Net Asset | ||||||||||
| Trade names |
$ | 12,594 | $ | (4,051 | ) | $ | 8,542 | |||||
| Internally developed software |
13,108 | (5,285 | ) | 7,823 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Total |
$ | 25,702 | $ | (9,336 | ) | $ | 16,365 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Estimated annual amortization expense for intangible assets for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows (dollars in thousands):
| 2026 |
$ | 6,521 | ||
| 2027 |
4,197 | |||
| 2028 |
3,273 | |||
| 2029 |
2,955 | |||
| 2030 |
2,055 | |||
| Thereafter |
5,448 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total |
$ | 24,447 | ||
|
|
|
F-51
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
NOTE 9 – Debt
Debt of the Company consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| i80 Facility |
$ | 153,377 | $ | 153,377 | ||||
| Single Company Term Loans |
61,510 | — | ||||||
| HBC Credit Facility |
31,250 | — | ||||||
| TDC Loans |
15,375 | — | ||||||
| Former Owner Bridge Loan |
10,000 | — | ||||||
| Real Estate Loans |
— | 17,702 | ||||||
| Sound Point Facility |
— | 3,801 | ||||||
| Vehicle and equipment notes |
4,838 | 2,685 | ||||||
| Seller Notes |
29,840 | 10,120 | ||||||
| Less: Debt issuance costs |
(2,842 | ) | (2,559 | ) | ||||
| Less: Discounts |
(11,802 | ) | (3,847 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total debt, net |
291,546 | 181,279 | ||||||
| Current maturities |
206,982 | 1,111 | ||||||
| Less: Debt issuance costs |
(1,585 | ) | — | |||||
| Less: Discounts |
(5,250 | ) | — | |||||
| Total Short-Term Debt and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt |
200,147 | 1,111 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total long-term debt |
$ | 91,399 | $ | 180,168 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
i80 Facility
On May 4, 2021, Teamshares Continuity Holdings LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Teamshares, entered into a credit facility with i80 Group LLC, as the lender (the “i80 Facility”) and Westmount Group LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of i80 Group LLC, as the administrative and collateral agent. The Credit Facility provides up to $150 million of committed capital from the lender and matures on December 5, 2026. The Company issued Series B-1 and C-1 warrants to i80 Group LLC in connection with the closing, and a subsequent amendment, of the credit facility. See NOTE 10. Borrowings under the credit facility are primarily used to fund business acquisitions subject to eligibility requirements. The credit facility requires the Company to maintain a Collateral Account and a Collection Account. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the Collateral Account held balances of $6.4 million and $8.6 million, and the Collection Account held balances of $4.8 million and $13.2 million.
Amounts outstanding under the i80 Facility accrue interest at the lesser of: three-month CME Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 11% (the “i80 Rate”), payable in cash on the fifteenth of each month. Any percentage of the i80 Rate in excess of 16%, is accrued as an increase to the aggregate principal amount outstanding under the i80 Facility (”PIK Interest”). The Company may elect to pay the PIK Interest in cash. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the weighted average interest rate on borrowings under the i80 Facility was 15.2% and 16.1%.
The i80 Facility allows the Company to borrow an amount equal to unrestricted cash of the pledged businesses plus the lesser of: (i) up to 95% of its investment in acquired businesses or (ii) EBITDA generated by all pledged businesses multiplied by 3.5, subject to certain eligibility criteria and other adjustments. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had drawn $150.0 million, accrued $3.4 million of principal related to PIK Interest, and had no availability under the i80 Facility. Unamortized debt issuance costs, excluding the warrants,
F-52
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
associated with the issuance and amendments to the i80 Facility were $0.5 million and $0.6 million as of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Obligations under the i80 Facility are secured by the assets and capital stock of the Operating Subsidiaries that are pledged as collateral. The i80 Facility includes representations and warranties, and affirmative and negative covenants, including but not limited to, maintaining an unrestricted and unencumbered cash and cash equivalents balance of $5.0 million or higher (including 50% of the amount on deposit in the debt service reserve account), and a weighted average EBITDA yield of 18% and free cash flow yield of 15% for the portfolio of eligible businesses pledged as collateral under the i80 Facility. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants.
Single Company Term Loans
The Company has 6 outstanding term loans (“Single Company Term Loans”). Each term loan was used to finance the acquisition of an individual Operating Subsidiary during the year ended December 31, 2025, and is collateralized by the assets of the Operating Subsidiary that it was used to acquire. The total outstanding principal balance of Single Company Term Loans was $61.5 million as of December 31, 2025. Single Company Term Loan payments are split between principal and interest based on the terms of the arrangement. As of December 31, 2025, the Company has included $12.4 million in Short-Term Debt and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to Single Company Term Loan principal payments that are due within the next twelve months. As of December 31, 2025, the Company has included $49.1 million in Long-Term Debt, Net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Single Company Term Loans outstanding as of December 31, 2025 have maturity dates ranging from December 31, 2026 to December 22, 2032. As of December 31, 2025, the weighted average interest rates on Single Company Term Loans was 6.8%.
HBC Financing Arrangement
On December 23, 2025, certain subsidiaries of Teamshares entered into a secured term loan credit agreement with HBC Financing Partners Blocker LLC (“HBC”), providing for term loan commitments in an aggregate principal amount of $30.3 million (“HBC Credit Facility”). Obligations under the HBC Credit Facility are secured by the assets and capital stock of the Operating Subsidiaries that are pledged as collateral. The Company received proceeds of $25.0 million and recognized a debt discount of $5.3 million. Additionally, the Company recognized debt issuance costs of $0.5 million in connection with the transaction. The HBC Credit Facility does not accrue interest until June 23, 2026. Beginning on June 23, 2026, the HBC Credit Facility accrues interest at a rate of 15% per annum payable on the last business day of each calendar month. The proceeds from the HBC Credit Facility were utilized to fund business acquisitions, refinance the Sound Point Credit Facility, and to finance working capital and general corporate purposes. The fair value of the HBC Credit Facility approximates its principal amount as of December 31, 2025.
The original maturity date of the HBC Credit Facility was the earliest of: i) December 23, 2026, 2) the date on which the SPAC Merger is consummated, 3) the date on which the Merger Agreement is terminated, or 4) unless a Registration Statement on Form S-4 in connection with the SPAC Merger has been declared effective, the date that is 60 days prior to the Outside Date. The Outside Date is defined in the Merger Agreement as the date of May 31, 2026, or an applicable later date if extended pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement. In March 2026, the Company and HBC amended the maturity date of the HBC Credit Facility. See NOTE 19. The Company may voluntarily prepay the HBC Credit Facility without a prepayment penalty. If the Company issues
F-53
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
any additional indebtedness not expressly permitted in the HBC Credit Facility, the Company is required to prepay an aggregate principal amount of the HBC Credit Facility equal to 100% of the net cash proceeds received from the indebtedness. If the Company consummates an equity issuance resulting in net cash proceeds in excess of $25 million, the Company is required to prepay an aggregate principal amount of the HBC Credit Facility equal to 50% of all cash proceeds exceeding $25 million. Mandatory prepayments may also be required in the event of significant dispositions or significant cash receipts not in the ordinary course of business. The HBC Credit Facility includes representations and warranties, and affirmative and negative covenants, including but not limited to, maintaining an unrestricted and unencumbered cash and cash equivalents balance of at least $5.0 million
As additional consideration for entering into the Credit Agreement, the Company agreed to pay HBC $1.0 million in cash, or an equivalent value of shares of common stock in the Combined Company, following the closing of the SPAC Merger. The Combined Company has the option to transfer cash or shares. If the SPAC Merger does not close within one year of the closing date of the HBC Credit Facility, then the Company agreed to pay HBC $1.0 million in cash. The Company recognized $1.0 million of deferred financing costs in connection with this obligation and recorded a corresponding liability.
Teamshares Dependable Capital
During the year ended December 31, 2025, Teamshares Dependable Capital LLC (“TDC”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Teamshares, entered into loan agreements (“TDC Loans”) with certain parties that resulted in net proceeds of $15.4 million. TDC owns equity interests in certain of the Operating Subsidiaries acquired during 2025. The loans bear interest at 12% per annum, payable quarterly in cash, plus an additional 6% per annum PIK interest, compounded quarterly. The loans mature on June 30, 2027, and may be prepaid at any time subject to a 3% prepayment fee. The counterparties to $6.3 million of the loans include members of the Company’s management and board of directors. See NOTE 18. In connection with the TDC Loans, the lenders received 15,558 warrants (“Series E-1”). See NOTE 10.
Former Owner Bridge Loan
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the acquisition of one Operating Subsidiary was financed with a loan to the sellers of the business (the “Former Owner Bridge Loan”). The original principal amount of this loan was $13.0 million. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company received a $3.0 million loan from three executives of the Company. The proceeds of this loan were used to repay $3.0 million of the Former Owner Bridge Loan. The $3.0 million of loans from the Company’s executives were subsequently converted to TDC Loans that remain outstanding as of December 31, 2025.
The remaining principal balance of the Former Owner Bridge Loan was $10.0 million as of December 31, 2025. The Company is required to pay $8.0 million of the outstanding principal to the lenders on March 31, 2026. This balance is included in Short-Term Debt and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The remaining principal balance matures on March 31, 2027. The loan bears interest at 12% per annum, payable monthly in cash.
Real Estate Loans
On June 22, 2023, certain subsidiaries of Teamshares that held real estate (“PropCos”) entered into a loan agreement with Barclays Capital Real Estate Inc. as the lender (“Real Estate Loans”). As of December 31, 2024, the Company had borrowed $17.7 million under the agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the
F-54
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Company sold 17 real estate assets in connection with the Sale Leaseback and extinguished the Real Estate Loans. See NOTE 2. The Company recognized a pretax $2.8 million loss on the extinguishment of the Real Estate Loans, which is recognized in Loss on Extinguishment of Debt in the Consolidated Statements of Operations Prior to extinguishment, amounts outstanding under the Real Estate Loans accrued interest at a rate of 7.6% payable in cash on a monthly basis. The Real Estate Loans had an original maturity date of July 6, 2028.
Sound Point Facility
On December 21, 2023, Teamshares Holdings, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Teamshares, entered into a credit facility (“Sound Point Facility”) with Sound Point Agency LLC (”Sound Point”), as the lender, administrative, and collateral agent. The Sound Point Facility had a maturity date of 60 months from the closing date. The Company issued warrants to Sound Point (Series D-1) in connection with the closing of the Sound Point Facility. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had drawn $3.7 million on the Sound Point Facility. The Company drew an additional $3.2 million on the Sound Point Facility during the year ended December 31, 2025.
On December 24, 2025, the Company paid $7.1 million to fully extinguish the Sound Point Facility, including accrued interest. The Company recognized $1.7 million of unamortized deferred financing costs within Loss on Extinguishment of Debt, Net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Upon extinguishment, $0.9 million held in a Collateral Account was released to the Company.
Prior to extinguishment, amounts outstanding under the Sound Point Facility accrued interest at the one-month SOFR plus 9%, payable on the twenty-fifth day of each month. Any percentage in excess of 11% may be paid in cash or accrued as an increase to the aggregate principal amount outstanding under the Sound Point Facility. As of December 31, 2024, the weighted average interest rate on borrowings under the Sound Point Facility was 14.1%.
Seller Notes
In certain acquisitions, the Company has issued notes payable to the sellers (“Seller Notes”) of businesses. Certain of these notes remain outstanding as of December 31, 2025. The Seller Notes outstanding as of December 31, 2025 include regularly scheduled interest payments at rates ranging from 5.0% to 12.0%, and maturity dates ranging from 2026 to 2035.
The principal balance of outstanding Seller Notes was $29.9 million and $10.1 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Seller Notes are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets net of unamortized discounts. The carrying value of Seller Notes was $23.3 million and $6.3 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The carrying value of Seller Notes approximates their fair value.
The fair value of Seller Notes is considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy due to pricing inputs that are less observable in the marketplace combined with management judgment required for the assumptions underlying the calculation of value. Certain Seller Notes bear interest at rates that differ from current market yields, which generally results in a fair value that is less than face amount. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the weighted average interest rates on Seller Notes were 7.1% and 5.6%.
Vehicle and Equipment Loans
The Company’s subsidiaries have various loans for vehicles and equipment used in the normal course of business. The terms are generally five to six years in length and the loans bear interest at agreed upon rates. The
F-55
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
loans require monthly principal and interest payments to be made for each vehicle. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, there was $4.8 million and $2.6 million of vehicle and equipment loans outstanding.
Future maturities of long-term debt for the next five years and thereafter as of December 31, 2025 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
| 2026 |
$ | 206,982 | ||
| 2027 |
23,009 | |||
| 2028 |
10,793 | |||
| 2029 |
13,190 | |||
| 2030 |
32,777 | |||
| Thereafter |
19,439 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total |
$ | 306,190 | ||
|
|
|
If the Company fails to comply with any covenants, payments, or other terms of its debt agreements, and such failure constitutes an event of default, the lender would have the right to declare all borrowings outstanding, together with accrued and unpaid interest and fees, to be immediately due and payable.
NOTE 10 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of the financial assets and liabilities are included at the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced liquidation sale.
The fair value of financial liabilities included in Short-Term Debt and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt and Long-Term Debt, Net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate the carrying value of the instrument, unless otherwise disclosed in NOTE 9. The fair value of debt instruments were estimated using an income approach and are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy due to pricing inputs that are less observable in the marketplace combined with management judgment required for the assumptions underlying the calculation of value.
The Company has assessed that the fair value of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, trade payables, and other liabilities approximate carrying amounts largely due to the short-term maturities or recent commencement of these instruments.
Recurring fair value measurements
Level 3 Disclosures:
Warrants
The Company issued warrants to i80 Group LLC in May 2021 (Series B-1) in connection with the closing of the i80 Facility and January 2022 (Series C-1) in connection with an amendment to the i80 Facility. In December 2023, the Company issued warrants (Series D-1) to Sound Point Agency LLC in connection with the closing of the Sound Point Facility (“Sound Point Warrants”). The Sound Point Warrants vest based on the highest aggregate commitment from lenders through the draw period under the Sound Point Facility up to the total targeted commitment of $150 million. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were 24,565 vested warrants. The Company issued warrants (Series E-1) to counterparties to TDC Loans during the year ended December 31, 2025.
F-56
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Warrants are initially capitalized at their fair value as an asset and a corresponding Warrant Liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount capitalized as an asset is considered a deferred financing cost, and is amortized to Interest Expense, Net on a straight-line basis over the term of the related debt instrument. If the related credit facility is repaid or otherwise extinguished prior to maturity, any unamortized deferred financing costs are written off to Loss on Extinguishment of Debt in the period of repayment. The Warrant Liability is recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets with changes in fair value recognized in Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The tables below summarize the outstanding warrants:
| As of December 31, 2025 | As of December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||
| Warrants Outstanding |
Fair Value Per Warrant |
Warrants Outstanding |
Fair Value Per Warrant |
|||||||||||||
| Series B-1 |
77,258 | $ | 27.31 | 77,258 | $ | 40.33 | ||||||||||
| Series C-1 |
76,394 | 6.09 | 76,394 | 30.80 | ||||||||||||
| Series D-1 |
49,130 | 9.28 | 49,130 | 37.77 | ||||||||||||
| Series E-1 |
15,558 | 7.64 | — | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| 218,340 | 202,782 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
The fair value of outstanding warrants is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy due to the use of
pricing inputs that are less observable in the marketplace combined with management judgment required for the assumptions underlying the calculation of value. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company determined the estimated fair value of all outstanding warrants using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model across scenarios reflecting both the consummation of the SPAC Merger as well as on a going-concern basis. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company estimated the fair value of all outstanding warrants using the Black-Scholes model on a going-concern basis.
The table below summarizes the weighted average inputs across the two scenarios used to calculate the fair value of the warrants as of December 31, 2025:
| Series B-1 |
Series C-1 |
Series D-1 |
Series E-1 |
|||||||||||||
| Exercise price |
$ | 16.50 | $ | 47.12 | $ | 76.33 | $ | 76.33 | ||||||||
| Stock price |
$ | 43.14 | $ | 46.31 | $ | 71.55 | $ | 71.55 | ||||||||
| Expected remaining term (in years) |
0.77 | 0.95 | 1.43 | 0.89 | ||||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate |
3.65 | % | 3.68 | % | 3.70 | % | 3.65 | % | ||||||||
| Expected volatility |
40.00 | % | 40.00 | % | 40.00 | % | 40.00 | % | ||||||||
| Expected vesting percentage |
N/A | N/A | 50.00 | % | N/A | |||||||||||
The table below summarizes the inputs used to calculate the fair value of the warrants as of December 31, 2024:
| Series B-1 |
Series C-1 |
Series D-1 |
||||||||||
| Exercise price |
$ | 16.50 | $ | 47.12 | $ | 76.33 | ||||||
| Stock price |
$ | 54.26 | $ | 63.73 | $ | 76.33 | ||||||
| Expected remaining term (in years) |
3.34 | 4.06 | 5.98 | |||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate |
4.30 | % | 4.30 | % | 4.40 | % | ||||||
| Expected volatility |
40.00 | % | 40.00 | % | 45.00 | % | ||||||
| Expected vesting percentage |
N/A | N/A | 62.50 | % | ||||||||
F-57
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
The following table presents changes in the warrant liability for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 (dollars in thousands):
| Balance at January 1, 2024 |
$ | 7,323 | ||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |
(702 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Balance at December 31, 2024 |
$ | 6,620 | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Issuance of E-1 warrants |
258 | |||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |
(3,956 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Balance at December 31, 2025 |
$ | 2,922 | ||
|
|
|
Contingent Consideration
The Company has earnout clauses embedded within certain purchase agreements for acquired Operating Subsidiaries. The contingent consideration in the earnout agreements is contingent on certain future financial metrics being achieved for a certain period of time. The earnout liabilities are recorded at fair value as Contingent Consideration in the Consolidated Balance Sheets with the changes in fair value recognized in earnings each reporting period. For additional detail regarding the earnout agreements, see NOTE 2 and NOTE 4.
The fair value of the contingent consideration is considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy due to pricing inputs that are less observable in the marketplace combined with management judgment required for the assumptions underlying the calculation of value. The Company calculated the fair value of the contingent consideration using a Monte Carlo simulation model.
The following table presents changes in contingent consideration liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 (dollars in thousands):
| Balance at January 1, 2024 |
$ | 7,077 | ||
| Earnouts for 2024 business combinations |
339 | |||
| Change in fair value of earnout consideration |
91 | |||
| Earnout payments made in period |
(3,758 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Balance at December 31, 2024 |
$ | 3,748 | ||
| Earnouts for 2025 business combinations |
6,182 | |||
| Change in fair value of earnout consideration |
1,326 | |||
| Earnout payments made in period |
(2,060 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Balance at December 31, 2025 |
$ | 9,195 | ||
|
|
|
The Monte Carlo simulation model uses inputs and assumptions to measure the fair value of the contingent consideration that includes metric volatility, risk-free rate, metric discount rate, and Teamshares’ discount rate. The table below summarizes the inputs used to calculate the fair value of the contingent consideration as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Metric volatility (range for different acquisitions) |
1 - 55 | % | 1 - 55 | % | ||||
| Risk-free rate (range for different acquisitions) |
0.0 - 3.7 | % | 4.2 - 4.4 | % | ||||
| Metric discount rate (range for different acquisitions) |
3.5 - 26.0 | % | 4.8 - 27.3 | % | ||||
| Teamshares discount rate |
13.3 | % | 13.3 | % | ||||
| Term (in years) |
4 - 7 | 3 - 7 | ||||||
F-58
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
There were no transfers of financial instruments between the three levels of the fair value hierarchy during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
NOTE 11 – Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception and recognizes the corresponding right-of-use assets and lease liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company primarily leases real estate, vehicles, and equipment.
The ROU asset and lease liability are initially measured at the present value of future lease payments, discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate is estimated using the borrowing rate on the Company’s debt instruments and movements in the average spread on comparable publicly traded corporate debt.
The ROU asset and lease liability are calculated including options to extend the lease when the Company determines that it is reasonably certain that it will exercise those options.
The Company has elected to not separate lease components from non-lease components for all asset classes. The Company made an accounting policy election to not recognize an ROU asset and lease liability for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less and will recognize payments for such leases in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company also made an accounting policy election, related to leases acquired through acquisitions, to not recognize an ROU asset and lease liability for acquired leases that have a remaining lease term of 12 months or less at the acquisition date.
Operating leases were included on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows (dollars in thousands):
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Operating Leases: |
||||||||
| Operating lease right of use assets, net |
$ | 93,586 | $ | 50,988 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Current portion of operating lease obligations |
$ | 8,524 | $ | 5,920 | ||||
| Long-term operating lease obligations |
88,144 | 48,070 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total lease liability |
$ | 96,668 | $ | 53,990 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years) |
12.0 | 7.6 | ||||||
| Weighted average discount rate |
13.94 | % | 14.66 | % | ||||
As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet included $1.3 million in net ROU assets and $1.3 million in total lease liabilities related to finance leases, including $0.4 million in current liabilities and $0.9 million in long-term liabilities. As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet included $0.9 million in net ROU assets and $0.9 million in total lease liabilities related to finance leases, including $0.2 million in current liabilities and $0.7 million in long-term liabilities.Finance lease ROU assets are presented within Other Assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The current portion of finance lease liabilities are presented within Other current liabilities, and the non-current portion of finance lease liabilities are presented in Other Long-Term Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
F-59
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
The components of operating lease expense were as follows (dollars in thousands):
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Operating lease cost |
$ | 17,499 | $ | 12,641 | ||||
| Short-term lease costs |
2,890 | 2,303 | ||||||
| Variable lease expense |
3,035 | 1,551 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total operating lease expense, net |
$ | 23,425 | $ | 16,496 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Finance lease expense for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $0.7 million and included $0.5 million in amortization expense of ROU assets and $0.2 million in interest on lease liabilities. Finance lease expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $0.4 million and included $0.3 million in amortization expense of ROU assets and $0.1 million in interest on lease liabilities.
The Company had sublease income of $3.6 million and $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Sublease income is related to an Operating Subsidiary in the corporate housing and rental business. The Company’s subleases are primarily short term in nature, ranging from 30 days to 6 months. The Company does not include any options to extend these leases as it is not reasonably certain to exercise any renewal options related to these leases.
Future minimum lease payments of the Company’s lease obligations over the next five years and thereafter as of December 31, 2025, by year and in the aggregate, were as follows (dollars in thousands):
| 2026 |
$ | 20,468 | ||
| 2027 |
19,526 | |||
| 2028 |
18,893 | |||
| 2029 |
17,761 | |||
| 2030 |
16,531 | |||
| Thereafter |
126,524 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total expected lease payments |
219,704 | |||
| Less: Imputed interest |
(123,036 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Total lease liability |
$ | 96,668 | ||
|
|
|
Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows (dollars in thousands):
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities |
$ | 16,440 | $ | 11,797 | ||||
| Right of use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities |
$ | 54,384 | $ | 11,974 | ||||
In addition, cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of finance lease liabilities as of December 31, 2025, consisted of $0.2 million in operating cash flows and $0.4 million in financing cash flows. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of finance lease liabilities as of December 31, 2024, consisted of less than $0.1 million in operating cash flows and $0.2 million in financing cash flows.
The Company obtained $0.7 million and $1.0 million in ROU assets in exchange for new finance lease liabilities in the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
F-60
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
NOTE 12 – Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock
As of December 31, 2025, Teamshares was authorized to issue 11,307,218 shares of common stock, par value $0.00001, and had 1,174,429 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. As of December 31, 2024, Teamshares was authorized to issue 11,307,218 shares of common stock, par value $0.00001, and had 1,162,180 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Each share of common stock has one vote in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation of Teamshares.
Preferred Stock
As of December 31, 2025, Teamshares was authorized to issue 8,428,093 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.00001 and had 7,758,235 shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding. As of December 31, 2024, Teamshares was authorized to issue 8,100,554 shares of preferred stock, par value of $0.00001, and had 7,740,549 shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.
The following table provides details related to each of the Company’s classes of preferred stock:
| As of December 31, 2025 |
||||||||||||||||
| Preferred Stock Class |
Shares Authorized |
Shares Issued & Outstanding |
Par Value | Conversion Price |
||||||||||||
| Series Seed-1 Preferred Stock |
157,182 | 157,182 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 2.86 | ||||||||||
| Series Seed-2 Preferred Stock |
174,643 | 174,643 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 2.29 | ||||||||||
| Series Seed-AA Preferred Stock |
564,300 | 564,300 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 5.32 | ||||||||||
| Series A Preferred Stock |
849,993 | 849,993 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 8.35 | ||||||||||
| Series B-2 Preferred Stock |
59,484 | 59,484 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 8.15 | ||||||||||
| Series B-1 Preferred Stock |
1,289,138 | 1,211,880 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 16.50 | ||||||||||
| Series C-2 Preferred Stock |
3,066 | 3,066 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 16.30 | ||||||||||
| Series C-1 Preferred Stock |
1,986,232 | 1,909,838 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 47.12 | ||||||||||
| Series D-2 Preferred Stock |
4,777 | 4,777 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 52.33 | ||||||||||
| Series D-1 Preferred Stock |
1,871,912 | 1,811,666 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 76.33 | ||||||||||
| Series D-NV Preferred Stock |
91,711 | 11,116 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 76.33 | ||||||||||
| Series E-1 Preferred Stock |
1,310,148 | 962,925 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 76.33 | ||||||||||
| Series E-NV Preferred Stock |
65,507 | 37,365 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 76.33 | ||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2024 |
||||||||||||||||
| Preferred Stock Class |
Shares Authorized |
Shares Issued & Outstanding |
Par Value | Conversion Price |
||||||||||||
| Series Seed-1 Preferred Stock |
157,182 | 157,182 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 2.86 | ||||||||||
| Series Seed-2 Preferred Stock |
174,643 | 174,643 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 2.29 | ||||||||||
| Series Seed-AA Preferred Stock |
564,300 | 564,300 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 5.32 | ||||||||||
| Series A Preferred Stock |
849,993 | 849,993 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 8.35 | ||||||||||
| Series B-2 Preferred Stock |
59,484 | 59,484 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 8.15 | ||||||||||
| Series B-1 Preferred Stock |
1,289,138 | 1,211,880 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 16.50 | ||||||||||
| Series C-2 Preferred Stock |
3,066 | 3,066 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 16.30 | ||||||||||
| Series C-1 Preferred Stock |
1,986,232 | 1,909,838 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 47.12 | ||||||||||
| Series D-2 Preferred Stock |
4,777 | 4,777 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 52.33 | ||||||||||
| Series D-1 Preferred Stock |
1,871,912 | 1,811,666 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 76.33 | ||||||||||
| Series D-NV Preferred Stock |
91,711 | 11,116 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 76.33 | ||||||||||
| Series E-1 Preferred Stock |
982,609 | 945,239 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 76.33 | ||||||||||
| Series E-NV Preferred Stock |
65,507 | 37,365 | $ | 0.00001 | $ | 76.33 | ||||||||||
F-61
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Each share of preferred stock shall be convertible, at the option of the holder, at any time into such number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of common stock as is determined by dividing the applicable original issue price by the applicable conversion price in effect at the time of conversion. The applicable conversion price is initially equal to the original issue price. In the event of the issuance of additional common stock without consideration or for a consideration per share less than the applicable conversion price for a series of preferred stock in effect immediately prior to such issuance or deemed issuance, then the applicable conversion price for such series shall be reduced, concurrently with such issue, to a price calculated based on the pre-defined formula in the Certificate of Incorporation. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the applicable conversion price equaled the original issue price. As of December 31, 2025, if all issued and outstanding shares of preferred stock were converted, then it would result in an additional 7,758,235 shares of outstanding common stock issued and outstanding.
Each holder of outstanding shares of preferred stock shall be entitled to cast the number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of common stock into which the shares of preferred stock held by such holder are convertible as of the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote on such matter. Each class of preferred stock has similar voting rights.
In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of preferred stock shall be entitled to be paid out on a pari passu basis of the assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders. After the payment of all preferential amounts required to be paid to the holders of preferred stock are made, the remaining assets are distributed among the holders of shares of common stock on a pro rata basis, based on the number of shares held by each common stockholder.
The Company has accounted for preferred stock as Additional Paid-In Capital in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity. Each class of preferred stock is valued by multiplying the amount of outstanding preferred shares by the original issue price. The Company did not declare or pay any dividends on either its preferred stock or common stock during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company raised approximately $1.3 million through the issuance of Series E-1 preferred stock. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company raised approximately $73.6 million through the issuance of Series E-1 preferred stock. The proceeds from these issuances were utilized to fund the Company’s operations and the equity portion of business combinations.
Operating Subsidiary Capital Structure
The capital structure of the Operating Subsidiaries includes both preferred stock issued to Teamshares and certain former owners as well as common stock issued to Teamshares and Employee Owners as part of the Operating Subsidiary Stock Plans (see NOTE 14). The holders of preferred and common stock (including unvested restricted stock shares issued under the Operating Subsidiary Stock Plans) share pro-rata in any dividends. Holders of preferred stock are entitled to vote on an as-converted basis.
The Company’s ownership percentage in the Operating Subsidiaries is reduced by the vesting of restricted stock and repurchases of Teamshares’ preferred stock by the Operating Subsidiaries. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, Operating Subsidiaries repurchased $10.1 million and $8.9 million of preferred stock from Teamshares. Repurchases are eliminated in consolidation.
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, Teamshares’ ownership in the Operating Subsidiaries, excluding unvested restricted stock, averaged 93% and 93%, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, Teamshares’
F-62
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
ownership in the Operating Subsidiaries, including unvested restricted stock, averaged 90% and 88%, respectively. The Company consolidates each of the Operating Subsidiaries for financial reporting purposes since it owns the majority of the voting shares and controls the Board of Directors at each Operating Subsidiary.
NOTE 13 – Income Taxes
A provision for income taxes representing an expense of $0.6 million and $0.9 million has been recognized for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Income taxes are allocated to the Company’s domestic and international continuing operations.
The components of the provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Current: |
||||||||
| Federal |
$ | — | $ | — | ||||
| State |
569 | 466 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total current |
$ | 569 | $ | 466 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Deferred: |
||||||||
| Federal |
$ | 241 | $ | 303 | ||||
| State |
(119 | ) | 121 | |||||
| Foreign |
(129 | ) | — | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total deferred |
$ | (7 | ) | $ | 424 | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |
$ | 562 | $ | 890 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
The reconciliation of taxes at the federal statutory rate to the Company’s provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Tax at statutory federal rate |
$ | (13,817 | ) | $ | (17,421 | ) | ||
| State tax, net of federal benefit |
(2,540 | ) | (1,970 | ) | ||||
| Nondeductible goodwill impairment |
1,442 | — | ||||||
| Deferred tax rate change |
— | 102 | ||||||
| State rate change |
(1,319 | ) | — | |||||
| Change in valuation allowance |
17,359 | 16,237 | ||||||
| Other |
(562 | ) | 3,942 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Provision for income taxes |
$ | 562 | $ | 890 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
F-63
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities approximated the following as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 (dollars in thousands):
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Deferred Tax Assets: |
||||||||
| Net operating loss carry-forward |
$ | 31,942 | $ | 24,384 | ||||
| UNICAP |
3,245 | 1,937 | ||||||
| Accrued expenses |
1,970 | 877 | ||||||
| Stock-based compensation |
— | 987 | ||||||
| Research and development |
1,337 | 1,010 | ||||||
| Lease liability |
22,802 | 12,792 | ||||||
| §163(j) limitation |
20,636 | 11,638 | ||||||
| Other DTA |
667 | 513 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total deferred tax assets |
$ | 82,598 | $ | 54,137 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Deferred Tax Liabilities: |
||||||||
| Depreciation |
$ | — | $ | (1,120 | ) | |||
| Goodwill and Intangible Assets |
(5,758 | ) | (2,109 | ) | ||||
| Right of use asset |
(21,967 | ) | (12,075 | ) | ||||
| Other DTL |
(36 | ) | — | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities |
(27,761 | ) | (15,304 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance |
54,838 | 38,833 | ||||||
| Valuation allowance |
(56,696 | ) | (39,514 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Deferred tax liabilities, net of valuation allowance |
$ | (1,858 | ) | $ | (681 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Deferred tax liabilities, net of valuation allowances, are presented in Other Long-Term Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $56.7 million and $39.5 million for the portion of the deferred tax asset that the Company does not expect to be realized. The valuation allowance on net deferred taxes increased by a net $17.2 million and $16.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The changes in valuation allowance are primarily due to additional U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities incurred in the year, as well as the result of an acquisition adjustment that reduced the Company’s valuation allowance by $0.2 million. The Company did not have any material releases of valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company is currently subject to the annual limitation under Sections 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company will not be precluded from realizing the NOL carryforward and tax credits but may be limited in the amount we could utilize in any given tax year in the event that the federal and state taxable income will exceed the limitation imposed by Section 382. The amount of the annual limitation is determined based on our value immediately prior to the ownership change. Subsequent ownership changes may further affect the limitation in future years.
The Company continues to monitor the realizability of deferred tax assets taking into account multiple factors. In completing this assessment, the Company considered both objective and subjective factors. These factors included, but were not limited to, a history of losses in prior years, future reversals of existing temporary
F-64
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
differences and tax planning strategies. After evaluating all available evidence, the Company intends to continue maintaining a full valuation allowance on our domestic net deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these allowances. International deferred tax assets are not material. Release of all, or a portion of the valuation allowance would result in the recognition of certain deferred tax assets and a decrease to income tax expense for the period in which the release is recorded.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company has $130.2 million of federal net operating losses available for U.S. income tax purposes, which have an indefinite carryforward period. As of December 31, 2025, the Company has $0.3 million of federal tax credit carryforwards that expire beginning in 2042, and disallowed interest expense carryforwards of $80.9 million that can be carried forward indefinitely.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company also had $83.0 million of net operating losses for U.S. state income taxes which will expire in periods beginning in 2031.
On July 4, 2025, the United States enacted the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”). The OBBBA includes various changes to the tax law, including the restoration of 100% bonus depreciation, reinstates immediate expensing of research and development expenditures, and modifications to the interest expense limitation calculation. The Company has determined the OBBBA does not have a material impact on its deferred tax assets and liabilities.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits. As a result of our net operating loss carryforwards originating in 2017, the years 2017 and forward remain open to adjustment for federal and state income tax purposes. The years 2023 and forward remain open to adjustment for foreign income tax purposes.
NOTE 14 – Teamshares Inc. Stock-Based Compensation
The Company sponsors an equity incentive plan in which certain employees participate. The 2020 Equity Incentive Plan is administered by the Board of Directors (the “Plan Administrator”). The 2020 Equity Incentive Plan permits the granting of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, and restricted stock units. The number of shares authorized to be issued under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan was 1,643,244. Stock-based compensation expense was $2.3 million and $2.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and recognized in Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur.
Stock Options
Stock options may be granted by the Plan Administrator. Each award of an option will be evidenced by a grant agreement that will specify the exercise price, the term of the option, the number of shares subject to the option, the exercise restrictions, if any, applicable to the option, and such other terms and conditions as the Plan Administrator will determine. The 2020 Equity Incentive Plan permits the granting of both incentive stock options and nonstatutory stock options. The term of the stock options will be no more than 10 years from the date of grant, and the exercise price will be no less than the fair market value of the underlying common stock at the date of grant. Options granted typically vest over a period of 4 years.
F-65
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for estimating the fair value of the stock options granted. The assumptions used in valuing the stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Expected volatility |
34.24 - 40.17 | % | 39.09 - 40.75 | % | ||||
| Weighted-average expected volatility |
39.39 | % | 39.76 | % | ||||
| Expected term (years) |
2.5 - 6.1 | 5.3 - 6.1 | ||||||
| Risk-free interest rate |
3.7 - 4.2 | % | 3.8 - 4.4 | % | ||||
| Expected dividend yield |
0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | ||||
A summary of option activity for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:
| Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share |
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |
||||||||||
| Outstanding at January 1, 2024 |
1,151,284 | $ | 13.91 | 8.02 | ||||||||
| Granted |
226,375 | 35.37 | ||||||||||
| Exercised |
(10,631 | ) | 3.80 | |||||||||
| Forfeited or expired |
(161,902 | ) | 17.41 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Outstanding at December 31, 2024 |
1,205,126 | 17.56 | 6.92 | |||||||||
| Granted |
226,990 | 30.40 | ||||||||||
| Exercised |
(12,249 | ) | 3.73 | |||||||||
| Forfeited or expired |
(60,017 | ) | 30.19 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Outstanding at December 31, 2025 |
1,359,850 | $ | 19.27 | 6.14 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Exercisable at December 31, 2024 |
805,097 | $ | 11.68 | 5.97 | ||||||||
| Exercisable at December 31, 2025 |
986,278 | $ | 14.51 | 5.05 | ||||||||
During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $0.4 million and $0.3 million.
A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested options for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:
| Options | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
|||||||
| Nonvested at January 1, 2024 |
626,052 | $ | 5.48 | |||||
| Granted |
226,375 | 15.84 | ||||||
| Vested |
(290,496 | ) | 7.72 | |||||
| Forfeited |
(161,902 | ) | 8.10 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Nonvested at December 31, 2024 |
400,029 | $ | 13.48 | |||||
| Granted |
226,990 | 13.70 | ||||||
| Vested |
(196,523 | ) | 11.61 | |||||
| Forfeited |
(56,924 | ) | 13.98 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Nonvested at December 31, 2025 |
373,572 | $ | 14.41 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
F-66
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the total grant-date fair value of options granted was $3.0 million and $3.6 million. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the total grant-date fair value of options vested was $2.3 million and $2.3 million. As of December 31, 2025, there was $5.0 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options. This cost is expected to be recognized over the weighted average period of 2.9 years.
NOTE 15 – Operating Subsidiary Stock Plans
Each of the domestic Operating Subsidiaries has adopted a stock plan, as amended and restated (the “Operating Subsidiary Stock Plan(s)”) in order to promote the long-term financial interest of the Operating Subsidiary by attracting, retaining, and rewarding employees who will contribute to the Operating Subsidiary’s success. The individuals eligible to receive awards are any full-time and certain part-time employees of the Operating Subsidiaries. Awards that may be granted under the Operating Subsidiary Stock Plans include restricted stock, and the governing terms of such awards are documented in both the Operating Subsidiary Stock Plan and pursuant to the individual grant agreements with the individual employees. As of December 31, 2025, each Operating Subsidiary Stock Plan authorized 19,999 shares of common stock to be issued to its employees. As of December 31, 2025, the total number of shares of common stock authorized to be issued for all Operating Subsidiaries was 1,779,912. The shares typically vest ratably over a four or five-year period, with a one-year cliff vesting followed by monthly vesting thereafter. International Operating Subsidiaries have not adopted a stock plan as of December 31, 2025.
All restricted stock awards issued under the Operating Subsidiary Stock Plans are classified as equity.
Dividends on restricted stock awards issued under the Operating Subsidiary Stock Plans are recognized in Noncontrolling Interests in the periods in which the awards are classified as equity.
The Company generally utilizes a market approach to value awards granted within a reasonable time frame from the respective acquisition date for each Operating Subsidiary. The Company estimates the enterprise value by calibrating to the transaction price paid by the Company. For subsequent awards granted, the Company generally considers both the market approach and the income approach in concluding on an enterprise value. The fair value of the restricted stock grant is estimated by allocating enterprise value across one or more probability-weighted scenarios with an option-pricing model used to estimate the allocation of value within at least one of these scenarios. The assumptions used in valuing the restricted stock granted during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Expected volatility |
25 - 55 | % | 25 - 55 | % | ||||
| Time to liquidity (years) |
2 - 5 | 2 - 5 | ||||||
| Risk-free interest rate |
3.5 - 4.6 | % | 3.6 - 4.7 | % | ||||
| Discount for lack of marketability |
32.0 - 68.0 | % | 32.0 - 54.0 | % | ||||
| Discount for lack of control |
9.1 - 27.8 | % | 16.2 - 30.3 | % | ||||
F-67
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
A summary of restricted stock activity for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:
| Number of Shares |
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
|||||||
| Balance at January 1, 2024 |
72,205 | $ | 72.03 | |||||
| Issued |
21,636 | 60.45 | ||||||
| Vested |
(25,480 | ) | 71.74 | |||||
| Forfeited or cancelled |
(18,125 | ) | 63.24 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Balance at December 31, 2024 |
50,236 | $ | 70.35 | |||||
| Issued |
18,494 | 68.77 | ||||||
| Vested |
(19,525 | ) | 73.60 | |||||
| Forfeited or cancelled |
(14,457 | ) | 60.98 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Balance at December 31, 2025 |
34,749 | $ | 71.58 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized $1.5 million of compensation expense related to the Operating Subsidiary Stock Plans and the Company paid $1.2 million of distributions to employee-owners that were recognized in Noncontrolling Interests. In comparison, during the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $1.8 million of compensation expense related to the Operating Subsidiary Stock Plans and the Company paid $1.2 million of distributions to employee-owners that were recognized in Noncontrolling Interests. The related expenses are recognized in Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Repurchases of shares of common stock from employee-owners were $1.6 million and $1.0 million during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, there was $2.4 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted common stock that is expected to be recognized over the weighted average period of 1.3 years.
NOTE 16 – Net Loss Per Share
Basic Net Loss Per Share is computed by dividing Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Each series of preferred stock is considered to be a participating security. Therefore, the Company applies the two-class method in calculating its net loss per share for periods when the Company generates net income. Net losses are not allocated to preferred shares in the Company, as they are not contractually obligated to share in the Company’s losses.
Diluted Net Loss Per Share is computed by dividing Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders by the weighted average number of common and dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding for the period using the treasury-stock method or the as-converted method, or the two-class method for participating securities, whichever is more dilutive. Potentially dilutive shares are comprised of preferred stock, warrants, and stock options. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company’s net loss and potentially dilutive shares being anti-dilutive.
During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company repurchased certain Rollover Shares. The difference between the carrying value and the repurchase value on the repurchase date has been included as an adjustment to Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders.
F-68
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Numerator: |
||||||||
| Net Loss Attributable to Teamshares Inc. |
$ | (65,919 | ) | $ | (83,297 | ) | ||
| Rollover Share adjustments |
248 | 273 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders |
$ | (65,670 | ) | $ | (83,024 | ) | ||
| Denominator: |
||||||||
| Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding |
1,163,147 | 1,153,618 | ||||||
| Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders, Basic and Diluted |
$ | (56.46 | ) | $ | (71.97 | ) | ||
The following common stock equivalents were excluded in the calculation of net loss per diluted share because their effect was anti-dilutive:
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
| Preferred Shares |
7,758,235 | 7,740,549 | ||||||
| Warrants |
218,340 | 202,782 | ||||||
| Stock Options |
1,359,850 | 1,205,126 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total |
9,336,425 | 9,148,457 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
NOTE 17 – Segment Reporting and Geographic Information
The Company has two reportable segments: Small Business Acquisitions and Real Estate. The chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.
Small Business Acquisitions includes all of the Operating Subsidiaries owned by the Company. The Company’s CODM regularly reviews Operating Subsidiary performance in the aggregate for the purpose of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance.
Real Estate includes land and buildings that are owned by the Company. These assets are owned by the Company and leased to Operating Subsidiaries on an intercompany basis. Rent payments that are paid to the Company are eliminated in consolidation. The CODM regularly reviews the profitability of the Real Estate operating segment. The Company sold substantially all of its Real Estate segment during the year ended December 31, 2025 in connection with the Sale Leaseback. See NOTE 2.
The CODM also regularly reviews the performance of other products and services that the Company offers to Operating Subsidiaries. These products primarily consist of the Company’s self-funded health insurance and business insurance programs that certain Operating Subsidiaries utilize. The insurance premiums that are paid to the Company by Operating Subsidiaries are eliminated in consolidation. None of the financial products that are regularly reviewed by the CODM meet the quantitative criteria to be disclosed as a reportable segment.
The CODM measures and evaluates segment performance and allocates resources based on segment earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”). Segment EBITDA includes revenues from
F-69
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
external customers and revenues and associated expenses from transactions with other operating segments of the Company. Segment expense categories include Cost of Revenue (excluding depreciation), Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses, and other non-operating (income) expense.
The CODM is not regularly provided with segment assets or segment expenditures for long-lived assets, as these metrics are not used to assess segment performance. The accounting policies of the Small Business Acquisitions reportable segment are the same as those described in NOTE 2.
| Year Ended December 31, 2025 (in 000s) | ||||||||||||||||
| Small Business Acquisitions |
Real Estate |
All Other |
Total | |||||||||||||
| Revenue from External Customers |
$ | 471,567 | — | — | $ | 471,567 | ||||||||||
| Revenue from Other Operating Segments |
— | 2,013 | 9,476 | 11,488 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Total Segment Revenue |
471,567 | 2,013 | 9,476 | 483,056 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Reconciliation of Revenues |
||||||||||||||||
| Intercompany Eliminations |
(11,488 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total Consolidated Revenue |
471,567 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Less: |
||||||||||||||||
| Cost of Revenue, Excluding Depreciation |
287,648 | — | — | 287,648 | ||||||||||||
| Selling, General, and Administrative Expense |
140,838 | 16 | 11,253 | 152,106 | ||||||||||||
| Other Non-Operating Income |
(1,055 | ) | — | — | (1,055 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Segment EBITDA |
44,137 | 1,997 | (1,777 | ) | 44,356 | |||||||||||
| Less: |
||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation |
(5,673 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization |
(5,907 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill Impairment |
(19,412 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Stock Compensation Expense |
(3,818 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Loss on Disposition of Assets |
5,418 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest Expense, Net |
(31,191 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Loss on Extinguishment of Debt |
(4,642 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability |
3,956 | |||||||||||||||
| Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration |
(1,326 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate, Other Expenses, and Eliminations |
(47,557 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Loss Before Income Taxes |
$ | (65,795 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
F-70
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
| Year Ended December 31, 2024 (in 000s) | ||||||||||||||||
| Small Business Acquisitions |
Real Estate |
All Other |
Total | |||||||||||||
| Revenue from External Customers |
$ | 398,641 | — | — | $ | 398,641 | ||||||||||
| Revenue from Other Operating Segments |
— | 2,759 | 6,604 | 9,363 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Total Segment Revenue |
398,641 | 2,759 | 6,604 | 408,004 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Reconciliation of Revenues |
||||||||||||||||
| Intercompany Eliminations |
(9,363 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total Consolidated Revenue |
398,641 | |||||||||||||||
| Cost of Revenue, Excluding Depreciation |
258,587 | — | — | 258,587 | ||||||||||||
| Selling, General, and Administrative Expense |
121,315 | 17 | 6,391 | 127,724 | ||||||||||||
| Other Non-Operating Income |
(661 | ) | — | — | (661 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Segment EBITDA |
19,399 | 2,742 | 212 | 22,353 | ||||||||||||
| Less: |
||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation |
(5,670 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization |
(5,635 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill Impairment |
(15,645 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Stock Compensation Expense |
(4,293 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Gain on Disposition of Assets |
(2,661 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Interest Expense, Net |
(27,766 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability |
702 | |||||||||||||||
| Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration |
(91 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate, Other Expenses, and Eliminations |
(44,251 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Loss Before Income Taxes |
$ | (82,957 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Geographic Information
Revenue is attributed to a geographic region based on the location of the customer taking possession of the products or services. Long-lived assets are attributed to the geographic region based on the physical location of the assets.
A summary of the Company’s Revenue and Long-lived assets as of the years ended December 31, 2025 is as follows:
| Revenue | Long-lived Assets |
|||||||
| December 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2025 |
|||||||
| United States |
$ | 449,737 | $ | 107,239 | ||||
| International |
21,830 | 16,389 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total |
$ | 471,567 | $ | 123,628 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Long-lived assets include Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net and Operating Lease Right of Use Assets, Net.
F-71
Teamshares Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
NOTE 18 – Related Party Transactions
Certain executives of the Company own a direct and indirect minority interest in a customer of the Company. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the revenue earned by the Company from this customer was immaterial.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, three executives of the Company lent $3.0 million in cash to the Company to repay a portion of the Former Owner Bridge Loan’s outstanding principal. The $3.0 million loan from the Company’s executives was subsequently converted to TDC Loans. These loans remained outstanding as of December 31, 2025. See NOTE 9.
As of December 31, 2025, the counterparties to $6.0 million of TDC Loans include $5.5 million owed to four executives of the Company and $0.5 million owed to a member of the board of directors. See NOTE 9.
Two executives of the Company have personally guaranteed a seller note that was issued by the Company during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. This seller note was issued to the seller of an Operating Subsidiary as a portion of the consideration transferred for the business. The seller note had an original principal amount of $0.7 million and accrues interest at a rate of 7% annually. The seller note matures in 2030.
One executive of the Company has personally guaranteed two additional notes that were issued by the Company. One note was issued in 2023 to the seller of an Operating Subsidiary as a portion of the consideration transferred for the business. The note has a principal amount of $0.4 million, accrues interest at a rate of 5% annually, and matures in 2028. One note was issued in 2024 to the seller of an Operating Subsidiary as a portion of the consideration transferred for the business. The note has a principal amount of $0.5 million, accrues interest at a rate of 6.25% annually, and matures in 2029. This executive has also personally guaranteed one of the Company’s lease obligations. The lease obligation was $0.4 million as of the year ended December 31, 2025 and matures in 2028.
NOTE 19 – Subsequent Events
HBC Credit Facility Amendment
In March 2026, the Company and HBC amended the maturity date of the HBC credit facility to be the earliest of: i) December 23, 2026, 2) the date on which the SPAC Merger is consummated, 3) the date on which the Merger Agreement is terminated, or 4) unless a Registration Statement on Form S-4 in connection with the SPAC Merger has been declared effective, the date that is 30 days prior to the Outside Date. The Outside Date was not affected by this amendment.
F-72
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 20. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
The Combined Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide for indemnification of its directors, officers, employees and other agents to the maximum extent permitted by DGCL, and the Combined Company’s bylaws will provide for indemnification of its directors, officers, employees and other agents to the maximum extent permitted by the DGCL.
In addition, effective upon the consummation of the Business Combination, as defined in Part I of this registration statement, the Combined Company will enter into indemnification agreements with directors, officers, and some employees containing provisions which are in some respects broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained in the DGCL. The indemnification agreements will require Live Oak, among other things, to indemnify its directors against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors and to advance their expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified.
Item 21. Exhibits and Financial Statements Schedules.
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Registration Statement:
II-1
II-2
| Exhibit No. | Description | |
| 10.19** | Employment Agreement, dated as of [ ], 2026, by and among Teamshares Inc. and Alex Eu. | |
| 10.20** | Employment Agreement, dated as of [ ], 2026, by and among Teamshares Inc. and Brian Gaebe. | |
| 10.21** | Employment Agreement, dated as of [ ], 2026, by and among Teamshares Inc. and Madhuri Kommareddi. | |
| 10.22** | Employment Agreement, dated as of [ ], 2026, by and among Teamshares Inc. and Kevin Shiiba. | |
| 21.1** | List of Subsidiaries | |
| 23.1* | Consent of WithumSmith+Brown, PC, independent registered public accounting firm of Live Oak | |
| 23.2* | Consent of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm of Teamshares. | |
| 23.3** | Consent of Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1) | |
| 23.4** | Consent of Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP (included in Exhibit 8.1) | |
| 24.1* | Power of Attorney for Live Oak Signatories (included on the Live Oak signature page of this registration statement) | |
| 24.2* | Power of Attorney for Teamshares Signatories (included on the Teamshares signature page of this registration statement) | |
| 99.1* | Consent of Michael Brown | |
| 99.2* | Consent of Alex Eu | |
| 99.3* | Consent of Evan Moore | |
| 99.4* | Consent of Richard Hendrix | |
| 99.5* | Consent of Adam Fishman | |
| 99.6** | Form of Preliminary Proxy Card | |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document | |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document | |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) | |
| 107* | Filing Fee Table | |
| † | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. |
| # | Certain of the exhibits and schedules to this Exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601. The Registrant agrees to furnish a copy of all omitted exhibits and schedules to the SEC upon its request. |
| * | Filed herewith. |
| ** | To be filed by amendment. |
II-3
Item 22. Undertakings.
| (a) | The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes as follows: |
| (1) | To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: |
| i. | To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act; |
| ii. | To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; |
| iii. | To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement. |
| (2) | That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
| (3) | To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. |
| (4) | That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use. |
| (5) | That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: |
| i. | Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; |
| ii. | Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; |
| iii. | The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and |
| iv. | Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. |
II-4
| (6) | That prior to any public reoffering of the securities registered hereunder through use of a prospectus which is a part of this registration statement, by any person or party who is deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Rule 145(c), the issuer undertakes that such reoffering prospectus will contain the information called for by the applicable registration form with respect to reofferings by persons who may be deemed underwriters, in addition to the information called for by the other items of the applicable form. |
| (7) | That every prospectus: (i) that is filed pursuant to the immediately preceding paragraph, or |
| (ii) | that purports to meet the requirements of Section 10(a)(3) of the Act and is used in connection with an offering of securities subject to Rule 415, will be filed as a part of an amendment to the registration statement and will not be used until such amendment is effective, and that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
| (8) | Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the undersigned pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the undersigned has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the undersigned of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the undersigned in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the undersigned will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. |
| (b) | The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to respond to requests for information that is incorporated by reference into the prospectus pursuant to Items 4, 10(b), 11, or 13 of this Form, within one business day of receipt of such request, and to send the incorporated documents by first class mail or other equally prompt means. This includes information contained in documents filed subsequent to the effective date of the registration statement through the date of responding to the request. |
| (c) | The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to supply by means of a post-effective amendment all information concerning a transaction, and the company being acquired involved therein, that was not the subject of and included in the registration statement when it became effective. |
II-5
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in Memphis, TN on the day of April 2, 2026.
| Live Oak Acquisition Corp. V | ||
| By: | /s/ Richard J. Hendrix | |
| Name: Richard J. Hendrix | ||
| Title: Chief Executive Officer | ||
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each of the undersigned constitutes and appoints each of Richard J. Hendrix and Adam J. Fishman, each acting alone, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for such person and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign this Registration Statement on Form S-4 (including all pre-effective and post-effective amendments and registration statements filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended), and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming that any such attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Name |
Position |
Date | ||
| /s/ Richard J. Hendrix | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman | April 2, 2026 | ||
| Richard J. Hendrix | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| /s/ Adam J. Fishman | President, Chief Financial Officer and Director | April 2, 2026 | ||
| Adam J. Fishman | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |||
| /s/ Ashton Hudson | Director | April 2, 2026 | ||
| Ashton Hudson | ||||
| /s/ Andrea Tarbox | ||||
| Andrea Tarbox | Director | April 2, 2026 | ||
| /s/ Somsak Chivavibul | ||||
| Somsak Chivavibul | Director | April 2, 2026 | ||
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the co-registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in New York City, NY on the day of April 2, 2026.
| Teamshares Inc. | ||
| By: | /s/ Michael Brown | |
| Name: Michael Brown | ||
| Title: Chief Executive Officer | ||
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each of the undersigned constitutes and appoints each of Michael Brown and Brian Gaebe, each acting alone, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for such person and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign this Registration Statement on Form S-4 (including all pre-effective and post-effective amendments and registration statements filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended), and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming that any such attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Name |
Position |
Date | ||
| /s/ Michael Brown | Chief Executive Officer | April 2, 2026 | ||
| Michael Brown | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| /s/ Brian Gaebe | Chief Financial Officer | April 2, 2026 | ||
| Brian Gaebe | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |||
| /s/ Alexander Eu | President, Director | April 2, 2026 | ||
| Alexander Eu | ||||
| /s/ Evan Moore | ||||
| Evan Moore | Director | April 2, 2026 | ||