v3.26.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Principles of Consolidation and Nature of Operations

Avidia Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company,” “we” or “us”) is the holding company for Avidia Bank (the "Bank") that was created upon the conversion of Assabet Valley Bancorp, the mutual holding company and sole stockholder of Avidia Bank, from the mutual form of organization to the stock form of organization. The conversion was completed on July 31, 2025. Prior to July 31, 2025, the conversion had not yet been completed and the Company had no assets or liabilities and had not conducted any business activities other than organizational activities. Accordingly, the audited consolidated financial statements, and related notes, and other financial information included in this report at or for any period prior to July 31, 2025 relate to Assabet Valley Bancorp.

 

The consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). The Company is a Maryland corporation, headquartered in Hudson, Massachusetts. These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, and its wholly owned subsidiary, Avidia Bank, and its subsidiaries, Hudson Security Corporation, Eli Whitney Securities Corporation and 42 Main Street Corporation. The Bank is a Massachusetts-chartered savings bank that provides depository and loan products to individual and corporate customers primarily in the central Massachusetts region. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

The Company has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition and/or disclosure through the date these financial statements were issued.

 

Conversion and Change in Corporate Form

Pursuant to the Plan of Conversion (the "Plan"), Assabet Valley Bancorp converted from the mutual to stock form of organization on July 31, 2025 and Avidia Bank became the wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. In connection with the conversion, Assabet Valley Bancorp established a Massachusetts stock corporation as a first-tier subsidiary and Assabet Valley Bancorp merged with and into the Massachusetts stock corporation, with the Massachusetts stock corporation as the surviving entity. Immediately thereafter the Massachusetts stock corporation merged with and into the Company, with the Company as the surviving entity and Avidia Bank becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.

 

Pursuant to the Plan, the Company sold 19,176,250 shares of common stock in a public offering at $10.00 per share, including 1,606,100 shares of common stock purchased by the Bank's employee stock ownership plan, for net offering proceeds of approximately $185.8 million. The Company completed the offering on July 31, 2025. Effective as of July 31, 2025, the Company donated $1.0 million of cash and 900,000 shares of common stock to the Avidia Bank Charitable Foundation (the "Foundation"). A total of 20,076,250 shares of common stock of the Company were issued and outstanding immediately after the donation to the Foundation. The purchase of the common stock by the ESOP was financed by a loan from the Company.

In connection with the conversion, the Company and the Bank established liquidation accounts in an amount equal to Assabet Valley Bancorp’s total equity as reflected in the latest consolidated balance sheets contained in the final offering prospectus for the conversion. The liquidation accounts will be maintained for the benefit of eligible account holders (as defined in the Plan) and supplemental eligible account holders (as defined in the Plan) (collectively, “eligible depositors”) who continue to maintain their deposit accounts in the Bank after the conversion. In the event of a complete liquidation of either (i) the Bank or (ii) the Bank and the Company (and only in such events), eligible depositors who continue to maintain their deposit accounts will be entitled to receive a distribution from the liquidation accounts before any distribution may be made with respect to the common stock of the Company.

 

The Company may not declare or pay a cash dividend if the effect thereof would cause its equity to be reduced below either the amount required for the liquidation accounts or the regulatory capital requirements imposed by its respective bank regulators.

 

Reclassification

Certain items in prior financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

 

Use of Estimates

In preparing consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses and the realizability of deferred tax assets.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the consolidated statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash and balances due from banks and federal funds sold, all of which mature within ninety days. Cash accounts at correspondent banks are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250 thousand; at times balances exceed this amount. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant risk with the cash in banks.

 

Securities

Debt securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as “held to maturity” and recorded at amortized cost. Debt securities not classified as held to maturity are classified as “available for sale” and recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax. Equity securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in net income. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment. The Company sold all equity securities during 2024.

Purchase premiums are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the lesser of the expected terms or the period to the earliest call date of the securities. Purchase discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method through the maturity of the securities. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method.

For available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For available for sale debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an ACL is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an ACL is recognized in other comprehensive income. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there was no impairment recorded on securities.


Changes in the ACL are recorded as credit loss expense (or reversal). Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of an available for sale security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there was
no ACL on securities.

Management measures expected credit losses on held to maturity debt securities on an individual basis by major security types that share similar risk characteristics, which may include, but is not limited to, credit ratings, financial asset type, collateral type, size, effective interest rate, term, geographical location, industry, and vintage.

Management classifies the held to maturity portfolio into the following major security types: subordinated debt and corporate bonds. The Company invests in subordinated debt issued only by financial institutions. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company held one corporate bond issued by a national financial institution.

The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Given the rarity of subordinated debt and corporate bond defaults and losses, the Company utilizes external third-party financial analysis models as the sole source of default and loss rates. Management may exercise discretion to make adjustments based on various qualitative factors.

Changes in the ACL are recorded as credit loss expense (or reversal). A held to maturity debt security is written-off in the period in which a determination is made that all or a portion of the financial asset is uncollectible. Any previously recorded allowance, if any, is reversed and then the amortized cost basis is written down to the amount deemed to be collectible, if any.

Accrued interest receivable on investments totaled $1.2 million and $1.4 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Accrued interest receivable is reported on the consolidated balance sheets and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

 

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

The Company, as a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) system, is required to maintain an investment in capital stock of the FHLB. Based on redemption provisions of the FHLB, the stock has no quoted market value and is carried at cost subject to adjustments for any observable market transactions on the same or similar instruments of the investee. At its discretion, the FHLB may declare dividends on the stock. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, no impairment has been recognized.

 

Tax Credit Investments

The Company invests in qualified affordable housing projects through limited liability entities to obtain tax benefits and to contribute to its local community. The Company has elected to account for these investments using the proportional amortization method whereby the amortization of the investment in the limited liability entity is in proportion to the tax credits utilized each year and amortization is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of income tax expense. These investments are reported in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets in the amounts of $911 thousand and $1.2 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

 

Loans Held For Sale

Loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value in the aggregate. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to income.

Loans

The Company grants mortgage, commercial and consumer loans to customers. A substantial portion of the loan portfolio is represented by mortgage loans throughout central Massachusetts.

The ability of the Company’s debtors to honor their contracts is dependent upon real estate values and general economic conditions in this area.

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at amortized cost, net of the ACL. Amortized cost is the principal balance outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs.


Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled
$6.4 million and $6.3 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Accrued interest receivable is reported on the consolidated balance sheets and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments.

Loans past due 30 days or more are considered delinquent. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time

the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the credit is well secured and in process of collection. Residential real estate loans are generally written down to the collectible amount when the loan is delinquent for 180 consecutive days. Commercial and commercial real estate loans are charged-off in part or in full if they are considered uncollectible. Consumer and home equity loans are typically charged-off no later than 180 days past due. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

All interest accrued but not received for loans placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Under the cost-recovery method, interest income is not recognized until the loan balance is reduced to zero. Under the cash-basis method, interest income is recorded when the payment is received in cash. The cost-recovery approach is more conservative and therefore the standard method used. Cash-basis method may be used when a loan is well-secured and in the process of collection, for example through collateral liquidation. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

 

Allowance for Credit Losses

The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans are charged off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Management evaluates the appropriateness of the ACL on loans quarterly. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change from period to period.

Management estimates the ACL using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. A reversion methodology is applied beyond the reasonable and supportable forecasts. Qualitative adjustments are then considered for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics, such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values, or other relevant factors, that may include, but are not limited to, results of internal loan reviews, examinations by bank regulatory agencies, or other such events such as a natural disaster.

The ACL on loans represents the Company’s estimated risk of loss within its loan portfolio as of the reporting date. To appropriately measure expected credit losses, management disaggregates the loan portfolio into pools of similar risk characteristics. During 2025, the Company's loan portfolio segments were updated to more closely align with regulatory call report classifications. The Company’s loan portfolio segments were as follows as of December 31, 2025:

 

Real Estate

Commercial and Industrial

Consumer

One to four family residential
Condominium associations
Consumer
Home equity and second mortgages
Other commercial and industrial

 

 

Commercial real estate
PPP loans

 

 

Commercial real estate multifamily

 

 

 

Construction and land

 

 

 

The Company’s loan portfolio segments were as follows as of December 31, 2024:

 

 

Commercial

Residential Real Estate

Consumer

 

Business manager
Home equity
Consumer installment

 

Condominium associations
Residential
Overdraft and unsecured

 

Construction and land

 

Passbook CD loans

 

Commercial real estate

 

 

 

Commercial real estate multifamily

 

 

 

Dental commercial & industrial

 

 

 

Other business

 

 

 

PPP loans

 

 

 

Solar

 

 

 

Vehicle financing

 

 


During 2025, the Company converted from the remaining life method to the discounted cash flow ("DCF") method to estimate expected credit losses for all loan pools except consumer loans, which continues to use the remaining life method. This change was made to improve the precision of the calculation. Below is a summary of the impact by segment:

 

(In thousands)

 

December 31, 2025
Remaining Life Method

 

 

Impact of Methodology Change

 

 

 

December 31, 2025
DCF Method

 

Real estate loans

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

One to four family residential

 

$

2,382

 

 

$

1,055

 

 

 

$

3,437

 

Home equity and second mortgages

 

 

224

 

 

 

112

 

 

 

 

336

 

Commercial real estate

 

 

8,330

 

 

 

(2,458

)

 

 

 

5,872

 

Commercial real estate multifamily

 

 

370

 

 

 

614

 

 

 

 

984

 

Construction and land

 

 

623

 

 

 

(233

)

 

 

 

390

 

Total real estate loans

 

 

11,929

 

 

 

(910

)

 

 

 

11,019

 

Commercial and industrial loans

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Condominium associations

 

 

2,880

 

 

 

87

 

 

 

 

2,967

 

Other commercial and industrial

 

 

6,865

 

 

 

1,074

 

 

 

 

7,939

 

Total commercial loans

 

 

9,745

 

 

 

1,161

 

 

 

 

10,906

 

Consumer loans

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Consumer

 

 

93

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

93

 

Total consumer loans

 

 

93

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

93

 

Total ACL on loans:

 

$

21,767

 

 

$

251

 

 

 

$

22,018

 

 

Within the DCF model, probability of default ("PD") and loss given default ("LGD") assumptions are applied to calculate the expected loss for each segment. PD is management’s estimate of the probability the asset will default within a given timeframe and LGD is management’s estimate of the percentage of assets not expected to be collected due to default. The Company's PD and LGD assumptions may be derived from internal historical default and loss experience or from external data where there are not statistically meaningful loss events for a loan segment, or it does not have default and loss data that covers a full economic cycle.

 

As of December 31, 2025, the primary macroeconomic drivers used within the DCF model included forecasts of civilian unemployment and changes in national gross domestic product ("GDP"). Management monitors and assesses its macroeconomic drivers at least annually to determine whether they continue to be the most predictive indicator of losses within the Company's loan portfolio, and these macroeconomic drivers may change from time to time.

 

To determine its reasonable and supportable forecast, management may leverage macroeconomic forecasts obtained from various reputable sources, which may include, but are not limited to, the Federal Open Market Committee ("FOMC") forecast and other publicly available forecasts from well recognized, leading economists or firms. The Company's

reasonable and supportable forecast period generally ranges from one to two years, depending on the facts and circumstances of the current state of the economy, portfolio segment, and management's judgment of what can be

reasonably supported and generally reverts back to its historical loss rate over one year on a straight-line basis. When appropriate management may lengthen or shorten the reversion period. Management monitors and assesses the forecast and reversion period at least annually, or more frequently as circumstances warrant. The Company used a one-year forecast and reversion period to calculate the ACL on loans as of December 31, 2025.

 

When the DCF method is used to determine the ACL, management adjusts the effective interest rate used to discount expected cash flows to incorporate expected prepayments. Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loans. For term loans, the contractual life is calculated based on the maturity date. For loans with no stated maturity date, the contractual life is based on the estimated maturity based on the individual loan segments. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals, and modifications. In calculating the ACL on loans, the contractual life of a loan must be adjusted for prepayments to arrive at expected cash flows. The Company models term loans using an annualized prepayment. For revolving loans that do not have a principal payment schedule, a curtailment rate is factored into the expected cash flow.

 

During 2024, the Company used the remaining life method to estimate expected credit losses for all loan pools. Under the remaining life method, the Company establishes a historical loss rate for each loan pool, utilizing either its own historical loss data or peer loss data. This historical loss rate is then adjusted for management’s reasonable and supportable forecast. For all loan pools utilizing the remaining life method, management identifies a historical period containing recessionary and exiting recession characteristics and uses loss rates from that period as the predictor of future loss rates. Expected credit losses are estimated over the loan pool’s estimated remaining life. A loan pool’s estimated remaining life is determined by calculating an annual attrition rate on a quarterly basis using the Company’s loan-level data. The estimated remaining life is then calculated based on the average of the quarterly annual attrition rates.

Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not also included in the collective evaluation. In general, loans considered for individual evaluation are loans risk rated 8 or higher, nonaccrual loans, and loans 90 days or greater past due. If management determines such loans have unique characteristics differing from the loan pool, the loan will be individually evaluated. Specific reserves are established when appropriate for such loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows of the loan. However, when management determines that foreclosure is probable or when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty at the reporting date and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate.

Management may also adjust its assumptions to account for differences between expected and actual losses from period-to-period. The variability of management’s assumptions could alter the ACL on loans materially and impact future results of operations and financial condition. The loss estimation models and methods used to determine the ACL are continually refined and enhanced.

Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures: In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into commitments to extend credit, including commercial letters of credit and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded as loans when they are funded.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures: The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The ACL related to off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted through credit loss expense or reversal. To appropriately measure expected credit losses, management disaggregates the off-balance sheet credit exposures into similar risk characteristics, identical to those determined for the loan portfolio. An estimated funding rate is then applied to the qualifying unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit using historical information or industry benchmarks provided by a reputable and independent source, to estimate the expected funded amount for each loan segment as of the reporting date.

 

Once the expected funded amount for each loan segment is determined, the loss rate, which is the calculated expected loan loss as a percent of the amortized cost basis for each loan segment, is applied to calculate the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures as of the reporting date. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had recognized an

ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures of $693 thousand and $998 thousand, respectively. This is recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

 

Bank-owned Life Insurance

Bank-owned life insurance policies are reflected on the consolidated balance sheets at cash surrender value. Changes in cash surrender value are reflected in non-interest income on the consolidated statements of operations and are not subject to income taxes.

 

Long-lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the estimated proceeds to be received, less cost to sell. To the extent that impairment is identified, the Company would reduce the carrying value of such assets. To date, the Company has not experienced any such impairment.

Premises and Equipment

Land is carried at cost. Buildings, leasehold improvements and furniture and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization computed on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the expected terms of the leases, if shorter. Expected terms include lease option periods to the extent that the exercise of such options is reasonably assured.

 

Foreclosed Assets

Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value at the date of foreclosure less estimated selling costs, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations, changes in the valuation allowance and any direct write downs are included in problem loan and foreclosed real estate, net on the consolidated statements of operations.

 

Goodwill

Avidia Bank was created by a merger between Hudson Savings Bank and Westborough Bank in 2007. Goodwill of $11.9 million resulting from the merger is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis. Impairment of goodwill is recognized in earnings. As of December 31, 2025, no impairment has been recognized.

Loan Servicing

Servicing rights are recognized as separate assets when rights are acquired through sale of financial assets and recorded at fair value. Fair value is determined using prices for similar assets with similar characteristics, when available, or based upon discounted cash flows using market-based assumptions. Changes in fair value are reported in mortgage banking income.

 

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of an entire financial asset, a group of entire financial assets, or a participating interest in an entire financial asset are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets.

During the normal course of business, the Company may transfer a portion of a loan. In order to be eligible for sales treatment, the transferred portion of the loan must meet the criteria of a participating interest. If it does not meet the criteria of a participating interest, the transfer must be accounted for as a secured borrowing. In order to meet the criteria for a participating interest, all cash flows from the loan must be divided proportionately, the rights of each loan holder must have the same priority, the loan holders must have no recourse to the transferor other than representations and warranties and no loan holder may have the right to pledge or exchange the entire loan.

 

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company earns merchant and payment processing fees from transactions conducted through the payments network. Payment processing fees from merchant transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services. Additional fees associated with implementation, processing of electronic (ACH) payments, bill presentment and real time payments are recognized on a monthly basis. The Company also offers products such as prepaid cards and benefit accounts. Revenue and expenses from payments processing are classified as non-interest income and non-interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.

 

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is determined based on the tax effects of the temporary differences between the book and tax bases of the various balance sheet assets and liabilities and gives current recognition to changes in tax rates and laws in the period of enactment. A valuation allowance is established against deferred tax assets when, based upon the available evidence including historical and projected taxable income, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

 

The Company does not have any uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2025 and 2024 which require accrual or disclosure. The Company records interest and penalties as part of income tax expense. No interest or penalties were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

 

Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP")

ESOP shares are shown as a reduction of shareholders' equity and are presented in the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity as unallocated common stock held by ESOP. Compensation expense for the Company’s ESOP is recorded at an amount equal to the shares committed to be allocated by the ESOP multiplied by the average fair market value of the shares during the period. The Company recognizes compensation expense ratably over the period based upon the Company’s estimate of the number of shares committed to be allocated by the ESOP. When the shares are released, unallocated common stock held by ESOP is reduced by the cost of the ESOP shares released and the difference between the average fair market value and the cost of the shares committed to be allocated by the ESOP is recorded as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital. The loan receivable from the ESOP is not reported as an asset nor is the Company’s guarantee to fund the ESOP reported as a liability on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The employees of the Bank are the participants in the ESOP. Dividends paid on unallocated shares are used to repay the loan to the Company.

 

Comprehensive Income

Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains, and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities are reported as a separate component of the capital section of the balance sheet, such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income.

Segment Information

The Company’s reportable segment is determined by the Chief Financial Officer, who is the designated chief operating decision maker, based upon information provided about the Company’s products and services offered, primarily banking operations. The segment is also distinguished by the level of information provided by the chief operating decision maker, who uses such information to review performance of various components of the business, which are then aggregated if operating performance, products/services, and customers are similar. The chief operating decision maker will evaluate the financial performance of the Company’s business components such as by evaluating revenue streams, significant expenses, and budget to actual results in assessing the Company’s segment and in the determination of allocating resources. The chief operating decision maker uses revenue streams to evaluate product pricing and significant expenses to assess performance and evaluate return on assets. The chief operating decision maker uses consolidated net income to benchmark the Company against its competitors. The benchmarking analysis coupled with monitoring of budget to actual results are used in assessing performance and in establishing

compensation. Loans, investments, and deposit product service fees provide the revenues in the banking operation. Interest expense, credit loss expense, and salaries and employee benefits, as reported on the consolidated statements of operations, provide the significant expenses in the banking operation. All operations are domestic.

Accounting policies for segments are the same as those described herein. Segment performance is evaluated using consolidated net income. The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheets as total consolidated assets. Noncash items, such as depreciation and amortization, as well as expenditures for premises and equipment, are reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows.

 

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU provides more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information, such as requiring the disclosure of specific categories in the rate reconciliation and the disaggregation of income tax expense and income taxes paid by federal, state, and foreign taxes. This ASU was adopted December 31, 2025, and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements

 

Future Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU will require public companies to disclose, in the notes to financial statements, specified information about certain costs and expenses at each interim and annual reporting period. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.