Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and all other subsidiaries over which the Company exerts control. All intercompany profits, transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The remaining interests not owned by the Company are presented as a non-controlling interest component of total equity. Basis of Presentation The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company included herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of such information. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Certain prior amounts have been reclassified or combined to conform to the current year presentation. Liquidity and Going Concern The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. However, as of the date of these financial statements, there is substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The principal conditions leading to this conclusion are the upcoming maturities of the Company's debt obligations. Based on these conditions, the Company may not be able to meet its obligations at maturity nor comply with certain cross-default provisions under the 2027 Senior Secured Notes over the next twelve months, or any potential breach of the milestone covenant of the 10.50% 2027 Senior Secured Notes Indenture which has required the Company to commence a sales process for all or substantially all of DBM Global’s assets or equity interests in accordance with certain dates and deadlines. Refer to Note 11. Debt Obligations for additional information. Management has evaluated the significance of these conditions in relation to the Company's ability to meet its obligations. The potential inability to refinance or extend the maturity of the aforementioned current debt, or to obtain additional financing, raises substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The Company plans to alleviate these conditions through various initiatives it is currently exploring, including pursuing asset sales, and potentially refinancing debt and raising additional capital. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will have the ability to be successful in any asset sales, additional capital raises or the refinancing of its existing debt, on attractive terms or at all, nor any assurances that lenders will provide additional extensions, waivers or amendments in the event of future non-compliance with the Company’s debt covenants or other possible events of default. Further, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to execute a reduction, extension, or refinancing of the debt, or that the terms of any replacement financing would be as favorable as the terms of the debt prior to the maturity dates. There can be no assurance that these plans will be successfully implemented or that they will mitigate the conditions that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. These Consolidated Financial Statements do not include any adjustments to the carrying amounts and classification of assets, liabilities, or expenses that may result if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern. Use of Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and various disclosures within these consolidated financial statements as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of net revenue and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Significant estimates include the recognition of revenue and project profit or loss, which require estimates regarding the extent of progress towards completion on contracts and contract revenue and costs on long-term contracts; allowances for credit losses; fair value estimates, including the valuation of certain investments, market assumptions used in estimating the fair values of certain assets (including goodwill and intangibles) and liabilities, the calculation used in determining the fair value of equity awards required by ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"); income taxes and various other contingencies. Estimates of fair value represent the Company’s best estimates developed with the assistance of independent appraisals or various valuation techniques and, where the foregoing have not yet been completed or are not available, industry data and trends and by reference to relevant market rates and transactions. The estimates and assumptions are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies beyond the control of the Company. Accordingly, the Company cannot provide assurance that the estimates, assumptions, and values reflected in the valuations will be realized, and actual results could vary materially. Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents are comprised principally of amounts in interest bearing checking accounts and money market accounts with original maturities of three months or less. The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its current cash with financial institutions with balances that may exceed federally insured limits. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained at financial institutions that management considers to be of high credit quality. The Company's restricted cash balances consist of funds that are contractually or legally restricted as to usage or withdrawal and have been presented separately from cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in the Other current assets and Other assets (noncurrent), as applicable, and are primarily comprised of security deposits for long-term leases, which are held in separate bank accounts. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured and classified in accordance with a three-tier fair value hierarchy based on the observability of the inputs available in the market used to measure fair value: •Level 1 - Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. •Level 2 - Inputs that are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable in the market or can be derived from observable market data. Where applicable, these models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs including interest rate curves, foreign exchange rates, and credit ratings. •Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activities. The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. In instances in which the inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the fair value measurement classification is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the financial instrument. The Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis included investment(s) in marketable equity securities. Our financial assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include equity securities without readily determinable fair values. Other financial assets and liabilities are carried at cost (initial fair value) or amortized cost where applicable, with the current fair value disclosed, if required. Allowance for Credit Losses The Company maintains allowances for credit losses, for its financial assets, primarily for accounts receivable and contract assets, in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). Accounts receivable are stated at amounts due from customers net of allowance for expected credit losses. The measurement and recognition of the allowance for credit losses involves the use of judgment and represents management’s estimate of expected lifetime credit losses based on historical experience and trends, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Any changes in these assumptions can lead to a change in the estimate. Management’s assessment of expected credit losses includes consideration of current and expected economic, market and industry factors affecting the Company’s customers, including their financial condition and other factors affecting their ability to pay; the aging of account balances; historical credit loss experience; customer concentrations; and customer credit-worthiness; among other factors. Management has elected to use a risk-based, pool-level segmentation framework to calculate the expected loss rate. Management evaluates its experience with historical losses and then applies this historical loss ratio to financial assets with similar characteristics. The Company’s historical loss ratio or its determination of risk pools may be adjusted for changes in customer, economic, market or other circumstances. The Company may also establish an allowance for credit losses for specific receivables when it is probable that the receivable will not be collected and the loss can be reasonably estimated. At each balance sheet date, all past due or potentially uncollectible accounts are assessed individually for the purpose of determining the appropriate allowance for credit losses. Once collection efforts by the Company are exhausted, the determination for charging off uncollectible receivables is made and the receivable is written off against the allowance, and reversals of previously reserved amounts are recognized if a specifically reserved item is settled for an amount exceeding the previous estimate. Subsequent to year end, on January 1, 2026, the Company adopted ASU 2025-05 and is utilizing the practical expedient when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). See the Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Pending Adoption section below for additional information. Inventory Inventory, which is primarily composed of steel components for construction projects at DBM, is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value under the first-in, first-out method. Provision for obsolescence is made where appropriate and is charged to cost of revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. These costs include only direct labor and expenses incurred to date and exclude any allocation of overhead. The policy for long-term work in progress contracts is disclosed within the Revenue and Cost Recognition accounting policy in Note 3. Revenue and Contracts in Process. Investments The Company utilizes the equity method to account for investments when it possesses the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the operating and financial policies of the investee. The ability to exercise significant influence is presumed when an investor possesses more than 20% of the voting interests of the investee, such as with our investments in MediBeacon and Scaled Cell, of which the Company owns a 44.6% interest in MediBeacon and a 20.1% interest in Scaled Cell as of December 31, 2025. This presumption may be overcome based on specific facts and circumstances that demonstrate that the ability to exercise significant influence is restricted. The Company applies the equity method to investments in common stock and to other investments when such other investments possess substantially identical subordinated interests to common stock. In applying the equity method, the Company records the investment at cost and subsequently increases or decreases the carrying amount of the investment by its proportionate share of the net earnings or losses and other comprehensive income (loss) of the investee, as well as any changes as a result of changes in ownership. In the event that net losses of the investee reduce the carrying amount to zero, additional net losses may be recorded if other investments in the investee are at-risk, even if the Company has not committed to provide financial support to the investee. Such additional equity method losses, if any, are based upon the change in the Company's claim on the investee’s book value. Investments in marketable equity securities are carried at fair value and the Company records the changes in fair values in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as a component of Other income, net. The Company utilizes the measurement alternative method to account for investments when it does not possess the ability to exercise significant influence or control and the investment does not have a readily determinable fair value. Under this method, investments are initially recognized at cost and subsequently measured at cost, adjusted for any observable changes in the fair value of the investment. In addition, the Company reviews the carrying value of investments measured under the measurement alternative for impairment on a regular basis. If there is an indication of impairment, the Company assesses whether the carrying value of the investment exceeds its recoverable amount. Any impairment losses are recognized in the financial statements. The Company's investments are recorded as a separate line in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Income or loss from equity method investments is recorded as a separate line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Changes in the fair value of equity securities and impairments recognized for measurement alternative method investments, if any, are recorded within Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Accounting for Income Taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of transactions and events. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the book basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. If necessary, deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to an amount that is determined to be more likely than not recoverable. The determination of the valuation allowance requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions about future taxable income and future tax consequences when determining the amount of the valuation allowance. The additional guidance provided by ASC No. 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”), clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the financial statements. Expected outcomes of current or anticipated tax examinations, refund claims and tax-related litigation and estimates regarding additional tax liability (including interest and penalties thereon) or refunds resulting therefrom will be recorded based on the guidance provided by ASC 740 to the extent applicable. The tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is recognized only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. These assessments of uncertain tax positions contain judgments related to the interpretation of tax regulations in the jurisdictions in which the Company transacts business. The judgments and estimates made at a point in time may change based on the outcome of tax audits, expiration of statutes of limitations, as well as changes to, or further interpretations of, tax laws and regulations. At December 31, 2025, the Company's U.S. and foreign companies had significant deferred tax assets primarily attributable to tax loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets generated by certain businesses that are not included in the INNOVATE Corp. U.S. consolidated income tax return have been reduced by a full valuation allowance. Based on evaluation of available positive and negative evidence, management had determined that it was more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets of the INNOVATE Corp. U.S. consolidated filing group will not be realized. Accordingly, a full valuation allowance was maintained against the INNOVATE Corp. U.S. consolidated filing group’s net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2025. This assessment was based on cumulative historical losses and management's assumptions regarding future taxable income of each affiliate and the timing of the reversal of deferred tax assets and liabilities. In relation to tax effects for accumulated other comprehensive income ("OCI"), our policy is to release the tax effects of amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI to pre-tax income (loss) from continuing operations. Any remaining tax effect in accumulated OCI is released following a portfolio approach. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, which is provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are regularly evaluated. The estimated useful lives of the assets range from 5 to 40 years for buildings and leasehold improvements, 3 to 15 years for equipment, furniture and fixtures, and 3 to 20 years for transportation equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lives of the leases or estimated useful lives of the assets, whichever is shorter. Assets under construction are not depreciated until they are complete and available for use. Land is not depreciated. Purchased property and equipment is recorded at cost, or, if acquired in a business combination, at the acquisition date fair value. Cost includes the original purchase price of the asset, the costs attributable to bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use and finance costs incurred prior to the asset being available for use, as well as any subsequent major expenditures for improvements and replacements which extend useful lives or increase capacity of the assets. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Finance lease assets are recognized based on the present value of minimum future lease payments. Costs for internal-use software that are incurred in the preliminary project stage and in the post-implementation stage are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred during the application development stage are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the software, beginning when the software project is ready for its intended use, over the estimated useful life of the software, typically 3 years. When assets are sold or otherwise retired, the costs and accumulated amortization and depreciation are removed from the books and the resulting gain or loss is included in operating results. Property, plant and equipment that have been included as part of the assets held-for-sale are no longer amortized or depreciated from the time that they are classified as such. The Company periodically utilizes a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of its property, plant and equipment is less than its carrying value, and, if so, quantitatively evaluates the carrying value of its property, plant and equipment based upon the estimated cash flows to be generated by the related assets. If an impairment is indicated, a loss is recognized. Acquisitions The Company accounts for acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires, among other things, that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. Estimates of fair value included in the Consolidated Financial Statements represent the Company’s best estimates and valuations developed, when needed, with the assistance of independent appraisers or, where such valuations have not yet been completed or are not available, industry data and trends and by reference to relevant market rates and transactions. Such estimates and assumptions are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies beyond the control of the Company. Accordingly, the Company cannot provide assurance that the estimates, assumptions, and values reflected in the valuations will be realized, and actual results could vary materially. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized, but, rather, tested for impairment. The Company tests goodwill for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter (October 1st) or when factors indicate that the carrying amounts of assets may not be recoverable and there is a potential impairment. The factors that management considers important, and which could trigger an impairment review, include, but are not limited to: a more likely than not expectation of selling or disposing all, or a portion, of a reporting unit; a significant decline in the market value of the Company's common stock or debt securities for a sustained period; a material adverse change in economic, financial market, industry or sector trends; a material failure to achieve operating results relative to historical levels or projected future levels; and significant changes in operations or business strategy. The Company elected to utilize a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value, and if so, a quantitative test is performed. The quantitative evaluation for impairment of indefinite-lived intangibles consists of a comparison of the fair value of an intangible asset with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to the excess. Under the quantitative test, management estimates the fair value of a reporting unit, which requires various assumptions including projections of future cash flows, perpetual growth rates and discount rates. The assumptions about future cash flows and growth rates are based on our assessment of a number of factors, including the reporting unit’s recent performance against budget, performance in the market that the reporting unit serves, and industry and general economic data from third-party sources. Discount rate assumptions are based on an assessment of the risk inherent in those future cash flows. Changes to the underlying businesses could affect the future cash flows, which in turn could affect the fair value of the reporting unit. Further, management assesses the current market capitalization, forecasts and the amount by which the fair values exceeded the carrying values. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to the excess. Based on qualitative assessments performed as of October 1, 2025, management determined it was more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting units and the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded their carrying values, and, as such, no impairment was required. Intangible assets not subject to amortization (i.e. indefinite-lived intangibles) consist of certain television broadcast licenses. Intangible assets subject to amortization consists of certain trade names, customer contracts and developed technology. These finite-lived intangible assets are amortized based on their estimated useful lives. Impairment on such assets is recognized and measured only if there are events and circumstances that indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The amount of impairment of other long-lived assets (excluding goodwill) is calculated as the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the fair market value of the asset, which is generally determined based on projected discounted future cash flows. The carrying amount is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset group. An impairment loss is recorded to the extent the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds the fair value and is not recoverable. Licensing: Television broadcast licenses generally are granted for eight-year periods. They are renewable after application and reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") and historically are renewed except in rare cases in which a petition to deny, a complaint or an adverse finding as to the licensee's qualifications results in loss of the license. As of December 31, 2025, the Company has initiated processes to explore strategic alternatives for potential asset sales. Management considered whether these actions represented an indicator of impairment. Based on the information available as of December 31, 2025, management concluded it was not more likely than not that the estimated fair value of the applicable reporting unit(s) was less than its carrying value. Management will continue to monitor events and circumstances related to the sales processes and will perform interim impairment testing if facts and circumstances change that would indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Valuation of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In the event of such conditions, the Company compares the expected undiscounted future cash flows to the carrying amount of the assets. If the total of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets, the Company is required to make estimates of the fair value of the long-lived assets in order to calculate the impairment loss equal to the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the assets. The Company makes significant assumptions and estimates in this process regarding matters that are inherently uncertain, such as determining asset groups and estimating future cash flows, remaining useful lives, discount rates and growth rates. The resulting undiscounted cash flows are projected over an extended period of time, which subjects those assumptions and estimates to an even larger degree of uncertainty. While the Company believes that its estimates are reasonable, different assumptions could materially affect the valuation of the long-lived assets. The Company derives future cash flow estimates from its historical experience and its internal business plans, which include consideration of industry trends, competitive actions, technology changes, regulatory actions, available financial resources for marketing and capital expenditures and changes in its underlying cost structure. The Company makes assumptions about the remaining useful life of its long-lived assets. The assumptions are based on the average life of its historical capital asset additions and its historical asset purchase trend. In some cases, due to the nature of a particular industry in which the company operates, such as the broadcast or infrastructure industry, the Company may assume that technology changes in such industry render all associated assets, including equipment, obsolete with no salvage value after their useful lives. In certain circumstances in which the underlying assets could be leased for an additional period of time or salvaged, the Company includes such estimated cash flows in its estimate. The estimate of the appropriate discount rate to be used to apply the present value model in determining fair value was the Company’s weighted-average cost of capital which is based on the effective rate of its debt obligations at the current market values (for periods during which the Company had debt obligations) as well as the current volatility and trading value of the Company’s common stock. Leases The Company accounts for leases on the balance sheet as lease assets and lease liabilities for leases classified as operating leases and finance leases. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use assets are included in Other Assets, and operating lease liabilities are included in Other current liabilities and Other liabilities (non-current) as applicable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for their respective short-term and long-term portions and are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment and debt obligations in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The majority of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate of return; therefore, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate represents the rate of interest that would be paid to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term. The Company determines its incremental borrowing rate using a portfolio approach based on information available as of the lease commencement date, including applicable lease terms and the current economic environment. For lease agreements that contain non-lease components, the Company elected to combine lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet unless they are expected to be renewed. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For purposes of calculating operating lease liabilities, lease terms may be deemed to include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. As of December 31, 2025, the operating lease liability does not include any options to extend or terminate leases. Foreign Currency Transactions Foreign currency transactions are transactions denominated in a currency other than a subsidiary’s functional currency. A change in the exchange rates between a subsidiary’s functional currency and the currency in which a transaction is denominated increases or decreases the expected amount of functional currency cash flows upon settlement of the transaction. That increase or decrease in functional currency cash flows, which occurs upon an actual transfer of one currency to another, is reported by the Company as a foreign currency transaction gain (loss). The primary component of the Company’s foreign currency transaction gain (loss) is due to agreements in place with certain subsidiaries in foreign countries regarding intercompany transactions. The Company anticipates repayment of these transactions in the foreseeable future and recognizes the realized and unrealized gains or losses on these transactions that result from foreign currency changes in the period in which they occur as foreign currency transaction gain (loss). Foreign Currency Translation The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated at the exchange rates in effect on the reporting date. Income and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. The net effect of such translation gains and losses are reflected within AOCI in the stockholders’ equity (deficit) section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. If there is a planned or completed sale or liquidation of the Company's ownership in a foreign operation, the relevant foreign currency translation adjustment is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. In these consolidated financial statements, “$” means U.S. dollars, unless otherwise noted. Convertible Instruments Convertible instruments are generally accounted for as a single unit of account. ASC 815 requires companies to bifurcate conversion options from their host instruments and account for them as free standing derivative financial instruments according to certain criteria. The criteria includes circumstances in which (a) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative instrument are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract, (b) the hybrid instrument that embodied both the embedded derivative instrument and the host contract is not remeasured at fair value under other GAAP with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur and (c) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative instrument would be considered a derivative instrument. The Company accounts for convertible instruments, when it has been determined that the embedded conversion options should not be bifurcated from their host instruments, as follows: the Company records, when necessary, discounts to convertible notes for the intrinsic value of conversion options embedded in debt instruments based upon the differences between the fair value of the underlying common stock at the commitment date of the note transaction and the effective conversion price embedded in the note. Debt discounts under these arrangements are amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the related debt to their stated date of redemption as a component of Interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Deferred Financing Costs The Company capitalizes certain expenses incurred in connection with its debt and line of credit obligations as reductions of the outstanding loan balances as a component of the carrying amount of Debt obligations in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and amortizes them using the effective interest method over the term of the respective debt agreement as a component of Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. If the Company extinguishes portions of its debt prior to the maturity date, deferred financing costs are charged to expense on a pro-rata basis and are included in gain or loss on early extinguishment or restructuring of debt within Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Share-Based Compensation Share-based compensation includes restricted shares, restricted stock units and stock options, which are measured based on the grant date fair values and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service or vesting period. Non-cash stock-based compensation expense is included within general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Grants of restricted shares and restricted stock units are valued based on the closing market share price of INNOVATE's common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange (the “market price”) on the date of grant. The Company uses a Black-Scholes option valuation model to determine the grant date fair value of stock options. The Black-Scholes model incorporates various assumptions including the expected term of awards, volatility of stock price, risk-free rates of return and dividend yield. The expected term of an award is no less than the option vesting period and is based on the Company’s historical experience. Expected volatility is based upon the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price. The risk-free interest rate is approximated using rates available on U.S. Treasury securities with a remaining term similar to the option’s expected life. The Company uses a dividend yield of zero in the Black-Scholes option valuation model as it does not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Share-based compensation is recorded net of actual forfeitures as they occur. Income (Loss) Per Common Share Basic income (loss) per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock, adjusted for the dilutive effect of potential common stock equivalents and related income from continuing operations, net of tax. Potential common stock equivalents, computed using the treasury stock method or the if-converted method, include stock options, restricted stock units, convertible preferred stock and convertible debt. Refer to Note 19. Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share for additional information. Discontinued Operations In accordance with ASC 205-20, Presentation of Financial Statements - Discontinued Operations, the Company reports the results of operations of a business as discontinued operations if a disposal represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on the Company's operations and financial results when the business is disposed of or classified as held-for-sale. The held-for-sale criteria are assessed as of the balance sheet date. The Company assessed these criteria as of December 31, 2025, and determined that no businesses met the criteria for held-for-sale or discontinued operations classification. Under ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, assets may be classified as held-for-sale even though the discontinued operations criterion is not met. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in the Current Year On December 14, 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which requires, among other things, greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and for paid income taxes to be disaggregated by jurisdiction. The guidance was effective for the Company's 2025 annual Form 10-K and did not have a material impact on the related disclosures within these Consolidated Financial Statements. Refer to Note 12. Income Taxes for additional information. Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Pending Adoption On September 18, 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06 Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software ("ASU 2025-06"). The amendments in ASU 2025-06 modernize the accounting for software costs that are accounted for under Subtopic 350-40 by removing all references to prescriptive and sequential software development stages throughout Subtopic 350-40. Under ASU 2025-06, an entity is required to start capitalizing software costs when management has authorized and committed to funding the software project and it is probable the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended (referred to as the "probable-to-complete recognition threshold"). ASU 2025-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Entities may apply the amendments retrospectively for all prior periods presented in the financial statements, prospectively or under a modified retrospective approach based on the status of the project and whether software costs were capitalized before the date of adoption. The Company expects that it will apply the new guidance prospectively and is currently evaluating the potential effect of this ASU on future transactions; however, the Company does not expect this ASU to have a significant effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. On July 30, 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets ("ASU 2025-05"). The amendments in ASU 2025-05 provide entities with a practical expedient when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). The practical expedient allows entities to assume that current conditions as of the balance sheet date will not change for the remaining life of an asset when developing reasonable and supportable forecasts as part of the estimation of expected credit losses. ASU 2025-05 is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company adopted ASU 2025-05 on January 1, 2026, and is utilizing the practical expedient. The Company does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a significant effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. On May 12, 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-03, Business Combinations (Topic 805) and Consolidation (Topic 810): Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a VIE ("ASU 2025-03"). The amendments in ASU 2025-03 require an entity, involved in an acquisition transaction effected primarily by exchanging equity interests when the legal acquiree is a VIE that meets the definition of a business, to consider certain factors to determine which entity is the accounting acquirer. ASU 2025-03 is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effect of this ASU on future transactions; however, the Company does not expect this ASU to have a material effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. On November 26, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments ("ASU 2024-04"). The amendments in this update affect entities that settle convertible debt instruments for which the conversion privileges were changed to induce conversion. The amendments clarify the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments should be accounted for as an induced conversion. ASU 2024-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Entities may apply the amendments retrospectively for all prior periods presented in the financial statements or prospectively. The Company adopted ASU 2024-04 on January 1, 2026 and is applying the guidance on a prospective basis. The adoption of this ASU did not have an effect on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. On November 4, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses ("ASU 2024-03"). The amendments in this ASU require disclosure, in the notes to financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses, including the total amount of selling expenses incurred in the period and an entity's definition of selling expenses. ASU 2024-03, with effective dates as clarified by ASU 2025-01 Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date, is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU, which will only have an effect on the disclosures within the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Subsequent Events ASC 855, Subsequent Events requires the Company to evaluate events that occur after the balance sheet date as of which the financial statements are issued, and to determine whether adjustments to or additional disclosures in the financial statements are necessary. Refer to Note 22. Subsequent Events.

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and all other subsidiaries over which the Company exerts control. All intercompany profits, transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The remaining interests not owned by the Company are presented as a non-controlling interest component of total equity.

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company included herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of such information. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Certain prior amounts have been reclassified or combined to conform to the current year presentation.

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. However, as of the date of these financial statements, there is substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.

The principal conditions leading to this conclusion are the upcoming maturities of the Company's debt obligations. Based on these conditions, the Company may not be able to meet its obligations at maturity nor comply with certain cross-default provisions under the 2027 Senior Secured Notes over the next twelve months, or any potential breach of the milestone covenant of the 10.50% 2027 Senior Secured Notes Indenture which has required the Company to commence a sales process for all or substantially all of DBM Global’s assets or equity interests in accordance with certain dates and deadlines. Refer to Note 11. Debt Obligations for additional information.

Management has evaluated the significance of these conditions in relation to the Company's ability to meet its obligations. The potential inability to refinance or extend the maturity of the aforementioned current debt, or to obtain additional financing, raises substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

The Company plans to alleviate these conditions through various initiatives it is currently exploring, including pursuing asset sales, and potentially refinancing debt and raising additional capital. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will have the ability to be successful in any asset sales, additional capital raises or the refinancing of its existing debt, on attractive terms or at all, nor any assurances that lenders will provide additional extensions, waivers or amendments in the event of future non-compliance with the Company’s debt covenants or other possible events of default. Further, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to execute a reduction, extension, or refinancing of the debt, or that the terms of any replacement financing would be as favorable as the terms of the debt prior to the maturity dates. There can be no assurance that these plans will be successfully implemented or that they will mitigate the conditions that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and various disclosures within these consolidated financial statements as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of net revenue and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Significant estimates include the recognition of revenue and project profit or loss, which require estimates regarding the extent of progress towards completion on contracts and contract revenue and costs on long-term contracts; allowances for credit losses; fair value estimates, including the valuation of certain investments, market assumptions used in estimating the fair values of certain assets (including goodwill and intangibles) and liabilities, the calculation used in determining the fair value of equity awards required by ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"); income taxes and various other contingencies.

Estimates of fair value represent the Company’s best estimates developed with the assistance of independent appraisals or various valuation techniques and, where the foregoing have not yet been completed or are not available, industry data and trends and by reference to relevant market rates and transactions. The estimates and assumptions are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies beyond the control of the Company. Accordingly, the Company cannot provide assurance that the estimates, assumptions, and values reflected in the valuations will be realized, and actual results could vary materially.

Cash and cash equivalents are comprised principally of amounts in interest bearing checking accounts and money market accounts with original maturities of three months or less. The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its current cash with financial institutions with balances that may exceed federally insured limits. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained at financial institutions that management considers to be of high credit quality.

The Company's restricted cash balances consist of funds that are contractually or legally restricted as to usage or withdrawal and have been presented separately from cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in the Other current assets and Other assets (noncurrent), as applicable, and are primarily comprised of security deposits for long-term leases, which are held in separate bank accounts.

Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured and classified in accordance with a three-tier fair value hierarchy based on the observability of the inputs available in the market used to measure fair value:

•Level 2 - Inputs that are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable in the market or can be derived from observable market data. Where applicable, these models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs including interest rate curves, foreign exchange rates, and credit ratings.

The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. In instances in which the inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the fair value measurement classification is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the financial instrument.

The Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis included investment(s) in marketable equity securities. Our financial assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include equity securities without readily determinable fair values. Other financial assets and liabilities are carried at cost (initial fair value) or amortized cost where applicable, with the current fair value disclosed, if required.

The Company maintains allowances for credit losses, for its financial assets, primarily for accounts receivable and contract assets, in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). Accounts receivable are stated at amounts due from customers net of allowance for expected credit losses. The measurement and recognition of the allowance for credit losses involves the use of judgment and represents management’s estimate of expected lifetime credit losses based on historical experience and trends, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Any changes in these assumptions can lead to a change in the estimate. Management’s assessment of expected credit losses includes consideration of current and expected economic, market and industry factors affecting the Company’s customers, including their financial condition and other factors affecting their ability to pay; the aging of account balances; historical credit loss experience; customer concentrations; and customer credit-worthiness; among other factors.

Management has elected to use a risk-based, pool-level segmentation framework to calculate the expected loss rate. Management evaluates its experience with historical losses and then applies this historical loss ratio to financial assets with similar characteristics. The Company’s historical loss ratio or its determination of risk pools may be adjusted for changes in customer, economic, market or other circumstances. The Company may also establish an allowance for credit losses for specific receivables when it is probable that the receivable will not be collected and the loss can be reasonably estimated. At each balance sheet date, all past due or potentially uncollectible accounts are assessed individually for the purpose of determining the appropriate allowance for credit losses. Once collection efforts by the Company are exhausted, the determination for charging off uncollectible receivables is made and the receivable is written off against the allowance, and reversals of previously reserved amounts are recognized if a specifically reserved item is settled for an amount exceeding the previous estimate.

Subsequent to year end, on January 1, 2026, the Company adopted ASU 2025-05 and is utilizing the practical expedient when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). See the Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Pending Adoption section below for additional information.

Inventory, which is primarily composed of steel components for construction projects at DBM, is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value under the first-in, first-out method. Provision for obsolescence is made where appropriate and is charged to cost of revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. These costs include only direct labor and expenses incurred to date and exclude any allocation of overhead. The policy for long-term work in progress contracts is disclosed within the Revenue and Cost Recognition accounting policy in Note 3. Revenue and Contracts in Process.

The Company utilizes the equity method to account for investments when it possesses the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the operating and financial policies of the investee. The ability to exercise significant influence is presumed when an investor possesses more than 20% of the voting interests of the investee, such as with our investments in MediBeacon and Scaled Cell, of which the Company owns a 44.6% interest in MediBeacon and a 20.1% interest in Scaled Cell as of December 31, 2025. This presumption may be overcome based on specific facts and circumstances that demonstrate that the ability to exercise significant influence is restricted. The Company applies the equity method to investments in common stock and to other investments when such other investments possess substantially identical subordinated interests to common stock. In applying the equity method, the Company records the investment at cost and subsequently increases or decreases the carrying amount of the investment by its proportionate share of the net earnings or losses and other comprehensive income (loss) of the investee, as well as any changes as a result of changes in ownership. In the event that net losses of the investee reduce the carrying amount to zero, additional net losses may be recorded if other investments in the investee are at-risk, even if the Company has not committed to provide financial support to the investee. Such additional equity method losses, if any, are based upon the change in the Company's claim on the investee’s book value.

Investments in marketable equity securities are carried at fair value and the Company records the changes in fair values in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as a component of Other income, net. The Company utilizes the measurement alternative method to account for investments when it does not possess the ability to exercise significant influence or control and the investment does not have a readily determinable fair value. Under this method, investments are initially recognized at cost and subsequently measured at cost, adjusted for any observable changes in the fair value of the investment. In addition, the Company reviews the carrying value of investments measured under the measurement alternative for impairment on a regular basis. If there is an indication of impairment, the Company assesses whether the carrying value of the investment exceeds its recoverable amount. Any impairment losses are recognized in the financial statements.

The Company's investments are recorded as a separate line in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Income or loss from equity method investments is recorded as a separate line item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Changes in the fair value of equity securities and impairments recognized for measurement alternative method investments, if any, are recorded within Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of transactions and events. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the book basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. If necessary, deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to an amount that is determined to be more likely than not recoverable. The determination of the valuation allowance requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions about future taxable income and future tax consequences when determining the amount of the valuation allowance. The additional guidance provided by ASC No. 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”), clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the financial statements. Expected outcomes of current or anticipated tax examinations, refund claims and tax-related litigation and estimates regarding additional tax liability (including interest and penalties thereon) or refunds resulting therefrom will be recorded based on the guidance provided by ASC 740 to the extent applicable.

The tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is recognized only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. These assessments of uncertain tax positions contain judgments related to the interpretation of tax regulations in the jurisdictions in which the Company transacts business. The judgments and estimates made at a point in time may change based on the outcome of tax audits, expiration of statutes of limitations, as well as changes to, or further interpretations of, tax laws and regulations.

At December 31, 2025, the Company's U.S. and foreign companies had significant deferred tax assets primarily attributable to tax loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets generated by certain businesses that are not included in the INNOVATE Corp. U.S. consolidated income tax return have been reduced by a full valuation allowance. Based on evaluation of available positive and negative evidence, management had determined that it was more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets of the INNOVATE Corp. U.S. consolidated filing group will not be realized. Accordingly, a full valuation allowance was maintained against the INNOVATE Corp. U.S. consolidated filing group’s net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2025. This assessment was based on cumulative historical losses and management's assumptions regarding future taxable income of each affiliate and the timing of the reversal of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, which is provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are regularly evaluated. The estimated useful lives of the assets range from 5 to 40 years for buildings and leasehold improvements, 3 to 15 years for equipment, furniture and fixtures, and 3 to 20 years for transportation equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lives of the leases or estimated useful lives of the assets, whichever is shorter. Assets under construction are not depreciated until they are complete and available for use. Land is not depreciated.

Purchased property and equipment is recorded at cost, or, if acquired in a business combination, at the acquisition date fair value. Cost includes the original purchase price of the asset, the costs attributable to bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use and finance costs incurred prior to the asset being available for use, as well as any subsequent major expenditures for improvements and replacements which extend useful lives or increase capacity of the assets. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Finance lease assets are recognized based on the present value of minimum future lease payments.

Costs for internal-use software that are incurred in the preliminary project stage and in the post-implementation stage are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred during the application development stage are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the software, beginning when the software project is ready for its intended use, over the estimated useful life of the software, typically 3 years.

When assets are sold or otherwise retired, the costs and accumulated amortization and depreciation are removed from the books and the resulting gain or loss is included in operating results. Property, plant and equipment that have been included as part of the assets held-for-sale are no longer amortized or depreciated from the time that they are classified as such. The Company periodically utilizes a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of its property, plant and equipment is less than its carrying value, and, if so, quantitatively evaluates the carrying value of its property, plant and equipment based upon the estimated cash flows to be generated by the related assets. If an impairment is indicated, a loss is recognized.

The Company accounts for acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires, among other things, that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. Estimates of fair value included in the Consolidated Financial Statements represent the Company’s best estimates and valuations developed, when needed, with the assistance of independent appraisers or, where such valuations have not yet been completed or are not available, industry data and trends and by reference to relevant market rates and transactions. Such estimates and assumptions are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies beyond the control of the Company. Accordingly, the Company cannot provide assurance that the estimates, assumptions, and values reflected in the valuations will be realized, and actual results could vary materially.

Goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized, but, rather, tested for impairment. The Company tests goodwill for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter (October 1st) or when factors indicate that the carrying amounts of assets may not be recoverable and there is a potential impairment. The factors that management considers important, and which could trigger an impairment review, include, but are not limited to: a more likely than not expectation of selling or disposing all, or a portion, of a reporting unit; a significant decline in the market value of the Company's common stock or debt securities for a sustained period; a material adverse change in economic, financial market, industry or sector trends; a material failure to achieve operating results relative to historical levels or projected future levels; and significant changes in operations or business strategy.

The Company elected to utilize a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value, and if so, a quantitative test is performed. The quantitative evaluation for impairment of indefinite-lived intangibles consists of a comparison of the fair value of an intangible asset with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to the excess.

Under the quantitative test, management estimates the fair value of a reporting unit, which requires various assumptions including projections of future cash flows, perpetual growth rates and discount rates. The assumptions about future cash flows and growth rates are based on our assessment of a number of factors, including the reporting unit’s recent performance against budget, performance in the market that the reporting unit serves, and industry and general economic data from third-party sources. Discount rate assumptions are based on an assessment of the risk inherent in those future cash flows. Changes to the underlying businesses could affect the future cash flows, which in turn could affect the fair value of the reporting unit. Further, management assesses the current market capitalization, forecasts and the amount by which the fair values exceeded the carrying values. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to the excess.

Intangible assets not subject to amortization (i.e. indefinite-lived intangibles) consist of certain television broadcast licenses. Intangible assets subject to amortization consists of certain trade names, customer contracts and developed technology. These finite-lived intangible assets are amortized based on their estimated useful lives. Impairment on such assets is recognized and measured only if there are events and circumstances that indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The amount of impairment of other long-lived assets (excluding goodwill) is calculated as the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the fair market value of the asset, which is generally determined based on projected discounted future cash flows. The carrying amount is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset group. An impairment loss is recorded to the extent the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds the fair value and is not recoverable.

Licensing: Television broadcast licenses generally are granted for eight-year periods. They are renewable after application and reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") and historically are renewed except in rare cases in which a petition to deny, a complaint or an adverse finding as to the licensee's qualifications results in loss of the license.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company has initiated processes to explore strategic alternatives for potential asset sales. Management considered whether these actions represented an indicator of impairment. Based on the information available as of December 31, 2025, management concluded it was not more likely than not that the estimated fair value of the applicable reporting unit(s) was less than its carrying value. Management will continue to monitor events and circumstances related to the sales processes and will perform interim impairment testing if facts and circumstances change that would indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount.

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In the event of such conditions, the Company compares the expected undiscounted future cash flows to the carrying amount of the assets. If the total of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets, the Company is required to make estimates of the fair value of the long-lived assets in order to calculate the impairment loss equal to the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the assets.

The Company makes significant assumptions and estimates in this process regarding matters that are inherently uncertain, such as determining asset groups and estimating future cash flows, remaining useful lives, discount rates and growth rates. The resulting undiscounted cash flows are projected over an extended period of time, which subjects those assumptions and estimates to an even larger degree of uncertainty. While the Company believes that its estimates are reasonable, different assumptions could materially affect the valuation of the long-lived assets. The Company derives future cash flow estimates from its historical experience and its internal business plans, which include consideration of industry trends, competitive actions, technology changes, regulatory actions, available financial resources for marketing and capital expenditures and changes in its underlying cost structure.

The Company makes assumptions about the remaining useful life of its long-lived assets. The assumptions are based on the average life of its historical capital asset additions and its historical asset purchase trend. In some cases, due to the nature of a particular industry in which the company operates, such as the broadcast or infrastructure industry, the Company may assume that technology changes in such industry render all associated assets, including equipment, obsolete with no salvage value after their useful lives. In certain circumstances in which the underlying assets could be leased for an additional period of time or salvaged, the Company includes such estimated cash flows in its estimate.

The estimate of the appropriate discount rate to be used to apply the present value model in determining fair value was the Company’s weighted-average cost of capital which is based on the effective rate of its debt obligations at the current market values (for periods during which the Company had debt obligations) as well as the current volatility and trading value of the Company’s common stock.

The Company accounts for leases on the balance sheet as lease assets and lease liabilities for leases classified as operating leases and finance leases. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use assets are included in Other Assets, and operating lease liabilities are included in Other current liabilities and Other liabilities (non-current) as applicable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for their respective short-term and long-term portions and are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment and debt obligations in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The majority of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate of return; therefore, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate represents the rate of interest that would be paid to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term. The Company determines its incremental borrowing rate using a portfolio approach based on information available as of the lease commencement date, including applicable lease terms and the current economic environment. For lease agreements that contain non-lease components, the Company elected to combine lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet unless they are expected to be renewed. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For purposes of calculating operating lease liabilities, lease terms may be deemed to include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. As of December 31, 2025, the operating lease liability does not include any options to extend or terminate leases.

Foreign currency transactions are transactions denominated in a currency other than a subsidiary’s functional currency. A change in the exchange rates between a subsidiary’s functional currency and the currency in which a transaction is denominated increases or decreases the expected amount of functional currency cash flows upon settlement of the transaction. That increase or decrease in functional currency cash flows, which occurs upon an actual transfer of one currency to another, is reported by the Company as a foreign currency transaction gain (loss). The primary component of the Company’s foreign currency transaction gain (loss) is due to agreements in place with certain subsidiaries in foreign countries regarding intercompany transactions. The Company anticipates repayment of these transactions in the foreseeable future and recognizes the realized and unrealized gains or losses on these transactions that result from foreign currency changes in the period in which they occur as foreign currency transaction gain (loss).

The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated at the exchange rates in effect on the reporting date. Income and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. The net effect of such translation gains and losses are reflected within AOCI in the stockholders’ equity (deficit) section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. If there is a planned or completed sale or liquidation of the Company's ownership in a foreign operation, the relevant foreign currency translation adjustment is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Convertible instruments are generally accounted for as a single unit of account. ASC 815 requires companies to bifurcate conversion options from their host instruments and account for them as free standing derivative financial instruments according to certain criteria. The criteria includes circumstances in which (a) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative instrument are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract, (b) the hybrid instrument that embodied both the embedded derivative instrument and the host contract is not remeasured at fair value under other GAAP with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur and (c) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative instrument would be considered a derivative instrument. The Company accounts for convertible instruments, when it has been determined that the embedded conversion options should not be bifurcated from their host instruments, as follows: the Company records, when necessary, discounts to convertible notes for the intrinsic value of conversion options embedded in debt instruments based upon the differences between the fair value of the underlying common stock at the commitment date of the note transaction and the effective conversion price embedded in the note. Debt discounts under these arrangements are amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the related debt to their stated date of redemption as a component of Interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

The Company capitalizes certain expenses incurred in connection with its debt and line of credit obligations as reductions of the outstanding loan balances as a component of the carrying amount of Debt obligations in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and amortizes them using the effective interest method over the term of the respective debt agreement as a component of Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. If the Company extinguishes portions of its debt prior to the maturity date, deferred financing costs are charged to expense on a pro-rata basis and are included in gain or loss on early extinguishment or restructuring of debt within Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Share-based compensation includes restricted shares, restricted stock units and stock options, which are measured based on the grant date fair values and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service or vesting period. Non-cash stock-based compensation expense is included within general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

Grants of restricted shares and restricted stock units are valued based on the closing market share price of INNOVATE's common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange (the “market price”) on the date of grant. The Company uses a Black-Scholes option valuation model to determine the grant date fair value of stock options. The Black-Scholes model incorporates various assumptions including the expected term of awards, volatility of stock price, risk-free rates of return and dividend yield. The expected term of an award is no less than the option vesting period and is based on the Company’s historical experience. Expected volatility is based upon the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price. The risk-free interest rate is approximated using rates available on U.S. Treasury securities with a remaining term similar to the option’s expected life. The Company uses a dividend yield of zero in the Black-Scholes option valuation model as it does not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Share-based compensation is recorded net of actual forfeitures as they occur.

Basic income (loss) per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock, adjusted for the dilutive effect of potential common stock equivalents and related income from continuing operations, net of tax. Potential common stock equivalents, computed using the treasury stock method or the if-converted method, include stock options, restricted stock units, convertible preferred stock and convertible debt. Refer to Note 19. Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share for additional information.

In accordance with ASC 205-20, Presentation of Financial Statements - Discontinued Operations, the Company reports the results of operations of a business as discontinued operations if a disposal represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on the Company's operations and financial results when the business is disposed of or classified as held-for-sale. The held-for-sale criteria are assessed as of the balance sheet date. The Company assessed these criteria as of December 31, 2025, and determined that no businesses met the criteria for held-for-sale or discontinued operations classification. Under ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, assets may be classified as held-for-sale even though the discontinued operations criterion is not met.

On December 14, 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which requires, among other things, greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and for paid income taxes to be disaggregated by jurisdiction. The guidance was effective for the Company's 2025 annual Form 10-K and did not have a material impact on the related disclosures within these Consolidated Financial Statements. Refer to Note 12. Income Taxes for additional information.

On September 18, 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06 Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software ("ASU 2025-06"). The amendments in ASU 2025-06 modernize the accounting for software costs that are accounted for under Subtopic 350-40 by removing all references to prescriptive and sequential software development stages throughout Subtopic 350-40. Under ASU 2025-06, an entity is required to start capitalizing software costs when management has authorized and committed to funding the software project and it is probable the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended (referred to as the "probable-to-complete recognition threshold"). ASU 2025-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Entities may apply the amendments retrospectively for all prior periods presented in the financial statements, prospectively or under a modified retrospective approach based on the status of the project and whether software costs were capitalized before the date of adoption. The Company expects that it will apply the new guidance prospectively and is currently evaluating the potential effect of this ASU on future transactions; however, the Company does not expect this ASU to have a significant effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

On July 30, 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets ("ASU 2025-05"). The amendments in ASU 2025-05 provide entities with a practical expedient when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers). The practical expedient allows entities to assume that current conditions as of the balance sheet date will not change for the remaining life of an asset when developing reasonable and supportable forecasts as part of the estimation of expected credit losses. ASU 2025-05 is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company adopted ASU 2025-05 on January 1, 2026, and is utilizing the practical expedient. The Company does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a significant effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

On May 12, 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-03, Business Combinations (Topic 805) and Consolidation (Topic 810): Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a VIE ("ASU 2025-03"). The amendments in ASU 2025-03 require an entity, involved in an acquisition transaction effected primarily by exchanging equity interests when the legal acquiree is a VIE that meets the definition of a business, to consider certain factors to determine which entity is the accounting acquirer. ASU 2025-03 is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effect of this ASU on future transactions; however, the Company does not expect this ASU to have a material effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

On November 26, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments ("ASU 2024-04"). The amendments in this update affect entities that settle convertible debt instruments for which the conversion privileges were changed to induce conversion. The amendments clarify the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments should be accounted for as an induced conversion. ASU 2024-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Entities may apply the amendments retrospectively for all prior periods presented in the financial statements or prospectively. The Company adopted ASU 2024-04 on January 1, 2026 and is applying the guidance on a prospective basis. The adoption of this ASU did not have an effect on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

On November 4, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses ("ASU 2024-03"). The amendments in this ASU require disclosure, in the notes to financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses, including the total amount of selling expenses incurred in the period and an entity's definition of selling expenses. ASU 2024-03, with effective dates as clarified by ASU 2025-01 Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date, is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU, which will only have an effect on the disclosures within the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.