v3.26.1
Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense consists of the following:

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Current tax provision

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

$

 

 

$

 

State

 

 

130

 

 

 

178

 

Total current provision

 

 

130

 

 

 

178

 

Deferred income taxes:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

 

 

 

 

 

State

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total deferred income taxes

 

 

 

 

 

 

Provision for income taxes

 

$

130

 

 

$

178

 

 

Summary of Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate to the Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate The following table is a reconciliation of our effective income tax rate to the statutory federal income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2025 in accordance with the guidance in ASU 2023-09:

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2025

 

 

Amount

 

Rate

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income benefit at statutory federal rate

 

$

(49,727

)

 

 

 

21.0

 

%

State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit (1)

 

 

80

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tax credits

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal research and development credit

 

 

(6,417

)

 

 

 

2.7

 

 

Changes in valuation allowance

 

 

51,133

 

 

 

 

(21.7

)

 

Nontaxable or nondeductible items

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stock-based compensation

 

 

4,375

 

 

 

 

(1.8

)

 

Officers compensation

 

 

291

 

 

 

 

(0.1

)

 

Other

 

 

45

 

 

 

 

 

 

Changes in unrecognized tax benefits

 

 

350

 

 

 

 

(0.2

)

 

Provision benefit for income taxes

 

$

130

 

 

 

 

(0.1

)

%

(1) The state that contributes to the majority (greater than 50%) of the tax effect in this category relates to Massachusetts for the year ended December 31, 2025.

A reconciliation of the Company's federal income tax rate and effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 in accordance with the guidance prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-09 is summarized as follows:

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2024

Federal income taxes

 

 

21.0

 

%

State income taxes, net of federal benefit

 

 

3.7

 

 

Permanent differences

 

 

(0.1

)

 

Research and development tax credits

 

 

6.4

 

 

Transaction costs

 

 

0.7

 

 

Executive compensation

 

 

(1.3

)

 

Tax law change

 

 

(2.9

)

 

Valuation allowance

 

 

(27.6

)

 

Effective income tax rate

 

 

(0.1

)

%

 

Summary of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are summarized as follows:

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Deferred tax assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net operating losses

 

$

164,685

 

 

$

112,075

 

Capitalized license agreements

 

 

33,096

 

 

 

34,699

 

Capitalized research and development expense

 

 

87,212

 

 

 

81,544

 

Research and development credits

 

 

35,430

 

 

 

28,716

 

Compensation related

 

 

9,386

 

 

 

6,887

 

Operating lease liabilities

 

 

120

 

 

 

465

 

Other

 

 

358

 

 

 

531

 

Total deferred tax assets

 

 

330,287

 

 

 

264,917

 

Less: valuation allowance

 

 

(330,182

)

 

 

(264,379

)

Total deferred tax assets less valuation allowance

 

 

105

 

 

 

538

 

Deferred tax liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating lease right-of-use assets

 

 

(105

)

 

 

(446

)

Fixed assets

 

 

 

 

 

(92

)

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

 

(105

)

 

 

(538

)

Net deferred tax assets

 

$

 

 

$

 

Summary of NOL and Tax Credit Carryforwards

NOLs and tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2025, were as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

Amount

 

 

Expiration Years

NOLs, federal (post-December 31, 2017)

 

$

592,856

 

 

Indefinite (1)

NOLs, federal (pre-January 1, 2018)

 

 

40,370

 

 

2034 through 2036

NOLs, state

 

 

543,402

 

 

2034 thru 2045

Research and development tax credits, federal

 

 

33,679

 

 

2034 thru 2045

Research and development tax credits, California

 

 

6,806

 

 

Indefinite

Research and development tax credits, Massachusetts

 

 

1,586

 

 

2034 thru 2040

(1) NOL carryforward generated after 2017 which can be carried forward indefinitely and can generally be used to offset up to 80% of future taxable income

Summary of Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of total gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Beginning balance of unrecognized tax benefits

 

$

9,681

 

 

$

8,664

 

Gross increase based on tax positions related to current year

 

 

358

 

 

 

1,805

 

Gross decrease based on tax positions related to prior years

 

 

 

 

 

(788

)

Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits

 

$

10,039

 

 

$

9,681