Corporate information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

1. Corporate information

Vale S.A. (“Parent Company”) is a public company headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Vale S.A.’s share capital consists of common shares traded on B3 under the code VALE3. The Company also has American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the code VALE. Additionally, the shares are traded on LATIBEX under the code XVALO, which is an unregulated electronic market established by the Madrid Stock Exchange for the trading of Latin American securities. The shareholding structure is presented in note 29 to these financial statements.

Vale S.A., together with its subsidiaries (“Vale” or the “Company”), is one of the world’s largest producers of iron ore and nickel, and also produces iron ore pellets and briquettes, copper, and by-products such as platinum-group metals (PGM), gold, silver, and cobalt.

The Company’s business is organized into two operating segments: “Iron Ore Solutions” and “Vale Base Metals” (note 3).

Iron Ore solutions

It comprises the extraction of iron ore, the production of pellets and briquettes, as well as large-scale logistics systems and distribution centers integrated with its mining operations, including railways, maritime terminals, and ports.

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Iron ore. The Company operates three systems in Brazil for the production and distribution of iron ore:

North System. Fully integrated, with three mining complexes, a railway, and a maritime terminal.

Southeast System. Fully integrated, with three mining complexes, a railway, and maritime terminals.

South System. Composed of two mining complexes and maritime terminals.

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Iron ore pellets and other ferrous products. Vale has a diversified portfolio of agglomerated products, including pellets and briquettes. The Company operates eight pelletizing plants in Brazil, two in Oman dedicated to pellet production, and two briquette plants in Brazil for briquette production.

Most of these products are sold to the international market through the group’s main trading company, Vale International S.A. (“VISA”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Vale headquartered in Switzerland.

Vale Base metals

The Vale Base Metals segment is operated by Vale Base Metals (VBM) and comprises the production of nickel, copper, and their respective by-products.

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Nickel. The main operations are conducted by Vale Canada Limited (“Vale Canada”), which operates mines and processing plants in Canada and Brazil, as well as nickel refining facilities in the United Kingdom and Japan. The Company also holds interests in nickel operations in Indonesia.

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Copper. In Brazil, the Company produces copper concentrates at Sossego and Salobo, located in Carajás, in the state of Pará. In Canada, through Vale Canada, it produces copper concentrates and cathodes associated with nickel operations in Sudbury (Ontario) and Voisey’s Bay (Newfoundland and Labrador).

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Other base metals. In Sudbury, the ore extracted generates cobalt, PGMs, silver, and gold as by-products, which are processed at the refining facilities in Port Colborne (Ontario). In Canada, the Company also produces refined cobalt at Long Harbour (Newfoundland and Labrador). The copper operations at Sossego and Salobo also produce silver and gold as by-products. The Company also has streaming transactions related to nickel and copper by-products, as presented in note 10 to these financial statements.

The Company also engages in greenfield mineral exploration in five countries: Brazil, Canada, Chile, Peru, and Indonesia. In addition, Vale holds interests in associates and joint ventures, primarily involved in the production of ferrous products and base metals, in the operation of logistics infrastructure, and in energy businesses that aim to meet part of Vale’s consumption needs through renewable sources. The list of the Company’s investments in subsidiaries, associates, and joint ventures is presented in note 30.