Loans, Leases and Allowance |
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| Receivables [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans, Leases and Allowance | Loans, Leases and Allowance Categories of loans and leases at December 31, 2025 and 2024 include:
First Bank rates all loans and leases by credit quality using the following designations: Grade 1 - Exceptional Exceptional loans are top-quality loans to individuals whose financial credentials are well known to the Company. These loans have excellent sources of repayment, are well documented and/or virtually free of risk (i.e., CD secured loans). Grade 2 - Quality Loans These loans have excellent sources of repayment with no identifiable risk of collection, and they conform in all respects to Company policy and Indiana Department of Financial Institutions ("DFI") and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") regulations. Documentation exceptions are minimal or are in the process of being corrected and are not of a type that could subsequently expose the Company to risk of loss. Grade 3 - Acceptable Loans This category is for “average” quality loans. These loans have adequate sources of repayment with little identifiable risk of collection and they conform to Company policy and DFI/FDIC regulations. Grade 4 - Acceptable but Monitored Loans in this category may have a greater than average risk due to financial weakness or uncertainty but do not appear to require classification as special mention or substandard loans. Loans rated “4” need to be monitored on a regular basis to ascertain that the reasons for placing them in this category do not advance or worsen. Grade 5 - Special Mention Loans in this category have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special Mention loans are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. This special mention rating is designed to identify a specific level of risk and concern about an asset’s quality. Although a special mention loan has a higher probability of default than a grade 1-4 or "pass" rated loan, its default is not imminent. Grade 6 - Substandard Loans in this category are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Substandard loans have a high probability of payment default, or they have other well-defined weaknesses. Such loans have a distinct potential for loss; however, an individual loan’s potential for loss does not have to be distinct for the loan to be rated substandard. The following are examples of situations that might cause a loan to be graded a “6”: •Cash flow deficiencies (losses) jeopardize future loan payments; •Sale of non-collateral assets has become a primary source of loan repayment; •The relationship has deteriorated to the point that sale of collateral is now the Company’s primary source of repayment, unless this was the original source of loan repayment; •The borrower is bankrupt or for any other reason future repayment is dependent on court action. Grade 7 - Doubtful A loan classified as doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. A doubtful loan has a high probability of total or substantial loss. Doubtful borrowers are usually in default, lack adequate liquidity or capital, and lack the resources necessary to remain an operating entity. Because of high probability of loss, nonaccrual accounting treatment will be required for doubtful loans. Grade 8 - Loss Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets are not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the loan even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. The risk characteristics of each loan portfolio segment are as follows: Commercial and Industrial Commercial and industrial loans are primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets, such as accounts receivable or inventory, and may include a personal guarantee. Short-term loans may be made on an unsecured basis. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers. Commercial Mortgage including Construction and Development Loans in this segment include commercial loans, commercial construction loans, and multi-family loans. This segment also includes loans secured by 1-4 family residences which were made for investment purposes. Commercial real estate loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. The characteristics of properties securing the Company’s commercial real estate portfolio are diverse, but with geographic location almost entirely in the Company’s market area. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral, geography and risk grade criteria. In general, the Company avoids financing single purpose projects unless other underwriting factors are present to help mitigate risk. In addition, management tracks the level of owner-occupied commercial real estate versus nonowner-occupied loans. Construction loans are underwritten utilizing feasibility studies, independent appraisal reviews and financial analysis of the developers and property owners. Construction loans are generally based on estimates of costs and value associated with the complete project. These estimates may be inaccurate. Construction loans often involve the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment substantially dependent on the success of the ultimate project. Sources of repayment for these types of loans may be pre-committed permanent loans from approved long-term lenders, sales of developed property or an interim loan commitment from the Company until permanent financing is obtained. These loans are closely monitored by on-site inspections and are considered to have higher risks than other real estate loans due to their ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, governmental regulation of real property, general economic conditions and the availability of long-term financing. Residential, Home Equity, and Consumer Residential, home equity, and consumer loans consist of three segments - residential mortgage loans, including brokered mortgage loans, home equity lines of credit, and personal loans. For residential mortgage loans that are secured by 1-4 family residences and are generally owner-occupied, the Company generally establishes a maximum loan-to-value ratio and requires private mortgage insurance if that ratio is exceeded. Home equity loans are typically secured by a subordinate interest in 1-4 family residences. Consumer personal loans are secured by consumer personal assets, such as automobiles or recreational vehicles. Some consumer personal loans are unsecured, such as small installment loans and certain lines of credit. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas, such as unemployment levels. Repayment can also be impacted by changes in property values on residential properties. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers. Leases Lease financing consists of direct financing leases and are used by commercial customers to finance capital purchases of equipment. The credit decisions for these transactions are based upon an assessment of the overall financial capacity of the applicant. A determination is made as to the applicant’s financial condition and ability to repay in accordance with the proposed terms as well as an overall assessment of the risks involved. The following tables present the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio based on rating category, payment activity, and origination year as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
The following tables present the Company’s loan portfolio aging analysis of the recorded investment in loans as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:
The following table presents information on the Company's nonaccrual loans and leases at December 31, 2025 and 2024:
During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized $3,000 and $5,000, respectively, of interest income on nonaccrual loans and leases. The following tables present the Company's amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, and their respective collateral type, which are individually analyzed to determine expected credit losses, at the dates indicated:
Loan Modification Disclosures under ASU 2022-02 In certain situations, the Company may modify the terms of a loan or lease to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. These modifications may include payment delays, term extensions, or interest-rate reductions. In some cases, combinations of modifications may be made to the same loan or lease. If a determination is made that a modified loan or lease has been deemed uncollectible, the loan or lease (or portion of the loan or lease) is charged-off, reducing the amortized cost basis of the loan or lease and adjusting the allowance for credit losses. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company had no new modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company modified two residential mortgage loans, both involving term extensions, to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The total amortized cost basis of the loans modified at December 31, 2024 was $168,000. For the year ended December 31, 2024, loan and lease modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty resulted in a weighted average term extension of 20 months for the modified loans. There were no modified loans or leases that had a payment default during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 and that were modified in the twelve months prior to that default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Other Real Estate Owned At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the balance of real estate owned included $56,000 and $37,000, respectively, of foreclosed real estate properties recorded as a result of obtaining physical possession of the property. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceeds were in process was $923,000 and $275,000, respectively. Direct Financing Leases The following lists the components of the net investment in direct financing leases:
The following summarizes the future minimum lease payments receivable subsequent to December 31, 2025:
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases The allowance for credit losses on loans and leases is established for current expected credit losses on the Company's loan and lease portfolios in accordance with ASC Topic 326. This requires significant judgment to estimate credit losses measured on a collective pool basis when similar risk characteristics exist, and for loans evaluated individually. The Company estimates expected future losses for the loan's entire contractual term, taking into account expected payments when appropriate. The allowance is an estimation based on management's evaluation of expected losses related to the Company's financial assets measured at amortized cost. It considers relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to the historical loss experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts for the Company's outstanding loan and lease balances. The Company utilizes a CF analysis method of estimating expected losses, which relies on key inputs and assumptions. Significant factors affecting the calculation are the segmenting of loans and leases based upon similar risk characteristics, applied loss rates based upon reasonable and supportable forecasts, and contractual term adjustments, including prepayment and curtailment adjustments. To ensure the allowance is maintained at an adequate level, a detailed analysis is performed on a quarterly basis, with an appropriate provision made to adjust the allowance. The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the calculation of the allowance for credit losses, as it is the Company's policy to write off accrued interest in a timely manner as it is deemed uncollectible by reversing interest income. totaled $4.4 million and $4.1 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company categorizes its loan portfolios into eight segments, as discussed above, based on similar risk characteristics. Loans within each segment are collectively evaluated using either a CF methodology or remaining life methodology. When estimating for credit loss, the Company forecasts the first four quarters of the credit loss estimate and reverts to a long-run average of each considered factor. The Company developed its reasonable and supportable forecasts using economic data, such as gross domestic product and unemployment rate. Qualitative adjustments are applied to each collectively segmented pool to appropriately capture differences in current or expected qualitative risk characteristics. When evaluating the estimation for expected credit losses, the Company evaluates these qualitative adjustments for any changes in: •lending policies, procedures, and strategies, •the nature and volume of the loan and lease portfolio, •international, national, regional, and local conditions, •the experience, depth, and ability of lending management, •the volume and severity of past due loans, •the quality of the loan review system, •the underlying collateral, •concentration risk, and •the effect of other external factors. The following tables summarize changes in the allowance for credit losses by segment for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:
Our commercial loan portfolio, consisting of commercial and multi-family real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, and construction loans, represented 70.2% and 69.5% of our portfolio as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The allowance for credit losses on loans and leases allocated to the commercial loan portfolio represented 66.9% and 68.9% of our total allowance at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Economic Outlook Due to the forward-looking nature of the allowance for credit losses, management is required to make significant estimates and assumptions. Estimating the allowance requires the use of relevant forward-looking information based on reasonable and supportable forecasts. Economic factors are a key component of these forecasts and are evaluated periodically for developments that may affect the Company's loan and lease portfolio and related credit losses. As of December 31, 2025, the Company's reasonable and supportable forecasts incorporate assumptions regarding inflationary pressures, moderating economic growth, unemployment trends, and geopolitical risks. These factors are reflected in the Company's allowance for credit losses methodology and may influence borrower performance and overall credit conditions. The Company's loan portfolio is concentrated in three primary market regions: Columbus, Ohio; Cincinnati/Dayton, Ohio; and Indianapolis, Indiana. Economic conditions in these regions, particularly those affecting commercial real estate and commercial lending activity, are considered in the Company's credit loss estimates. •Columbus, Ohio - The Columbus market region continues to experience economic activity supported by investment in technology, healthcare, education, and related development projects. These sectors have contributed to job growth and infrastructure expansion, and population trends in Central Ohio have supported demand for housing and services. •Cincinnati/Dayton, Ohio - The economic outlook for the Cincinnati and Dayton market region remains stable, supported by activity in manufacturing, construction, healthcare, and technology-related sectors. Employment and business investment trends have contributed to regional economic activity. •Indianapolis, Indiana - The Indianapolis market region continues to experience development and investment activity, including in manufacturing, technology, logistics, and urban redevelopment initiatives. While inflationary pressures and labor market conditions present ongoing challenges, economic activity in the region has supported expectations for continued development. The overall economic outlook remains uncertain, and actual economic conditions may differ from the assumptions incorporated into the Company's forecasts. Given the sensitivity of the allowance for credit losses to changes in economic conditions and other variables, future changes in the economic environment may result in material fluctuations in the Company's allowance for credit losses during 2026. Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Commitments The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The estimate of expected losses on unfunded commitments is calculated based on the loss rate for the loan or lease segment in which the loan or lease commitments would be classified if funded, adjusted for the estimate of funding probability. Additional provisions applied to the allowance are recognized in the provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments during the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:
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