| Summary of differences between corporation tax benefit at standard rate and total income tax credit |
| | | | | | | | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | | £ 000 | | £ 000 | | £ 000 | Profit/(loss) before tax | | 202,587 | | (781,195) | | (82,607) | Corporation tax (charge)/credit at respective rate | | (50,647) | | 195,298 | | 15,695 | Decrease in tax credit from effect of expenses not deductible in determining taxable loss | | (1,972) | | (1,393) | | (892) | Increase/(decrease) in tax credit from tax losses for which no deferred tax asset was recognized | | 52,619 | | (193,950) | | (14,803) | Research and development tax credit | | 30,341 | | — | | 22,661 | Total income tax credit/(charge) | | 30,341 | | (45) | | 22,661 |
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