| Net finance expense |
22 Net finance expense
Net finance expense includes (i) interest
on lease liabilities and borrowings and direct issue costs; (ii) results from the daily settlements of future contracts used to protect
assets and liabilities, as well as the fair value adjustments for derivative instruments that are described within Note 27 - Risk management
and financial instruments, (iii) interest receivable on funds invested which is recognized in profit or loss as it accrues using effective
interest method; and (iv) gains and losses associated with transactions denominated in foreign currencies.
| | |
2025 | | |
2024 | | |
2023 | |
| Gains / (losses) from exchange rate variation (3) | |
| 77,771 | | |
| 138,377 | | |
| 57,525 | |
| Fair value adjustments on derivatives | |
| (217,427 | ) | |
| (502,644 | ) | |
| 82,928 | |
| Interest expense (1) | |
| (1,677,957 | ) | |
| (1,647,112 | ) | |
| (1,732,928 | ) |
| Interest income (2) | |
| 417,197 | | |
| 453,731 | | |
| 326,442 | |
| Bank fees and others (3) | |
| (155,860 | ) | |
| (112,115 | ) | |
| (87,372 | ) |
| | |
| (1,556,276 | ) | |
| (1,669,763 | ) | |
| (1,353,405 | ) |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Finance income | |
| 565,207 | | |
| 719,370 | | |
| 584,216 | |
| Finance expense | |
| (2,121,483 | ) | |
| (2,389,133 | ) | |
| (1,937,621 | ) |
| Net finance expense | |
| (1,556,276 | ) | |
| (1,669,763 | ) | |
| (1,353,405 | ) |
| (1) | For the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 the amount
of US$1,220,844, US$1,152,892 and US$1,183,852 respectively, refers to interest expenses from loans and financings. |
| (2) | For the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 the amount
of US$70,797, US$97,980 and US$117,866 , respectively, refers to interest income from present value adjustments. In addition, for the
year ended December 31, 2025, the amount of US$169,330 (US$182,812 and US$105,839 for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 respectively),
refers to interest income from short-term investments. |
| (3) | Includes indexation for legal expenses. |
|