For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company incurred a loss from operations of approximately US$1.95 million and US$3.76 million, respectively. Net operating cash outflow for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was approximately US$0.93 million and US$2.06 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately US$0.97 million and working capital of US$2.48 million.

The Company experienced decreased revenue but increased gross profit margin for the year ended December 31, 2025. The decreased in revenue was primarily attributable to the winding down of our distribution of the right to use search engine marketing service in the PRC but the improvement in gross profit margin is due to increased revenue in our higher margin internet advertising and related marketing services and IP services.

Our current core business is to provide advertising and marketing services to small and medium enterprises (“SMEs”), which is particularly sensitive to changes in general economic conditions. However, as we wind down our search engine marketing distribution service in the PRC, we are seeing an improvement in our gross margins as well as significantly reduced operating expenses that will improve our cash flow and liquidity in the next 12 months.

In addition, in order to further develop our core business, i.e., our Internet advertising and related data service business, broaden and diversify the online marketing channels for customers, reinforce our industry competitive advantage, we are actively seeking to acquire or invest in businesses and build teams with AI capabilities and proprietary intellectual properties that enable more accurate marketing solutions and cost efficient content creation. We may also pursue acquisitions or investments in businesses that expand our blockchain-based SaaS services, including technologies and platforms related to the tokenization of real-world assets. On March 7, 2025, ChinaNet Investment Holding Limited (the “Purchaser”), a British Virgin Islands company and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of ZW Data Action Technologies Inc. (the “Registrant”) acquired the 10,000 shares of Rahula Digital Media (HK) Limited, a Hong Kong company (the "Rahula") that Vickie Chan, an individual (the “Seller”) owned, pursuant to that certain Share Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated March 3, 2025, entered into by and between the Purchaser and the Seller for a total consideration of US$0.6 million. Rahula owns 100% equity interest in Shenzhen Shangye Business Consulting Services Co., Ltd., a People’s Republic of China company (together as “Rahula Group”). Rahula Group is principally engaged in the development and monetization of intellectual property rights on agent management, marketing data management, targeted marketing and mass marketing systems and technologies. The acquisition of Rahula Group and its intellectual property has enabled us to establish our IP services business segment. We generate revenue by licensing the intellectual property acquired through Rahula Group to customers. In the short term, we expect that cash flows generated from this business segment to help improve our liquidity, as it does not require significant ongoing capital investment or material cash outflows. On November 24, 2025, we changed the corporate name of Rahula to Cnet Technology (HK) Limited.

On September 17, 2025, CNET Technology Limited ("CNET Technology"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of ZW Data Action Technologies Inc. (the “Company”) in the British Virgin Islands, entered into a purchase agreement with B Ocean Capital Management Limited, a Cayman Islands company, and Oasis Management Consultant Limited, a Hong Kong company (collectively with B Ocean Capital Management Limited, the “Sellers”) and Titans Investment Asset Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands company (“Titans”), pursuant to which each Seller will sell its 9.80% equity interests in Titans (the “Titans Equity Interests”) to CNET Technology. In consideration for the Titans Equity Interests, CNET Technology shall pay to the Sellers totaling $300,000 in cash and cause the Company to issue 200,000 shares of common stock of the Company, having a total value of $420,000 and valued at $2.10 per share, to the Sellers. CNET Technology obtained the Titans Equity Interests on October 21, 2025; however, as of the date of this report, the Company has not yet issued the 200,000 shares of common stock to the Sellers and the closing of the transaction has not yet taken place. Titans is principally engaged in providing digital marketing and advertising services.

On October 28, 2025, CNET Technology, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company in the British Virgin Islands, entered into a purchase agreement (the “Acquisition Agreement”) with Fun Star Group INC., a British Virgin Islands company (“Fun Star”) and Modest Attack Limited, a British Virgin Islands company (“Modest”), pursuant to which Fun Star will sell its 9.9% equity interests in Modest (the “ Modest Equity Interests”) to CNET Technology. In consideration for the Modest Equity Interests, CNET Technology shall pay to Fun Star $625,000 in cash and cause the Company to issue 150,000 shares of common stock of the Company, having a total value of $375,000 and valued at $2.50 per share, to Fun Star. The closing of the acquisition is subject to customary terms and conditions as set forth in the Acquisition Agreement. Modest is principally engaged in providing consulting and technology development services related to the tokenization of real-world assets, including token economics design, blockchain platform development, ecosystem infrastructure support, and digital asset monitoring and management.

In addition, for the next 12 months from the date hereof, we anticipate to generate additional cash inflows and/or improve our liquidity through the following: (1) our short-term working capital loans provided to unrelated parties will mature within the next 12 months that we anticipate collecting these loan principals and the related interest income within the next 12 months; (2) equity financing; (3) we plan to reduce our operating costs through optimizing the personnel structure among different offices and reduce our office leasing spaces, if needed. This may incur incremental costs related to employee layoff compensation and contract termination penalty.

If the Company fails to achieve these goals, the Company may need additional financing to execute its business plan. If additional financing is required, the Company cannot predict whether this additional financing will be in the form of equity, debt, or another form, and the Company may not be able to obtain the necessary additional capital on a timely basis, on acceptable terms, or at all. In the event that financing sources are not available, or that the Company is unsuccessful in increasing its gross profit margin and reducing operating losses, the Company may be unable to implement its current plans for expansion, repay debt obligations or respond to competitive pressures, any of which would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.

The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2025 have been prepared under the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates, among other things, the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business over a reasonable period of time. The Company's ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its uncertain ability to increase gross profit margin and reduce operating loss from its core business and/or obtain additional equity and/or debt financing. The accompanying financial statements as of December 31, 2025 do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties. If the Company is unable to continue as a going concern, it may have to liquidate its assets and may receive less than the value at which those assets are carried on the financial statements.