v3.26.1
INCOME TAX EXPENSE (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
INCOME TAX EXPENSE  
Schedule of income (loss) from domestic and foreign components before income tax expenses (benefit)

For the years ended December 31,

2023

2024

2025

  ​ ​ ​

US$

  ​ ​ ​

US$

  ​ ​ ​

US$

Loss before income tax

  ​

  ​

  ​

Loss from PRC entities

 

(2,975,393)

 

(2,605,951)

 

(1,630,999)

Loss from overseas entities

 

(14,279,569)

 

(30,835,713)

 

(16,276,274)

Total loss before income tax

 

(17,254,962)

 

(33,441,664)

 

(17,907,273)

Schedule of components of income tax expense

For the years ended December 31,

  ​ ​ ​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2025

US$

US$

US$

Current:

U.S.

Federal

 

1,502,796

 

(18,521)

 

(604,462)

State and local

 

188,612

 

968

 

306,602

Total current

 

1,691,408

 

(17,553)

 

(297,860)

Deferred:

 

 

 

U.S.

Federal

 

 

 

State and local

 

 

 

Total deferred

 

 

 

Income tax expense (benefit)

 

1,691,408

 

(17,553)

 

(297,860)

Schedule of reconciliation between the income tax expense and the actual provision

For the years ended December 31,

 

  ​ ​ ​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2025

 

US$

US$

US$

 

Loss before income tax

 

(17,254,962)

 

(33,441,664)

 

(17,907,273)

PRC statutory income tax rate

25

%

25

%

25

%

Income tax credit computed at PRC statutory income tax rate

(4,313,740)

 

(8,360,416)

 

(4,476,817)

Impact of PRC preferential income tax rate as qualified TASE

1,725,496

3,344,166

1,790,727

Difference in income tax rates of overseas entities

(1,012,031)

2,665,263

3,146,473

Research and development super-deduction(a)

(693,340)

 

(639,650)

 

(386,799)

Research and development tax credits

(668,854)

(756,757)

(537,086)

Non-deductible expenses

7,241

 

6,721

 

6,081

Foreign derived intangible income deduction

(394,979)

(97,431)

Changes in valuation allowance

7,064,573

 

3,747,543

 

86,877

State tax

(22,363)

(25,113)

111,831

Others

(595)

690

58,284

Income tax expense (benefit)

1,691,408

(17,553)

(297,860)

Note (a): Due to the impacts of research and development super-deduction, the Group’s subsidiary, Adagene (Suzhou) Limited, did not have any income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025.

Schedule of tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax balances

As of December 31,

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2025

US$

US$

Deferred tax assets:

  ​

Net operating loss carry forward

17,781,302

 

18,938,782

Tax credit carry forward

1,969,174

1,157,859

Capitalized inventory

58,214

49,305

Unrealized foreign exchange gain/losses

398,422

133,343

Accrued expenses

151,615

159,955

Amortization of right-of-use assets and interest of lease liabilities

Gross deferred tax assets

20,358,727

 

20,439,244

Less: valuation allowance

(20,336,613)

 

(20,423,490)

Deferred tax assets

22,114

 

15,754

Deferred tax liabilities:

Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and software

(22,114)

(15,754)

Deferred tax liabilities

(22,114)

 

(15,754)

Total deferred tax liabilities, net

 

Schedule of movement of the valuation allowance

  ​ ​ ​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2025

US$

US$

US$

Balance as of January 1

 

9,524,497

 

16,589,070

 

20,336,613

Addition

 

7,064,573

 

3,747,543

 

86,877

Balance as of December 31

 

16,589,070

 

20,336,613

 

20,423,490