
		At Fair Value				Outstanding Principal Balance, Net of Discounts				Outstanding Principal Balance in Excess of Fair Value
	Maturity	December 31,				December 31,				December 31,
	Dates	2025		2024		2025		2024		2025		2024
Related Party Loans Receivable:
Vintage Capital Management, LLC	December 2027	$	1,835	$	2,057	$	224,968	$	224,968	$	223,133	$	222,911
W.S. Badcock Corporation	Loan Sold	—		2,169		—		28,038		—		25,869
Freedom VCM Receivables, Inc.	Loan Sold	—		3,913		—		17,788		—		13,875
Conn’s, Inc.	February 2027	—		38,826		70,425		110,056		70,425		71,230
Torticity, LLC	November 2026	—		—		16,333		16,333		16,333		16,333
Great American Holdings, LLC	Paid Off	—		1,698		—		1,698		—		—
Other related party loans	Various through August 2027	1,000		3,239		1,164		3,239		164		—
Total related party loans receivable		2,835		51,902		312,890		402,120		310,055		350,218

Exela Technologies, Inc.	March 2026	21,415		32,136		21,731		33,396		316		1,260
Norlin EV Limited	December 2025	10		6,065		1,233		6,913		1,223		848
Other loans receivable	Various	2,043		—		7,845		3,575		5,802		3,575
Total loans receivable		$	26,303	$	90,103	$	343,699	$	446,004	$	317,396	$	355,901

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded realized and unrealized losses of $(448) and $(325,498), respectively, on loans receivable, at fair value, which are reflected in the “Fair value adjustments on loans” line item in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company has elected to measure loans at fair value to provide management with a more relevant representation for evaluating risk, performance reporting, market conditions and economic events in earnings on a more timely basis and to provide reporting of the current value of those assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

Loans receivable, at fair value on non-accrual and 90 days or greater past due, was $1,835, which represented approximately 7.0% of total loans receivable, at fair value as of December 31, 2025. The principal balance of loans receivable on non-accrual and 90 days or greater past due was $320,285 as of December 31, 2025. Loans receivable, at fair value on non-accrual was $21,222, which represents approximately 23.4% of total loans receivable, at fair value as of December 31, 2024. The principal balance of loans receivable on non-accrual was $321,544 as of December 31, 2024. Interest income for loans on non-accrual and/or 90 days or greater past due is recognized separately from the “Fair value adjustments on loans” line item in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The amount of losses included in earnings attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk was $(471) and $(323,840) during the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. The gains or losses attributable to changes in instrument-specific risk was determined by management based on an estimate of the fair value change during the period specific to each loan receivable.

The Company may periodically provide limited guarantees to third parties for loans that are made to investment banking and lending clients. As of December 31, 2025, the Company has outstanding limited guarantee arrangements with respect to B&W as further described in Note 30(b) - Babcock & Wilcox Commitments and Guarantees. In accordance with the credit loss standard, the Company evaluates the need to record an allowance for credit losses for these loan guarantees since they have off-balance sheet credit exposures. As of December 31, 2025, the Company has not recorded any provision for credit losses on the B&W guarantees, since the Company believes that there is sufficient collateral to protect the Company from any credit loss exposure. On June 18, 2025, an amendment was made to the Axos Guaranty (defined below) whereby the Company’s obligations as guarantor were suspended until January 1, 2027. On February 25, 2026, the Axos Guaranty was terminated and is of no further force and effect as further discussed in Note 30 - Commitments and Contingencies - (b) Babcock & Wilcox Commitments and Guarantees.

On August 21, 2023, one of the Company’s subsidiaries and Vintage Capital Management, LLC (“VCM”), an affiliate of Brian Kahn (“Mr. Kahn”), amended and restated a promissory note (the “Amended and Restated Note”), pursuant to which VCM owes the Company’s subsidiary the aggregate principal amount of $200,506, which bears interest at the rate of 12.00% per annum payable-in-kind with a maturity date of December 31, 2027. The Amended and Restated Note requires repayments prior to the maturity date from certain proceeds received by VCM, Mr. Kahn or his affiliates from, among other proceeds, distributions or dividends paid by Freedom VCM, Inc. in amount equal to the greater of (i) 80% of the net after-tax proceeds, and (ii) 50% of gross proceeds. Amounts owing under the Amended and Restated Note may be repaid at any time without penalty. The obligations under the Amended and Restated Note are primarily secured by a first priority perfected security interest in Freedom VCM, Inc.’s equity interests owned by Mr. Kahn, the chief executive officer (“CEO”) and a member of the board of directors of Freedom VCM, Inc. as of December 31, 2023, and his spouse, with a value, based on the transaction price of the take private transaction that included the acquisition of the Franchise Group, Inc. (“FRG”) by a buyer group that included members of senior management of FRG, led by Mr. Kahn, FRG’s then CEO (the “FRG take-private transaction”), of $227,296 as of August 21, 2023.

On January 22, 2024, Mr. Kahn resigned as CEO and a member of the board of directors of Freedom VCM. On November 3, 2024, Freedom VCM filed voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 (“Chapter 11 Cases”) of Title 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (“Bankruptcy Code”), which impacted the collateral for this loan receivable. To the extent the loan balance and accrued interest exceed the underlying collateral value of the loan an unrealized loss will be recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. On a quarterly basis, the Company will continue to obtain third party appraisals to evaluate the value of the collateral of the loan since the repayment of the loan and accrued interest will be paid primarily from the cash distributions from Freedom VCM or foreclosure on the underlying collateral.

On June 1, 2025, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware entered an Order Confirming the Ninth Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Franchise Group, Inc. and its affiliated debtors (the “FRG Plan”). Under the FRG Plan, all equity interests and claims related thereto were cancelled and such equity interest holders, including Freedom VCM as an equity holder of Franchise Group, Inc. will not receive any property or distributions under the FRG Plan. As a result, of the FRG Plan, the Company does not expect to receive any proceeds or distributions from the Freedom VCM equity interests owned by Mr. Kahn and his spouse that collateralize the VCM loan receivable.

On September 29, 2025, the SEC filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey against Prophecy Asset Management LP (“Prophecy”), Prophecy’s CEO, and Mr. Kahn alleging violations of certain of the antifraud provisions of federal securities laws. On November 10, 2025, news reports and a court filing by the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of New Jersey indicated that the U.S. Attorney’s Office has charged Kahn with securities fraud in connection with his activities as a Prophecy sub-adviser. On December 10, 2025, Mr. Kahn pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to commit securities fraud.

On December 20, 2021, the Company entered into a Master Receivables Purchase Agreement (“Badcock Receivables I”) with W.S. Badcock Corporation, a Florida corporation (“WSBC”), which at the time was an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of FRG, which became a subsidiary of Freedom VCM as a result of the transaction on August 21, 2023. The Company paid $400,000 in cash to WSBC for the purchase of certain consumer credit receivables which are small consumer loans issued by WSBC to consumers for the purchase of merchandise sold at WSBC’s stores. On September 23, 2022, the Company’s then majority-owned subsidiary, B. Riley Receivables II, LLC (“BRRII”), a Delaware limited liability company, entered into a Master Receivables Purchase Agreement (“Badcock Receivables II”) with WSBC. This purchase of $168,363 consumer credit receivables of WSBC was partially financed by a $148,200 term loan. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, BRRII entered into Amendment No. 2 and No. 3 to Badcock Receivables II with WSBC for a total of $145,278 in additional consumer credit receivables. The accounting for these transactions resulted in the Company recording a loan receivable from WSBC with the recognition of interest income at an imputed rate based on the cash flows expected to be received from the collection of the consumer receivables that serve as collateral for the loan. The collateral for these loans receivable are the individual consumer credit receivables that were originally issued to WSBC consumers for merchandise sold in WSBC stores and the total amount of collections on these loans receivable is dependent upon their credit performance. These loans receivable are measured at fair value.

VCM Receivables entered into the Freedom Receivables Note in the amount of $58,872, with a stated interest rate of 19.74% per annum and a maturity date of August 21, 2033, with payments of principal and interest on the note limited solely to the performance of certain consumer receivables held by BRRII. This loan receivable is measured at fair value.

In connection with these loans, the Company entered into a Servicing Agreement with WSBC pursuant to which WSBC provided to the Company certain customary servicing and account management services in respect of the receivables purchased by the Company under the Receivables Purchase Agreement. In addition, subject to certain terms and conditions, FRG has agreed to guarantee the performance by WSBC of its obligations under the Master Receivables Purchase Agreements and the Servicing Agreement.

On December 18, 2023, WSBC was sold by Freedom VCM to Conn’s, Inc. (“Conn’s”) whereby the Company loaned Conn’s $108,000 pursuant to the “Conn’s Term Loan” which bears interest at an aggregate rate per annum equal to the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) Rate (as defined in the Conn’s Term Loan), subject to a 4.80% floor, plus a margin of 8.00% and matures on February 20, 2027. Future collection of the Conn’s loan receivable is expected to be paid from the sale of assets and servicing of a pool of consumer receivables that serve as collateral for the loan where the Company has a second lien on these assets.

On July 23, 2024, Conn’s and certain of its subsidiaries filed voluntary positions for relief under Chapter 11 Cases of Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the Southern District of Texas. The commencement of the Chapter 11 Cases constitutes an event of default that accelerates the repayment obligations of the loan receivable issued to Conn’s. Any efforts to enforce repayment obligations under the Conn’s loan are automatically stayed as a result of the Chapter 11 Cases, and the Company’s rights of enforcement in respect of this loan are subject to the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code. As a result of the Chapter 11 Cases, the Conn’s loan receivable was placed on non-accrual status.

On November 2, 2023, B. Riley Principal Investments, LLC (“BRPI”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, along with other lenders entered into a loan receivable with Torticity, LLC for an aggregate principal amount of $25,000, of which $15,000 was BRPI’s total principal commitment. On November 20, 2023, BRPI transferred the promissory note to B. Riley Commercial Capital, LLC (or “BRCC”), another wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The loan receivable bore interest at 15.00% per annum paid quarterly at 7.50% per annum in cash and 7.50% per annum payment-in-kind to be capitalized and added to the outstanding principal balance. Subsequent to December 31, 2024, there were amendments to the loan. However, the entire loan remained impaired with no fair value at December 31, 2025, and there has been no interest income on the loan receivable during 2025.

On November 15, 2024, BRCC entered into a senior secured revolving credit and guaranty agreement with GA Holdings. On February 26, 2025, the senior secured revolving credit and guaranty agreement was transferred to BRF Finance Co., LLC (or “BRF”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. BRF’s initial revolving commitment was $25,000 with a maturity date of November 15, 2025. As subsequently amended, the revolving commitment was revised to $40,000 for the period March 10, 2025 to June 30, 2025 and reduced back to $25,000 from July 1, 2025 until the maturity date. The senior secured revolving credit bears interest at the Term SOFR rate, as defined in the agreement, plus an applicable rate of 4.75% per annum.

On February 27, 2025, BRF, along with other lenders, entered into a credit agreement with GA Joann Retail Partnership, LLC (“Joann Retail”) for an aggregate commitment of $52,000, of which BRF is committed to $24,653. The credit agreement bears interest at 10.00% to be paid monthly as payment-in-kind and capitalized into the outstanding principal balance and has a maturity date of November 26, 2025. This loan receivable was paid in full on April 7, 2025.