| RESEARCH EXPENSES |
21
RESEARCH EXPENSES
SCHEDULE OF RESEARCH EXPENSES
| | |
2023 | | |
2024 | | |
2025 | |
| | |
S$ | | |
S$ | | |
S$ | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Employee benefits expenses (Note 22) | |
| 642,533 | | |
| 737,524 | | |
| 860,835 | |
| Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (Note 7) | |
| 272,886 | | |
| 212,322 | | |
| 174,146 | |
| Amortization of intangible assets (Note 8) | |
| 4,209 | | |
| 642 | | |
| 642 | |
| Clinical trial expenses | |
| 33,845 | | |
| 382,014 | | |
| 429,774 | |
| Consumables expenses | |
| 455,267 | | |
| 345,706 | | |
| 552,860 | |
| Royalty expenses | |
| 30,382 | | |
| 11,365 | | |
| 15,512 | |
| Professional fees | |
| 20,779 | | |
| 35,040 | | |
| 9,098 | |
| Utilities | |
| 62,515 | | |
| 69,323 | | |
| 62,357 | |
| Others | |
| 67,277 | | |
| 115,583 | | |
| 112,271 | |
| Total | |
| 1,589,693 | | |
| 1,909,519 | | |
| 2,217,495 | |
|