v3.26.1
Share-based payments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]  
Details of all share options granted under the schemes are set out below
                               
Date of grant   At 1 January
2025
   Granted in 2025   Lapsed in 2025   Forfeited in
2025
   At
31 December
2025
   Exercise
Price
 
19 December 2016    13                13   £484.00 
15 December 2017    38                38   £184.00 
24 April 2019    237                237   £29.20 
2 October 2019    1,500                1,500   £21.00 
17 April 2020    5,000                5,000   £4.80 
17 June 2020    26,450                26,450   £4.04 
15 July 2021    40,850            (600)   40,250   £5.55 
1 September 2021    6,000                6,000   £5.10 
7 February 2022    12,500                12,500   £3.05 
23 January 2024    144,000,000                144,000,000   £0.004 
10 February 2024    98,808,800            (15,752,000)   83,056,800   £0.003 
10 July 2024    85,922,000                85,922,000   £0.003 
     328,823,388            (15,752,600)   313,070,788      

Options exercisable at 31 December 2025   137,022,409 
Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options at 31 December 2025  £0.005 
Weighted average exercise price of options exercised in 2025    
Weighted average exercise price of options lapsed in 2025    
Weighted average exercise price of options forfeited in 2025  £0.003 
Weighted average exercise price of options granted in 2025    
Weighted average remaining contractual life of outstanding options at 31 December 2025   8.2 years 

Date of grant   At 1 January
2024
   Granted in 2024   Lapsed in 2024   Forfeited in
2024
   At
31 December
2024
   Exercise
Price
 
30 June 2014    25        (25)          £30.00 
19 December 2016    13                13   £484.00 
15 December 2017    40            (2)   38   £184.00 
24 April 2019    312            (75)   237   £29.20 
2 October 2019    1,500                1,500   £21.00 
17 April 2020    5,000                5,000   £4.80 
17 June 2020    27,350             (900)   26,450   £4.04 
15 July 2021    58,850            (18,000)   40,850   £5.55 
1 September 2021    6,000                  6,000   £5.10 
7 February 2022    12,500                12,500   £3.05 
23 January 2024        144,000,000            144,000,000   £0.004 
10 February 2024        130,313,200        (31,504,400)   98,808,800   £0.003 
10 July 2024        85,922,000            85,922,000   £0.003 
     111,590    360,235,200    (25)   (31,523,377    328,823,388      

Options exercisable at 31 December 2024   82,874 
Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options at 31 December 2024  £0.005 
Weighted average exercise price of options exercised in 2024    
Weighted average exercise price of options lapsed in 2024  £30.00 
Weighted average exercise price of options forfeited in 2024  £0.006 
Weighted average exercise price of options granted in 2024  £0.003 
Weighted average remaining contractual life of outstanding options at 31 December 2024    9.2 years 

Date of grant   At 1 January
2023
   Granted in 2023   Lapsed in 2023   Forfeited in
2023
   At
31 December
2023
   Exercise
Price
 
30 June 2014    25                25   £30.00 
19 December 2016    13                13   £484.00 
15 December 2017    40                40   £184.00 
24 April 2019    312                312   £29.20 
2 October 2019    1,500                1,500   £21.00 
17 April 2020    5,000                5,000   £4.80 
17 June 2020    33,600        (6,250)       27,350   £4.04 
15 July 2021    64,350            (5,500)   58,850   £5.55 
2 August 2021    2,500            (2,500)      £5.30 
1 September 2021    6,000                6,000   £5.10 
7 February 2022    18,750            (6,250)   12,500   £3.05 
12 August 2022    12,500            (12,500)      £2.10 
     144,590        (6,250)   (26,750)   111,590      

Options exercisable at 31 December 2023   75,720 
Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options at 31 December 2023  £5.241 
Weighted average exercise price of options exercised in 2023    
Weighted average exercise price of options lapsed in 2023  £4.04 
Weighted average exercise price of options forfeited in 2023  £3.33 
Weighted average exercise price of options granted in 2023    
Weighted average remaining contractual life of outstanding options at 31 December 2023   7.3 years 
Schedule of fair value of options granted
               
   January 2024   February 2024   July 2024 
Number of options   144,000,000    130,313,200    85,922,000 
Option pricing models used   Black-Scholes    Black-Scholes    Black-Scholes 
Share price  $1.90   $1.310   £0.00139 
Exercise price of options issued in year  $1.90   $1.310   £0.00259 
Contractual life   10 years    10 years    10 years 
Expected life   4 years    4 years    4 years 
Volatility   100.0%**   100.0%**   110.0%**
Expected dividend yield   0%   0%   0%
Risk free rate   4.110%   4.195%   4.025%

The share price used in the determination of the fair value of the options granted in 2024 was the share price on the date of grant.

 

** Volatility was calculated with reference to the historic share price volatility of comparable companies measured over a four-year period.
Schedule of warrants are accounted for as share based payments
                               
Date of grant   At 1 January
2025
   Granted in 2025   Lapsed in 2025   Forfeited in
2025
   At
31 December
2025
   Exercise
Price per ADS
 
24 March 2023    5                5   $58,000.00 
14 June 2023    44                44   $3,750.00 
21 December 2023    480                480   $625.00 
24 May 2024    644                644   $625.00 
22 July 2024    851                851   $312.50 
19 December 2025        152,439            152,439   $3.28 
     2,024    152,439            154,463      

Warrants exercisable at 31 December 2025   154,463 
Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options at 31 December 2025  $12.458 
Weighted average exercise price of options exercised in 2025    
Weighted average exercise price of options lapsed in 2025    
Weighted average exercise price of options forfeited in 2025    
Weighted average exercise price of options granted in 2025  $3.28 
Weighted average remaining contractual life of outstanding options at 31 December 2025   4.9 years 

Date of grant   At 1 January
2024
   Granted in 2024   Lapsed in 2024   Forfeited in
2024
   At
31 December
2024
   Exercise
Price per ADS
 
24 March 2023    5                5   $58,000.00 
14 June 2023    44                44   $3,750.00 
21 December 2023    480                480   $625.00 
24 May 2024        644            644   $625.00 
22 July 2024        851            851   $312.50 
     529    1,495            2,024      

Warrants exercisable at 31 December 2024   2,024 
Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options at 31 December 2024  $703.28 
Weighted average exercise price of options exercised in 2024    
Weighted average exercise price of options lapsed in 2024    
Weighted average exercise price of options forfeited in 2024    
Weighted average exercise price of options granted in 2024  $447.12 
Weighted average remaining contractual life of outstanding options at 31 December 2024   2.2 years 

 

Date of grant   At 1 January
2023
   Granted in 2023   Lapsed in 2023   Forfeited in
2023
   At
31 December
2023
   Exercise
Price per ADS
 
24 March 2023        5            5   $58,000.00 
14 June 2023        44            44   $3,750.00 
21 December 2023        480            480   $625.00 
         529            529      

Warrants exercisable at 31 December 2023   529 
Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options at 31 December 2023  $1,427.22 
Weighted average exercise price of options exercised in 2023    
Weighted average exercise price of options lapsed in 2023    
Weighted average exercise price of options forfeited in 2023    
Weighted average exercise price of options granted in 2023  $1,427.22 
Weighted average remaining contractual life of outstanding options at 31 December 2023   2.2 years 

Schedule of fair value of warrants granted
     
   December 2025 
Number of ADS warrants granted   152,439 
Option pricing models used   Black-Scholes 
Share price  $3.640 
Exercise price of warrants issued in year  $3.280 
Contractual life   5 years 
Expected life   5 years 
Volatility   110%**
Expected dividend yield   0%
Risk free rate   3.70%

 

* The share price used in the determination of the fair value of the ADS warrants granted in 2025 was the ADS price on the date of grant.
   
** Volatility was calculated with reference to the historic share price volatility of comparable companies measured over a three-year period.

 

The following information is relevant in the determination of the fair value of warrants granted during the year 2024.

 

   May 2024   July 2024 
Number of ADS warrants granted   644    851 
Option pricing models used   Black-Scholes    Black-Scholes 
Share price  $325.00   $198.50 
Exercise price of warrants issued in year  $625.00   $312.50 
Contractual life   3 years    3 years 
Expected life   3 years    3 years 
Volatility   115%**   115%**
Expected dividend yield   0%   0%
Risk free rate   4.71%   4.29%

 

* The share price used in the determination of the fair value of the ADS warrants granted in 2024 was the ADS price on the date of grant.
   
** Volatility was calculated with reference to the historic share price volatility of comparable companies measured over a three-year period.

 

The following information is relevant in the determination of the fair value of warrants granted during the year 2023.

 

   March 2023   June 2023   December 2023 
Number of ADS warrants granted   5    44    480 
Option pricing models used   Black-Scholes    Black-Scholes    Black-Scholes 
Share price  $50,400.00*  $2,635.00*  $632.50 
Exercise price of warrants issued in year  $58,000.00   $3,750.00   $625.00 
Contractual life   3 years    3 years    3 years 
Expected life   3 years    3 years    3 years 
Volatility   75.00%**   80.00%**   60%**
Expected dividend yield   0%   0%   0%
Risk free rate   4.35%   4.04%   4.06%

 

* The share price used in the determination of the fair value of the ADS warrants granted in 2023 was the ADS price on the date of grant.
   
** Volatility was calculated with reference to the historic share price volatility of comparable companies measured over a three-year period.