8. INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Prepaid patented licenses and computer software are finite-lived intangible assets which are amortized over their estimated useful life. Amortization expenses for finite-lived intangible assets amounted to $ nil and $19,219 for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 respectively.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Group terminated two of the licenses. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Group terminated four of the licenses. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Group terminated 5 of the licenses.

The Group considered that the carrying amount of these intangible assets are not recoverable and are fully impaired. As a result, the Group recorded $519,496 impairment loss on intangible assets in research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023. Besides, an impairment loss related to the computer software for Hong Kong healthcare services amounted to $128,128 was recorded in research and development expenses, and $1,841 was recorded in other operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There is no such impairment loss during the year ended December 31, 2025.

The Group does not expect any amortization expense related to its finite-lived intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter to be as follows as of December 31, 2025.