KPMG LLP  
  Two Financial Center  
  60 South Street  
  Boston, MA 02111  

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

To the Board of Directors of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company and Policy Owners of Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I:

 

Opinion on the Financial Statements

 

We have audited the accompanying statements of assets and liabilities of the divisions listed in the Appendix that comprise Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I (the Divisions), as of December 31, 2025, the related statements of operations and changes in net assets for each of the years listed in the Appendix, and the related notes (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Divisions as of December 31, 2025, the results of their operations, and changes in their net assets for each of the years listed in the Appendix, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 

Basis for Opinion

 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Divisions’ management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Divisions in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Such procedures also included confirmation of securities owned as of December 31, 2025, by correspondence with the underlying mutual funds or their transfer agent. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

 

 

We have served as the auditor of one or more Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company separate account investment companies since 2004.

 

Boston, Massachusetts

March 10, 2026

 

LA2050 F-1  

 

KPMG LLP, a Delaware limited liability partnership, and its subsidiaries are part of

the KPMG global organization of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG

International Limited, a private English company limited by guarantee.

LA2050                                                                          F-2
Appendix A
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I was comprised of the following divisions of as December 31, 2025. 
Statements of assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2025, statements of operations and changes in net assets for each of
the years in the two-year period then ended, and financial highlights for each of the years in the five-year period then ended
unless otherwise noted. 
Divisions
American Funds Insurance Series® Asset Allocation Division
Goldman Sachs Small Cap Equity Insights Division
American Funds Insurance Series® Global Small
Capitalization Division
Goldman Sachs Strategic Growth Division
American Funds Insurance Series® Growth-Income Division
Goldman Sachs U.S. Equity Insights Division
American Funds Insurance Series® New World Division
Invesco V.I. American Franchise Division
American Funds Insurance Series® Washington Mutual
Investors Division
Invesco V.I. Comstock Division
BlackRock High Yield V.I. Division
Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond Division
BlackRock Small Cap Index V.I. Division (Class I)
Invesco V.I. Discovery Large Cap Division
BlackRock Small Cap Index V.I. Division (Class III)
Invesco V.I. Discovery Mid Cap Growth Division
BlackRock Total Return V.I. Division
Invesco V.I. Diversified Dividend Division
BNY Mellon MidCap Stock Division
Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Division*
Columbia Variable Portfolio - Contrarian Core Division
Invesco V.I. EQV International Equity Division*
DWS Small Cap Index Division
Invesco V.I. Global Division
Eaton Vance VT Floating-Rate Income Division 
Invesco V.I. Global Real Estate Division
Fidelity® VIP Bond Index Division (Initial Class)
Invesco V.I. Global Strategic Income Division
Fidelity® VIP Contrafund® Division (Initial Class)
Invesco V.I. Health Care Division
Fidelity® VIP Contrafund® Division (Service Class)
Invesco V.I. International Growth Division*
Fidelity® VIP Extended Market Index Division (Initial Class)
Invesco V.I. Main Street Small Cap Division
Fidelity® VIP Extended Market Index Division (Service     
Class 2)
Invesco V.I. Small Cap Equity Division
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2020 Division
Invesco V.I. Technology Division
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2025 Division
Invesco V.I. U.S. Government Money Division
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2030 Division
Janus Henderson Balanced Division (Institutional
Class)
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2035 Division
Janus Henderson Balanced Division (Service Class)
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2040 Division
Janus Henderson Enterprise Division
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2045 Division
Janus Henderson Forty Division (Institutional Class)
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2050 Division
Janus Henderson Forty Division (Service Class) 
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2055 Division
Janus Henderson Global Research Division
(Institutional Class)
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2060 Division
Janus Henderson Global Research Division (Service
Class)
Fidelity® VIP Freedom Income Division
Janus Henderson Global Technology and Innovation
Division
Fidelity® VIP Growth Division
Janus Henderson Overseas Division
Fidelity® VIP Health Care Division
Lord Abbett Developing Growth Division
Fidelity® VIP Index 500 Division
Lord Abbett Mid Cap Stock Division
Fidelity® VIP International Index Division  (Initial Class)
LVIP American Century Capital Appreciation
Division*
Fidelity® VIP International Index Division (Service Class 2)
LVIP American Century Disciplined Core Value
Division*
Fidelity® VIP Overseas Division
LVIP American Century Inflation Protection
Division*
Fidelity® VIP Real Estate Division (Initial Class)
LVIP American Century International Division*
Fidelity® VIP Real Estate Division (Service Class)
LVIP American Century Value Division*
Fidelity® VIP Strategic Income Division
LVIP JPMorgan U.S. Equity Division
Fidelity® VIP Total Market Index Division (Initial Class)
MFS® Blended Research® Core Equity Division
Fidelity® VIP Total Market Index Division (Service Class 2)
MFS® Global Real Estate Division
Franklin Mutual Global Discovery VIP Division
MFS® Government Securities Division
Franklin Small Cap Value VIP Division
MFS® Growth Division
Franklin Strategic Income VIP Division
MFS® International Intrinsic Value Division
Goldman Sachs Core Fixed Income Division
MFS® Investors Trust Division
Goldman Sachs International Equity Insights Division                       
MFS® Mid Cap Value Division
Goldman Sachs Large Cap Value Division
MFS® New Discovery Division
Goldman Sachs Mid Cap Value Division
MFS® Research Division
LA2050                                                                          F-3
MFS® Utilities Division
MML MFS International Equity Division*
MFS® Value Division
MML Mid Cap Growth Division
MML Aggressive Allocation Division
MML Moderate Allocation Division
MML American Century Mid Cap Value Division*
MML Short-Duration Bond Division
MML American Century Small Company Value Division*
MML Small Cap Growth Equity Division
MML American Funds Core Allocation Division
MML Small/Mid Cap Value Division
MML American Funds Growth Division
MML Sustainable Equity Division
MML Balanced Allocation Division
MML U.S. Government Money Market Division
MML BlackRock iShares® 60/40 Division*
Nomura VIP Asset Strategy Division (Standard
Class)*
MML BlackRock iShares® 80/20 Division*
Nomura VIP Asset Strategy Division (Service Class)*
MML Blend Division
Nomura VIP Emerging Markets Division*
MML Blue Chip Growth Division
Nomura VIP Science and Technology Division*
MML Conservative Allocation Division
Nomura VIP Small Cap Value Division*
MML Equity Division
PIMCO CommodityRealReturn® Strategy Division
MML Equity Income Division
PIMCO Global Bond Opportunities Division
MML Equity Index Division (Service Class I)
PIMCO High Yield Division
MML Equity Index Division (Class II)
PIMCO Income Division
MML Equity Index Division (Class III)
PIMCO Real Return Division
MML Fidelity Institutional AM® Core Plus Bond Division*
PIMCO Total Return Division
MML Focused Equity Division 
T. Rowe Price All-Cap Opportunities Division
MML Foreign Division
T. Rowe Price Blue Chip Growth Division
MML Fundamental Equity Division
T. Rowe Price Equity Income Division
MML Global Division (Class II)
T. Rowe Price Limited-Term Bond Division
MML Growth Allocation Division
T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Growth Division
MML Income & Growth Division
Templeton Foreign VIP Division
MML Inflation-Protected and Income Division
Templeton Global Bond VIP Division
MML Invesco Discovery Large Cap Division
Vanguard VIF Global Bond Index Division
MML Invesco Discovery Mid Cap Division
Vanguard VIF Mid-Cap Index Division
MML Invesco Small Cap Equity Division*
Vanguard VIF Real Estate Index Division
MML Loomis Sayles Large Cap Growth Division*
Voya International Index Division
MML Managed Bond Division
Voya Russell™ Mid Cap Index Division 
MML Managed Volatility Division
Voya Russell™ Small Cap Index Division
VY® CBRE Global Real Estate Division
*    See Note 2 to the financial statements for  information regarding the reorganization of this division.
LA2050                                                                          F-4
LA2050                                                                          F-5
LA2050                                                                          F-6
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-7
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
December 31, 2025
American Funds
American Funds
American Funds
Insurance Series®
Insurance Series®
American Funds
American Funds
Insurance Series®
BlackRock
BlackRock
Asset
Global Small
Insurance Series®
Insurance Series®
Washington
High Yield
Small Cap Index
Allocation
Capitalization
Growth-Income
New World
Mutual Investors
V.I.
V.I.
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
(Class I)
Investments
Number of shares
1,162,883
7
893,234
408
8,942
297,835
125,361
Identified cost
$28,058,057
$136
$49,212,260
$12,220
$155,861
$2,083,279
$1,411,450
Value
$31,455,991
$138
$59,203,573
$13,069
$159,080
$2,096,758
$1,598,351
Dividends receivable
11,591
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
145
        Total assets
31,455,991
138
59,203,573
13,069
159,080
2,108,494
1,598,351
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
13
38
5
2
10
        Total liabilities
13
38
5
2
10
NET ASSETS
$31,455,978
$138
$59,203,535
$13,064
$159,078
$2,108,494
$1,598,341
Outstanding units
Policy owners
5,582,155
126
7,185,297
10,367
138,748
1,351,653
1,154,610
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
Strategic Variable Life®
Variable Life Select
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
6.21
9.77
Variable Universal Life
5.80
9.12
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
6.21
9.77
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-8
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
American Funds
American Funds
American Funds
Insurance Series®
Insurance Series®
American Funds
American Funds
Insurance Series®
BlackRock
BlackRock
Asset
Global Small
Insurance Series®
Insurance Series®
Washington
High Yield
Small Cap Index
Allocation
Capitalization
Growth-Income
New World
Mutual Investors
V.I.
V.I.
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
(Class I)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
5.54
8.72
Tier 2
5.61
8.23
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
5.87
9.23
Tier 2
5.02
7.37
Tier 3
4.75
6.98
Tier 4
4.86
7.13
Tier 5
5.31
7.79
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
4.60
6.77
Tier 2
4.70
6.91
Tier 3
4.80
7.06
Tier 4
4.80
7.06
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
MassMutual ElectrumSM
1.56
Apex VUL
1.39
Apex VUL MM
1.09
1.26
1.15
1.29
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-9
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Columbia
BlackRock
BlackRock
BNY Mellon
Variable Portfolio -
DWS
Eaton Vance VT
Fidelity®
Small Cap Index
Total Return
MidCap
Contrarian
Small Cap
Floating-Rate
VIP
V.I.
V.I.
Stock
Core
Index
Income
Bond Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
(Class III)
(Initial Class)
Investments
Number of shares
19,780
120,643
115
86
744,008
12,202
146,350
Identified cost
$252,933
$1,218,931
$2,075
$5,353
$10,469,423
$103,080
$1,417,689
Value
$251,012
$1,235,382
$2,320
$5,441
$11,174,995
$102,252
$1,440,087
Dividends receivable
5,793
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
15
3
        Total assets
251,012
1,241,190
2,320
5,441
11,174,995
102,255
1,440,087
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
3
1
18
4
        Total liabilities
3
1
18
4
NET ASSETS
$251,009
$1,241,190
$2,320
$5,440
$11,174,977
$102,255
$1,440,083
Outstanding units
Policy owners
219,850
1,053,643
1,234
4,685
2,016,130
71,896
1,461,231
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
Strategic Variable Life®
Variable Life Select
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
6.05
Variable Universal Life
5.41
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
5.84
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-10
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Columbia
BlackRock
BlackRock
BNY Mellon
Variable Portfolio -
DWS
Eaton Vance VT
Fidelity®
Small Cap Index
Total Return
MidCap
Contrarian
Small Cap
Floating-Rate
VIP
V.I.
V.I.
Stock
Core
Index
Income
Bond Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
(Class III)
(Initial Class)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
5.44
Tier 2
5.55
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
7.01
Tier 2
4.96
Tier 3
4.70
Tier 4
4.80
Tier 5
5.25
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
4.72
Tier 2
4.82
Tier 3
4.92
Tier 4
4.92
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
MassMutual ElectrumSM
1.14
1.18
1.88
1.42
Apex VUL
0.94
Apex VUL MM
1.16
1.11
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-11
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Extended
Extended
VIP
VIP
VIP
Contrafund®
Contrafund®
Market Index
Market Index
Freedom 2020
Freedom 2025
Freedom 2030
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
Investments
Number of shares
2,558,469
202,427
61,758
33,732
29,304
78,460
224,067
Identified cost
$121,148,106
$9,197,368
$789,059
$482,745
$383,483
$1,300,391
$3,739,662
Value
$153,226,734
$12,009,989
$984,427
$534,996
$386,521
$1,347,939
$3,945,821
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
5
2
        Total assets
153,226,734
12,009,994
984,427
534,998
386,521
1,347,939
3,945,821
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
13
1
4
4
        Total liabilities
13
1
4
4
NET ASSETS
$153,226,721
$12,009,994
$984,426
$534,998
$386,521
$1,347,935
$3,945,817
Outstanding units
Policy owners
15,794,797
1,256,476
657,739
436,202
221,119
731,362
2,013,393
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
Strategic Variable Life®
Variable Life Select
10.96
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
10.23
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
14.53
Variable Universal Life
11.76
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
11.04
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
10.53
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-12
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Extended
Extended
VIP
VIP
VIP
Contrafund®
Contrafund®
Market Index
Market Index
Freedom 2020
Freedom 2025
Freedom 2030
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
10.90
Tier 2
11.71
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
13.19
Tier 2
10.48
Tier 3
9.92
Tier 4
10.14
Tier 5
11.08
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
9.66
Tier 2
9.86
Tier 3
10.08
Tier 4
10.08
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
9.67
Tier 2
9.83
Tier 3
10.00
Tier 4
10.62
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
4.21
MassMutual ElectrumSM
3.59
1.23
1.75
1.84
1.96
Apex VUL
2.06
1.51
Apex VUL MM
1.45
1.27
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-13
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
Freedom
Freedom 2035
Freedom 2040
Freedom 2045
Freedom 2050
Freedom 2055
Freedom 2060
Income
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
Investments
Number of shares
96,548
45,231
15,131
18,454
982
21,333
50,506
Identified cost
$2,671,724
$1,300,158
$436,487
$478,790
$14,309
$295,752
$574,262
Value
$2,900,296
$1,342,457
$462,411
$508,783
$15,277
$324,264
$589,410
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
2
2
1
2
        Total assets
2,900,298
1,342,459
462,412
508,785
15,277
324,264
589,410
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
1
1
        Total liabilities
1
1
NET ASSETS
$2,900,298
$1,342,459
$462,412
$508,785
$15,277
$324,263
$589,409
Outstanding units
Policy owners
1,351,750
578,181
324,722
214,911
10,725
227,638
530,811
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
Strategic Variable Life®
Variable Life Select
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
Variable Universal Life
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-14
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
Freedom
Freedom 2035
Freedom 2040
Freedom 2045
Freedom 2050
Freedom 2055
Freedom 2060
Income
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
Tier 2
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Tier 5
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
MassMutual ElectrumSM
2.15
2.32
1.42
2.37
1.42
1.42
1.11
Apex VUL
Apex VUL MM
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-15
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
International
International
VIP
VIP
Growth
Health Care
Index 500
Index
Index
Overseas
Real Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
(Initial Class)
Investments
Number of shares
61,269
2,797
5,990
146,763
33,352
10,574
297
Identified cost
$5,691,520
$96,458
$3,517,700
$1,701,629
$452,281
$292,804
$5,501
Value
$5,916,113
$107,165
$3,934,994
$2,062,022
$465,593
$291,007
$5,298
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
        Total assets
5,916,113
107,165
3,934,994
2,062,022
465,593
291,007
5,298
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
1
13
3
3
2
5
8
        Total liabilities
1
13
3
3
2
5
8
NET ASSETS
$5,916,112
$107,152
$3,934,991
$2,062,019
$465,591
$291,002
$5,290
Outstanding units
Policy owners
1,405,156
90,921
2,270,659
1,420,339
341,884
190,895
4,386
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
Strategic Variable Life®
Variable Life Select
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
Variable Universal Life
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
6.05
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-16
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
International
International
VIP
VIP
Growth
Health Care
Index 500
Index
Index
Overseas
Real Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
(Initial Class)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
Tier 2
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Tier 5
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
MassMutual ElectrumSM
4.10
1.73
1.36
1.91
Apex VUL
1.17
1.49
1.32
1.16
Apex VUL MM
1.20
1.38
1.23
1.21
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-17
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Franklin Mutual
Franklin
Franklin
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
Global
Small Cap
Strategic
VIP
Strategic
Total Market
Total Market
Discovery
Value
Income
Real Estate
Income
Index
Index
VIP
VIP
VIP
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
Investments
Number of shares
14,885
5,927
303,775
236
1,363,971
547
Identified cost
$265,278
$63,247
$6,091,653
$
$4,499
$17,970,792
$4,897
Value
$263,758
$66,555
$7,421,217
$
$4,489
$18,918,273
$4,998
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
2
        Total assets
263,760
66,555
7,421,217
4,489
18,918,273
4,998
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
9
5
9
        Total liabilities
9
5
9
NET ASSETS
$263,760
$66,546
$7,421,212
$
$4,489
$18,918,264
$4,998
Outstanding units
Policy owners
197,984
56,094
4,642,611
2,359
2,925,583
4,104
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
Strategic Variable Life®
Variable Life Select
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
7.92
Variable Universal Life
7.40
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
7.92
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-18
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Franklin Mutual
Franklin
Franklin
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
Global
Small Cap
Strategic
VIP
Strategic
Total Market
Total Market
Discovery
Value
Income
Real Estate
Income
Index
Index
VIP
VIP
VIP
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
7.07
Tier 2
6.40
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
7.49
Tier 2
5.73
Tier 3
5.42
Tier 4
5.54
Tier 5
6.06
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
4.97
Tier 2
5.07
Tier 3
5.18
Tier 4
5.18
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
MassMutual ElectrumSM
1.33
1.64
1.90
1.92
1.22
Apex VUL
1.20
1.88
Apex VUL MM
1.15
1.38
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-19
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Goldman
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Sachs
International
Sachs
Sachs
Small Cap
Sachs
Sachs
Core Fixed
Equity
Large Cap
Mid Cap
Equity
Strategic
U.S. Equity
Income
Insights
Value
Value
Insights
Growth
Insights
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
Investments
Number of shares
81,829
102,956
462
250,291
6,214
942,440
9,875
Identified cost
$781,169
$1,067,945
$4,106
$3,989,440
$76,652
$12,645,930
$182,154
Value
$796,201
$1,069,711
$3,779
$4,077,246
$88,733
$14,598,396
$215,166
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
3
1
        Total assets
796,201
1,069,711
3,779
4,077,249
88,734
14,598,396
215,166
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
10
10
40
6
        Total liabilities
10
10
40
6
NET ASSETS
$796,201
$1,069,701
$3,769
$4,077,249
$88,734
$14,598,356
$215,160
Outstanding units
Policy owners
695,870
517,792
779
1,210,379
39,633
1,538,987
33,201
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
Strategic Variable Life®
5.00
12.02
9.91
7.87
Variable Life Select
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
8.56
Variable Universal Life
6.76
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
2.87
4.51
11.08
8.12
6.48
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
7.30
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-20
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Goldman
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Sachs
International
Sachs
Sachs
Small Cap
Sachs
Sachs
Core Fixed
Equity
Large Cap
Mid Cap
Equity
Strategic
U.S. Equity
Income
Insights
Value
Value
Insights
Growth
Insights
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
7.37
Tier 2
10.58
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
11.19
Tier 2
9.47
Tier 3
8.96
Tier 4
9.16
Tier 5
10.01
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
8.85
Tier 2
9.04
Tier 3
9.24
Tier 4
9.24
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
MassMutual ElectrumSM
1.14
1.96
2.20
2.24
Apex VUL
Apex VUL MM
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-21
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
American
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Discovery
Discovery
Diversified
Invesco V.I.
Franchise
Comstock
Core Plus Bond
Large Cap
Mid Cap Growth
Dividend
Equity & Income
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
Investments
Number of shares
25,221
7,865
1,688,213
314,568
182,593
112,821
74,683
Identified cost
$2,006,602
$150,042
$9,638,976
$15,567,112
$13,360,049
$2,901,575
$1,292,045
Value
$2,042,929
$168,464
$9,876,046
$19,896,420
$13,732,821
$3,070,990
$1,364,452
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
2
1
4
        Total assets
2,042,931
168,465
9,876,046
19,896,420
13,732,825
3,070,990
1,364,452
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
21
3
43
3
        Total liabilities
21
3
43
3
NET ASSETS
$2,042,931
$168,465
$9,876,025
$19,896,417
$13,732,825
$3,070,947
$1,364,449
Outstanding units
Policy owners
613,543
65,862
6,621,800
1,153,927
1,373,113
1,059,218
431,617
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
Strategic Variable Life®
2.25
5.20
Variable Life Select
17.24
10.00
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
1.69
3.16
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
1.62
2.93
Variable Universal Life
1.68
2.74
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
1.65
3.11
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
1.82
2.93
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-22
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
American
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Discovery
Discovery
Diversified
Invesco V.I.
Franchise
Comstock
Core Plus Bond
Large Cap
Mid Cap Growth
Dividend
Equity & Income
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
1.46
2.62
Tier 2
1.41
2.49
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
1.34
2.77
Tier 2
1.26
2.23
Tier 3
1.20
2.11
Tier 4
1.22
2.16
Tier 5
1.34
2.36
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
1.17
2.07
Tier 2
1.19
2.11
Tier 3
1.22
2.16
Tier 4
1.22
2.16
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
4.19
Tier 2
4.27
Tier 3
4.34
Tier 4
4.61
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
MassMutual ElectrumSM
3.33
2.56
2.00
Apex VUL
Apex VUL MM
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-23
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
EQV International
Invesco V.I.
Global Real
Global
Invesco V.I.
International
Main Street
Equity
Global
Estate
Strategic Income
Health Care
Growth
Small Cap
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
Investments
Number of shares
2,187
440,507
7,283,762
162,590
13,979,326
66,743
Identified cost
$78,045
$16,420,367
$
$31,547,371
$4,655,645
$29,576,774
$1,711,876
Value
$78,989
$16,717,255
$
$33,286,792
$4,859,825
$27,119,891
$1,904,836
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
1
        Total assets
78,989
16,717,256
33,286,792
4,859,825
27,119,891
1,904,836
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
69
43
43
6
        Total liabilities
69
43
43
6
NET ASSETS
$78,989
$16,717,256
$
$33,286,723
$4,859,782
$27,119,848
$1,904,830
Outstanding units
Policy owners
48,677
1,198,353
12,049,314
889,472
6,989,393
197,233
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$5.92
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
0.93
Strategic Variable Life®
4.09
4.60
10.71
Variable Life Select
15.69
3.78
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
2.81
4.41
9.61
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
3.11
6.12
3.66
Variable Universal Life
2.90
5.72
3.40
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
2.87
4.09
9.99
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
3.05
6.12
3.66
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-24
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
EQV International
Invesco V.I.
Global Real
Global
Invesco V.I.
International
Main Street
Equity
Global
Estate
Strategic Income
Health Care
Growth
Small Cap
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
2.60
5.46
3.07
Tier 2
2.33
5.65
4.35
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
2.34
5.78
5.90
Tier 2
2.09
5.05
3.89
Tier 3
1.97
4.78
3.68
Tier 4
2.02
4.89
3.76
Tier 5
2.20
5.34
4.11
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
1.93
4.59
3.70
Tier 2
1.97
4.69
3.78
Tier 3
2.01
4.79
3.86
Tier 4
2.01
4.79
3.86
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
1.88
4.70
3.39
Tier 2
1.92
4.78
3.45
Tier 3
1.95
4.86
3.51
Tier 4
2.07
5.16
3.73
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
1.32
1.72
MassMutual ElectrumSM
1.62
1.21
1.53
Apex VUL
1.08
1.14
Apex VUL MM
1.19
1.15
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-25
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Small Cap
Invesco V.I.
U.S. Government
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Equity
Technology
Money
Balanced
Balanced
Enterprise
Forty
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
(Institutional Class)
Investments
Number of shares
83
446,245
2,599,348
27
121,607
28
607,418
Identified cost
$1,480
$9,078,609
$2,599,348
$1,229
$5,441,794
$2,293
$27,232,081
Value
$1,657
$11,464,023
$2,599,348
$1,490
$7,233,168
$2,327
$36,092,801
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
24
        Total assets
1,657
11,464,023
2,599,372
1,490
7,233,168
2,327
36,092,801
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
47
5
12
2
8
        Total liabilities
47
5
12
2
8
NET ASSETS
$1,657
$11,463,976
$2,599,372
$1,485
$7,233,156
$2,325
$36,092,793
Outstanding units
Policy owners
784
1,302,213
1,822,282
272
1,193,419
2,285
2,913,258
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
Strategic Variable Life®
1.81
8.46
Variable Life Select
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
1.43
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
5.33
6.46
Variable Universal Life
4.95
6.04
8.00
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
1.41
5.46
7.91
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
5.33
6.46
8.65
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-26
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Small Cap
Invesco V.I.
U.S. Government
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Equity
Technology
Money
Balanced
Balanced
Enterprise
Forty
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
(Institutional Class)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
4.18
5.77
10.36
Tier 2
8.67
6.09
14.79
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
10.90
6.11
Tier 2
7.76
5.45
Tier 3
7.34
5.16
Tier 4
7.50
5.27
Tier 5
8.20
5.76
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
8.68
5.13
Tier 2
8.86
5.24
Tier 3
9.05
5.35
Tier 4
9.05
5.35
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
10.39
Tier 2
10.57
Tier 3
10.75
Tier 4
11.42
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
MassMutual ElectrumSM
2.11
Apex VUL
Apex VUL MM
1.02
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-27
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Janus Henderson
Janus
Janus
Janus
Global
Janus
Lord Abbett
Lord Abbett
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Technology and
Henderson
Developing
Mid Cap
Forty
Global Research
Global Research
Innovation
Overseas
Growth
Stock
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
(Service Class)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
Investments
Number of shares
12,711
415,483
5,604
29,976
3
2,727
2,586
Identified cost
$590,743
$23,722,503
$346,053
$670,142
$159
$62,023
$67,951
Value
$659,336
$33,101,501
$428,219
$717,622
$161
$91,167
$67,377
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
        Total assets
659,336
33,101,501
428,219
717,622
161
91,167
67,377
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
10
2
14
10
        Total liabilities
10
2
14
10
NET ASSETS
$659,326
$33,101,499
$428,205
$717,612
$161
$91,167
$67,377
Outstanding units
Policy owners
51,580
9,081,849
79,741
445,593
126
34,795
38,100
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
Strategic Variable Life®
3.14
Variable Life Select
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
Variable Universal Life
3.00
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
2.94
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
3.24
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-28
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
Janus Henderson
Janus
Janus
Janus
Global
Janus
Lord Abbett
Lord Abbett
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Technology and
Henderson
Developing
Mid Cap
Forty
Global Research
Global Research
Innovation
Overseas
Growth
Stock
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
(Service Class)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
3.88
Tier 2
6.01
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
14.50
6.33
Tier 2
12.53
5.09
Tier 3
11.85
4.82
Tier 4
12.12
4.93
Tier 5
13.24
5.38
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
11.32
5.03
Tier 2
11.56
5.14
Tier 3
11.81
5.25
Tier 4
11.81
5.25
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
MassMutual ElectrumSM
2.62
1.77
Apex VUL
2.08
Apex VUL MM
1.51
1.28
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-29
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP American
Century
Century
Century
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP
MFS® Blended
Capital
Disciplined
Inflation
Century
Century
JPMorgan
Research®
Appreciation
Core Value
Protection
International
Value
U.S. Equity
Core Equity
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
Investments
Number of shares
197,797
3,719,284
12,044
106,856
1,552,481
59,395
256
Identified cost
$3,013,701
$33,063,969
$115,420
$1,192,283
$17,805,382
$2,370,713
$15,435
Value
$2,998,603
$36,002,666
$108,828
$1,308,453
$20,056,507
$2,932,211
$15,546
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
1
        Total assets
2,998,603
36,002,666
108,828
1,308,454
20,056,507
2,932,211
15,546
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
8
1
26
1
        Total liabilities
8
1
26
1
NET ASSETS
$2,998,603
$36,002,658
$108,827
$1,308,454
$20,056,481
$2,932,210
$15,546
Outstanding units
Policy owners
1,166,384
6,765,307
88,867
760,192
3,259,516
896,208
4,987
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
Strategic Variable Life®
4.35
7.98
Variable Life Select
4.54
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
4.49
6.00
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
5.69
7.00
Variable Universal Life
4.86
6.54
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
4.07
1.96
7.46
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
4.51
7.00
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-30
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP American
Century
Century
Century
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP
MFS® Blended
Capital
Disciplined
Inflation
Century
Century
JPMorgan
Research®
Appreciation
Core Value
Protection
International
Value
U.S. Equity
Core Equity
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
4.49
6.25
Tier 2
5.67
6.04
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
6.24
6.61
Tier 2
5.08
5.40
Tier 3
4.80
5.11
Tier 4
4.91
5.23
Tier 5
5.37
5.71
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
4.56
4.71
Tier 2
4.66
4.81
Tier 3
4.76
4.91
Tier 4
4.76
4.91
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
MassMutual ElectrumSM
2.57
1.22
1.70
3.27
3.12
Apex VUL
Apex VUL MM
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-31
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
Global
Government
MFS®
International
Investors
Mid Cap
New
Real Estate
Securities
Growth
Intrinsic Value
Trust
Value
Discovery
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
Investments
Number of shares
45,408
78
45,665
76,327
38,787
120,037
412,613
Identified cost
$595,459
$840
$2,871,926
$2,308,682
$1,196,018
$1,238,510
$7,118,579
Value
$576,229
$839
$3,098,372
$2,821,794
$1,014,655
$1,213,576
$6,436,769
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
1
5
        Total assets
576,230
839
3,098,372
2,821,799
1,014,655
1,213,576
6,436,769
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
6
12
1
27
        Total liabilities
6
12
1
27
NET ASSETS
$576,230
$839
$3,098,366
$2,821,799
$1,014,643
$1,213,575
$6,436,742
Outstanding units
Policy owners
407,337
759
464,114
1,321,164
128,977
576,799
940,452
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
Strategic Variable Life®
10.44
10.20
Variable Life Select
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
8.05
7.77
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
8.72
8.31
Variable Universal Life
8.14
7.77
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
8.60
8.73
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
8.72
8.31
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-32
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
Global
Government
MFS®
International
Investors
Mid Cap
New
Real Estate
Securities
Growth
Intrinsic Value
Trust
Value
Discovery
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
7.78
7.42
Tier 2
7.84
6.43
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
8.24
7.86
Tier 2
7.02
5.75
Tier 3
6.64
5.44
Tier 4
6.79
5.56
Tier 5
7.42
6.08
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
6.55
6.44
Tier 2
6.69
6.58
Tier 3
6.84
6.73
Tier 4
6.84
6.73
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
MassMutual ElectrumSM
1.41
1.11
3.55
2.14
2.10
Apex VUL
Apex VUL MM
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-33
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML
American Century
American Century
American Funds
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
Aggressive
Mid Cap
Small
Core
Research
Utilities
Value
Allocation
Value
Company Value
Allocation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
Investments
Number of shares
36,514
1,359
270,097
922,143
306,100
34,571
75,073
Identified cost
$1,075,321
$47,271
$5,979,263
$8,336,690
$2,526,928
$278,385
$806,588
Value
$1,113,325
$51,273
$6,012,370
$9,193,769
$2,461,046
$297,657
$867,839
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
        Total assets
1,113,325
51,273
6,012,370
9,193,769
2,461,046
297,657
867,839
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
8
6
23
21
9
7
        Total liabilities
8
6
23
21
9
7
NET ASSETS
$1,113,317
$51,273
$6,012,364
$9,193,746
$2,461,025
$297,648
$867,832
Outstanding units
Policy owners
174,403
25,477
2,853,372
2,924,351
743,914
191,724
562,099
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
Strategic Variable Life®
7.54
Variable Life Select
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
5.98
3.12
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
Variable Universal Life
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
6.45
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-34
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML
American Century
American Century
American Funds
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
Aggressive
Mid Cap
Small
Core
Research
Utilities
Value
Allocation
Value
Company Value
Allocation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
Tier 2
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Tier 5
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
5.01
5.65
Tier 2
5.09
5.75
Tier 3
5.18
5.85
Tier 4
5.50
6.21
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
2.43
2.32
2.14
2.21
MassMutual ElectrumSM
2.01
2.11
2.09
1.86
1.66
1.92
Apex VUL
1.50
1.50
1.32
1.42
Apex VUL MM
1.25
1.16
1.04
1.25
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-35
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
American Funds
Balanced
BlackRock
BlackRock
MML
Blue Chip
Conservative
Growth
Allocation
iShares® 60/40
iShares® 80/20
Blend
Growth
Allocation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
Investments
Number of shares
429,783
352,938
7,963
49,488
1,573,278
1,219,265
234,554
Identified cost
$6,401,242
$3,177,430
$87,903
$548,095
$32,853,946
$20,829,105
$2,029,375
Value
$8,135,795
$3,289,382
$93,724
$633,451
$36,425,041
$23,958,553
$2,080,498
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
3
        Total assets
8,135,798
3,289,382
93,724
633,451
36,425,041
23,958,553
2,080,498
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
20
10
10
45
6
35
        Total liabilities
20
10
10
45
6
35
NET ASSETS
$8,135,798
$3,289,362
$93,714
$633,441
$36,424,996
$23,958,547
$2,080,463
Outstanding units
Policy owners
4,187,936
1,527,506
70,734
471,129
6,509,095
4,389,320
1,082,786
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$16.73
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
13.85
Strategic Variable Life®
8.20
4.79
Variable Life Select
7.56
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
2.14
5.95
1.95
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
5.20
7.02
Variable Universal Life
4.64
4.84
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
4.59
4.48
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
4.98
5.23
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-36
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
American Funds
Balanced
BlackRock
BlackRock
MML
Blue Chip
Conservative
Growth
Allocation
iShares® 60/40
iShares® 80/20
Blend
Growth
Allocation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
4.55
5.95
Tier 2
5.31
9.16
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
5.48
9.71
Tier 2
4.75
8.20
Tier 3
4.50
7.76
Tier 4
4.60
7.94
Tier 5
5.02
8.67
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
4.40
8.01
Tier 2
4.49
8.19
Tier 3
4.59
8.36
Tier 4
4.59
8.36
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
3.13
11.58
2.79
Tier 2
3.18
11.78
2.84
Tier 3
3.24
11.98
2.89
Tier 4
3.44
12.72
3.07
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
4.94
1.82
2.39
4.13
1.70
MassMutual ElectrumSM
4.01
1.64
2.08
3.46
1.55
Apex VUL
1.92
1.25
1.35
1.46
1.45
1.69
1.20
Apex VUL MM
1.47
1.19
1.26
1.31
1.27
1.48
1.18
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-37
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Fidelity
MML
MML
Equity
Equity
Equity
Equity
Institutional AM®
Focused
Equity
Income
Index
Index
Index
Core Plus Bond
Equity
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
(Class II)
(Class III)
(Service Class I)
Investments
Number of shares
4,184,542
363,930
4,006,489
450,736
229,889
103,058
93,191
Identified cost
$111,691,744
$3,713,867
$121,142,061
$14,642,632
$7,026,695
$926,150
$672,013
Value
$129,270,951
$3,792,146
$139,866,519
$15,681,111
$7,485,195
$933,703
$651,403
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
2
25
3
        Total assets
129,270,951
3,792,146
139,866,521
15,681,136
7,485,198
933,703
651,403
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
15
10
7
8
        Total liabilities
15
10
7
8
NET ASSETS
$129,270,936
$3,792,136
$139,866,521
$15,681,136
$7,485,198
$933,696
$651,395
Outstanding units
Policy owners
17,423,312
1,348,041
17,110,896
9,283,023
2,416,993
868,130
306,539
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$20.79
$
$6.23
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
16.91
14.78
Strategic Variable Life®
9.54
12.18
Variable Life Select
8.75
6.64
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
3.93
8.93
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
5.16
8.57
Variable Universal Life
4.65
7.21
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
4.56
6.90
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
5.14
6.58
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-38
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Fidelity
MML
MML
Equity
Equity
Equity
Equity
Institutional AM®
Focused
Equity
Income
Index
Index
Index
Core Plus Bond
Equity
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
(Class II)
(Class III)
(Service Class I)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
4.45
6.71
Tier 2
6.03
8.92
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
6.60
9.70
Tier 2
5.39
7.99
Tier 3
5.10
7.56
Tier 4
5.22
7.73
Tier 5
5.70
8.44
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
4.84
7.35
Tier 2
4.94
7.51
Tier 3
5.05
7.67
Tier 4
5.05
7.67
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
5.75
4.94
8.36
Tier 2
5.85
5.02
8.50
Tier 3
5.95
5.11
8.65
Tier 4
6.32
5.42
9.18
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
2.81
2.65
1.20
3.11
MassMutual ElectrumSM
2.42
2.17
3.10
1.15
2.47
Apex VUL
1.91
1.70
1.97
0.92
1.51
Apex VUL MM
1.29
1.21
1.39
1.12
1.17
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-39
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML Inflation-
Invesco
MML
Fundamental
MML
Growth
Income
Protected
Discovery
Foreign
Equity
Global
Allocation
& Growth
and Income
Large Cap
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
(Class II)
Investments
Number of shares
151,885
3,629,926
18,808,952
1,064,025
164,720
674,040
9,705,882
Identified cost
$1,560,643
$42,658,560
$99,967,240
$7,766,806
$1,576,300
$6,542,887
$97,062,223
Value
$1,801,358
$43,486,518
$103,449,238
$8,895,248
$1,457,772
$5,830,448
$98,126,467
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
1
22
        Total assets
1,801,358
43,486,518
103,449,238
8,895,249
1,457,772
5,830,448
98,126,489
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
41
90
86
19
30
        Total liabilities
41
90
86
19
30
NET ASSETS
$1,801,317
$43,486,428
$103,449,152
$8,895,249
$1,457,753
$5,830,418
$98,126,489
Outstanding units
Policy owners
944,508
41,308,165
96,543,219
2,700,878
442,414
3,079,359
97,102,800
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
1.03
Strategic Variable Life®
1.01
1.03
1.01
Variable Life Select
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
1.01
1.03
2.73
1.01
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
1.01
1.03
2.11
1.01
Variable Universal Life
1.01
1.03
1.97
1.01
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
1.01
1.03
1.01
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
1.01
1.03
2.11
1.01
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-40
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML Inflation-
Invesco
MML
Fundamental
MML
Growth
Income
Protected
Discovery
Foreign
Equity
Global
Allocation
& Growth
and Income
Large Cap
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
(Class II)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
1.01
1.03
1.88
1.01
Tier 2
1.01
1.03
1.96
1.01
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
1.01
1.03
1.91
1.01
Tier 2
1.01
1.03
1.76
1.01
Tier 3
1.01
1.03
1.66
1.01
Tier 4
1.01
1.03
1.70
1.01
Tier 5
1.01
1.03
1.86
1.01
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
1.01
1.03
1.63
1.01
Tier 2
1.01
1.03
1.67
1.01
Tier 3
1.01
1.03
1.70
1.01
Tier 4
1.01
1.03
1.70
1.01
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
2.67
1.01
5.19
4.22
5.00
1.72
1.01
Tier 2
2.72
1.01
5.28
4.30
5.08
1.75
1.01
Tier 3
2.76
1.01
5.37
4.37
5.17
1.78
1.01
Tier 4
2.93
1.02
5.70
4.64
5.49
1.89
1.01
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
1.86
3.81
2.52
2.20
2.75
1.36
MassMutual ElectrumSM
1.67
3.28
1.03
1.92
2.24
1.28
Apex VUL
1.58
1.80
1.46
1.41
1.80
1.03
Apex VUL MM
1.37
1.34
1.29
1.23
1.24
1.10
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-41
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML
Invesco
Invesco
Loomis Sayles
MML
MML
MFS
MML
Discovery
Small Cap
Large Cap
Managed
Managed
International
Mid Cap
Mid Cap
Equity
Growth
Bond
Volatility
Equity
Growth
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
Investments
Number of shares
6,130,148
3,297,179
120,102
2,398,383
1,046,496
75,788
5,877,606
Identified cost
$61,305,166
$34,048,289
$1,832,355
$28,169,218
$12,708,676
$848,613
$57,648,349
Value
$61,669,286
$35,144,031
$1,952,860
$26,795,766
$11,437,018
$942,797
$58,482,185
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
        Total assets
61,669,286
35,144,031
1,952,860
26,795,766
11,437,018
942,797
58,482,185
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
10
32
10
54
71
9
100
        Total liabilities
10
32
10
54
71
9
100
NET ASSETS
$61,669,276
$35,143,999
$1,952,850
$26,795,712
$11,436,947
$942,788
$58,482,085
Outstanding units
Policy owners
61,332,715
6,138,792
827,481
12,414,862
3,680,550
613,610
54,154,078
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$6.30
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
1.01
5.52
Strategic Variable Life®
1.01
3.54
1.02
Variable Life Select
7.38
3.32
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
1.01
7.31
2.45
1.14
1.02
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
1.01
6.89
2.88
3.14
1.02
Variable Universal Life
1.01
7.84
2.57
2.92
1.02
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
1.01
8.26
2.58
2.60
1.02
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
1.01
7.61
2.78
3.14
1.02
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-42
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML
Invesco
Invesco
Loomis Sayles
MML
MML
MFS
MML
Discovery
Small Cap
Large Cap
Managed
Managed
International
Mid Cap
Mid Cap
Equity
Growth
Bond
Volatility
Equity
Growth
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
1.01
6.21
2.20
2.72
1.02
Tier 2
1.01
6.11
2.13
3.27
1.02
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
1.01
7.10
2.02
3.63
1.02
Tier 2
1.01
5.47
1.90
2.92
1.02
Tier 3
1.00
5.17
1.80
2.77
1.02
Tier 4
1.00
5.29
1.84
2.83
1.02
Tier 5
1.01
5.78
2.01
3.09
1.02
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
1.00
5.31
1.78
2.63
Tier 2
1.00
5.43
1.81
2.69
Tier 3
1.01
5.54
1.85
2.75
Tier 4
1.01
5.54
1.85
2.75
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
1.01
6.63
1.69
2.96
7.54
Tier 2
1.01
6.74
1.72
3.01
7.67
Tier 3
1.01
6.86
1.75
3.06
7.80
Tier 4
1.01
7.28
1.85
3.25
8.28
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
1.01
2.68
4.50
1.29
1.81
1.93
2.56
MassMutual ElectrumSM
1.01
2.18
3.87
1.23
1.67
1.61
2.14
Apex VUL
1.00
1.54
2.01
0.99
1.38
1.47
1.23
Apex VUL MM
1.01
1.22
1.47
1.14
1.24
1.27
1.14
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-43
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Nomura
Moderate
Short-Duration
Small Cap
Small/Mid Cap
Sustainable
U.S. Government
VIP Asset
Allocation
Bond
Growth Equity
Value
Equity
Money Market
Strategy
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
(Standard Class)
Investments
Number of shares
192,631
64,707
1,750,156
368,632
154,429
25,067,403
4,776
Identified cost
$1,714,357
$597,204
$20,236,688
$3,165,008
$2,500,394
$25,067,403
$43,228
Value
$1,895,487
$598,537
$20,313,880
$3,070,704
$2,554,248
$25,067,402
$47,852
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
239
        Total assets
1,895,487
598,537
20,313,880
3,070,704
2,554,248
25,067,641
47,852
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
29
10
45
27
16
12
        Total liabilities
29
10
45
27
16
12
NET ASSETS
$1,895,458
$598,527
$20,313,835
$3,070,677
$2,554,232
$25,067,641
$47,840
Outstanding units
Policy owners
653,678
492,970
3,960,797
1,330,107
589,636
20,011,199
33,663
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$
$2.45
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
2.15
Strategic Variable Life®
4.86
1.77
Variable Life Select
1.64
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
2.35
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
6.68
1.56
Variable Universal Life
4.94
1.39
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
4.55
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
5.34
1.43
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-44
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Nomura
Moderate
Short-Duration
Small Cap
Small/Mid Cap
Sustainable
U.S. Government
VIP Asset
Allocation
Bond
Growth Equity
Value
Equity
Money Market
Strategy
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
(Standard Class)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
5.87
1.20
Tier 2
6.72
1.31
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
8.44
1.24
Tier 2
6.02
1.17
Tier 3
5.69
1.11
Tier 4
5.82
1.13
Tier 5
6.36
1.24
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
6.05
1.14
Tier 2
6.18
1.16
Tier 3
6.32
1.19
Tier 4
6.32
1.19
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
3.51
6.28
5.48
6.95
1.06
Tier 2
3.57
6.38
5.58
7.07
1.08
Tier 3
3.63
6.49
5.67
7.19
1.10
Tier 4
3.85
6.90
6.03
7.63
1.17
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
1.95
1.28
2.63
2.19
3.34
1.20
MassMutual ElectrumSM
1.73
1.23
2.20
1.80
2.78
1.19
Apex VUL
1.31
1.10
1.21
1.53
1.77
1.11
1.44
Apex VUL MM
1.21
1.12
1.20
1.13
1.27
1.07
1.27
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-45
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
PIMCO
Nomura
Nomura
Nomura
Nomura
Commodity-
PIMCO
VIP Asset
VIP Emerging
VIP Science
VIP Small Cap
RealReturn®
Global Bond
PIMCO
Strategy
Markets
and Technology
Value
Strategy
Opportunities
High Yield
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
(Service Class)
Investments
Number of shares
15,030
56,714
576
17,249
96,204
26,125
26,188
Identified cost
$127,342
$1,425,835
$15,288
$633,337
$580,991
$279,319
$199,510
Value
$150,295
$2,269,113
$18,823
$687,710
$617,629
$260,200
$194,052
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
1
1
9
12
        Total assets
150,296
2,269,113
18,823
687,711
617,629
260,209
194,064
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
21
        Total liabilities
21
NET ASSETS
$150,296
$2,269,113
$18,823
$687,711
$617,608
$260,209
$194,064
Outstanding units
Policy owners
73,467
1,004,506
4,546
403,785
444,210
223,708
132,384
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
Strategic Variable Life®
Variable Life Select
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
Variable Universal Life
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-46
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
PIMCO
Nomura
Nomura
Nomura
Nomura
Commodity-
PIMCO
VIP Asset
VIP Emerging
VIP Science
VIP Small Cap
RealReturn®
Global Bond
PIMCO
Strategy
Markets
and Technology
Value
Strategy
Opportunities
High Yield
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
(Service Class)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
Tier 2
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Tier 5
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
1.31
Tier 2
1.33
Tier 3
1.35
Tier 4
1.44
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
2.06
MassMutual ElectrumSM
2.02
2.26
4.14
1.70
1.73
1.16
1.47
Apex VUL
Apex VUL MM
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-47
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
PIMCO
PIMCO
PIMCO
All-Cap
Blue Chip
T. Rowe Price
Limited-Term
Income
Real Return
Total Return
Opportunities
Growth
Equity Income
Bond
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
Investments
Number of shares
12,164
1,792
30,746
156,952
541,428
914,637
11,377
Identified cost
$121,221
$21,365
$284,746
$5,552,597
$25,632,215
$25,016,962
$53,582
Value
$125,896
$21,520
$290,546
$6,224,708
$35,371,489
$26,442,150
$54,043
Dividends receivable
1
(1)
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
2
2
8
1
        Total assets
125,898
21,523
290,554
6,224,708
35,371,489
26,442,149
54,044
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
4
25
21
        Total liabilities
4
25
21
NET ASSETS
$125,898
$21,523
$290,554
$6,224,704
$35,371,464
$26,442,128
$54,044
Outstanding units
Policy owners
104,040
16,798
243,491
665,120
2,969,130
4,639,578
43,804
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
Strategic Variable Life®
12.12
Variable Life Select
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
9.22
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
13.46
6.45
Variable Universal Life
12.58
6.03
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
10.12
1.92
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
13.46
6.45
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-48
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
PIMCO
PIMCO
PIMCO
All-Cap
Blue Chip
T. Rowe Price
Limited-Term
Income
Real Return
Total Return
Opportunities
Growth
Equity Income
Bond
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
12.02
5.76
Tier 2
11.86
5.66
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
12.72
6.09
Tier 2
10.62
5.07
Tier 3
10.05
4.80
Tier 4
10.27
4.90
Tier 5
11.23
5.36
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
10.02
4.47
Tier 2
10.23
4.57
Tier 3
10.45
4.67
Tier 4
10.45
4.67
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
MassMutual ElectrumSM
1.28
1.19
1.23
Apex VUL
1.21
Apex VUL MM
1.16
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-49
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
T. Rowe Price
Templeton
Templeton
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
Voya
Mid-Cap
Foreign
Global
Global Bond
Mid Cap
Real Estate
International
Growth
VIP
Bond VIP
Index
Index
Index
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
Investments
Number of shares
270,204
860,973
5,632
37,289
91,043
68,080
159,390
Identified cost
$7,582,398
$11,391,785
$73,291
$674,374
$2,170,486
$779,675
$1,765,912
Value
$7,079,333
$13,964,981
$78,847
$702,161
$2,545,564
$787,689
$2,239,427
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
        Total assets
7,079,333
13,964,981
78,847
702,161
2,545,564
787,689
2,239,427
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
2
30
3
4
7
1
        Total liabilities
2
30
3
4
7
1
NET ASSETS
$7,079,331
$13,964,951
$78,847
$702,158
$2,545,560
$787,682
$2,239,426
Outstanding units
Policy owners
724,140
4,617,363
83,095
734,117
1,712,325
648,472
1,234,486
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$8.38
$
$
$
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
Strategic Variable Life®
Variable Life Select
10.31
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
2.84
Variable Universal Life
2.48
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
2.68
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-50
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
December 31, 2025
T. Rowe Price
Templeton
Templeton
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
Voya
Mid-Cap
Foreign
Global
Global Bond
Mid Cap
Real Estate
International
Growth
VIP
Bond VIP
Index
Index
Index
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
2.43
Tier 2
3.10
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
3.62
Tier 2
2.77
Tier 3
2.62
Tier 4
2.68
Tier 5
2.93
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
2.48
Tier 2
2.54
Tier 3
2.59
Tier 4
2.59
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
MassMutual ElectrumSM
0.95
1.81
Apex VUL
0.94
1.52
1.22
Apex VUL MM
1.10
1.25
1.18
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-51
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
Voya
Voya
VY® CBRE
Russell™
Russell™
Global
Mid Cap Index
Small Cap Index
Real Estate
Division
Division
Division
ASSETS
Investments
Number of shares
191,457
60,762
55,499
Identified cost
$2,062,435
$803,475
$546,175
Value
$2,054,338
$826,977
$572,750
Dividends receivable
Receivable from Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
        Total assets
2,054,338
826,977
572,750
LIABILITIES
Payable to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company
1
15
        Total liabilities
1
15
NET ASSETS
$2,054,337
$826,977
$572,735
Outstanding units
Policy owners
937,219
442,565
208,250
UNIT VALUE
Variable Life Plus
$
$
$
Large Case Variable Life Plus
Strategic Variable Life®
Variable Life Select
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®
Survivorship Variable Universal Life
Variable Universal Life
Strategic Variable Life® Plus
Survivorship Variable Universal Life II
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-52
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)
Voya
Voya
VY® CBRE
Russell™
Russell™
Global
Mid Cap Index
Small Cap Index
Real Estate
Division
Division
Division
UNIT VALUE (Continued)
Variable Universal Life II
Tier 1
Tier 2
VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Tier 5
Survivorship VUL GuardSM
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Variable Universal Life III
Tier 1
2.58
Tier 2
2.63
Tier 3
2.67
Tier 4
2.84
Strategic Group Variable Universal Life® II
MassMutual ElectrumSM
2.19
1.87
Apex VUL
Apex VUL MM
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-53
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
American Funds
American Funds
American Funds
Insurance Series®
Insurance Series®
American Funds
American Funds
Insurance Series®
BlackRock
BlackRock
Asset
Global Small
Insurance Series®
Insurance Series®
Washington
High Yield
Small Cap Index
Allocation
Capitalization
Growth-Income
New World
Mutual Investors
V.I.
V.I.
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Class I)
Investment income
Dividends
$604,514
$1
$512,947
$124
$1,683
$64,778
$14,157
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
84,533
160,751
5
33
2,178
10,340
Net investment income (loss)
519,981
1
352,196
119
1,650
62,600
3,817
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
336,775
4
1,373,242
447
48
5,742
3,348
Realized gain distribution
2,061,620
9,326,167
237
4,572
47,837
Realized gain (loss)
2,398,395
4
10,699,409
447
285
10,314
51,185
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
1,375,169
2
(1,861,678)
849
3,219
13,171
124,080
Net gain (loss) on investments
3,773,564
6
8,837,731
1,296
3,504
23,485
175,265
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
4,293,545
7
9,189,927
1,415
5,154
86,085
179,082
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-54
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
American Funds
American Funds
American Funds
Insurance Series®
Insurance Series®
American Funds
American Funds
Insurance Series®
BlackRock
BlackRock
Asset
Global Small
Insurance Series®
Insurance Series®
Washington
High Yield
Small Cap Index
Allocation
Capitalization
Growth-Income
New World
Mutual Investors
V.I.
V.I.
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Class I)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
775,861
227
1,251,079
7,676
41,258
1,086
347,158
Transfers due to death benefits
(118,895)
(413,408)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(1,319,726)
(2,377,886)
(173)
(2,735)
(134)
(47,008)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(646,954)
(1,424,919)
(35,099)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(806,886)
(96)
(1,371,195)
(278)
(1,686)
(15,018)
(114,882)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
948,378
455,189
4,424
117,087
1,970,536
93,703
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(1,168,222)
131
(3,881,140)
11,649
153,924
1,956,470
243,872
Total increase (decrease)
3,125,323
138
5,308,787
13,064
159,078
2,042,555
422,954
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
28,330,655
53,894,748
65,939
1,175,387
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$31,455,978
$138
$59,203,535
$13,064
$159,078
$2,108,494
$1,598,341
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-55
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Columbia
BlackRock
BlackRock
BNY Mellon
Variable Portfolio -
DWS
Eaton Vance VT
Fidelity®
Small Cap Index
Total Return
MidCap
Contrarian
Small Cap
Floating-Rate
VIP
V.I.
V.I.
Stock
Core
Index
Income
Bond Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Class III)
(Initial Class)
Investment income
Dividends
$1,548
$56,991
$2,995
$
$140,979
$3,710
$42,998
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
299
2,720
481
1
29,069
124
7,543
Net investment income (loss)
1,249
54,271
2,514
(1)
111,910
3,586
35,455
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
40,057
7,170
(18,376)
89
(219,879)
(489)
7,661
Realized gain distribution
6,985
1,269
61,824
602,061
Realized gain (loss)
47,042
8,439
43,448
89
382,182
(489)
7,661
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(2,384)
26,811
(35,531)
88
708,470
(807)
33,884
Net gain (loss) on investments
44,658
35,250
7,917
177
1,090,652
(1,296)
41,545
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
45,907
89,521
10,431
176
1,202,562
2,290
77,000
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-56
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Columbia
BlackRock
BlackRock
BNY Mellon
Variable Portfolio -
DWS
Eaton Vance VT
Fidelity®
Small Cap Index
Total Return
MidCap
Contrarian
Small Cap
Floating-Rate
VIP
V.I.
V.I.
Stock
Core
Index
Income
Bond Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Class III)
(Initial Class)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
27,144
189,098
34,101
6,465
315,814
4,372
691,000
Transfers due to death benefits
(85,914)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(2,297)
295
1,965
(176)
(172,196)
7
(8,382)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(62,541)
(7)
(382,956)
(9,896)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(1,644)
(17,391)
(4,186)
(3,363)
(279,119)
(922)
(97,175)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
148,941
(453,669)
(704,472)
2,338
(33,267)
64,385
(8,220)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
172,144
(344,208)
(672,599)
5,264
(637,638)
67,842
567,327
Total increase (decrease)
218,051
(254,687)
(662,168)
5,440
564,924
70,132
644,327
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
32,958
1,495,877
664,488
10,610,053
32,123
795,756
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$251,009
$1,241,190
$2,320
$5,440
$11,174,977
$102,255
$1,440,083
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-57
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Extended
Extended
VIP
VIP
VIP
Contrafund®
Contrafund®
Market Index
Market Index
Freedom 2020
Freedom 2025
Freedom 2030
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
Investment income
Dividends
$201,217
$5,692
$10,076
$5,546
$10,355
$30,143
$82,561
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
484,510
78,538
6,466
1,473
545
2,164
6,683
Net investment income (loss)
(283,293)
(72,846)
3,610
4,073
9,810
27,979
75,878
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
5,755,110
323,613
1,608
8,313
5,078
17,869
(12,470)
Realized gain distribution
22,989,935
1,799,201
4,318
14,852
77,898
Realized gain (loss)
28,745,045
2,122,814
1,608
8,313
9,396
32,721
65,428
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(985,115)
(10,908)
86,919
37,719
3,902
58,432
272,848
Net gain (loss) on investments
27,759,930
2,111,906
88,527
46,032
13,298
91,153
338,276
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
27,476,637
2,039,060
92,137
50,105
23,108
119,132
414,154
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-58
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Extended
Extended
VIP
VIP
VIP
Contrafund®
Contrafund®
Market Index
Market Index
Freedom 2020
Freedom 2025
Freedom 2030
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
4,210,729
184,579
207,657
171,235
349,686
332,283
Transfers due to death benefits
(1,208,495)
(12,680)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(5,981,356)
(582,883)
(14,366)
(3,024)
(922)
740
(1,463)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(3,805,190)
(23,902)
(8,904)
(119,223)
(16,407)
(65,521)
(129,404)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(3,534,468)
(187,730)
(72,277)
(7,321)
(5,248)
(12,877)
(37,602)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
324,596
246,434
22,127
(133,322)
141,446
594,082
1,797,805
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(9,994,184)
(376,182)
134,237
(262,890)
290,104
866,110
1,961,619
Total increase (decrease)
17,482,453
1,662,878
226,374
(212,785)
313,212
985,242
2,375,773
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
135,744,268
10,347,116
758,052
747,783
73,309
362,693
1,570,044
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$153,226,721
$12,009,994
$984,426
$534,998
$386,521
$1,347,935
$3,945,817
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-59
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
Freedom
Freedom 2035
Freedom 2040
Freedom 2045
Freedom 2050
Freedom 2055
Freedom 2060
Income
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$56,507
$19,592
$5,865
$6,302
$182
$4,092
$19,464
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
5,387
1,831
682
744
26
713
1,388
Net investment income (loss)
51,120
17,761
5,183
5,558
156
3,379
18,076
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
93,075
94,814
(106)
(2,624)
64
(8,627)
(2,584)
Realized gain distribution
125,164
31,905
14,667
13,463
510
22,412
211
Realized gain (loss)
218,239
126,719
14,561
10,839
574
13,785
(2,373)
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
115,031
12,088
31,225
38,181
1,245
41,637
44,937
Net gain (loss) on investments
333,270
138,807
45,786
49,020
1,819
55,422
42,564
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
384,390
156,568
50,969
54,578
1,975
58,801
60,640
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-60
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
Freedom
Freedom 2035
Freedom 2040
Freedom 2045
Freedom 2050
Freedom 2055
Freedom 2060
Income
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
341,748
241,658
178,743
272,799
1,901
7,651
Transfers due to death benefits
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(3,946)
250
285
409
(1)
1
(3)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(108,648)
(13,378)
(32,296)
(10,149)
(19,605)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(22,473)
(8,580)
(3,702)
(3,864)
(115)
(3,484)
(6,823)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
186,483
554,132
81,728
25,468
4,962
4,924
(120,465)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
393,164
774,082
224,758
284,663
6,747
(10,513)
(127,291)
Total increase (decrease)
777,554
930,650
275,727
339,241
8,722
48,288
(66,651)
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
2,122,744
411,809
186,685
169,544
6,555
275,975
656,060
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$2,900,298
$1,342,459
$462,412
$508,785
$15,277
$324,263
$589,409
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-61
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
International
International
VIP
VIP
Growth
Health Care
Index 500
Index
Index
Overseas
Real Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
(Initial Class)
Investment income
Dividends
$11,410
$383
$37,338
$41,472
$10,790
$4,403
$102
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
10,844
532
7,617
9,334
920
949
9
Net investment income (loss)
566
(149)
29,721
32,138
9,870
3,454
93
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
(107,672)
1,780
212,230
7,431
72,929
2,913
(3,925)
Realized gain distribution
681,881
4,105
15,900
23,965
2
Realized gain (loss)
574,209
5,885
228,130
7,431
72,929
26,878
(3,923)
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
314,373
9,681
288,707
306,268
23,051
9,425
(185)
Net gain (loss) on investments
888,582
15,566
516,837
313,699
95,980
36,303
(4,108)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
889,148
15,417
546,558
345,837
105,850
39,757
(4,015)
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-62
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
International
International
VIP
VIP
Growth
Health Care
Index 500
Index
Index
Overseas
Real Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
(Initial Class)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
535,699
41,928
36,060
365,019
26,073
58,209
5,793
Transfers due to death benefits
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(28,665)
(92)
(7)
(31,415)
(6)
(961)
4,072
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(17,470)
(361,607)
(13,525)
(88,101)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(59,809)
(15,571)
(42,181)
(117,109)
(5,345)
(15,168)
(3,365)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
3,014,618
26,962
1,037,565
559,599
69,955
85,933
2,532
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
3,461,843
35,757
669,830
762,569
2,576
128,013
9,032
Total increase (decrease)
4,350,991
51,174
1,216,388
1,108,406
108,426
167,770
5,017
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
1,565,121
55,978
2,718,603
953,613
357,165
123,232
273
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$5,916,112
$107,152
$3,934,991
$2,062,019
$465,591
$291,002
$5,290
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-63
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Franklin Mutual
Franklin
Franklin
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
Global
Small Cap
Strategic
VIP
Strategic
Total Market
Total Market
Discovery
Value
Income
Real Estate
Income
Index
Index
VIP
VIP
VIP
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
Investment income
Dividends
$5,395
$2,458
$67,342
$386
$88
$196,037
$194
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
554
408
28,044
255
9
49,558
10
Net investment income (loss)
4,841
2,050
39,298
131
79
146,479
184
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
4,689
115
135,188
37,423
230
(254,861)
11
Realized gain distribution
118
485
1,528,914
Realized gain (loss)
4,807
115
135,188
37,423
715
1,274,053
11
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(723)
2,727
821,060
(20,238)
143
(298,331)
75
Net gain (loss) on investments
4,084
2,842
956,248
17,185
858
975,722
86
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
8,925
4,892
995,546
17,316
937
1,122,201
270
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-64
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Franklin Mutual
Franklin
Franklin
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
Global
Small Cap
Strategic
VIP
Strategic
Total Market
Total Market
Discovery
Value
Income
Real Estate
Income
Index
Index
VIP
VIP
VIP
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
27,235
5,043
3,838,868
22,734
823,693
1,045
Transfers due to death benefits
(183,476)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(1,406)
(5)
(43,746)
1
(633)
(432,754)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(10,887)
(5)
(369,762)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(4,043)
(3,419)
(635,986)
(3,159)
(319)
(506,017)
(120)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
7,400
346
85,417
(235,185)
297
(1,095,370)
578
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
29,186
1,965
3,233,666
(215,609)
(660)
(1,763,686)
1,503
Total increase (decrease)
38,111
6,857
4,229,212
(198,293)
277
(641,485)
1,773
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
225,649
59,689
3,192,000
198,293
4,212
19,559,749
3,225
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$263,760
$66,546
$7,421,212
$
$4,489
$18,918,264
$4,998
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-65
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Goldman
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Sachs
International
Sachs
Sachs
Small Cap
Sachs
Sachs
Core Fixed
Equity
Large Cap
Mid Cap
Equity
Strategic
U.S. Equity
Income
Insights
Value
Value
Insights
Growth
Insights
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$28,467
$25,122
$40
$46,966
$603
$
$1,418
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
1,677
1,565
11
12,562
154
42,696
792
Net investment income (loss)
26,790
23,557
29
34,404
449
(42,696)
626
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
8,185
10,170
(14)
(8,301)
45
633,885
15,584
Realized gain distribution
123,223
502
425,816
6,866
2,152,370
26,839
Realized gain (loss)
8,185
133,393
488
417,515
6,911
2,786,255
42,423
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
18,714
3,214
(159)
79,435
4,598
(432,275)
(13,855)
Net gain (loss) on investments
26,899
136,607
329
496,950
11,509
2,353,980
28,568
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
53,689
160,164
358
531,354
11,958
2,311,284
29,194
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-66
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Goldman
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Sachs
International
Sachs
Sachs
Small Cap
Sachs
Sachs
Core Fixed
Equity
Large Cap
Mid Cap
Equity
Strategic
U.S. Equity
Income
Insights
Value
Value
Insights
Growth
Insights
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
26,985
222,157
146
4,283
3,106
218,816
Transfers due to death benefits
(21,259)
(185,482)
(24,899)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(3)
(833)
(1)
(599,621)
2
(75,555)
(412)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(63,884)
(17,987)
(239,784)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(11,373)
(8,839)
(127)
(28,730)
(1,006)
(331,154)
(4,154)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
9,090
531,973
1,632,058
(1,157,202)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(39,185)
744,458
18
968,744
2,102
(1,770,361)
(29,465)
Total increase (decrease)
14,504
904,622
376
1,500,098
14,060
540,923
(271)
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
781,697
165,079
3,393
2,577,151
74,674
14,057,433
215,431
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$796,201
$1,069,701
$3,769
$4,077,249
$88,734
$14,598,356
$215,160
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-67
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
American
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Discovery
Discovery
Diversified
Invesco V.I.
Franchise
Comstock
Core Plus Bond
Large Cap
Mid Cap Growth
Dividend
Equity & Income
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$
$2,663
$411,715
$
$
$47,308
$27,711
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
3,781
294
34,075
390,744
286,803
9,712
9,721
Net investment income (loss)
(3,781)
2,369
377,640
(390,744)
(286,803)
37,596
17,990
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
68,916
283
(2,001,252)
20,775,114
210,234
13,986
6,565
Realized gain distribution
168,942
16,793
13,589,309
6,297,871
226,194
70,392
Realized gain (loss)
237,858
17,076
(2,001,252)
34,364,423
6,508,105
240,180
76,957
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(16,524)
3,892
2,320,890
(21,656,020)
(3,154,325)
137,293
55,690
Net gain (loss) on investments
221,334
20,968
319,638
12,708,403
3,353,780
377,473
132,647
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
217,553
23,337
697,278
12,317,659
3,066,977
415,069
150,637
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-68
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
American
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Discovery
Discovery
Diversified
Invesco V.I.
Franchise
Comstock
Core Plus Bond
Large Cap
Mid Cap Growth
Dividend
Equity & Income
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
16,065
374,480
2,121,970
1,632,338
121,621
27,347
Transfers due to death benefits
(5,678,645)
(951,834)
(498,165)
(15,873)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(1)
2
(315,467)
(2,934,233)
(2,110,482)
(69,730)
(87,677)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(196,506)
(246,928)
(1,923,813)
(1,520,157)
(91,167)
1,857
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(18,612)
(1,728)
(320,407)
(2,449,945)
(1,710,993)
(83,470)
(47,218)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
583,814
159,714
(98,897,430)
(62,153,170)
68,374
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
368,695
14,339
(6,027,253)
(105,035,285)
(66,360,629)
(70,245)
(105,691)
Total increase (decrease)
586,248
37,676
(5,329,975)
(92,717,626)
(63,293,652)
344,824
44,946
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
1,456,683
130,789
15,206,000
112,614,043
77,026,477
2,726,123
1,319,503
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$2,042,931
$168,465
$9,876,025
$19,896,417
$13,732,825
$3,070,947
$1,364,449
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-69
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
EQV International
Invesco V.I.
Global Real
Global
Invesco V.I.
International
Invesco V.I.
Equity
Global
Estate
Strategic Income
Health Care
Growth
Main Street
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$397
$
$
$1,860,150
$
$91,399
$215,033
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
65
361,462
101,279
14,046
85,224
121,595
Net investment income (loss)
332
(361,462)
1,758,871
(14,046)
6,175
93,438
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
1,582
(3,041,317)
150
(117,213)
21,913
(1,021,206)
1,271,351
Realized gain distribution
1,763
20,278,045
187,638
2,451,264
2,459,424
Realized gain (loss)
3,345
17,236,728
150
(117,213)
209,551
1,430,058
3,730,775
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
1,290
(3,892,892)
2,210,975
441,238
2,469,519
1,366,014
Net gain (loss) on investments
4,635
13,343,836
150
2,093,762
650,789
3,899,577
5,096,789
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
4,967
12,982,374
150
3,852,633
636,743
3,905,752
5,190,227
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-70
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
EQV International
Invesco V.I.
Global Real
Global
Invesco V.I.
International
Invesco V.I.
Equity
Global
Estate
Strategic Income
Health Care
Growth
Main Street
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
2,395,101
47,940
1,125,702
218,671
1,060,315
918,802
Transfers due to death benefits
(647,928)
(2,441,070)
(182)
(4,315,101)
(216,648)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(202)
(4,614,866)
(653,764)
(64,507)
(966,883)
(950,686)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(5)
(2,058,925)
(652,858)
(159,286)
(460,989)
(1,070,794)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(471)
(2,439,752)
(1,022,196)
(131,936)
(666,670)
(915,412)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
42,113
(100,901,316)
(48,090)
156,775
109,482
1,557,618
(41,325,953)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
41,435
(108,267,686)
(150)
(3,487,411)
(27,758)
(3,791,710)
(43,560,691)
Total increase (decrease)
46,402
(95,285,312)
365,222
608,985
114,042
(38,370,464)
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
32,587
112,002,568
32,921,501
4,250,797
27,005,806
38,370,464
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$78,989
$16,717,256
$
$33,286,723
$4,859,782
$27,119,848
$
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-71
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Janus
Janus
Janus
Main Street
Small Cap
Invesco V.I.
U.S. Government
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Small Cap
Equity
Technology
Money
Balanced
Balanced
Enterprise
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
Investment income
Dividends
$8,176
$
$
$100,638
$29
$118,339
$5
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
13,830
4
30,464
17,637
6
20,319
2
Net investment income (loss)
(5,654)
(4)
(30,464)
83,001
23
98,020
3
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
412,698
46
(141,597)
11
218,241
(50)
Realized gain distribution
183,514
71
1,193,389
46
214,413
199
Realized gain (loss)
596,212
117
1,051,792
57
432,654
149
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(354,352)
52
919,228
113
412,357
34
Net gain (loss) on investments
241,860
169
1,971,020
170
845,011
183
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
236,206
165
1,940,556
83,001
193
943,031
186
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-72
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Janus
Janus
Janus
Main Street
Small Cap
Invesco V.I.
U.S. Government
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Small Cap
Equity
Technology
Money
Balanced
Balanced
Enterprise
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
25,278
333
335,587
30,812
147,398
Transfers due to death benefits
(2,025,844)
(8,854)
(1,081)
(66,573)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(147,958)
(1)
(205,234)
(208,529)
(94,489)
11
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(36,890)
(247,746)
(85,389)
(341,746)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(35,233)
(16)
(275,167)
(43,304)
(85)
(251,341)
(501)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
(417)
(5)
107,665
(213,231)
32,047
2,629
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(2,221,064)
311
(293,749)
(520,722)
(85)
(574,704)
2,139
Total increase (decrease)
(1,984,858)
476
1,646,807
(437,721)
108
368,327
2,325
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
3,889,688
1,181
9,817,169
3,037,093
1,377
6,864,829
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$1,904,830
$1,657
$11,463,976
$2,599,372
$1,485
$7,233,156
$2,325
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-73
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Janus Henderson
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Global
Janus
Lord Abbett
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Technology and
Henderson
Developing
Forty
Forty
Global Research
Global Research
Innovation
Overseas
Growth
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
Investment income
Dividends
$25,064
$2
$177,486
$1,661
$
$1
$150
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
102,832
3,371
98,467
1,993
1,286
189
Net investment income (loss)
(77,768)
(3,369)
79,019
(332)
(1,286)
1
(39)
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
1,020,316
(2,075)
777,993
3,122
14,754
4
472
Realized gain distribution
4,136,263
82,531
2,648,173
35,344
31,552
Realized gain (loss)
5,156,579
80,456
3,426,166
38,466
46,306
4
472
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
612,977
22,771
2,204,005
33,095
39,653
3
10,790
Net gain (loss) on investments
5,769,556
103,227
5,630,171
71,561
85,959
7
11,262
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
5,691,788
99,858
5,709,190
71,229
84,673
8
11,223
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-74
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Janus Henderson
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Global
Janus
Lord Abbett
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Technology and
Henderson
Developing
Forty
Forty
Global Research
Global Research
Innovation
Overseas
Growth
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
518,859
8,608
365,584
1,566
293,429
240
2,899
Transfers due to death benefits
(367,388)
(4,759)
(591,509)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(1,497,038)
(2,333)
(361,535)
(1)
(5,155)
(2)
1
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(598,814)
(4,249)
(464,513)
(2,667)
(23,275)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(756,285)
(26,356)
(562,276)
(7,521)
(69,565)
(130)
(1,826)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
(208,986)
34,478
(2,556)
45,905
379,653
45
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(2,909,652)
5,389
(1,616,805)
37,282
575,087
153
1,074
Total increase (decrease)
2,782,136
105,247
4,092,385
108,511
659,760
161
12,297
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
33,310,657
554,079
29,009,114
319,694
57,852
78,870
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$36,092,793
$659,326
$33,101,499
$428,205
$717,612
$161
$91,167
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-75
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP American
Lord Abbett
Century
Century
Century
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP
Mid Cap
Capital
Disciplined
Inflation
Century
Century
JPMorgan
Stock
Appreciation
Core Value
Protection
International
Value
U.S. Equity
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$199
$
$570,549
$7,915
$14,846
$310,905
$12,770
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
58
6,016
119,109
132
4,217
63,025
6,466
Net investment income (loss)
141
(6,016)
451,440
7,783
10,629
247,880
6,304
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
1,934
67,909
(175,908)
692
(119,824)
284,761
2,944
Realized gain distribution
4,730
473,224
1,480,835
79,100
Realized gain (loss)
6,664
541,133
(175,908)
692
(119,824)
1,765,596
82,044
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(575)
(353,970)
4,459,984
(5,564)
357,526
756,475
266,873
Net gain (loss) on investments
6,089
187,163
4,284,076
(4,872)
237,702
2,522,071
348,917
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
6,230
181,147
4,735,516
2,911
248,331
2,769,951
355,221
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-76
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP American
Lord Abbett
Century
Century
Century
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP
Mid Cap
Capital
Disciplined
Inflation
Century
Century
JPMorgan
Stock
Appreciation
Core Value
Protection
International
Value
U.S. Equity
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
6,381
420,565
912,858
177,691
512,577
416,674
Transfers due to death benefits
(278,193)
(110,405)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
1
(87)
(1,762,650)
1
(2,577)
(581,170)
(1)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(932,947)
(409,511)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(215)
(33,565)
(902,593)
(1,302)
(11,768)
(489,772)
(15,272)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
54,980
(125,407)
(522,169)
70,536
(851,668)
149,266
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
61,147
261,506
(3,485,694)
69,235
(688,322)
(929,015)
401,401
Total increase (decrease)
67,377
442,653
1,249,822
72,146
(439,991)
1,840,936
756,622
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
2,555,950
34,752,836
36,681
1,748,445
18,215,545
2,175,588
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$67,377
$2,998,603
$36,002,658
$108,827
$1,308,454
$20,056,481
$2,932,210
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-77
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
MFS® Blended
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
Research®
Global
Government
MFS®
International
Investors
Mid Cap
Core Equity
Real Estate
Securities
Growth
Intrinsic Value
Trust
Value
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$141
$9,747
$38
$
$39,057
$15,565
$11,016
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
28
1,364
2
18,483
5,984
2,739
2,120
Net investment income (loss)
113
8,383
36
(18,483)
33,073
12,826
8,896
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
(274)
(1,029)
4
77,616
22,507
(18,088)
(27,185)
Realized gain distribution
2,421
561,239
141,507
398,334
95,876
Realized gain (loss)
2,147
(1,029)
4
638,855
164,014
380,246
68,691
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(98)
9,716
15
(281,134)
487,656
(272,333)
(16,382)
Net gain (loss) on investments
2,049
8,687
19
357,721
651,670
107,913
52,309
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
2,162
17,070
55
339,238
684,743
120,739
61,205
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-78
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
MFS® Blended
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
Research®
Global
Government
MFS®
International
Investors
Mid Cap
Core Equity
Real Estate
Securities
Growth
Intrinsic Value
Trust
Value
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
104,549
20
48,509
387,088
15,481
325,345
Transfers due to death benefits
(20,271)
(3,020)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(124)
(198,568)
(3)
(25,157)
(862)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(1,263)
(7,150)
(39,009)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(280)
(3,158)
(15)
(57,260)
(15,664)
(14,249)
(13,816)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
1,139
62
139
15,171
(34,321)
9,644
100,921
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
859
101,453
20
(213,682)
329,950
(56,310)
411,588
Total increase (decrease)
3,021
118,523
75
125,556
1,014,693
64,429
472,793
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
12,525
457,707
764
2,972,810
1,807,106
950,214
740,782
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$15,546
$576,230
$839
$3,098,366
$2,821,799
$1,014,643
$1,213,575
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-79
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MFS®
MML
American Century
American Century
New
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
Aggressive
Mid Cap
Small
Discovery
Research
Utilities
Value
Allocation
Value
Company Value
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$
$10,048
$1,415
$96,533
$122,068
$62,124
$4,302
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
25,121
5,453
97
14,980
34,325
12,032
2,528
Net investment income (loss)
(25,121)
4,595
1,318
81,553
87,743
50,092
1,774
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
(290,186)
8,372
44
(167,744)
107,053
(5,861)
(46,711)
Realized gain distribution
246,233
647
449,076
246,685
163,347
Realized gain (loss)
(290,186)
254,605
691
281,332
353,738
157,486
(46,711)
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
1,090,269
(137,046)
4,639
320,797
635,327
4,937
33,595
Net gain (loss) on investments
800,083
117,559
5,330
602,129
989,065
162,423
(13,116)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
774,962
122,154
6,648
683,682
1,076,808
212,515
(11,342)
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-80
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MFS®
MML
American Century
American Century
New
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
Aggressive
Mid Cap
Small
Discovery
Research
Utilities
Value
Allocation
Value
Company Value
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
155,759
9,480
590,577
1,491,566
303,475
47,264
Transfers due to death benefits
(6,425)
(7,906)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(628,821)
(4,124)
1
(9,553)
(281,969)
(94,761)
(60,043)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(125,895)
(318)
(223,727)
(127,504)
(329)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(140,940)
(22,413)
(656)
(39,453)
(559,198)
(108,287)
(11,071)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
(3,482)
854
(1,648,523)
12,944
(402,498)
10,949
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(749,804)
(24,427)
(655)
(1,106,952)
439,616
(429,575)
(13,230)
Total increase (decrease)
25,158
97,727
5,993
(423,270)
1,516,424
(217,060)
(24,572)
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
6,411,584
1,015,590
45,280
6,435,634
7,677,322
2,678,085
322,220
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$6,436,742
$1,113,317
$51,273
$6,012,364
$9,193,746
$2,461,025
$297,648
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-81
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
MML
American Funds
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Core
American Funds
Balanced
BlackRock
BlackRock
MML
Blue Chip
Allocation
Growth
Allocation
iShares® 60/40
iShares® 80/20
Blend
Growth
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$14,726
$
$92,665
$1,976
$9,565
$719,092
$
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
7,050
53,603
16,195
655
1,348
140,713
97,496
Net investment income (loss)
7,676
(53,603)
76,470
1,321
8,217
578,379
(97,496)
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
46,520
61,321
(51,752)
7,542
3,927
196,064
1,189,351
Realized gain distribution
41,086
485,107
3,049
1,241
5,536
1,212,159
4,110,889
Realized gain (loss)
87,606
546,428
(48,703)
8,783
9,463
1,408,223
5,300,240
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(23,704)
624,093
275,231
3,550
81,846
2,143,441
(1,445,588)
Net gain (loss) on investments
63,902
1,170,521
226,528
12,333
91,309
3,551,664
3,854,652
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
71,578
1,116,918
302,998
13,654
99,526
4,130,043
3,757,156
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-82
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
MML
American Funds
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Core
American Funds
Balanced
BlackRock
BlackRock
MML
Blue Chip
Allocation
Growth
Allocation
iShares® 60/40
iShares® 80/20
Blend
Growth
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
472,982
1,510,744
438,467
59,189
179,530
1,191,800
1,531,715
Transfers due to death benefits
(560,530)
(43,837)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
9,813
(209,238)
(67,954)
(84)
(2,468)
(960,032)
(1,344,149)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(1,119)
(203,921)
(161,641)
(36,982)
(373,232)
(717,386)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(74,209)
(504,094)
(146,843)
(29,688)
(54,608)
(1,333,084)
(698,778)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
(1,327,572)
(603,958)
142,934
6,920
310,446
386,681
(2,094,201)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(920,105)
(10,467)
204,963
(645)
432,900
(1,648,397)
(3,366,636)
Total increase (decrease)
(848,527)
1,106,451
507,961
13,009
532,426
2,481,646
390,520
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
1,716,359
7,029,347
2,781,401
80,705
101,015
33,943,350
23,568,027
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$867,832
$8,135,798
$3,289,362
$93,714
$633,441
$36,424,996
$23,958,547
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-83
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Conservative
Dynamic
MML
Equity
Equity
Equity
Equity
Allocation
Bond
Equity
Income
Index
Index
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Class II)
(Class III)
(Service Class I)
Investment income
Dividends
$69,741
$12,830
$2,452,936
$46,236
$1,552,104
$180,070
$50,948
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
11,877
325
529,346
17,149
503,289
72,822
13,554
Net investment income (loss)
57,864
12,505
1,923,590
29,087
1,048,815
107,248
37,394
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
(65,332)
(19,664)
920,024
12,829
5,029,886
227,588
590,521
Realized gain distribution
14,661,710
320,768
21,236,940
2,197,753
1,145,175
Realized gain (loss)
(65,332)
(19,664)
15,581,734
333,597
26,266,826
2,425,341
1,735,696
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
200,453
10,645
1,721,840
121,317
(6,407,136)
(484,838)
(760,028)
Net gain (loss) on investments
135,121
(9,019)
17,303,574
454,914
19,859,690
1,940,503
975,668
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
192,985
3,486
19,227,164
484,001
20,908,505
2,047,751
1,013,062
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-84
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Conservative
Dynamic
MML
Equity
Equity
Equity
Equity
Allocation
Bond
Equity
Income
Index
Index
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Class II)
(Class III)
(Service Class I)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
120,543
11,694
3,484,336
279,235
2,152,500
2,594,109
216,463
Transfers due to death benefits
(1,646,129)
(2,887)
(11,297,217)
(43,969)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(374,736)
(12)
(2,597,692)
(59,664)
(1,696,084)
(36,765)
(7,815)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(4,659)
(20)
(1,899,362)
(65,533)
(2,177,745)
(270,156)
(11,360)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(67,741)
(1,724)
(3,811,869)
(132,748)
(2,799,958)
(988,240)
(76,087)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
91,651
(212,227)
1,576,074
557,402
1,621,188
2,910,026
(440,842)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(234,942)
(202,289)
(4,894,642)
575,805
(14,197,316)
4,208,974
(363,610)
Total increase (decrease)
(41,957)
(198,803)
14,332,522
1,059,806
6,711,189
6,256,725
649,452
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
2,122,420
198,803
114,938,414
2,732,330
133,155,332
9,424,411
6,835,746
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$2,080,463
$
$129,270,936
$3,792,136
$139,866,521
$15,681,136
$7,485,198
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-85
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
MML
MML
Fidelity
MML
MML
MML
Equity
Institutional AM®
Focused
MML
Fundamental
Fundamental
MML
Rotation
Core Plus Bond
Equity
Foreign
Equity
Value
Global
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Class II)
Investment income
Dividends
$106
$23,790
$5,363
$33,589
$8,022
$24,168
$15,278
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
117
4,185
2,097
5,061
23,510
1,291
57,308
Net investment income (loss)
(11)
19,605
3,266
28,528
(15,488)
22,877
(42,030)
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
(1,869)
13,314
15
25,640
74,293
(690,594)
94,283
Realized gain distribution
930
76,106
56,982
153,504
585,205
128,498
Realized gain (loss)
(939)
13,314
76,121
82,622
227,797
(105,389)
222,781
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(140)
35,112
(34,917)
244,722
670,779
29,635
3,494,450
Net gain (loss) on investments
(1,079)
48,426
41,204
327,344
898,576
(75,754)
3,717,231
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
(1,090)
68,031
44,470
355,872
883,088
(52,877)
3,675,201
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-86
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
MML
MML
Fidelity
MML
MML
MML
Equity
Institutional AM®
Focused
MML
Fundamental
Fundamental
MML
Rotation
Core Plus Bond
Equity
Foreign
Equity
Value
Global
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Class II)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
442
216,401
54,300
142,611
225,353
18,984
714,863
Transfers due to death benefits
(38,783)
(14,646)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(1)
(2,909)
(3,975)
(41,546)
(132,585)
(251)
(619,589)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(158,457)
(16)
(13,473)
(36,607)
(468,850)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(647)
(40,476)
(24,575)
(31,170)
(155,828)
(8,256)
(401,783)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
(45,228)
(707,249)
16,340
432,559
40,864,192
(861,862)
99,734,299
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(45,434)
(692,690)
42,074
488,981
40,725,742
(851,385)
98,944,294
Total increase (decrease)
(46,524)
(624,659)
86,544
844,853
41,608,830
(904,262)
102,619,495
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
46,524
1,558,355
564,851
956,464
1,877,598
904,262
829,657
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$
$933,696
$651,395
$1,801,317
$43,486,428
$
$103,449,152
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-87
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML Inflation-
Invesco
Invesco
MML
Growth
High
Income
Protected
Discovery
Discovery
Global
Allocation
Yield
& Growth
and Income
Large Cap
Mid Cap
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Service Class I)
Investment income
Dividends
$
$168,403
$30,685
$24,035
$270,959
$
$
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
266
28,841
942
6,107
17,898
44,687
32,245
Net investment income (loss)
(266)
139,562
29,743
17,928
253,061
(44,687)
(32,245)
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
55,304
74,057
(22,485)
(45,582)
(125,701)
13,615
10,687
Realized gain distribution
341,066
263,125
Realized gain (loss)
55,304
415,123
(22,485)
217,543
(125,701)
13,615
10,687
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(24,229)
427,190
(9,800)
(71,495)
185,095
1,064,243
364,120
Net gain (loss) on investments
31,075
842,313
(32,285)
146,048
59,394
1,077,858
374,807
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
30,809
981,875
(2,542)
163,976
312,455
1,033,171
342,562
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-88
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML Inflation-
Invesco
Invesco
MML
Growth
High
Income
Protected
Discovery
Discovery
Global
Allocation
Yield
& Growth
and Income
Large Cap
Mid Cap
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Service Class I)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
68,202
780,445
22,152
668,066
296,498
255,675
202,957
Transfers due to death benefits
(226,779)
(48,988)
(20,559)
(29,731)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
1
(79,734)
(562)
(45,023)
(112,269)
(423,045)
(275,127)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(221,541)
(19,272)
(4,351)
(355,209)
(213,185)
(239,560)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(2,300)
(275,201)
(7,773)
(65,343)
(204,113)
(280,351)
(178,086)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
(420,219)
102,571
(362,059)
(421,956)
408,114
97,774,783
61,846,261
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(354,316)
79,761
(367,514)
131,393
(15,967)
97,093,318
61,326,714
Total increase (decrease)
(323,507)
1,061,636
(370,056)
295,369
296,488
98,126,489
61,669,276
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
323,507
7,833,613
370,056
1,162,384
5,533,930
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$
$8,895,249
$
$1,457,753
$5,830,418
$98,126,489
$61,669,276
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-89
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
Invesco
Loomis Sayles
MML
MML
MFS
MML
MML
Small Cap
Large Cap
Managed
Managed
International
Mid Cap
Moderate
Equity
Growth
Bond
Volatility
Equity
Growth
Allocation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$196,517
$
$968,200
$20,338
$12,794
$
$57,722
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
112,813
11,543
87,751
31,737
3,715
45,145
9,835
Net investment income (loss)
83,704
(11,543)
880,449
(11,399)
9,079
(45,145)
47,887
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
335,796
234,148
(243,473)
3,612
36,601
8,651
(75,249)
Realized gain distribution
5,144,968
324,052
2,940,693
13,031
700,796
Realized gain (loss)
5,480,764
558,200
(243,473)
2,944,305
49,632
709,447
(75,249)
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(2,834,097)
(217,535)
1,132,622
(1,871,285)
92,664
640,127
257,076
Net gain (loss) on investments
2,646,667
340,665
889,149
1,073,020
142,296
1,349,574
181,827
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
2,730,371
329,122
1,769,598
1,061,621
151,375
1,304,429
229,714
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-90
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
Invesco
Loomis Sayles
MML
MML
MFS
MML
MML
Small Cap
Large Cap
Managed
Managed
International
Mid Cap
Moderate
Equity
Growth
Bond
Volatility
Equity
Growth
Allocation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
1,471,313
460,509
1,251,581
434,983
86,545
724,814
248,812
Transfers due to death benefits
(87,661)
(172,289)
(115,631)
(47,438)
(29,271)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(1,043,870)
(38,723)
(541,819)
(338,060)
(24,459)
(221,944)
(946,619)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(841,906)
(6,721)
(430,291)
(275,360)
(834)
(489,167)
(320)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(916,427)
(132,794)
(885,021)
(366,362)
(30,540)
(324,672)
(92,305)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
1,130,961
(702,331)
4,508,172
193,283
345,728
53,067,981
(8,183)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(287,590)
(420,060)
3,730,333
(467,147)
376,440
52,709,574
(827,886)
Total increase (decrease)
2,442,781
(90,938)
5,499,931
594,474
527,815
54,014,003
(598,172)
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
32,701,218
2,043,788
21,295,781
10,842,473
414,973
4,468,082
2,493,630
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$35,143,999
$1,952,850
$26,795,712
$11,436,947
$942,788
$58,482,085
$1,895,458
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-91
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML Strategic
MML
MML
Nomura
Short-Duration
Small Cap
Small/Mid Cap
Emerging
Sustainable
U.S. Government
VIP Asset
Bond
Growth Equity
Value
Markets
Equity
Money Market
Strategy
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Standard Class)
Investment income
Dividends
$24,897
$63,169
$25,639
$417
$21,182
$914,912
$736
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
1,472
59,337
9,523
629
11,682
69,000
333
Net investment income (loss)
23,425
3,832
16,116
(212)
9,500
845,912
403
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
8,772
(463,461)
(75,753)
(30,136)
(55,391)
1,098
Realized gain distribution
320,687
242,092
3,072
Realized gain (loss)
8,772
(463,461)
244,934
(30,136)
186,701
4,170
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(2,925)
1,759,668
(65,165)
31,311
54,118
1,788
Net gain (loss) on investments
5,847
1,296,207
179,769
1,175
240,819
5,958
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
29,272
1,300,039
195,885
963
250,319
845,912
6,361
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-92
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
MML
MML
MML
MML Strategic
MML
MML
Nomura
Short-Duration
Small Cap
Small/Mid Cap
Emerging
Sustainable
U.S. Government
VIP Asset
Bond
Growth Equity
Value
Markets
Equity
Money Market
Strategy
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Standard Class)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
17,172
943,786
167,975
13,994
248,160
9,143,640
11,745
Transfers due to death benefits
(162,508)
(83,391)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(567)
(372,396)
(88,096)
(3,359)
(38,214)
(3,622,904)
(3,219)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(10)
(357,282)
(14,431)
(12)
(97,965)
(1,119,254)
(2,685)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(14,864)
(480,400)
(68,033)
(5,284)
(98,938)
(1,268,933)
(6,283)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
116,834
(77,690)
1,278,694
(268,829)
21,933
(3,322,221)
2,562
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
118,565
(506,490)
1,276,109
(263,490)
34,976
(273,063)
2,120
Total increase (decrease)
147,837
793,549
1,471,994
(262,527)
285,295
572,849
8,481
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
450,690
19,520,286
1,598,683
262,527
2,268,937
24,494,792
39,359
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$598,527
$20,313,835
$3,070,677
$
$2,554,232
$25,067,641
$47,840
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-93
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
PIMCO
Nomura
Nomura
Nomura
Nomura
Commodity-
PIMCO
VIP Asset
VIP Emerging
VIP Science
VIP Small Cap
RealReturn®
Global Bond
PIMCO
Strategy
Markets
and Technology
Value
Strategy
Opportunities
High Yield
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Service Class)
Investment income
Dividends
$1,824
$12,853
$
$10,351
$15,619
$11,004
$11,668
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
768
3,317
38
1,987
1,999
485
375
Net investment income (loss)
1,056
9,536
(38)
8,364
13,620
10,519
11,293
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
214
62,494
4,989
(37,757)
(9,452)
(2,611)
(192)
Realized gain distribution
9,552
2,186
2,867
68,393
Realized gain (loss)
9,766
64,680
7,856
30,636
(9,452)
(2,611)
(192)
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
9,872
829,831
(2,585)
6,153
89,670
20,419
4,524
Net gain (loss) on investments
19,638
894,511
5,271
36,789
80,218
17,808
4,332
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
20,694
904,047
5,233
45,153
93,838
28,327
15,625
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-94
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
PIMCO
Nomura
Nomura
Nomura
Nomura
Commodity-
PIMCO
VIP Asset
VIP Emerging
VIP Science
VIP Small Cap
RealReturn®
Global Bond
PIMCO
Strategy
Markets
and Technology
Value
Strategy
Opportunities
High Yield
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Service Class)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
1,600
170,993
132,643
66,828
12,271
1,080
Transfers due to death benefits
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
1
(3)
(1,991)
(248)
(25,034)
58
57
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(56)
(115,068)
(48,857)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(868)
(11,485)
(2,813)
(8,626)
(16,139)
(4,045)
(1,958)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
411,090
(464,071)
39,165
6,057
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
733
570,595
(4,860)
(455,370)
15,963
14,341
(821)
Total increase (decrease)
21,427
1,474,642
373
(410,217)
109,801
42,668
14,804
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
128,869
794,471
18,450
1,097,928
507,807
217,541
179,260
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$150,296
$2,269,113
$18,823
$687,711
$617,608
$260,209
$194,064
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-95
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
PIMCO
PIMCO
PIMCO
All-Cap
Blue Chip
T. Rowe Price
Limited-Term
Income
Real Return
Total Return
Opportunities
Growth
Equity Income
Bond
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$4,456
$765
$9,723
$
$
$413,198
$2,559
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
661
47
481
42,957
89,617
68,194
126
Net investment income (loss)
3,795
718
9,242
(42,957)
(89,617)
345,004
2,433
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
270
620
2,739
334,891
650,155
154,477
(264)
Realized gain distribution
685,672
2,951,942
2,512,408
Realized gain (loss)
270
620
2,739
1,020,563
3,602,097
2,666,885
(264)
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
4,734
350
7,896
(45,623)
2,042,987
312,819
1,024
Net gain (loss) on investments
5,004
970
10,635
974,940
5,645,084
2,979,704
760
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
8,799
1,688
19,877
931,983
5,555,467
3,324,708
3,193
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-96
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
PIMCO
PIMCO
PIMCO
All-Cap
Blue Chip
T. Rowe Price
Limited-Term
Income
Real Return
Total Return
Opportunities
Growth
Equity Income
Bond
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
21,247
12,285
380
79,268
424,766
790,032
Transfers due to death benefits
(87,279)
(188,704)
(230,386)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(395)
(3,377)
56
(688,219)
(300,400)
(611,649)
(6,492)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
4,010
(245,609)
(625,108)
(179)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(8,769)
(409)
(4,793)
(78,671)
(601,294)
(729,674)
(9,436)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
80,522
(9,918)
88,406
30,475
367,871
273,149
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
92,605
(1,419)
84,049
(740,416)
(543,370)
(1,133,636)
(16,107)
Total increase (decrease)
101,404
269
103,926
191,567
5,012,097
2,191,072
(12,914)
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
24,494
21,254
186,628
6,033,137
30,359,367
24,251,056
66,958
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$125,898
$21,523
$290,554
$6,224,704
$35,371,464
$26,442,128
$54,044
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-97
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Vest
T. Rowe Price
Templeton
Templeton
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
US Large Cap
Mid-Cap
Foreign
Global
Global Bond
Mid Cap
Real Estate
10% Buffer
Growth
VIP
Bond VIP
Index
Index
Index
Strategies VI
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$
$314,990
$
$15,543
$24,402
$17,149
$
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
209,498
36,629
151
4,566
16,488
5,351
Net investment income (loss)
(209,498)
278,361
(151)
10,977
7,914
11,798
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
1,210,910
239,478
(77)
(378)
23,938
(15,028)
131
Realized gain distribution
902,176
879,522
947
97,214
10,980
Realized gain (loss)
2,113,086
1,119,000
(77)
569
121,152
(4,048)
131
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(985,043)
1,923,332
11,114
16,778
94,524
5,850
Net gain (loss) on investments
1,128,043
3,042,332
11,037
17,347
215,676
1,802
131
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
918,545
3,320,693
10,886
28,324
223,590
13,600
131
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-98
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Vest
T. Rowe Price
Templeton
Templeton
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
US Large Cap
Mid-Cap
Foreign
Global
Global Bond
Mid Cap
Real Estate
10% Buffer
Growth
VIP
Bond VIP
Index
Index
Index
Strategies VI
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
1,050,207
565,720
138,018
549,682
179,723
1,056
Transfers due to death benefits
(2,455,498)
(138,420)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(1,805,727)
(206,417)
(21)
(5,449)
(44,304)
(10,275)
(2)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(1,099,056)
(418,309)
(1)
(16,400)
(31,508)
(4,236)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(1,339,183)
(438,929)
(1,057)
(44,333)
(163,985)
(63,790)
(301)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
(52,648,475)
(760,120)
(77)
110,538
124,257
61,544
(1,319)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(58,297,732)
(1,396,475)
(1,156)
182,374
434,142
162,966
(566)
Total increase (decrease)
(57,379,187)
1,924,218
9,730
210,698
657,732
176,566
(435)
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
64,458,518
12,040,733
69,117
491,460
1,887,828
611,116
435
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$7,079,331
$13,964,951
$78,847
$702,158
$2,545,560
$787,682
$
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-99
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Voya
Voya
Voya
VY® CBRE
International
Russell™
Russell™
Global
Index
Mid Cap Index
Small Cap Index
Real Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$44,279
$18,867
$11,074
$15,993
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
4,007
4,835
1,769
1,956
Net investment income (loss)
40,272
14,032
9,305
14,037
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
62,772
(60,860)
(4,865)
(23,329)
Realized gain distribution
230,625
94,567
Realized gain (loss)
62,772
169,765
89,702
(23,329)
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
417,449
(169,227)
(8,905)
44,762
Net gain (loss) on investments
480,221
538
80,797
21,433
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
520,493
14,570
90,102
35,470
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-100
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2025
Voya
Voya
Voya
VY® CBRE
International
Russell™
Russell™
Global
Index
Mid Cap Index
Small Cap Index
Real Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
236,515
476,196
6,362
59,805
Transfers due to death benefits
(16,033)
(15,599)
(6,984)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
4
(8)
(53,820)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(1,128)
(825)
1,229
(64,119)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(14,889)
(25,874)
(15,747)
(14,348)
Transfers between Divisions
and (to) from General Account
(223,947)
(1,734,889)
(164,008)
13,368
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(19,478)
(1,300,999)
(179,148)
(59,114)
Total increase (decrease)
501,015
(1,286,429)
(89,046)
(23,644)
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
1,738,411
3,340,766
916,023
596,379
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$2,239,426
$2,054,337
$826,977
$572,735
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-101
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
American Funds
Insurance Series®
American Funds
BlackRock
BlackRock
BlackRock
BlackRock
BNY Mellon
Asset
Insurance Series®
High Yield
Small Cap Index
Small Cap Index
Total Return
MidCap
Allocation
Growth-Income
V.I.
V.I.
V.I.
V.I.
Stock
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Class I)
(Class III)
Investment income
Dividends
$595,915
$567,156
$4,261
$20,554
$491
$38,643
$2,221
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
78,269
147,426
124
8,320
69
2,073
1,271
Net investment income (loss)
517,646
419,730
4,137
12,234
422
36,570
950
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
186,329
1,096,212
2,629
(9,640)
1,978
1,639
(1,720)
Realized gain distribution
1,175,541
2,287,729
60,371
1,617
5,263
Realized gain (loss)
1,361,870
3,383,941
2,629
50,731
3,595
1,639
3,543
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
2,155,776
6,941,700
(2,079)
41,912
(1,069)
(14,407)
55,780
Net gain (loss) on investments
3,517,646
10,325,641
550
92,643
2,526
(12,768)
59,323
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
4,035,292
10,745,371
4,687
104,877
2,948
23,802
60,273
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-102
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
American Funds
Insurance Series®
American Funds
BlackRock
BlackRock
BlackRock
BlackRock
BNY Mellon
Asset
Insurance Series®
High Yield
Small Cap Index
Small Cap Index
Total Return
MidCap
Allocation
Growth-Income
V.I.
V.I.
V.I.
V.I.
Stock
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Class I)
(Class III)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
785,889
1,352,026
20,350
317,941
4,725
87,862
11,274
Transfers due to death benefits
(238,669)
(227,420)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(515,430)
(1,905,817)
13
(28,479)
2
27
(2)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(630,547)
(1,150,303)
(17,523)
(6)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(784,140)
(1,384,791)
(1,140)
(114,667)
(854)
(15,028)
(9,002)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
661,670
2,848
(22,476)
863
3,426
1,189,769
254,515
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(721,227)
(3,313,457)
(3,253)
158,135
7,299
1,262,630
256,779
Total increase (decrease)
3,314,065
7,431,914
1,434
263,012
10,247
1,286,432
317,052
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
25,016,590
46,462,834
64,505
912,375
22,711
209,445
347,436
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$28,330,655
$53,894,748
$65,939
$1,175,387
$32,958
$1,495,877
$664,488
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-103
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
DWS
Eaton Vance VT
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Small Cap
Floating-Rate
VIP
VIP
VIP
Extended
Extended
Index
Income
Bond Index
Contrafund®
Contrafund®
Market Index
Market Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Initial Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
Investment income
Dividends
$117,330
$2,254
$22,461
$238,431
$8,759
$9,623
$8,229
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
28,456
61
6,035
433,691
69,781
5,364
1,259
Net investment income (loss)
88,874
2,193
16,426
(195,260)
(61,022)
4,259
6,970
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
(197,663)
203
(3,860)
3,437,856
315,399
(457)
45,933
Realized gain distribution
274,994
15,230,201
1,166,334
Realized gain (loss)
77,331
203
(3,860)
18,668,057
1,481,733
(457)
45,933
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
868,893
(336)
(8,361)
16,357,512
1,176,820
68,998
(5,250)
Net gain (loss) on investments
946,224
(133)
(12,221)
35,025,569
2,658,553
68,541
40,683
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
1,035,098
2,060
4,205
34,830,309
2,597,531
72,800
47,653
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-104
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
DWS
Eaton Vance VT
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Small Cap
Floating-Rate
VIP
VIP
VIP
Extended
Extended
Index
Income
Bond Index
Contrafund®
Contrafund®
Market Index
Market Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Initial Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
326,616
17,982
196,723
4,266,922
167,838
182,645
Transfers due to death benefits
(23,547)
(300,469)
(9,716)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(338,327)
8
(5,811)
(3,321,850)
(366,703)
(6,709)
(39)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(211,425)
(7,528)
(3,186,907)
(45,864)
(9,288)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(283,015)
(496)
(71,328)
(3,438,382)
(197,114)
(75,299)
(4,979)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
182,365
(11,329)
(22,273)
983,486
80,760
11,476
513,418
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(347,333)
6,165
89,783
(4,997,200)
(370,799)
102,825
508,400
Total increase (decrease)
687,765
8,225
93,988
29,833,109
2,226,732
175,625
556,053
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
9,922,288
23,898
701,768
105,911,159
8,120,384
582,427
191,730
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$10,610,053
$32,123
$795,756
$135,744,268
$10,347,116
$758,052
$747,783
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-105
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
Freedom 2020
Freedom 2025
Freedom 2030
Freedom 2035
Freedom 2040
Freedom 2045
Freedom 2050
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$3,423
$13,002
$33,615
$37,494
$5,353
$2,074
$2,210
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
302
1,919
3,305
4,539
844
251
868
Net investment income (loss)
3,121
11,083
30,310
32,955
4,509
1,823
1,342
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
7,122
125,419
236,071
174,916
24,255
12,054
84,911
Realized gain distribution
3,440
691
3,375
28,735
5,649
2,005
6,450
Realized gain (loss)
10,562
126,110
239,446
203,651
29,904
14,059
91,361
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(5,070)
(70,772)
(134,789)
(31,377)
5,779
(6,278)
(43,786)
Net gain (loss) on investments
5,492
55,338
104,657
172,274
35,683
7,781
47,575
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
8,613
66,421
134,967
205,229
40,192
9,604
48,917
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-106
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
Freedom 2020
Freedom 2025
Freedom 2030
Freedom 2035
Freedom 2040
Freedom 2045
Freedom 2050
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
644
102,965
90,845
292,969
34,674
10,587
70,926
Transfers due to death benefits
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
13
(17)
56
54
1
(66,931)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(25)
(11)
(1)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(2,296)
(10,946)
(16,781)
(18,299)
(3,445)
(1,145)
(5,014)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
(53,313)
(1,032,571)
(104,175)
(114,622)
42,284
150,616
(230,220)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(54,977)
(940,580)
(30,056)
160,102
73,513
160,059
(231,239)
Total increase (decrease)
(46,364)
(874,159)
104,911
365,331
113,705
169,663
(182,322)
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
119,673
1,236,852
1,465,133
1,757,413
298,104
17,022
351,866
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$73,309
$362,693
$1,570,044
$2,122,744
$411,809
$186,685
$169,544
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-107
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
Freedom
VIP
VIP
VIP
International
Freedom 2055
Freedom 2060
Income
Growth
Health Care
Index 500
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Initial Class)
Investment income
Dividends
$76
$3,095
$19,429
$
$
$27,547
$27,563
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
7
94
138
5,551
333
4,050
7,140
Net investment income (loss)
69
3,001
19,291
(5,551)
(333)
23,497
20,423
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
(74)
3,096
(527)
555,747
612
233,456
(457)
Realized gain distribution
41
1,228
405
331,347
1,561
Realized gain (loss)
(33)
4,324
(122)
887,094
612
235,017
(457)
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(338)
(14,002)
(29,789)
(357,307)
219
54,076
11,518
Net gain (loss) on investments
(371)
(9,678)
(29,911)
529,787
831
289,093
11,061
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
(302)
(6,677)
(10,620)
524,236
498
312,590
31,484
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-108
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
Freedom
VIP
VIP
VIP
International
Freedom 2055
Freedom 2060
Income
Growth
Health Care
Index 500
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Initial Class)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
2,048
10,264
125,177
51,927
397,906
280,983
Transfers due to death benefits
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(2)
1
(44)
(320)
(2,035)
(9,700)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(20,349)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(47)
(546)
(608)
(31,133)
(11,020)
(18,449)
(100,825)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
3,880
256,854
667,288
(712,399)
1,701
716,875
3,955
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
5,879
266,573
666,680
(618,399)
42,288
1,094,297
154,064
Total increase (decrease)
5,577
259,896
656,060
(94,163)
42,786
1,406,887
185,548
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
978
16,079
1,659,284
13,192
1,311,716
768,065
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$6,555
$275,975
$656,060
$1,565,121
$55,978
$2,718,603
$953,613
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-109
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
International
VIP
VIP
VIP
Strategic
Total Market
Total Market
Index
Overseas
Real Estate
Real Estate
Income
Index
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Service Class 2)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
Investment income
Dividends
$9,474
$1,828
$9
$8,558
$2,169
$34,355
$1,485
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
817
71
1
348
345
17,290
272
Net investment income (loss)
8,657
1,757
8
8,210
1,824
17,065
1,213
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
25,128
(42)
40
5,612
315
52,992
(1,919)
Realized gain distribution
5,685
Realized gain (loss)
25,128
5,643
40
5,612
315
52,992
(1,919)
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(22,891)
(11,270)
(18)
(9,580)
579
356,087
20,238
Net gain (loss) on investments
2,237
(5,627)
22
(3,968)
894
409,079
18,319
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
10,894
(3,870)
30
4,242
2,718
426,144
19,532
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-110
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
International
VIP
VIP
VIP
Strategic
Total Market
Total Market
Index
Overseas
Real Estate
Real Estate
Income
Index
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Service Class 2)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
9,070
6,154
577
18,671
46,255
1,398,846
7,516
Transfers due to death benefits
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
87
(55)
(197)
(4)
(85)
(16,885)
(821)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(11,431)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(4,186)
(2,975)
(185)
(2,812)
(2,216)
(258,487)
(3,165)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
42,025
122,985
30
72,879
12,767
262,232
175,231
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
46,996
126,109
225
88,734
56,721
1,374,275
178,761
Total increase (decrease)
57,890
122,239
255
92,976
59,439
1,800,419
198,293
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
299,275
993
18
132,673
250
1,391,581
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$357,165
$123,232
$273
$225,649
$59,689
$3,192,000
$198,293
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-111
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Franklin Mutual
Franklin
Franklin
Goldman
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Global
Small Cap
Strategic
Sachs
International
Sachs
Sachs
Discovery
Value
Income
Core Fixed
Equity
Large Cap
Mid Cap
VIP
VIP
VIP
Income
Insights
Value
Value
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$70
$175,069
$114
$32,874
$5,189
$47
$25,748
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
9
51,283
6
1,911
866
11
9,177
Net investment income (loss)
61
123,786
108
30,963
4,323
36
16,571
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
30
(41,740)
3
(11,480)
17,213
(4)
13,245
Realized gain distribution
294
432,711
6,037
407
147,212
Realized gain (loss)
324
390,971
3
(11,480)
23,250
403
160,457
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(263)
1,513,523
(15)
(20,789)
(13,872)
46
94,707
Net gain (loss) on investments
61
1,904,494
(12)
(32,269)
9,378
449
255,164
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
122
2,028,280
96
(1,306)
13,701
485
271,735
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-112
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Franklin Mutual
Franklin
Franklin
Goldman
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Global
Small Cap
Strategic
Sachs
International
Sachs
Sachs
Discovery
Value
Income
Core Fixed
Equity
Large Cap
Mid Cap
VIP
VIP
VIP
Income
Insights
Value
Value
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
865,401
695
27,279
26,167
133
8,603
Transfers due to death benefits
(32,995)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(1)
(377,881)
1
2
(1)
(3)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(4)
(346,147)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(235)
(539,212)
(90)
(12,253)
(4,713)
(125)
(20,893)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
1,317
10,940
812
(129,826)
(132,530)
232,699
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
1,077
(419,894)
1,417
(114,799)
(111,074)
7
220,406
Total increase (decrease)
1,199
1,608,386
1,513
(116,105)
(97,373)
492
492,141
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
3,013
17,951,363
1,712
897,802
262,452
2,901
2,085,010
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$4,212
$19,559,749
$3,225
$781,697
$165,079
$3,393
$2,577,151
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-113
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Invesco
Small Cap
Sachs
Sachs
Oppenheimer V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Equity
Strategic
U.S. Equity
International
American
Capital
Invesco V.I.
Insights
Growth
Insights
Growth
Franchise
Appreciation
Comstock
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$697
$
$1,316
$185,942
$
$
$2,240
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
146
38,796
794
98,196
1,522
410,173
260
Net investment income (loss)
551
(38,796)
522
87,746
(1,522)
(410,173)
1,980
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
40
277,750
3,289
(188,759)
147,782
567,898
213
Realized gain distribution
5,762
1,033,539
28,424
1,906,919
9,057
Realized gain (loss)
5,802
1,311,289
31,713
1,718,160
147,782
567,898
9,270
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
4,537
2,279,243
15,316
(2,406,658)
19,488
29,286,706
4,571
Net gain (loss) on investments
10,339
3,590,532
47,029
(688,498)
167,270
29,854,604
13,841
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
10,890
3,551,736
47,551
(600,752)
165,748
29,444,431
15,821
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-114
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Invesco
Small Cap
Sachs
Sachs
Oppenheimer V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Equity
Strategic
U.S. Equity
International
American
Capital
Invesco V.I.
Insights
Growth
Insights
Growth
Franchise
Appreciation
Comstock
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
9,287
211,096
1,636,319
231,724
2,405,985
11,309
Transfers due to death benefits
(36,038)
(63,044)
(762,266)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(498,958)
(2)
(620,264)
(207)
(3,673,737)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(228,287)
(519,781)
(2,453,879)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(822)
(324,266)
(4,922)
(859,841)
(6,136)
(2,702,443)
(1,450)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
(519,880)
807,782
627,426
(75,017)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
8,465
(1,396,333)
(4,924)
381,171
852,807
(7,261,357)
9,859
Total increase (decrease)
19,355
2,155,403
42,627
(219,581)
1,018,555
22,183,074
25,680
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
55,319
11,902,030
172,804
27,225,387
438,128
90,430,969
105,109
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$74,674
$14,057,433
$215,431
$27,005,806
$1,456,683
$112,614,043
$130,789
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-115
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Discovery
Diversified
Invesco V.I.
EQV International
Invesco V.I.
Global Real
Core Plus Bond
Mid Cap Growth
Dividend
Equity & Income
Equity
Global
Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$558,235
$
$50,270
$56,319
$575
$
$1,989
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
52,428
314,829
9,057
9,992
68
406,111
135
Net investment income (loss)
505,807
(314,829)
41,213
46,327
507
(406,111)
1,854
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
(109,322)
(653,506)
(2,700)
(21,165)
2,009
466,918
4,826
Realized gain distribution
106,996
50,005
171
6,439,036
Realized gain (loss)
(109,322)
(653,506)
104,296
28,840
2,180
6,905,954
4,826
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(23,455)
16,012,043
165,024
44,084
(2,894)
9,250,763
(4,449)
Net gain (loss) on investments
(132,777)
15,358,537
269,320
72,924
(714)
16,156,717
377
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
373,030
15,043,708
310,533
119,251
(207)
15,750,606
2,231
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-116
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Discovery
Diversified
Invesco V.I.
EQV International
Invesco V.I.
Global Real
Core Plus Bond
Mid Cap Growth
Dividend
Equity & Income
Equity
Global
Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
1,158,619
2,179,783
225,339
27,632
3,166,724
16,254
Transfers due to death benefits
(95,833)
(593,739)
(3,675)
(4,026)
(738,637)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(117,890)
(2,456,085)
(28,921)
(202,885)
4
(3,090,782)
(6)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(292,419)
(1,364,455)
(38,498)
208
(5)
(2,404,042)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(546,615)
(1,926,901)
(88,539)
(38,515)
(405)
(2,844,809)
(713)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
307,443
1,204,108
(60,931)
(1)
10,154
1,877
(77,669)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
413,305
(2,957,289)
4,775
(217,587)
9,748
(5,909,669)
(62,134)
Total increase (decrease)
786,335
12,086,419
315,308
(98,336)
9,541
9,840,937
(59,903)
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
14,419,665
64,940,058
2,410,815
1,417,839
23,046
102,161,631
59,903
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$15,206,000
$77,026,477
$2,726,123
$1,319,503
$32,587
$112,002,568
$
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-117
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Global
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Main Street
Small Cap
Invesco V.I.
U.S. Government
Strategic Income
Health Care
Main Street
Small Cap
Equity
Technology
Money
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$1,013,269
$
$
$
$2
$
$151,721
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
104,216
14,900
133,329
20,582
2
25,466
21,673
Net investment income (loss)
909,053
(14,900)
(133,329)
(20,582)
(25,466)
130,048
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
(247,807)
12,046
(1,661,992)
59,254
89
(119,063)
Realized gain distribution
3,652,693
136,784
58
365,634
Realized gain (loss)
(247,807)
12,046
1,990,701
196,038
147
246,571
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
249,599
181,561
5,725,103
237,542
26
2,201,539
Net gain (loss) on investments
1,792
193,607
7,715,804
433,580
173
2,448,110
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
910,845
178,707
7,582,475
412,998
173
2,422,644
130,048
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-118
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Global
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Main Street
Small Cap
Invesco V.I.
U.S. Government
Strategic Income
Health Care
Main Street
Small Cap
Equity
Technology
Money
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
1,396,671
224,816
1,111,159
203,794
437
309,232
24,521
Transfers due to death benefits
(126,334)
(19,873)
(359,314)
(13,352)
(1,088)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(573,923)
(159,064)
(1,699,290)
(97,166)
(1)
(127,328)
(415,255)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(502,239)
(150,327)
(1,009,170)
(5,084)
(281,457)
142
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(1,074,391)
(156,497)
(1,079,750)
(115,082)
(16)
(262,869)
(49,210)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
676,340
68,249
370,076
(7,501)
(193)
688,775
(139,207)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(203,876)
(192,696)
(2,666,289)
(21,039)
227
313,001
(580,097)
Total increase (decrease)
706,969
(13,989)
4,916,186
391,959
400
2,735,645
(450,049)
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
32,214,532
4,264,786
33,454,278
3,497,729
781
7,081,524
3,487,142
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$32,921,501
$4,250,797
$38,370,464
$3,889,688
$1,181
$9,817,169
$3,037,093
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-119
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Janus Henderson
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Global
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Technology and
Balanced
Balanced
Forty
Forty
Global Research
Global Research
Innovation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
Investment income
Dividends
$28
$118,720
$34,006
$43
$208,380
$2,199
$
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
5
20,092
95,093
2,491
89,070
1,954
278
Net investment income (loss)
23
98,628
(61,087)
(2,448)
119,310
245
(278)
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
6
171,010
640,943
20,005
566,315
43,161
811
Realized gain distribution
1,774,971
26,033
875,559
13,030
Realized gain (loss)
6
171,010
2,415,914
46,038
1,441,874
56,191
811
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
158
653,971
5,125,915
52,576
4,028,391
21,554
7,188
Net gain (loss) on investments
164
824,981
7,541,829
98,614
5,470,265
77,745
7,999
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
187
923,609
7,480,742
96,166
5,589,575
77,990
7,721
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-120
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Janus Henderson
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Global
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Technology and
Balanced
Balanced
Forty
Forty
Global Research
Global Research
Innovation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
182,853
537,499
8,595
365,708
2,998
39,181
Transfers due to death benefits
(40,407)
(202,548)
(67,496)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(2)
(159,817)
(1,028,072)
889
(427,427)
(468)
(161)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(129,382)
(576,805)
(7,644)
(427,400)
(10,199)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(87)
(259,742)
(746,009)
(11,142)
(517,040)
(10,329)
(5,668)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
33,118
210,899
105,542
92,534
(89,232)
9,931
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(89)
(373,377)
(1,805,036)
96,240
(981,121)
(107,230)
43,283
Total increase (decrease)
98
550,232
5,675,706
192,406
4,608,454
(29,240)
51,004
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
1,279
6,314,597
27,634,951
361,673
24,400,660
348,934
6,848
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$1,377
$6,864,829
$33,310,657
$554,079
$29,009,114
$319,694
$57,852
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-121
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP American
Lord Abbett
Century
Century
Century
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP
Developing
Capital
Disciplined
Inflation
Century
Century
JPMorgan
Growth
Appreciation
Core Value
Protection
International
Value
U.S. Equity
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$119
$
$454,233
$1,330
$26,630
$529,408
$10,765
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
284
4,814
121,104
65
4,539
60,192
5,034
Net investment income (loss)
(165)
(4,814)
333,129
1,265
22,091
469,216
5,731
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
(29,885)
68,361
(543,853)
248
(4,293)
190,160
3,978
Realized gain distribution
105,851
1,018,938
89,717
Realized gain (loss)
(29,885)
174,212
(543,853)
248
(4,293)
1,209,098
93,695
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
56,399
320,993
4,297,957
(1,124)
3,862
(119,064)
303,734
Net gain (loss) on investments
26,514
495,205
3,754,104
(876)
(431)
1,090,034
397,429
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
26,349
490,391
4,087,233
389
21,660
1,559,250
403,160
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-122
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP American
Lord Abbett
Century
Century
Century
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP
Developing
Capital
Disciplined
Inflation
Century
Century
JPMorgan
Growth
Appreciation
Core Value
Protection
International
Value
U.S. Equity
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
2,035
84,709
947,032
2,607
247,206
549,860
416,674
Transfers due to death benefits
(170,166)
(49,239)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(2)
(12)
(802,406)
1
(544,896)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(874,382)
(348,824)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(2,619)
(22,826)
(911,129)
(606)
(12,969)
(487,441)
(14,516)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
(134,615)
886,822
(79,506)
6,110
9,613
264,299
(117,112)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(135,201)
948,693
(1,890,557)
8,111
243,851
(616,241)
285,046
Total increase (decrease)
(108,852)
1,439,084
2,196,676
8,500
265,511
943,009
688,206
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
187,722
1,116,866
32,556,160
28,181
1,482,934
17,272,536
1,487,382
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$78,870
$2,555,950
$34,752,836
$36,681
$1,748,445
$18,215,545
$2,175,588
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-123
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Macquarie
Macquarie
Macquarie
Macquarie
Macquarie
MFS® Blended
MFS®
VIP Asset
VIP Asset
VIP Emerging
VIP Science
VIP Small Cap
Research®
Global
Strategy
Strategy
Markets
and Technology
Value
Core Equity
Real Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Standard Class)
(Service Class)
Investment income
Dividends
$727
$2,428
$16,149
$
$8,293
$117
$9,839
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
295
698
1,876
41
2,427
369
1,115
Net investment income (loss)
432
1,730
14,273
(41)
5,866
(252)
8,724
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
(32)
1,765
17,867
537
91,914
71,583
(833)
Realized gain distribution
1,490
4,894
536
31,149
800
Realized gain (loss)
1,458
6,659
17,867
1,073
123,063
72,383
(833)
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
2,034
4,492
(2,536)
3,549
(26,534)
(29,945)
(13,330)
Net gain (loss) on investments
3,492
11,151
15,331
4,622
96,529
42,438
(14,163)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
3,924
12,881
29,604
4,581
102,395
42,186
(5,439)
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-124
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Macquarie
Macquarie
Macquarie
Macquarie
Macquarie
MFS® Blended
MFS®
VIP Asset
VIP Asset
VIP Emerging
VIP Science
VIP Small Cap
Research®
Global
Strategy
Strategy
Markets
and Technology
Value
Core Equity
Real Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Standard Class)
(Service Class)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
10,522
7,984
191,352
169,295
13,388
104,767
Transfers due to death benefits
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(107)
(15,252)
22
106
(6)
1
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(2,493)
(40)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(4,142)
(548)
(8,469)
(1,882)
(9,754)
(3,134)
(3,209)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
26
43
32,671
15,672
(442,014)
45,570
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
3,806
(7,773)
215,576
(1,922)
175,319
(431,766)
147,129
Total increase (decrease)
7,730
5,108
245,180
2,659
277,714
(389,580)
141,690
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
31,629
123,761
549,291
15,791
820,214
402,105
316,017
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$39,359
$128,869
$794,471
$18,450
$1,097,928
$12,525
$457,707
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-125
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
Government
MFS®
International
Investors
Mid Cap
New
MFS®
Securities
Growth
Intrinsic Value
Trust
Value
Discovery
Research
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$29
$
$24,694
$6,375
$8,450
$
$5,887
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
2
17,360
4,458
2,560
1,551
25,335
5,179
Net investment income (loss)
27
(17,360)
20,236
3,815
6,899
(25,335)
708
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
3
122,390
17,986
(2,147)
53,280
(150,839)
17,692
Realized gain distribution
210,627
79,624
64,865
28,493
56,600
Realized gain (loss)
3
333,017
97,610
62,718
81,773
(150,839)
74,292
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(23)
420,277
6,933
88,126
(23,632)
563,222
85,847
Net gain (loss) on investments
(20)
753,294
104,543
150,844
58,141
412,383
160,139
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
7
735,934
124,779
154,659
65,040
387,048
160,847
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-126
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
Government
MFS®
International
Investors
Mid Cap
New
MFS®
Securities
Growth
Intrinsic Value
Trust
Value
Discovery
Research
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
25
56,048
397,721
19,133
50,357
148,881
6,772
Transfers due to death benefits
(3,443)
(27,037)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
1
(152,786)
(43)
(13,034)
825
(268,063)
(33,384)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(17,851)
(31,285)
(71,645)
(4,871)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(13)
(58,631)
(14,094)
(14,153)
(9,079)
(158,751)
(24,490)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
196
(148,610)
(49,828)
35,117
390,428
116,942
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
209
(321,830)
333,756
(7,665)
432,531
(259,673)
(55,973)
Total increase (decrease)
216
414,104
458,535
146,994
497,571
127,375
104,874
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
548
2,558,706
1,348,571
803,220
243,211
6,284,209
910,716
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$764
$2,972,810
$1,807,106
$950,214
$740,782
$6,411,584
$1,015,590
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-127
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
MML
MML
American Funds
MML
MML
MFS®
MFS®
Aggressive
Core
American Funds
Balanced
MML
Utilities
Value
Allocation
Allocation
Growth
Allocation
Blend
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$948
$104,103
$83,171
$29,797
$
$76,306
$641,576
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
91
15,116
30,622
10,294
44,004
16,518
137,352
Net investment income (loss)
857
88,987
52,549
19,503
(44,004)
59,788
504,224
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
(6)
9,068
(84,418)
(1,486)
(288,844)
(20,620)
(185,164)
Realized gain distribution
1,170
471,485
133,083
28,041
480,072
320,337
Realized gain (loss)
1,164
480,553
48,665
26,555
191,228
(20,620)
135,173
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
2,276
47,967
696,740
132,601
1,453,938
202,989
3,790,414
Net gain (loss) on investments
3,440
528,520
745,405
159,156
1,645,166
182,369
3,925,587
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
4,297
617,507
797,954
178,659
1,601,162
242,157
4,429,811
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-128
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
MML
MML
American Funds
MML
MML
MFS®
MFS®
Aggressive
Core
American Funds
Balanced
MML
Utilities
Value
Allocation
Allocation
Growth
Allocation
Blend
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
7,046
734,127
1,347,921
192,191
1,501,544
412,540
1,400,227
Transfers due to death benefits
(132)
(480)
(144,672)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
1
19
(116,762)
(2,423)
(306,823)
(278,811)
(1,467,353)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(162,012)
(1,457)
(346,447)
(18,664)
(459,853)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(508)
(41,339)
(515,325)
(77,716)
(476,121)
(162,341)
(1,373,508)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
(84,652)
118,886
(215,561)
(289)
(819,810)
(175,312)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
6,539
608,155
672,708
(104,966)
371,732
(867,566)
(2,220,471)
Total increase (decrease)
10,836
1,225,662
1,470,662
73,693
1,972,894
(625,409)
2,209,340
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
34,444
5,209,972
6,206,660
1,642,666
5,056,453
3,406,810
31,734,010
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$45,280
$6,435,634
$7,677,322
$1,716,359
$7,029,347
$2,781,401
$33,943,350
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-129
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Blue Chip
Conservative
Dynamic
MML
Equity
Equity
Equity
Growth
Allocation
Bond
Equity
Income
Index
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Service Class I)
(Class II)
Investment income
Dividends
$
$49,114
$10,055
$2,199,325
$54,948
$50,208
$1,397,696
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
90,774
12,355
966
492,472
15,121
14,580
496,195
Net investment income (loss)
(90,774)
36,759
9,089
1,706,853
39,827
35,628
901,501
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
888,474
(43,834)
(3,981)
1,678,835
(20,630)
369,754
2,523,866
Realized gain distribution
1,600,710
1,171,364
179,354
230,627
3,823,218
Realized gain (loss)
2,489,184
(43,834)
(3,981)
2,850,199
158,724
600,381
6,347,084
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
3,979,392
102,696
(6,635)
14,147,486
124,491
830,543
19,225,407
Net gain (loss) on investments
6,468,576
58,862
(10,616)
16,997,685
283,215
1,430,924
25,572,491
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
6,377,802
95,621
(1,527)
18,704,538
323,042
1,466,552
26,473,992
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-130
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Blue Chip
Conservative
Dynamic
MML
Equity
Equity
Equity
Growth
Allocation
Bond
Equity
Income
Index
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Service Class I)
(Class II)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
1,548,950
133,081
34,868
3,549,928
316,329
714,167
2,765,938
Transfers due to death benefits
(15,427)
(475)
(912,412)
(329,129)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(2,057,182)
(83,559)
(16,812)
(2,222,685)
(35,881)
7
(4,010,790)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(592,769)
(2,253)
2,831
(1,971,068)
(84,325)
(76)
(1,406,491)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(715,658)
(62,562)
(5,489)
(3,868,203)
(134,526)
(73,846)
(3,098,284)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
261,528
201,493
(78)
1,181,494
(1,107,372)
(1,108,569)
472,303
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
(1,570,558)
185,725
15,320
(4,242,946)
(1,045,775)
(468,317)
(5,606,453)
Total increase (decrease)
4,807,244
281,346
13,793
14,461,592
(722,733)
998,235
20,867,539
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
18,760,783
1,841,074
185,010
100,476,822
3,455,063
5,837,511
112,287,793
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$23,568,027
$2,122,420
$198,803
$114,938,414
$2,732,330
$6,835,746
$133,155,332
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-131
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Equity
Equity
Focused
MML
Fundamental
Fundamental
MML
Index
Rotation
Equity
Foreign
Equity
Value
Global
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Class III)
(Service Class I)
Investment income
Dividends
$101,280
$367
$5,089
$28,830
$12,407
$3,609
$2,724
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
60,652
334
1,804
3,668
4,057
2,010
751
Net investment income (loss)
40,628
33
3,285
25,162
8,350
1,599
1,973
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
(4,698)
(153)
1,598
13,805
2,353
(4,291)
432
Realized gain distribution
249,116
3,166
23,354
144,654
28,949
17,047
Realized gain (loss)
244,418
3,013
24,952
13,805
147,007
24,658
17,479
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
1,273,031
138
17,759
(14,537)
155,352
(28,764)
(4,494)
Net gain (loss) on investments
1,517,449
3,151
42,711
(732)
302,359
(4,106)
12,985
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
1,558,077
3,184
45,996
24,430
310,709
(2,507)
14,958
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-132
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Equity
Equity
Focused
MML
Fundamental
Fundamental
MML
Index
Rotation
Equity
Foreign
Equity
Value
Global
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Class III)
(Service Class I)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
1,689,907
44,367
116,846
145,493
38,880
44,645
22,548
Transfers due to death benefits
(4,563)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(97,869)
129
(25,702)
(3,171)
(691)
(1,173)
(2)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(5,553)
11
(15,118)
(79)
(12)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(582,411)
(1,208)
(25,490)
(25,010)
(17,173)
(18,407)
(5,724)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
1,085,380
(3,759)
(22,338)
435,935
705,609
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
2,084,891
43,288
61,906
79,856
456,872
730,662
16,822
Total increase (decrease)
3,642,968
46,472
107,902
104,286
767,581
728,155
31,780
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
5,781,443
52
456,949
852,178
1,110,017
176,107
291,727
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$9,424,411
$46,524
$564,851
$956,464
$1,877,598
$904,262
$323,507
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-133
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
MML
MML
MML
MML Inflation-
MML
MML
MML
Growth
High
Income
Protected
International
iShares® 60/40
Global
Allocation
Yield
& Growth
and Income
Equity
Allocation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Class II)
Investment income
Dividends
$7,998
$119,644
$22,878
$33,411
$252,157
$2,591
$1,468
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
4,311
26,074
2,777
6,329
17,321
1,303
393
Net investment income (loss)
3,687
93,570
20,101
27,082
234,836
1,288
1,075
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
(3,871)
(132,756)
139
61,656
(70,883)
7
911
Realized gain distribution
40,367
4,765
209,327
229
Realized gain (loss)
36,496
(127,991)
139
270,983
(70,883)
7
1,140
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(431)
772,617
8,823
(40,187)
(30,627)
(4,712)
2,100
Net gain (loss) on investments
36,065
644,626
8,962
230,796
(101,510)
(4,705)
3,240
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
39,752
738,196
29,063
257,878
133,326
(3,417)
4,315
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-134
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
MML
MML
MML
MML Inflation-
MML
MML
MML
Growth
High
Income
Protected
International
iShares® 60/40
Global
Allocation
Yield
& Growth
and Income
Equity
Allocation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
(Class II)
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
140,092
790,392
154,189
361,175
341,852
30,436
80,948
Transfers due to death benefits
(82,169)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(54,318)
(118,970)
(41,278)
(23,396)
(89,236)
(624)
(76)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(24,769)
(279,669)
(4,022)
(9,286)
(102,051)
17
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(39,407)
(273,319)
(23,122)
(74,595)
(212,448)
(6,880)
(25,015)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
5,504
87,846
3,898
(847,532)
181,924
247,768
14,183
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
27,102
206,280
89,665
(593,634)
37,872
270,717
70,040
Total increase (decrease)
66,854
944,476
118,728
(335,756)
171,198
267,300
74,355
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
762,803
6,889,137
251,328
1,498,140
5,362,732
147,673
6,350
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$829,657
$7,833,613
$370,056
$1,162,384
$5,533,930
$414,973
$80,705
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-135
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
iShares® 80/20
Large Cap
Managed
Managed
Mid Cap
Mid Cap
Moderate
Allocation
Growth
Bond
Volatility
Growth
Value
Allocation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$1,566
$
$981,860
$62,846
$
$46,086
$52,827
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
494
8,443
79,242
30,334
18,880
11,615
11,733
Net investment income (loss)
1,072
(8,443)
902,618
32,512
(18,880)
34,471
41,094
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
2,587
67,025
(407,205)
30,673
(52,441)
(137,511)
(90,564)
Realized gain distribution
386
132,739
332,747
221,301
93,517
Realized gain (loss)
2,973
199,764
(407,205)
363,420
168,860
(43,994)
(90,564)
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
2,432
275,284
225,542
1,004,192
238,531
204,007
241,241
Net gain (loss) on investments
5,405
475,048
(181,663)
1,367,612
407,391
160,013
150,677
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
6,477
466,605
720,955
1,400,124
388,511
194,484
191,771
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-136
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
iShares® 80/20
Large Cap
Managed
Managed
Mid Cap
Mid Cap
Moderate
Allocation
Growth
Bond
Volatility
Growth
Value
Allocation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
98,784
374,612
1,073,158
471,973
625,789
413,645
286,873
Transfers due to death benefits
(198,325)
(73,237)
(535)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(313)
(88,733)
(878,939)
(346,251)
(152,718)
(59,453)
(160,524)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(17,985)
(348,125)
(352,324)
(131,350)
(56,393)
(337)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(28,515)
(98,876)
(834,353)
(375,862)
(169,802)
(114,298)
(99,872)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
1,945
680,397
180,368
185,108
381,822
149,467
(60,030)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
71,901
849,415
(1,006,216)
(490,593)
553,741
332,968
(34,425)
Total increase (decrease)
78,378
1,316,020
(285,261)
909,531
942,252
527,452
157,346
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
22,637
727,768
21,581,042
9,932,942
3,525,830
2,150,633
2,336,284
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$101,015
$2,043,788
$21,295,781
$10,842,473
$4,468,082
$2,678,085
$2,493,630
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-137
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML Strategic
MML
Short-Duration
Small Cap
Small Cap
Small Company
Small/Mid Cap
Emerging
Sustainable
Bond
Equity
Growth Equity
Value
Value
Markets
Equity
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$16,844
$
$8,696
$3,914
$13,209
$1,841
$21,656
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
1,176
107,077
59,348
2,477
6,982
1,882
11,100
Net investment income (loss)
15,668
(107,077)
(50,652)
1,437
6,227
(41)
10,556
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
9,853
314,038
(470,501)
(33,466)
(37,674)
(16,945)
(125,341)
Realized gain distribution
1,964,467
100,092
103,636
Realized gain (loss)
9,853
2,278,505
(470,501)
(33,466)
62,418
(16,945)
(21,705)
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(10)
1,471,352
2,277,179
52,040
79,033
11,115
382,219
Net gain (loss) on investments
9,843
3,749,857
1,806,678
18,574
141,451
(5,830)
360,514
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
25,511
3,642,780
1,756,026
20,011
147,678
(5,871)
371,070
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-138
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML Strategic
MML
Short-Duration
Small Cap
Small Cap
Small Company
Small/Mid Cap
Emerging
Sustainable
Bond
Equity
Growth Equity
Value
Value
Markets
Equity
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
24,452
1,171,940
772,077
43,945
222,151
57,766
259,448
Transfers due to death benefits
(99,742)
(30,044)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(3,336)
(944,420)
(704,326)
(22,457)
(132,041)
(7,449)
(66,966)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
18
(817,934)
(355,747)
(3,206)
(35,443)
(5,083)
(26,049)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(12,770)
(907,090)
(518,420)
(13,438)
(69,792)
(17,079)
(102,600)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
54,034
1,358,347
343,203
(179,465)
137,716
10,324
(93,813)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
62,398
(238,899)
(493,257)
(174,621)
122,591
38,479
(29,980)
Total increase (decrease)
87,909
3,403,881
1,262,769
(154,610)
270,269
32,608
341,090
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
362,781
29,297,337
18,257,517
476,830
1,328,414
229,919
1,927,847
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$450,690
$32,701,218
$19,520,286
$322,220
$1,598,683
$262,527
$2,268,937
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-139
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
PIMCO
MML
MML
Commodity-
PIMCO
Total Return
U.S. Government
RealReturn®
Global Bond
PIMCO
PIMCO
PIMCO
Bond
Money Market
Strategy
Opportunities
High Yield
Income
Real Return
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$71,086
$1,169,235
$10,434
$7,722
$10,132
$829
$556
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
4,864
75,604
1,865
439
399
111
54
Net investment income (loss)
66,222
1,093,631
8,569
7,283
9,733
718
502
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
19,646
(25,491)
(3,343)
(220)
117
280
Realized gain distribution
Realized gain (loss)
19,646
(25,491)
(3,343)
(220)
117
280
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(38,468)
34,493
(5,275)
1,676
(317)
(365)
Net gain (loss) on investments
(18,822)
9,002
(8,618)
1,456
(200)
(85)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
47,400
1,093,631
17,571
(1,335)
11,189
518
417
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-140
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
PIMCO
MML
MML
Commodity-
PIMCO
Total Return
U.S. Government
RealReturn®
Global Bond
PIMCO
PIMCO
PIMCO
Bond
Money Market
Strategy
Opportunities
High Yield
Income
Real Return
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
114,723
7,384,065
66,374
12,206
1,080
16,348
15,769
Transfers due to death benefits
(220,552)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(1,003)
(1,554,247)
(24,228)
(1)
27
1
1
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(4,456)
(624,426)
(46,417)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(38,904)
(1,256,038)
(17,396)
(3,458)
(1,738)
(7,116)
(395)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
953,341
(2,917,279)
15,600
(3,798)
(129)
(16,006)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
1,023,701
811,523
(6,067)
4,949
(631)
9,104
(631)
Total increase (decrease)
1,071,101
1,905,154
11,504
3,614
10,558
9,622
(214)
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
487,254
22,589,638
496,303
213,927
168,702
14,872
21,468
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$1,558,355
$24,494,792
$507,807
$217,541
$179,260
$24,494
$21,254
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-141
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
Templeton
PIMCO
All-Cap
Blue Chip
T. Rowe Price
Limited-Term
Mid-Cap
Foreign
Total Return
Opportunities
Growth
Equity Income
Bond
Growth
VIP
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$7,316
$4,260
$
$442,691
$2,910
$
$292,923
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
363
39,323
76,782
65,899
162
251,431
34,136
Net investment income (loss)
6,953
(35,063)
(76,782)
376,792
2,748
(251,431)
258,787
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
2,911
88,012
816,063
232,988
8
435,415
8,993
Realized gain distribution
658,172
1,223,473
1,580,149
5,820,673
Realized gain (loss)
2,911
746,184
2,039,536
1,813,137
8
6,256,088
8,993
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(5,551)
486,984
6,034,193
370,254
449
(546,791)
(441,062)
Net gain (loss) on investments
(2,640)
1,233,168
8,073,729
2,183,391
457
5,709,297
(432,069)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
4,313
1,198,105
7,996,947
2,560,183
3,205
5,457,866
(173,282)
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-142
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
Templeton
PIMCO
All-Cap
Blue Chip
T. Rowe Price
Limited-Term
Mid-Cap
Foreign
Total Return
Opportunities
Growth
Equity Income
Bond
Growth
VIP
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
10,769
80,504
421,340
742,899
1,457,599
553,659
Transfers due to death benefits
(645)
(125,012)
(93,107)
(268,960)
(121,720)
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
6
(172,814)
(509,989)
(741,899)
5
(2,110,607)
(258,035)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(1,220)
(347,872)
(501,752)
(160)
(1,373,723)
(282,040)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(3,371)
(61,764)
(540,416)
(750,581)
(7,630)
(1,642,037)
(424,109)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
17,497
(24,769)
472,385
312,417
246,904
784,201
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
24,901
(180,708)
(629,564)
(1,032,023)
(7,785)
(3,690,824)
251,956
Total increase (decrease)
29,214
1,017,397
7,367,383
1,528,160
(4,580)
1,767,042
78,674
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
157,414
5,015,740
22,991,984
22,722,896
71,538
62,691,476
11,962,059
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$186,628
$6,033,137
$30,359,367
$24,251,056
$66,958
$64,458,518
$12,040,733
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-143
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Vest
Templeton
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
US Large Cap
Voya
Voya
Global
Global Bond
Mid Cap
Real Estate
10% Buffer
International
Russell™
Bond VIP
Index
Index
Index
Strategies V.I.
Index
Mid Cap Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$
$12,856
$21,905
$16,431
$
$50,305
$32,728
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
152
3,774
13,280
4,448
4,211
7,570
Net investment income (loss)
(152)
9,082
8,625
11,983
46,094
25,158
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
(81)
(7,290)
(18,331)
(14,699)
3
83,688
34,000
Realized gain distribution
479
18,257
13,861
6
290,298
Realized gain (loss)
(81)
(6,811)
(74)
(838)
9
83,688
324,298
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(7,867)
4,145
209,604
12,407
(89,569)
99,849
Net gain (loss) on investments
(7,948)
(2,666)
209,530
11,569
9
(5,881)
424,147
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
(8,100)
6,416
218,155
23,552
9
40,213
449,305
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-144
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Vest
Templeton
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
US Large Cap
Voya
Voya
Global
Global Bond
Mid Cap
Real Estate
10% Buffer
International
Russell™
Bond VIP
Index
Index
Index
Strategies V.I.
Index
Mid Cap Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
14,234
129,075
620,663
158,095
576
110,100
537,732
Transfers due to death benefits
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
(8,408)
(20,803)
(4,603)
(2)
9
10
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(14,277)
(30,502)
(6,302)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(874)
(48,828)
(167,410)
(60,692)
(148)
(14,381)
(31,498)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
466
(24,475)
(145,069)
(4,411)
(266,437)
(566,409)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
13,826
33,087
256,879
82,087
426
(170,709)
(60,165)
Total increase (decrease)
5,726
39,503
475,034
105,639
435
(130,496)
389,140
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
63,391
451,957
1,412,794
505,477
1,868,907
2,951,626
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$69,117
$491,460
$1,887,828
$611,116
$435
$1,738,411
$3,340,766
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-145
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Voya
VY® CBRE
Russell™
Global
Small Cap Index
Real Estate
Division
Division
Investment income
Dividends
$8,350
$17,132
Expenses
Mortality and expense risk charge
1,799
2,079
Net investment income (loss)
6,551
15,053
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares
50,570
(20,132)
Realized gain distribution
53,691
Realized gain (loss)
104,261
(20,132)
Change in net unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments
(25,207)
2,844
Net gain (loss) on investments
79,054
(17,288)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations
85,605
(2,235)
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-146
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)
For The Year Ended December 31, 2024
Voya
VY® CBRE
Russell™
Global
Small Cap Index
Real Estate
Division
Division
Capital transactions:
Transfers of net premiums
60,877
61,966
Transfers due to death benefits
Transfers due to withdrawal of funds
6
(34,179)
Transfers due to policy loans, net of repayments
(45,066)
Transfers due to charges for administrative and insurance costs
(13,662)
(16,687)
Transfers between Divisions and
(to) from General Account
17,650
4,823
Net increase (decrease) in net assets
resulting from capital transactions
64,871
(29,143)
Total increase (decrease)
150,476
(31,378)
NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year
765,547
627,757
NET ASSETS, at end of the year
$916,023
$596,379
F-147
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I
 
Notes To Financial Statements
1. ORGANIZATION
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I (“the Separate Account”) is a separate investment
account of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (“MassMutual”) established on July 13, 1988. The
Separate Account is registered as a unit investment trust under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“the 1940
Act”).
MassMutual maintains sixteen products within the Separate Account: Variable Life Plus, Large Case Variable
Life Plus, Strategic Variable Life®, Variable Life Select, Strategic Group Variable Universal Life®, Strategic
Group Variable Universal Life® II, Survivorship Variable Universal Life, Variable Universal Life, Strategic
Variable Life® Plus, Survivorship Variable Universal Life II, Variable Universal Life II, VUL GuardSM,
Survivorship VUL GuardSM, Variable Universal Life III, MassMutual ElectrumSM and Apex VULSM. Five of the
sixteen products within the Separate Account: Variable Universal Life II, VUL GuardSM, Survivorship VUL
GuardSM, Variable Universal Life III and Apex VULSM, have multiple tiers. The unit values of these tiers differ
based on the associated expense ratios.
The assets and liabilities of the Separate Account are clearly identified and distinguished from MassMutual’s
other assets and liabilities. The portion of the Separate Account assets applicable to the variable life policies is
not chargeable with liabilities arising from any other MassMutual business.
2. INVESTMENT OF THE SEPARATE ACCOUNT’S ASSETS
For the year or period ended December 31, 2025, the Separate Account consists of one hundred and sixty four
divisions that invest in the following mutual funds. All of the divisions/funds may not be available through each
of the products within the Separate Account:
The division listed in the first column
Divisions
invests in the fund in this column
American Funds Insurance Series® Asset Allocation Division
American Funds Insurance Series® Asset Allocation Fund3
American Funds Insurance Series® Global Small Capitalization
Division
American Funds Insurance Series® Global Small
Capitalization Fund3,37
American Funds Insurance Series® Growth-Income Division
American Funds Insurance Series® Growth-Income Fund3
American Funds Insurance Series® New World Division
American Funds Insurance Series® New World Fund3,37
American Funds Insurance Series® Washington Mutual
Investors Division
American Funds Insurance Series® Washington Mutual
Investors Fund3,37
BlackRock Basic Value V.I. Division
BlackRock Basic Value V.I. Fund1,24
BlackRock High Yield V.I. Division
BlackRock High Yield V.I. Fund1
BlackRock Small Cap Index V.I. Division (Class I)
BlackRock Small Cap Index V.I. Fund (Class I)1
BlackRock Small Cap Index V.I. Division (Class III)
BlackRock Small Cap Index V.I. Fund (Class III)1
BlackRock Total Return V.I. Division
BlackRock Total Return V.I. Fund1
BNY Mellon MidCap Stock Division
BNY Mellon MidCap Stock Portfolio2
Columbia Variable Portfolio - Contrarian Core Division
Columbia Variable Portfolio - Contrarian Core Fund4,37
DWS Small Cap Index Division
DWS Small Cap Index VIP Fund6
Eaton Vance VT Floating-Rate Income Division
Eaton Vance VT Floating-Rate Income Fund7
Fidelity® VIP Bond Index Division (Initial Class)
Fidelity® VIP Bond Index Portfolio (Initial Class)8
Fidelity® VIP Bond Index Division (Service Class 2)
Fidelity® VIP Bond Index Portfolio (Service Class 2)8,24
Fidelity® VIP Contrafund® Division (Initial Class)
Fidelity® VIP Contrafund® Portfolio (Initial Class)8
Fidelity® VIP Contrafund® Division (Service Class)
Fidelity® VIP Contrafund® Portfolio (Service Class)8
Fidelity® VIP Extended Market Index Division
(Initial Class)
Fidelity® VIP Extended Market Index Portfolio
(Initial Class)8
Fidelity® VIP Total Market Index Division
(Service Class 2)
Fidelity® VIP Total Market Index Portfolio
(Service Class 2)8
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2020 Division
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2020 Portfolio8
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2025 Division
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2025 Portfolio8
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2030 Division
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2030 Portfolio8
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2035 Division
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2035 Portfolio8
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2040 Division
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2040 Portfolio8
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2045 Division
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2045 Portfolio8
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2050 Division
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2050 Portfolio8
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2055 Division
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2055 Portfolio8
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2060 Division
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2060 Portfolio8
Fidelity® VIP Freedom Income Division
Fidelity® VIP Freedom Income Portfolio8,24
Fidelity® VIP Growth Division
Fidelity® VIP Growth Portfolio8
Fidelity® VIP Health Care Division
Fidelity® VIP Health Care Portfolio8
Fidelity® VIP Index 500 Division
Fidelity® VIP Index 500 Portfolio8
Fidelity® VIP International Index Division
(Initial Class)
Fidelity® VIP International Index Portfolio
(Initial Class)8
F-148
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
Fidelity® VIP International Index Division
(Service Class 2)
Fidelity® VIP International Index Portfolio
(Service Class 2)8
Fidelity® VIP Overseas Division
Fidelity® VIP Overseas Portfolio8
Fidelity® VIP Real Estate Division (Initial Class)
Fidelity® VIP Real Estate Portfolio (Initial Class)8
Fidelity® VIP Real Estate Division (Service Class)
Fidelity® VIP Real Estate Portfolio (Service Class)8
Fidelity® VIP Strategic Income Division
Fidelity® VIP Strategic Income Portfolio8
Fidelity® VIP Total Market Index Division
(Initial Class)
Fidelity® VIP Total Market Index Portfolio
(Initial Class)8
Fidelity® VIP Total Market Index Division
(Service Class 2)
Fidelity® VIP Total Market Index Portfolio
(Service Class 2)8
Franklin Mutual Global Discovery VIP Division
Franklin Mutual Global Discovery VIP Fund9
Franklin Small Cap Value VIP Division
Franklin Small Cap Value VIP Fund9
Franklin Strategic Income VIP Division
Franklin Strategic Income VIP Fund10
Goldman Sachs Core Fixed Income Division
Goldman Sachs Core Fixed Income Fund11
Goldman Sachs International Equity Insights Division
Goldman Sachs International Equity Insights Fund11
Goldman Sachs Large Cap Value Division
Goldman Sachs Large Cap Value Fund11
Goldman Sachs Mid Cap Growth Division
Goldman Sachs Mid Cap Growth Fund11,24
Goldman Sachs Mid Cap Value Division
Goldman Sachs Mid Cap Value Fund11
Goldman Sachs Small Cap Equity Insights Division
Goldman Sachs Small Cap Equity Insights Fund11
Goldman Sachs Strategic Growth Division
Goldman Sachs Strategic Growth Fund11
Goldman Sachs U.S. Equity Insights Division
Goldman Sachs U.S. Equity Insights Fund11
Invesco V.I. American Franchise Division
Invesco V.I. American Franchise Fund12
Invesco V.I. Comstock Division
Invesco V.I. Comstock Fund12
Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond Division
Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond Fund12
Invesco V.I. Discovery Large Cap Division
Invesco V.I. Discovery Large Cap Fund12,51
Invesco V.I. Discovery Mid Cap Growth Division
Invesco V.I. Discovery Mid Cap Growth Fund12,52
Invesco V.I. Diversified Dividend Division
Invesco V.I. Diversified Dividend Fund12
Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Division
Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Fund12,23
Invesco V.I. EQV International Equity Division
Invesco V.I. EQV International Equity Fund12
Invesco V.I. Global Division
Invesco V.I. Global Fund12,55
Invesco V.I. Global Real Estate Division
Invesco V.I. Global Real Estate Fund12
Invesco V.I. Global Strategic Income Division
Invesco V.I. Global Strategic Income Fund12
Invesco V.I. Health Care Division
Invesco V.I. Health Care Fund12
Invesco V.I. International Growth Division
Invesco V.I. International Growth Fund12,39
Invesco V.I. Main Street Small Cap Division
Invesco V.I. Main Street Small Cap Fund®12
Invesco V.I. Small Cap Equity Division
Invesco V.I. Small Cap Equity Fund12
Invesco V.I. Technology Division
Invesco V.I. Technology Fund12
Invesco V.I. U.S. Government Money Division
Invesco V.I. U.S. Government Money Portfolio12
Janus Henderson Balanced Division (Institutional Class)
Janus Henderson Balanced Portfolio (Institutional Class)13
Janus Henderson Balanced Division (Service Class)
Janus Henderson Balanced Portfolio (Service Class)13
Janus Henderson Enterprise Division
Janus Henderson Enterprise Portfolio13, 37
Janus Henderson Forty Division (Institutional Class)
Janus Henderson Forty Portfolio (Institutional Class)13
Janus Henderson Forty Division (Service Class)
Janus Henderson Forty Portfolio (Service Class)13
Janus Henderson Global Research Division
(Institutional Class)
Janus Henderson Global Research Portfolio
(Institutional Class)13
Janus Henderson Global Research Division
(Service Class)
Janus Henderson Global Research Portfolio
(Service Class)13
Janus Henderson Global Technology and Innovation Division
Janus Henderson Global Technology and Innovation
Portfolio13
Janus Henderson Overseas Division
Janus Henderson Overseas Portfolio13,37
Lord Abbett Developing Growth Division
Lord Abbett Developing Growth Portfolio15
Lord Abbett Mid Cap Stock Division
Lord Abbett Mid Cap Stock Portfolio15
LVIP American Century Capital Appreciation Division
LVIP American Century Capital Appreciation Fund14,31
LVIP American Century Disciplined Core Value Division
LVIP American Century Disciplined Core Value Fund14,32
LVIP American Century Inflation Protection Division
LVIP American Century Inflation Protection Fund14,33
LVIP American Century International Division
LVIP American Century International Fund14,34
LVIP American Century Value Division
LVIP American Century Value Fund14,35
LVIP JPMorgan U.S. Equity Division
LVIP JPMorgan U.S. Equity Portfolio14
MFS® Blended Research® Core Equity Division
MFS® Blended Research® Core Equity Portfolio16
MFS® Global Real Estate Division
MFS® Global Real Estate Portfolio16
MFS® Government Securities Division
MFS® Government Securities Portfolio16
MFS® Growth Division
MFS® Growth Series16
MFS® International Intrinsic Value Division
MFS® International Intrinsic Value Portfolio16
MFS® Investors Trust Division
MFS® Investors Trust Series16
MFS® Mid Cap Value Division
MFS® Mid Cap Value Portfolio16
F-149
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
MFS® New Discovery Division
MFS® New Discovery Series16
MFS® Research Division
MFS® Research Series16
MFS® Utilities Division
MFS® Utilities Series16
MFS® Value Division
MFS® Value Series16
MML Aggressive Allocation Division
MML Aggressive Allocation Fund17
MML American Century Mid Cap Value Division
MML VIP American Century Mid Cap Value Fund17,40
MML American Century Small Company Value Division
MML American Century Small Company Value Fund17,42
MML American Funds Core Allocation Division
MML American Funds Core Allocation Fund17
MML American Funds Growth Division
MML American Funds Growth Fund17
MML Balanced Allocation Division
MML Balanced Allocation Fund17
MML BlackRock iShares® 60/40 Division
MML VIP BlackRock iShares® 60/40 Fund (Class II)17,45
MML BlackRock iShares® 80/20 Division
MML VIP BlackRock iShares® 80/20 Fund (Class II)17,46
MML Blend Division
MML Blend Fund17
MML Blue Chip Growth Division
MML Blue Chip Growth Fund17
MML Conservative Allocation Division
MML Conservative Allocation Fund17
MML Equity Division
MML Equity Fund17
MML Equity Income Division
MML Equity Income Fund17,48
MML Equity Index Division (Class II)
MML Equity Index Fund (Class II)17
MML Equity Index Division (Class III)
MML Equity Index Fund (Class III)17
MML Equity Index Division (Service Class I)
MML Equity Index Fund (Service Class I)17
MML Fidelity Institutional AM® Core Plus Bond Division
MML VIP Fidelity Institutional AM® Core Plus Bond
Fund17,44
MML Focused Equity Division
MML Focused Equity Fund17
MML Foreign Division
MML Foreign Fund17
MML Fundamental Equity Division
MML Fundamental Equity Fund17,53
MML Global Division (Class II)
MML Global Fund (Class II)17,55,56
MML Growth Allocation Division
MML Growth Allocation Fund17
MML Income & Growth Division
MML Income & Growth Fund17
MML Inflation-Protected and Income Division
MML Inflation-Protected and Income Fund17
MML Invesco Discovery Large Cap Division
MML Invesco Discovery Large Cap Fund17,38,51
MML Invesco Discovery Mid Cap Division
MML Invesco Discovery Mid Cap Fund17,38,52
MML Invesco Small Cap Equity Division
MML VIP Invesco Small Cap Equity Fund17,41
MML Loomis Sayles Large Cap Growth Division
MML VIP Loomis Sayles Large Cap Growth Fund17,47,49
MML Managed Bond Division
MML Managed Bond Fund17,50
MML Managed Volatility Division
MML Managed Volatility Fund17
MML MFS International Equity Division
MML VIP MFS International Equity Fund17,43,57
MML Mid Cap Growth Division
MML Mid Cap Growth Portfolio17,54
MML Moderate Allocation Division
MML Moderate Allocation Fund17
MML Short-Duration Bond Division
MML Short-Duration Bond Fund17
MML Small Cap Growth Equity Division
MML Small Cap Growth Equity Fund17
MML Small/Mid Cap Value Division
MML Small/Mid Cap Value Fund17
MML Sustainable Equity Division
MML Sustainable Equity Fund17
MML U.S. Government Money Market Division
MML U.S. Government Money Market Fund17
Nomura VIP Asset Strategy Division (Standard Class)
Nomura VIP Asset Strategy Series (Standard Class)5,25
Nomura VIP Asset Strategy Division (Service Class)
Nomura VIP Asset Strategy Series (Service Class)5,26
Nomura VIP Emerging Markets Division
Nomura VIP Emerging Markets Series5,27
Nomura VIP Growth Division
Nomura VIP Growth Series5,28,39
Nomura VIP Science and Technology Division
Nomura VIP Science and Technology Series5,29
Nomura VIP Small Cap Value Division
Nomura VIP Small Cap Value Series5,30
PIMCO All Asset Division
PIMCO All Asset Portfolio18, 24
PIMCO CommodityRealReturn® Strategy Division
PIMCO CommodityRealReturn® Strategy Portfolio18
PIMCO Emerging Markets Bond Division
PIMCO Emerging Markets Bond Portfolio18, 24
PIMCO Global Bond Opportunities Division
PIMCO Global Bond Opportunities Portfolio18
PIMCO High Yield Division
PIMCO High Yield Portfolio18
PIMCO Income Division
PIMCO Income Portfolio18
PIMCO Long-Term U.S. Government Division
PIMCO Long-Term U.S. Government Portfolio18, 24
PIMCO Real Return Division
PIMCO Real Return Portfolio18
PIMCO Total Return Division
PIMCO Total Return Portfolio18
T. Rowe Price All-Cap Opportunities Division
T. Rowe Price All-Cap Opportunities Portfolio19
T. Rowe Price Blue Chip Growth Division
T. Rowe Price Blue Chip Growth Portfolio19
T. Rowe Price Equity Income Division
T. Rowe Price Equity Income Portfolio19
T. Rowe Price Limited-Term Bond Division
T. Rowe Price Limited-Term Bond Portfolio19
T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Growth Division
T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Growth Portfolio19,54
Templeton Foreign VIP Division
Templeton Foreign VIP Fund20
Templeton Global Bond VIP Division
Templeton Global Bond VIP Fund20
Vanguard VIF Global Bond Index Division
Vanguard VIF Global Bond Index Fund21
Vanguard VIF Mid Cap Index Division
Vanguard VIF Mid Cap Index Fund21
F-150
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
Vanguard VIF Real Estate Index Division
Vanguard VIF Real Estate Index Fund21
Voya International Index Division
Voya International Index Portfolio22
Voya Russell™ Mid Cap Index Division
Voya Russell™ Mid Cap Index Portfolio22
Voya Russell™ Small Cap Index Division
Voya Russell™ Small Cap Index Portfolio22
VY® CBRE Global Real Estate Division
VY® CBRE Global Real Estate Portfolio22
In addition to the one hundred and sixty four divisions, policy owners may also allocate funds to the Guaranteed
Principal Account (“GPA”), which is part of MassMutual’s general investment account (“General Account”).
Because of exemptive and exclusionary provisions in the securities law, interests in the GPA are not registered
under the Securities Act of 1933. The General Account and the GPA are not registered as an investment
company under the 1940 Act.
1BlackRock Advisors, LLC is the investment adviser to this Fund.
2BNY Mellon Investment Adviser, Inc. is the investment adviser to this Portfolio.
3Capital Research and Management Company is the investment adviser to this Fund.
4Columbia Management Investment Advisers, is the investment adviser to this Fund.
5Delaware Management Company is the investment adviser to this Portfolio.
6DWS Investment Management Americas Inc. is the investment adviser to this Fund.
7Eaton Vance Management is the investment adviser to this Fund.
8Fidelity Management & Research Company LLC is the investment adviser to this Portfolio.
9Franklin Mutual Advisers, LLC is the investment adviser to this Fund.
10Franklin Advisers, Inc. is the investment adviser to this Fund.
11Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. is the investment adviser to this Fund.
12Invesco Advisers, Inc. is the investment adviser to this Fund.
13Janus Capital Management, LLC is the investment adviser to this Fund.
14Lincoln Financial Investments Corporation is the investment adviser to this Fund.
15Lord, Abbett & Co. LLC is the investment adviser to this Fund.
16Massachusetts Financial Services Company is the investment adviser to this Fund.
17MML Investment Advisers, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of MassMutual, is the investment adviser to this Fund. 
18Pacific Investment Management Company LLC is the investment adviser to this Fund.
19T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. is the investment adviser to this Portfolio.
20Templeton Investment Counsel, LLC is the investment adviser to this Fund.
21The Vanguard Group, Inc. is the investment adviser to this Fund.
22Voya Investments, LLC is the investment adviser to this Fund.
23After the close of business on April 26, 2024, Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Fund acquired all the net assets of Invesco V.I.
Conservative Balanced Fund pursuant to a plan of reorganization approved by the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds on September 20,
2023 and by the shareholders of the Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Fund on January 18, 2024. Shares of Invesco V.I. Conservative
Balanced Fund were exchanged for the like class of shares of Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Fund, based on the relative net asset value of
the two funds which resulted in Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Fund receiving 0.89134224 shares of Invesco V.I. Equity and Income
Fund in exchange of 1 share of Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Fund. As a result of the underlying fund merger, the division name
changed from Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Fund to Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Fund.
24This division did not have any investment or unit activity from 2021 to 2025.
25Prior to December 1, 2025, known as Macquarie VIP Asset Strategy Series (Standard Class) (formerly known as the Delaware Ivy VIP
Asset Strategy Fund (Standard Class).
26Prior to December 1, 2025, known as Macquarie VIP Asset Strategy Series (Service Class) (formerly known as the Delaware Ivy VIP
Asset Strategy Fund (Service Class).
27Prior to December 1, 2025, known as Macquarie VIP Emerging Markets Series (formerly known as the Delaware VIP® Emerging
Markets Series Fund).
28Prior to December 1, 2025, known as Macquarie VIP Growth Series.
29Prior to December 1, 2025, known as Macquarie VIP Science and Technology Series (formerly known as the Delaware Ivy VIP Science
and Technology Fund).
30Prior to December 1, 2025, known as Macquarie VIP Small Cap Value Series (formerly known as the Delaware VIP® Small Cap Value
Series Fund).
F-151
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
31Effective April 26, 2024, the American Century VP Capital Appreciation Fund reorganized into the LVIP American Century Capital
Appreciation Fund. As a result of the underlying fund reorganization, the LVIP American Century Capital Appreciation Division was
added as an investment option and assumed the accounting and performance history of the American Century VP Capital Appreciation
Division.
32Effective April 26, 2024, the American Century VP Disciplined Core Value Fund reorganized into the LVIP American Century
Disciplined Core Value Fund. As a result of the underlying fund reorganization, the LVIP American Century Disciplined Core Value
Division was added as an investment option and assumed the accounting and performance history of the American Century VP Disciplined
Core Value Division.
33Effective April 26, 2024, the American Century VP Inflation Protection Fund reorganized into the LVIP American Century Inflation
Protection Fund. As a result of the underlying fund reorganization,  the LVIP American Century Inflation Protection Division was added
as an investment option and assumed the accounting and performance history of the American Century VP Inflation Protection Division.
34Effective April 26, 2024, the American Century VP International Fund reorganized into the LVIP American Century International Fund.
As a result of the underlying fund reorganization, the LVIP American Century International Division was added as an investment option
and assumed the accounting and performance history of the American Century VP International Division.
35Effective April 26, 2024, the American Century Value Division reorganized into the LVIP American Century Value Division. As a result
of the underlying division reorganization, the LVIP American Century VP Value Division was added as an investment option and assumed
the accounting and performance history of the American Century VP Value Division.
36This Division/Fund became available to the Separate Account as an investment option on April 26, 2024.
    37This Division/Fund became available to the Separate Account as an investment option on November 25, 2024.
  38This Division/Fund became available to the Separate Account as an investment option on November 14, 2025.
39This sub-account/division/portfolio did not have any investment or unit activity from 2024 & 2025.
40Prior to November 14, 2025, known as MML Mid Cap Value Fund.
41Prior to November 14, 2025, known as MML Small Cap Equity Fund.
42Prior to November 14, 2025, known as MML Small Company Value Fund.
43Prior to November 14, 2025, known as MML International Equity Fund.
44Prior to November 14, 2025, known as MML Total Return Bond Fund.
45Prior to November 14, 2025, known as MML iShares® 60/40 Allocation Fund.
46Prior to November 14, 2025, known as MML iShares® 80/20 Allocation Fund.
47Prior to November 14, 2025, known as MML Large Cap Growth Fund.
48Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on April 25, 2025, the MML Fundamental Value Fund substituted into the
MML Equity Income Fund.
49Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on April 25, 2025, the MML Equity Rotation Fund substituted into the MML
Large Cap Growth Fund (currently known as the MML Loomis Sayles Large Cap Growth Fund).
50Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on April 25, 2025, the MML Dynamic Bond Fund and MML High Yield Fund
substituted into the MML Managed Bond Fund.
51Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on November 14, 2025, certain assets of the  Invesco V.I. Discovery Large Cap
Fund (formerly known as the Invesco V.I. Capital Appreciation Fund) substituted into the MML Invesco Discovery Large Cap Fund.
52Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on November 14, 2025, certain assets of the Invesco V.I. Discovery Mid Cap
Growth Fund substituted into the MML Invesco Discovery Mid Cap Fund.
53Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on November 14, 2025, the Invesco V.I. Main Street Fund substituted into the
MML Fundamental Equity Fund.
54Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on November 14, 2025, certain assets of the T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Growth
Fund substituted into the MML Mid-Cap Growth Fund.
55Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on November 14, 2025, certain assets of the Invesco V.I. Global Fund
substituted into the MML Global Fund (Class II).
56Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on November 14, 2025, certain assets of the MML Global Fund (Service Class
I) merged into the MML Global Fund (Class II).
57Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on November 14, 2025, the MML Strategic Emerging Markets Fund substituted
into the MML International Equity Fund (currently known as MML MFS International Equity Fund).
F-152
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed by the Separate Account in preparation
of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP).
Massachusetts Mutual Variable Life Separate Account I follows the accounting and reporting guidance in
FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 946, Investment Companies.
 
A.Investment Valuation
Investments in the underlying funds held by each division are carried at fair value which is based on
the closing net asset value of each of the respective underlying funds, which value their investment
securities at fair value.
B.Accounting for Investments
Investment transactions are accounted for on a trade-date basis and identified cost is the basis followed
in determining the cost of investments sold for financial statement purposes. Dividend income and
gains from realized gain distributions are recorded on the ex-distribution date and they are generally
reinvested in the underlying funds.
C.Federal Income Taxes
MassMutual is taxed under federal law as a life insurance company under the provisions of the 1986
Internal Revenue Code, as amended. Under existing federal law, no taxes are payable on net
investment income and net realized capital gains attributable to policies, which depend on the Separate
Account’s investment performance. Accordingly, no provision for federal income tax has been made.
MassMutual may, however, make such a charge in the future if an unanticipated change of current law
results in a tax liability attributable to the Separate Account.
D.Policy Charges
See Note 8B for charges associated with the policies.
E.Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date
of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting
period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
F.Policy Loans
When a policy loan is made, the Separate Account transfers the amount of the loan to MassMutual,
thereby decreasing both the investments and the net assets of the Separate Account by an equal
amount. The policy owner is charged interest on the outstanding policy loan amount generally equal to
either a fixed interest rate of 4% to 6% per year or (in all qualifying jurisdictions) an adjustable loan
rate, where applicable. The adjustable loan rate is determined each year for the following policy year.
As long as a loan is outstanding, a portion of the policy account value equal to the loan is invested in
the GPA. The amount of the loan earns interest at a rate equal to the greater of either a fixed interest
rate generally equal to 2% to 5% of the loan or the policy loan rate less the loan interest rate expense
charge.
G.Life Reserves
Life reserves are developed by using accepted actuarial methods and are computed using the 1980
CSO, 2001 CSO, or 2017 CSO mortality tables.
              H.  Single Reportable Segment
The Separate Account derives revenues from variable life insurance products. MassMutual has
identified the Head of Brand, Product, and Affiliate Distribution and their Team as the chief operating
decision maker (CODM) for overseeing the products and the performance of the underlying funds to
evaluate the results of the business and make operational decisions. The Separate Account’s products
constitute as a single operating segment and therefore, a single reportable segment. Separate Accounts
are structured with a limited purpose by design and their sole purpose, which records and reports the
invested funds and activities and performance chosen by contract/policy holders. Investment
performance of funds may vary based on the underlying fund’s investment objectives specified in the
fund prospectuses. The accounting policies used to measure the profit and loss of the segment are the
same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies herein.
F-153
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
4. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”)
defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly
transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Separate
Account generally uses the market approach as the valuation technique due to the nature of the mutual fund
investments offered in the Separate Account. This technique maximizes the use of observable inputs and
minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. Investments in mutual funds are valued at the mutual fund’s closing
net asset value per share on the day of valuation.
Valuation Inputs: Various inputs are used to determine the value of the Separate Account’s investments. These
inputs are summarized in the three broad levels listed below:
Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical securities
Level 2 – observable inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices (including, but not limited to, quoted
prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds and credit risk)
Level 3 – unobservable inputs
The investments of the Separate Account are measured at fair value. All the investments are categorized as
Level 1 as of December 31, 2025. There have been no transfers between levels for the year ended December 31,
2025.
5. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A.Sales Agreements
The policies currently being offered are sold by registered representatives of MML Investors Services, LLC
(“MMLIS”), a subsidiary of MassMutual, and by registered representatives of other broker-dealers who have
entered into distribution agreements with MML Distributors, LLC (“MML Distributors”) and/or MML
Strategic Distributors, LLC (“MSD”), subsidiaries of MassMutual. Pursuant to separate underwriting
agreements with MassMutual, on its own behalf and on behalf of the Separate Account, MMLIS serves as
principal underwriter of the policies sold by its registered representatives, and MML Distributors and MSD
serve as principal underwriters of the policies sold by registered representatives of other broker-dealers who
have entered into distribution agreements with MML Distributors and/or MSD.
MMLIS, MML Distributors and MSD are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
“SEC”) as broker-dealers under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are members of the Financial
Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”). Commissions for sales of policies by MMLIS registered
representatives are paid on behalf of MMLIS to its registered representatives. Commissions for sales of
policies by registered representatives of other broker-dealers are paid on behalf of MML Distributors and/or
MSD to those broker-dealers. MMLIS, MML Distributors, and MSD also receive compensation for their
actions as principal underwriters of the policies.
B.Receivable from/Payable to MassMutual
Certain fees such as mortality and expense fees are charges paid between the General Account and the
Separate Account. The General Account is not registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act.
F-154
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
6. PURCHASES AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS
The cost of purchases and proceeds from sales of investments for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31,2025 were as follows:
American Funds
American Funds
American Funds
Insurance Series®
Insurance Series®
American Funds
American Funds
Insurance Series®
BlackRock
BlackRock
Asset
Global Small
Insurance Series®
Insurance Series®
Washington
High Yield
Small Cap Index
Allocation
Capitalization
Growth-Income
New World
Mutual Investors
V.I.
V.I.
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025
(Class I)
Cost of purchases
$3,852,744
$214
$10,623,151
$28,206
$157,329
$2,394,013
$555,381
Proceeds from sales
(2,439,395)
(82)
(4,825,972)
(16,433)
(1,516)
(381,733)
(259,849)
Columbia
BlackRock
BlackRock
BNY Mellon
Variable Portfolio -
DWS
Eaton Vance VT
Fidelity®
Small Cap Index
Total Return
MidCap
Contrarian
Small Cap
Floating-Rate
VIP
V.I.
V.I.
Stock
Core
Index
Income
Bond Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Class III)
(Initial Class)
Cost of purchases
$1,175,715
$1,329,707
$100,842
$7,909
$1,054,077
$106,961
$922,884
Proceeds from sales
(995,338)
(1,618,680)
(709,101)
(2,645)
(977,788)
(35,535)
(320,099)
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Extended
Extended
VIP
VIP
VIP
Contrafund®
Contrafund®
Market Index
Market Index
Freedom 2020
Freedom 2025
Freedom 2030
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
Cost of purchases
$28,055,734
$2,152,014
$330,537
$608,694
$500,672
$1,704,825
$2,858,836
Proceeds from sales
(15,343,366)
(801,854)
(192,690)
(867,513)
(196,440)
(795,880)
(743,435)
F-155
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
6. PURCHASES AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS (Continued)
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
Freedom
Freedom 2035
Freedom 2040
Freedom 2045
Freedom 2050
Freedom 2055
Freedom 2060
Income
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$1,197,342
$1,855,797
$490,340
$532,938
$8,844
$288,488
$562,688
Proceeds from sales
(627,896)
(1,032,052)
(245,733)
(229,253)
(1,431)
(273,209)
(671,691)
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
International
International
VIP
VIP
Growth
Health Care
Index 500
Index
Index
Overseas
Real Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
(Initial Class)
Cost of purchases
$4,959,713
$68,049
$3,158,552
$886,928
$748,111
$296,949
$133,412
Proceeds from sales
(815,423)
(28,334)
(2,443,091)
(92,221)
(735,663)
(141,520)
(124,278)
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Franklin Mutual
Franklin
Franklin
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
Global
Small Cap
Strategic
VIP
Strategic
Total Market
Total Market
Discovery
Value
Income
Real Estate
Income
Index
Index
VIP
VIP
VIP
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
Cost of purchases
$293,136
$7,071
$4,209,981
$23,120
$4,304
$2,440,549
$1,972
Proceeds from sales
(258,992)
(3,059)
(937,023)
(238,599)
(4,401)
(2,528,895)
(285)
F-156
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
6. PURCHASES AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS (Continued)
Goldman
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Sachs
International
Sachs
Sachs
Small Cap
Sachs
Sachs
Core Fixed
Equity
Large Cap
Mid Cap
Equity
Strategic
U.S. Equity
Income
Insights
Value
Value
Insights
Growth
Insights
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$356,821
$1,024,392
$688
$2,166,266
$10,499
$2,671,001
$28,257
Proceeds from sales
(369,214)
(133,147)
(146)
(737,308)
(1,083)
(2,331,733)
(30,262)
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
American
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Discovery
Discovery
Diversified
Invesco V.I.
Franchise
Comstock
Core Plus Bond
Large Cap
Mid Cap Growth
Dividend
Equity & Income
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$2,520,734
$35,521
$5,891,758
$15,232,887
$8,011,970
$624,467
$122,904
Proceeds from sales
(1,986,879)
(2,021)
(11,541,391)
(107,069,707)
(68,361,596)
(430,911)
(140,217)
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
EQV International
Invesco V.I.
Global Real
Global
Invesco V.I.
International
Invesco V.I.
Equity
Global
Estate
Strategic Income
Health Care
Growth
Main Street
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$152,811
$22,305,478
$47,940
$3,226,724
$611,025
$5,710,520
$3,224,456
Proceeds from sales
(109,282)
(110,656,688)
(48,090)
(4,955,274)
(465,188)
(7,044,840)
(44,232,359)
F-157
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
6. PURCHASES AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS (Continued)
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Janus
Janus
Janus
Main Street
Small Cap
Invesco V.I.
U.S. Government
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Small Cap
Equity
Technology
Money
Balanced
Balanced
Enterprise
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
Cost of purchases
$214,572
$552
$2,094,289
$223,685
$75
$432,522
$4,259
Proceeds from sales
(2,257,776)
(173)
(1,225,122)
(661,374)
(89)
(694,828)
(1,915)
Janus Henderson
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Global
Janus
Lord Abbett
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Technology and
Henderson
Developing
Forty
Forty
Global Research
Global Research
Innovation
Overseas
Growth
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
Cost of purchases
$4,329,854
$125,705
$3,277,327
$82,771
$853,422
$278
$3,050
Proceeds from sales
(3,181,020)
(41,176)
(2,166,972)
(10,511)
(248,062)
(123)
(2,015)
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP American
Lord Abbett
Century
Century
Century
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP
Mid Cap
Capital
Disciplined
Inflation
Century
Century
JPMorgan
Stock
Appreciation
Core Value
Protection
International
Value
U.S. Equity
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$281,959
$964,703
$1,076,465
$139,018
$558,745
$2,212,870
$506,864
Proceeds from sales
(215,942)
(235,990)
(4,110,775)
(62,001)
(1,236,442)
(1,413,197)
(20,055)
F-158
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
6. PURCHASES AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS (Continued)
MFS® Blended
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
Research®
Global
Government
MFS®
International
Investors
Mid Cap
Core Equity
Real Estate
Securities
Growth
Intrinsic Value
Trust
Value
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$12,954
$114,060
$957
$612,041
$605,792
$433,899
$1,236,921
Proceeds from sales
(9,561)
(4,225)
(900)
(282,973)
(101,268)
(79,082)
(720,562)
MML
MML
MFS®
MML
American Century
American Century
New
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
Aggressive
Mid Cap
Small
Discovery
Research
Utilities
Value
Allocation
Value
Company Value
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$119,308
$263,915
$2,063
$1,520,759
$1,997,043
$1,159,096
$54,459
Proceeds from sales
(894,261)
(37,525)
(753)
(2,097,079)
(1,222,996)
(1,375,241)
(65,909)
MML
American Funds
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Core
American Funds
Balanced
BlackRock
BlackRock
MML
Blue Chip
Allocation
Growth
Allocation
iShares® 60/40
iShares® 80/20
Blend
Growth
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$2,499,538
$2,008,148
$663,214
$50,795
$485,201
$3,114,598
$9,112,708
Proceeds from sales
(3,370,880)
(1,587,112)
(378,737)
(48,871)
(38,542)
(2,972,456)
(8,466,006)
F-159
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
6. PURCHASES AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS (Continued)
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Conservative
Dynamic
MML
Equity
Equity
Equity
Equity
Allocation
Bond
Equity
Income
Index
Index
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Class II)
(Class III)
(Service Class I)
Cost of purchases
$506,915
$68,936
$21,815,269
$2,267,526
$29,801,767
$8,647,747
$3,311,124
Proceeds from sales
(683,985)
(258,723)
(10,124,672)
(1,341,878)
(21,713,399)
(2,133,796)
(2,492,165)
MML
MML
Fidelity
MML
MML
MML
Equity
Institutional AM®
Focused
MML
Fundamental
Fundamental
MML
Rotation
Core Plus Bond
Equity
Foreign
Equity
Value
Global
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Class II)
Cost of purchases
$1,753
$1,183,822
$290,669
$838,515
$41,687,822
$1,812,650
$100,794,891
Proceeds from sales
(46,269)
(1,856,907)
(169,216)
(264,003)
(823,974)
(2,055,955)
(1,764,064)
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML Inflation-
Invesco
Invesco
MML
Growth
High
Income
Protected
Discovery
Discovery
Global
Allocation
Yield
& Growth
and Income
Large Cap
Mid Cap
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Service Class I)
Cost of purchases
$68,202
$2,103,323
$46,392
$1,339,928
$928,123
$98,116,212
$61,978,242
Proceeds from sales
(422,783)
(1,542,951)
(384,170)
(927,475)
(691,091)
(1,067,604)
(683,763)
F-160
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
6. PURCHASES AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS (Continued)
MML
MML
MML
Invesco
Loomis Sayles
MML
MML
MFS
MML
MML
Small Cap
Large Cap
Managed
Managed
International
Mid Cap
Moderate
Equity
Growth
Bond
Volatility
Equity
Growth
Allocation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$7,801,241
$1,422,151
$6,908,895
$3,402,630
$719,197
$56,117,132
$648,599
Proceeds from sales
(2,860,195)
(1,529,698)
(2,298,096)
(940,494)
(320,639)
(2,751,834)
(1,428,587)
MML
MML
MML
MML Strategic
MML
MML
Nomura
Short-Duration
Small Cap
Small/Mid Cap
Emerging
Sustainable
U.S. Government
VIP Asset
Bond
Growth Equity
Value
Markets
Equity
Money Market
Strategy
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Standard Class)
Cost of purchases
$592,864
$1,764,718
$1,973,166
$33,604
$674,341
$21,358,935
$17,885
Proceeds from sales
(450,865)
(2,267,424)
(360,244)
(297,311)
(387,778)
(20,786,681)
(12,280)
PIMCO
Nomura
Nomura
Nomura
Nomura
Commodity-
PIMCO
VIP Asset
VIP Emerging
VIP Science
VIP Small Cap
RealReturn®
Global Bond
PIMCO
Strategy
Markets
and Technology
Value
Strategy
Opportunities
High Yield
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Service Class)
Cost of purchases
$12,875
$860,432
$17,133
$808,327
$268,481
$36,001
$12,710
Proceeds from sales
(1,534)
(278,116)
(19,164)
(1,186,940)
(238,905)
(11,160)
(2,250)
F-161
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
6. PURCHASES AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS (Continued)
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
PIMCO
PIMCO
PIMCO
All-Cap
Blue Chip
T. Rowe Price
Limited-Term
Income
Real Return
Total Return
Opportunities
Growth
Equity Income
Bond
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$110,371
$28,674
$329,596
$846,340
$3,733,238
$3,537,999
$51,336
Proceeds from sales
(13,978)
(29,375)
(236,319)
(944,047)
(1,414,299)
(1,814,277)
(65,019)
Vest
T. Rowe Price
Templeton
Templeton
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
US Large Cap
Mid-Cap
Foreign
Global
Global Bond
Mid Cap
Real Estate
10% Buffer
Growth
VIP
Bond VIP
Index
Index
Index
Strategies VI
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$1,763,253
$1,880,198
$1,266
$272,883
$751,016
$382,164
$1,740
Proceeds from sales
(59,368,335)
(2,118,809)
(2,573)
(78,589)
(211,746)
(196,415)
(2,307)
Voya
Voya
Voya
VY® CBRE
International
Russell™
Russell™
Global
Index
Mid Cap Index
Small Cap Index
Real Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$306,096
$1,526,110
$1,710,715
$184,826
Proceeds from sales
(285,298)
(2,582,455)
(1,785,991)
(229,902)
F-162
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
6. PURCHASES AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS (Continued)
American Funds
Insurance Series®
American Funds
BlackRock
BlackRock
BlackRock
BlackRock
BNY Mellon
Asset
Insurance Series®
High Yield
Small Cap Index
Small Cap Index
Total Return
MidCap
Allocation
Growth-Income
V.I.
V.I.
V.I.
V.I.
Stock
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024
(Class I)
(Class III)
Cost of purchases
$2,787,026
$3,754,128
$73,890
$310,691
$25,011
$1,516,243
$273,274
Proceeds from sales
(1,815,077)
(4,360,117)
(73,023)
(79,947)
(15,673)
(221,848)
(10,285)
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
DWS
Eaton Vance VT
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Small Cap
Floating-Rate
VIP
VIP
VIP
Extended
Extended
Index
Income
Bond Index
Contrafund®
Contrafund®
Market Index
Market Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
(Initial Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
Cost of purchases
$801,885
$37,514
$191,148
$20,238,758
$1,489,009
$147,179
$946,849
Proceeds from sales
(785,343)
(29,157)
(84,939)
(10,200,977)
(754,496)
(40,092)
(431,478)
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
Freedom 2020
Freedom 2025
Freedom 2030
Freedom 2035
Freedom 2040
Freedom 2045
Freedom 2050
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$122,079
$814,146
$2,134,177
$1,164,197
$201,896
$293,993
$433,904
Proceeds from sales
(170,495)
(1,742,950)
(2,130,549)
(942,403)
(118,223)
(130,107)
(657,351)
F-163
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
6. PURCHASES AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS (Continued)
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
Freedom
VIP
VIP
VIP
International
Freedom 2055
Freedom 2060
Income
Growth
Health Care
Index 500
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
(Initial Class)
Cost of purchases
$37,317
$306,558
$714,361
$1,585,538
$48,005
$2,884,852
$235,804
Proceeds from sales
(31,328)
(35,756)
(27,985)
(1,878,140)
(6,041)
(1,765,497)
(61,315)
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
International
VIP
VIP
VIP
Strategic
Total Market
Total Market
Index
Overseas
Real Estate
Real Estate
Income
Index
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
(Service Class 2)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
Cost of purchases
$399,667
$143,147
$574
$183,036
$103,262
$1,615,610
$357,105
Proceeds from sales
(344,014)
(9,588)
(340)
(86,092)
(44,705)
(224,262)
(177,130)
Franklin Mutual
Franklin
Franklin
Goldman
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Global
Small Cap
Strategic
Sachs
International
Sachs
Sachs
Discovery
Value
Income
Core Fixed
Equity
Large Cap
Mid Cap
VIP
VIP
VIP
Income
Insights
Value
Value
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$2,664
$1,222,830
$1,840
$518,451
$190,213
$588
$468,373
Proceeds from sales
(1,232)
(1,086,211)
(316)
(602,287)
(290,928)
(128)
(84,177)
F-164
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
6. PURCHASES AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS (Continued)
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Invesco
Small Cap
Sachs
Sachs
Oppenheimer V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Equity
Strategic
U.S. Equity
International
American
Capital
Invesco V.I.
Insights
Growth
Insights
Growth
Franchise
Appreciation
Comstock
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$15,746
$1,329,551
$29,740
$5,053,477
$1,858,350
$1,583,524
$22,606
Proceeds from sales
(968)
(1,731,139)
(5,722)
(2,677,609)
(1,007,067)
(9,255,045)
(1,709)
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Discovery
Diversified
Invesco V.I.
EQV International
Invesco V.I.
Global Real
Core Plus Bond
Mid Cap Growth
Dividend
Equity & Income
Equity
Global
Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$1,690,757
$3,933,502
$532,998
$1,397,413
$22,436
$9,270,056
$111,816
Proceeds from sales
(771,599)
(7,205,607)
(380,040)
(1,518,666)
(12,010)
(9,146,802)
(172,096)
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Global
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Main Street
Small Cap
Invesco V.I.
U.S. Government
Strategic Income
Health Care
Main Street
Small Cap
Equity
Technology
Money
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$2,617,638
$306,591
$4,725,273
$357,919
$636
$1,426,922
$455,753
Proceeds from sales
(1,912,471)
(514,214)
(3,872,202)
(262,755)
(351)
(773,783)
(905,777)
F-165
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
6. PURCHASES AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS (Continued)
Janus Henderson
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Global
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Technology and
Balanced
Balanced
Forty
Forty
Global Research
Global Research
Innovation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
Cost of purchases
$28
$294,602
$2,810,720
$240,712
$1,475,342
$66,889
$46,560
Proceeds from sales
(100)
(569,359)
(2,901,884)
(120,897)
(1,461,560)
(160,837)
(3,559)
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP American
Lord Abbett
Century
Century
Century
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP
Developing
Capital
Disciplined
Inflation
Century
Century
JPMorgan
Growth
Appreciation
Core Value
Protection
International
Value
U.S. Equity
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$2,154
$1,802,025
$1,271,180
$41,362
$284,364
$1,988,704
$515,592
Proceeds from sales
(137,520)
(752,295)
(2,828,584)
(31,986)
(18,429)
(1,116,820)
(135,100)
Macquarie
Macquarie
Macquarie
Macquarie
Macquarie
MFS® Blended
MFS®
VIP Asset
VIP Asset
VIP Emerging
VIP Science
VIP Small Cap
Research®
Global
Strategy
Strategy
Markets
and Technology
Value
Core Equity
Real Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
(Standard Class)
(Service Class)
Cost of purchases
$10,299
$15,197
$376,197
$536
$949,474
$21,668
$160,182
Proceeds from sales
(4,571)
(16,344)
(146,348)
(1,963)
(737,138)
(452,885)
(4,329)
F-166
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
6. PURCHASES AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS (Continued)
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
Government
MFS®
International
Investors
Mid Cap
New
MFS®
Securities
Growth
Intrinsic Value
Trust
Value
Discovery
Research
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$933
$345,613
$597,288
$108,386
$1,067,774
$166,123
$91,919
Proceeds from sales
(698)
(474,173)
(163,672)
(47,362)
(599,850)
(451,130)
(90,575)
MML
MML
American Funds
MML
MML
MFS®
MFS®
Aggressive
Core
American Funds
Balanced
MML
Utilities
Value
Allocation
Allocation
Growth
Allocation
Blend
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$9,165
$1,324,647
$2,192,086
$214,885
$1,629,173
$1,121,880
$2,133,121
Proceeds from sales
(599)
(156,013)
(1,333,751)
(272,299)
(821,367)
(1,929,662)
(3,529,049)
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Blue Chip
Conservative
Dynamic
MML
Equity
Equity
Equity
Growth
Allocation
Bond
Equity
Income
Index
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
(Service Class I)
(Class II)
Cost of purchases
$6,412,262
$594,995
$102,208
$7,049,187
$928,901
$1,999,094
$12,281,168
Proceeds from sales
(6,472,864)
(372,512)
(77,795)
(8,413,929)
(1,755,479)
(2,201,154)
(13,162,857)
F-167
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
6. PURCHASES AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS (Continued)
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Equity
Equity
Focused
MML
Fundamental
Fundamental
MML
Index
Rotation
Equity
Foreign
Equity
Value
Global
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
(Class III)
(Service Class I)
Cost of purchases
$2,725,354
$89,787
$260,141
$302,506
$629,272
$818,995
$42,319
Proceeds from sales
(350,715)
(43,299)
(171,601)
(197,490)
(19,403)
(57,792)
(6,478)
MML
MML
MML
MML Inflation-
MML
MML
MML
Growth
High
Income
Protected
International
iShares® 60/40
Global
Allocation
Yield
& Growth
and Income
Equity
Allocation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
(Class II)
Cost of purchases
$291,171
$1,374,071
$225,220
$1,202,602
$770,557
$292,957
$84,959
Proceeds from sales
(220,018)
(1,069,456)
(115,446)
(1,559,835)
(497,830)
(20,956)
(13,616)
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
iShares® 80/20
Large Cap
Managed
Managed
Mid Cap
Mid Cap
Moderate
Allocation
Growth
Bond
Volatility
Growth
Value
Allocation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$96,062
$1,792,868
$2,484,415
$745,012
$1,888,523
$1,120,781
$697,899
Proceeds from sales
(22,700)
(819,161)
(2,588,042)
(870,354)
(1,132,351)
(659,818)
(691,253)
F-168
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
6. PURCHASES AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS (Continued)
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML Strategic
MML
Short-Duration
Small Cap
Small Cap
Small Company
Small/Mid Cap
Emerging
Sustainable
Bond
Equity
Growth Equity
Value
Value
Markets
Equity
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$389,349
$4,398,581
$3,825,451
$41,176
$768,706
$62,911
$581,494
Proceeds from sales
(311,283)
(2,780,095)
(4,369,369)
(214,369)
(539,800)
(24,479)
(497,283)
PIMCO
MML
MML
Commodity-
PIMCO
Total Return
U.S. Government
RealReturn®
Global Bond
PIMCO
PIMCO
PIMCO
Bond
Money Market
Strategy
Opportunities
High Yield
Income
Real Return
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$2,100,475
$18,834,411
$197,835
$24,761
$11,264
$16,972
$26,240
Proceeds from sales
(1,010,545)
(16,928,339)
(195,331)
(12,507)
(2,135)
(7,155)
(26,370)
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
Templeton
PIMCO
All-Cap
Blue Chip
T. Rowe Price
Limited-Term
Mid-Cap
Foreign
Total Return
Opportunities
Growth
Equity Income
Bond
Growth
VIP
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$186,961
$706,879
$2,426,538
$2,689,379
$2,914
$7,343,099
$1,372,043
Proceeds from sales
(155,090)
(264,480)
(1,909,399)
(1,764,463)
(7,948)
(5,464,702)
(861,323)
F-169
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
6. PURCHASES AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS (Continued)
Vest
Templeton
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
US Large Cap
Voya
Voya
Global
Global Bond
Mid Cap
Real Estate
10% Buffer
International
Russell™
Bond VIP
Index
Index
Index
Strategies V.I.
Index
Mid Cap Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$15,349
$144,348
$521,973
$156,048
$532
$453,644
$1,313,225
Proceeds from sales
(1,675)
(101,704)
(238,205)
(48,117)
(99)
(578,261)
(1,057,931)
Voya
VY® CBRE
Russell™
Global
Small Cap Index
Real Estate
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Cost of purchases
$782,475
$164,280
Proceeds from sales
(657,362)
(178,370)
F-170
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS
The changes in outstanding units for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2025 were as follows:
American Funds
American Funds
American Funds
Insurance Series®
Insurance Series®
American Funds
American Funds
Insurance Series®
BlackRock
BlackRock
Asset
Global Small
Insurance Series®
Insurance Series®
Washington
High Yield
Small Cap Index
Allocation
Capitalization
Growth-Income
New World
Mutual Investors
V.I.
V.I.
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025
(Class I)
Units purchased
198,435
217
245,932
6,988
37,540
732
293,529
Units withdrawn
(558,841)
(91)
(743,955)
(231)
(1,511)
(11,568)
(156,377)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
127,849
(14,392)
3,610
102,719
1,316,322
73,119
Net increase (decrease)
(232,557)
126
(512,415)
10,367
138,748
1,305,486
210,271
Columbia
BlackRock
BlackRock
BNY Mellon
Variable Portfolio -
DWS
Eaton Vance VT
Fidelity®
Small Cap Index
Total Return
MidCap
Contrarian
Small Cap
Floating-Rate
VIP
V.I.
V.I.
Stock
Core
Index
Income
Bond Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Class III)
(Initial Class)
Units purchased
24,268
169,509
21,438
5,830
95,946
3,231
677,805
Units withdrawn
(3,873)
(17,840)
(2,912)
(3,248)
(188,992)
(746)
(120,871)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
167,017
(469,761)
(405,313)
2,103
(40,831)
45,842
4,454
Net increase (decrease)
187,412
(318,092)
(386,787)
4,685
(133,877)
48,327
561,388
F-171
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Extended
Extended
VIP
VIP
VIP
Contrafund®
Contrafund®
Market Index
Market Index
Freedom 2020
Freedom 2025
Freedom 2030
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
Units purchased
1,163,427
23,719
155,185
99,962
202,946
181,751
Units withdrawn
(1,782,751)
(93,666)
(72,180)
(10,350)
(4,108)
(8,848)
(25,923)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
57,530
23,114
16,801
(236,503)
77,799
312,000
933,640
Net increase (decrease)
(561,794)
(46,833)
99,806
(246,853)
173,653
506,098
1,089,468
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
Freedom
Freedom 2035
Freedom 2040
Freedom 2045
Freedom 2050
Freedom 2055
Freedom 2060
Income
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Units purchased
170,871
107,553
130,596
125,562
1,639
6,600
Units withdrawn
(15,929)
(4,794)
(3,317)
(2,100)
(108)
(3,233)
(7,742)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
43,402
264,962
40,483
5,743
3,685
(7,730)
(108,738)
Net increase (decrease)
198,344
367,721
167,762
129,205
5,216
(4,363)
(116,480)
F-172
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
International
International
VIP
VIP
Growth
Health Care
Index 500
Index
Index
Overseas
Real Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
(Initial Class)
Units purchased
148,799
40,192
24,065
287,027
20,411
48,190
4,846
Units withdrawn
(19,949)
(30,802)
(31,882)
(123,527)
(5,313)
(12,246)
(2,792)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
874,421
27,252
432,735
412,600
(21,560)
72,829
2,094
Net increase (decrease)
1,003,271
36,642
424,918
576,100
(6,462)
108,773
4,148
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Franklin Mutual
Franklin
Franklin
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
Global
Small Cap
Strategic
VIP
Strategic
Total Market
Total Market
Discovery
Value
Income
Real Estate
Income
Index
Index
VIP
VIP
VIP
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
Units purchased
21,275
4,438
2,987,162
17,293
268,187
886
Units withdrawn
(4,538)
(3,018)
(492,363)
(2,460)
(537)
(251,533)
(110)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
6,729
312
83,848
(156,325)
166
(725,650)
488
Net increase (decrease)
23,466
1,732
2,578,647
(141,492)
(371)
(708,996)
1,264
F-173
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
Goldman
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Sachs
International
Sachs
Sachs
Small Cap
Sachs
Sachs
Core Fixed
Equity
Large Cap
Mid Cap
Equity
Strategic
U.S. Equity
Income
Insights
Value
Value
Insights
Growth
Insights
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Units purchased
24,852
125,412
31
2,174
1,484
35,134
Units withdrawn
(11,803)
(6,444)
(28)
(67,364)
(588)
(97,217)
(5,123)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
(50,359)
310,753
887,738
(122,888)
Net increase (decrease)
(37,310)
429,721
3
822,548
896
(184,971)
(5,123)
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
American
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Discovery
Discovery
Diversified
Invesco V.I.
Franchise
Comstock
Core Plus Bond
Large Cap
Mid Cap Growth
Dividend
Equity & Income
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Units purchased
6,665
397,986
368,634
450,401
49,114
9,339
Units withdrawn
(7,281)
(856)
(4,264,335)
(1,039,320)
(992,659)
(97,589)
(45,685)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
132,319
(12,418)
(12,581,629)
(10,608,123)
23,244
622
Net increase (decrease)
125,038
5,809
(3,878,767)
(13,252,315)
(11,150,381)
(25,231)
(35,724)
F-174
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
EQV International
Invesco V.I.
Global Real
Global
Invesco V.I.
International
Invesco V.I.
Equity
Global
Estate
Strategic Income
Health Care
Growth
Main Street
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Units purchased
500,950
43,682
674,969
58,678
451,126
229,186
Units withdrawn
(480)
(1,306,035)
(1,906,779)
(71,763)
(1,728,666)
(540,646)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
25,762
(13,684,036)
(43,682)
(99,859)
7,092
234,179
(6,414,274)
Net increase (decrease)
25,282
(14,489,121)
(1,331,669)
(5,993)
(1,043,361)
(6,725,734)
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Janus
Janus
Janus
Main Street
Small Cap
Invesco V.I.
U.S. Government
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Small Cap
Equity
Technology
Money
Balanced
Balanced
Enterprise
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
Units purchased
2,873
193
56,948
21,809
38,046
Units withdrawn
(230,274)
(10)
(96,545)
(239,046)
(17)
(138,736)
(505)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
(3,531)
(3)
(1,787)
(154,021)
(6,227)
2,790
Net increase (decrease)
(230,932)
180
(41,384)
(371,258)
(17)
(106,917)
2,285
F-175
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
Janus Henderson
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Global
Janus
Lord Abbett
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Technology and
Henderson
Developing
Forty
Forty
Global Research
Global Research
Innovation
Overseas
Growth
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
Units purchased
67,276
1,152
134,500
1,002
221,890
196
1,190
Units withdrawn
(306,448)
(3,260)
(576,084)
(2,088)
(62,043)
(106)
(889)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
(45,527)
2,798
(91,801)
9,382
248,816
36
Net increase (decrease)
(284,699)
690
(533,385)
8,296
408,663
126
301
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP American
Lord Abbett
Century
Century
Century
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP
Mid Cap
Capital
Disciplined
Inflation
Century
Century
JPMorgan
Stock
Appreciation
Core Value
Protection
International
Value
U.S. Equity
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Units purchased
3,608
174,086
268,044
106,768
125,247
141,874
Units withdrawn
(164)
(15,697)
(848,150)
(1,186)
(9,122)
(287,355)
(7,295)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
34,656
(52,995)
(195,008)
58,202
(510,857)
(3,504)
Net increase (decrease)
38,100
105,394
(775,114)
57,016
(413,211)
(165,612)
134,579
F-176
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
MFS® Blended
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
Research®
Global
Government
MFS®
International
Investors
Mid Cap
Core Equity
Real Estate
Securities
Growth
Intrinsic Value
Trust
Value
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Units purchased
75,614
18
11,400
226,922
5,141
163,442
Units withdrawn
(109)
(3,285)
(128)
(36,702)
(11,563)
(11,350)
(7,925)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
431
45
130
3,348
(21,664)
(1,653)
48,150
Net increase (decrease)
322
72,374
20
(21,954)
193,695
(7,862)
203,667
MML
MML
MFS®
MML
American Century
American Century
New
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
Aggressive
Mid Cap
Small
Discovery
Research
Utilities
Value
Allocation
Value
Company Value
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Units purchased
35,402
1,712
298,406
837,198
149,577
41,969
Units withdrawn
(122,563)
(6,137)
(399)
(29,300)
(432,859)
(103,721)
(40,068)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
(7,518)
84
(867,434)
(12,345)
(277,393)
2,594
Net increase (decrease)
(94,679)
(4,341)
(399)
(598,328)
391,994
(231,537)
4,495
F-177
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
MML
American Funds
MML
MML
MML
MML
Core
American Funds
Balanced
BlackRock
BlackRock
MML
Blue Chip
Allocation
Growth
Allocation
iShares® 60/40
iShares® 80/20
Blend
Growth
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Units purchased
313,156
918,962
374,859
47,462
143,131
369,412
613,414
Units withdrawn
(60,921)
(547,232)
(239,301)
(51,757)
(45,229)
(613,216)
(626,012)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
(944,116)
(110,343)
(8,472)
6,125
292,057
111,100
(804,335)
Net increase (decrease)
(691,881)
261,387
127,086
1,830
389,959
(132,704)
(816,933)
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Conservative
Dynamic
MML
Equity
Equity
Equity
Equity
Allocation
Bond
Equity
Income
Index
Index
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Class II)
(Class III)
(Service Class I)
Units purchased
72,651
12,347
791,054
132,743
369,434
1,784,320
84,067
Units withdrawn
(252,610)
(1,719)
(1,490,626)
(109,600)
(2,741,141)
(870,988)
(52,382)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
53,717
(205,834)
643,309
352,359
55,412
2,613,812
(198,851)
Net increase (decrease)
(126,242)
(195,206)
(56,263)
375,502
(2,316,295)
3,527,144
(167,166)
F-178
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
MML
MML
Fidelity
MML
MML
MML
Equity
Institutional AM®
Focused
MML
Fundamental
Fundamental
MML
Rotation
Core Plus Bond
Equity
Foreign
Equity
Value
Global
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Class II)
Units purchased
421
209,206
31,683
84,108
252,483
11,558
633,066
Units withdrawn
(586)
(80,459)
(17,472)
(41,491)
(347,940)
(5,454)
(1,094,347)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
(40,746)
(766,924)
9,052
280,495
40,720,995
(471,286)
96,711,185
Net increase (decrease)
(40,911)
(638,177)
23,263
323,112
40,625,538
(465,182)
96,249,904
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML Inflation-
Invesco
Invesco
MML
Growth
High
Income
Protected
Discovery
Discovery
Global
Allocation
Yield
& Growth
and Income
Large Cap
Mid Cap
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Service Class I)
Units purchased
40,755
492,156
17,886
326,279
232,768
399,523
303,028
Units withdrawn
(1,485)
(267,234)
(22,448)
(40,050)
(401,964)
(923,252)
(724,970)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
(231,374)
(44,379)
(286,269)
(218,937)
155,714
97,626,529
61,754,657
Net increase (decrease)
(192,104)
180,543
(290,831)
67,292
(13,482)
97,102,800
61,332,715
F-179
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
MML
MML
MML
Invesco
Loomis Sayles
MML
MML
MFS
MML
MML
Small Cap
Large Cap
Managed
Managed
International
Mid Cap
Moderate
Equity
Growth
Bond
Volatility
Equity
Growth
Allocation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Units purchased
548,951
252,677
901,178
231,514
65,526
500,493
108,583
Units withdrawn
(568,001)
(103,272)
(984,860)
(366,204)
(42,177)
(635,936)
(379,212)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
88,959
(131,232)
3,006,850
(25,034)
269,258
53,037,466
(8,444)
Net increase (decrease)
69,909
18,173
2,923,168
(159,724)
292,607
52,902,023
(279,073)
MML
MML
MML
MML Strategic
MML
MML
Nomura
Short-Duration
Small Cap
Small/Mid Cap
Emerging
Sustainable
U.S. Government
VIP Asset
Bond
Growth Equity
Value
Markets
Equity
Money Market
Strategy
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Standard Class)
Units purchased
15,956
377,647
64,374
22,358
72,966
9,076,619
10,320
Units withdrawn
(14,229)
(277,154)
(51,159)
(11,319)
(56,177)
(4,751,496)
(9,520)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
98,186
(100,871)
792,143
(324,979)
17,211
(4,685,614)
1,069
Net increase (decrease)
99,913
(378)
805,358
(313,940)
34,000
(360,491)
1,869
F-180
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
PIMCO
Nomura
Nomura
Nomura
Nomura
Commodity-
PIMCO
VIP Asset
VIP Emerging
VIP Science
VIP Small Cap
RealReturn®
Global Bond
PIMCO
Strategy
Markets
and Technology
Value
Strategy
Opportunities
High Yield
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
(Service Class)
Units purchased
830
125,363
87,191
85,613
11,330
771
Units withdrawn
(862)
(9,456)
(1,381)
(6,961)
(69,266)
(4,102)
(1,661)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
252,814
(15)
(371,550)
(5,099)
5,551
Net increase (decrease)
(32)
368,721
(1,396)
(291,320)
11,248
12,779
(890)
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
PIMCO
PIMCO
PIMCO
All-Cap
Blue Chip
T. Rowe Price
Limited-Term
Income
Real Return
Total Return
Opportunities
Growth
Equity Income
Bond
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Units purchased
18,094
9,877
342
9,476
52,295
206,209
Units withdrawn
(7,680)
(3,002)
(4,599)
(91,819)
(125,812)
(417,083)
(13,386)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
71,503
(7,970)
77,406
5,721
21,454
(2,694)
(148)
Net increase (decrease)
81,917
(1,095)
73,149
(76,622)
(52,063)
(213,568)
(13,534)
F-181
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
Vest
T. Rowe Price
Templeton
Templeton
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
US Large Cap
Mid-Cap
Foreign
Global
Global Bond
Mid Cap
Real Estate
10% Buffer
Growth
VIP
Bond VIP
Index
Index
Index
Strategies VI
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Units purchased
168,035
290,737
155,226
398,962
150,334
921
Units withdrawn
(668,271)
(455,832)
(1,367)
(70,113)
(167,682)
(67,603)
(263)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
(5,645,681)
(333,582)
(96)
104,308
97,276
52,375
(1,049)
Net increase (decrease)
(6,145,917)
(498,677)
(1,463)
189,421
328,556
135,106
(391)
Voya
Voya
Voya
VY® CBRE
International
Russell™
Russell™
Global
Index
Mid Cap Index
Small Cap Index
Real Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
2025 (Continued)
Units purchased
152,116
231,590
4,084
41,014
Units withdrawn
(22,213)
(23,116)
(15,086)
(48,279)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
(145,769)
(946,551)
(95,822)
(14,684)
Net increase (decrease)
(15,866)
(738,077)
(106,824)
(21,949)
F-182
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
American Funds
Insurance Series®
American Funds
BlackRock
BlackRock
BlackRock
BlackRock
BNY Mellon
Asset
Insurance Series®
High Yield
Small Cap Index
Small Cap Index
Total Return
MidCap
Allocation
Growth-Income
V.I.
V.I.
V.I.
V.I.
Stock
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024
(Class I)
(Class III)
Units purchased
322,107
284,039
14,988
283,842
4,817
80,148
6,555
Units withdrawn
(473,722)
(725,179)
(922)
(137,519)
(961)
(15,611)
(6,209)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
3,654
(75,110)
(16,805)
(10,408)
3,755
1,112,461
159,774
Net increase (decrease)
(147,961)
(516,250)
(2,740)
135,915
7,610
1,176,998
160,120
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
DWS
Eaton Vance VT
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
Small Cap
Floating-Rate
VIP
VIP
VIP
Extended
Extended
Index
Income
Bond Index
Contrafund®
Contrafund®
Market Index
Market Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
Units purchased
103,175
13,708
230,740
1,393,688
24,740
153,544
Units withdrawn
(185,232)
(425)
(95,918)
(1,642,557)
(82,941)
(71,777)
(6,060)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
4,066
(8,625)
(34,592)
(10,483)
3,758
(1,250)
492,921
Net increase (decrease)
(77,991)
4,658
100,230
(259,352)
(54,443)
80,517
486,861
F-183
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
VIP
Freedom 2020
Freedom 2025
Freedom 2030
Freedom 2035
Freedom 2040
Freedom 2045
Freedom 2050
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Units purchased
407
62,776
51,993
161,280
17,728
8,619
34,647
Units withdrawn
(1,717)
(8,359)
(12,165)
(12,766)
(2,255)
(1,206)
(35,745)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
(34,560)
(661,875)
(58,643)
(54,410)
22,849
133,274
(115,500)
Net increase (decrease)
(35,870)
(607,458)
(18,815)
94,104
38,322
140,687
(116,598)
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
Freedom
VIP
VIP
VIP
International
Freedom 2055
Freedom 2060
Income
Growth
Health Care
Index 500
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
(Initial Class)
Units purchased
1,668
8,358
34,562
51,500
328,845
254,748
Units withdrawn
(47)
(546)
(729)
(10,202)
(10,753)
(16,715)
(115,062)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
2,954
208,817
648,021
(190,163)
180
422,428
(4,196)
Net increase (decrease)
4,575
216,629
647,292
(165,803)
40,927
734,558
135,490
F-184
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
Fidelity®
VIP
VIP
VIP
International
VIP
VIP
VIP
Strategic
Total Market
Total Market
Index
Overseas
Real Estate
Real Estate
Income
Index
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
(Service Class 2)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class)
(Initial Class)
(Service Class 2)
Units purchased
8,885
5,381
524
14,894
44,116
1,134,506
5,282
Units withdrawn
(4,868)
(2,599)
(327)
(2,543)
(2,054)
(199,371)
(2,528)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
38,369
78,402
24
53,016
12,063
75,217
138,738
Net increase (decrease)
42,386
81,184
221
65,367
54,125
1,010,352
141,492
Franklin Mutual
Franklin
Franklin
Goldman
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Global
Small Cap
Strategic
Sachs
International
Sachs
Sachs
Discovery
Value
Income
Core Fixed
Equity
Large Cap
Mid Cap
VIP
VIP
VIP
Income
Insights
Value
Value
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Units purchased
297,079
619
26,245
17,627
31
4,445
Units withdrawn
(157)
(234,114)
(86)
(13,395)
(2,903)
(30)
(3,116)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
844
(76,999)
738
(129,256)
(93,861)
127,571
Net increase (decrease)
687
(14,034)
1,271
(116,406)
(79,137)
1
128,900
F-185
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
Goldman Sachs
Goldman
Goldman
Invesco
Small Cap
Sachs
Sachs
Oppenheimer V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Equity
Strategic
U.S. Equity
International
American
Capital
Invesco V.I.
Insights
Growth
Insights
Growth
Franchise
Appreciation
Comstock
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Units purchased
5,110
40,803
579,393
99,409
566,121
5,280
Units withdrawn
(536)
(153,944)
(965)
(618,278)
(2,893)
(1,443,117)
(813)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
(80,620)
243,676
193,801
(142,601)
Net increase (decrease)
4,574
(193,761)
(965)
204,791
290,317
(1,019,597)
4,467
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Discovery
Diversified
Invesco V.I.
EQV International
Invesco V.I.
Global Real
Core Plus Bond
Mid Cap Growth
Dividend
Equity & Income
Equity
Global
Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Units purchased
864,174
843,574
116,278
10,029
856,389
14,253
Units withdrawn
(762,763)
(1,379,024)
(66,793)
(91,588)
(330)
(1,438,035)
(774)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
144,891
41,797
(55,358)
83
7,077
(363,658)
(68,104)
Net increase (decrease)
246,302
(493,653)
(5,873)
(81,476)
6,747
(945,304)
(54,625)
F-186
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Global
Invesco V.I.
Invesco V.I.
Main Street
Small Cap
Invesco V.I.
U.S. Government
Strategic Income
Health Care
Main Street
Small Cap
Equity
Technology
Money
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Units purchased
862,300
56,407
330,538
22,688
231
60,760
17,996
Units withdrawn
(1,098,230)
(94,857)
(771,491)
(24,887)
(11)
(105,386)
(341,406)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
162,467
2,793
(9,574)
(1,479)
(88)
89,443
(98,768)
Net increase (decrease)
(73,463)
(35,657)
(450,527)
(3,678)
132
44,817
(422,178)
Janus Henderson
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Janus
Global
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Technology and
Balanced
Balanced
Forty
Forty
Global Research
Global Research
Innovation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
(Institutional Class)
(Service Class)
Units purchased
50,748
77,529
1,045
152,041
1,379
32,057
Units withdrawn
(20)
(116,602)
(267,676)
(1,972)
(448,157)
(4,913)
(3,962)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
(6,460)
(423)
9,148
(31,916)
(20,589)
3,475
Net increase (decrease)
(20)
(72,314)
(190,570)
8,221
(328,032)
(24,123)
31,570
F-187
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP American
Lord Abbett
Century
Century
Century
LVIP American
LVIP American
LVIP
Developing
Capital
Disciplined
Inflation
Century
Century
JPMorgan
Growth
Appreciation
Core Value
Protection
International
Value
U.S. Equity
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
(Service Class I)
Units purchased
920
33,751
308,574
2,280
160,327
142,995
171,153
Units withdrawn
(1,405)
(12,429)
(640,263)
(585)
(10,782)
(277,110)
(7,422)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
(65,332)
460,233
(81,019)
5,309
6,380
13,671
(47,695)
Net increase (decrease)
(65,817)
481,555
(412,708)
7,004
155,925
(120,444)
116,036
Macquarie
Macquarie
Macquarie
Macquarie
Macquarie
MFS® Blended
MFS®
VIP Asset
VIP Asset
VIP Emerging
VIP Science
VIP Small Cap
Research®
Global
Strategy
Strategy
Markets
and Technology
Value
Core Equity
Real Estate
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
(Standard Class)
(Service Class)
Units purchased
8,819
4,758
157,940
114,969
5,579
77,663
Units withdrawn
(5,599)
(10,517)
(8,028)
(685)
(8,072)
(1,535)
(3,084)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
24
25,335
(14)
11,701
(187,326)
35,333
Net increase (decrease)
3,220
(5,735)
175,247
(699)
118,598
(183,282)
109,912
F-188
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
MFS®
Government
MFS®
International
Investors
Mid Cap
New
MFS®
Securities
Growth
Intrinsic Value
Trust
Value
Discovery
Research
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Units purchased
25
13,170
266,069
6,218
23,914
43,297
1,346
Units withdrawn
(14)
(34,254)
(11,557)
(9,194)
(5,477)
(87,692)
(11,784)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
194
(53,151)
(29,402)
1,932
215,348
4,208
(895)
Net increase (decrease)
205
(74,235)
225,110
(1,044)
233,785
(40,187)
(11,333)
MML
MML
American Funds
MML
MML
MFS®
MFS®
Aggressive
Core
American Funds
Balanced
MML
Utilities
Value
Allocation
Allocation
Growth
Allocation
Blend
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Units purchased
4,253
412,543
689,439
160,519
1,029,950
281,278
637,131
Units withdrawn
(356)
(30,959)
(342,042)
(67,798)
(777,383)
(258,089)
(827,872)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
(48,705)
60,957
(134,893)
(7,178)
(589,545)
(64,607)
Net increase (decrease)
3,897
332,879
408,354
(42,172)
245,389
(566,356)
(255,348)
F-189
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Blue Chip
Conservative
Dynamic
MML
Equity
Equity
Equity
Growth
Allocation
Bond
Equity
Income
Index
Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
(Service Class I)
(Class II)
Units purchased
611,932
83,696
34,650
1,313,845
160,713
311,704
564,265
Units withdrawn
(767,614)
(86,226)
(21,315)
(1,943,425)
(105,204)
(36,438)
(1,456,429)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
79,422
143,355
2,624
163,877
(622,146)
(429,543)
44,188
Net increase (decrease)
(76,260)
140,825
15,959
(465,703)
(566,637)
(154,277)
(847,976)
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
Equity
Equity
Focused
MML
Fundamental
Fundamental
MML
Index
Rotation
Equity
Foreign
Equity
Value
Global
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
(Class III)
(Service Class I)
Units purchased
1,150,914
41,957
73,918
96,712
20,163
29,013
13,289
Units withdrawn
(453,183)
(1,094)
(36,696)
(26,129)
(10,708)
(12,289)
(3,873)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
805,970
(1,657)
(8,385)
180,813
336,979
Net increase (decrease)
1,503,701
40,863
35,565
62,198
190,268
353,703
9,416
F-190
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
MML
MML
MML
MML Inflation-
MML
MML
MML
Growth
High
Income
Protected
International
iShares® 60/40
Global
Allocation
Yield
& Growth
and Income
Equity
Allocation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
(Class II)
Units purchased
75,421
391,655
136,374
181,788
277,424
26,483
72,153
Units withdrawn
(59,757)
(258,773)
(58,803)
(48,430)
(273,788)
(6,563)
(21,815)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
(151)
90,514
3,704
(412,459)
51,133
190,391
12,694
Net increase (decrease)
15,513
223,396
81,275
(279,101)
54,769
210,311
63,032
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
iShares® 80/20
Large Cap
Managed
Managed
Mid Cap
Mid Cap
Moderate
Allocation
Growth
Bond
Volatility
Growth
Value
Allocation
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Units purchased
84,154
250,964
778,723
237,126
271,956
223,232
128,154
Units withdrawn
(24,087)
(138,032)
(1,127,841)
(426,035)
(157,572)
(81,141)
(107,647)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
595
281,673
(162,468)
1,942
163,002
76,181
(63,943)
Net increase (decrease)
60,662
394,605
(511,586)
(186,967)
277,386
218,272
(43,436)
F-191
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML
MML Strategic
MML
Short-Duration
Small Cap
Small Cap
Small Company
Small/Mid Cap
Emerging
Sustainable
Bond
Equity
Growth Equity
Value
Value
Markets
Equity
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Units purchased
23,522
392,584
268,113
34,089
99,172
71,575
90,277
Units withdrawn
(15,501)
(561,491)
(338,314)
(24,247)
(85,415)
(37,451)
(65,348)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
48,946
485,212
(31,869)
(111,749)
84,121
9,388
(10,666)
Net increase (decrease)
56,967
316,305
(102,070)
(101,907)
97,878
43,512
14,263
PIMCO
MML
MML
Commodity-
PIMCO
Total Return
U.S. Government
RealReturn®
Global Bond
PIMCO
PIMCO
PIMCO
Bond
Money Market
Strategy
Opportunities
High Yield
Income
Real Return
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Units purchased
120,270
7,479,033
67,647
11,943
833
14,730
13,360
Units withdrawn
(50,196)
(2,925,479)
(76,677)
(3,765)
(1,642)
(6,555)
(380)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
941,782
(3,257,626)
1,217
(3,639)
(120)
(13,547)
Net increase (decrease)
1,011,856
1,295,928
(7,813)
4,539
(809)
8,055
(567)
F-192
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
T. Rowe Price
Templeton
PIMCO
All-Cap
Blue Chip
T. Rowe Price
Limited-Term
Mid-Cap
Foreign
Total Return
Opportunities
Growth
Equity Income
Bond
Growth
VIP
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Units purchased
9,963
10,878
64,173
217,264
229,807
340,227
Units withdrawn
(3,454)
(32,111)
(174,599)
(424,839)
(6,747)
(608,969)
(445,259)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
16,511
(3,843)
37,123
1,312
(140)
(25,389)
200,176
Net increase (decrease)
23,020
(25,076)
(73,303)
(206,263)
(6,887)
(404,551)
95,144
Vest
Templeton
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
Vanguard VIF
US Large Cap
Voya
Voya
Global
Global Bond
Mid Cap
Real Estate
10% Buffer
International
Russell™
Bond VIP
Index
Index
Index
Strategies V.I.
Index
Mid Cap Index
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Units purchased
16,268
157,544
494,299
144,590
526
75,691
299,547
Units withdrawn
(1,168)
(80,273)
(169,890)
(61,866)
(135)
(13,050)
(20,829)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
535
(41,509)
(117,175)
(10,332)
(193,001)
(298,940)
Net increase (decrease)
15,635
35,762
207,234
72,392
391
(130,360)
(20,222)
F-193
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)
Voya
VY® CBRE
Russell™
Global
Small Cap Index
Real Estate
Division
Division
2024 (Continued)
Units purchased
38,858
27,434
Units withdrawn
(9,816)
(37,016)
Units transferred between divisions
    and transferred (to) from GPA
11,533
(2,633)
Net increase (decrease)
40,575
(12,215)
F-194
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
A.A summary of units outstanding, unit values, net assets, investment income ratios, expense ratios (excluding
expenses of the underlying funds) and total return ratios for each of the years in the five-year period ended
December 31, 2025 follows:
At December 31,
For the Years Ended December 31,
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Units
Ratio1
American Funds Insurance Series® Asset Allocation Division
2025
5,582,155
$4.75
to
$6.21
$31,455,978
2.05%
0.25%
to
1.00%
14.70%
to
15.56%
2024
5,814,712
4.14
to
5.37
28,330,655
2.18
0.25
to
1.00
15.27
to
16.15
2023
5,962,672
3.59
to
4.63
25,016,590
2.24
0.25
to
1.00
13.14
to
13.98
2022
6,342,247
3.18
to
4.06
23,350,591
1.91
0.25
to
1.00
(14.26)
to
(13.62)
2021
6,513,177
3.70
to
4.70
27,801,866
1.55
0.25
to
1.00
13.96
to
14.81
American Funds Insurance Series® Global Small Capitalization Division23
2025
126
1.09
138
1.15
0.80
14.52
American Funds Insurance Series® Growth-Income Division
2025
7,185,297
6.98
to
9.77
59,203,535
0.92
0.25
to
1.00
16.89
to
17.77
2024
7,697,712
5.97
to
8.29
53,894,748
1.11
0.25
to
1.00
22.99
to
23.92
2023
8,213,963
4.85
to
6.69
46,462,834
1.38
0.25
to
1.00
24.89
to
25.82
2022
8,634,714
3.89
to
5.32
38,935,008
1.28
0.25
to
1.00
(17.32)
to
(16.70)
2021
9,062,804
4.70
to
6.39
49,515,332
1.13
0.25
to
1.00
22.86
to
23.79
American Funds Insurance Series® New World Division23
2025
10,367
1.26
13,064
1.36
0.80
28.17
American Funds Insurance Series® Washington Mutual Investors Division23
2025
138,748
1.15
159,078
3.24
0.80
17.09
BlackRock High Yield V.I. Division
2025
1,351,653
1.56
2,108,494
6.55
0.25
9.22
2024
46,167
1.43
65,939
6.93
0.25
8.29
2023
48,906
1.32
64,505
6.54
0.25
13.24
2022
66,612
1.16
77,588
5.14
0.25
(10.35)
2021
118,064
1.30
153,399
4.50
0.25
5.33
BlackRock Small Cap Index V.I. Division (Class I)
2025
1,154,610
1.39
1,598,341
1.06
0.80
11.75
2024
944,339
1.25
1,175,387
1.97
0.80
10.42
2023
808,424
1.13
912,375
1.56
0.80
15.77
2022
578,220
0.97
563,661
1.52
0.80
(21.09)
2021
266,372
1.24
329,081
2.41
0.80
13.66
BlackRock Small Cap Index V.I. Division (Class III)
2025
219,850
1.14
251,009
0.75
0.25
12.37
2024
32,437
1.02
32,958
1.76
0.25
11.07
2023
24,827
0.91
22,711
1.55
0.25
16.43
2022
12,724
0.79
9,998
1.63
0.25
2021
1,508
0.99
1,493
1.21
0.25
BlackRock Total Return V.I. Division
2025
1,053,643
1.18
1,241,190
4.44
0.25
8.02
2024
1,371,735
1.09
1,495,877
4.46
0.25
1.39
2023
194,736
1.08
209,445
3.87
0.25
5.83
2022
271,212
1.02
275,620
2.38
0.25
(14.06)
2021
227,326
1.18
268,804
1.68
0.25
(1.43)
BNY Mellon MidCap Stock Division
2025
1,234
1.88
2,320
1.21
0.25
9.81
2024
388,022
1.71
664,488
0.43
0.25
12.33
2023
227,903
1.52
347,436
0.56
0.25
17.99
2022
238,839
1.29
308,604
0.47
0.25
(14.28)
2021
157,431
1.51
237,312
0.23
0.25
25.56
F-195
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
At December 31,
For the Years Ended December 31,
Units
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Ratio1
Columbia Variable Portfolio - Contrarian Core Division23
2025
4,685
$
$1.16
$5,440
%
%
0.80%
%
17.53%
DWS Small Cap Index Division
2025
2,016,130
4.70
to
6.05
11,174,977
1.36
0.25
to
1.00
11.52
to
12.35
2024
2,150,008
4.21
to
5.38
10,610,053
1.16
0.25
to
1.00
10.04
to
10.87
2023
2,227,999
3.83
to
4.85
9,922,288
1.12
0.25
to
1.00
15.60
to
16.47
2022
2,385,191
3.31
to
4.17
9,120,995
0.91
0.25
to
1.00
(21.42)
to
(20.83)
2021
2,454,100
4.21
to
5.27
11,860,935
0.83
0.25
to
1.00
13.36
to
14.22
Eaton Vance VT Floating-Rate Income Division
2025
71,896
1.42
102,255
6.68
0.25
4.35
2024
23,569
1.36
32,123
8.06
0.25
7.85
2023
18,911
1.26
23,898
8.34
0.25
11.47
2022
36,004
1.13
40,816
4.78
0.25
(2.36)
2021
37,104
1.16
43,081
3.14
0.25
3.76
Fidelity® VIP Bond Index Division (Initial Class)
2025
1,461,231
0.94
1,440,083
3.46
0.80
6.13
2024
899,843
0.88
795,756
2.95
0.80
0.40
2023
799,613
0.88
701,768
2.73
0.80
4.64
2022
565,938
0.84
474,684
2.21
0.80
(13.88)
2021
197,399
0.97
192,257
1.66
0.80
(2.73)
Fidelity® VIP Contrafund® Division (Initial Class)
2025
15,794,797
9.92
to
10.62
153,226,721
0.14
0.15
to
1.00
20.27
to
21.30
2024
16,356,592
8.25
to
8.76
135,744,268
0.19
0.15
to
1.00
32.45
to
33.59
2023
16,615,944
6.23
to
6.56
105,911,159
0.49
0.15
to
1.00
32.13
to
33.25
2022
16,836,581
4.71
to
4.92
83,308,966
0.51
0.15
to
1.00
(27.05)
to
(26.42)
2021
16,632,193
6.46
to
6.69
116,779,958
0.06
0.15
to
1.00
26.56
to
27.64
Fidelity® VIP Contrafund® Division (Service Class)
2025
1,256,476
10.23
to
11.04
12,009,994
0.05
0.40
to
0.75
20.47
to
20.89
2024
1,303,309
8.49
to
9.13
10,347,116
0.09
0.40
to
0.75
32.63
to
33.10
2023
1,357,752
6.40
to
6.86
8,120,384
0.38
0.40
to
0.75
32.35
to
32.81
2022
1,476,037
4.84
to
5.17
6,721,785
0.40
0.40
to
0.75
(26.93)
to
(26.68)
2021
1,563,644
6.62
to
7.05
9,712,506
0.05
0.40
to
0.75
26.76
to
27.14
Fidelity® VIP Extended Market Index Division (Initial Class)
2025
657,739
1.51
984,426
1.22
0.80
11.43
2024
557,933
1.36
758,052
1.44
0.80
11.41
2023
477,416
1.22
582,427
2.11
0.80
16.50
2022
317,252
1.05
332,210
1.69
0.80
(18.78)
2021
148,046
1.29
190,865
2.38
0.80
20.27
Fidelity® VIP Extended Market Index Division (Service Class 2)10
2025
436,202
1.23
534,998
0.90
0.25
12.03
2024
683,055
1.09
747,783
1.58
0.25
12.02
2023
196,194
0.98
191,730
1.79
0.25
17.11
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2020 Division
2025
221,119
1.75
386,521
4.72
0.25
13.18
2024
47,466
1.54
73,309
2.85
0.25
7.55
2023
83,337
1.44
119,673
4.70
0.25
12.34
2022
10,337
1.28
13,214
2.12
0.25
(15.83)
2021
8,901
1.52
13,517
0.89
0.25
9.47
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2025 Division
2025
731,362
1.84
1,347,935
3.33
0.25
14.47
2024
225,263
1.61
362,693
1.63
0.25
8.40
2023
832,720
1.49
1,236,852
2.84
0.25
13.48
2022
612,066
1.31
801,108
2.10
0.25
(16.51)
2021
394,002
1.57
617,665
1.18
0.25
10.71
F-196
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
At December 31,
For the Years Ended December 31,
Units
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Ratio1
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2030 Division
2025
2,013,393
$
$1.96
$3,945,817
2.80%
%
0.25%
%
15.33%
2024
923,925
1.70
1,570,044
2.56
0.25
9.34
2023
942,739
1.55
1,465,133
2.84
0.25
14.56
2022
304,359
1.36
412,909
2.12
0.25
(16.94)
2021
77,802
1.63
127,084
1.31
0.25
12.24
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2035 Division
2025
1,351,750
2.15
2,900,298
2.23
0.25
16.58
2024
1,153,407
1.84
2,122,744
1.77
0.25
10.93
2023
1,059,304
1.66
1,757,413
1.99
0.25
16.71
2022
996,496
1.42
1,416,516
1.97
0.25
(17.75)
2021
531,977
1.73
919,419
1.03
0.25
15.32
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2040 Division
2025
578,181
2.32
1,342,459
2.11
0.25
18.66
2024
210,459
1.96
411,809
1.43
0.25
12.99
2023
172,137
1.73
298,104
1.80
0.25
18.77
2022
127,560
1.46
185,997
1.37
0.25
(18.30)
2021
76,059
1.78
135,749
1.02
0.25
17.69
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2045 Division10
2025
324,722
1.42
462,412
2.02
0.25
19.73
2024
156,960
1.19
186,685
2.00
0.25
13.70
2023
16,273
1.05
17,022
1.28
0.25
19.33
2022
14,644
0.88
12,837
2.27
0.25
(18.30)
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2050 Division
2025
214,911
2.37
508,785
2.03
0.25
19.68
2024
85,706
1.98
169,544
0.62
0.25
13.74
2023
202,304
1.74
351,866
1.74
0.25
19.36
2022
119,522
1.46
174,161
1.17
0.25
(18.35)
2021
131,990
1.78
235,563
1.67
0.25
17.73
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2055 Division10
2025
10,725
1.42
15,277
1.69
0.25
19.71
2024
5,509
1.19
6,555
2.23
0.25
13.72
2023
934
1.05
978
0.26
0.25
19.40
2022
1,109
0.88
972
2.24
0.25
(18.36)
Fidelity® VIP Freedom 2060 Division10
2025
227,638
1.42
324,263
1.28
0.25
19.75
2024
232,002
1.19
275,975
7.27
0.25
13.72
2023
15,372
1.05
16,079
0.57
0.25
19.30
2022
51,451
0.88
45,110
2.74
0.25
Fidelity® VIP Freedom Income Division11
2025
530,811
1.11
589,409
2.95
0.25
9.56
2024
647,292
1.01
656,060
3.08
0.25
4.28
Fidelity® VIP Growth Division
2025
1,405,156
4.10
to
6.05
5,916,112
0.27
0.25
to
0.40
14.32
to
14.78
2024
401,885
3.57
to
5.29
1,565,121
0.25
to
0.40
29.74
to
30.27
2023
567,689
2.74
to
4.08
1,659,284
0.04
0.25
to
0.40
35.55
to
36.09
2022
459,547
2.02
to
3.01
1,003,308
0.50
0.25
to
0.40
(24.82)
to
(24.52)
2021
282,918
2.67
to
4.00
860,161
0.25
to
0.40
22.53
to
23.08
Fidelity® VIP Health Care Division5
2025
90,921
1.17
107,152
0.46
0.80
13.48
2024
54,279
1.03
55,978
0.25
4.29
2023
13,352
0.99
13,192
0.25
F-197
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
At December 31,
For the Years Ended December 31,
Units
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Ratio1
Fidelity® VIP Index 500 Division8
2025
2,270,659
$
$1.73
$3,934,991
1.14%
%
0.25%
%
17.66%
2024
1,845,742
1.47
2,718,603
1.67
0.25
24.77
2023
1,111,184
1.18
1,311,716
1.17
0.25
26.07
2022
326,499
0.94
305,719
1.37
0.25
(18.30)
Fidelity® VIP International Index Division (Initial Class)
2025
1,420,339
1.49
2,062,019
3.23
0.80
32.08
2024
844,239
1.13
953,613
3.09
0.80
4.26
2023
708,749
1.08
768,065
3.20
0.80
15.24
2022
496,591
0.94
467,003
2.81
0.80
(16.69)
2021
208,568
1.13
235,424
5.14
0.80
6.86
Fidelity® VIP International Index Division (Service Class 2)
2025
341,884
1.36
465,591
2.68
0.25
32.82
2024
348,346
1.03
357,165
2.87
0.25
4.82
2023
305,960
0.98
299,275
3.27
0.25
15.88
2022
43,959
0.84
37,107
5.89
0.25
(16.21)
2021
13,454
1.01
13,554
3.74
0.25
Fidelity® VIP Overseas Division5
2025
190,895
1.32
to
1.91
291,002
1.97
0.25
to
0.80
19.43
to
20.39
2024
82,122
1.10
to
1.59
123,232
1.58
0.25
to
0.80
5.05
2023
938
1.06
to
1.51
993
3.44
0.25
to
0.80
20.51
Fidelity® VIP Real Estate Division (Initial Class)5
2025
4,386
1.16
5,290
1.54
0.80
2.28
2024
238
1.14
273
4.19
0.80
5.67
2023
17
1.08
18
0.80
Fidelity® VIP Real Estate Division (Service Class)
2025
197,984
1.33
263,760
2.03
0.25
3.03
2024
174,518
1.29
225,649
5.58
0.25
6.38
2023
109,152
1.22
132,673
2.64
0.25
11.09
2022
97,244
1.09
106,402
0.63
0.25
(27.62)
2021
150,950
1.51
228,180
1.03
0.25
38.86
Fidelity® VIP Strategic Income Division5
2025
56,094
1.20
66,546
3.93
0.80
7.98
2024
54,363
1.11
59,689
3.93
0.80
5.23
2023
238
1.05
250
4.45
0.80
Fidelity® VIP Total Market Index Division (Initial Class)
2025
4,642,611
1.88
7,421,212
1.26
0.80
16.18
2024
2,063,964
1.62
3,192,000
1.47
0.80
22.70
2023
1,053,612
1.32
1,391,581
1.56
0.80
25.07
2022
474,991
1.06
501,603
1.85
0.80
(19.86)
2021
211,399
1.32
278,569
1.98
0.80
24.68
Fidelity® VIP Total Market Index Division (Service Class 2)10
2025
1.64
0.35
0.25
16.86
2024
141,492
1.40
198,293
0.80
0.25
23.38
Franklin Mutual Global Discovery VIP Division
2025
2,359
1.90
4,489
1.95
0.25
23.34
2024
2,730
1.54
4,212
1.88
0.25
4.66
2023
2,044
1.47
3,013
2.81
0.25
20.31
2022
1,630
1.23
1,998
1.40
0.25
(4.75)
2021
1,509
1.29
1,942
2.63
0.25
19.13
F-198
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
At December 31,
For the Years Ended December 31,
Units
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Ratio1
Franklin Small Cap Value VIP Division
2025
2,925,583
$5.42
to
$7.92
$18,918,264
1.07%
0.25%
to
1.00%
6.58%
to
7.39%
2024
3,634,579
5.09
to
7.38
19,559,749
0.93
0.25
to
1.00
10.59
to
11.43
2023
3,648,614
4.60
to
6.62
17,951,363
0.52
0.25
to
1.00
11.63
to
12.46
2022
3,516,854
4.12
to
5.89
16,501,845
0.98
0.25
to
1.00
(10.96)
to
(10.29)
2021
3,602,625
4.63
to
6.56
19,136,069
1.01
0.25
to
1.00
24.12
to
25.05
Franklin Strategic Income VIP Division
2025
4,104
1.22
4,998
4.81
0.25
7.25
2024
2,840
1.14
3,225
4.72
0.25
4.02
2023
1,569
1.09
1,712
4.49
0.25
8.18
2022
894
1.01
902
6.73
0.25
(10.75)
2021
7,066
1.13
7,989
1.87
0.25
2.11
Goldman Sachs Core Fixed Income Division
2025
695,870
1.14
796,201
3.62
0.25
7.32
2024
733,180
1.07
781,697
3.78
0.25
0.89
2023
849,586
1.06
897,802
2.86
0.25
5.83
2022
733,135
1.00
732,062
1.45
0.25
(14.28)
2021
772,752
1.16
900,136
1.11
0.25
(2.23)
Goldman Sachs International Equity Insights Division
2025
517,792
1.96
to
2.87
1,069,701
4.42
0.25
to
0.40
37.93
to
38.48
2024
88,071
1.42
to
2.08
165,079
1.93
0.25
to
0.40
5.71
to
6.13
2023
167,207
1.33
to
1.97
262,452
2.98
0.25
to
0.40
18.23
to
18.71
2022
136,545
1.12
to
1.67
187,872
3.66
0.25
to
0.40
(13.90)
to
(13.55)
2021
90,678
1.30
to
1.93
159,157
2.96
0.25
to
0.40
11.67
to
12.17
Goldman Sachs Large Cap Value Division
2025
779
4.51
to
5.00
3,769
1.13
0.30
to
0.40
10.44
to
10.55
2024
776
4.08
to
4.52
3,393
1.46
0.30
to
0.40
16.63
to
16.74
2023
774
3.50
to
3.87
2,901
1.78
0.30
to
0.40
12.56
to
12.67
2022
798
3.11
to
3.44
2,653
1.37
0.30
to
0.40
(6.74)
to
(6.65)
2021
2,031
3.34
to
3.68
7,377
1.14
0.30
to
0.40
23.58
to
23.76
Goldman Sachs Mid Cap Value Division
2025
1,210,379
2.20
to
11.08
4,077,249
1.24
0.25
to
0.40
8.96
to
9.39
2024
387,832
2.01
to
10.17
2,577,151
1.07
0.25
to
0.40
11.95
to
12.40
2023
258,933
1.79
to
9.09
2,085,010
1.04
0.25
to
0.40
10.98
to
11.42
2022
257,418
1.60
to
8.19
1,890,198
0.70
0.25
to
0.40
(10.35)
to
(9.99)
2021
242,304
1.78
to
9.13
2,101,791
0.46
0.25
to
0.40
30.36
to
30.95
Goldman Sachs Small Cap Equity Insights Division
2025
39,633
2.24
88,734
0.78
0.25
16.14
2024
38,738
1.93
74,674
1.06
0.25
19.05
2023
34,164
1.62
55,319
1.14
0.25
19.27
2022
28,756
1.36
39,037
0.27
0.25
(19.38)
2021
33,413
1.68
56,264
0.64
0.25
23.79
Goldman Sachs Strategic Growth Division
2025
1,538,987
8.56
to
8.96
14,598,356
0.25
to
1.00
16.75
to
17.63
2024
1,723,958
7.28
to
7.67
14,057,433
0.25
to
1.00
31.04
to
32.03
2023
1,917,718
5.51
to
5.86
11,902,030
0.25
to
1.00
40.53
to
41.59
2022
2,057,122
3.89
to
4.17
8,956,660
0.25
to
1.00
(33.19)
to
(32.68)
2021
2,152,874
5.78
to
6.24
13,705,655
0.25
to
1.00
20.71
to
21.62
Goldman Sachs U.S. Equity Insights Division
2025
33,201
6.48
to
7.87
215,160
0.01
0.30
to
0.40
15.29
to
15.40
2024
38,324
5.62
to
6.82
215,431
0.67
0.30
to
0.40
27.81
to
27.94
2023
39,290
4.40
to
5.33
172,804
0.70
0.30
to
0.40
23.31
to
23.44
2022
40,585
3.57
to
4.32
144,753
0.82
0.30
to
0.40
(20.06)
to
(19.98)
2021
42,914
4.46
to
5.40
192,467
0.83
0.30
to
0.40
28.83
to
29.02
F-199
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
At December 31,
For the Years Ended December 31,
Units
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Ratio1
Invesco V.I. American Franchise Division
2025
613,543
$
$3.33
$2,042,931
%
%
0.25%
%
11.66%
2024
488,505
2.98
1,456,683
0.25
34.89
2023
198,188
2.21
438,128
0.25
40.93
2022
125,391
1.57
196,698
0.25
(31.11)
2021
107,285
2.28
244,305
0.25
11.93
Invesco V.I. Comstock Division
2025
65,862
2.56
168,465
1.84
0.25
17.44
2024
60,052
2.18
130,789
1.88
0.25
15.18
2023
55,585
1.89
105,109
2.10
0.25
12.36
2022
47,314
1.68
79,627
1.83
0.25
1.12
2021
39,987
1.66
66,549
2.06
0.25
33.36
Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond Division13
2025
6,621,800
1.20
to
1.62
9,876,025
4.05
0.25
to
1.00
6.02
to
6.82
2024
10,500,568
1.13
to
1.52
15,206,000
3.79
0.25
to
1.00
2.03
to
2.80
2023
10,254,266
1.11
to
1.48
14,419,665
2.69
0.25
to
1.00
5.09
to
5.88
2022
10,649,324
1.05
to
1.40
14,033,777
1.92
0.25
to
1.00
(14.88)
to
(14.24)
2021
10,437,422
1.24
to
1.63
16,061,867
2.16
0.25
to
1.00
(2.63)
to
(1.89)
Invesco V.I. Discovery Large Cap Division4,18
2025
1,153,927
17.24
19,896,417
0.55
12.18
2024
14,406,242
5.98
to
8.15
112,614,043
0.15
to
1.00
32.82
to
33.96
2023
15,425,839
4.50
to
6.09
90,430,969
0.15
to
1.00
34.03
to
35.17
2022
16,498,752
3.36
to
4.50
71,298,785
0.15
to
1.00
(31.47)
to
(30.89)
2021
17,159,403
4.90
to
6.51
106,714,489
0.15
to
1.00
21.35
to
22.38
Invesco V.I. Discovery Mid Cap Growth Division19
2025
1,373,113
10.00
13,732,825
0.55
4.21
2024
12,523,494
5.18
to
7.39
77,026,477
0.15
to
1.00
22.99
to
24.04
2023
13,017,146
4.21
to
5.96
64,940,058
0.15
to
1.00
12.03
to
12.98
2022
13,384,160
3.76
to
5.28
59,481,574
0.15
to
1.00
(31.67)
to
(31.08)
2021
13,755,137
5.50
to
7.66
90,502,517
0.15
to
1.00
17.91
to
18.92
Invesco V.I. Diversified Dividend Division
2025
1,059,218
2.11
to
4.61
3,070,947
1.64
0.15
to
1.00
14.59
to
15.57
2024
1,084,449
1.84
to
3.99
2,726,123
1.86
0.15
to
1.00
12.08
to
13.05
2023
1,090,322
1.64
to
3.53
2,410,815
1.94
0.15
to
1.00
7.96
to
8.88
2022
1,139,884
1.52
to
3.24
2,301,016
1.88
0.15
to
1.00
(2.66)
to
(1.83)
2021
1,330,527
1.57
to
3.30
2,670,108
2.07
0.15
to
1.00
17.71
to
18.72
Invesco V.I. Equity & Income Division12
2025
431,617
3.16
to
5.20
1,364,449
2.13
0.30
to
0.75
11.96
to
12.47
2024
467,341
2.82
to
4.62
1,319,503
2.10
0.30
to
0.75
9.13
to
9.61
2023
548,818
2.58
to
4.21
1,417,839
1.79
0.30
to
0.75
11.76
to
12.26
2022
627,229
2.31
to
3.75
1,449,861
1.34
0.30
to
0.75
(17.47)
to
(17.10)
2021
657,847
2.80
to
4.52
1,841,957
1.52
0.30
to
0.75
9.81
to
10.30
Invesco V.I. EQV International Equity Division
2025
48,677
1.62
78,989
1.32
0.55
16.50
2024
23,394
1.39
32,587
1.89
0.25
0.62
2023
16,647
1.38
23,046
0.20
0.25
18.15
2022
14,847
1.17
17,396
2.01
0.25
(18.31)
2021
4,216
1.43
6,047
1.34
0.25
5.89
Invesco V.I. Global Division20
2025
1,198,353
15.69
16,717,256
1.00
14.69
2024
15,687,474
5.38
to
5.79
112,002,568
0.15
to
1.00
14.91
to
15.89
2023
16,632,778
4.68
to
4.99
102,161,631
0.21
0.15
to
1.00
33.40
to
34.53
2022
18,375,053
3.51
to
3.71
89,585,887
0.15
to
1.00
(32.44)
to
(31.87)
2021
18,919,597
5.19
to
5.45
136,604,985
0.15
to
1.00
14.34
to
15.32
F-200
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
At December 31,
For the Years Ended December 31,
Units
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Ratio1
Invesco V.I. Global Real Estate Division
2025
$
$
$
%
%
%
%
%
2024
3.38
2023
54,624
1.10
59,903
1.60
0.25
9.05
2022
30,436
1.01
30,608
2.02
0.25
(24.93)
2021
32,576
1.34
43,642
3.31
0.25
25.71
Invesco V.I. Global Strategic Income Division
2025
12,049,314
1.97
to
2.07
33,286,723
5.77
0.15
to
1.00
11.86
to
12.81
2024
13,380,983
1.76
to
1.83
32,921,501
3.11
0.15
to
1.00
2.13
to
3.01
2023
13,454,447
1.73
to
1.78
32,214,532
0.15
to
1.00
7.80
to
8.72
2022
9,820,731
1.60
to
1.64
19,099,387
0.15
to
1.00
(12.34)
to
(11.59)
2021
9,913,403
1.83
to
1.85
22,000,829
4.77
0.15
to
1.00
(4.37)
to
(3.56)
Invesco V.I. Health Care Division
2025
889,472
4.78
to
5.16
4,859,782
0.15
to
1.00
14.18
to
15.15
2024
895,465
4.19
to
4.48
4,250,797
0.15
to
1.00
3.13
to
4.01
2023
931,122
4.06
to
4.31
4,264,786
0.15
to
1.00
2.00
to
2.87
2022
956,327
3.98
to
4.19
4,263,314
0.15
to
1.00
(14.18)
to
(13.45)
2021
979,583
4.64
to
4.84
5,068,427
0.21
0.15
to
1.00
11.18
to
12.13
Invesco V.I. International Growth Division4
2025
6,989,393
3.68
to
3.73
27,119,848
0.36
0.15
to
1.00
15.16
to
16.32
2024
8,032,754
3.20
to
3.21
27,005,806
0.66
0.15
to
1.00
(2.65)
to
(1.67)
2023
7,827,963
3.27
to
3.28
27,225,387
0.60
0.15
to
1.00
19.86
to
21.06
2022
8,668,000
2.70
to
2.74
24,954,829
0.15
to
1.00
(27.85)
to
(27.13)
2021
8,482,553
3.71
to
3.80
33,213,861
0.15
to
1.00
9.12
to
10.22
Invesco V.I. Main Street Division17
2025
2024
6,725,734
5.41
to
6.86
38,370,464
0.15
to
1.00
22.41
to
23.46
2023
7,176,261
4.42
to
5.55
33,454,278
0.85
0.15
to
1.00
22.00
to
23.03
2022
7,572,527
3.62
to
4.51
28,903,847
1.48
0.15
to
1.00
(20.93)
to
(20.25)
2021
7,949,023
4.58
to
5.66
38,110,497
0.71
0.15
to
1.00
26.30
to
27.38
Invesco V.I. Main Street Small Cap Division
2025
197,233
9.61
to
10.71
1,904,830
0.40
0.30
to
0.75
7.89
to
8.37
2024
428,166
8.91
to
9.88
3,889,688
0.30
to
0.75
11.84
to
12.35
2023
431,845
7.96
to
8.80
3,497,729
1.20
0.30
to
0.75
17.25
to
17.78
2022
436,716
6.79
to
7.47
3,008,071
0.01
0.30
to
0.75
(16.46)
to
(16.09)
2021
435,729
8.13
to
8.90
3,584,201
0.35
0.30
to
0.75
21.64
to
22.19
Invesco V.I. Small Cap Equity Division
2025
784
2.11
1,657
0.25
8.05
2024
603
1.96
1,181
0.21
0.25
18.09
2023
471
1.66
781
0.25
16.57
2022
406
1.42
577
0.25
(20.51)
2021
15
1.79
26
0.25
20.40
Invesco V.I. Technology Division
2025
1,302,213
7.34
to
11.42
11,463,976
0.15
to
1.00
19.27
to
20.29
2024
1,343,597
6.15
to
9.49
9,817,169
0.15
to
1.00
32.93
to
34.07
2023
1,298,780
4.63
to
7.08
7,081,524
0.15
to
1.00
45.49
to
46.72
2022
1,491,735
3.18
to
4.83
5,277,317
0.15
to
1.00
(40.55)
to
(40.04)
2021
1,520,936
5.35
to
8.05
8,541,371
0.15
to
1.00
13.27
to
14.24
Invesco V.I. U.S. Government Money Division
2025
1,822,282
1.43
to
1.81
2,599,372
3.59
0.30
to
0.75
2.87
to
3.34
2024
2,193,540
1.39
to
1.76
3,037,093
4.54
0.30
to
0.75
3.86
to
4.33
2023
2,615,717
1.34
to
1.68
3,487,142
4.39
0.30
to
0.75
3.74
to
4.21
2022
3,528,620
1.29
to
1.61
4,538,496
1.33
0.30
to
0.75
0.53
to
0.98
2021
3,019,741
1.29
to
1.60
3,862,261
0.01
0.30
to
0.75
(0.74)
to
(0.29)
F-201
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
At December 31,
For the Years Ended December 31,
Units
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Ratio1
Janus Henderson Balanced Division (Institutional Class)
2025
272
$
$5.46
$1,485
2.05%
%
0.40%
%
14.65%
2024
289
4.77
1,377
2.08
0.40
14.96
2023
308
4.15
1,279
2.11
0.40
14.95
2022
334
3.61
1,203
1.23
0.40
(16.73)
2021
357
4.33
1,544
0.88
0.40
16.67
Janus Henderson Balanced Division (Service Class)
2025
1,193,419
5.16
to
6.46
7,233,156
1.70
0.25
to
1.00
13.68
to
14.53
2024
1,300,336
4.54
to
5.64
6,864,829
1.76
0.25
to
1.00
13.99
to
14.86
2023
1,372,650
3.98
to
4.91
6,314,597
1.77
0.25
to
1.00
13.99
to
14.85
2022
1,488,090
3.49
to
4.28
5,951,978
0.97
0.25
to
1.00
(17.45)
to
(16.83)
2021
1,573,599
4.23
to
5.14
7,543,818
0.67
0.25
to
1.00
15.75
to
16.62
Janus Henderson Enterprise Division23
2025
2,285
1.02
2,325
0.20
0.80
7.56
Janus Henderson Forty Division (Institutional Class)
2025
2,913,258
8.65
to
10.36
36,092,793
0.07
0.25
to
0.75
17.26
to
17.85
2024
3,197,957
7.34
to
8.84
33,310,657
0.11
0.25
to
0.75
27.50
to
28.15
2023
3,388,528
5.72
to
6.93
27,634,951
0.19
0.25
to
0.75
38.92
to
39.61
2022
3,734,647
4.10
to
4.99
21,557,769
0.19
0.25
to
0.75
(34.05)
to
(33.72)
2021
4,195,530
6.19
to
7.56
35,645,607
0.25
to
0.75
21.98
to
22.59
Janus Henderson Forty Division (Service Class)
2025
51,580
11.85
to
14.50
659,326
0.50
to
1.00
16.69
to
17.27
2024
50,889
10.16
to
12.37
554,079
0.01
0.50
to
1.00
26.86
to
27.50
2023
42,668
8.01
to
9.70
361,673
0.12
0.50
to
1.00
38.27
to
38.96
2022
46,113
5.79
to
6.98
282,100
0.05
0.50
to
1.00
(34.39)
to
(34.06)
2021
46,358
8.83
to
10.58
429,145
0.50
to
1.00
21.38
to
21.99
Janus Henderson Global Research Division (Institutional Class)
2025
9,081,849
3.24
to
3.88
33,101,499
0.58
0.25
to
0.75
20.01
to
20.62
2024
9,615,234
2.69
to
3.23
29,009,114
0.75
0.25
to
0.75
22.65
to
23.27
2023
9,943,265
2.18
to
2.63
24,400,660
1.08
0.25
to
0.75
25.83
to
26.46
2022
4,239,710
1.73
to
2.09
9,825,857
1.05
0.25
to
0.75
(20.01)
to
(19.61)
2021
4,552,323
2.15
to
2.62
12,874,552
0.52
0.25
to
0.75
17.21
to
17.80
Janus Henderson Global Research Division (Service Class)
2025
79,741
4.82
to
6.33
428,205
0.43
0.50
to
1.00
19.40
to
20.00
2024
71,445
4.04
to
5.27
319,694
0.58
0.50
to
1.00
22.03
to
22.65
2023
95,568
3.31
to
4.30
348,934
0.77
0.50
to
1.00
25.22
to
25.84
2022
101,212
2.64
to
3.42
293,374
0.89
0.50
to
1.00
(20.41)
to
(20.01)
2021
106,715
3.32
to
4.27
387,051
0.35
0.50
to
1.00
16.62
to
17.21
Janus Henderson Global Technology and Innovation Division5
2025
445,593
2.08
717,612
0.80
24.16
2024
36,930
1.67
57,852
0.80
31.05
2023
5,360
1.28
6,848
0.80
Janus Henderson Overseas Division23
2025
126
1.28
161
1.77
0.80
28.74
Lord Abbett Developing Growth Division
2025
34,795
2.62
91,167
0.19
0.25
14.59
2024
34,495
2.29
78,870
0.10
0.25
22.18
2023
100,311
1.87
187,722
0.25
8.17
2022
85,384
1.73
147,718
0.25
(35.98)
2021
91,390
2.70
246,975
0.25
(2.75)
Lord Abbett Mid Cap Stock Division24
2025
38,100
1.77
67,377
0.40
0.25
7.05
F-202
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
At December 31,
For the Years Ended December 31,
Units
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Ratio1
LVIP American Century Capital Appreciation Division4
2025
1,166,384
$
$2.57
$2,998,603
%
%
0.25%
%
6.72%
2024
1,060,991
2.41
2,555,950
0.25
24.98
2023
579,437
1.93
1,116,866
0.25
20.69
2022
547,445
1.60
874,318
0.25
(28.11)
2021
521,624
2.22
1,158,824
0.25
11.16
LVIP American Century Disciplined Core Value Division4
2025
6,765,307
4.80
to
5.69
36,002,658
1.65
0.25
to
1.00
13.72
to
14.57
2024
7,540,422
4.23
to
4.96
34,752,836
1.31
0.25
to
1.00
11.96
to
12.81
2023
7,953,129
3.77
to
4.40
32,556,160
1.54
0.25
to
1.00
7.58
to
8.38
2022
8,350,786
3.51
to
4.06
31,490,239
1.77
0.25
to
1.00
(13.60)
to
(12.95)
2021
8,771,675
4.06
to
4.66
37,822,087
1.08
0.25
to
1.00
22.42
to
23.34
LVIP American Century Inflation Protection Division4
2025
88,867
1.22
108,827
12.29
0.25
6.33
2024
31,850
1.15
36,681
4.08
0.25
1.54
2023
24,847
1.13
28,181
3.34
0.25
3.40
2022
29,553
1.10
32,418
4.80
0.25
(13.08)
2021
29,243
1.26
36,903
2.57
0.25
6.27
LVIP American Century International Division4
2025
760,192
1.70
to
1.96
1,308,454
0.95
0.25
to
0.40
15.52
to
15.98
2024
1,173,402
1.46
to
1.70
1,748,445
1.59
0.25
to
0.40
2.19
to
2.61
2023
1,017,477
1.43
to
1.66
1,482,934
1.32
0.25
to
0.40
12.12
to
12.57
2022
924,918
1.27
to
1.48
1,201,230
1.58
0.25
to
0.40
(25.05)
to
(24.75)
2021
1,039,229
1.68
to
1.98
1,790,461
0.04
0.25
to
0.40
8.26
to
8.75
LVIP American Century Value Division4
2025
3,259,516
5.11
to
7.00
20,056,481
1.64
0.25
to
1.00
14.87
to
15.73
2024
3,425,129
4.45
to
6.05
18,215,545
2.94
0.25
to
1.00
8.39
to
9.21
2023
3,545,573
4.11
to
5.54
17,272,536
2.39
0.25
to
1.00
8.02
to
8.83
2022
3,626,460
3.80
to
5.09
16,271,417
2.10
0.25
to
1.00
(0.46)
to
0.29
2021
3,719,350
3.82
to
5.07
16,757,071
1.74
0.25
to
1.00
23.27
to
24.20
LVIP JPMorgan U.S. Equity Division9
2025
896,208
3.27
2,932,210
0.48
0.25
14.54
2024
761,629
2.86
2,175,588
0.53
0.25
23.98
2023
645,592
2.30
1,487,382
1.57
0.25
27.16
2022
277,127
1.81
502,095
0.53
0.25
(18.69)
2021
284,033
2.23
632,933
0.83
0.25
29.34
MFS® Blended Research® Core Equity Division
2025
4,987
3.12
15,546
1.01
0.25
16.10
2024
4,665
2.69
12,525
0.08
0.25
25.50
2023
187,947
2.14
402,105
1.40
0.25
28.53
2022
225,250
1.66
374,956
1.02
0.25
(16.00)
2021
152,245
1.98
301,718
1.14
0.25
29.53
MFS® Global Real Estate Division
2025
407,337
1.41
576,230
1.75
0.25
3.53
2024
334,964
1.37
457,707
2.22
0.25
(2.69)
2023
225,052
1.40
316,017
0.86
0.25
11.46
2022
73,318
1.26
92,371
1.63
0.25
(26.94)
2021
74,086
1.72
127,750
1.49
0.25
30.13
MFS® Government Securities Division
2025
759
1.11
839
4.42
0.25
6.99
2024
739
1.03
764
4.13
0.25
0.77
2023
535
1.03
548
1.58
0.25
4.15
2022
342
0.98
336
2.54
0.25
(12.26)
2021
123
1.12
138
2.59
0.25
(1.89)
F-203
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
At December 31,
For the Years Ended December 31,
Units
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Ratio1
MFS® Growth Division
2025
464,114
$3.55
to
$8.05
$3,098,366
%
0.25%
to
0.75%
11.36%
to
12.19%
2024
486,068
3.16
to
7.23
2,972,810
0.25
to
0.75
30.48
to
31.46
2023
560,304
2.41
to
5.54
2,558,706
0.25
to
0.75
34.85
to
35.86
2022
670,674
1.77
to
4.11
2,227,332
0.25
to
0.75
(32.15)
to
(31.63)
2021
809,969
2.59
to
6.05
3,759,997
0.25
to
0.75
22.61
to
23.53
MFS® International Intrinsic Value Division
2025
1,321,164
2.14
2,821,799
1.57
0.25
33.26
2024
1,127,470
1.60
1,807,106
1.37
0.25
7.25
2023
902,358
1.49
1,348,571
0.72
0.25
17.66
2022
367,393
1.27
466,674
0.80
0.25
(23.56)
2021
347,117
1.66
576,798
0.40
0.25
10.55
MFS® Investors Trust Division
2025
128,977
6.64
to
8.72
1,014,643
1.61
0.25
to
1.00
12.44
to
13.29
2024
136,839
5.91
to
7.69
950,214
0.70
0.25
to
1.00
18.33
to
19.22
2023
137,883
4.99
to
6.45
803,220
0.73
0.25
to
1.00
17.80
to
18.68
2022
181,516
4.24
to
5.44
892,658
0.67
0.25
to
1.00
(17.32)
to
(16.70)
2021
181,956
5.13
to
6.53
1,076,162
0.64
0.25
to
1.00
25.55
to
26.50
MFS® Mid Cap Value Division
2025
576,799
2.10
1,213,575
1.16
0.25
5.98
2024
373,132
1.99
740,782
1.37
0.25
13.75
2023
139,347
1.75
243,211
1.90
0.25
12.73
2022
90,800
1.55
140,588
1.14
0.25
(8.79)
2021
44,329
1.70
75,246
0.54
0.25
30.99
MFS® New Discovery Division
2025
940,452
5.44
to
8.31
6,436,742
0.25
to
1.00
11.84
to
12.68
2024
1,035,131
4.87
to
7.38
6,411,584
0.25
to
1.00
5.66
to
6.46
2023
1,075,318
4.61
to
6.93
6,284,209
0.25
to
1.00
13.28
to
14.13
2022
1,104,263
4.07
to
6.07
5,714,385
0.25
to
1.00
(30.46)
to
(29.93)
2021
1,172,331
5.85
to
8.67
8,811,528
0.25
to
1.00
0.79
to
1.55
MFS® Research Division
2025
174,403
5.98
to
7.54
1,113,317
0.97
0.30
to
0.75
12.01
to
12.51
2024
178,744
5.34
to
6.70
1,015,590
0.60
0.30
to
0.75
17.98
to
18.51
2023
190,077
4.52
to
5.65
910,716
0.53
0.30
to
0.75
21.51
to
22.05
2022
208,253
3.72
to
4.63
816,093
0.50
0.30
to
0.75
(17.83)
to
(17.46)
2021
236,993
4.53
to
5.61
1,127,472
0.55
0.30
to
0.75
23.87
to
24.43
MFS® Utilities Division
2025
25,477
2.01
51,273
2.92
0.25
15.01
2024
25,876
1.75
45,280
2.35
0.25
11.66
2023
21,979
1.57
34,444
3.71
0.25
(2.11)
2022
18,685
1.60
29,913
2.55
0.25
0.76
2021
13,528
1.59
21,495
1.89
0.25
14.09
MFS® Value Division
2025
2,853,372
2.11
6,012,364
1.58
0.25
13.01
2024
3,451,699
1.86
6,435,634
1.72
0.25
11.61
2023
3,118,821
1.67
5,209,972
1.72
0.25
7.93
2022
2,685,484
1.55
4,156,410
1.41
0.25
(5.91)
2021
2,366,296
1.64
3,892,335
2.58
0.25
25.45
MML Aggressive Allocation Division
2025
2,924,351
1.50
to
5.50
9,193,746
1.46
0.15
to
0.80
13.27
to
14.18
2024
2,532,357
1.33
to
4.82
7,677,322
1.17
0.15
to
0.80
11.84
to
12.57
2023
2,124,003
1.19
to
4.29
6,206,660
2.93
0.15
to
0.80
17.38
to
18.14
2022
1,786,393
1.01
to
3.63
4,854,623
2.11
0.15
to
0.80
(16.57)
to
(16.03)
2021
1,492,725
1.21
to
4.32
5,181,466
1.26
0.15
to
0.80
15.72
to
16.47
F-204
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
At December 31,
For the Years Ended December 31,
Units
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Ratio1
MML American Century Mid Cap Value Division4
2025
743,914
$1.50
to
$6.21
$2,461,025
2.38%
0.15%
to
0.80%
8.10%
to
8.80%
2024
975,451
1.39
to
5.71
2,678,085
1.82
0.15
to
0.80
7.66
to
8.36
2023
757,179
1.29
to
5.27
2,150,633
2.69
0.15
to
0.80
5.13
to
5.81
2022
642,693
1.23
to
4.98
1,904,806
2.09
0.15
to
0.80
(2.12)
to
(1.48)
2021
420,278
1.25
to
5.05
1,587,137
1.45
0.15
to
0.80
22.33
to
23.13
MML American Century Small Company Value Division4
2025
191,724
1.32
to
1.66
297,648
1.31
0.25
to
0.80
(4.16)
to
(3.39)
2024
187,230
1.38
to
1.72
322,220
0.82
0.25
to
0.80
6.32
to
7.18
2023
289,137
1.30
to
1.61
476,830
1.05
0.25
to
0.80
15.22
to
16.14
2022
245,703
1.13
to
1.38
366,609
0.20
0.25
to
0.80
(15.46)
to
(14.78)
2021
202,134
1.33
to
1.62
373,185
0.40
0.25
to
0.80
24.47
to
25.47
MML American Funds Core Allocation Division
2025
562,099
1.42
to
1.92
867,832
1.41
0.25
to
0.80
13.62
to
14.54
2024
1,253,979
1.25
to
1.68
1,716,359
1.79
0.25
to
0.80
10.97
to
11.87
2023
1,296,151
1.12
to
1.50
1,642,666
4.11
0.25
to
0.80
13.46
to
14.37
2022
597,979
0.99
to
1.31
677,026
1.85
0.25
to
0.80
(14.39)
to
(13.70)
2021
282,702
1.16
to
1.52
411,238
1.34
0.25
to
0.80
11.95
to
12.85
MML American Funds Growth Division
2025
4,187,936
1.92
to
4.01
8,135,798
0.25
to
0.80
18.71
to
19.66
2024
3,926,548
1.62
to
3.35
7,029,347
0.25
to
0.80
30.06
to
31.11
2023
3,681,159
1.24
to
2.55
5,056,453
1.53
0.25
to
0.80
36.86
to
37.96
2022
2,613,797
0.91
to
1.85
2,571,580
0.49
0.25
to
0.80
(30.85)
to
(30.29)
2021
1,198,749
1.32
to
2.66
1,838,786
0.25
to
0.80
20.58
to
21.54
MML American Funds International Division6
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
118,537
1.05
to
1.32
145,430
0.17
0.25
to
0.80
(2.74)
to
(1.96)
MML Balanced Allocation Division
2025
1,527,506
1.25
to
3.44
3,289,362
3.06
0.15
to
0.80
10.22
to
10.94
2024
1,400,420
1.13
to
3.10
2,781,401
2.32
0.15
to
0.80
6.83
to
7.53
2023
1,966,775
1.06
to
2.88
3,406,810
3.43
0.15
to
0.80
11.57
to
12.30
MML BlackRock iShares® 60/40 Division4,5
2025
70,734
1.35
93,714
1.96
0.80
13.75
2024
68,905
1.19
80,705
2.67
0.80
10.02
2023
5,872
1.08
6,350
3.95
0.80
MML BlackRock iShares® 80/20 Division4,5
2025
471,129
1.46
633,441
2.22
0.80
16.21
2024
81,170
1.25
101,015
2.46
0.80
13.53
2023
20,507
1.10
22,637
2.67
0.80
MML Blend Division
2025
6,509,095
4.50
to
5.20
36,424,996
2.06
0.25
to
1.00
11.72
to
12.56
2024
6,641,799
4.03
to
4.62
33,943,350
1.91
0.25
to
1.00
13.50
to
14.36
2023
6,897,148
3.55
to
4.04
31,734,010
1.70
0.25
to
1.00
16.45
to
17.32
2022
7,158,565
3.05
to
3.44
28,826,242
1.37
0.25
to
1.00
(17.42)
to
(16.80)
2021
7,024,572
3.69
to
4.13
35,476,330
2.12
0.25
to
1.00
13.88
to
14.74
MML Blue Chip Growth Division
2025
4,389,320
7.76
to
12.72
23,958,547
0.15
to
1.00
17.23
to
18.23
2024
5,206,253
6.62
to
10.76
23,568,027
0.15
to
1.00
34.34
to
35.50
2023
5,282,513
4.93
to
7.94
18,760,783
0.15
to
1.00
48.05
to
49.31
2022
4,734,451
3.33
to
5.32
12,264,297
0.15
to
1.00
(40.10)
to
(39.59)
2021
4,454,514
5.56
to
8.80
19,957,536
0.15
to
1.00
15.18
to
16.16
F-205
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
At  December 31,
For the Years Ended  December 31,
Units
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Ratio1
MML Conservative Allocation Division
2025
1,082,786
$1.20
to
$3.07
$2,080,463
3.45%
0.15%
to
0.80%
9.41%
to
10.12%
2024
1,209,029
1.10
to
2.78
2,122,420
2.65
0.15
to
0.80
5.76
to
6.45
2023
1,068,204
1.04
to
2.62
1,841,074
3.44
0.15
to
0.80
10.77
to
11.49
2022
897,259
0.94
to
2.35
1,469,272
3.89
0.15
to
0.80
(15.42)
to
(14.86)
2021
885,031
1.11
to
2.76
1,736,409
1.28
0.15
to
0.80
7.74
to
8.44
MML Dynamic Bond Division14
2025
2024
195,206
0.90
to
1.06
198,803
5.30
0.25
to
0.80
(1.17)
to
(0.38)
2023
179,247
0.91
to
1.06
185,010
4.87
0.25
to
0.80
7.13
to
7.99
2022
112,262
0.85
to
0.98
111,732
4.05
0.25
to
0.80
(14.66)
to
(13.97)
2021
73,050
1.00
to
1.14
86,483
4.35
0.25
to
0.80
(0.81)
to
(0.01)
MML Equity Division
2025
17,423,312
5.10
to
6.32
129,270,936
2.03
0.15
to
1.00
16.33
to
17.32
2024
17,479,575
4.39
to
5.39
114,938,414
1.98
0.15
to
1.00
18.19
to
19.21
2023
17,945,278
3.71
to
4.52
100,476,822
2.13
0.15
to
1.00
8.24
to
9.16
2022
18,932,957
3.43
to
4.14
97,574,237
1.62
0.15
to
1.00
(5.59)
to
(4.79)
2021
19,538,179
3.63
to
4.35
106,958,081
1.67
0.15
to
1.00
28.96
to
30.06
MML Equity Income Division
2025
1,348,041
1.70
to
5.42
3,792,136
1.36
0.15
to
0.80
13.53
to
14.27
2024
972,539
1.50
to
4.75
2,732,330
1.83
0.15
to
1.00
10.78
to
11.51
2023
1,539,176
1.35
to
4.26
3,455,063
2.36
0.15
to
1.00
8.67
to
9.38
2022
1,259,165
1.25
to
3.89
2,772,662
1.73
0.15
to
0.80
(4.33)
to
(3.71)
2021
859,260
1.30
to
4.04
2,229,954
2.33
0.15
to
0.80
24.58
to
25.39
MML Equity Index Division (Class II)
2025
17,110,896
7.56
to
9.18
139,866,521
1.19
0.15
to
1.00
16.41
to
17.40
2024
19,427,191
6.49
to
7.82
133,155,332
1.12
0.15
to
1.00
23.35
to
24.41
2023
20,275,166
5.26
to
6.29
112,287,793
1.41
0.15
to
1.00
24.68
to
25.74
2022
21,364,317
4.22
to
5.00
94,205,845
1.22
0.15
to
1.00
(19.16)
to
(18.47)
2021
22,436,830
5.22
to
6.13
121,243,867
1.43
0.15
to
1.00
27.10
to
28.18
MML Equity Index Division (Class III)
2025
9,283,023
1.97
15,681,136
1.47
0.80
16.77
2024
5,755,878
1.68
9,424,411
1.30
0.80
23.82
2023
4,252,177
1.36
5,781,443
1.67
0.80
25.09
2022
2,498,282
1.09
2,715,373
1.81
0.80
(18.88)
2021
635,956
1.34
852,050
1.99
0.80
27.52
MML Equity Index Division (Service Class I)
2025
2,416,993
3.10
7,485,198
0.75
0.25
17.07
2024
2,584,158
2.65
6,835,746
0.73
0.25
24.09
2023
2,738,435
2.13
5,837,511
1.00
0.25
25.44
MML Equity Rotation Division7
2025
2024
40,911
1.14
46,524
0.87
0.80
5.51
2023
48
1.08
52
0.80
MML Fidelity Institutional AM® Core Plus Bond Division4
2025
868,130
0.92
to
1.15
933,696
2.10
0.25
to
0.80
6.56
to
7.41
2024
1,506,307
0.87
to
1.07
1,558,355
4.99
0.25
to
0.80
(0.33)
to
0.47
2023
494,452
0.87
to
1.06
487,254
2.72
0.25
to
0.80
4.61
to
5.45
2022
308,977
0.83
to
1.01
297,648
1.44
0.25
to
0.80
(15.38)
to
(14.70)
2021
105,722
0.98
to
1.18
124,434
2.19
0.25
to
0.80
(1.98)
to
(1.19)
F-206
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
At December 31,
For the Years Ended December 31,
Units
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Ratio1
MML Focused Equity Division
2025
306,539
$1.51
to
$2.47
$651,395
0.89%
0.25%
to
0.80%
7.04%
to
7.90%
2024
283,276
1.41
to
2.29
564,851
0.97
0.25
to
0.80
9.21
to
10.09
2023
247,711
1.29
to
2.08
456,949
0.94
0.25
to
0.80
9.01
to
9.88
2022
254,360
1.19
to
1.89
457,452
0.81
0.25
to
0.80
(5.45)
to
(4.69)
2021
223,708
1.26
to
1.99
447,362
1.10
0.25
to
0.80
21.28
to
22.25
MML Foreign Division
2025
944,508
1.58
to
2.93
1,801,317
2.51
0.15
to
0.80
31.55
to
32.41
2024
621,396
1.20
to
2.22
956,464
3.12
0.15
to
0.80
2.63
to
3.30
2023
559,198
1.17
to
2.14
852,178
1.45
0.15
to
0.80
15.30
to
16.05
2022
483,229
1.02
to
1.85
640,251
4.11
0.15
to
0.80
(15.26)
to
(14.71)
2021
368,515
1.20
to
2.17
600,403
3.21
0.15
to
0.80
12.14
to
12.88
MML Fundamental Equity Division
2025
41,308,165
1.80
to
3.28
43,486,428
0.02
0.25
to
0.80
16.15
to
16.15
2024
682,627
1.56
to
2.83
1,877,598
0.78
0.25
to
0.80
22.72
to
23.71
2023
492,360
1.27
to
2.28
1,110,017
0.92
0.25
to
0.80
22.02
to
23.00
2022
508,371
1.04
to
1.86
944,692
0.58
0.25
to
0.80
(20.87)
to
(20.23)
2021
498,497
1.32
to
2.33
1,173,089
0.50
0.25
to
0.80
26.65
to
27.67
MML Fundamental Value Division15
2025
2024
465,182
1.63
to
2.00
904,262
0.84
0.25
to
0.80
14.55
to
15.47
2023
111,479
1.43
to
1.73
176,107
1.36
0.25
to
0.80
12.79
to
13.69
2022
84,557
1.26
to
1.52
121,606
1.15
0.25
to
0.80
(5.62)
to
(4.86)
2021
59,150
1.34
to
1.60
103,272
1.74
0.25
to
0.80
28.98
to
30.02
MML Global Division (Class II)
2025
96,543,219
1.46
to
5.70
103,449,152
0.02
0.15
to
0.80
22.13
to
22.93
2024
293,315
1.20
to
4.64
829,657
0.99
0.15
to
0.80
4.74
to
5.43
2023
277,802
1.14
to
4.40
762,803
0.86
0.15
to
0.80
13.46
to
14.20
2022
246,557
1.01
to
3.85
633,602
1.71
0.15
to
0.80
(18.37)
to
(17.84)
2021
194,922
1.23
to
4.69
680,782
0.97
0.15
to
0.80
16.49
to
17.25
MML Global Division (Service Class I)22
2025
2024
192,104
1.68
323,507
0.90
0.25
5.46
2023
182,688
1.60
291,727
0.68
0.25
14.08
2022
64,193
1.40
89,854
1.61
0.25
(18.00)
2021
75,112
1.71
128,214
0.40
0.25
17.27
MML Growth Allocation Division
2025
2,700,878
1.41
to
4.64
8,895,249
2.04
0.15
to
0.80
12.09
to
12.82
2024
2,520,335
1.26
to
4.11
7,833,613
1.59
0.15
to
0.80
10.04
to
10.76
2023
2,296,938
1.14
to
3.71
6,889,137
2.97
0.15
to
0.80
15.06
to
15.80
2022
2,152,103
0.99
to
3.21
5,719,560
2.75
0.15
to
0.80
(15.97)
to
(15.42)
2021
1,864,082
1.18
to
3.79
6,299,400
1.55
0.15
to
0.80
13.42
to
14.16
MML High Yield Division14
2025
2024
290,831
1.18
to
1.37
370,056
6.47
0.25
to
0.80
8.28
to
9.15
2023
209,556
1.09
to
1.26
251,328
7.41
0.25
to
0.80
12.31
to
13.21
2022
155,944
0.97
to
1.11
176,287
8.34
0.25
to
0.80
(12.42)
to
(11.72)
2021
69,726
1.11
to
1.26
100,492
9.64
0.25
to
0.80
7.26
to
8.12
MML Income & Growth Division
2025
442,414
1.80
to
5.49
1,457,753
1.81
0.15
to
0.80
12.44
to
13.17
2024
375,122
1.60
to
4.85
1,162,384
2.08
0.15
to
0.80
13.98
to
14.73
2023
654,223
1.41
to
4.23
1,498,140
2.13
0.15
to
0.80
8.33
to
9.03
2022
696,943
1.30
to
3.88
1,455,483
1.44
0.15
to
0.80
(1.11)
to
(0.46)
2021
590,823
1.31
to
3.90
1,290,144
1.84
0.15
to
0.80
25.27
to
26.08
F-207
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
At December 31,
For the Years Ended December 31,
Units
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Ratio1
MML Inflation-Protected and Income Division
2025
3,079,359
$1.66
to
$1.89
$5,830,418
4.69%
0.15%
to
1.00%
4.84%
to
5.73%
MML Invesco Discovery Large Cap Division18
2025
97,102,800
1.01
98,126,489
0.15
to
1.00
0.97
to
1.08
MML Invesco Discovery Mid Cap Division19
2025
61,332,715
1.00
to
1.01
61,669,276
0.15
to
1.00
0.47
to
0.58
MML Invesco Small Cap Equity Division4
2025
6,138,792
5.17
to
7.28
35,143,999
0.60
0.15
to
1.00
7.78
to
8.70
2024
6,068,883
4.80
to
6.70
32,701,218
0.15
to
1.00
11.81
to
12.77
2023
5,752,578
4.29
to
5.94
29,297,337
1.29
0.15
to
1.00
16.64
to
17.63
2022
5,997,831
3.68
to
5.05
26,401,149
0.71
0.15
to
1.00
(16.72)
to
(16.01)
2021
6,213,310
4.42
to
6.01
32,844,844
0.44
0.15
to
1.00
21.53
to
22.57
MML Loomis Sayles Large Cap Growth Division4
2025
827,481
2.01
to
3.87
1,952,850
0.25
to
0.80
14.18
to
15.09
2024
809,308
1.76
to
3.37
2,043,788
0.25
to
0.80
33.02
to
34.09
2023
414,702
1.32
to
2.51
727,768
0.25
to
0.80
50.51
to
51.71
2022
285,008
0.88
to
1.65
391,993
0.25
to
0.80
(28.13)
to
(27.55)
2021
156,091
1.22
to
2.28
361,278
0.07
0.25
to
0.80
17.47
to
18.41
MML Managed Bond Division
2025
12,414,862
1.80
to
1.85
26,795,712
3.99
0.15
to
1.00
6.78
to
7.69
2024
9,491,694
1.69
to
1.72
21,295,781
4.61
0.15
to
1.00
2.84
to
3.72
2023
10,003,280
1.64
to
1.66
21,581,042
4.29
0.15
to
1.00
5.64
to
6.54
2022
13,657,500
1.55
to
1.56
31,202,475
3.11
0.15
to
1.00
(15.85)
to
(15.14)
2021
13,994,912
1.84
to
1.85
38,237,306
3.17
0.15
to
1.00
(0.19)
to
0.66
MML Managed Volatility Division
2025
3,680,550
2.77
to
3.25
11,436,947
0.19
0.15
to
1.00
9.49
to
10.43
2024
3,840,274
2.53
to
2.95
10,842,473
0.60
0.15
to
1.00
13.70
to
14.68
2023
4,027,241
2.22
to
2.57
9,932,942
0.57
0.15
to
1.00
11.75
to
12.70
2022
4,500,097
1.99
to
2.28
9,820,548
0.49
0.15
to
1.00
(12.92)
to
(12.18)
2021
4,587,458
2.28
to
2.60
11,337,704
0.99
0.15
to
1.00
10.43
to
11.37
MML MFS International Equity Division4
2025
613,610
1.47
to
1.61
942,788
1.66
0.25
to
0.80
25.41
to
25.54
2024
321,003
1.18
to
1.28
414,973
0.63
0.25
to
0.80
0.03
to
0.84
2023
110,693
1.18
to
1.27
147,673
1.33
0.25
to
0.80
17.56
to
18.51
2022
92,824
1.00
to
1.07
106,158
1.27
0.25
to
0.80
(15.77)
to
(15.10)
2021
53,729
1.19
to
1.26
77,607
0.80
0.25
to
0.80
10.88
to
11.77
MML Mid Cap Growth Division
2025
54,154,078
1.23
to
8.28
58,482,085
0.15
to
0.80
3.52
to
4.19
2024
1,252,056
1.18
to
7.95
4,468,082
0.15
to
0.80
10.27
to
11.00
2023
974,670
1.07
to
7.16
3,525,830
0.15
to
0.80
21.67
to
22.46
2022
857,548
0.88
to
5.85
2,784,965
0.15
to
0.80
(25.71)
to
(25.23)
2021
802,155
1.19
to
7.82
3,539,804
0.15
to
0.80
12.31
to
13.04
MML Moderate Allocation Division
2025
653,678
1.31
to
3.85
1,895,458
2.70
0.15
to
0.80
10.94
to
11.66
2024
932,751
1.18
to
3.45
2,493,630
2.15
0.15
to
0.80
8.00
to
8.70
2023
976,188
1.10
to
3.18
2,336,284
3.33
0.15
to
0.80
12.99
to
13.73
2022
908,586
0.97
to
2.79
1,951,104
3.42
0.15
to
0.80
(15.65)
to
(15.10)
2021
771,376
1.15
to
3.29
2,037,126
1.39
0.15
to
0.80
11.10
to
11.83
F-208
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
At  December 31,
For the Years Ended  December 31,
Units
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Ratio1
MML Short-Duration Bond Division
2025
492,970
$1.10
to
$1.23
$598,527
4.68%
0.25%
to
0.80%
5.11%
to
5.96%
2024
393,058
1.04
to
1.16
450,690
3.97
0.25
to
0.80
5.62
to
6.48
2023
336,090
0.99
to
1.09
362,781
2.92
0.25
to
0.80
6.09
to
6.94
2022
502,027
0.93
to
1.02
506,638
3.73
0.25
to
0.80
(8.52)
to
(7.79)
2021
299,747
1.02
to
1.11
331,949
5.24
0.25
to
0.80
1.20
to
2.01
MML Small Cap Growth Equity Division
2025
3,960,797
5.69
to
6.90
20,313,835
0.33
0.15
to
1.00
6.27
to
7.18
2024
3,961,174
5.36
to
6.43
19,520,286
0.05
0.15
to
1.00
9.19
to
10.12
2023
4,063,245
4.91
to
5.84
18,257,517
0.15
to
1.00
15.68
to
16.67
2022
4,185,934
4.24
to
5.01
16,471,584
0.15
to
1.00
(23.92)
to
(23.27)
2021
3,903,146
5.58
to
6.53
21,049,615
0.15
to
1.00
6.24
to
7.15
MML Small/Mid Cap Value Division
2025
1,330,107
1.53
to
6.03
3,070,677
1.01
0.15
to
0.80
1.59
to
2.25
2024
524,749
1.50
to
5.89
1,598,683
0.86
0.15
to
0.80
9.41
to
10.13
2023
426,872
1.37
to
5.35
1,328,414
1.13
0.15
to
0.80
16.19
to
16.95
2022
379,722
1.18
to
4.58
1,059,183
1.24
0.15
to
0.80
(16.36)
to
(15.82)
2021
274,154
1.41
to
5.44
1,092,493
1.08
0.15
to
0.80
34.86
to
35.74
MML Strategic Emerging Markets Division16
2025
2024
313,940
0.75
to
1.08
262,527
0.72
0.25
to
0.80
(1.99)
to
(1.20)
2023
270,427
0.77
to
1.09
229,919
0.11
0.25
to
0.80
9.59
to
10.47
2022
240,158
0.70
to
0.99
187,636
3.75
0.25
to
0.80
(27.16)
to
(26.58)
2021
131,540
0.96
to
1.35
146,079
0.25
to
0.80
(8.79)
to
(8.06)
MML Sustainable Equity Division
2025
589,636
1.77
to
7.63
2,554,232
0.91
0.15
to
0.80
10.62
to
11.34
2024
555,635
1.60
to
6.86
2,268,937
1.01
0.15
to
0.80
18.98
to
19.76
2023
541,371
1.34
to
5.72
1,927,847
0.96
0.15
to
0.80
23.52
to
24.32
2022
535,130
1.09
to
4.60
1,617,946
0.95
0.15
to
0.80
(17.67)
to
(17.14)
2021
542,145
1.32
to
5.56
1,965,182
0.89
0.15
to
0.80
26.13
to
26.95
MML U.S. Government Money Market Division
2025
20,011,199
1.11
to
1.17
25,067,641
3.72
0.15
to
1.00
2.76
to
3.64
2024
20,371,690
1.08
to
1.13
24,494,792
4.66
0.15
to
1.00
3.75
to
4.64
2023
19,075,762
1.04
to
1.08
22,589,638
4.53
0.15
to
1.00
3.60
to
4.48
2022
21,118,133
1.00
to
1.03
24,334,917
1.27
0.15
to
1.00
0.22
to
1.07
2021
14,367,031
1.00
to
1.02
16,396,206
0.15
to
1.00
(1.00)
to
(0.15)
Nomura VIP Asset Strategy Division (Standard Class)4
2025
33,663
1.44
47,840
1.69
0.80
15.94
2024
31,795
1.24
39,359
1.98
0.80
11.85
2023
28,575
1.11
31,629
2.87
0.80
13.36
2022
19,360
0.98
18,903
2.97
0.80
(15.25)
2021
468
1.15
540
3.03
0.80
9.84
Nomura VIP Asset Strategy Division (Service Class)4
2025
73,467
2.02
to
2.06
150,296
1.30
0.25
to
0.75
16.66
2024
73,499
1.73
to
1.77
128,869
1.99
0.25
to
0.75
12.44
2023
79,234
1.54
to
1.57
123,761
2.24
0.25
to
0.75
13.94
2022
74,825
1.35
to
1.38
102,649
1.12
0.25
to
0.75
(14.74)
2021
115,137
1.58
to
1.62
185,834
1.94
0.25
to
0.75
10.44
Nomura VIP Emerging Markets Division4
2025
1,004,506
2.26
2,269,113
0.94
0.25
80.77
2024
635,785
1.25
794,471
2.11
0.25
4.77
2023
460,537
1.19
549,291
1.22
0.25
13.45
2022
177,788
1.05
186,917
4.03
0.25
(27.81)
2021
183,036
1.46
266,570
0.06
0.25
(3.13)
F-209
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
At December 31,
For the Years Ended December 31,
Units
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Ratio1
Nomura VIP Science and Technology Division4
2025
4,546
$
$4.14
$18,823
%
%
0.25%
%
33.37%
2024
5,942
3.10
18,450
0.25
30.59
2023
6,642
2.38
15,791
0.25
39.06
2022
8,330
1.71
14,241
0.25
(31.84)
2021
17,479
2.51
43,842
0.25
15.17
Nomura VIP Small Cap Value Division4
2025
403,785
1.70
687,711
1.24
0.25
7.83
2024
695,105
1.58
1,097,928
0.85
0.25
11.02
2023
576,506
1.42
820,214
0.62
0.25
9.10
2022
326,131
1.30
425,309
0.55
0.25
(12.36)
2021
326,567
1.49
485,921
0.33
0.25
34.01
PIMCO CommodityRealReturn® Strategy Division
2025
444,210
1.31
to
1.44
617,608
2.72
0.15
to
0.70
17.83
to
18.48
2024
432,962
1.11
to
1.21
507,807
2.07
0.15
to
0.70
3.24
to
3.81
2023
440,774
1.08
to
1.17
496,303
15.53
0.15
to
0.70
(8.57)
to
(8.07)
2022
447,376
1.18
to
1.27
544,010
20.51
0.15
to
0.70
7.91
to
8.50
2021
436,186
1.09
to
1.17
492,181
4.19
0.15
to
0.70
32.18
to
32.91
PIMCO Global Bond Opportunities Division
2025
223,708
1.16
260,209
4.52
0.25
12.78
2024
210,929
1.03
217,541
3.53
0.25
(0.50)
2023
206,390
1.04
213,927
2.25
0.25
5.26
2022
197,782
0.98
194,756
1.49
0.25
(11.01)
2021
210,849
1.11
233,307
4.93
0.25
(4.16)
PIMCO High Yield Division
2025
132,384
1.47
194,064
6.27
0.25
8.99
2024
133,274
1.35
179,260
5.83
0.25
6.90
2023
134,084
1.26
168,702
5.66
0.25
12.25
2022
134,880
1.12
151,184
5.04
0.25
(10.30)
2021
142,359
1.25
177,886
4.40
0.25
3.64
PIMCO Income Division5
2025
104,040
1.21
125,898
5.26
0.80
9.51
2024
22,123
1.11
24,494
6.00
0.80
4.73
2023
14,068
1.06
14,872
0.33
0.25
PIMCO Real Return Division
2025
16,798
1.28
21,523
3.32
0.25
7.87
2024
17,893
1.19
21,254
2.59
0.25
2.14
2023
18,460
1.16
21,468
3.05
0.25
3.67
2022
16,844
1.12
18,894
7.06
0.25
(11.91)
2021
17,000
1.27
21,647
4.92
0.25
5.61
PIMCO Total Return Division
2025
243,491
1.19
290,554
4.08
0.25
8.92
2024
170,342
1.10
186,628
4.04
0.25
2.54
2023
147,323
1.07
157,414
3.56
0.25
5.94
2022
161,489
1.01
162,878
2.60
0.25
(14.31)
2021
166,564
1.18
196,048
1.85
0.25
(1.27)
T. Rowe Price All-Cap Opportunities Division
2025
665,120
9.22
to
12.12
6,224,704
0.30
to
0.75
15.43
to
15.95
2024
741,742
7.99
to
10.45
6,033,137
0.07
0.30
to
0.75
24.22
to
24.78
2023
766,818
6.43
to
8.38
5,015,740
0.25
0.30
to
0.75
28.00
to
28.58
2022
764,364
5.02
to
6.52
3,904,349
0.30
to
0.75
(22.10)
to
(21.74)
2021
750,541
6.45
to
8.33
4,920,302
0.30
to
0.75
19.89
to
20.43
F-210
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
At  December 31,
For the Years Ended  December 31,
Units
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Ratio1
T. Rowe Price Blue Chip Growth Division
2025
2,969,130
$10.05
to
$13.46
$35,371,464
%
0.25%
to
1.00%
17.56%
to
18.44%
2024
3,021,193
8.55
to
11.37
30,359,367
0.25
to
1.00
34.16
to
35.17
2023
3,094,494
6.37
to
8.41
22,991,984
0.25
to
1.00
47.81
to
48.92
2022
3,087,115
4.31
to
5.65
15,415,377
0.25
to
1.00
(39.11)
to
(38.66)
2021
3,170,366
7.08
to
9.21
25,875,360
0.25
to
1.00
16.45
to
17.33
T. Rowe Price Equity Income Division
2025
4,639,578
4.80
to
6.45
26,442,128
1.65
0.25
to
1.00
13.22
to
14.08
2024
4,853,146
4.24
to
5.65
24,251,056
1.83
0.25
to
1.00
10.58
to
11.42
2023
5,059,409
3.83
to
5.07
22,722,896
2.10
0.25
to
1.00
8.45
to
9.27
2022
5,285,312
3.53
to
4.64
21,757,838
1.87
0.25
to
1.00
(4.30)
to
(3.58)
2021
5,487,164
3.69
to
4.82
23,530,078
1.58
0.25
to
1.00
24.30
to
25.24
T. Rowe Price Limited-Term Bond Division
2025
43,804
1.23
to
1.92
54,044
4.28
0.25
to
0.40
5.30
to
5.73
2024
57,338
1.17
to
1.82
66,958
4.20
0.25
to
0.40
4.55
to
4.97
2023
64,225
1.11
to
1.74
71,538
3.29
0.25
to
0.40
4.53
to
4.94
2022
80,657
1.06
to
1.67
85,673
2.09
0.25
to
0.40
(4.90)
to
(4.52)
2021
43,051
1.11
to
1.75
48,102
1.35
0.25
to
0.40
(0.32)
to
0.13
T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Growth Division21
2025
724,140
8.38
to
10.31
7,079,331
0.40
to
0.55
2.98
to
2.98
2024
6,870,058
7.35
to
12.31
64,458,518
0.25
to
1.00
8.22
to
9.04
2023
7,274,609
6.79
to
11.29
62,691,476
0.25
to
1.00
18.77
to
19.66
2022
7,680,620
5.72
to
9.44
55,286,883
0.25
to
1.00
(23.35)
to
(22.77)
2021
8,065,644
7.46
to
12.22
75,155,920
0.25
to
1.00
13.71
to
14.56
Templeton Foreign VIP Division
2025
4,617,363
2.62
to
2.84
13,964,951
2.37
0.25
to
1.00
27.91
to
28.87
2024
5,116,040
2.05
to
2.21
12,040,733
2.38
0.25
to
1.00
(1.99)
to
(1.25)
2023
5,020,897
2.09
to
2.23
11,962,059
3.17
0.25
to
1.00
19.56
to
20.46
2022
5,220,787
1.75
to
1.86
10,195,403
3.00
0.25
to
1.00
(8.52)
to
(7.84)
2021
5,875,466
1.91
to
2.01
12,160,131
1.84
0.25
to
1.00
3.12
to
3.90
Templeton Global Bond VIP Division
2025
83,095
0.95
78,847
0.25
16.09
2024
84,558
0.82
69,117
0.25
(11.13)
2023
68,923
0.92
63,391
0.25
3.19
2022
66,481
0.89
59,252
0.25
(4.85)
2021
43,381
0.94
40,634
0.25
(4.62)
Vanguard VIF Global Bond Index Division
2025
734,117
0.94
702,158
2.62
0.80
4.85
2024
544,696
0.90
491,460
2.69
0.80
1.22
2023
508,934
0.89
451,957
1.74
0.80
5.67
2022
391,189
0.84
328,749
2.35
0.80
(13.82)
2021
196,349
0.98
191,467
0.24
0.80
(2.62)
Vanguard VIF Mid Cap Index Division
2025
1,712,325
1.52
2,545,560
1.14
0.80
10.65
2024
1,383,769
1.37
1,887,828
1.32
0.80
14.15
2023
1,176,536
1.20
1,412,794
1.20
0.80
14.91
2022
705,838
1.04
737,593
0.81
0.80
(19.47)
2021
247,101
1.30
320,634
0.10
0.80
23.37
Vanguard VIF Real Estate Index Division
2025
648,472
1.22
787,682
2.46
0.80
2.29
2024
513,367
1.19
611,116
2.95
0.80
3.90
2023
440,975
1.15
505,477
2.22
0.80
10.81
2022
313,512
1.03
324,311
1.54
0.80
(26.88)
2021
156,470
1.41
221,372
0.17
0.80
39.09
F-211
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
At December 31,
For the Years Ended December 31,
Units
Unit Value3
(Lowest to Highest)
Net Assets
Investment
Expense Ratio2
(Lowest to Highest)
Total Return3
(Lowest to Highest)
Income
Ratio1
Vest US Large Cap 10% Buffer Strategies VI Division25
2025
$
$
$
%
%
%
%
%
2024
391
1.11
435
0.80
10.07
Voya International Index Division
2025
1,234,486
1.81
2,239,426
2.20
0.25
30.48
2024
1,250,351
1.39
1,738,411
2.55
0.25
2.72
2023
1,380,711
1.35
1,868,907
4.77
0.25
17.54
2022
1,296,850
1.15
1,493,445
3.27
0.25
(14.87)
2021
1,251,780
1.35
1,693,422
1.88
0.25
10.62
Voya Russell™ Mid Cap Index Division
2025
937,219
2.19
2,054,337
0.80
0.25
9.92
2024
1,675,297
1.99
3,340,766
0.98
0.25
14.55
2023
1,695,519
1.74
2,951,626
1.58
0.25
16.51
2022
1,387,761
1.49
2,073,613
0.74
0.25
(17.77)
2021
1,262,767
1.82
2,294,465
0.79
0.25
21.80
Voya Russell™ Small Cap Index Division
2025
442,565
1.87
826,977
1.35
0.25
12.07
2024
549,389
1.67
916,023
0.98
0.25
10.82
2023
508,815
1.50
765,547
1.50
0.25
16.35
2022
399,075
1.29
516,043
0.50
0.25
(20.89)
2021
265,008
1.63
433,177
0.46
0.25
14.04
VY® CBRE Global Real Estate Division
2025
208,250
2.58
to
2.84
572,735
2.73
0.15
to
0.70
5.79
to
6.37
2024
230,199
2.44
to
2.67
596,379
2.78
0.15
to
0.70
(0.58)
to
(0.03)
2023
242,413
2.46
to
2.67
627,757
1.79
0.15
to
0.70
11.55
to
12.16
2022
231,202
2.20
to
2.38
531,668
3.01
0.15
to
0.70
(25.65)
to
(25.24)
2021
227,531
2.96
to
3.19
701,469
2.71
0.15
to
0.70
33.21
to
33.94
1The investment income ratios represent the dividends, excluding distributions of capital gains, received by the division from the underlying fund,
divided by the average net assets. These ratios exclude expenses, such as mortality and expense charges, that are assessed against policy owner
accounts either through reductions in the unit values or the redemption of units. The recognition of investment income by the division is affected
by the timing of the declaration of dividends by the underlying fund in which the division invests.
2The expense ratios represent the annualized policy expense of the divisions of the Separate Account, consisting primarily of mortality and
expense charges, for each period indicated. The ratios include only those expenses that result in a direct reduction of unit values. Charges made
directly to policy owner accounts through the redemption of units and expenses of the underlying fund have been excluded.
3The total returns are for the periods indicated, including changes in the value of the underlying fund, and the expenses assessed through the
reduction of unit values. These ratios do not include any expenses assessed through the redemption of units. As the total return is presented as a
range of minimum to maximum values, based on the product grouping representing the related minimum and maximum expense ratio amounts,
some individual policy total returns and unit values are not within the ranges presented.
4See Note 2 to the financial statements for the previous name of this division.
5This fund/division became available to the Separate Account as an investment option on May 1, 2023, and is presented from the year when the
investment or unit activity has been started.
6For the period January 1, 2022 to November 4, 2022. Effective November 4, 2022 this Division liquidated and any contract value in the
Division after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on November 4, 2022 was automatically transferred to the MML U.S. Government
Money Market Division.
7For the period January 1, 2025 to April 25, 2025. Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on April 25, 2025, the MML Equity
Rotation Fund substituted into the MML Large Cap Growth Fund and any contract value in the corresponding division was automatically
transferred to the MML Large Cap Growth division.
8This fund/division became available to the Separate Account as an investment option on October 16, 2020, and is presented from the year when
the investment or unit activity has been started.
9Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on May 1, 2023, the JPMorgan Insurance Trust U.S. Equity Portfolio merged into the
LVIP JPMorgan U.S. Equity Fund. As a result of the underlying fund merger, the LVIP JPMorgan U.S. Equity Division was added as an
investment option and assumed the accounting and performance history of the JPMorgan Insurance Trust U.S. Equity Division.
10This fund/division became available to the Separate Account as an investment option on May 1, 2021, and is presented from the year when the
investment or unit activity has been started.
F-212
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
11This fund/division became available to the Separate Account as an investment option on December 13, 2021, and is presented from the year
when the investment or unit activity has been started.
12After the close of business on April 26, 2024, Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Fund acquired all the net assets of Invesco V.I.
  Conservative Balanced Fund pursuant to a plan of reorganization approved by the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds on September 20,
2023 and by the shareholders of the Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Fund on January 18, 2024. Shares of Invesco V.I. Conservative
Balanced Fund were exchanged for the like class of shares of Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Fund, based on the relative net asset value of the
two funds which resulted in Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Fund receiving 0.89134224 shares of Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Fund in
exchange of 1 share of Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Fund. As a result of the underlying fund merger, the division name changed from
Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Fund to Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Fund. Financial Highlights for the years 2021-2023 correspond to
the Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Division.
13After the close of business on April 29, 2022, Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond Fund acquired all the net assets of Invesco V.I. Core Bond Fund
pursuant to a plan of reorganization approved by the Board of Trustees of the Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond Fund on December 1, 2021 and by
the shareholders of the Invesco V.I. Core Bond Fund on March 31, 2022. The acquisition was accomplished by a tax free exchange as of the
close of business on April 29, 2022. Shares of Invesco V.I. Core Bond Fund were exchanged for the like class of shares of Invesco V.I. Core
Plus Bond Fund, based on the relative net asset value of the two funds which resulted in Invesco V.I. Core Bond Fund receiving 1.15816327
shares of Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond in exchange of 1 share of Invesco V.I Core Bond. As a result of the underlying fund merger, the division
name changed from Invesco V.I. Core Bond Fund to Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond Fund. Financial Highlights for the year 2021 correspond to
the Invesco V.I. Core Bond Division.
14For the period January 1, 2025 to April 25, 2025. Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on April 25, 2025, the MML
Dynamic Bond Division substituted into the MML Managed Bond fund and any contract value in the corresponding Division was automatically
transferred to the MML Managed Bond Division.
15For the period January 1, 2025 to April 25, 2025. Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on April 25, 2025, the MML
Fundamental Value Division substituted into the MML Equity Income Division and any contract value in the corresponding division was
automatically transferred to the MML Equity Income Division.
16For the period January 1, 2025 to April 25, 2025. Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on April 25, 2025, the MML
Strategic Emerging Markets Division substituted into the MML International Equity Division and any contract value in the corresponding
division was automatically transferred to the MML International Equity Division.
17For the period January 1, 2025 to November 14, 2025. Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on November 14, 2025, the
Invesco V.I. Main Street Division(R) substituted into the MML Fundamental Equity Division and any contract value in the corresponding
division was automatically transferred to the MML Fundamental Equity Division.
18For the period January 1, 2025 to November 14, 2025. Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on November 14, 2025,
certain assets of the Invesco V.I. Discovery Large Cap Division substituted into the MML Invesco Discovery Large Cap Division and any
contract value in the corresponding division was automatically transferred to the MML Invesco Discovery Large Cap Division.
19For the period January 1, 2025 to November 14, 2025. Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on November 14, 2025,
certain assets of the Invesco V.I. Discovery Mid Cap Growth Division substituted into the MML Invesco Discovery Mid Cap Division and any
contract value in the corresponding division was automatically transferred to the MML Invesco Discovery Mid Cap Division.
20For the period January 1, 2025 to November 14, 2025. Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on November 14, 2025,
certain assets of the Invesco V.I. Global Division substituted into the MML Global Division (Class II) and any contract value in the
corresponding division was automatically transferred to the MML Global Division (Class II).
21For the period January 1, 2025 to November 14, 2025. Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on November 14, 2025,
certain assets of the T. Rowe Price Mid Cap Growth Division substituted into the MML Mid Cap Growth Division and any contract value in the
corresponding division was automatically transferred to the MML Mid Cap Growth Division.
22For the period January 1, 2025 to November 14, 2025. Effective after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on November 14, 2025, the
MML Global Division (Service Class I) merged into the MML Global Division (Class II) and any contract value in the corresponding division
was automatically transferred to the  MML Global Division (Class II).
23This fund/division became available to the Separate Account as an investment option on November 25, 2024, and is presented from the year
when the investment or unit activity has been started.
24This fund/division became available to the Separate Account as an investment option on June 26, 2017, and is presented from the year when the 
investment or unit activity has been started.
25For the period January 1, 2025 to December 15, 2025. Effective December 15, 2025 this Division liquidated and any contract value in the
Division after the close of the New York Stock Exchange on December 15, 2025 was automatically transferred to the MML U.S. Government
Money Market Division.
F-213
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
B. The Separate Account assesses “current” charges associated with each policy. These charges are either
assessed as a direct reduction in unit values or through a redemption of units for all policies contained
within the Separate Account. Charges shown below state charges assessed at a monthly rate unless
otherwise specified.
Administrative Charge
$0 - $12 per month per policy
This charge is assessed through the redemption
of units.
Asset Charge/Mortality and Expense Risk Charge
Effective annual rate of 0.10% - 1.00% of the
policy’s assets held in the Separate Account.
This charge is assessed through a reduction in
unit values or through the redemption of units.
Additional Mortality Fees
$0.00 to $83.33 per $1,000 of insurance risk                             
$0.08 to $83.33 per $1,000 of face amount
This charge is assessed through a redemption of
units.
Face Amount Charge
$0.00 - $1.79 per month per $1,000 face amount
of policy; or charge is based on the initial selected
face amount of the Policy, the issue age of the
insured, and the Policy year in which the
deduction is made.
This charge is assessed through a redemption of
units.
Insurance Charge/Cost of Insurance
Protection Charge/Mortality Charge
$0.00 - $83.33 per month per $1,000 of insurance
risk; or MassMutual may charge up to the
maximum rate in the Table of Maximum Monthly
Mortality Charges in a Policy. MassMutual may
charge less than the maximum. If policies are
issued in a Group Case, any changes in these
charges will apply to all policies in the same case.
These charges are assessed through a
redemption of units.
Loan Interest Rate Expense Charge
Effective annual rate of 0.00% - 1.00% of the loan
amount
This charge is assessed through a redemption of
units.
F-214
Notes To Financial Statements (Continued)
8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)
Rider Charges:
The rider charges do not apply to all products within the Separate Account.
These charges are assessed through a redemption of units.
A.    Accidental Death Benefit
$0.025 - $0.12929 per $1,000 of coverage
B.    Additional Insurance
$0.01 to $82.50 per $1,000 of insurance risk
$0.00 to $0.41 per $1,000 of face amount
C.    Death Benefit Guarantee
$0.01 per $1,000 of face amount
D.    Disability Benefit
$0.00 to $0.32 per $1 of monthly deductions
$0.00 to $0.04 per $1 of specified benefit amount
$0.009 to $0.149 per $1 of specified premium
$0.00 to $0.09783 per $1,000 of insurance risk
E.    Estate Protection
$0.00 to $21.96 per $1,000 of insurance risk
F.    Guaranteed Insurability
$0.03 to $0.11 per $1,000 of option amount
G.    Insurability Protection
$0.043 to $0.179 per $1,000 of rider face amount
H.    Other Insured
$0.01 to $79.16 per $1,000 of insurance risk
I.    Survivorship Term
$0.00 to $80.83 per $1,000 of insurance risk
$0.00 to $0.30 per $1,000 of face amount
J.  Waiver of Monthly Charges
$0.00 to $0.349 per $1 of monthly deductions
$4.55 to $11.98 per $100 of monthly deductions
K.  Waiver of Specified Premium
$0.00 to $0.28 per $1 of monthly deduction
$0.00 to $0.04 per $1 of specified premium
amount
L.    Additional Mortality Fees
$0.00 to $83.33 per $1,000 of insurance risk                             
$0.00 to $83.33 per $1,000 of face amount
M.    Underwriting Charge
$0.01 to $0.06 per $1,000 of selected face amount
N.    Term Rider
$0.01 to $36.72 per $1,000 of insurance risk
O.  Children's Level Term Insurance Rider
$4.50 per month
P.  Spouse Level Term Insurance Rider
$0.06 - $0.78 per $1,000 of rider coverage
Q.  Overloan Protection Rider
0.33% - 3.71% of account value
9. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Separate Account’s management has reviewed events occurring through March 10, 2026, the date the
financial statements were issued, and no subsequent events occurred requiring accrual or disclosure.
 
 

 




MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY


STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024 and
for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023





Table of Contents
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Notes to Statutory Financial Statements:
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KPMG LLP

One Financial Plaza

755 Main Street

Hartford, CT 06103

 

Independent Auditors’ Report

Audit Committee of the Board of Directors

Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company:

Opinions

We have audited the financial statements of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (the Company), which comprise the statutory statements of financial position as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related statutory statements of operations, changes in surplus, and cash flows for the three-year period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes to the financial statements.

Unmodified Opinion on Statutory Basis of Accounting

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the three-year period ended December 31, 2025, in accordance with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Division of Insurance described in Note 2.

Adverse Opinion on U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

In our opinion, because of the significance of the matter discussed in the Basis for Adverse Opinion on U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles section of our report, the financial statements do not present fairly, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, or the results of its operations or its cash flows for the three-year period ended December 31, 2025.

Basis for Opinions

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAS). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are required to be independent of the Company and to meet our other ethical responsibilities, in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements relating to our audits. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinions.

Basis for Adverse Opinion on U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

As described in Note 2 to the financial statements, the financial statements are prepared by the Company using accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Division of Insurance, which is a basis of accounting other than U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Accordingly, the financial statements are not intended to be presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The effects on the financial statements of the variances between the statutory accounting practices described in Note 2 and U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, although not reasonably determinable, are presumed to be material and pervasive.

Responsibilities of Management for the Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Division of

KPMG LLP, a Delaware limited liability partnership, and its subsidiaries are part of

the KPMG global organization of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG

International Limited, a private English company limited by guarantee.

 

 

 

Insurance. Management is also responsible for the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, management is required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.

Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors’ report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not absolute assurance and therefore is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with GAAS will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Misstatements are considered material if there is a substantial likelihood that, individually or in the aggregate, they would influence the judgment made by a reasonable user based on the financial statements.

In performing an audit in accordance with GAAS, we:

Exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.
Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, and design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.
Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control. Accordingly, no such opinion is expressed.
Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluate the overall presentation of the financial statements.
Conclude whether, in our judgment, there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time.

 

We are required to communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit, significant audit findings, and certain internal control related matters that we identified during the audit.

 

Hartford, Connecticut

February 26, 2026

 

 

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
STATUTORY STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION



December 31, December 31,
2025 2024
(In Millions)
Assets:
Bonds $ 171,236 $ 163,629
Preferred stocks 1,651 1,019
Common stocks – subsidiaries and affiliates 25,109 25,840
Common stocks – unaffiliated 1,246 1,198
Mortgage loans 24,698 23,692
Policy loans 19,042 17,658
Real estate 327 323
Partnerships and limited liability companies 15,394 14,747
Derivatives 22,194 24,220
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments 8,126 6,004
Other invested assets 6,341 3,515
Total invested assets 295,364 281,845
Investment income due and accrued 4,978 5,347
Federal income taxes 808 552
Net deferred income taxes 2,273 1,857
Other than invested assets 6,659 6,334
Total assets excluding separate accounts 310,082 295,935
Separate account assets 46,047 49,251
Total assets $ 356,129 $ 345,186
Liabilities and Surplus:
Policyholders' reserves $ 187,581 $ 178,258
Liabilities for deposit-type contracts 24,012 21,228
Contract claims and other benefits 719 595
Policyholders' dividends 2,879 2,533
General expenses due or accrued 1,418 917
Asset valuation reserve 6,338 5,952
Repurchase agreements 3,441 3,408
Debt 499 250
Collateral 1,578 1,915
Derivatives 16,916 16,774
Funds held under coinsurance 29,958 29,625
Other liabilities 5,595 6,741
Total liabilities excluding separate accounts 280,934 268,196
Separate account liabilities 45,968 49,108
Total liabilities 326,902 317,304
Surplus 29,227 27,882
Total liabilities and surplus $ 356,129 $ 345,186








See accompanying notes to statutory financial statements
1


MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
STATUTORY STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(In Millions)
Revenue:
Premium income $ 21,621  $ 21,198  $ 25,490 
Net investment income 13,362  11,661  11,043 
Fees and other income 1,312  1,258  1,028 
Total revenue 36,295  34,117  37,561 
Benefits, expenses and other deductions:
Policyholders' benefits 19,426  16,945  17,369 
Change in policyholders' reserves 7,087  9,047  12,273 
General insurance expenses 2,606  2,337  2,333 
Commissions 1,310  1,435  1,423 
State taxes, licenses and fees 312  325  329 
Other deductions 1,631  1,070  1,122 
Total benefits, expenses and other deductions 32,372  31,159  34,849 
Net gain from operations before dividends and federal income taxes 3,923  2,958  2,712 
Dividends to policyholders 2,836  2,501  2,131 
Net gain from operations before federal income taxes 1,087  457  581 
Federal income tax (benefit) expense (56) (293) 116 
Net gain from operations 1,143  750  465 
Net realized capital losses (1,062) (801) (490)
Net income (loss) $ 81  $ (51) $ (25)








See accompanying notes to statutory financial statements
2


MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
STATUTORY STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SURPLUS

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(In Millions)
Surplus, beginning of year $ 27,882  $ 28,877  $ 27,941 
Net increase (decrease) due to:
Net income (loss) 81  (51) (25)
Change in net unrealized capital gains (losses), net of tax 579  (194)
Change in net unrealized foreign exchange capital gains (losses), net of tax 844  (261) 376 
Change in other net deferred income taxes 100  244  462 
Change in nonadmitted assets 803  (191) 365 
Change in asset valuation reserve (386) 37  (315)
Change in surplus notes —  (50) (149)
Change in pension overfunded asset (518) 39  (7)
Prior period adjustments (18) (328) 173 
Other (140) (240) 48 
Net increase (decrease) 1,345  (995) 936 
Surplus, end of year
$ 29,227  $ 27,882  $ 28,877 








See accompanying notes to statutory financial statements
3


MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
STATUTORY STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(In Millions)
Cash from operations:
Premium and other income collected $ 22,734  $ 22,405  $ 26,418 
Net investment income 14,650  10,079  12,269 
Benefit payments (18,853) (16,553) (17,077)
Net transfers from separate accounts 2,208  1,943  1,611 
Commissions and other expenses (5,561) (5,132) (5,208)
Dividends paid to policyholders (2,501) (2,118) (1,908)
Federal and foreign income taxes paid 250  82  58 
Net cash from operations 12,927  10,706  16,163 
Cash from investments:
Proceeds from investments sold, matured or repaid:
Bonds 43,326  40,246  23,801 
Preferred and common stocks – unaffiliated 181  251  290 
Common stocks – affiliated 2,040  191  105 
Mortgage loans 5,175  4,545  3,621 
Real estate (21)
Partnerships and limited liability companies 1,757  2,740  1,830 
Derivatives (731) (533) (214)
Other (904) (1,093) (518)
Total investment proceeds 50,848  46,326  28,920 
Cost of investments acquired:
Bonds (50,530) (60,110) (32,278)
Preferred and common stocks – unaffiliated (625) (1,069) (316)
Common stocks – affiliated (304) (177) (256)
Mortgage loans (6,455) (4,667) (2,896)
Real estate (6) (3) (8)
Partnerships and limited liability companies (3,263) (3,231) (2,988)
Derivatives 199  248  — 
Other (591) 441  153 
Total investments acquired (61,575) (68,568) (38,589)
Net (increase) decrease in policy loans (1,384) (1,762) 1,158 
Net cash used in investing activities (12,111) (24,004) (8,511)
Cash from financing and miscellaneous sources:
Net deposits on deposit-type contracts 2,021  1,219  1,238 
Change in surplus notes —  (50) (150)
Change in repurchase agreements 32  195  171 
Change in collateral (320) (114) (2,024)
Other cash (used) provided (427) 6,918  (1,321)
Net cash from (used in) financing and miscellaneous sources 1,306  8,168  (2,086)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments 2,122  (5,130) 5,566 
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments:
Beginning of year 6,004  11,134  5,568 
End of year
$ 8,126  $ 6,004  $ 11,134 








See accompanying notes to statutory financial statements
4


MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.    Nature of operations

Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (MassMutual or the Company), a mutual life insurance company domiciled in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and its domestic life insurance subsidiaries provide individual and group life insurance, disability income insurance (DI), individual and group annuities and guaranteed interest contracts (GICs) to individual and institutional customers in all 50 states of the United States of America (U.S.), the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Products and services are offered primarily through the Company’s affiliated distribution channel, MassMutual Strategic Distributors (MMSD), Institutional Solutions (IS) and Worksite distribution channels.

The affiliated distribution channel is a sales force of financial professionals that operate in the U.S. The affiliated distribution channel sells life insurance, annuities, hybrid life, and DI. The Company’s MMSD channel sells life insurance, DI, annuity, and hybrid life solutions through a network of third-party distribution partners. The Company’s IS distribution channel places group annuities, life insurance and GICs primarily through retirement advisory firms, actuarial consulting firms, investment banks, insurance benefit advisors and investment management companies. The Company’s Worksite channel works with advisors and employers across the country to provide American workers with voluntary and executive benefits such as group whole life insurance, group critical illness insurance, group accident insurance and DI, through the workplace.

2.    Summary of significant accounting policies

a.    Basis of presentation

The statutory financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the statutory accounting practices of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) and the accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Division of Insurance (the Division).

Statutory accounting practices are different in some respects from financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP). The more significant differences between statutory accounting practices and U.S. GAAP are as follows:

Invested assets

Bonds are generally carried at amortized cost, whereas U.S. GAAP reports bonds at fair value for bonds available for sale and trading or at amortized cost for bonds held to maturity
Non-conforming bonds are generally carried at purchase price, whereas U.S GAAP does not have the concept of non-conforming bonds
Residual tranches are generally carried at the lower of cost or market, whereas U.S. GAAP reports residual tranches at fair value
Investments in surplus notes are generally carried at purchase price and accrued income is disallowed, whereas U.S. GAAP reports investments in surplus notes at fair value and accrued income is allowed
Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are recorded as changes in surplus, whereas U.S. GAAP generally reports these changes in revenue unless deemed an effective hedge
Interest rate and credit default swaps associated with replicated synthetic investment transactions are carried at amortized cost, whereas U.S. GAAP would carry them at fair value
Embedded derivatives are recorded as part of the underlying contract, whereas U.S. GAAP would identify and bifurcate certain embedded derivatives from the host contract or security and account for them separately at fair value
Income recognition on partnerships and limited liability companies, which are accounted for under the equity method, is limited to the amount of cash distribution and accumulated undistributed earnings, whereas U.S. GAAP is without limitation
Certain majority-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities are accounted for using the equity method, whereas U.S. GAAP would consolidate these entities
5    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Financial assets including mortgage and other commercial loans, equipment loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, and trade, lease, reinsurance and other receivables are accounted for using the other-than-temporary impairments(s) (OTTI) model described in Note 2ee, whereas U.S. GAAP would use the current expected credit loss impairment model for these financial assets carried at amortized cost

Policyholders’ liabilities

Statutory policy reserves are generally based upon prescribed methods, such as the Commissioners’ Reserve Valuation Method, Commissioners’ Annuity Reserve Valuation Method or net level premium method, and prescribed statutory mortality, morbidity and interest assumptions at the time of issuance, whereas U.S. GAAP policy reserves would generally be based upon the net level premium method or the estimated gross margin method with estimates of future mortality, morbidity, persistency and interest
Liabilities for policyholders’ reserves, unearned premium, and unpaid claims are presented net of reinsurance ceded, whereas U.S. GAAP would present the liabilities on a direct basis and report an asset for the amounts recoverable or due from reinsurers
Payments received for universal and variable life insurance products, certain variable and fixed deferred annuities and group annuity contracts are reported as premium income and corresponding change in reserves, whereas U.S. GAAP would treat these payments as deposits to policyholders’ account balances

General insurance expenses and commissions

Certain acquisition costs, such as commissions and other variable costs, directly related to successfully acquiring new business are charged to current operations as incurred, whereas U.S. GAAP generally would capitalize these expenses and amortize them based on a constant level basis over the expected life of the contracts

Net realized capital (losses) gains

After-tax realized capital (losses) gains that result from changes in the overall level of interest rates for all types of fixed-income investments and interest-related hedging activities are deferred into the interest maintenance reserve (IMR) and amortized into revenue, whereas U.S. GAAP reports these gains and losses as revenue

Surplus

Changes in the balances of deferred income taxes, which provide for book versus tax temporary differences, are subject to limitation and are recorded in surplus, whereas U.S. GAAP would generally include the change in deferred taxes in net income without limitation
Assets are reported at admitted asset value and assets designated as nonadmitted are excluded through a charge against surplus, whereas U.S. GAAP recognizes all assets, net of any valuation allowances
An asset valuation reserve (AVR) is reported as a contingency reserve to stabilize surplus against fluctuations in the statement value of real estate, partnerships and limited liability companies and certain common stocks as well as credit-related changes in the value of bonds, mortgage loans and certain derivatives, whereas U.S. GAAP does not record this reserve and deploys the current expected credit loss impairment model as changes through equity
Changes to the mortgage loan valuation allowance are recognized in net unrealized capital gains (losses), net of tax, in the Statutory Statements of Changes in Surplus, whereas U.S. GAAP follows the current expected credit losses model with changes recognized in the income statement
The overfunded status of pension and other postretirement plans, which is the excess of the fair value of the plan assets over the projected benefit obligation, is a nonadmitted asset for statutory accounting whereas U.S. GAAP recognizes the overfunded status as an asset
Surplus notes issued by the Company are reported in surplus, whereas U.S. GAAP reports these notes as liabilities
6    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Statutory Statements of Changes in Surplus includes net income, change in net unrealized capital gains (losses), change in net unrealized foreign exchange capital gains (losses), change in other net deferred income taxes, change in nonadmitted assets, change in AVR, prior period adjustments and change in minimum pension liability, whereas U.S. GAAP presents net income as retained earnings and net unrealized capital gains (losses), change in net unrealized foreign exchange capital gains (losses), change in minimum pension liability as other comprehensive income
The change in the fair value for unaffiliated common stocks is recorded in surplus, whereas the change in the fair value for ownership interests in an entity not accounted for under the equity method or consolidated are recorded in revenue for U.S. GAAP

Other

Assets and liabilities associated with certain group annuity and variable universal life contracts, which do not pass-through all investment experience to contract holders, are maintained in separate accounts and are presented on a single line in the statutory financial statements, whereas U.S. GAAP reports these contracts as general investments and liabilities of the Company

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of assets and liabilities as of the date of these statutory financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. The most significant estimates and assumptions include those used in determining the carrying values of investments including the amount of mortgage loan investment valuation reserves, other-than-temporary impairment, the value of the investment in MassMutual Holding LLC (MMHLLC), the liabilities for policyholders’ reserves, the determination of admissible deferred tax assets (DTA), the liability for taxes and the liability for litigation or other contingencies. Future events including, but not limited to, changes in the level of mortality, morbidity, interest rates, persistency, asset valuations and defaults could cause results to differ from the estimates used in these statutory financial statements. Although some variability is inherent in these estimates, management believes the amounts presented are appropriate.

Certain prior year amounts within these financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

7    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
b.    Corrections of errors and reclassifications

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 corrections of prior years’ errors were recorded in surplus, net of tax:

Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
 Increase (Decrease) to:
Prior Years'
Net Income
Current Year Surplus Asset or Liability Balances
2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
(In Millions)
Bonds $ (271) $ (82) $ (271) $ (82) $ (271) $ (82)
Common stocks - subsidiaries and affiliates —  (1) (86) (1) (86) (1)
Common stocks - unaffiliated (2) —  142  —  142  — 
Partnerships and limited liability companies (16) (3) (16) (3) (16) (3)
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments —  16  —  16  —  16 
Investment income due and accrued (285) (156) (285) (156) (285) (156)
Other than invested assets (13) —  (13) —  (13) — 
Separate account assets —  —  — 
Policyholders' reserves (13) (15) (13) (15) 13  (15)
Asset valuation reserve —  —  84  —  (84) — 
Other liabilities 582  (87) 582  (87) (582) 87 
Separate account liabilities (4) —  (4) — 
Total $ (18) $ (328) $ 124  $ (328)

Of the $124 million increase to surplus for prior years' errors, ($18) million was recorded as prior period adjustments, net of tax, $84 million was recorded as an increase in asset valuation reserve, $58 million was recorded as an increase to unrealized capital gains on the Statutory Statements of Changes in Surplus.

c.    Bonds

Bonds are generally valued at amortized cost using the constant yield interest method with the exception of NAIC Category 6 bonds, which are in or near default, and certain residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) and commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS), which are rated by outside modelers, which are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. NAIC ratings are applied to bonds and other investments. Categories 1 and 2 are considered investment grade, while Categories 3 through 6 are considered below investment grade. Bonds are recorded on a trade date basis, except for private placement bonds, which are recorded on the funding date.

For loan-backed and structured securities, such as asset-backed securities (ABS), mortgage-backed securities (MBS), including RMBS and CMBS, and structured securities, including collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), amortization or accretion is revalued quarterly based on the current estimated cash flows, using either the prospective or retrospective adjustment methodologies.

Fixed income securities with the highest ratings from a rating agency follow the retrospective method of accounting.

All other fixed income securities, such as floating rate bonds and interest only securities, including those that have been impaired, follow the prospective method of accounting.

8    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The fair value of bonds is based on quoted market prices when available. If quoted market prices are not available, values provided by other third-party organizations are used. If values provided by other third-party organizations are unavailable, fair value is estimated using internal models by discounting expected future cash flows using observable current market rates applicable to yield, credit quality and maturity of the investment or using quoted market values for comparable investments. Internal inputs used in the determination of fair value include estimated prepayment speeds, default rates, discount rates and collateral values, among others. Structure characteristics and cash flow priority are also considered. Fair values resulting from internal models are those expected to be received in an orderly transaction between willing market participants.

Refer to Note 2ee. "Net realized capital losses including other-than-temporary impairments and unrealized capital gains (losses)" for information on the Company’s policy for determining OTTI.

d.    Preferred stocks

Preferred stocks in good standing, those that are rated Categories 1 through 3 by the Securities Valuation Office (SVO) of the NAIC, are generally valued at amortized cost. Preferred stocks not in good standing, those that are rated Categories 4 through 6 by the SVO, are valued at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Fair values are based on quoted market prices, when available. If quoted market prices are not available, values provided by third-party organizations are used. If values provided by third-party organizations are unavailable, fair value is estimated using internal models. These models use inputs not directly observable or correlated with observable market data. Typical inputs integrated into the Company’s internal discounted expected earnings models include, but are not limited to, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization estimates. Fair values resulting from internal models are those expected to be received in an orderly transaction between willing market participants.

Refer to Note 2ee. "Net realized capital losses including other-than-temporary impairments and unrealized capital gains (losses)" for information on the Company’s policy for determining OTTI.

e.    Common stocks - subsidiaries and affiliates

Common stocks of unconsolidated subsidiaries, primarily MMHLLC, Glidepath Holdings Inc. (Glidepath) and MM Investment Holding (MMIH), are accounted for using the statutory equity method. The Company accounts for the value of MMHLLC at its underlying U.S. GAAP equity value less adjustments for the limited statutory basis of accounting related to foreign insurance subsidiaries and controlled affiliated entities as well as an adjustment of $473 million as of December 31, 2025 for a portion of its noncontrolling interests. Glidepath is valued on its underlying U.S. GAAP equity with adjustment to recognize its investment in MassMutual Ascend Life Insurance Company and other subsidiaries and affiliated entities (MM Ascend) based on MM Ascend’s underlying statutory surplus, adjusted for any unamortized goodwill recognized under the statutory purchase method. Operating results, less dividends declared, for MMHLLC, Glidepath and MMIH are reflected as net unrealized capital gains in the Statutory Statements of Changes in Surplus. Dividends declared from MMHLLC, Glidepath and MMIH are recorded in net investment income when declared and are limited to MMHLLC, Glidepath and MMIH’s U.S. GAAP retained earnings. The cost basis of common stocks – subsidiaries and affiliates is adjusted for impairments deemed to be other than temporary.

Refer to Note 5d. "Common stocks - subsidiaries and affiliates" for further information on the valuation of MMHLLC.

9    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
f.    Common stocks - unaffiliated

Unaffiliated common stocks are carried at fair value, which is based on quoted market prices when available. If quoted market prices are not available, values provided by third-party organizations are used. If values from third parties are unavailable, fair values are determined by management using estimates based upon internal models. The Company’s internal models include estimates based upon comparable company analysis, review of financial statements, broker quotes and last traded price. Fair values resulting from internal models are those expected to be received in an orderly transaction between willing market participants.

Refer to Note 2ee. "Net realized capital losses including other-than-temporary impairments and unrealized capital gains (losses)" for information on the Company’s policy for determining OTTI.

g.    Mortgage loans

Mortgage loans are valued at the unpaid principal balance of the loan, net of unamortized premium, discount, mortgage origination fees and valuation allowances. Interest income earned on impaired loans is accrued on the outstanding principal balance of the loan based on the loan’s contractual coupon rate. Interest is not accrued for (a) impaired loans more than 60 days past due, (b) delinquent loans more than 90 days past due, or (c) loans that have interest that is not expected to be collected. The Company continually monitors mortgage loans where the accrual of interest has been discontinued, and will resume the accrual of interest on a mortgage loan when the facts and circumstances of the borrower and property indicate that the payments will continue to be received according to the terms of the original or modified mortgage loan agreement.

Refer to Note 2ee. "Net realized capital losses including other-than-temporary impairments and unrealized capital gains (losses)" for information on the Company’s policy for determining OTTI.

h.    Policy loans

Policy loans are carried at the outstanding loan balance less amounts unsecured by the cash surrender value of the policy and amounts ceded to reinsurers.

i.    Real estate

Investment real estate, which the Company has the intent to hold for the production of income, and real estate occupied by the Company are carried at depreciated cost, less encumbrances. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the real estate holding, not to exceed 40 years. Depreciation expense is included in net investment income.

Real estate held for sale is initially carried at the lower of depreciated cost or fair value less estimated selling costs and is no longer depreciated. Adjustments to carrying value, including for further declines in fair value, are recorded in a valuation reserve, which is included in net realized capital (losses) gains.

Fair value is generally estimated using the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the underlying risks, net of encumbrances. The Company also obtains external appraisals for a rotating selection of properties annually. If an external appraisal is not obtained, an internal appraisal is performed.

Refer to Note 2ee. "Net realized capital losses including other-than-temporary impairments and unrealized capital gains (losses)" for information on the Company’s policy for determining OTTI.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
j.    Partnerships and limited liability companies

Partnerships and limited liability companies, except for partnerships that generate and realize low-income housing tax credits (LIHTCs), are accounted for using the equity method with the change in the equity value of the underlying investment recorded in surplus. Distributions received are recognized as net investment income to the extent the distribution does not exceed previously recorded accumulated undistributed earnings.

Investments in partnerships that generate LIHTCs are carried at amortized cost unless considered impaired. Under the amortized cost method, the excess of the carrying value of the investment over its estimated residual value is amortized into net investment income during the period in which tax benefits are recognized.

The equity method is suspended if the carrying value of the investment is reduced to zero due to losses from the investment. Once the equity method is suspended, losses are not recorded until the investment returns to profitability and the equity method is resumed. However, if the Company has guaranteed obligations of the investment or is otherwise committed to provide further financial support for the investment, losses will continue to be reported up to the amount of those guaranteed obligations or commitments.

Refer to Note 2ee. "Net realized capital losses including other-than-temporary impairments and unrealized capital gains (losses)" for information on the Company’s policy for determining OTTI.

k.    Derivatives

Interest rate swaps and credit default swaps associated with replicated assets are valued at amortized cost and all other derivative types are carried at fair value, which is based primarily upon quotations obtained from counterparties and independent sources. These quotations are compared to internally derived prices and a price challenge is lodged with the counterparties and independent sources when a significant difference cannot be explained by appropriate adjustments to the internal model. When quoted market values are not reliable or available, the value is based on an internal valuation process using market observable inputs that other market participants would use. Changes in the fair value of these instruments other than interest rate swaps and credit default swaps associated with replicated synthetic investments are recorded as unrealized capital gains (losses) in surplus. Gains and losses realized on settlement, termination, closing or assignment of contracts are recorded in net realized capital (losses) gains. Amounts receivable and payable are accrued as net investment income.

l.    Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

Cash and cash equivalents, which are carried at amortized cost, consist of all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less.

Short-term investments, which are carried at amortized cost, consist of short-term bonds, money market mutual funds and all highly liquid investments purchased with maturities of greater than three months and less than or equal to 12 months.

The carrying value reported in the Statutory Statements of Financial Position for cash, cash equivalents and short-term investment instruments approximates the fair value.

m.    Debt securities that do not qualify as bonds

Debt securities that do not qualify as bonds represent investments with fixed schedule of future payments that no not qualify for bond reporting under SSAP No. 26. These include securities that lack a substantive creditor relationship, do not provide meaningful credit enhancement, or do not generate sufficient cash flows.

Refer to Note 2ee. "Net realized capital losses including other-than-temporary impairments and unrealized capital gains (losses)" for information on the Company’s policy for determining OTTI.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
n.    Investment income due and accrued

Accrued investment income consists primarily of interest and dividends. Interest is recognized on an accrual basis and dividends are recorded as earned on the ex-dividend date.

o.    Federal income taxes

Total federal income taxes are based upon the Company’s best estimate of its current and deferred tax assets or liabilities. Current tax expense (benefit) is reported in the Statutory Statements of Operations as federal income tax expense (benefit) if resulting from operations and within net realized capital (losses) gains if resulting from invested asset transactions. Changes in the balances of net deferred taxes, which provide for book-to-tax temporary differences, are subject to limitations and are reported within various lines within surplus. Accordingly, the reporting of book-to-tax temporary differences, such as reserves and policy acquisition costs, and of book-to-tax permanent differences, such as tax-exempt interest and tax credits, may result in effective tax rates in the Statutory Statements of Operations that differ from the federal statutory tax rate.

p.    Other than invested assets

Other than invested assets primarily includes the Company’s investment in corporate-owned life insurance, deferred and uncollected life insurance premium, receivable from subsidiaries and affiliates, reinsurance recoverable, fixed assets and other receivables.

q.    Separate accounts

Separate accounts and sub-accounts are segregated funds administered and invested by the Company, the performance of which primarily benefits the policyholders/contract holders with an interest in the separate accounts. Group and individual variable annuity, variable life and other insurance policyholders/contract holders select from among the separate accounts and sub-accounts made available by the Company. The separate accounts and sub-accounts are offered as investment options under certain insurance contracts or policies. The returns produced by separate account assets increase or decrease separate account reserves. Separate account assets consist principally of marketable securities reported at fair value. Except for the Company’s seed money, supplemental accounts and certain guaranteed separate accounts issued in Minnesota, separate account assets can only be used to satisfy separate account liabilities and are not available to satisfy the general obligations of the Company. Separate account administrative and investment advisory fees are included in fees and other income.

Assets may be transferred from the general investments of the Company to seed the separate accounts. When assets are transferred, they are transferred at fair market value. Gains related to the transfer are deferred to the extent that the Company maintains a proportionate interest in the separate account. The deferred gain is recognized as the Company’s ownership decreases or when the underlying assets are sold. Losses associated with these transfers are recognized immediately.

Separate accounts reflect two categories of risk assumption: nonguaranteed separate accounts for which the policyholder/contract holder assumes the investment risk and guaranteed separate accounts for which the Company contractually guarantees a minimum return, a minimum account value, or both to the policyholder/contract holder. For certain guaranteed separate account products such as interest rate guaranteed products and indexed separate account products, reserve adequacy is performed on a contract-by-contract basis using, as applicable, prescribed interest rates, mortality rates and asset risk deductions. If the outcome from this adequacy analysis produces a deficiency relative to the current account value, a liability is recorded in policyholders' reserves or liabilities for deposit-type contracts in the Statutory Statements of Financial Position with the corresponding change in the liability recorded as change in policyholders' reserves or policyholders' benefits in the Statutory Statements of Operations.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Premium income, benefits and expenses of the separate accounts are included in the Statutory Statements of Operations with the offset recorded in the change in policyholders’ reserves. Investment income, realized capital gains (losses) and unrealized capital gains (losses) on the assets of separate accounts, other than seed money, accrue to policyholders/contract holders and are not recorded in the Statutory Statements of Operations.

r.    Nonadmitted assets

Assets designated as nonadmitted by the NAIC primarily include pension plan assets, intangibles, certain electronic data processing equipment, advances and prepayments, certain investments in partnerships and limited liability companies for which qualifying audits are not performed, the amount of DTA (subject to certain limitations) that will not be realized by the end of the third calendar year following the current year end, furniture and equipment, certain other receivables and uncollected premium greater than 90 days past due. Due and accrued income is nonadmitted on: (a) bonds delinquent more than 90 days or where collection of interest is improbable; (b) impaired bonds more than 60 days past due; (c) bonds in default; (d) mortgage loans in default where interest is 180 days past due; (e) rent in arrears for more than 90 days; and (f) policy loan interest due and accrued more than 90 days past due and included in the unpaid balance of the policy loan in excess of the cash surrender value of the underlying contract. Assets that are designated as nonadmitted are excluded from the Statutory Statements of Financial Position through a change in nonadmitted assets on the Statutory Statements of Changes in Surplus.

s.    Reinsurance

The Company enters into reinsurance agreements with affiliated and unaffiliated insurers in the normal course of business to limit its insurance risk or to assume business.

Premium income, policyholders’ benefits (including unpaid claims) and policyholders’ reserves are reported net of reinsurance. Premium, benefits and reserves related to reinsured business are accounted for on bases consistent with those used in accounting for the original policies issued and the terms of the reinsurance contracts. The Company records a receivable for reinsured benefits paid, but not yet reimbursed by the reinsurer and reduces policyholders’ reserves for the portion of insurance liabilities that are reinsured. Commissions and expense allowances on reinsurance ceded and modified coinsurance (Modco) reserve adjustments on reinsurance ceded are recorded as revenue. Commissions and expense allowances on Retirement Plan Group reinsurance assumed and Modco reserve adjustments on reinsurance assumed are recorded as an expense.

t.    Policyholders' reserves

Policyholders’ reserves are developed by actuarial methods that will provide for the present value of estimated future obligations in excess of estimated future premium on policies in force and are determined based on either statutory prescribed mortality/morbidity tables using specified interest rates and valuation methods, or principles-based reserving under Valuation Manual-20, which considers a wide range of future economic conditions, computed using justified company experience factors, such as mortality, policyholder behavior and expenses.

The Company waives deduction of deferred fractional premium at death and returns any portion of the final premium beyond the date of death. Reserves are computed using continuous functions to reflect these practices.

The Company charges a higher premium on certain contracts that cover substandard mortality risk. For these policies, the reserve calculations are based on a substandard mortality rate, which is a multiple of the standard mortality tables.

Certain variable universal life and universal life contracts include features such as guaranteed minimum death benefits (GMDB) or other guarantees that ensure continued death benefit coverage when the policy would otherwise lapse. The value of the guarantee is only available to the beneficiary in the form of a death benefit. The liability for variable and universal life GMDB and other guarantees is included in policyholders’ reserves and the related change in this liability is included in change in policyholders’ reserves in the Statutory Statements of Operations.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Certain individual variable annuity and fixed annuity products have a variety of additional guarantees such as GMDB and variable annuity guaranteed living benefits (VAGLB). The primary types of VAGLBs include guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (GMAB), guaranteed minimum income benefits (GMIB) including GMIB Basic and GMIB Plus and guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefits (GLWB). In general, these benefit guarantees require the contract owner or policyholder to adhere to a company-approved asset allocation strategy. The liabilities for individual variable annuity GMDB and VAGLB are included in policyholders’ reserves in the Statements of Financial Position and the related changes in these liabilities are included in change in policyholders’ reserves in the Statutory Statements of Operations.

Separate accounts include certain group annuity contracts used to fund retirement plans that offer a guarantee of a contract holder’s principal, which can be withdrawn over a stated period of time. These contracts offer a stated rate of return backed by the Company. Contract payments are not contingent upon the life of the retirement plan participants.

Unpaid claims and claim expense reserves are related to disability and long-term care (LTC) claims. Unpaid disability claim liabilities are projected based on the average of the last three disability payments. LTC unpaid claim liabilities are projected using policy specific daily benefit amounts and aggregate utilization factors. Claim expense reserves are based on an analysis of the unit expenses related to the processing and examination of new and ongoing claims. Interest accrued on reserves is calculated by applying NAIC prescribed interest rates to the average reserves by year incurred.

Tabular interest, tabular reserves, reserves released, and tabular cost for all life and annuity contracts and supplementary contracts involving life contingencies are determined in accordance with NAIC Annual Statement instructions. For tabular interest, whole life and term products use a formula that applies a weighted average interest rate determined from a seriatim valuation file to the mean average reserves. Universal life, variable life, group life, annuity and supplemental contracts use a formula that applies a weighted average credited rate to the mean account value. For contracts without an account value (e.g., a single premium immediate annuity) a weighted average statutory valuation rate is applied to the mean statutory reserve or accepted actuarial methods using applicable interest rates are applied.

All policyholders’ reserves and accruals are presented net of reinsurance. Management believes that these liabilities and accruals follow statutory accounting requirements and are sufficient, in conjunction with future revenues, to meet future anticipated obligations of policies and contracts in force.

u.    Liabilities for deposit-type contracts

Liabilities for funding agreements, dividend accumulations, premium deposit funds, investment-type contracts such as supplementary contracts not involving life contingencies and certain structured settlement annuities are based on account value or accepted actuarial methods using applicable interest rates.

v.    Participating contracts

Participating contracts are those that may be eligible to share in any dividends declared by the Company. Participating contracts issued by the Company represented 52% and 52% of the Company’s policyholders’ reserves and liabilities for deposit-type contracts as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

w.    Policyholders' dividends

Dividends expected to be paid to policyholders in the following year are approved annually by MassMutual’s Board of Directors and are recorded as an expense in the current year. The allocation of these dividends to policyholders reflects the relative contribution of each group of participating policies to surplus and considers, among other factors, investment returns, mortality and morbidity experience, expenses and taxes. The liability for policyholders’ dividends includes the estimated amount of annual dividends and settlement dividends. A settlement dividend is an extra dividend payable at termination of a policy upon maturity, death or surrender.
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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
x.    Asset valuation reserve

The Company maintains an AVR that is a contingency reserve to stabilize surplus against fluctuations in the carrying value of common stocks, real estate, partnerships and limited liability companies as well as credit-related changes in the value of bonds, preferred stocks, mortgage loans, and certain derivatives. The AVR is reported as a liability within the Statutory Statements of Financial Position and the change in AVR, net of tax, is reported within the Statutory Statements of Changes in Surplus.

y.    Repurchase agreements

Repurchase agreements are contracts under which the Company sells securities and simultaneously agrees to repurchase the same or substantially the same securities. These repurchase agreements are carried at cost and accounted for as collateralized borrowings with the proceeds from the sale of the securities recorded as a liability while the underlying securities continue to be recorded as an investment by the Company. Earnings on these investments are recorded as investment income and the difference between the proceeds and the amount at which the securities will be subsequently reacquired is amortized as interest expense. Repurchase agreements are used as a tool for overall portfolio management to help ensure the Company maintains adequate assets in order to provide yield, spread and duration to support liabilities and other corporate needs.

The Company provides collateral, as dictated by the repurchase agreements, to the counterparty in exchange for a loan. If the fair value of the securities sold becomes less than the loan, the counterparty may require additional collateral.

The carrying value reported in the Statutory Statements of Financial Position for repurchase agreements approximates the fair value.

z.    Commercial paper

The Company issues commercial paper (CP) in the form of unsecured notes. Interest on CP is calculated using a 360-day year based on the actual number of days elapsed. Due to the short-term nature of CP, the carrying value approximates fair value.

aa.    Interest maintenance reserve

The Company maintains an IMR that is used to stabilize net income against fluctuations in interest rates. After-tax realized capital gains (losses), which result from changes in interest rates for all types of fixed-income investments and interest-related derivatives, are deferred into the IMR and amortized into net investment income using the grouped amortization method. In the grouped amortization method, assets are grouped based on years of maturity. IMR is reduced by the amount ceded to reinsurers when entering into in force coinsurance ceding agreements. The IMR is included in other liabilities or, if negative, is included as net negative (Disallowed) IMR for any admitted portion in other than invested assets. Refer to Note 3. "New accounting standards - Adoption of new accounting standards" for further information on the adoption of INT 23-O1T - Disallowed IMR. Refer to Note 7. "Other than invested assets" for further information on the amount admitted as disallowed IMR.

bb.    Employee compensation plans

The Company has a long-term incentive compensation plan, under which certain employees of the Company and its subsidiaries may be issued phantom share-based compensation awards. These awards include Phantom Stock Appreciation Rights (PSARs) and Phantom Restricted Stock (PRS). These awards do not grant an equity or ownership interest in the Company.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
PSARs provide the participant with the opportunity to share in the value created in the total enterprise. The PSAR value is the appreciation in the phantom stock price between the grant price and the share price at the time of exercise. Awards can only be settled in cash. PSARs typically cliff vest at the end of three years and expire six years after the date of grant. Vested PSARs may be exercised during quarterly two-week exercise periods prior to expiration. The compensation expense for an individual award is recognized over the service period.

PRS provide the participant with the opportunity to share in the value created in the total enterprise. Participants receive the full phantom share value (grant price plus/minus any change in share price) over the award period. Awards can only be settled in cash. PRS typically vests on a graded basis over five years, one third per year after years three, four and five. On each vesting date, a lump sum cash settlement is paid to the participant based on the number of shares vested multiplied by the most recent phantom stock price. Compensation expense is recognized on the accelerated attribution method. The accelerated attribution method recognizes compensation expense over the vesting period by which each separate payout year is treated as if it were, in substance, a separate award.

All awards granted under the Company’s plans are compensatory classified awards. Compensation costs are based on the most recent quarterly calculated intrinsic value of the PSARs (current share price less grant price per share not less than zero) and PRS (current share price per share), considering vesting provisions, net of forfeiture assumptions and are included in the Statutory Statements of Financial Position as a liability in general expenses due or accrued. The compensation expense for an individual award is recognized over the service period. The cumulative compensation expense for all outstanding awards in any period is equal to the change in calculated liability period over period. The requisite service period for the awards is the vesting period.

At the time of death or disability, awards contain vesting conditions, whereby employees’ unvested awards immediately vest on an accelerated basis with a one-year exercise period for PSARs, full accelerated vesting and settlement for PRS awards.

At the time of retirement, both PRS and PSAR vest according to the original grant terms.

The phantom share price is determined using the enterprise value of each entity within the organization provided it is within a pre-established range calculated using the management basis equity method. If outside the range, the maximum or minimum share price established by the management basis equity method would apply, as appropriate.

cc.    Other liabilities

Other liabilities primarily consist of the derivative interest expense liability, remittances and items not allocated, other miscellaneous liabilities, liabilities for employee benefits and accrued separate account transfers.

dd.    Premium and related expense recognition

Life insurance premium revenue is generally recognized annually on the anniversary date of the policy. However, premium for flexible products, primarily universal life and variable universal life contracts, is recognized as revenue when received. Annuity premium is recognized as revenue when received. DI and LTC premium is recognized as revenue when due.

Premium revenue is adjusted by the related deferred premium adjustment. Deferred premium adjusts for the overstatement created in the calculation of reserves as the reserve computation assumes the entire year’s net premium is collected annually at the beginning of the policy year and does not take into account installment or modal payments.
Commissions and other costs related to issuance of new policies and policy maintenance and settlement costs are charged to current operations when incurred. Surrender fee charges on certain life and annuity products are recorded as a reduction of benefits and expenses.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
ee.    Net realized capital losses including other-than-temporary impairments and unrealized capital gains (losses)

Net realized capital losses, net of taxes, exclude gains (losses) deferred into the IMR and gains (losses) of the separate accounts. Net realized capital losses, including OTTI, are recognized in net income and are determined using the specific identification method.

Bonds - general

The Company employs a systematic methodology to evaluate OTTI by conducting a quarterly analysis of bonds. OTTI is evaluated in a manner consistent with market participant assumptions. The Company considers the following factors, where applicable depending on the type of securities, in the evaluation of whether a decline in value is other than temporary: (a) the likelihood that the Company will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the debt security; (b) the present value of the expected future cash flows of the security; (c) the characteristics, quality and value of the underlying collateral or issuer securing the position; (d) collateral structure; (e) the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been below amortized cost; (f) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; (g) adverse conditions related to the security or industry; (h) the rating of the security; (i) the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery to amortized cost; and (j) other qualitative and quantitative factors in determining the existence of OTTI including, but not limited to, unrealized loss trend analysis and significant short-term changes in value.

In addition, if the Company has the intent to sell, or the inability, or lack of intent to retain the investment for a period sufficient to recover the amortized cost basis, an OTTI is recognized as a realized loss equal to the entire difference between the investment’s amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date.

When a bond is other-than-temporarily impaired, a new cost basis is established.

Bonds - corporate

For corporate securities, if it is determined that a decline in the fair value of a bond is other than temporary, OTTI is recognized as a realized loss equal to the difference between the investment’s amortized cost basis and, generally, its fair value at the balance sheet date.

The Company analyzes investments whose fair value is below the cost for impairment. Generally, if the investment experiences significant credit or interest rate related deterioration, the cost of the investment is not recoverable, or the Company intends to sell the investment before anticipated recovery, an OTTI is recognized as realized investment loss.

Bonds - loan-backed and structured securities

For loan-backed and structured securities, if the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis of the security, an OTTI is recognized as a realized loss equal to the difference between the investment’s amortized cost basis and the present value of cash flows expected to be collected. The expected cash flows are discounted at the security’s effective interest rate. Internal inputs used in determining the amount of the OTTI on structured securities include collateral performance, prepayment speeds, default rates, and loss severity based on borrower and loan characteristics, as well as deal structure including subordination, over-collateralization and cash flow priority.

ABS and MBS are evaluated for OTTI using scenarios and assumptions based on the specifics of each security including collateral type, loan type, vintage and subordination level in the structure. Cash flow estimates are based on these assumptions and inputs obtained from external industry sources along with internal analysis and actual experience. Where applicable, assumptions include prepayment speeds, default rates and loss severity, weighted average maturity and changes in the underlying collateral values.
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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The Company has a review process for determining if CDOs are at risk for OTTI. For the senior, mezzanine and junior debt tranches, cash flows are modeled using multiple scenarios based on the current ratings and values of the underlying corporate credit risks and incorporating prepayment and default assumptions that vary according to collateral attributes of each CDOs. The prepayment and default assumptions are varied within each model based upon rating (base case), historical expectations (default), rating change improvement (optimistic), rating change downgrade (pessimistic) and fair value (market). The default rates produced by these multiple scenarios are assigned an expectation weight according to current market and economic conditions and fed into a final scenario. OTTI is recorded if this final scenario results in the loss of any principal or interest payments due.

For the most subordinated junior CDOs tranches, the present value of the projected cash flows in the final scenario is measured using an effective yield. If the current book value of the security is greater than the present value measured using an effective yield, an OTTI is taken in an amount sufficient to produce its effective yield. Certain CDOs cannot be modeled using all of the scenarios because of limitations on the data needed for all scenarios. The cash flows for these CDOs, including foreign currency denominated CDOs, are projected using a customized scenario that management believes is reasonable for the applicable collateral pool.

For loan-backed and structured securities, any difference between the new amortized cost basis and any increased present value of future cash flows expected to be collected is accreted into net investment income over the expected remaining life of the bond.

Common and preferred stocks

The cost basis of common and preferred stocks is adjusted for impairments deemed to be other than temporary. The Company considers the following factors in the evaluation of whether a decline in value is other than temporary: (a) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; (b) the Company’s ability and intent to retain the investment for a period sufficient to allow for a near-term recovery in value; and (c) the period and degree to which the value has been below cost. The Company conducts a quarterly analysis of issuers whose common or preferred stock is not-in-good standing or valued below 80% of cost. The Company also considers other qualitative and quantitative factors in determining the existence of OTTI including, but not limited to, unrealized loss trend analysis and significant short-term changes in value.

Mortgage loans

The Company performs internal reviews at least annually to determine if individual mortgage loans are performing or nonperforming. The fair values of performing mortgage loans are estimated by discounting expected future cash flows using current interest rates for similar loans with similar credit risk. For nonperforming loans, the fair value is the estimated collateral value of the underlying real estate. If foreclosure is probable, the Company will obtain an external appraisal.

Mortgage loans are considered to be impaired when, based upon current available information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts of principal and interest due according to the contractual terms of the mortgage loan agreement. A valuation allowance is recorded on a loan-by-loan basis in net unrealized capital losses for the excess of the carrying value of the mortgage loan over the fair value of its underlying collateral. Such information or events could include property performance, capital budgets, future lease roll, a property inspection as well as payment trends. Collectability and estimated decreases in collateral values are also assessed on a loan-by-loan basis considering all events and conditions relevant to the loan. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revisions as more information becomes available, as changes occur in the market or as negotiations with the borrowing entity evolve. If there is a change in the fair value of the underlying collateral or the estimated loss on the loan, the valuation allowance is adjusted accordingly. An OTTI occurs upon the realization of a credit loss, typically through foreclosure or after a decision is made to accept a discounted payoff, and is recognized in realized capital losses. The previously recorded valuation allowance is reversed from unrealized capital losses. When an OTTI is recorded, a new cost basis is established reflecting estimated value of the collateral.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Real estate

For real estate held for the production of income, depreciated cost is adjusted for impairments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable, with the impairment being included in realized capital losses. An impairment is recorded when the property’s estimated future net operating cash flows over ten years, undiscounted and without interest charges, is less than book value.

Adjustments to the carrying value of real estate held for sale are recorded in a valuation reserve as realized capital losses when the fair value less estimated selling costs is less than the carrying value.

Partnerships and limited liability companies

When it is probable that the Company will be unable to recover the outstanding carrying value of an investment based on undiscounted cash flows, or there is evidence indicating an inability of the investee to sustain earnings to justify the carrying value of the investment, OTTI is recognized in realized capital losses reflecting the excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value of the investment. The estimated fair values of limited partnership interests are generally based on the Company’s share of the net asset value (NAV) as provided in the financial statements of the investees. In certain circumstances, management may adjust the NAV by a premium or discount when it has sufficient evidence to support applying such adjustments.

For determining impairments in partnerships that generate LIHTCs, the Company uses the present value of all future benefits, the majority of which are tax credits, discounted at a risk-free rate for future benefits of ten or more years and compares the results to its current book value. Impairments are recognized in realized capital losses reflecting the excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value of the investment.

Debt securities that do not qualify as bonds

The Company applies the same systematic OTTI evaluation methodology used for bonds, including quarterly analysis and consideration of factors such as collectability, present value of expected cash flows, collateral quality and structure, duration and severity of unrealized losses, issuer financial condition, credit ratings, intent and ability to hold, and other qualitative and quantitative indicators.

Unrealized capital gains (losses)

Unrealized capital gains (losses) include changes in the fair value of derivatives, excluding interest rate swaps and credit default index swaps associated with replicated assets; currency translation adjustments on foreign-denominated bonds; changes in the fair value of unaffiliated common stocks; changes in the fair value of bonds and preferred stocks that are carried at fair value; and changes in the inflation adjustments on U.S Treasury inflation-indexed securities. Changes in the Company’s equity investments in partnerships and limited liability companies, including the earnings as reported on the financial statements, earnings recorded as accumulated undistributed earnings, foreign exchange asset valuation and mark-to-market on operating assets, and certain subsidiaries and affiliates are also reported as changes in unrealized capital gains (losses). Unrealized capital gains (losses) are recorded as a change in net unrealized capital gains (losses), net of tax, within the Statutory Statements of Changes in Surplus.

3.    New accounting standards

Adoption of new accounting standards

In August 2025, the NAIC adopted revisions to INT 23-01 (Disallowed IMR) which extended the effective date of the INT to December 31, 2026 and added additional disclosure requirements and clarifications to the guidance in the INT.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
INT 23-01 provided optional, limited-term guidance for the assessment of disallowed IMR for up to 10% of adjusted general account capital and surplus. An insurer’s capital and surplus must first be adjusted to exclude certain “soft assets” including net positive goodwill, electronic data processing equipment and operating system software, net DTA and admitted disallowed IMR. An insurer is only able to admit the negative IMR if the insurer's risk-based capital is over 300% of the authorized control level after adjusting to remove the assets described above.

Negative IMR may be admitted first in the insurer’s general account and then, if all disallowed IMR in the general account is admitted and the percentage limit is not reached, to the separate account proportionately between insulated and noninsulated accounts. If the insurer can demonstrate historical practice in which acquired gains from derivatives were also reversed to IMR (as liabilities) and amortized, there is no exclusion for derivatives losses. INT 23-01 was adopted by the Company as of September 30, 2023.

To the extent the Company’s IMR balance is a net negative, the effects of INT 23-01 are reflected in the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and financial statement disclosures. The Company has adopted revisions to INT 23-01, which did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2024, the NAIC adopted revisions to avoid allocating realized gains or losses from bond sales to the IMR when sold before a rating downgrade. Revisions were also made to avoid allocating realized gains or losses from mortgage loan sales when there is a credit loss allowance, where payments are not 90 days past due. Revisions were also made to update guidance on changes in credit ratings used to allocate credit or interest rate related gains or losses, requiring identification of realized losses from acute credit events to be allocated to AVR. The modifications did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Effective March 16, 2024, the NAIC adopted revisions to the requirements of audit and admissibility in SSAP No. 97 – Investments in Subsidiary, Controlled and Affiliated Entities (SCA) to better align with the guidance on the look-through methodology. The revisions allow for admitting audited investments in entities owned by unaudited downstream noninsurance holding company SCA entity. The modifications did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

In August 2023, the NAIC adopted revisions to clarify and incorporate a new bond definition within disclosures SSAP No. 26 – Bonds, SSAP No. 43 – ABS, and other related SSAPs, effective January 1, 2025. The revisions were issued in connection with its principle-based bond definition project, “the Bond Project”.

The Bond Project began in October 2020 through the development of a principle-based bond definition to be used for all securities in determining whether they qualify for reporting on the statutory annual statement Schedule D. Within the new bond definition, bonds are classified as an issuer credit obligation (ICO) or an ABS.

An ICO is defined as a bond where repayment is supported by the general creditworthiness of an operating entity, and an ABS is defined as a bond issued by an entity created for the primary purpose of raising capital through debt backed by financial assets. The revisions to SSAP No. 26 reflect the principle-based bond definition, and SSAP No. 43 provides accounting and reporting guidance for investments that qualify as ABS under the new bond definition. Upon adoption, investments that do not qualify as bonds will not be permitted to be reported as bonds on Schedule D, Part 1 thereafter as there will be no grandfathering for existing investments that do not qualify under the revised SSAPs. The Company has adopted this guidance, resulting in $667 million for all securities reclassed off Schedule D-1, which includes $456 million that resulted with a change in measurement basis. The adoption resulted in a decrease in unrealized capital gains on the Statutory Statement of Changes in Surplus of $50 million for the Company on January 1, 2025. Modifications of disclosures by asset categories are prospectively applied to Note 5a. "Investments – Bonds".

20    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
In March 2024, the NAIC adopted revisions to SSAP No. 21 - Other Admitted Assets, effective January 1, 2025, clarifying that residuals follow the effective yield approach with a cap and providing an election for the cost recovery method. The Company elected the effective yield method using the allowable earned yield, capped by the amount of cash distributions received. The modifications did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2025, revisions were made to short-term investments, which include excluding additional investment types from being reported as cash equivalents or short-term investments regardless of maturity date of the investment at the date of acquisition. Investments will be eliminated from being reported as cash equivalents or short-term investments unless they would qualify under SSAP No. 26 – Bonds as an ICO. Such investments will then only qualify as a cash equivalent or short-term investment if they have a maturity date within 3-months (cash equivalents) or 12-months (short-term) from the date of acquisition or meet the specific requirements for money market mutual funds or cash pooling arrangements. The modifications did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

The NAIC adopted revisions to various SSAPs for investments in tax credits, acquired tax credits and updated annual statement reporting categories for tax credit investment risk-based capital. These revisions include broad criteria to scope in various tax credit programs, including solar programs and state specific programs. This adoption requires proportional amortization as the measurement approach, as with existing low-income housing tax credits, recording amortization of the investment in the partnership through net investment income and the use of the tax credits in the appropriate tax line. The adopted revisions were effective on January 1, 2025. The modifications were prospectively applied and did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

In March 2025, the NAIC adopted revisions to clarify how assets held under modified coinsurance (Modco) or funds withheld (FWH) agreements shall be reflected within the restricted asset disclosure in SSAP No. 1 - Accounting Policies, Risks & Uncertainties, and Other Disclosures and in the corresponding disclosures in Note 5n. "Restricted assets" of the statutory financial statements. It also proposes enhanced disclosures to fully identify the extent of restricted assets reported on the balance sheet within a single disclosure as well as identify differences between the restricted asset annual statement disclosure and the amount reported in the annual statement general interrogatories, which is pulled directly into the risk-based capital formulas. The adopted revisions will be effective December 31, 2025. The modifications did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

In December 2025, the NAIC adopted revisions to SSAP No. 61 - Statutory Accounting for Life & Health Reinsurance and related guidance clarifying that risk transfer for combination reinsurance contracts with interdependent features (e.g., coinsurance and yearly renewable term with aggregate experience refunds or recapture rights) must be evaluated in aggregate. Each component satisfying risk transfer individually is necessary but not sufficient for the contract as a whole. These revisions are effective as of immediately for all for new or newly amended contracts with provisions allowing until December 31, 2026 for existing contracts. The Company is assessing the potential impact on the Company's financial statements.

21    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Future adoption of new accounting standards

In March 2024, the NAIC proposed expansion of the guidance in SSAP No. 56 - Separate Accounts to further address situations and provide consistent accounting guidelines for when assets are reported at a measurement method other than fair value. This is to address an increase in assets reported at book value within the separate investment account, which have been approved under state prescribed practices and/or interpretations that the reference for fund accumulation contracts captures pension risk transfer (PRT) or registered indexed-linked annuities and other similar general-account type products. In August 2024, the NAIC exposed further revisions as to treatment of IMR for transfers between general investment account and separate investment account, with the broad concept that such transfers would have offset IMR impacts between the general investment account and the book value separate investment account with a zero net impact to surplus. In February 2025, the NAIC adopted final revisions to SSAP No. 56 - Separate Accounts. The revisions clarify the measurement method guidance as well as prescribe guidance for how transfers to/from the general investment account and separate investment account shall be recognized. The adopted revisions will be effective on January 1, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The modifications are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In November 2024, the NAIC exposed revisions to add guidance for SCAs that are investment in subsidiaries, with consideration to prescribing measurement and potential non-admittance thresholds. Effective December 31, 2026, the concept of investment subsidiaries will be removed from the annual statement. The Company has a material amount of assets within investment subsidiaries and is assessing the potential impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In December 2025, the Statutory Accounting Principles Working Group adopted revisions to SSAP No. 37 - Mortgage Loans to expand the scope to include qualifying statutory investment trusts holding only residential mortgage loans. The revisions require disclosure of all statutory trusts owned by the reporting entity and additional disclosures for mortgage loans acquired through qualifying trusts. These changes are effective January 1, 2027. The Company is assessing the potential impact on the Company’s financial statements.

22    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
4.    Fair value of financial instruments

The following presents a summary of the carrying values and fair values of the Company's financial instruments:

December 31, 2025
Carrying Value Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(In Millions)
Financial assets:
Bonds:
ICO $ 108,372  $ 101,434  $ 1,330  $ 51,252  $ 48,852 
ABS 62,864  62,570  —  33,010  29,560 
Preferred stocks 1,651  2,230  282  269  1,679 
Common stocks - subsidiaries and affiliates 319  319  134  —  185 
Common stocks - unaffiliated 1,246  1,246  348  99  799 
Mortgage loans 24,698  23,767  —  —  23,767 
Derivatives 22,194  15,953  106  15,847  — 
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments 8,126  8,126  408  7,718  — 
Separate account assets 46,047  46,048  31,273  12,673  2,102 
Financial liabilities:
GICs 20,920  20,572  —  —  20,572 
Group annuity contracts and other deposits 1,654  1,525  —  —  1,525 
Individual annuity contracts 29,002  30,814  —  —  30,814 
Supplementary contracts 835  835  —  —  835 
Repurchase agreements 3,441  3,028  —  3,028  — 
Debt 499  499  —  499  — 
Derivatives 16,916  17,229  63  17,166  — 

Common stocks - subsidiaries and affiliates do not include unconsolidated subsidiaries, which had statutory carrying values of $24,790 million.
23    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
December 31, 2024
Carrying Value Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(In Millions)
Financial assets:
Bonds $ 163,629  $ 153,893  $ 725  $ 79,633  $ 73,535 
Preferred stocks 1,019  1,145  187  955 
Common stocks - subsidiaries and affiliates 150  150  16  —  134 
Common stocks - unaffiliated 1,198  1,198  292  —  906 
Mortgage loans 23,692  22,145  —  —  22,145 
Derivatives 24,220  18,021  128  17,893  — 
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments 6,004  6,004  572  5,432  — 
Separate account assets 49,251  49,251  33,240  14,194  1,817 
Financial liabilities:
GICs 17,955  17,249  —  —  17,249 
Group annuity contracts and other deposits 1,714  1,570  —  —  1,570 
Individual annuity contracts 29,402  30,328  —  —  30,328 
Supplementary contracts 844  845  —  —  845 
Repurchase agreements 3,408  3,420  —  3,420  — 
Debt 250  250  —  250  — 
Derivatives 16,774  17,240  75  17,165  — 

Common stocks - subsidiaries and affiliates do not include unconsolidated subsidiaries, which had statutory carrying values of $25,690 million.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The authoritative guidance for fair value establishes a measurement framework that includes a hierarchy used to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques into three levels. Each level reflects a unique description of the inputs that are significant to the fair value measurements. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 – Observable inputs in the form of quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be derived from observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – One or more unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using internal models, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

24    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
When available, the Company generally uses unadjusted quoted market prices from independent sources to determine the fair value of investments and classifies such items within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. If quoted prices are not available, prices are derived from observable market data for similar assets in an active market or obtained directly from brokers for identical assets traded in inactive markets. Investments that are priced using these inputs are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. When some of the necessary observable inputs are unavailable, fair value is based upon internally developed models. These models use inputs not directly observable or correlated with observable market data. Typical inputs, which are integrated in the Company’s internal discounted cash flow models and discounted earnings models include, but are not limited to, issuer spreads derived from internal credit ratings and benchmark yields such as Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), cash flow estimates and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization estimates. Investments that are priced with such unobservable inputs are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company reviews the fair value hierarchy classifications at each reporting period. Overall, reclassifications between levels occur when there are changes in the observability of inputs and market activity used in the valuation of a financial asset or liability. Such reclassifications are reported as transfers between levels at the beginning fair value for the reporting period in which the changes occur. Given the types of assets classified as Level 1 (primarily equity securities including mutual fund investments), transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 measurement categories are expected to be infrequent. Transfers into and out of Level 3 are summarized in the schedule of changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities.

The fair value of group annuity contracts and other deposits is determined by multiplying the book value of the contract by an average market value adjustment factor. The market value adjustment factor is directly related to the difference between the book value of client liabilities and the present value of installment payments discounted at current market value yields. The market value yield is measured by the Barclay's Aggregate Bond Index, subject to certain adjustments, and the installment period is equivalent to the duration of the Company’s invested asset portfolio.

The fair value of individual annuity and supplementary contracts is determined using one of several methods based on the specific contract type. For short-term contracts, generally less than 30 days, the fair value is assumed to be the book value. For contracts with longer durations, GICs and investment-type contracts, the fair value is determined by calculating the present value of future cash flows discounted at current market interest rates, the risk-free rate or a current pricing yield curve based on pricing assumptions using assets of a comparable corporate bond quality. Annuities receiving dividends are accumulated at the average minimum guaranteed rate and discounted at the risk-free rate. All others are valued using cash flow projections from the Company's asset/liability management analysis.
25    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The following presents the Company's fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value:

December 31, 2025
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(In Millions)
Financial assets:
Bonds:
ICO $ 356 $ 15 $ 391 $ 762
ABS 23 50 73
Preferred stocks 56 67 123
Common stocks - subsidiaries and affiliates 134 185 319
Common stocks - unaffiliated 348 99 799 1,246
Derivatives:
Interest rate swaps 19,060 19,060
Options 111 412 523
Currency swaps 2,566 2,566
Forward contracts 28 28
Financial futures (5) (5)
Separate account assets 31,273 12,673 2,102 46,048
Total financial assets carried at fair value $ 32,273 $ 34,876 $ 3,594 $ 70,743
Financial liabilities:
Derivatives:
Interest rate swaps $ $ 14,278 $ $ 14,278
Options 63 63
Currency swaps 425 425
Forward contracts 278 278
Credit default swaps 179 179
Financial futures
Total financial liabilities carried at fair value $ 63 $ 15,160 $ $ 15,223

The Company does not have any financial instruments that were carried at net asset value as a practical expedient.

26    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The following presents the Company's fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value:

December 31, 2024
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(In Millions)
Financial assets:
Bonds:
Special revenue $ $ 1 $ $ 1
Industrial and miscellaneous 725 111 265 1,101
Preferred stocks 44 46 90
Common stocks - subsidiaries and affiliates 16 134 150
Common stocks - unaffiliated 293 905 1,198
Derivatives:
Interest rate swaps 20,508 20,508
Options 114 453 567
Currency swaps 2,631 2,631
Forward contracts 412 412
Credit default swaps 2 2
Financial futures 15 15
Separate account assets 33,240 14,194 1,817 49,251
Total financial assets carried at fair value $ 34,447 $ 38,312 $ 3,167 $ 75,926
Financial liabilities:
Derivatives:
Interest rate swaps $ $ 15,665 $ $ 15,665
Options 63 63
Currency swaps 201 201
Forward contracts 67 67
Credit default swaps 175 175
Financial futures 12 12
Total financial liabilities carried at fair value $ 75 $ 16,108 $ $ 16,183

The Company reviews the fair value hierarchy classifications each reporting period. Changes in the observability of the valuation attributes and the level of market activity may result in a reclassification of certain financial assets or liabilities between fair value hierarchy classifications. Such reclassifications are reported as transfers between levels in the beginning fair value for the reporting period in which the changes occur.

Valuation Techniques and Inputs

The Company determines the fair value of its investments using primarily the market approach or the income approach. The use of quoted prices for identical assets and matrix pricing or other similar techniques are examples of market approaches, while the use of discounted cash flow methodologies is an example of the income approach. The Company attempts to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs in selecting whether the market or the income approach is used.

A description of the significant valuation techniques and inputs to the determination of estimated fair value for the more significant asset and liability classes measured at fair value on a recurring basis and categorized within Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy is as follows:

27    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Separate account assets – At December 31, 2025 these assets primarily include ICO bonds, ABS bonds and derivatives as a result of the Bond Project. At December 31, 2024 these assets primarily include bonds (industrial and miscellaneous; U.S. government and agencies), and derivatives. Their fair values of these assets are determined using the same methods as outlined in categories below.

ICO bonds - These securities are principally valued using market or income approaches. Level 2 valuations are based on quoted prices in inactive markets or matrix pricing techniques using observable inputs such as benchmark yield curves, spreads, issuer ratings, and comparable trades. Level 3 valuations rely on discounted cash flow models incorporating significant unobservable inputs, including adjustments for illiquidity, bespoke credit spreads, and issuer-specific factors.

ABS bonds - These securities are valued using market or income approaches. Level 2 valuations utilize observable inputs such as benchmark yield curves, spreads, and comparable structured securities. Level 3 valuations incorporate significant unobservable inputs, including assumptions about prepayment speeds, default rates, and liquidity adjustments.

Bonds (Industrial and miscellaneous) – These securities are principally valued using the market or the income approaches. Level 2 valuations are based primarily on quoted prices in markets that are not active, broker quotes, matrix pricing or other similar techniques that use standard market observable inputs such as benchmark yields, spreads versus benchmark yields, new issuances, issuer ratings, duration, and trades of identical or comparable securities. Privately placed securities are valued using discounted cash flow models using standard market observable inputs and inputs derived from, or corroborated by, market observable data including market yield curve, duration, call provisions, observable prices and spreads for similar publicly traded or privately traded issuances that incorporate the credit quality and industry sector of the issuer. This level also includes securities priced by independent pricing services that use observable inputs. Valuations based on matrix pricing or other similar techniques that utilize significant unobservable inputs or inputs that cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data, including adjustments for illiquidity, delta spread adjustments or spreads to reflect industry trends or specific credit-related issues are classified as Level 3. In addition, inputs including quoted prices for identical or similar securities that are less liquid and based on lower levels of trading activity than securities classified in Level 2 are classified as Level 3.

Bonds (U.S. government and agencies) – These securities are principally valued using the market approach. Level 2 valuations are based primarily on quoted prices in markets that are not active, or using matrix pricing or other similar techniques using standard market observable inputs such as the benchmark U.S. Treasury yield curve, the spreads versus the U.S. Treasury yield curve for the identical security and comparable securities that are actively traded.

Derivative assets and liabilities – These financial instruments are primarily valued using the market approach. The estimated fair value of derivatives is based primarily on quotations obtained from counterparties and independent sources, such as quoted market values received from brokers. These quotations are compared to internally derived prices and a price challenge is lodged with the counterparties and an independent source when a significant difference cannot be explained by appropriate adjustments to the internal model. When quoted market values are not reliable or available, the value is based upon an internal valuation process using market observable inputs that other market participants would use. Significant inputs to the valuation of derivative financial instruments include overnight index swaps (OIS) and SOFR basis curves, interest rate volatility, swap yield curve, currency spot rates, cross currency basis curves and dividend yields. Due to the observability of the significant inputs to these fair value measurements, they are classified as Level 2.

The use of different assumptions or valuation methodologies may have a material impact on the estimated fair value amounts. For the periods presented, there were no significant changes to the Company's valuation techniques.

28    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The following presents changes in the Company's Level 3 assets carried at fair value:

Balance
as of
Gains (Losses) in Net Income Losses (Gains) in Surplus
Balance
as of
Transfers
01/01/25 Purchases Issuances Sales Settlements In Out Other 12/31/25
(In Millions)
Financial assets:
Bonds:
ICO $ 265 $ (18) $ (12) $ 35 $ 106 $ (3) $ (57) $ $ $ 75 $ 391
ABS (26) 11 58 7 50
Preferred stocks 46 1 11 17 (9) 3 (2) 67
Common stocks:
Subsidiaries and affiliates 134 1 12 148 (54) (56) 185
Unaffiliated 905 (29) 50 (3) (22) (99) (3) 799
Separate account assets 1,817 128 435 (208) (15) (55) 2,102
Total financial assets $ 3,167 $ 85 $ (17) $ 531 $ 271 $ (268) $ (103) $ 61 $ (210) $ 77 $ 3,594

Balance
as of
Gains (Losses) in Net Income Losses (Gains) in Surplus
Balance
as of
Transfers
01/01/24 Purchases Issuances Sales Settlements In Out Other 12/31/24
(In Millions)
Financial assets:
Bonds:
Industrial and miscellaneous $ 172 $ (130) $ 9 $ 7 $ 3 $ $ (10) $ $ $ 214 $ 265
Preferred stocks 63 (9) 8 (16) 46
Common stocks:
Subsidiaries and affiliates 177 3 3 415 (259) 66 (346) (156) 231 134
Unaffiliated 957 (6) 136 258 221 (12) (674) 25 905
Separate account assets 1,914 83 21 (196) (5) 1,817
Total financial assets $ 3,283 $ (59) $ 156 $ 701 $ (35) $ (142) $ (1,035) $ 25 $ (156) $ 429 $ 3,167

Other transfers include assets that are either no longer carried at fair value or have just begun to be carried at fair value, such as assets with no level changes but a change in the lower of cost or market carrying basis. Bonds in Other contain assets that are now carried at fair value due to ratings changes and assets are no longer carried at fair value where the fair value is now higher than the book value.

Level 3 Transfers-In are assets that are consistently carried at fair value but have had a level change. Common stocks unaffiliated assets were transferred from Level 2 to Level 3 due to a change in the observability of pricing inputs, at the beginning fair value for the reporting period.

29    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
5.    Investments

The Company maintains a diversified investment portfolio. Investment policies limit concentration in any asset class, geographic region, industry group, economic characteristic, investment quality or individual investment.

a.     Bonds

The carrying value and fair value of bonds were as follows:

December 31, 2025
Carrying Value Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair
Value
(In Millions)
ICO:
Corporate bonds (unaffiliated) $ 74,200  $ 775  $ 6,581  $ 68,394 
Bank loans - acquired & issued 9,984  71  110  9,945 
Corporate bonds (affiliated) 7,887  35  183  7,739 
U.S. government obligation (exempt from RBC) 4,697  24  612  4,109 
Bonds issued from SEC registered BDC/CEF/REIT 2,425  30  52  2,403 
Municipal bonds - general obligation & special revenue 2,062 32 115 1,979
Single entity backed bonds obligation 1,915  25  47  1,893 
Other U.S. government securities (not exempt from RBC) 1,780  69  18  1,831 
Non-U.S. sovereign jurisdiction securities 1,756  22  287  1,491 
SVO - identified bond exchange traded funds - fair value & systemic value 1,330  —  —  1,330 
Project finance bonds issued by operating entities 300  21  284 
Other ICO 36  36 
Total ICO $ 108,372  $ 1,089  $ 8,027  $ 101,434 
30    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
December 31, 2025
Carrying Value Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair
Value
(In Millions)
ABS:
Other financial ABS – self-liquidating (unaffiliated) $ 19,370  $ 77  $ 139  $ 19,308 
Non-agency – CLOs/CBOs/CDOs (unaffiliated) 14,514  35  14,543 
Equity backed securities 11,659  107  11,553 
Non-agency – CLOs/CBOs/CDOs (affiliated) 4,126  4,131 
Non-agency RMBS 4,122  72  20  4,174 
Non-agency CMBS 2,800  14  150  2,664 
Lease-backed securities – full analysis 2,321  40  68  2,293 
Other financial ABS – self-liquidating (affiliated) 1,817  1,817 
Lease-backed securities 873  44  837 
Other non-financial ABS – full analysis 617  11  611 
Other non-financial asset-backed securities 338  333 
Other financial ABS– not self-liquidating 217  218 
Agency CMBS 67  65 
Agency RMBS 23  —  —  23 
Total ABS 62,864  269  563  62,570 
Total bonds $ 171,236  $ 1,358  $ 8,590  $ 164,004 

The December 31, 2025 gross unrealized losses exclude $95 million of losses included in the carrying value. These losses include $92 million from NAIC Class 6 bonds and 3 million from RMBS and CMBS whose ratings were obtained from third-party modelers. These losses were primarily included bank loans, non-agency CMBS and other financial asset-backed securities.

December 31, 2024
Carrying Value Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair
Value
(In Millions)
U.S. government and agencies $ 5,604 $ 22 $ 658 $ 4,968
All other governments 979 6 176 809
States, territories and possessions 157 11 146
Political subdivisions 276 5 16 265
Special revenue 3,402 36 117 3,321
Industrial and miscellaneous 139,384 743 9,213 130,914
Hybrid securities 1,019 44 22 1,041
Parent, subsidiaries and affiliates 12,808 29 408 12,429
Total $ 163,629 $ 885 $ 10,621 $ 153,893

The December 31, 2024 gross unrealized losses exclude $186 million of losses included in the carrying value. These losses include $183 million from NAIC Class 6 bonds and $3 million from RMBS and CMBS whose ratings were obtained from third-party modelers. These losses were primarily included in industrial and miscellaneous or parent, subsidiaries and affiliates.

31    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The quality of the bond portfolio is determined by the use of SVO ratings and the equivalent rating agency designations, except for RMBS and CMBS that use third-party modelers. The following sets forth the NAIC class ratings for the bond portfolio including RMBS and CMBS:

December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
NAIC Class Equivalent Rating Agency Designation Carrying Value % of Total Carrying Value % of Total
($ In Millions)
1 Aaa/Aa/A $ 102,787  61  % $ 95,519  59  %
2 Baa 60,203  35  60,140  37 
3 Ba 3,363  3,324 
4 B 2,298  2,227 
5 Caa and lower 1,962  1,862 
6 In or near default 623  —  557  — 
Total $ 171,236  100  % $ 163,629  100  %

The following summarizes NAIC ratings for RMBS and CMBS investments subject to NAIC modeling:

December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
RMBS CMBS RMBS CMBS
NAIC Class Carrying Value % of
Total
Carrying Value % of
Total
Carrying Value % of
Total
Carrying Value % of
Total
($ In Millions)
1 $ 518  76  % $ 2,237  80  % $ 614  86  % $ 2,162  79  %
2 85  12  247  91  13  160 
3 81  12  81  160 
4 —  —  100  —  34 
5 —  —  54  —  135 
6 —  —  67  —  —  87 
$ 684  100  % $ 2786  100  % $ 711  100  % $ 2,738  100  %

The following is a summary of the carrying value and fair value of bonds as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties. Securities with more than one maturity date are included in the table using the final maturity date.

December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Carrying Value Fair
Value
Carrying Value Fair
Value
(In Millions)
Due in one year or less $ 12,987  $ 12,829  $ 5,558  $ 5,541 
Due after one year through five years 44,585  44,607  47,307  46,549 
Due after five years through ten years 35,401  34,749  38,692  37,385 
Due after ten years 78,263  71,819  72,072  64,417 
Total $ 171,236  $ 164,004  $ 163,629  $ 153,892 

32    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Sales proceeds and related gross realized capital gains (losses) from bonds were as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(In Millions)
Proceeds from sales $ 17,439  $ 18,349  $ 11,489 
Gross realized capital gains from sales 284  210  102 
Gross realized capital losses from sales (593) (451) (645)


The following is a summary of the fair values and gross unrealized losses aggregated by bond category and length of time that the securities were in a continuous unrealized loss position:

December 31, 2025
Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer
Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Issuers Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Issuers
($ In Millions)
ICO:
U.S. government obligation (exempt from RBC) $ 356  $ $ 2,474  $ 608  15 
Other U.S. government securities (not exempt from RBC) —  —  —  158  18  10 
Non-U.S. sovereign jurisdiction securities 54  927  287  80 
Municipal bonds - general obligation & special revenue 188  29  1,028  109  100 
Project finance bonds issued by operating entities 14  —  151  21  27 
Corporate bonds (affiliated) 36  —  6,009  182 
Corporate bonds (unaffiliated) 4,187  94  386  37,423  6,502  1,589 
Mandatory convertible bonds —  —  —  —  — 
Single entity backed bonds obligation 99  17  527  46  48 
SVO - identified bond exchange traded funds - fair value & systemic value 303  —  —  — 
Bonds issued from SEC registered BDC/CEF/REIT 113  16  513  52  45 
Bank loans - acquired 661  31  138  803  71  151 
Bank loans - issued 363  13  625  40  22 
Other ICO —  17 
Total ICO $ 6,377  $ 150  $ 622  $ 50,655  $ 7,937  $ 2,095 
33    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
December 31, 2025
Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer
Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Issuers Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Issuers
($ In Millions)
ABS:
Agency RMBS $ —  $ —  $ 44  $ 28 
Agency CMBS 11  —  20 
Non-agency RMBS 551  85  286  18  213 
Non-agency CMBS 255  27  1,381  167  145 
Non-agency – CLOs/CBOs/CDOs (affiliated) 730  16  70 
Non-agency – CLOs/CBOs/CDOs (unaffiliated) 1,744  165  48  —  17 
Other financial ABS – self-liquidating 1,524  45  89  2,939  116  143 
Equity backed securities 227  1,751  107 
Other financial ABS– not self-liquidating —  48 
Lease-backed securities 98  12  354  43  22 
Other non-financial asset-backed securities 82  —  123  16 
Lease-backed securities – full analysis 182  11  824  67  18 
Other non-financial ABS – full analysis 204  12  197  14 
Total ABS 5,610  60  435  8,085  538  638 
Total bonds $ 11,987  $ 210  1,057  $ 58,741  $ 8,475  2,733 

December 31, 2024
Less Than 12 Months 12 Months of Longer
Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Issuers Fair Value Unrealized Losses Number of Issuers
($ In Millions)
U. S. government and agencies $ 1,240  $ 88  $ 2,440  $ 570  13 
All other governments 61  14  622  174  27 
States, territories and possessions 19  —  109  11 
Political subdivisions 36  143  15 
Special revenue 377  10  39  1,077  107  119 
Industrial and miscellaneous 14,133  249  1,117  52,840  9,150  2,215 
Hybrid securities 159  14  174  20  23 
Parent, subsidiaries and affiliates 1,304  10  12  6,865  398 
Total $ 17,329  $ 363  1,210  $ 64,270  $ 10,445  2,421 

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, management has not deemed these unrealized losses to be other-than-temporary because the investment’s carrying value is expected to be realized and the Company has the ability and intent not to sell these investments until recovery, which may be at maturity.

34    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
As of December 31, 2025, investments in structured and loan-backed securities that had unrealized losses, which were not recognized in earnings, had a fair value of $11,068 million. Securities in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months had a fair value of $5,167 million and unrealized losses of $58 million. Securities in an unrealized loss position for greater than 12 months had a fair value of $5,900 million and unrealized losses of $453 million. These securities were primarily categorized as non-agency CMBS, non-agency - CLOs/CBOs/CDOs and other financial asset-backed securities.

As of December 31, 2024, investments in structured and loan-backed securities that had unrealized losses, which were not recognized in earnings, had a fair value of $11,250 million. Securities in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months had a fair value of $4,249 million and unrealized losses of $42 million. Securities in an unrealized loss position for greater than 12 months had a fair value of $7,001 million and unrealized losses of $887 million. These securities were primarily categorized as industrial and miscellaneous or parent, subsidiaries and affiliates.

In the course of the Company’s investment management activities, securities may be sold and reacquired within 30 days to enhance the Company’s yield on its investment portfolio. The Company did not sell any securities with the NAIC Designation 3 or below for the years ended December 31, 2025 or 2024 that were reacquired within 30 days of the sale date.

The Company had assets on deposit with government authorities or trustees, as required by law, in the amount of $10 million and $10 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Residential mortgage-backed exposure

The Company's RMBS portfolio includes prime, subprime and Alt-A loans. The Alt-A category includes option adjustable-rate mortgages and the subprime category includes 'scratch and dent' or reperforming pools, high loan-to-value pools and pools where the borrowers have very impaired credit but the average loan-to-value is low, typically 70% or below. In identifying Alt-A and subprime exposure, management used a combination of qualitative and quantitative factors, including FICO (Fair Isaac Corporation) scores and loan-to-value ratios.

As of December 31, 2025, RMBS had a total carrying value of $3,616 million and a fair value of $3,661 million of which approximately 2%, based on carrying value, was classified as Alt-A. Alt-A and subprime RMBS had a total carrying value of $2,196 million and a fair value of $2,228 million. As of December 31, 2024, RMBS had a total carrying value of $3,882 million and a fair value of $3,904 million of which approximately 2%, based on carrying value, was classified as Alt-A. Alt-A and subprime RMBS had a total carrying value of $2,246 million and a fair value of $2,268 million.

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no significant credit downgrades for the securities held by the Company that were backed by residential mortgage pools.

Leveraged loan exposure

Leveraged loans are loans extended to companies that already have considerable amounts of debt. The Company reports leveraged loans as bonds. These leveraged loans have interest rates higher than typical loans, reflecting the additional risk of default from issuers with high debt-to-equity ratios.

As of December 31, 2025, total leveraged loans had a carrying value of $3,584 million and a fair value of $3,575 million, of which approximately 47%, based on carrying value, were domestic leveraged loans. As of December 31, 2024, total leveraged loans had a carrying value of $3,386 million and a fair value of $3,394 million, of which approximately 45%, based on carrying value, were domestic leveraged loans.

In 2024, the Company refined its definition of leveraged loans to include commercial loans to high-yield corporations.

35    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Commercial mortgage-backed exposure

The Company holds bonds backed by pools of commercial mortgages. The mortgages in these pools have varying risk characteristics related to underlying collateral type, borrower's risk profile and ability to refinance and the return provided to the borrower from the underlying collateral. These investments had a carrying value of $2,727 million and fair value of $2,591 million as of December 31, 2025 and a carrying value of $2,749 million and fair value of $2,449 million as of December 31, 2024.

Prepayment penalty and acceleration fees

Investment income related to securities sold, redeemed or otherwise disposed:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024
($ In Millions)
Number of CUSIPS
69  46 
Aggregate Amount of Investment Income
$ 16  $ 15 

b.    5GI Securities

Securities owned by the Company with an NAIC designation of 5GI securities:

December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Number of 5GI Securities Carrying Value Fair
Value
Number of 5GI Securities Carrying Value Fair
Value
($ In Millions)
Investments:
Bonds - amortized cost 263  $ 1,196  $ 1,184  242  $ 1,002  $ 987 
Preferred stocks - amortized cost 23  29  —  —  — 
Preferred stocks - fair value
Total 270  $ 1,227  $ 1,220  244  $ 1,003  $ 988 

c.     Preferred stocks

The carrying value and fair value of preferred stocks were as follows:

December 31,
2025 2024
(In Millions)
Carrying value $ 1,651  $ 1,019 
Gross unrealized gains 581  129 
Gross unrealized losses (2) (3)
Fair value $ 2,230  $ 1,145 

36    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
As of December 31, 2025, investments in preferred stocks in an unrealized loss position included holdings with a fair value of $259 million in 21 issuers, $4 million of which was in an unrealized loss position for more than 12 months. As of December 31, 2024, investments in preferred stocks in an unrealized loss position included holdings with a fair value of $178 million in 12 issuers, $141 million of which was in an unrealized loss position for more than 12 months. Based upon the Company’s impairment review process discussed in Note 2ee. "Net realized capital losses including other-than-temporary impairments and unrealized capital gains (losses)" the decline in value of these securities was not considered to be other than temporary as of December 31, 2025 or 2024.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company held preferred stocks for which the transfer of ownership was restricted by contractual requirements with carrying values of $96 million and $96 million, respectively.

d.     Common stocks – subsidiaries and affiliates

The Company has two primary domestic life insurance subsidiaries, C.M. Life Insurance Company (C.M. Life), which primarily provides fixed and variable annuities and universal life insurance business, and MML Bay State Life Insurance Company (MML Bay State), a subsidiary of C.M. Life, which primarily issues variable life and bank-owned life insurance policies.

Summarized below is certain combined statutory financial information for the unconsolidated domestic life insurance subsidiaries:

As of and for the Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(In Millions)
Total Revenue $ 405  $ 341  $ 433 
Net income (19) 48 
Assets 12,348  12,451  12,653 
Liabilities 10,378  10,531  10,515 
Shareholder's equity 1,970  1,920  2,138 

In 2025, C.M. Life did not pay any dividends to MassMutual and paid $190 million in dividends to MassMutual in 2024.

MassMutual did not make any contributions to C.M. Life in 2025 and 2024.

MMHLLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of MassMutual, is the parent of subsidiaries that include Barings LLC (Barings) and deals in markets that include retail and institutional asset management entities and registered broker dealers.

The MMHLLC statutory carrying value was $16.1 billion, which included $78 million of nonadmitted asset adjustments as of December 31, 2025 and $17.2 billion as of December 31, 2024, which included $122 million of nonadmitted asset adjustments.

37    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Summarized below is certain U.S. GAAP financial information for MMHLLC:

As of and for the Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(In Billions)
Total Revenue $ 6.3  $ 5.1  $ 3.4 
Net income 2.0  1.2  0.7 
Assets 27.3  27.7  27.2 
Liabilities 10.2  9.5  9.1 
Member's equity 17.1  18.2  18.1 

MMHLLC paid $874 million in dividends to MassMutual for the year ended December 31, 2025, $570 million of which were declared in 2024, and paid $785 million in dividends to MassMutual for the year ended December 31, 2024, $630 million of which was declared in 2023.

MMHLLC declared an additional $1.2 billion in dividends to MassMutual for the year ended December 31, 2025, which will be paid in 2026.

In May 2025, MMHLLC distributed a return of capital of $1.2 billion to MassMutual as a result of Invesco repurchasing a portion of its outstanding MassMutual preferred shares. This transaction is expected to enhance MassMutual's financial flexibility and be earnings accretive for Invesco. MassMutual will retain approximately 18.2% ownership of Invesco's common shares.

MassMutual contributed capital of $759 million to MMHLLC through the year ended December 31, 2025, and $32 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.

On March 14, 2025, Barings acquired Artemis Real Estate Partners, a U.S.-based real estate debt and equity investment manager with gross assets under management of approximately $11 billion. The total purchase price included an upfront payment of $396 million and a final payment of $255 million to be paid in 2030. The acquisition is expected to bolster Barings' position as a key player in the real estate asset management sector.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024 the Glidepath statutory carrying value was $4.9 billion and $4.7 billion, respectively.

Summarized below is certain U.S. GAAP financial information for Glidepath:

As of and for the Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024
(In Billions)
Total Revenue $ 3.1  $ 3.0 
Net income —  0.3 
Assets 65.4  58.6 
Liabilities 61.3  55.0 
Shareholder's equity 4.1  3.6 

38    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Summarized below is certain U.S. GAAP financial information for MMIH:

As of and for the Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(In Billions)
Total Revenue $ 0.5  $ 0.5  $ 0.4 
Net income 0.1  0.1  0.1 
Assets 11.3  10.9  10.1 
Liabilities 9.3  9.0  8.2 
Member's equity 2.1  1.9  1.9 

Subsidiaries of MMHLLC are involved in litigation and investigations arising in the ordinary course of their business, which seek compensatory damages, punitive damages and equitable remedies. Although the Company is not aware of any actions or allegations that reasonably could give rise to a material adverse impact to the Company’s financial position or liquidity, the outcome of litigation cannot be foreseen with certainty. It is the opinion of management that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not materially impact the Company’s financial position or liquidity. However, the outcome of a particular proceeding may be material to the Company’s Statutory Statements of Changes in Surplus for a particular period depending upon, among other factors, the size of the loss and the level of the Company’s changes in surplus for the period.

The Company does not rely on dividends from its subsidiaries to meet its operating cash flow requirements. For the domestic life insurance subsidiaries, substantially all of their statutory shareholder’s equity of $1,763 million and $1,701 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, was subject to dividend restrictions imposed by the State of Connecticut.

For further information on related party transactions with subsidiaries and affiliates, see Note 17. "Related party transactions".

e.     Common stocks – unaffiliated

The adjusted cost basis and carrying value of unaffiliated common stocks were as follows:

December 31,
2025 2024
(In Millions)
Adjusted cost basis $ 855  $ 783 
Gross unrealized gains 478  437 
Gross unrealized losses (87) (22)
Carrying value $ 1,246  $ 1,198 

As of December 31, 2025, investments in unaffiliated common stocks in an unrealized loss position included holdings with a fair value of $118 million in 42 issuers, $13 million of which were in an unrealized loss position for more than 12 months. As of December 31, 2024, investments in unaffiliated common stocks in an unrealized loss position included holdings with a fair value of $41 million in 22 issuers, $18 million of which were in an unrealized loss position for more than 12 months. Based upon the Company’s impairment review process discussed in Note 2ee. "Net realized capital losses including other-than-temporary impairments and unrealized capital gains (losses)" the decline in value of these securities was not considered to be other than temporary as of December 31, 2025 or 2024.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024 the Company held common stocks, for which the transfer of ownership was restricted by contractual requirements, with carrying values of $3 million and $6 million, respectively.
39    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
f.     Mortgage loans

Mortgage loans are comprised of commercial mortgage loans and residential mortgage loans. The Company’s commercial mortgage loans finance various types of real estate properties primarily throughout the U.S. and the United Kingdom. The Company holds commercial mortgage loans for which it is the primary lender or a participant or co-lender in a mortgage loan agreement and mezzanine loans that are subordinate to senior secured first liens. The Company’s loan agreements with the senior lender contain negotiated provisions that are designed to maximize the Company’s influence with the objective of mitigating the Company’s risks as the secondary lender for mezzanine loans. Commercial mortgage loans have varying risk characteristics including, among others, the borrower’s liquidity, the underlying percentage of completion of a project, the returns generated by the collateral, the refinance risk associated with maturity of the loan and deteriorating collateral value.

Residential mortgage loans are primarily seasoned pools of homogeneous residential mortgage loans some of which are backed by Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and Veterans Administration (VA) guarantees. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not have any direct subprime exposure through the purchases of unsecuritized whole-loan pools.

Geographical concentration is considered prior to the purchase of mortgage loans and residential mortgage loan pools. The mortgage loan portfolio is diverse with no significant collateral concentrations in any particular geographic region as of December 31, 2025 or 2024.

The carrying value and fair value of the Company's mortgage loans were as follows:

December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
Value Value Value Value
(In Millions)
Commercial mortgage loans:
Primary lender $ 14,911 $ 13,951 $ 16,854 $ 15,477
Mezzanine loans 142 139 108 98
Total commercial mortgage loans 15,053 14,090 16,962 15,575
Residential mortgage loans:
FHA insured and VA guaranteed 1,437 1,358 1,599 1,487
Other residential loans 8,208 8,319 5,131 5,083
Total residential mortgage loans 9,645 9,677 6,730 6,570
Total mortgage loans $ 24,698 $ 23,767 $ 23,692 $ 22,145

The loan-to-value ratios by property type of the Company's commercial mortgage loans were as follows:

December 31, 2025
Less Than 71% 71% to 80% 81% to 90% 91% to 95% Above 95% Total % of Total
($ In Millions)
Office $ 2,011  $ 776  $ 670  $ 192  $ 954  $ 4,603  31  %
Apartments 4,238  519  193  23  273  5,246  35 
Industrial and other 2,445  104  —  —  30  2,579  17 
Hotels 950  208  119  —  —  1,277 
Retail 988  209  142  —  1,348 
Total $ 10,632  $ 1,816  $ 1,124  $ 224  $ 1,257  $ 15,053  100  %
40    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
December 31, 2024
Less Than 71% 71% to 80% 81% to 90% 91% to 95% Above 95% Total % of Total
($ In Millions)
Office $ 2,047  $ 818  $ 817  $ 502  $ 1,423  $ 5,607  33  %
Apartments 3,893  711  343  66  371  5,384  32 
Industrial and other 2,478  163  24  —  73  2,738  16 
Retail 1,250  274  145  —  34  1,703  10 
Hotels 1,164  96  179  —  90  1,529 
Total $ 10,832  $ 2,062  $ 1,508  $ 568  $ 1,991  $ 16,961  100  %

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s commercial mortgage loans’ loan-to-value ratios below 71% were 71% and 64%, respectively.

The Company uses an internal rating system as its primary method of monitoring credit quality. The following illustrates the Company’s mortgage loan portfolio rating, translated into the equivalent rating agency designation:

December 31, 2025
 AAA/AA/A BBB BB B CCC and Lower Total
(In Millions)
Commercial mortgage loans:
Primary lender $ 3,586  $ 6,830  $ 3,221  $ 776  $ 498  $ 14,911 
Mezzanine loans —  72  70  —  —  142 
Total commercial mortgage loans 3,586  6,902  3,291  776  498  15,053 
Residential mortgage loans:
FHA insured and VA guaranteed 1,437  —  —  —  —  1,437 
Other residential loans 1,298  6,893  16  —  8,208 
Total residential mortgage loans 2,735  6,893  16  —  9,645 
Total mortgage loans $ 6,321  $ 13,795  $ 3,307  $ 777  $ 498  $ 24,698 

December 31, 2024
 AAA/AA/A BBB BB B CCC and Lower Total
(In Millions)
Commercial mortgage loans:
Primary lender $ 4,324  $ 8,145  $ 2,718  $ 978  $ 689  $ 16,854 
Mezzanine loans —  72  36  —  —  108 
Total commercial mortgage loans 4,324 8,217  2,754  978  689  16,962 
Residential mortgage loans:
FHA insured and VA guaranteed 1,599  —  —  —  —  1,599 
Other residential loans 745  4,365  20  —  5,131 
Total residential mortgage loans 2,344  4,365  20  —  6,730 
Total mortgage loans $ 6,668  $ 12,582  $ 2,774  $ 979  $ 689  $ 23,692 

41    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024 the maximum percentage of any one commercial mortgage loan to the estimated value of secured collateral at the time the loan was originated, exclusive of mezzanine, insured, guaranteed or purchase money mortgages, was 80%.

The geographic distribution of commercial mortgage loans was as follows:

December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Carrying
Value
Average
Loan-to-Value
Ratio
Carrying
Value
Average
Loan-to-Value
Ratio
($ In Millions)
California $ 2,827  75  % $ 3,465  83  %
Texas 1,764  61  % 1,852  63  %
United Kingdom 1,733  55  % 1,710  55  %
New York 1,238  73  % 1,565  81  %
Illinois 942  55  % 1,033  55  %
District of Columbia 805  80  % 875  80  %
Massachusetts 784  62  % 760  63  %
All other 4,960  66  % 5,700  76  %
Total commercial mortgage loans $ 15,053  68  % $ 16,960  73  %

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, all other consists of 27 jurisdictions with no individual exposure exceeding $687 million and 29 jurisdictions with no individual exposure exceeding $760 million, respectively.

Interest rates, including fixed and variable, on the Company's portfolio of mortgage loans were:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024
Low High Low High
Commercial mortgage loans 2.5% 11.5% 2.5% 12.2%
Residential mortgage loans 2.2% 12.2% 2.2% 12.2%
Mezzanine mortgage loans 5.3% 13.0% 5.3% 13.7%

Interest rates, including fixed and variable, on new mortgage loans were:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024
Low High Low High
Commercial mortgage loans 3.5% 10.3% 4.3% 11.3%
Residential mortgage loans 6.5% 11.4% 4.1% 11.7%
Mezzanine mortgage loans 11.5% 11.5% 0.0  % 0.0  %

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had impaired mortgage loans with or without a valuation allowance or mortgage loans derecognized as a result of foreclosure, including mortgage loans subject to a participant or co-lender mortgage loan agreement with a unilateral mortgage loan foreclosure restriction or mortgage loan derecognized as a result of a foreclosure.

42    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The following presents a summary of the Company's impaired mortgage loans as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

December 31, 2025
Carrying Value Average Carrying Value Unpaid Principal Balance Valuation Allowance Interest Income
(In Millions)
With no allowance recorded:
Commercial mortgage loans:
Primary lender $ 210  $ 189  $ 277  $ —  $ — 
Mezzanine loans 10  — 
Total 213  196  287  — 
Total impaired commercial mortgage loans $ 213  $ 196  $ 287  $ —  $

December 31, 2024
Carrying Value Average Carrying Value Unpaid Principal Balance Valuation Allowance Interest Income
(In Millions)
With allowance recorded:
Commercial mortgage loans:
Primary lender $ 88  $ 102  $ 125  $ (35) $
Total 88  102  125  (35)
With no allowance recorded:
Commercial mortgage loans:
Primary lender $ 399  $ 403  $ 552  $ —  $
Total 399  403  552  — 
Total impaired commercial mortgage loans $ 487  $ 505  $ 677  $ (35) $

As of December 31, 2025, the Company held one restructured mortgage loan with a value of $133 million. The Company did not hold any restructured mortgage loans as of December 31, 2024.

The Company did not hold any mortgage loans with principal or interest past due or mortgage loans with suspended interest accruals as of December 31, 2025 or 2024. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024 the carrying value of commercial mortgage loans subject to a participant or co-lender mortgage loan agreement was $423 million and $724 million, respectively.

Allowance for credit losses:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024
Balance at the beginning of year $ (35) $ (157)
Additions charged to operations (14) (94)
Direct write-downs charged against the allowances 38  — 
Recoveries of amounts previously charged off 11  216 
Balance at the end of the year $ —  $ (35)

43    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
g.     Real estate

The carrying value of real estate was as follows:

December 31,
2025 2024
 (In Millions)
 Held for the production of income $ 124  $ 356 
 Accumulated depreciation (46) (109)
 Encumbrances (63) (264)
 Held for the production of income, net 15  (17)
 Held for sale 261  76 
 Accumulated depreciation (77) (74)
 Encumbrances (197) — 
 Held for sale, net (13)
 Occupied by the Company 568  568 
 Accumulated depreciation (243) (230)
 Occupied by the Company, net 325  338 
 Total real estate $ 327  $ 323 

For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 depreciation expense on real estate was $27 million, $30 million and $31 million, respectively.

h.     Partnerships and limited liability companies

The carrying value of partnerships and limited liability companies holdings by annual statement category were:

December 31,
2025 2024
 (In Millions)
Joint venture interests:
Common stocks - subsidiaries and affiliates $ 1,733  $ 2,189 
Common stocks - unaffiliated 3,682  3,268 
Real estate 4,734  3,497 
Bonds / preferred stocks 1,081  959 
Other 1,302  1,716 
Mortgage loans 2,738  2,563 
Surplus notes —  440 
LIHTCs 124  115 
Total $ 15,394  $ 14,747 

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company held 18 affiliated partnerships and limited liability companies in a loss position with accumulated losses of $19 million and 14 affiliated partnerships and limited liability companies in a loss position with accumulated losses of $57 million, respectively.

The Company’s unexpired tax credits expire within a range of less than 1 year to 13 years.

44    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded tax credits on these investments of $51 million and $57 million, respectively. The minimum holding period required for the Company’s LIHTC investments extends from 1 year to 15 years.

For determining impairments for LIHTC investments, the Company uses the present value of all future benefits, the majority of which are tax credits, discounted at a risk-free rate ranging from 3.5% for future benefits of two years to 4.2% for future benefits of ten or more years, and compares the result to its current carry value. The Company recorded $32 million impairments to LIHTC investments for the year ended December 31, 2025 and no impairments to LIHTC investments for the year ended December 31, 2024.
i.     Derivatives

The Company uses derivative financial instruments in the normal course of business to manage risks, primarily to reduce currency, interest rate and duration imbalances determined in asset/liability analyses. The Company also uses a combination of derivatives and fixed income investments to create replicated synthetic investments. These replicated synthetic investments are created when they are economically more attractive than the actual instrument or when similar instruments are unavailable. Replicated synthetic investments are created either to hedge and reduce the Company's credit exposure or to create an investment in a particular asset. The Company held replicated synthetic investments with a notional amount of $38,003 million as of December 31, 2025 and $33,462 million as of December 31, 2024, as defined under statutory accounting practices as the result of pairing of a long derivative contract with cash instruments.

The Company’s derivative strategy employs a variety of derivative financial instruments, including: interest rate, currency, equity, bond, and credit default swaps; options; forward contracts and financial futures. Investment risk is assessed on a portfolio basis and individual derivative financial instruments are not generally designated in hedging relationships; therefore, as allowed by statutory accounting practices, the Company intentionally has not applied hedge accounting.

Interest rate swaps are primarily used to more closely match the cash flows of assets and liabilities. Interest rate swaps are also used to mitigate changes in the value of assets anticipated to be purchased and other anticipated transactions and commitments. The Company uses currency swaps for the purpose of managing currency exchange risks in its assets and liabilities.

The Company does not sell credit default swaps as a participant in the credit insurance market. The Company does, however, use credit default swaps as part of its investment management process. The Company buys credit default swaps as an efficient means to reduce credit exposure to particular issuers or sectors in the Company’s investment portfolio. The Company sells credit default swaps in order to create synthetic investment positions that enhance the return on its investment portfolio by providing comparable exposure to fixed income securities that might not be available in the primary market.

Options grant the purchaser the right to buy or sell a security or enter a derivative transaction at a stated price within a stated period. The Company’s option contracts have terms of up to 15 years. A swaption is an option to enter an interest rate swap to either receive or pay a fixed rate at a future date. The Company purchases these options for the purpose of managing interest rate risks in its assets and liabilities.

The Company adopted a clearly defined hedging strategy (CDHS) to enable the Company to incorporate currently held hedges in risk-based capital (RBC) calculations. The CDHS is used to significantly mitigate the impact that movements in capital markets have on the liabilities associated with annuity guarantees. The hedge portfolio consists mainly of interest rate swaps, equity swaps, interest rate swaptions and equity futures, and provides protection in the stress scenarios under which RBC is calculated. The hedge portfolio has offsetting impacts relative to the total asset requirement for RBC and surplus for GMDB and VAGLB.

45    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The Company utilizes certain other agreements including forward contracts and financial futures. In addition, the Company also uses “to be announced” forward contracts (TBAs) to hedge interest rate risk and participate in the mortgage-backed securities market in an efficient and cost effective way. Typically, the price is agreed upon at contract inception and payment is made at a specified future date. The Company usually does not purchase TBAs with settlement by the first possible delivery date and thus, accounts for these TBAs as derivatives. TBAs that settle on the first possible delivery date are accounted for as bonds. The Company’s futures contracts are exchange traded and have credit risk. Margin requirements are met with the deposit of securities. Futures contracts are generally settled with offsetting transactions. Forward contracts and financial futures are used by the Company to reduce exposures to various risks including interest rates and currency rates.

The Company’s principal derivative exposures to market risk are interest rate risk, which includes inflation and credit risk. Interest rate risk pertains to the change in fair value of the derivative instruments as a result of changes in market interest rates. The Company is exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments. The Company regularly monitors counterparty credit ratings, derivative positions, valuations and the value of collateral posted to ensure counterparties are credit-worthy and the concentration of exposure is minimized and monitors its derivative credit exposure as part of its overall risk management program.

The Company enters derivative transactions through bilateral derivative agreements with counterparties, or through over the counter cleared derivatives with a counterparty and the use of a clearinghouse. To minimize credit risk for bilateral transactions, the Company and its counterparties generally enter into master netting agreements based on agreed upon requirements that outline the framework for how collateral is to be posted in the amount owed under each transaction, subject to certain minimums. For over the counter cleared derivative transactions between the Company and a counterparty, the parties enter into a series of master netting and other agreements that govern, among other things, clearing and collateral requirements. These transactions are cleared through a clearinghouse and each derivative counterparty is only exposed to the default risk of the clearinghouse. Certain interest rate swaps and credit default swaps are considered cleared transactions. These cleared transactions require initial and daily variation margin collateral postings. These agreements allow for contracts in a positive position, in which amounts are due to the Company, to be offset by contracts in a negative position. This right of offset, combined with collateral obtained from counterparties, reduces the Company’s credit exposure.

Net collateral pledged to the counterparties was $2,333 million as of December 31, 2025, and net collateral pledged to the counterparties was $441 million as of December 31, 2024. In the event of default, the full market value exposure at risk, net of offsets and collateral, was $66 million and $160 million as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The statutory net amount at risk, defined as net collateral pledged and statement values excluding accrued interest, was $4,275 million and $5,170 million as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

As of December 31, 2025, the company had the right to rehypothecate or repledge securities totaling $924 million, pledged by the counterparties, of the $2,333 million of the net collateral pledged to counterparties. As of December 31, 2024, the company had the right to rehypothecate or repledge securities totaling $1,489 million, pledged by the counterparties, of the $441 million of the net collateral pledged to counterparties. There were no securities rehypothecated to other counterparties as of December 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

46    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The following summarizes the carrying values and notional amounts of the Company’s derivative financial instruments:

December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
Carrying Value Notional Amount Carrying Value Notional Amount Carrying Value Notional Amount Carrying Value Notional Amount
(In Millions)
Interest rate swaps $ 19,065 $ 199,906 $ 14,278 $ 154,527 $ 20,513 $ 173,481 $ 15,665 $ 164,073
Options 523 28,347 63 2,632 567 11,002 63 242
Currency swaps 2,583 26,812 2,118 19,999 2,711 31,042 792 15,461
Forward contracts 28 4,970 278 21,381 412 12,503 67 5,519
Credit default swaps 40 179 8,029 2 162 175 7,903
Financial futures (5) 1,036 15 567 12 506
Total $ 22,194 $ 261,111 $ 16,916 $ 206,568 $ 24,220 $ 228,757 $ 16,774 $ 193,704

The average fair value of outstanding derivative assets was $22,366 and $22,544 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The average fair value of outstanding derivative liabilities was $16,283 and $15,554 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The following summarizes the notional amounts of the Company's credit default swaps by contractual maturity:

December 31,
2025 2024
(In Millions)
Due in one year or less $ 20 $
Due after one year through five years 8,049 8,065
Total $ 8,069 $ 8,065

The following presents the Company’s gross notional interest rate swap positions:

December 31,
2025 2024
(In Millions)
Open interest rate swaps in a fixed pay position $ 156,938 $ 147,691
Open interest rate swaps in a fixed receive position 195,993 186,865
Other interest related swaps 1,502 2,998
Total interest rate swaps $ 354,433 $ 337,554

47    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The following summarizes the Company’s net realized (losses) gains on closed contracts and change in net unrealized (losses) gains related to market fluctuations on open contracts by derivative type:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
Net Realized (Losses) Gains on Closed Contracts Change in Net Unrealized Losses on Open Contracts Net Realized (Losses) Gains on Closed Contracts Change in Net Unrealized (Losses) Gains on Open Contracts Net Realized (Losses) Gains on Closed Contracts Change in Net Unrealized (Losses) Gains on Open Contracts
(In Millions)
Interest rate swaps (35) (61) (294) (521) (267) 118 
Currency swaps (68) (284) 122  (204) 101  (309)
Options (28) (63) (31) 31  (96)
Credit default swaps (10) (3) (69) 43  (39) (24)
Forward contracts (344) (595) (17) 633  (62) (66)
Financial futures (28) (8) (55) (24) (107)
Total $ (513) $ (1,014) $ (344) $ (66) $ (343) $ (368)

Cash flows associated with derivative instruments, including related gains and losses, are presented within miscellaneous proceeds and miscellaneous applications in the statement of cash flows.

j.     Debt securities that do not qualify as bonds

The carrying value and fair value were as follows:

December 31, 2025
Carrying Value Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair
Value
(In Millions)
Debt securities that do not qualify as bonds $ 498 $ 16 $ $ 514

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had no debt securities that do not qualify as bonds that had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months. The Company had debt securities that do not qualify as bonds that had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or longer, which have 4 issuers with a fair value of $14 million and unrealized losses of less than $1 million.

Premiums, discounts, and yield adjustments on these investments are amortized using either the prospective or retrospective method, depending on the nature of the security and changes in expected cash flows:

Prospective Method: When estimated cash flows change, the effective yield is recalculated and applied incrementally over the remaining life of the security
Retrospective Method: When actual cash flows differ significantly from estimates, the prior amortization is adjusted as of the date the cashflow is changed for the full amount of the correction

The Company assigns the amortization method at purchase based on security type and evaluates cash flow estimates quarterly to best reflect the economics of the investment and statutory accounting guidance.

48    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Prepayment assumptions for other invested assets are based on various assumptions and inputs obtained from external industry sources along with internal analysis and actual experience.

The following contains debt securities that do not qualify as bonds that recognized OTTI classified on the following bases for recognizing OTTI:

Amortized cost basis before
OTTI impairment
OTTI recognized in loss
Interest
Non-interest
Fair value
(In Millions)
OTTI recognized
Inability or lack of intent to retain the investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to recover the amortized cost basis
$ 130  $ —  $ 79  $ 51 

All impairments were taken due to the present value of cash flows expected to be collected being less than the amortized cost basis.

The following is impaired debt securities that do not qualify as bonds where the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis.

Adjusted carrying value amortized cost before OTTI Present value of projected cash flow Recognized
OTTI
Amortized cost
after OTTI
Fair value at time of OTTI
(In Millions)
$ 130  $ 51  $ (79) $ 51  $ 29 

As of December 31, 2025, there were no securities sold, redeemed, or otherwise disposed of as a result of a callable or tender offer feature, and no investment income was generated from prepayment penalties or acceleration fees.

k.     Repurchase agreements

The Company has entered into repurchase agreements whereby the Company sells securities and simultaneously agrees to repurchase the same or substantially the same securities. These repurchase agreements are accounted for as collateralized borrowings with the proceeds from the sale of the securities recorded as a liability and the underlying securities continue to be recorded as an investment by the Company. Earnings on these investments are recorded as investment income and the difference between the proceeds and the amount at which the securities will be subsequently reacquired is amortized as interest expense. Repurchase agreements are used as a tool for overall portfolio management to help ensure the Company maintains adequate assets in order to provide yield, spread and duration to support liabilities and other corporate needs.

The Company provides collateral, as dictated by the repurchase agreements, to the counterparty in exchange for a loan. If the fair value of the securities sold becomes less than the loan, the counterparty may require additional collateral.

The carrying value, which is at cost, reported in the Company’s liabilities as repurchase agreements approximates the fair value.

49    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The following table provides contractual maturity, maximum balance during the year, and ending balance for bilateral repurchase agreements:

December 31,
2025 2024
Maximum Balance Ending Balance Maximum Balance Ending Balance
(In Millions)
2 Days to 1 Week $ —  $ —  $ 425  $ — 
From 1 Week to 1 Month 414  —  1,359  — 
Greater than 1 Month to 3 Months 3,441  3,441  5,437  2,778 
Greater than 3 Months to 1 Year —  —  630  630 
Total $ 3,855  $ 3,441  $ 7,851  $ 3,408 

The company did not have any repurchase agreements where securities sold and/or acquired resulted in default as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The following table presents the fair value and amortized cost of securities sold under bilateral repurchase agreement transactions, which were all NAIC rating of 1, for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

Maximum Balance Ending Balance
(In Millions)
March 31, 2025
Fair Value $ 3,524  $ 3,497 
Carrying Value $ —  $ 3,838 
June 30, 2025
Fair Value $ 3,559  $ 3,451 
Carrying Value $ —  $ 3,466 
September 30, 2025
Fair Value $ 3,540  $ 3,256 
Carrying Value $ —  $ 3,633 
December 31, 2025
Fair Value $ 3,557  $ 3,028 
Carrying Value $ —  $ 3,336 
March 31, 2024
Fair Value $ 4,473  $ 3,466 
Carrying Value $ —  $ 3,466 
June 30, 2024
Fair Value $ 3,532  $ 3,449 
Carrying Value $ —  $ 3,799 
September 30, 2024
Fair Value $ 3,710  $ 3,671 
Carrying Value $ —  $ 3,816 
December 31, 2024
Fair Value $ 3,650  $ 3,420 
Carrying Value $ —  $ 3,824 

50    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The following table presents the cash collateral and the fair value of security collateral, which were all NAIC rating of 1, received in the bilateral repurchase agreement transactions for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

Maximum Balance Ending Balance
Cash Securities Cash Securities
(In Millions)
March 31, 2025 $ 3,358 $ 10 $ 3,426 $ 5
June 30, 2025 $ 6,388 $ 4 $ 3,391 $ 3
September 30, 2025 $ 3,632 $ 7 $ 3,236 $ 7
December 31, 2025 $ 3,489 $ 3,518 $ 3,441 $ 1
March 31, 2024 $ 96 $ 3,530 $ 16 $ 3,487
June 30, 2024 $ 3,741 $ 14 $ 3,431 $
September 30, 2024 $ 5,658 $ 13 $ 3,622 $
December 31, 2024 $ 5,897 $ 1 $ 3,357 $ 1

The following table presents collateral received, aggregate allocation of the collateral by the remaining contractual maturity of the repurchase agreements for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

Overnight and Continuous 30 Days or Less 31 to 90 Days > 90days
(In Millions)
Maximum Balance
March 31, 2025 $ $ $ 3,252 $ 145
June 30, 2025 $ $ $ 3,639 $
September 30, 2025 $ $ $ 3,254 $
December 31, 2025 $ —  $ —  $ 3,441  $ — 
March 31, 2024 $ $ $ 1,626 $ 1,880
June 30, 2024 $ $ 14 $ 1,551 $ 1,927
September 30, 2024 $ $ 789 $ 2,164 $ 213
December 31, 2024 $ —  $ 223  $ 3,031  $ 485 
Ending Balance
March 31, 2025 $ $ $ 3,252 $ 145
June 30, 2025 $ $ $ 3,639 $
September 30, 2025 $ $ $ 3,254 $
December 31, 2025 $ $ $ 3,441 $
March 31, 2024 $ $ $ 1,626 $ 1,880
June 30, 2024 $ $ 14 $ 1,551 $ 1,927
September 30, 2024 $ $ 789 $ 2,164 $ 213
December 31, 2024 $ $ 223 $ 3,031 $ 485

51    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The following table presents cash collateral received that has been reinvested, the total reinvested cash and the aggregate amortized cost and fair value of the invest asset acquired with the cash collateral for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

30 Days or Less 31 to 60 Days 181 to 365 Days
Amortized Cost Fair
Value
Amortized Cost Fair
Value
Amortized Cost Fair
Value
Maximum & Ending Balance
March 31, 2025 $ $ $ $ $ $
June 30, 2025 $ $ $ $ $ $
September 30, 2025 $ $ $ $ $ 4,603 $ 4,650
December 31, 2025 $ (1,544) $ (1,488) $ (1,792) $ (1,540) $ 10,688  $ 10,812 
March 31, 2024 $ $ $ $ $ $
June 30, 2024 $ $ $ $ $ $
September 30, 2024 $ $ $ $ $ $
December 31, 2024 $ —  $ —  $ $ $ $

1 to 2 Years 2 to 3 Years > 3 Years
Amortized Cost Fair
Value
Amortized Cost Fair
Value
Amortized Cost Fair
Value
Maximum & Ending Balance
March 31, 2025 $ $ $ $ $ 2,260 $ 1,947
June 30, 2025 $ $ $ $ $ 1,629 $ 1,422
September 30, 2025 $ $ $ $ $ 42,824 $ 36,432
December 31, 2025 $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 34,620  $ 29,093 
March 31, 2024 $ $ $ $ $ $
June 30, 2024 $ $ $ 1,125 $ 1,139 $ 2,674 $ 2,310
September 30, 2024 $ $ $ 1,142 $ 1,183 $ 2,674 $ 2,467
December 31, 2024 $ —  $ —  $ 1,149  $ 1,170  $ 2,256  $ 1,881 
    
To help manage the mismatch of maturity dates between the security lending transactions and the related reinvestment of the collateral received, the Company invests in highly liquid assets.

The following table presents liability recognized to return cash collateral, and the liability recognized to return securities received as collateral as required pursuant to the terms of the secured borrowing transactions for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

Maximum Balance Ending Balance
Cash Securities Cash Securities
(In Millions)
March 31, 2025 $ 3,358 $ 10 $ 3,426 $ 5
June 30, 2025 $ 6,388 $ 4 $ 3,391 $ 3
September 30, 2025 $ 3,632 $ 7 $ 3,236 $ 7
December 31, 2025 $ 3,489 $ 3,518 $ 3,441 $ 1
52    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Maximum Balance Ending Balance
Cash Securities Cash Securities
(In Millions)
March 31, 2024 $ 96 $ 3,530 $ 16 $ 3,487
June 30, 2024 $ 3,741 $ 14 $ 3,431 $
September 30, 2024 $ 5,658 $ 13 $ 3,622 $
December 31, 2024 $ 5,897 $ 1 $ 3,357 $ 1

The company did not have any reverse repurchase transactions accounted for as secured borrowings as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The Company did not have any repurchase agreements or reverse repurchase agreements transactions accounted for as a sale as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

l.     Net investment income

Net investment income, including IMR amortization, comprised the following:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(In Millions)
Bonds $ 8,787  $ 8,415  $ 7,275 
Preferred stocks 71  24  27 
Common stocks - subsidiaries and affiliates 1,735  919  1,115 
Common stocks - unaffiliated 64  125  111 
Mortgage loans 1,239  1,145  1,102 
Policy loans 1,171  1,062  1,058 
Real estate 80  80  70 
Partnerships and limited liability companies 774  965  957 
Derivatives (48) (455) (84)
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments 298  345  363 
Other 382  264  184 
Subtotal investment income 14,553  12,889  12,178 
Amortization of the IMR (75) (127) (51)
Net gains from separate accounts
Investment expenses (1,125) (1,104) (1,087)
Net investment income $ 13,362  $ 11,661  $ 11,043 

53    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
m.     Net realized capital losses

Net realized capital losses, which include OTTI and are net of deferral to the IMR, comprised the following:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
 (In Millions)
Bonds $ (309) $ (501) $ (720)
Preferred stocks (31) 16  — 
Common stocks - subsidiaries and affiliates —  62  24 
Common stocks - unaffiliated (4) (44) 15 
Mortgage loans (119) (331) (73)
Real estate — 
Partnerships and limited liability companies (487) (71) (314)
Derivatives (513) (345) (344)
Other invested assets (90) 12  (7)
Net realized capital losses before federal and state taxes and deferral to the IMR (1,551) (1,202) (1,416)
Net federal and state tax benefit (expense) 439  (28) 281 
Net realized capital losses before deferral to the IMR (1,112) (1,230) (1,135)
Net after tax capital losses deferred to the IMR 50  429  645 
Net realized capital losses $ (1,062) $ (801) $ (490)
    

OTTI, included in the net realized capital losses, consisted of the following:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
 (In Millions)
Bonds $ (248) $ (260) $ (178)
Common stocks - subsidiaries and affiliates (5) (3) (1)
Common stocks - unaffiliated —  (18) — 
Preferred stocks —  (9) — 
Mortgage loans (85) (216) (13)
Partnerships and limited liability companies (124) (128) (353)
Debt securities that do not qualify as bonds (94) —  — 
Other invested assets —  — 
Total OTTI $ (556) $ (634) $ (545)

The Company recognized OTTI of $114 million and $17 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, on structured and loan-backed securities, which are included in bonds, primarily due to the present value of expected cash flows being less than the amortized cost.

The Company utilized internally-developed models to determine less than 1% of the $248 million of bond OTTI for the year ended December 31, 2025, less than 1% of the $260 million of bond OTTI for the year ended December 31, 2024 and less than 1% of the $178 million of bond OTTI for the year ended December 31, 2023. The remaining OTTI amounts were determined using external inputs such as publicly observable fair values and credit ratings. Refer to Note 2ee. "Net realized capital losses including other-than-temporary impairments and unrealized capital gains (losses)" for more information on assumptions and inputs used in the Company’s OTTI models.
54    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
n.     Restricted assets

Admitted restricted assets by category:

December 31, 2025
Gross (Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted Percentage
Restricted Asset Category Total General Account Total Separate Account Restricted Assets Total Total From Prior Year Increase (Decrease) Total Admitted Restricted Gross Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted to Total Assets Admitted Restricted to Total Admitted Assets
($ In Millions)
Subject to repurchase agreements $ 3,449  $ —  $ 3,449  $ 3,419  $ 30  $ 3,449  0.97  % 0.97  %
Letter stock or securities restricted as to sale - excluding FHLB capital stock 99  —  99  102  (3) 99  0.03  % 0.03  %
FHLB capital stock 57  —  57  99  (42) 57  0.02  % 0.02  %
On deposit with states 10  —  10  10  —  10  —  % —  %
Pledged collateral to FHLB (including assets backing funding agreements) 4,193  —  4,193  3,530  663  4,193  1.17  % 1.18  %
Pledged as collateral not captured in other categories 7,402  —  7,402  5,448  1,954  7,402  2.07  % 2.08  %
Assets held under modco reinsurance agreements 159  27,281  27,440  29,927  (2,487) 27,440  7.68  % 7.70  %
Assets held under funds withheld reinsurance agreements 30,410  —  30,410  30,005  405  30,410  8.52  % 8.54  %
Total restricted assets $ 45,779  $ 27,281  $ 73,060  $ 72,540  $ 520  $ 73,060  20.46  % 20.52  %

December 31, 2024
Gross (Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted Percentage
Restricted Asset Category Total General Account Total Separate Account Restricted Assets Total Total From Prior Year Increase (Decrease) Total Admitted Restricted Gross Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted to Total Assets Admitted Restricted to Total Admitted Assets
($ In Millions)
Subject to repurchase agreements $ 3,419  $ —  $ 3,419  $ 3,230  $ 189  $ 3,419  0.99  % 0.99  %
Letter stock or securities restricted as to sale - excluding FHLB capital stock 102  —  102  208  (106) 102  0.03  % 0.03  %
FHLB capital stock 99  —  99  99  —  99  0.03  % 0.03  %
On deposit with states 10  —  10  10  —  10  —  % —  %
Pledged collateral to FHLB (including assets backing funding agreements) 3,530  —  3,530  2,886  644  3,530  1.02  % 1.02  %
Pledged as collateral not captured in other categories 5,448  —  5,448  4,490  958  5,448  1.57  % 1.58  %
Total restricted assets $ 12,608  $ —  $ 12,608  $ 10,923  $ 1,685  $ 12,608  3.64  % 3.65  %

55    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
6.    Federal income taxes

On August 16th, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) was signed into law and includes certain corporate income tax provisions. Potential impacts to the Company include the imposition of a corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT). The CAMT imposes a 15% minimum tax on adjusted financial statement income on applicable corporations that have an average adjusted financial statement income over $1 billion in the prior three-year period. The United States Treasury Department and the Internal Revenue Service released proposed regulations on September 12, 2024. As of the reporting date, the Company is not an applicable corporation and therefore not liable for CAMT in 2024 and 2025.

On July 4th, 2025, “An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Title II of the H. Con. Res. 14” (the Act) was enacted. The Act provides for several corporate tax changes including, but not limited to, restoring full expensing of domestic research and development costs, restoring immediate deductibility of certain capital expenditures, and changes in the computations of U.S. taxation on international earnings. The Act will have a tax effect on Company’s financial statements of approximately $22 million in the current year.

The Company has investments in projects that have generated $51 million in tax credits and other tax benefits during the year. The nature of the credits include Low Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTC) and renewable energy tax credits. The investments have a $124 million balance as of year end. The amount of investment amortization and non-income tax related activity recognized as a component of net investment income was $24 million, which have been recognized outside of income tax expense.

Schedule of aggregate tax credits expected to be generated each year for the subsequent five years and thereafter:

Tax Year Transferable Credit Non-Transferable Credit
(In Millions)
2026 $ —  $ 47 
2027 —  35 
2028 —  19 
2029 —  13 
2030 —  12 
2031 & Beyond —  28 

There is no future guarantees or commitments to provide additional capital contributions related to tax credit investments.

Unused tax credits:

The Company had the following tax credit summary:

Jurisdiction Impairment amounts recognized Method of utilization Carrying Value of Tax Credits Total Unused Tax Credits (transferrable) Total Unused Tax Credits (non-transferrable) Unadmitted portion of tax credits
(In Millions)
US $ —  $ —  $ 45  $ —  $ 45  $ — 
Foreign —  —  —  —  —  — 

The Company has purchased state premium tax credits totaling $261 million as of December 31, 2025. These credits are recorded at face value in accordance with SSAP 94.
56    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Transferable / Certificated Non-Transferable
State Admitted Non-Admitted Admitted Non-Admitted
(In Millions)
AZ $ —  $ —  $ 10  $ — 
CA 68  —  —  — 
CO —  12  — 
CT —  10  — 
GA —  —  18  — 
HI —  — 
IA —  —  — 
IN —  —  — 
KS —  —  — 
KY —  —  — 
LA —  —  — 
MA 23  —  —  — 
MS —  —  — 
NE —  —  — 
NJ 44  —  — 
NV —  —  — 
NY —  —  14  — 
OH —  —  — 
OK —  —  — 
RI —  —  — 
SC —  —  — 
TX —  —  — 
WI —  —  — 
Total $ 149  $ —  $ 113  $ — 

Utilization of remaining tax credits is estimated by reviewing prior year premium tax liability by state and taxable premium trends to determine an estimated tax liability by state by year.

Commitments to purchase additional tax credits in future years are as follows:

State Transferable / Certificated Non-Certificated
(In Millions)
ME $ —  $
MO — 
NJ 74  — 
TX —  23 
VA — 
Total $ 74  $ 31 

57    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The Company provides for DTAs in accordance with statutory accounting practices. All of the companies included in these Statutory Financial Statements have met the required threshold to utilize the three-year reversal period and 15% of surplus limitation.

The net DTA or deferred tax liabilities (DTL) recognized in the Company’s assets, liabilities and surplus is as follows:

December 31, 2025
Ordinary Capital Total
(In Millions)
Gross DTAs $ 7,181  $ 367  $ 7,548 
Statutory valuation allowance adjustment —  —  — 
Adjusted gross DTAs 7,181  367  7,548 
DTAs nonadmitted —  —  — 
Subtotal net admitted DTA 7,181  367  7,548 
Total gross DTLs (4,798) (477) (5,275)
Net admitted DTA(L) $ 2,383  $ (110) $ 2,273 

December 31, 2024
Ordinary Capital Total
(In Millions)
Gross DTAs $ 3,954  $ 761  $ 4,715 
Statutory valuation allowance adjustment —  —  — 
Adjusted gross DTAs 3,954  761  4,715 
DTAs nonadmitted (238) —  (238)
Subtotal net admitted DTA 3,716  761  4,477 
Total gross DTLs (1,862) (758) (2,620)
Net admitted DTA(L) $ 1,854  $ $ 1,857 

Change
Ordinary Capital Total
(In Millions)
Gross DTAs $ 3,227  $ (394) $ 2,833 
Statutory valuation allowance adjustment —  —  — 
Adjusted gross DTAs 3,227  (394) 2,833 
DTAs nonadmitted 238  —  238 
Subtotal net admitted DTA 3,465  (394) 3,071 
Total gross DTLs (2,936) 281  (2,655)
Net admitted DTA(L) $ 529  $ (113) $ 416 
58    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The amount of adjusted gross DTA admitted under each component of the guidance and the resulting change by tax character are as follows:

December 31, 2025
Ordinary Capital Total
(In Millions)
Admitted DTA 3 years:
Federal income taxes that can be recovered $ —  $ —  $ — 
Remaining adjusted gross DTAs expected to be realized within 3 years:
1.Adjusted gross DTA to be realized
2,543  188  2,731 
2.Adjusted gross DTA allowed per limitation threshold
3,854  188  4,042 
Lesser of line 1 or 2 2,543  188  2,731 
Adjusted gross DTAs offset by existing DTLs 4,638  179  4,817 
Total admitted DTA realized within 3 years $ 7,181  $ 367  $ 7,548 

December 31, 2024
Ordinary Capital Total
(In Millions)
Admitted DTA 3 years:
Federal income taxes that can be recovered $ —  $ 29  $ 29 
Remaining adjusted gross DTAs expected to be realized within 3 years:
1.Adjusted gross DTA to be realized
1,774  54  1,828 
2.Adjusted gross DTA allowed per limitation threshold
3,849  54  3,903 
Lesser of line 1 or 2 1,774  54  1,828 
Adjusted gross DTAs offset by existing DTLs 1,942  678  2,620 
Total admitted DTA realized within 3 years $ 3,716  $ 761  $ 4,477 

Change
Ordinary Capital Total
(In Millions)
Admitted DTA 3 years:
Federal income taxes that can be recovered $ —  $ (29) $ (29)
Remaining adjusted gross DTAs expected to be realized within 3 years:
1.Adjusted gross DTA to be realized
769  134  903 
2.Adjusted gross DTA allowed per limitation threshold
134  139 
Lesser of line 1 or 2 769  134  903 
Adjusted gross DTAs offset by existing DTLs 2,696  (499) 2,197 
Total admitted DTA realized within 3 years $ 3,465  $ (394) $ 3,071 

59    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The Company's total realization threshold limitations are as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024
(% In Millions)
Ratio percentage used to determine recovery period and threshold limitation 902  % 883  %
Amount of adjusted capital and surplus used to determine recovery period and threshold limitation above $ 26,949  $ 26,020 

The ultimate realization of DTAs depends on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the temporary differences are deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of DTLs, including the impact of available carryback and carryforward periods, projected taxable income and tax-planning strategies in making this assessment. The impact of tax-planning is as follows:

December 31, 2025
Ordinary Capital Total
(Percent)
Impact of tax-planning strategies:
Adjusted gross DTAs
(% of total adjusted gross DTAs) —  % —  % —  %
Net admitted adjusted gross DTAs
(% of total net admitted adjusted gross DTAs) 71  % —  % 71  %

December 31, 2024
Ordinary Capital Total
(Percent)
Impact of tax-planning strategies:
Adjusted gross DTAs
(% of total adjusted gross DTAs) —  % —  % —  %
Net admitted adjusted gross DTAs
(% of total net admitted adjusted gross DTAs) 72  % 100  % 72  %

Change
Ordinary Capital Total
(Percent)
Impact of tax-planning strategies:
Adjusted gross DTAs
(% of total adjusted gross DTAs) —  % —  % —  %
Net admitted adjusted gross DTAs
(% of total net admitted adjusted gross DTAs) (1) % (100) % (1) %

There are no reinsurance strategies included in the Company’s tax-planning strategies.
60    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The provision for current tax expense on earnings is as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(In Millions)
Federal income tax expense (benefit) on operating earnings $ (79) $ (293) $ 111 
Foreign income tax expense on operating earnings 23  — 
Total federal and foreign income tax expense (benefit) (56) (293) 116 
on operating earnings
Federal income tax expense (benefit) on net realized capital gains (440) 26  (268)
Total federal and foreign income tax expense (benefit) $ (496) $ (267) $ (152)

61    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the DTAs and DTLs are as follows:

December 31,
2025 2024 Change
(In Millions)
DTAs:
Ordinary
Reserve items $ 2,019  $ 1,939  $ 80 
Policy acquisition costs 1,082  1,008  74 
Nonadmitted assets 208  327  (119)
Policyholders' dividends 293  266  27 
Pension and compensation related items 137  95  42 
Investment items 279  244  35 
Expense items 77  61  16 
Unrealized 2,998  —  2,998 
Other 88  14  74 
Total ordinary DTAs 7,181  3,954  3,227 
Nonadmitted DTAs —  238  (238)
Admitted ordinary DTAs 7,181  3,716  3,465 
Capital
Unrealized investment losses —  409  (409)
Expense items 20  19 
Investment items 340  333 
Other — 
Total capital DTAs 367  761  (394)
Nonadmitted DTAs —  —  — 
Admitted capital DTAs 367  761  (394)
Admitted DTAs 7,548  4,477  3,071 
DTLs:
Ordinary
Reserve items 74  (69)
Unrealized investment gains 4,004  1,019  2,985 
Deferred and uncollected premium 317  315 
Pension items —  65  (65)
Investment items 81  —  81 
Other 391  389 
Total ordinary DTLs 4,798  1,862  2,936 
Capital
Unrealized investment gains 466  756  (290)
Investment items 11 
Total capital DTLs 477  758  (281)
Total DTLs 5,275  2,620  2,655 
Net admitted DTA $ 2,273  $ 1,857  $ 416 

62    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The change in net deferred income taxes comprised the following:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(In Millions)
Net DTA(L) $ 179  $ 353  $ 512 
Less: Items not recorded in the change in
net deferred income taxes:
Tax-effect of unrealized gains/(losses) 55  (112) (38)
Tax-effect of changes from investment transfers (134) (12)
Change in net deferred income taxes $ 100  $ 244  $ 462 

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had no net operating loss carryforwards but had capital loss carryforwards of $7 million included in deferred income taxes. The Company has $45 million in tax credit carryforwards included in deferred taxes in 2025 and had $9 million in tax credit carryforwards in 2024.

The components of federal and foreign income tax are recorded in the Statutory Statements of Operations and the Statutory Statements of Changes in Surplus and are different from those which would be obtained by applying the prevailing federal income tax rate to net gain from operations before federal income taxes. The significant items causing this difference are as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(In Millions)
Provision computed at federal statutory rate of 21% $ (97) $ (157) $ (175)
Investment items (404) (248) (218)
Nonadmitted assets 119  (7) (15)
Tax credits (73) (69) (222)
Expense items (30) (72) (4)
Foreign governmental income taxes 23 
Pension (109)
Other (25) 33  13 
Total statutory income tax benefit $ (596) $ (511) $ (614)
Federal and foreign income tax benefit $ (496) $ (267) $ (152)
Change in net deferred income taxes (100) (244) (462)
Total statutory income tax benefit $ (596) $ (511) $ (614)

The Company received refunds in the amount of $264 million in 2025, $82 million in 2024 and $58 million in 2023.

The total income taxes available in the current and prior years that will be available for recoupment in the event of future net capital losses totaled $0 million related to 2025, $0 million related to 2024 and $0 million related to 2023.









63    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
MassMutual and its eligible U.S. subsidiaries are included in a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. MassMutual and its eligible U.S. subsidiaries also file income tax returns in various states and foreign jurisdictions. MassMutual and its eligible U.S. subsidiaries and certain affiliates (the Parties) have executed and are subject to a written tax allocation agreement (the Tax Agreement). The Tax Agreement sets forth the manner in which the total combined federal income tax is allocated among the Parties. The Tax Agreement provides MassMutual with the enforceable right to recoup federal income taxes paid in prior years in the event of future net capital losses, which it may incur. Further, the Tax Agreement provides MassMutual with the enforceable right to utilize its net losses carried forward as an offset to future net income subject to federal income taxes. In accordance with the Tax Agreement, future CAMT is outside of the scope of the general tax allocation method and, consequently any future CAMT liability shall be allocated solely to MassMutual.

Companies are generally required to disclose unrecognized tax benefits, which are the tax effect of positions taken on their tax returns that may be challenged by various taxing authorities, in order to provide users of financial statements more information regarding potential liabilities. The Company recognizes tax benefits and related reserves in accordance with existing statutory accounting practices for liabilities, contingencies and impairments of assets.

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for unrecognized tax benefits (in millions):

Balance, January 1, 2025
$ 231 
Gross change related to positions taken in prior years — 
Gross change related to settlements — 
Gross change related to positions taken in current year 68 
Gross change related to lapse of statutes of limitations — 
Balance, December 31, 2025
$ 299 

Included in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2025, are $280 million of tax positions for which the ultimate deductibility is highly certain but for which there is uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility. The liability for the unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2025 includes $12 million of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact the Company’s effective tax rate.

The Company recognized an increase of $0 million in accrued interest related to the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as a component of the provision for income taxes. The amount of net interest recognized was $38 million as of December 31, 2025 and $38 million as of December 31, 2024. The Company has no accrued penalties related to the liability for unrecognized tax benefits. In the next year, the Company does not anticipate the total amount of uncertain tax positions to significantly increase or decrease.

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has completed its examination of MassMutual and its subsidiaries for the years 2016 and prior. The 2017-2018 tax years are in Appeals. The adjustments resulting from these examinations are not expected to materially affect the position or liquidity of the Company.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not recognize any protective deposits as admitted assets.

7.    Other than invested assets

a.    Admitted negative (disallowed) IMR

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had $1,404 million of disallowed IMR in aggregate and in the general account.

64    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The following represents the calculated adjusted general capital and surplus:

December 31, 2025
(In Millions)
Prior period general account capital & surplus $ 28,583 
From prior period financials: 2,014 
Net positive goodwill (admitted)
Equipment and operating system software (admitted)
Net deferred tax asset (admitted) 483 
Net negative (disallowed) IMR (admitted) 1,450 
Adjusted capital and surplus $ 24,626 

As of December 31, 2025, the percentage of adjusted general capital and surplus for which the admitted disallowed IMR represents was 6%.

The following represents allocated gains (losses) to IMR from derivatives:

December 31, 2025
Gains Losses
(In Millions)
Unamortized fair value derivative gains & losses realized to IMR - prior period $ 2,839  $ (4,044)
Fair value derivative gains & losses realized to IMR - added in current period 60  (71)
Fair value derivative gains & losses amortized over current period 133  (152)
Unamortized fair value derivative gains & losses realized to IMR - current period total $ 2,766  $ (3,963)

When the Company sells bonds and recognizes losses due to interest-rate related factors, and the realized losses are transferred to the IMR, the sales proceeds are generally used for reinvestment as governed by prudent asset liability management (ALM) policies and procedures. Such sales of bonds are intermittently used to meet liquidity needs and managed within the ALM framework.

IMR losses for fixed income related derivatives were in accordance with documented risk management procedures, as well as the Company’s derivative use plans, and reflect the same historical treatment of derivative gains reversed to IMR and amortized rather than immediately recognized as realized gain upon termination.

As of December 31, 2025, the IMR asset admitted under the currently adopted statutory accounting interpretation includes approximately $109 million, net of tax, related to various FWH reinsurance treaties. Included in the FWH assets are reimbursements of capital losses on the invested assets to back the ceded reinsurance liabilities and are recorded as an adjustment to the income statement. Both the IMR and FWH assets are admitted under statutory accounting guidance.

b.        Corporate-owned life insurance

MassMutual holds corporate-owned life insurance issued by unaffiliated third-party insurers to cover the lives of certain qualified senior employees. The primary purpose of the program is to offset future employee benefit expenses. MassMutual pays all premiums and is the owner and beneficiary of these policies. MassMutual had recorded cash surrender values of these policies of $3,256 million and $3,023 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

65    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The cash surrender value is allocated by the following investment categories:

December 31,
2025 2024
Other invested assets 53  % 50  %
Bonds 20  27 
Stocks 19  18 
Cash and short-term investments
100  % 100  %

c.    Deferred and uncollected life insurance premium

Deferred and uncollected life insurance premium, net of loading and reinsurance, are included in other than invested assets in the Company’s Statutory Statements of Financial Position.

The following summarizes the deferred and uncollected life insurance premium on a gross basis, as well as, net of loading and reinsurance:

December 31,
2025 2024
Gross Net Gross Net
(In Millions)
Ordinary new business $ 125  $ 68  $ 146  $ 78 
Ordinary renewal 1,346  1,277  1,317  1,256 
Group life 10  10  10  10 
Total $ 1,481  $ 1,355  $ 1,473  $ 1,344 

Deferred premium is the portion of the annual premium not earned at the reporting date. Loading on deferred premium is an amount obtained by subtracting the valuation net deferred premium from the gross deferred premium and generally includes allowances for acquisition costs and other expenses.

Uncollected premium is gross premium net of reinsurance that is due and unpaid as of the reporting date, net of loading. Net premium is the amount used in the calculation of reserves. The change in deferred and uncollected life insurance premium is included in premium income. The change in loading is included as an expense and is not shown as a reduction to premium income.

Ordinary new business and ordinary renewal business consist of the basic amount of premium required on the underlying life insurance policies.

In certain instances, gross premium is less than net premium according to the standard valuation set by the Division and the Department. The gross premium is less than the net premium needed to establish the reserves because the statutory reserves must use standard conservative valuation mortality tables, while the gross premium calculated in pricing uses mortality tables that reflect both the Company’s experience and the transfer of mortality risk to reinsurers. The Company had life insurance in force of $60,384 million and $63,447 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

66    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
8.     Policyholders’ liabilities

a.     Policyholders’ reserves

The Company had life insurance in force of $1,036 billion and $999 billion as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The following summarizes policyholders’ reserves, net of reinsurance, and the range of interest rates by type of product:
December 31,
2025 2024
Amount Interest Rates Amount Interest Rates
($ In Millions)
Individual life $ 90,666  2.5  % - 6.0  % $ 85,406  2.5  % - 6.0  %
Group annuities 23,146  1.0  % - 11.8  % 20,721  1.0  % - 11.8  %
Individual universal and variable life 25,103  3.5  % - 6.0  % 24,871  3.5  % - 6.0  %
Individual annuities 39,823  1.0  % - 11.8  % 38,878  1.0  % - 11.8  %
Group life 5,082  3.0  % - 4.0  % 4,656  3.0  % - 4.0  %
Disabled life claim reserves 1,908  3.0  % - 6.0  % 1,836  3.0  % - 6.0  %
Disability active life reserves 1,309  3.0  % - 6.0  % 1,364  3.0  % - 6.0  %
Other 544  2.5  % - 6.0  % 526  2.5  % - 6.0  %
Total $ 187,581  $ 178,258 

Individual life includes whole life and term insurance. Group life includes corporate-owned life insurance, group universal life and group variable universal life products. Individual annuities include individual annuity contracts, supplementary contracts involving life contingencies and structured settlements. Group annuities include deferred annuities and single premium annuity contracts. Disabled life claim reserves include disability income and LTC contracts and cover the future payments of known claims. Disability active life reserves include disability income and LTC contracts issued. Other is comprised of disability life and accidental death insurance.

b.     Liabilities for deposit-type contracts

The following summarizes liabilities for deposit-type contracts and the range of interest rates by type of product:

December 31,
2025 2024
Amount Interest Rates Amount Interest Rates
($ In Millions)
GICs:
Note programs $ 17,520  1.2  % - 8.3  % $ 13,986  1.2  % - 9.0  %
Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston 1,279  1.5  % - 3.4  % 2,111  0.8  % - 3.4  %
Municipal contracts 2,121  0.0  % - 9.0  % 1,858  0.0  % - 9.0  %
Supplementary contracts 2,658  1.5  % - 5.3  % 2,825  1.0  % - 5.3  %
Dividend accumulations 415  3.8  % - 3.8  % 427  3.5  % - 3.8  %
Other deposits 19  5.0  % - 6.5  % 21  5.0  % - 6.5  %
Total $ 24,012  $ 21,228 

67    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Note program

Funding agreements are investment contracts sold to domestic and international institutional investors. Funding agreement liabilities are equal to the account value and are established by contract deposits, increased by interest credited and decreased by contract coupon payments and maturities. Contract holders do not have the right to terminate the contract prior to the contractually stated maturity date. The Company may retire funding agreements prior to the contractually-stated maturity date by repurchasing the agreement in the market or, in some cases, by calling the agreement. If this occurs, the difference in value is an adjustment to interest credited to liabilities for deposit-type contracts in the Statutory Statements of Operations. Credited interest rates vary by contract and can be fixed or floating. Agreements do not have put provisions or ratings-based triggers. The liability of non-U.S. dollar denominated funding agreements may increase or decrease due to changes in foreign exchange rates. Currency swaps are employed to eliminate foreign exchange risk from all funding agreements issued to back non-U.S. dollar denominated notes.

Under the note program, MassMutual creates special purpose entities (SPEs), which are investment vehicles or trusts, for the purpose of issuing medium-term notes to investors. Proceeds from the sale of the medium-term notes issued by these SPEs are used to purchase funding agreements from MassMutual. The payment terms of any particular series of notes are matched by the payment terms of the funding agreement securing the series. Notes are currently issued from MassMutual’s $22.0 billion Global Medium-Term Note Program, which increased from $16.0 billion in 2025.

Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston

MassMutual has funding agreements with Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) of Boston in an investment spread strategy, consistent with its other funding agreements. These funding agreements are collateralized by securities with estimated fair values of $1,204 million as of December 31, 2025. MassMutual’s borrowing capacity with FHLB of Boston is subject to the lower of the limitation on the pledge of collateral for a loan set forth by law or by MassMutual’s internal limit. MassMutual’s unused capacity was $2,001 million as of December 31, 2025. As a member of FHLB of Boston, MassMutual held common stock of FHLB of Boston with a statement value of $57 million and $92 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Collateral pledged to FHLB:

December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Fair
Value
Carrying Value Aggregate Total Borrowing Fair
Value
Carrying Value Aggregate Total Borrowing
(In Millions)
Total collateral pledged $ 4,501  $ 3,280  $ 1,279  $ 5,071  $ 3,414  $ 2,111 
Maximum amount pledged $ 4,952  $ 3,357  $ 2,114  $ 5,473  $ 3,925  $ 2,111 

Municipal contracts

Municipal guaranteed investment contracts (municipal contracts) include contracts that contain terms with above market crediting rates. Liabilities for these contracts includes the municipal contracts’ account values, which are established by contract deposits, increased by interest credited (fixed or floating) and decreased by contract coupon payments, additional withdrawals, maturities and amortization of premium. Certain municipal contracts allow additional deposits, subject to restrictions, which are credited based on the rates in the contracts. Contracts have scheduled payment dates and amounts and interest is paid periodically. In addition, certain contracts allow additional withdrawals above and beyond the scheduled payments. These additional withdrawals have certain restrictions on the number per year, minimum dollar amount and are limited to the maximum contract balance. The majority of the municipal contracts allow early contract termination under certain conditions.
68    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Certain municipal contracts contain make-whole provisions, which document the formula for full contract payout. Certain municipal contracts have ratings-based triggers that allow the trustee to declare the entire balance due and payable. Municipal contracts may also have terms that require the Company to post collateral to a third party based on the contract balance in the event of a downgrade in ratings below certain levels under certain circumstances. When the collateral is other than cash, the collateral value is required to be greater than the account balance. The collateral was $16 million and $153 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company employs a rigorous asset/liability management process to help mitigate the economic impacts of various liability risks. By performing asset liability management and performing other risk management activities, the Company believes that these contract provisions do not create an undue level of operating risk to the Company.

Other deposits

Other deposits primarily consist of investment contracts assumed as part of the indemnity reinsurance agreement discussed in Note 9. "Reinsurance". These contracts are used to fund retirement plans. Contract payments are not contingent upon the life of the retirement plan participant.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s GICs by expected maturity year were as follows (in millions):

2026 $ 3,370 
2027 3,933 
2028 2,611 
2029 1,989 
2030 3,121 
Thereafter 5,897 
Total $ 20,921 

Most GICs only mature on their contractual maturity date. Actual maturities for municipal contracts may differ from their contractual maturity dates, as these contracts permit early contract termination under certain conditions.

c.     Unpaid claims and claim expense reserves

The Company establishes unpaid claims and claim expense reserves to provide for the estimated costs of claims for individual disability and LTC policies. These reserves include estimates for both claims that have been reported and those that have been incurred but not reported, and include estimates of all future expenses associated with the processing and settling of these claims. This estimation process is primarily based on the assumption that experience is an appropriate indicator of future events and involves a variety of actuarial techniques that analyze experience, trends and other relevant factors. The amounts recorded for unpaid claims and claim expense reserves represent the Company’s best estimate based upon facts and actuarial guidelines. Accordingly, actual claim payouts may vary from these estimates.

69    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The following summarizes the changes in disabled life and LTC unpaid claims and claim expense reserves:

December 31,
2025 2024
 (In Millions)
Claim reserves, beginning of year $ 2,608  $ 2,542 
Less: Reinsurance recoverables 742  651 
Net claim reserves, beginning of year 1,866  1,891 
Claims paid related to:
Current year (16) (14)
Prior years (317) (343)
Total claims paid (333) (357)
Incurred related to:
Current year's incurred 291  326 
Current year's interest
Prior year's incurred 15  (69)
Prior year's interest 64  67 
Total incurred 377  332 
Adjustments through surplus 24  — 
Net claim reserves, end of year 1,934  1,866 
Reinsurance recoverables 828  742 
Claim reserves, end of year $ 2,762  $ 2,608 

The changes in reserves for incurred claims related to prior years are generally the result of recent loss development trends. The $15 million increase in the prior years’ incurred claims for 2025 and the $69 million decrease in the prior years’ incurred claims for 2024 were generally the result of differences between actual termination experience and statutorily prescribed termination tables. In 2025, claim experience included normal claim volume with higher terminations, resulting in a reduction to the incurred reserve from favorable experience, while 2024 claims incurred was due to maturing LTC business partially offset by a corresponding increase in reinsurance recoverable.

The following reconciles disabled life claim reserves to the net claim reserves at the end of the years presented in the previous table. Disabled life claim reserves are recorded in policyholders’ reserves. Accrued claim liabilities are recorded in other liabilities.

December 31,
2025 2024
(In Millions)
 Disabled life claim reserves $ 1,908  $ 1,836 
 Accrued claim liabilities 26  30 
 Net claim reserves, end of year $ 1,934  $ 1,866 

d.     Additional liability for annuity contracts

Certain variable annuity contracts include additional death or other insurance benefit features, such as GMDB, GMIB, GMAB and GLWB. In general, living benefit guarantees require the contract holder or policyholder to adhere to a company approved asset allocation strategy. Election of these benefit guarantees is generally only available at contract issue.

70    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The following shows the changes in the liabilities for GMDB, GMIB, GMAB and GLWB (in millions):

Liability as of January 1, 2024
$ 49
Incurred guarantee benefits 20
Paid guarantee benefits (8)
Liability as of December 31, 2024
61
Incurred guarantee benefits (21)
Paid guarantee benefits (10)
Liability as of December 31, 2025
$ 30

The following summarizes the account values, net amount at risk and weighted average attained age for variable annuity contracts with GMDB, GMIB, GMAB and GLWB classified as policyholders’ reserves and separate account liabilities. The net amount at risk is defined as the minimum guarantee less the account value calculated on a policy-by-policy basis, but not less than zero.

December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Account Value Net Amount at Risk Weighted Average Attained Age Account Value Net Amount at Risk Weighted Average Attained Age
($ In Millions)
GMDB $ 7,950 $ 80 68 $ 8,161 $ 80 68
GMIB Basic 372 1 74 412 3 73
GMIB Plus 1,176 389 70 1,200 429 69
GMAB 922 1 65 1,089 4 64
GLWB 67 9 77 82 13 76

As of December 31, 2025, the GMDB account value above consists of $936 million within the general account and $7,014 million within separate accounts that includes $3,982 million of Modco assumed. As of December 31, 2024, the GMDB account value above consists of $819 million within the general account and $7,342 million within separate accounts that includes $3,807 million of Modco assumed.

Account values of variable annuity contracts with GMDB, GMIB, GMAB and GLWB are summarized below:

December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Separate Account General Account Total Separate Account General Account Total
(In Millions)
GMDB $ 7,014  $ 936  $ 7,950  $ 7,342  $ 819  $ 8,161 
GMIB Basic 310  62  372  403  412 
GMIB Plus 1,158  17  1,175  1,200  —  1,200 
GMAB 873  49  922  1,061  28  1,089 
GLWB 67  —  67  82  —  82 

71    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
e.    Additional liability for individual life contracts

Certain universal life and variable universal life contracts include features such as GMDB or other guarantees that ensure continued death benefit coverage when the policy would otherwise lapse. The value of the guarantee is only available to the beneficiary in the form of a death benefit.

The following presents the changes in the liability, net of reinsurance, for guarantees on universal life and variable universal life type contracts:

December 31,
2025 2024
(In Millions)
Beginning balance $ 5,798  $ 5,486 
Net liability increase (decrease) 267  312 
Ending balance $ 6,065  $ 5,798 

9.     Reinsurance

The Company enters into reinsurance agreements with affiliated and unaffiliated insurers in the normal course of business in order to mitigate the impact of underwriting mortality and morbidity risks or to assume business. Such transfers do not relieve the Company of its primary liability to its customers and, as such, failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in credit losses that could arise if a reinsurer defaults. The Company reduces reinsurance default risk by evaluating the financial condition of reinsurers and monitoring for possible concentrations within the Company’s reinsurers and using trust structures, when appropriate. The Company reinsures a portion of its mortality risk in its life business under either a first dollar quota-share arrangement or an in excess of the retention limit arrangement with reinsurers. The Company also reinsures a portion of its morbidity risk in its DI and LTC business. The amounts reinsured are on a yearly renewable term (YRT), coinsurance funds withheld, coinsurance or Modco basis. The Company’s highest retention limit for new issues of life policies ranges from $15 million to $35 million.

Refer to Note 17. "Related party transactions" for information about the Company’s affiliated assumed reinsurance transactions.

There are no reinsurance agreements in effect under which the reinsurer may unilaterally cancel any reinsurance for reasons other than for nonpayment of premium or other similar credits. The Company has no reinsurance agreements in effect such that the amount of losses paid or accrued through the statement date may result in a payment to the reinsurer of amounts which, in aggregate and allowing for offset of mutual credits from other reinsurance agreements with the same reinsurer, exceed the total direct premium collected under the reinsured policies.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Reinsurance amounts included in the Statutory Statements of Operations were as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(In Millions)
Direct premium $ 31,063  $ 34,221  $ 34,223 
Premium assumed 1,526  1,049  977 
Premium ceded (10,968) (14,072) (9,711)
Total net premium $ 21,621  $ 21,198  $ 25,490 
Ceded reinsurance recoveries $ 2,352  $ 1,925  $ 1,842 
Assumed losses $ 643  $ 524  $ 425 

Reinsurance amounts included in the Statutory Statements of Financial Position were as follows:

December 31,
2025 2024
(In Millions)
Reinsurance reserves
Assumed $ 5,624  $ 5,832 
Ceded (57,283) (54,419)
Ceded amounts recoverable $ 309  $ 322 
Benefits payable on assumed business $ 101  $ 62 
Funds held under coinsurance
Ceded $ 29,958  $ 29,625 

Reinsurance reserves ceded to unaffiliated reinsurers as of December 31, 2025, include $9,317 million associated with life insurance policies, $6,669 million for LTC, $19,028 million for annuity, $12 million for disability and $5 million for group life and health. Reinsurance reserves ceded to unaffiliated reinsurers as of December 31, 2024 include $9,206 million associated with life insurance policies, $6,916 million for LTC, $19,985 million for annuity, $13 million for disability and $5 million for group life and health.

LTC policyholders' deficiency reserves were as follows:

December 31, 2025
Direct Ceded Net
 (In Millions)
LTC premium deficiency reserves, beginning of year $ 3,365  $ (3,145) $ 220 
Assumption changes (480) 400  (80)
LTC premium deficiency reserves, end of year $ 2,885  $ (2,745) $ 140 

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company decreased its gross LTC policyholders’ premium deficiency reserve by $480 million primarily related to inforce rollforwards and yield updates. The majority of the risk is ceded to unaffiliated reinsurers resulting in the ceded policyholders’ premium deficiency reserves decreasing by $400 million. The total net impact of the change is $(80) million, which was recorded as a decrease to policyholders’ liabilities on the Statutory Statements of Financial Position and an increase to change in policyholders’ reserves on the Statutory Statements of Operations.

December 31, 2024
Direct Ceded Net
 (In Millions)
LTC premium deficiency reserves, beginning of year $ 3,800  $ (3,615) $ 185 
Assumption changes (435) 470  35 
LTC premium deficiency reserves, end of year $ 3,365  $ (3,145) $ 220 

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company decreased its gross LTC policyholders’ premium deficiency reserve by $435 million primarily through a combination of various assumption changes to reflect the risk inherent in the cash flows of this business. The majority of the risk is ceded to unaffiliated reinsurers resulting in the ceded policyholders’ premium deficiency reserves decreasing by $470 million. The total net impact of the change is $35 million, which was recorded as an increase to policyholders’ liabilities on the Statutory Statements of Financial Position and an increase to change in policyholders’ reserves on the Statutory Statements of Operations.

As of December 31, 2025, one reinsurer accounted for 28% of the outstanding balance of the reinsurance recoverable and the next largest reinsurer had 20%. The Company continues to monitor its morbidity risk ceded to one reinsurer for its LTC business, in which 81% of the reserves are held in trust.

On July 5, 2023, the Company recaptured approximately $16 million of statutory reserves reinsured on a yearly renewable term (YRT) basis for certain closed blocks of LTC business and reinsured on a coinsurance basis a portion of this product resulting in ceding $692 million statutory reserves to a different reinsurer. The recapture settlement of $17 million relieved the reinsurer of all obligations under the YRT agreement and resulted in an offset to premiums and disability benefits. As part of the coinsurance transaction, the Company transferred $657 million of premium to the reinsurer.

On October 25, 2024, the Company executed a certain coinsurance treaty amendment to increase quota share reinsurance of certain closed long-term care business by 25%. The Company transferred $357 million of premium to the reinsurer in exchange for ceding $325 million in statutory reserves.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The Company holds invested assets associated with FWH that are managed externally, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, these assets, at carry value, included:

December 31,
2025 2024
 (In Millions)
Bonds $ 21,557  $ 21,471 
Preferred stocks 252  51 
Common stocks - unaffiliated 88  — 
Mortgage loans 1,944  1,556 
Partnerships and LLCs 410  190 
Other invested assets 246  — 
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments 745  776 
Total $ 25,242  $ 24,044 

On October 1, 2025, the Company converted the FWH reinsurance agreement covering the Pension Risk Transfer business with an affiliate of the Company to a coinsurance agreement. This transaction resulted in the transfer of $1.3 billion of assets from the Statutory Statements of Financial Position. Simultaneously, the FWH note payable supporting such assets was extinguished. Upon conversion, the affiliate continues to cover the reinsured liabilities ceded prior to October 1, 2025.

10.     Withdrawal characteristics

a.     Annuity actuarial reserves and liabilities for deposit-type contracts

The withdrawal characteristics of the Company’s annuity actuarial reserves and deposit-type contracts as of December 31, 2025 are illustrated below:

Individual annuities
General Account Separate Account with Guarantees Separate Account Non-Guaranteed Total % of Total
($ In Millions)
Subject to discretionary withdrawal:
With market value adjustment $ 3,882  $ —  $ —  $ 3,882  %
At book value less current surrender charge of 5% or more 41,815  —  —  41,815  60 
At fair value —  —  7,645  7,645  11 
Total with market value adjustment or at fair value 45,697  —  7,645  53,342  77 
At book value without adjustment (minimal or no charge or adjustment) 5,468  —  —  5,468 
Not subject to discretionary withdrawal 10,203  —  —  10,203  15 
Total 61,368  —  7,645  69,013  100  %
Reinsurance ceded 21,575  —  —  21,575 
Total, net of reinsurance $ 39,793  $ —  $ 7,645  $ 47,438 
Amount included in book value moving to at book value without adjustment after statement date $ 1,709  $ —  $ —  $ 1,709 
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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Group annuities
General Account Separate Account with Guarantees Separate Account Non-Guaranteed Total % of Total
($ In Millions)
Subject to discretionary withdrawal:
With market value adjustment $ 10,765  $ —  $ —  $ 10,765  16  %
At fair value —  7,903  17,244  25,147  38 
Total with market value adjustment or at fair value 10,765  7,903  17,244  35,912  54 
At book value without adjustment (minimal or no charge or adjustment) 211  286  —  497 
Not subject to discretionary withdrawal 29,663  —  —  29,663  45 
Total 40,639  8,189  17,244  66,072  100  %
Reinsurance ceded 17,516  —  —  17,516 
Total, net of reinsurance $ 23,123  $ 8,189  $ 17,244  $ 48,556 

Deposit-type contracts
General Account Separate Account with Guarantees Separate Account Non-Guaranteed Total % of Total
($ In Millions)
Subject to discretionary withdrawal:
With market value adjustment $ 1,651  $ —  $ —  $ 1,651  %
At fair value —  —  8,819  8,819  25 
Total with market value adjustment or at fair value 1,651  —  8,819  10,470  30 
At book value without adjustment (minimal or no charge or adjustment) 3,069  —  —  3,069 
Not subject to discretionary withdrawal 21,481  —  —  21,481  61 
Total 26,201  —  8,819  35,020  100  %
Reinsurance ceded 2,189  —  —  2,189 
Total, net of reinsurance $ 24,012  $ —  $ 8,819  $ 32,831 

The following is a summary of total annuity actuarial reserves and liabilities for deposit-type contracts as of December 31, 2025 (in millions):

Statutory Statements of Financial Position:
Policyholders’ reserves – group annuities $ 23,123 
Policyholders’ reserves – individual annuities 39,793 
Liabilities for deposit-type contracts 24,012 
Subtotal 86,928 
Separate Account Annual Statement:
Annuities 33,078 
Other annuity contract deposit-funds and GICs 8,819 
Subtotal 41,897 
Total $ 128,825 




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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
b.     Analysis of life actuarial reserves by withdrawal characteristics

The withdrawal characteristics of the Company's life actuarial reserves as of December 31, 2025 are illustrated below:

General account
Account Value Cash Value Reserve
(In Millions)
Subject to discretionary withdrawal, surrender values, or policy loans:
Universal life $ 21,402  $ 21,401  $ 21,456 
Universal life with secondary guarantees 1,519  1,381  7,499 
Other permanent cash value life insurance —  90,297  95,667 
Variable life — 
Variable universal life 1,322  1,319  1,377 
Not subject to discretionary withdrawal or no cash values:    
Term policies without cash value —  —  3,060 
Accidental death benefits —  — 
Disability - active lives —  —  205 
Disability - disabled lives —  —  322 
Miscellaneous reserves —  —  1,121 
Total (gross: direct + assumed) 24,244  114,399  130,710 
Reinsurance ceded 4,239  5,223  9,317 
Total (net) $ 20,005  $ 109,176  $ 121,393 

Separate account with guarantees
Account Value Cash Value Reserve
(In Millions)
Subject to discretionary withdrawal, surrender values, or policy loans:
Variable universal life $ 1,567  $ 1,567  $ 1,567 
Total (gross: direct + assumed) 1,567  1,567  1,567 
Total (net) $ 1,567  $ 1,567  $ 1,567 

Separate account nonguaranteed
Account Value Cash Value Reserve
(In Millions)
Subject to discretionary withdrawal, surrender values, or policy loans:
Variable life $ $ $
Variable universal life 2,213  2,194  2,195 
Total (gross: direct + assumed) 2,214  2,195  2,198 
Total (net) $ 2,214  $ 2,195  $ 2,198 

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
c.     Separate accounts

The Company has guaranteed separate accounts classified as the following: nonindexed, which have multiple concurrent guarantees, including a guarantee that applies for as long as the contract is in effect and does not exceed a 4% rate of return. The Company has nonguaranteed separate accounts which are variable accounts where the benefit is determined by the performance and/or market value of the investments held in the separate account with incidental risk, notional expense and minimum death benefit guarantees.

Information regarding the separate accounts of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025 is as follows:

Guaranteed
Indexed Nonindexed Less than/ Equal to 4% Non Guaranteed Total
(In Millions)
Net premium, considerations or deposits for the year ended December 31, 2025
$ —  $ —  $ 4,382  $ 4,382 
Reserves at December 31, 2025:
For accounts with assets at:
Fair value $ —  $ 8,475  $ 35,926  $ 44,401 
Amortized cost/book value —  1,567  —  1,567 
Total Separate Account Liabilities $ —  $ 10,042  $ 35,926  $ 45,968 
Reserves by withdrawal characteristics:
Subject to discretionary withdrawal:
At fair value $ —  $ 8,475  $ 35,926  $ 44,401 
At book value without market value adjustment and current surrender charge of less than 5% —  1,567  —  1,567 
Total Separate Account Liabilities $ —  $ 10,042  $ 35,926  $ 45,968 

As of December 31, 2025, the Company has $6,404 million of AVR related to book value separate accounts.

The following is a reconciliation of amounts reported as transfers (from) to separate accounts in the Summary of Operations of the Company’s NAIC Separate Account Annual Statement to the amounts reported as net transfers (from) to separate accounts in change in policyholders’ reserves in the accompanying Statutory Statements of Operations:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(In Millions)
From the Separate Account Annual Statement:
Transfers to separate accounts $ 2,142  $ 1,862  $ 1,935 
Transfers from separate accounts (10,383) (10,151) (9,387)
Subtotal (8,241) (8,289) (7,452)
Reconciling adjustments:
Miscellaneous 4,635  4,816  4,278 
Net deposits on deposit-type liabilities 1,386  1,531  1,573 
Net transfers from separate accounts $ (2,220) $ (1,942) $ (1,601)

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Net deposits on deposit-type liabilities are not considered premium and therefore are excluded from the Statutory Statements of Operations.

11.     Debt

The Company issues CP in the form of Notes in minimum denominations of $250 thousand up to a total aggregation of $1,000 million with maturity dates up to a maximum of 270 days from the date of issuance. Noninterest bearing Notes are sold at par less a discount representing an interest factor. Interest bearing Notes are sold at par. The Notes are not redeemable or subject to voluntary prepayments by MassMutual. The Notes have a carrying value and face amount of $499 million as of December 31, 2025 and $250 million as of December 31, 2024. Notes issued in 2025 had interest rates ranging from 3.80% to 4.45% with maturity dates ranging from 6 to 62 days. Interest expense for CP for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, was $16 million and $20 million, respectively.

The Company has a $1,500 million five-year credit facility, $1,000 million of undrawn commitment, with a syndicate of lenders that can be used for general corporate purposes and to support CP borrowings. During December 2022, the facility was renewed and the scheduled maturity is December 16, 2027. The facility includes two one-year extension options that may be exercised with proper notification as set forth in the agreement. The facility has an upsize option for an additional $500 million. The terms of the credit facility additionally provide for, among other provisions, covenants pertaining to liens, fundamental changes, transactions with affiliates and adjusted statutory surplus. As of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, MassMutual was in compliance with all covenants under the credit facility. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no draws on the credit facilities. Credit facility fees were less than $1 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

12.     Employee benefit plans

The Company sponsors multiple employee benefit plans, providing retirement, life, health and other benefits to employees, certain employees of unconsolidated subsidiaries, agents, general agents and retirees who meet plan eligibility requirements.

a.    Pension plans

The Company sponsors funded and unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plans for its eligible employees, agents and retirees. Effective December 31, 2024, the plans were amended to cease future benefit accruals on or after January 1, 2025.

The funded qualified defined benefit plan generally provides benefits under a cash balance formula based on age, service and salary during the participants’ careers. Certain eligible participants may be entitled to benefits under a legacy defined benefit formula. The Company’s policy is to fund the qualified pension plan in accordance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974. It is the policy of the Company to satisfy the ERISA Minimum Required Contribution by funding the Plan or by reducing the Plan’s funding standard carryover balance or the Plan’s prefunding balance.

b.     Defined contribution plans

The Company sponsors funded qualified defined contribution plans and unfunded nonqualified deferred compensation thrift savings plans for its employees, agents and retirees. Defined contribution plan expense for 2025 and 2024 was $147 million and $58 million, respectively.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
c.    Other postretirement benefits

The Company provides certain life insurance and health care benefits (other postretirement benefits) for its retired employees and agents, their beneficiaries and covered dependents. MMHLLC has the obligation to pay the Company’s other postretirement benefits. The transfer of this obligation to MMHLLC does not relieve the Company of its primary liability. MMHLLC is allocated other postretirement expenses related to interest cost, amortization of actuarial gains (losses) and expected return on plan assets, whereas service cost and amortization of prior service cost are recorded by the Company.

Substantially all of the Company’s U.S. employees and agents may become eligible to receive other postretirement benefits. These benefits are funded as the benefits are provided to the participants. For eligible employees who retire after 2009, except certain employees who were close to retirement in 2010, the Company’s cost is limited to a retiree health reimbursement account (RHRA), which accumulates a notional balance during an employee’s career and can be drawn down by the retiree to purchase coverage outside of the Company or for other health care costs. Retired employees with a RHRA also have access to postretirement health care plans through a private retiree exchange.

For other eligible current and future retired employees, and current and future retired agents, the Company provides access to postretirement health care plans through a private retiree exchange. The Company’s cost is limited to the fixed annual subsidy provided to retirees through a Health Reimbursement Account each year that the retiree can use to purchase coverage on the exchange or for other health care costs.

Company-paid basic life insurance is provided to retirees who retired before 2010 and certain employees who retire after 2009 but were close to retirement in 2010. Supplemental life insurance is available to certain retirees on a retiree-pay-all basis.

The Company provides retiree life insurance coverage for home office employees who, as of January 1, 2010, were age 50 with at least 10 years of service or had attained 75 points, generally age plus service, with a minimum 10 years of service.

d.     Benefit obligations

Accumulated and projected benefit obligations are the present value of pension benefits earned as of a December 31 measurement date (the Measurement Date) based on service and compensation as of that date.

Refer to Note 12f. “Amounts recognized in the Statutory Statements of Financial Position” for details on the funded status of the plans. Accumulated and projected postretirement benefit obligations for other postretirement benefits are the present value of postretirement medical and life insurance benefits earned as of the Measurement Date projected for estimated salary increases to an assumed date with respect to retirement, disability or death.

Actuarial (gains) losses represent the difference between the expected results and the actual results used to determine the projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit obligation and current year expense. Select assumptions used in this calculation include expected future compensation levels, mortality and expected retirement age.

The following presents the total pension and other postretirement accumulated benefit obligation:

December 31,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Pension Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits
(In Millions)
Accumulated benefit obligation $ 2,713  $ 2,570  $ 281  $ 307 

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The following sets forth the change in projected benefit obligation of the defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans:

December 31,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Pension Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits
(In Millions)
Projected benefit obligation, beginning of year $ 2,570  $ 2,634  $ 307  $ 313 
Service cost 99 
Interest cost 136  123  16  15 
Actuarial (gains) losses 47  (5) (8) (1)
Benefits paid (185) (150) (14) (15)
Change in discount rate 54  (138) (12)
Change in actuarial assumptions 83  (30) — 
Projected benefit obligation, end of year $ 2,713  $ 2,570  $ 281  $ 307 

The determination of the discount rate is based upon rates commensurate with current yields on high quality corporate bonds as of the Measurement Date. A spot yield curve is developed from this data that is used to determine the present value for the obligation. The projected plan cash flows are discounted to the Measurement Date based on the spot yield curve. A single discount rate is utilized to ensure the present value of the benefits cash flow equals the present value computed using the spot yield curve. A 25-basis point change in the discount rate results in approximately a $56 million change in the projected pension benefit obligation. The methodology includes producing a cash flow of annual accrued benefits. Refer to Note 12h. “Assumptions” for details on the discount rate.

e.     Plan assets

The assets of the qualified pension plan are invested in a MassMutual group annuity contract and in the MassMutual Pension Plan Trust (Pension Trust). The group annuity contract includes a general investment account (GIA). As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, GIA assets managed by the Company were $517 million and $143 million, respectively. The Company was rated AA+ by Standards and Poor’s as of December 31, 2025.

The Company’s overall objective is to manage the assets in a liability framework where investments are selected that are expected to have similar changes in fair value as the related liabilities will have upon changes in interest rates. The company invests in a portfolio of both return-seeking and liability-hedging assets, to achieve long-term growth and to insulate the funded position from interest rate volatility.

The target range allocations are based on two broad categories, return-seeking (generally equities and alternative investments) and liability-hedging (generally fixed income). The return-seeking allocation range is 35% and liability-hedging range is 65%. The return-seeking portfolio currently consists of 100% alternatives. The pension plan assets invested in the GIA through the unallocated group annuity contract earn a fixed interest. These assets comprised approximately 21% and 6% of the plan assets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The following presents the change in plan assets:

December 31,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Pension Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits
(In Millions)
Plan assets, beginning of year $ 2,470  $ 2,521  $ —  $
Actual return on plan assets 144  73  —  — 
Employer contributions 31  26  12  12 
Benefits paid (185) (150) (14) (15)
Other —  —  (1)
Plan assets, end of year $ 2,460  $ 2,470  $ $ — 

The GIA is designed to provide stable, long-term investment growth. Investments in the GIA are stated at contract value. Contract value is the amount participants would receive if they were to initiate certain transactions under the terms of the plan. It provides for a stated return on principal invested over a specified period and permits withdrawals at contract value for benefit payments, loans, or transfers.

Investments in the Pension Trust are stated at fair value. Noninterest bearing cash is stated at cost value.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s fair value hierarchy is defined in Note 4. "Fair Value of financial instruments".

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used to measure fair value for the investments in the qualified pension plan.

Cash and short-term investments: Short-term investments are stated at cost, which is equal to fair value. Foreign currencies are stated at cost and adjusted for foreign currency gains and losses.

Government securities: Marked to market daily based on values provided by third-party vendors or market makers to the extent available or based on model prices. Valuations furnished by a pricing service take into account factors such as institutional-size trading in similar securities, yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, type of issue, trading characteristics, and other market data and are therefore classified as Level 2.

Bonds: If Level 1 valuations are not available, the fair value is determined using models such as matrix pricing and therefore, is classified as Level 2, which uses quoted market prices of debt securities with similar characteristics. Valued using the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded.

Mutual funds: Mutual funds are valued at the daily closing price as reported by the fund. Certain mutual funds held by the Plan are registered with the SEC and are required to publish their daily NAV. These mutual funds held by the Plan are deemed to be actively traded and are therefore classified as Level 1.

Exchange-Traded Funds: Exchange-traded funds are valued at daily closing price. Exchange-traded funds held by the Plan are registered with the SEC and are required to publish a daily price. These investments held by the Plan are deemed to be actively traded and are therefore classified as Level 1.

Real estate investment trusts: Real estate investment trusts are valued using the plan’s pro-rata interest in the fund and does not have a lock-up period, a funding commitment, or a specific redemption period but are dependent upon the liquidation of underlying assets. Therefore, these investments are classified as NAV practical expedient.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Hedge funds: Hedge funds are based on the plan’s pro rata interest in the fund and have a 45-day redemption period and therefore classified as NAV practical expedient.

Limited partnerships – Private equity/venture capital: The plan utilizes the NAV practical expedient to calculate fair value of its investments based on the Plan’s pro rata interest in net assets of each underlying partnership. All valuations utilize financial information supplied by the partnership, including income, expenses, gains and losses. The underlying investments are accounted for at fair value as described in the partnership’s audited financial statements. These funds can be redeemed periodically with notice that generally ranges from 45 to 90 days. There are no lock-ups or funding commitments.

Limited partnerships – Real estate: The plan utilizes the NAV practical expedient to calculate fair value of its investments based on the Plan’s pro rata interest in net assets of each underlying partnership. All valuations utilize financial information supplied by the partnership, including income, expenses, gains and losses. The underlying investments of the partnership are accounted for at fair value as described in the partnership’s audited financial statements. These funds can be redeemed periodically with notice that generally ranges from 45 to 90 days. There are no lock-ups or funding commitments.

Limited partnerships – Hedge: The Plan utilizes the NAV practical expedient to calculate fair value of its investments based on the Plan’s pro rata interest in net assets of each underlying partnership. All valuations utilize financial information supplied by the partnership, including income, expenses, gains and losses. The underlying investments of the partnership are accounted for at fair value as described in the partnership’s audited financial statements. The hedge funds can be redeemed semi-annually with 95-days notice. There are no lockups or funding commitments.

Other investments: Investments included in this category include asset backed securities, mortgage backed securities, swaps, derivatives, futures and options. Closing prices are not available on the active market. Fair value is determined using models such as matrix pricing and therefore, these securities are classified as Level 2.

The following tables set forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the plan’s assets at fair value as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Fair Value as of December 31, 2025
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 NAV Practical Expedient Total
(In Millions)
Cash and short-term investments $ 81  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 81 
Government securities —  489  —  —  489 
Bonds —  399  —  —  399 
Mutual funds 257  —  —  —  257 
Exchange traded funds 41  —  —  —  41 
Real estate investment trusts —  —  —  40  40 
Hedge funds —  —  —  17  17 
Limited partnerships:
Private equity/venture capital —  —  —  448  448 
Real estate —  —  —  89  89 
Hedge —  —  —  69  69 
Other investments —  —  — 
Total $ 379  $ 890  $ —  $ 663  $ 1,932 

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Fair Value as of December 31, 2024
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 NAV Practical Expedient Total
(In Millions)
Cash and short-term investments $ 44  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 44 
Government securities —  459  —  —  459 
Bonds —  374  —  —  374 
Mutual funds 512  —  —  —  512 
Real estate investment trusts —  —  —  47  47 
Hedge funds —  —  —  34  34 
Limited partnerships:
Private equity/venture capital —  —  —  512  512 
Real estate —  —  —  108  108 
Hedge —  —  —  225  225 
Other investments —  —  — 
Total $ 556  $ 836  $ —  $ 926  $ 2,318 

Plan assets measured at contract value and non-interest bearing cash are excluded from the preceding tables.

f.     Amounts recognized in the Statutory Statements of Financial Position

Unrecognized prior service cost is the adjustment to the projected benefit obligation as a result of plan amendments. It represents the increase or decrease in benefits for service performed in prior periods. For pension benefits, this cost is amortized into net periodic benefit cost over the average remaining service years of active employees at the time of the amendment. For other postretirement benefits, this cost is amortized into net periodic benefit cost over the average remaining lifetime of eligible employees and retirees at the time of the amendment.

Unrecognized net actuarial (gains) losses are variances between assumptions used and actual experience. These assumptions include return on assets, discount rate, demographics and mortality. The unrecognized net actuarial (gains) losses are amortized if they exceed 10% of the projected benefit obligation and are amortized starting in the period after recognition. These are amortized for pension and other postretirement benefits into net periodic benefit cost over the remaining service-years of active employees.

The prepaid pension asset is the overfunded projected benefit obligation. It is the excess of the fair value of plan assets over the projected benefit obligation. The prepaid pension asset is a nonadmitted asset.

The following sets forth the projected benefit obligation funded status of the plans:

December 31,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Pension Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits
(In Millions)
Projected benefit obligation $ (2,713) $ (2,570) $ (281) $ (307)
Less: plan assets 2,460  2,470  — 
Projected benefit obligation funded status $ (253) $ (100) $ (279) $ (307)

The qualified pension plan was overfunded by $170 million and $307 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The nonqualified pension plans are not funded and have total projected benefit obligations of $423 million and $407 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The qualified pension plan nonadmitted pension plan asset was $170 million and $631 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The Company intends to fund $64 million in 2026 to meet its expected current obligations under its qualified and nonqualified pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans.

g.    Net periodic cost

The net periodic cost represents the annual accounting income or expense recognized by the Company and is included in general insurance expenses in the Statutory Statements of Operations. The net periodic cost recognized is as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023 2025 2024 2023
Pension
Benefits
Other Postretirement Benefits
(In Millions)
Service cost $ $ 99  $ 86  $ $ $
Interest cost 135  123  125  16  15  15 
Expected return on plan assets (167) (171) (169) —  —  — 
Amortization of unrecognized losses (gains) 14  19  27  (11) (10) (9)
Amortization of unrecognized prior service benefit —  —  —  (3) (5) (5)
Total net periodic (benefit)/expense $ (10) $ 70  $ 69  $ $ $

The following represents amounts in unassigned funds recognized as components of net periodic cost during the current year:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Pension
Benefits
Other Postretirement Benefits
(In Millions)
Items not yet recognized as a component of net periodic cost, beginning of year $ 362  $ 418  $ (82) $ (84)
Net prior service cost or credit recognized
—  — 
Net gain and loss arising during the period
208  (37) (39) (12)
Net gain and loss recognized
(14) (19) 10 
Items not yet recognized as a component of net periodic cost, beginning of year $ 556  $ 362  $ (107) $ (82)

The amounts in unassigned funds that have not yet been recognized as components of net period cost as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Pension
Benefits
Other Postretirement Benefits
(In Millions)
Net prior service cost or credit —  —  (3) (8)
Net recognized gains and losses 556  362  (103) (74)

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The expected future pension and other postretirement benefit payments which reflect expected future service are as follows:
Pension Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits
(In Millions)
2026 $ 239  $ 18 
2027 226  18 
2028 221  19 
2029 214  19 
2030 214  20 
2031 - 2035 977  101 

h.    Assumptions

The assumptions the Company used to calculate the benefit obligations and to determine the benefit costs are as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023 2025 2024 2023
Pension Benefits Other Postretirement Benefits
(Percent)
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine:
Benefit obligations:
Discount rate 5.25  % 5.50  % 4.85  % 5.35  % 5.55  % 4.85  %
Expected rate of compensation increase —  % 3.50  % 3.50  % 3.50  % 3.50  % 3.50  %
Interest Crediting rate 6.10  % 5.00  % 5.00  % 5.35  % 5.55  % 4.85  %
Net periodic benefit cost:
Discount rate 5.50  % 4.85  % 5.00  % 5.55  % 4.85  % 5.05  %
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 7.00  % 7.00  % 7.00  % 3.00  % 3.00  % 3.00  %
Expected rate of compensation increase —  % 3.50  % 3.50  % 3.50  % 3.50  % 3.50  %
Interest crediting rate 5.00  % 5.00  % 5.00  % 5.55  % 4.85  % 5.05  %

The discount rate used to determine the benefit obligations as of year-end is used to determine the expense in the next fiscal year.

The Company determines its assumptions for the expected rate of return on plan assets for its plans using a “building block” approach, which focuses on ranges of anticipated rates of return for each asset class. A weighted range of nominal rates is determined based on target allocations for each class of asset.

13.     Employee compensation plans

The Company has a long-term incentive compensation plan under which certain employees of the Company and its subsidiaries may be issued phantom stock-based compensation awards. These awards include PSARs and PRS. These awards do not grant an equity or ownership interest in the Company.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
A summary of the weighted average grant price of PSARs and PRS shares granted, the intrinsic value of PSARs shares exercised, the PRS liabilities paid and the fair value of shares vested during the year is as follows:

December 31,
2025 2024 2023
Weighted average grant date fair value:
PSARs granted during the year $ 119.07  $ 151.50  $ 145.77 
PRS granted during the year 121.88  150.96  145.67 
Intrinsic value (in thousands):
PSARs options exercised 535  1,986  65,810 
PRS liabilities paid 33,269  103,656  45,600 
Fair value of shares vested during the year 72,145  99,903  64,779 

A summary of PSARs and PRS shares is as follows:

PSARs PRS
Weighted Average Weighted Average
Number of Share Units Price Remaining Contract Terms Number of Share Units Price Remaining Contract Terms
(In Thousands) (In Years) (In Thousands) (In Years)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023
4,039  $ 144.46  4.4 1,585  $ 152.73  2.1
Granted 1,591  151.50  332  150.96 
Exercised (215) 141.60  (684) 142.11 
Forfeited (229) 147.01  (85) 160.51 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024
5,186  146.66  4.0 1,148  157.97  2.8
Granted 2,337  119.07  527  121.88 
Exercised (41) 138.93  (272) 158.85 
Forfeited (237) 140.41  (80) 146.72 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2025
7,245  137.98  3.7 1,323  144.09  3.0
Exercisable as of December 31, 2025
1,700  $ 143.16  1.7 $ 177.00  1.5

The PSARs compensation was an expense of $162 million, $10 million and $17 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The PSARs accrued compensation liability was $162 million and $1 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested PSAR awards as of December 31, 2025 was $140 million and there was no unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested PSAR awards as of December 31, 2024. The weighted average period over which the expense is expected to be recognized is 3.7 years. The PSARs unrecognized compensation expense represents the total intrinsic value of all shares issued if 100% vested at current stock price, minus current compensation liability.

The PRS compensation expense was $59 million, $39 million and $96 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The PRS accrued compensation liability was $111 million and $85 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested PRS awards was $97 million, $66 million and $87 million as of December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The weighted average period over which the expense is expected to be recognized is 3.0 years. The PRS unrecognized compensation expense represents the total value of all shares issued if 100% vested at the current stock price, minus current compensation liability.
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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
14.     Surplus notes

The following table summarizes the surplus notes issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025:

Issue Date Face
Amount
Carrying
Value
Interest
Rate
Maturity
Date
Scheduled Interest
 Payment Dates
Type of Assets Received Upon Issuance
($ In Millions)
05/12/03 $ 193  $ 193  5.625% 05/15/33 May 15 & Nov 15 Cash
06/01/09 130  129  8.875% 06/01/39 Jun 1 & Dec 1 Cash
01/17/12 263  263  5.375% 12/01/41 Jun 1 & Dec 1 Cash
04/15/15 258  254  4.500% 04/15/65 Apr 15 & Oct 15 Cash
03/23/17 475  471  4.900% 04/01/77 Apr 1 & Oct 1 Cash
10/11/19 838  608  3.729% 10/15/70 Apr 15 & Oct 15 Cash
04/16/20 700  698  3.375% 04/15/50 Apr 15 & Oct 15 Cash
06/26/20 600  811  5.077% 02/15/69 Feb 15 & Aug 15 Treasury Notes
03/01/21 200  230  5.077% 02/15/69 Feb 15 & Aug 15 Treasury Notes
11/18/21 675  670  3.200% 12/01/61 Jun 1 & Dec 1 Treasury Notes
12/01/22 500  500  5.672% 12/01/52 Jun 1 & Dec 1 Treasury Notes
     Total $ 4,832  $ 4,827 

All payments of interest and principal are subject to the prior approval of the Division. Interest expense is not recorded until approval for payment is received from the Division. As of December 31, 2025, the unapproved interest was $43 million. Through December 31, 2025, MassMutual paid cumulative interest of $2,267 million on surplus notes. Interest of $217 million was approved and paid during the year ended December 31, 2025.

There are no sinking fund requirements for the notes issued in 2003, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021 or 2022.

These notes are unsecured and subordinate to all present and future indebtedness of MassMutual, all policy claims and all prior claims against MassMutual as provided by the Massachusetts General Laws. The surplus notes are all held by bank custodians for unaffiliated investors. All issuances were approved by the Division. Surplus notes are included in surplus on the Statutory Statements of Financial Position.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
15.     Presentation of the Statutory Statements of Cash Flows

The following table presents those transactions that have affected the Company's recognized assets or liabilities but have not resulted in cash receipts or payments during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. Accordingly, the Company has excluded these non-cash activities from the Statutory Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(In Millions)
Bond conversions and refinancing $ 7,373 $ 1,815 $ 1,460
Bonds transferred to affiliates 1,111
Transfer of bonds to partnerships and limited liability companies 745 122
Change in market value of corporate owned life insurance asset 417 204 217
Transfer of mortgage loans to partnerships and limited liability companies 278 186
Transfer of bonds to preferred stocks 259
Transfer of mortgage loans to bonds 154 66 132
MMI related party transfer 146
Transfer of partnerships and limited liability companies to common stocks - subsidiaries and affiliates 111
Stock conversions 67 5,747 202
Net investment income payment-in-kind bonds 52 31 14
Transfer of mortgage loans to real estate 28
New Haven Holdco related party transfer 25
Transfer of partnerships and limited liability companies to mortgage loans 23
Transfers between other invested assets 19 76 277
Preferred stock transferred to affiliates 12
Transfer of affiliated common stocks to partnerships and limited liability companies 1,652 38
Transfer of mortgage loans to mortgage loans 17
Transfer of partnerships and limited liability companies to stocks 3
Transfer of partnerships and limited liability companies to bonds 100
Transfer of mortgage loans to short-term investments 60
Accrued discount on mortgage loans 10

16.     Business risks, commitments and contingencies

a.        Risks and uncertainties

The Company operates in a business environment subject to various risks and uncertainties. The principal risks include insurance and underwriting risks, investment and interest rate risks, currency exchange risk and credit risk. The combined impact of these risks could have a material, adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements or result in operating losses in future periods. The Company employs the use of reinsurance, portfolio diversification, asset/liability management processes and other risk management techniques to mitigate the impact of these risks.


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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Insurance and underwriting risks

The Company prices its products based on estimated benefit payments reflecting assumptions with respect to mortality, morbidity, longevity, persistency, interest rates and other factors. If actual policy experience emerges that is significantly and adversely different from assumptions used in product pricing, the effect could be material to the profitability of the Company. For participating whole life products, the Company’s dividends to policyholders primarily reflect the difference between actual investment, mortality, expense and persistency experience and the experience embedded in the whole life premiums and guaranteed elements. The Company also reinsures certain life insurance and other LTC insurance policies to mitigate the impact of its underwriting risk.

Investment and interest rate risks

The fair value, cash flows and earnings of investments can be influenced by a variety of factors including changes in interest rates, credit spreads, equity markets, portfolio asset allocation and general economic conditions. The Company employs a rigorous asset/liability management process to help mitigate the economic impacts of various investment risks, in particular interest rate risk. By effectively matching the market sensitivity of assets with the liabilities they support, the impact of interest rate changes is addressed, on an economic basis, as the change in the value of the asset is offset by a corresponding change in the value of the supported liability. The Company uses derivatives, such as interest rate swaps and swaptions, as well as synthetic assets to reduce interest rate and duration imbalances determined in asset/liability analyses.

The levels of U.S. interest rates are influenced by U.S. monetary policies and by the relative attractiveness of U.S. markets to investors versus other global markets. As interest rates increase, certain debt securities may experience amortization or prepayment speeds that are slower than those assumed at purchase, impacting the expected maturity of these securities and the ability to reinvest the proceeds at the higher yields. Rising interest rates may also result in a decrease in the fair value of the investment portfolio. As interest rates decline, certain debt securities may experience accelerated amortization and prepayment speeds than what was assumed at purchase. During such periods, the Company is at risk of lower net investment income as it may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable yields. Declining interest rates may also increase the fair value of the investment portfolio.

Interest rates also have an impact on the Company’s products with guaranteed minimum payouts and on interest credited to account holders. As interest rates decrease, investment spreads may contract as crediting rates approach minimum guarantees, resulting in an increased liability.

In periods of increasing interest rates, policy loans, surrenders and withdrawals may increase as policyholders seek investments with higher perceived returns. This could result in cash outflows requiring the Company to sell invested assets at a time when the prices of those assets are adversely affected by the increase in market interest rates, which could cause the Company to realize investment losses.

Currency exchange risk

The Company has currency risk due to its non-U.S. dollar denominated investments and medium-term notes along with its indirect international operations. The Company mitigates a portion of its currency risk through the use of currency swaps and forward contracts. Currency swaps are used to minimize currency risk for certain non-U.S. dollar assets and liabilities through a pre-specified exchange of interest and principal. Forward contracts are used to hedge movements in exchange rates.

Credit and other market risks

The Company manages its investments to limit credit and other market risks by diversifying its portfolio among various security types and industry sectors as well as purchasing credit default swaps to transfer some of the risk.
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NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Stressed conditions, volatility and disruptions in global capital markets or in particular markets or financial asset classes can have an adverse effect on the Company, in part because the Company has a large investment portfolio and assets supporting the Company’s insurance liabilities are sensitive to changing market factors. Global market factors, including interest rates, credit spread, equity prices, real estate markets, foreign currency exchange rates, consumer spending, business investment, government spending, the volatility and strength of the capital markets, deflation and inflation, all affect the business and economic environment and, ultimately, the profitability of the Company’s business. Disruptions in one market or asset class can also spread to other markets or asset classes. Upheavals in the financial markets can also affect the Company’s business through their effects on general levels of economic activity, employment and customer behavior.

Real estate markets are monitored continuously with attention on regional differences in price performance, absorption trends and supply and demand fundamentals that can impact the rate of foreclosures and delinquencies. Public sector strengths and weaknesses, job growth and macro-economic issues are factors that are closely monitored to identify any impact on the Company’s real estate related investments.

The CMBS, RMBS and leveraged loan sectors are sensitive to evolving conditions that can impair the cash flows realized by investors and is subject to uncertainty. Management’s judgment regarding OTTI and estimated fair value depends upon the evolving investment sector and economic conditions. It can also be affected by the market liquidity, a lack of which can make it difficult to obtain accurate market prices for RMBS and other investments, including CMBS and leveraged loans. Any deterioration in economic fundamentals, especially related to the housing sector could affect management’s judgment regarding OTTI.

The Company has investments in structured products exposed primarily to the credit risk of corporate bank loans, corporate bonds or credit default swap contracts referencing corporate credit risk. Most of these structured investments are backed by corporate loans and are commonly known as collateralized loan obligations that are classified as CDOs. The portfolios backing these investments are actively managed and diversified by industry and individual issuer concentrations. Due to the complex nature of CDOs and the reduced level of transparency to the underlying collateral pools for many market participants, the recovery in CDOs valuations generally lags the overall recovery in the underlying assets. Management believes its scenario analysis approach, based primarily on actual collateral data and forward looking assumptions, does capture the credit and most other risks in each pool. However, in a rapidly changing economic environment, the credit and other risks in each collateral pool will be more volatile and actual credit performance of CDOs may differ from the Company’s assumptions.

The Company continuously monitors its investments and assesses their liquidity and financial viability; however, the existence of the factors described above, as well as other market factors, could negatively impact the market value of the Company's investments. If the Company sells its investments prior to maturity or market recovery, these investments may yield a return that is less than the Company otherwise would have been able to realize.

Asset-based fees calculated as a percentage of the separate account assets are a source of revenue to the Company. Gains and losses in the investment markets may result in corresponding increases and decreases in the Company’s separate account assets and related revenue.

Market risk arises within the Company’s employee benefit plans to the extent that the obligations of the plans are not fully matched by assets with determinable cash flows. Pension and postretirement obligations are subject to change due to fluctuations in the discount rates used to measure the liabilities as well as factors such as changes in inflation, salary increases and participants living longer. The risks are that such fluctuations could result in assets that are insufficient over time to cover the level of projected benefit obligations. In addition, increases in inflation and members living longer could increase the pension and postretirement obligations. Management determines the level of this risk using reports prepared by independent actuaries and takes action, where appropriate, in terms of setting investment strategy and determining contribution levels. In the event that the pension obligations arising under the Company’s employee benefit plans exceed the assets set aside to meet the obligations, the Company may be required to make additional contributions or increase its level of contributions to these plans.

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NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Political Uncertainties

Political events, domestically or internationally, may directly or indirectly trigger or exacerbate risks related to product offerings, profitability, or any of the risk factors described above. Whether those underlying risk factors are driven by geopolitics or not, the Company’s dynamic approach to managing risks enables management to identify risks, internally and externally, develop mitigation plans, and respond to risks in an attempt to proactively reduce the potential impact of each underlying risk factor on the Company.

b.     Leases

The Company leases office space and equipment in the normal course of business under various noncancelable operating lease agreements. Additionally, the Company, as lessee, has entered various sublease agreements with affiliates for office space, such as Barings. Total rental expense on net operating leases, recorded in general insurance expenses, was $84 million and $77 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Net operating leases are net of sublease receipts of $5 million and $9 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the company has not entered into any sale-leaseback transactions with any unrelated parties.

Future minimum commitments for all lease obligations as of December 31, 2025 were as follows:

Gross Affiliated Subleases Nonaffiliated Subleases Net
(In Millions)
2026 $ 89  $ $ $ 83 
2027 88  81 
2028 83  78 
2029 78  72 
2030 70  64 
Thereafter 267  261 
Total $ 675  $ 15  $ 21  $ 639 

The Company engaged in a sale-leaseback transaction with Bank of America, PNC, and US Bank (collectively the Banks) on May 22, 2025. The sale-leaseback transaction covered $133 million of software assets (capitalized costs, primarily consisting of software externally purchased and internally developed and/or customized), which were non-admitted under statutory accounting guidance. In return for the assets, the Banks provided $172 million of cash to the Company. The initial portion of the transaction is treated as sale and resulted in a deferred gain of $38 million. The second portion of the agreement is treated as an operating lease, which has a five-year term.

c.     Guaranty funds

The Company is subject to state insurance guaranty fund laws. These laws assess insurance companies’ amounts to be used to pay benefits to policyholders and policy claimants of insolvent insurance companies. Many states allow these assessments to be credited against future premium taxes. The Company believes such assessments in excess of amounts accrued will not materially impact its financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
d.     Litigation and regulatory matters

In the normal course of business, the Company is involved in disputes, litigation and governmental or regulatory inquiries, administrative proceedings, examinations and investigations, both pending and threatened. These matters, if resolved adversely against the Company or settled, may result in monetary damages, fines and penalties or require changes in the Company’s business practices. The resolution or settlement of these matters is inherently difficult to predict. Based upon the Company’s assessment of these pending matters, the Company does not believe that the amount of any judgment, settlement or other action arising from any pending matter is likely to have a material adverse effect on the statement of financial position. However, an adverse outcome in certain matters could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations for the period in which such matter is resolved, or an accrual is determined to be required, on the financial statement financial position, or on our reputation.

The Company evaluates the need for accruals of loss contingencies for each matter. When a liability for a matter is probable and can be estimated, the Company accrues an estimate of the loss offset by related insurance recoveries or other contributions, if any. An accrual may be subject to subsequent adjustment as a result of additional information and other developments. The resolution of matters is inherently difficult to predict, especially in the early stages of matter. Even if a loss is probable, due to many complex factors, such as speed of discovery and the timing of court decisions or rulings, a loss or range of loss may not be reasonably estimated until the later stages of the matter. For matters where a loss is material and it is either probable or reasonably possible then it is disclosed. For matters where a loss may be reasonably possible, but not probable, or is probable but not reasonably estimated, no accrual is established, but the matter, if material, is disclosed.

e.     Commitments

In the normal course of business, the Company provides specified guarantees and funding to MMHLLC and certain of its subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had approximately $800 million of these unsecured funding commitments to its subsidiaries. The unsecured commitments are included in private placements in the table below. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had not funded, nor had an outstanding balance due on, these commitments.

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into letter of credit arrangements. The Company had outstanding letter of credit arrangements of approximately $77 million and $77 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not have any funding requests attributable to these letter of credit arrangements.

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into commitments to purchase certain investments. The majority of these commitments have funding periods that extend between one and five years. The Company is not required to fund commitments once the commitment period expires.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had the following outstanding commitments:

2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Thereafter Total
(In Millions)
Private placements
$ 3,919  $ 4,854  $ 2,952  $ 1,339  $ 1,122  $ 773  $ 14,959 
Mortgage loans
246  128  577  —  100  1,060 
Partnerships and limited liability companies 2,070  1,792  735  596  698  1,327  7,218 
LIHTCs (including equity contributions) —  —  45  51  98 
Total $ 6,236  $ 6,774  $ 4,264  $ 1,989  $ 1,821  $ 2,251  $ 23,335 

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
In the normal course of business the Company enters into commitments related to property lease arrangements, certain indemnities, investments and other business obligations. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had no outstanding obligations attributable to these commitments.

f.     Guarantees

In the normal course of business the Company enters into guarantees related to employee and retirement benefits, the maintenance of subsidiary regulatory capital, surplus levels and liquidity sufficient to meet certain obligations, and other property lease arrangements. If the Company were to recognize a liability, the financial statement impact would be to recognize either an expense or an investment in a subsidiary, controlled, or affiliated entity. The Company has no expectations for recoveries from third parties should these guarantees be triggered. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had no outstanding obligations to any obligor attributable to these guarantees.

The following details contingent guarantees that are made on behalf of the Company’s subsidiaries and affiliates as of December 31, 2025.

Type of
guarantee
Nature of guarantee (including term) and events and circumstances that would require the guarantor to perform under guarantee Carrying amount of liability Maximum potential amount of future payments (undiscounted) required under the guarantee
Employee and Retirement Benefits The Company guarantees the payment of certain employee and retirement benefits for its wholly-owned subsidiary Barings, if the subsidiary is unable to pay. The liabilities for these plans of $605 million have been recorded on the subsidiaries' books and represent the Company's maximum obligation.
Capital and Surplus Support of Subsidiaries Certain guarantees of the Company provide for the maintenance of a subsidiary's regulatory capital, surplus levels and liquidity sufficient to meet certain obligations. These unlimited guarantees are made on behalf of certain wholly-owned subsidiaries. (C.M. Life and MML Bay State). These guarantees are not limited and cannot be estimated.
Other Property Lease Arrangements The Company guarantees the payment of various lease obligations on behalf of its subsidiaries and affiliates. The future maximum potential obligations are immaterial to the Company.
Deferred Equity Guaranty The lender for the Kimpton Tryon Park hotel has required a “Deferred Equity Guaranty” in the amount of $3 million. The Guaranteed Equity Amount is equal to the sum of the remaining costs and expenses necessary to complete a planned renovation project at the hotel, less any amounts over $0.5 million deposited in the FF&E Reserve. The Guaranty will remain in place until the renovation project at the hotel is completed, which was anticipated to occur in April 2025. The complete renovation is being delayed as a sale is being completed. $3 million
Secure Capital for Variable Annuity Separate Accounts The Company guarantees the capital contributions required to be made by a variable annuity separate account contract holder in the event the contract holder fails to payoff a subscription line utilized to deploy capital for the separate account. $126 million with the right to increase the line to $345 million.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
17.     Related party transactions

MassMutual has management and service contracts and cost-sharing arrangements with various subsidiaries and affiliates where MassMutual, for a fee, will furnish a subsidiary or affiliate, as required, operating facilities, human resources, computer software development and managerial services.

MassMutual has agreements with its subsidiaries and affiliates, including MML Investment Advisers LLC, The MassMutual Private Wealth & Trust, FSB, and Baring International Investment Limited, where MassMutual receives revenue for certain recordkeeping and other services that MassMutual provides to customers who select, as investment options, mutual funds managed by these affiliates.

MassMutual has agreements with its subsidiaries, Barings, MML Investment Advisers LLC and MassMutual Intellectual Property LLC, which provide investment advisory services and licensing agreements to MassMutual.

The following table summarizes the transactions between the Company and the related parties:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(In Millions)
Fee income:
Management and service contracts and cost-sharing arrangements $ 480  $ 471  $ 425 
Investment advisory income 15  16  16 
Recordkeeping and other services 12  12  11 
Fee expense:
Investment advisory services 268  277  221 
Royalty and licensing fees 83  83  84 

The Company reported amounts due from subsidiaries and affiliates of $138 million and $114 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company reported amounts due to subsidiaries and affiliates of $93 million and $108 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Terms generally require settlement of these amounts within 30 to 90 days.

The Company held debt issued by MMHLLC that amounted to $2,144 million as of December 31, 2025 and $2,144 million as of December 31, 2024. The Company recorded interest income on MMHLLC debt of $154 million in 2025 and $168 million in 2024.

As of December 31, 2025, MMIH provided financing of $7,500 million for MassMutual Asset Finance (MMAF) that can be used to finance ongoing asset purchases. During 2025, MMAF borrowed $2,514 million and repaid $2,912 million under the credit facility. During 2024, MMAF borrowed $2,790 million and repaid $1,806 million under the credit facility. Outstanding borrowings under the facility were $5,636 million as of December 31, 2025 and $6,035 million as of December 31, 2024. Interest for these borrowings was $229 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and $207 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The floating rate borrowings bear interest at a spread over the 30-day SOFR. The fixed rate borrowings bear an interest at a spread over average life Treasuries.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Together, MassMutual and C.M. Life, provide a credit facility to Jefferies Finance, LLC (Jefferies) whereby Jefferies borrows cash through short-term approved financings to fund the purchase of loans for securitization. During 2025, Jefferies borrowed $90 million and repaid $113 million under the credit facility. During 2024, there were no borrowings or repayments recorded. As of December 31, 2025, there were no outstanding borrowings under this facility. All outstanding interest due under the facility, as of December 31, 2025, had been paid. The interest of this facility is calculated based on a full pass through of interest accrued on the underlying loans purchased.

Capital Contributions from MassMutual

$142 million and $135 million to DPI Acres Capital LLC in 2025 and 2024, respectively
$118 million to Counterpointe MM Mortgage Lending in 2025
$56 million to LNL MM LLC in 2025
$26 million and $70 million to ITPS Holdings LLC in 2025 and 2024, respectively
$15 million and $27 million to MMV Europe APAC LP in 2025 and 2024, respectively
$300 million to DPI Ares Mortgage Lending LLC in 2024
$64 million to MassMutual Mortgage Lending LLC in 2024
$98 million to MM Ascend in 2024
$15 million to MMV SEA III in 2024

Non-Cash Capital Contributions from MassMutual

Investments valued at $1.2 billion to MM Vine Street LLC in 2024
Investments valued at $404 million to Stillings Street LLC in 2024

Return of Capital to MassMutual

MM International paid $301 million ($44 million cash and $257 million non-cash) in 2025
DPI Ares paid $300 million in 2025
DPI Acres paid $250 million in 2025
MM Mortgage Lending paid $95 million and $10 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively
Trad Investments paid $37 million in 2025
ITPS Holding LLC paid $25 million (non-cash) in 2025
MMIH paid $50 million in 2024
MM/Barings Multifamily paid $20 million in 2024
Glidepath Holdings paid $100 million in 2024

Dividends paid to MassMutual

Glidepath Holdings paid $175 million in 2025
Insurance Road LLC paid $90 million and $199 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively
MMLIA paid $35 million and $33 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively
MM/Barings Multifamily paid $22 million in 2024
MM Mortgage Lending paid $39 million in 2024

The Company has reinsurance agreements with its subsidiary, C.M. Life, and its indirect subsidiary, MML Bay State, including stop-loss, coinsurance, Modco and yearly renewable term agreements on life insurance and annuity products. The Company also has coinsurance agreements with C.M. Life where the Company assumes substantially all of the premium on certain universal life policies.

As of December 31, 2025, the net reinsurance amounts due to C.M. Life and MML Bay State were $51 million and as of December 31, 2024, the net reinsurance amounts due to C.M. Life and MML Bay State were $19 million. These outstanding balances are due and payable with terms ranging from monthly to annually, depending on the agreement in effect.
96    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The following table summarizes the reinsurance transactions for these reinsurance agreements:

Years Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(In Millions)
Premium assumed $ 472  $ 44  $ 43 
Modco adjustments, included in fees and other income 30  28  24 
Expense allowance on reinsurance assumed, included in commissions (24) (12) (13)
Policyholders' benefits (171) (110) (108)
Experience refunds (paid) received (2)

The Company currently has one longevity swap agreement with Rothesay Life Plc on certain inforce annuity products. Under this agreement, the Company is the reinsurer and Rothesay Life Plc is the cedent.

The following summarizes the related party transactions between the Company and Rothesay Life Plc:

December 31,
2025 2024 2023
(In Millions)
Premium assumed $ (416) $ (351) $ (248)
Policyholders' benefits 397  334  235 

18.     Subsidiaries and affiliated companies

A summary of ownership and relationship of the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliated companies as of December 31, 2025 is illustrated below.

Direct and Indirect Subsidiaries of MassMutual
C.M. Life Insurance Company
CML Global Capabilities LLC
MM Global Capabilities I LLC
MM Global Capabilities II LLC
MM Global Capabilities III LLC
MM/Barings Multifamily TEBS 2020 LLC
Berkshire Way LLC
MML Special Situations Investor LLC
Timberland Forest Holding LLC
Insurance Road LLC
EM Opportunities LLC
MassMutual MCAM Insurance Company, Inc.
MassMutual Ventures US IV GP, LLC
MassMutual Ventures US IV, L.P.
MassMutual Ventures Europe/APAC I GP, LLC
MassMutual Ventures Europe/APAC I GP, L.P.
MassMutual Ventures Europe/APAC I L.P.
Counterpointe Sustainable Advisors LLC
Jefferies Finance LLC (50% owned by MMLIC)
Glidepath Holdings Inc.
MassMutual Mortgage Lending LLC
MM Copper Hill Road LLC
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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
MMV CTF I GP LLC
MassMutual Ventures Climate Technology Fund I L.P.
MM Direct Private Investments Holding LLC
DPI-ACRES Capital LLC
DPI-ARES Mortgage Lending LLC
MM Investment Holding
MML CM LLC
MML Distributors LLC
MML Investment Advisers, LLC
MML Strategic Distributors, LLC
MassMutual Private Wealth & Trust, FSB
MML Private Placement Investment Company I, LLC
MML Private Equity Fund Investor LLC
MM Private Equity Intercontinental LLC
Pioneers Gate LLC
MassMutual Holding LLC
Amherst Long Term Holdings, LLC
Enroll Confidently, Inc.
Imbiba Growth LLP
Yunfeng Financial Group Limited
MassMutual External Benefits Group LLC
Stillings Street LLC
Eclipse Business Capital LLC
Port 51 Lending Holdings LLC
Counterpoint - MM Mortgage Lending LLC
LNL MM, LLC
CapSec LLC
LNL MM, LLC
MML Bay State Life Insurance Company
CML Special Situations Investor LLC
CM Life Mortgage Lending LLC
MassMutual Global Business Services India LLP
MM Global Capabilities (Netherlands) B.V.
Lyme Adirondack Forest Company, LLC
MassMutual Trad Private Equity LLC
MassMutual Intellectual Property LLC
Trad Investments I LLC
MassMutual Ventures Southeast Asia III LLC
CSA Intermediate Holdco LLC
CSA Incentive Holdco LLC
JFIN GP Adviser LLC
Jefferies MM Lending LLC
Jefferies Credit Partners LLC
Jefferies Private Credit BDC Inc.
JCP Funding 2024 LLC
JFIN Revolver Holdings II LLC
JFIN Co-Issuer Corporation
JFIN Europe GP, S.a.r.l.
Jefferies Finance Business Credit LLC
JFIN Funding 2021 LLC
JSPCS MM LLC
JFIN LC Fund LLC
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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
JFIN Revolver CLO 2017 Ltd.
JFIN Revolver CLO 2017-III Ltd.
JFIN Revolver CLO 2018 Ltd.
JFIN Revolver CLO 2019 Ltd.
JFIN Revolver CLO 2019-II Ltd.
JFIN Revolver CLO 2020 Ltd.
JFIN Revolver CLO 2021-II Ltd.
JFIN Revolver CLO 2021-V Ltd.
JFIN Revolver CLO 2022-II Ltd.
JFIN Revolver CLO 2022-III Ltd.
JFIN Revolver CLO 2022-IV Ltd.
JFIN Revolver CLO 2024-I Ltd.
JFIN Revolver CLO 2025-I Ltd.
JFIN Revolver CLO 2022-IV LLC
JFIN Revolver Fund, L.P.
JFIN Revolver Funding 2021 Ltd.
JFIN Revolver Funding 2021 III Ltd.
JFIN Revolver Funding 2021 IV Ltd.
JFIN Revolver Funding 2022-I Ltd.
JFIN Revolver SPE1 2022 LLC
JFIN Revolver SPE3 2022 LLC
JFIN Revolver SPE4 2022 LLC
JFIN Revolver SPE4 2022 Ltd.
JCP Private Loan Management GP LLC
JF CEI Holdings 1 LLC
Apex Credit CLO 2024-I Ltd.
Apex Credit Holdings LLC
Custom Ecology Holdco, LLC
MassMutual Ascend Life Insurance Company
MMIH Bond Holdings LLC
MassMutual Asset Finance LLC (MM Investment Holding owns 99.6%; CM Life owns .4%)
MML Management Corporation
Flourish Holding Company LLC
Fern Street LLC
Low Carbon Energy Holding
Sleeper Street LLC
GASL Holdings LLC
Barings Asset-Based Income Fund (US) LP
Barings Perpetual European Direct Lending Fund
Barings Emerging Generation Fund II
Babson Capital Global Special Situation Credit Fund 2
Barings Global Real Assets Fund LP
Barings Global Special Situations Credit Fund 3
MassMutual Assignment Company
MassMutual Capital Partners LLC
Marco Hotel LLC
HB Naples Golf Owner LLC
Intermodal Holding II LLC
MassMutual Ventures Holding LLC
MM Catalyst Fund LLC
MM Catalyst Fund II LLC
MM Rothesay Holdco US LLC
MML Investors Services, LLC
LifeScore Labs, LLC
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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
MM Asset Management Holding LLC
Port 51 Lending LLC
Port 51 Commercial LLC
100 w. 3rd Street LLC
300 South Tryon Hotel LLC
300 South Tryon LLC
Almack Mezzanine Fund II Unleveraged LP
Barings Affordable Housing Mortgage Fund I LLC
Barings Affordable Housing Mortgage Fund II LLC
Barings Affordable Housing Mortgage Fund III LLC
Barings Capital Solutions Perpetual Fund (CA), L.P.
Barings Construction Lending Fund LP
12-18 West 55th Street Predevelopment, LLC
21 West 86th LLC
Barings Diversified Residential Fund LP
Barings Emerging Generation Fund II LP
Barings Emerging Generation Fund III GP, LLC
Barings Emerging Generation Fund, LP
Barings Emerging Markets Corporate Bond Fund
Barings Hotel Opportunity Venture I LP
Barings Miller Investment Trust
Barings Real Estate Debt Income Fund LP
Barings Real Estate European Value Add I SCSp
Barings Real Estate European Value Add Fund 3 SCSp
Barings Small Business Fund, L.P.
Barings Storage Operations Trust
Barings U.S. Core Bond Fund
Barings U.S. High Yield Fund
Barings-MM Revolver Fund LP
Barings Australia Storage Trust
Beauty Brands Acquisition LLC
Beauty Brands Acquisition Intermediate LLC
Forma Brands, LLC
Cornerstone Permanent Mortgage Fund LLC
CREA Ridge Apartments, LLC
Euro Real Estate Holdings Herleshausen LLC
London Office JV Holdings LLC
MALIC Australia BSOT LLC
Riverwalk MM Member, LLC
Aland Royalty Holdings LP
Chassis Acquisition Holding LLC
CRA Aircraft Holding LLC
EIP Holdings I, LLC
Validus Holding Company LLC
SBNP SIA III LLC
100    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
MM Speedway El Paso Member LLC
MM Speedway El Paso Member II LLC
Barings European Real Estate Debt Income Fund
Babson Capital Loan Strategies Fund, L.P.
Barings US High Yield Bond Fund
Barings US High Yield Fund
Babson CLO Ltd. 2015-I
Barings CLO 2019-II
Barings CLO 2019-III
Barings CLO 2019-IV
Barings CLO 2020-I
Barings CLO 2020-III
Barings CLO 2020-IV
Barings CLO 2021-I
Barings CLO 2021-II
Barings CLO 2021-III
Barings CLO 2024-II
Babson Euro CLO 2015-I BV
Barings Euro CLO 2019-I BV
Barings Euro CLO 2019-II BV
Barings Euro CLO 2020-I DAC
Barings Euro CLO 2021-I DAC
Barings Euro CLO 2021-II DAC
Barings Euro CLO 2021-III DAC
Barings Euro CLO 2023-II DAC
Barings Euro CLO 2024-II
Barings CLO 2025 - IV
Barings Global Energy Infrastructure Fund I LP
Barings Joondalup Trust
Barings Construction Lending Fund
Barings Liquidity Investment Strategy
Artemis Real Estate Income and Growth Fund II LP
Artemis EM Strategy Sponsor Investor, LLC
Barings Global Special Situations Credit 4 Delaware
Barings Global Special Situations Credit 4 LUX
Barings Europe Select Fund
Barings Hotel Opportunity Venture
Barings Innovations & Growth Real Estate Fund
Barings Middle Market CLO 2017-I Ltd & LLC
Barings Middle Market CLO Ltd 2021-I
Barings Middle Market CLO Ltd 2023-I
Barings Middle Market CLO Ltd 2023-II
Barings Euro Middle Market CLO 2024-1 DAC
Barings Middle Market Loan Partners 1
Barings Middle Market Loan Partners 2
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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Barings Loan Partners 5
Barings Loan Partners 4
Barings RE Credit Strategies VII LP
Barings Target Yield Infrastructure Debt Fund
Barings CLO Investment Partners LP
Barings Euro Value Add II (BREEVA II)
Barings Transportation Fund LP
Braemar Energy Ventures I, L.P.
BRAVA 5 MALIC Investor LLC
BRAVA 5 MM Investor LLC
Barings European Core Property Fund SCSp
Barings European Private Loan Fund III A
Benchmark 2018-B2 Mortgage Trust
Benchmark 2018-B4
Benchmark 2018-B8
Barings Core Property Fund LP
DPI Acres Capital SPV LLC
DPI-ARES Mortgage Lending SPV, LLC
E2E Affordable Housing Debt Fund LLC
GIA EU Holdings - Emerson JV Sarl
JPMCC Commercial Mortgage Securities Trust 2017-JP7
JPMDB Commercial Mortgage Securities Trust 2017-C5
Martello Re Feeder LP
Martello Re LP
Martello Re Holding Limited LLC
Martello Re Limited
Martello Re Services Company
Miami Douglas Three MM, LLC
MM BIG Peninsula Co-Invest Member LLC
MM Direct Private Invetment Holding
MM CM Holding LLC
MM Debt Participations LLC
Barings Capital Solutions Perpetual Fund (DE) LP
Barings Capital Solutions Perpetual Fund (LUX)
Barings Income Navigator Fund
Barings Capital Solutions Perpetual Fund (CA), LP
Barings Emerging Market Debt Blended Total Return Fund
40 Exchange MM Member LLC
Barings Global Investment Grade Credit Fund
MM MD2 Station Member LLC
MM National IOS Program Member LLC
MM National Self-Storage Program Member II LLC
MMV Climate Technology Fund GP
MM REED District Landco Member LLC
MM Sedona Vortex Investor LLC
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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
MM SL Willistown LLC
MM Subline Borrower LLC
MM The Gilman Member LLC
MM Tokyo BTR1 LLC
MM Tokyo BTR1 LLC – Project Zeus
MMLIC Australia BAST LLC
MMLIC Australia BSOT LLC
SBNP SIA IV LLC
Washington Pine LLC
PDX SW Third Hotel Owner LLC
Trailside MM Member LLC
Washington Gateway Two LLC
Washington Gateway Three LLC
MALIC Debt Participations LLC
Invesco Ltd
Babson Capital Loan Strategies Master Fund LP
Barings China Aggregate Bond Private Securities Investment Fund
Barings Global High Yield Fund
Great Lakes II LLC
Wood Creek Venture Fund LLC
Barings California Mortgage Fund IV
Barings Umbrella Fund LUX SCSp SICAV RAIF
Calgary Railway Holding LLC
Cornbrook PRS Holdings LLC
Cornerstone California Mortgage Fund I LLC
Cornerstone California Mortgage Fund II LLC
Cornerstone California Mortgage Fund III LLC
Cornerstone Fort Pierce Development LLC
Cornerstone Permanent Mortgage Fund II
Cornerstone Permanent Mortgage Fund III LLC
Cornerstone Permanent Mortgage Fund IV
Danville Riverwalk Venture, LLC
Euro Real Estate Holdings LLC
Fan Pier Development LLC
GIA EU Holdings LLC - Avalon Spain
GIA EU Holdings LLC- GIA Italy SCSp
GIA EU Holdings LLC
Landmark Manchester Holdings LLC
MMLIC Debt Participations LLC
MM Brookhaven Member LLC
MM Ascend Mtg. Lending LLC
MM Kannapolis Industrial Member LLC
MM East South Crossing Member LLC
MM Fremont Member LLC
MM Horizon Savannah Member LLC
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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
MM Horizon Savannah Member II LLC
MM Ironhead Commerce Center
BRAVA5 MM Investor LLC
BRAVA5 MALIC Investor LLC
MM Ironhead Commerce Center Member LLC
MM 425 Montgomery Member LLC
MM 550 Corporate Member LLC
MM Ascend DS Investor LLC
MM Century Square LLC
MM Horizon Savannah Member III LLC
MM Liberty Centre LLC
MM National Self-Storage Program Member LLC
MM Park City Investor LLC
MM ReDiscover Member LLC
MM Liberty Centre Member LLC
MM Century Square Member LLC
MM Stowe Investor LLC
MM Virginian Investor LLC
MM 340 Madison Member LLC
MM 1370 AVE OF AM LLC
MM 1400 E 4th Street Member LLC
Miami Douglas Four MM LLC
MM Five50West Member LLC
MM Breton Village Member LLC
One Harbor Shore LLC
Paco France Logistics LLC
Salomon Brothers Commercial Mortgage Trust 2001-MM
Trailside MM Member II LLC
Unna, Dortmund Holding LLC
Washington Gateway Apartments Venture LLC
West 37th Street Hotel LLC
MassMutual Select Small Capital Value Equity Fund
MML Series II Dynamic Bond Fund
MML SER INVT FD II ISHARES 80/20 ALLOCATION FD
MassMutual ishares 60/40 Allocation Fund
MassMutual Blue Chip Growth Fund
MassMutual Core Bond Fund
MassMutual Diversified Value Fund
MassMutual Inflation-Protected and Income Fund
MassMutual Mid Cap Growth Fund
MassMutual Premier Diversified Bond Fund
MassMutual Select Overseas Fund
MassMutual High Yield Fund

104    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
Information regarding filings of Subsidiaries and Controlled Affiliates

The following presents certain information regarding the Company’s valuation filings for controlled affiliates of the Company:

As of December 31, 2025
CUSIP
Gross Value
Non-admitted
Admitted
Latest Filing
2024 Approved Valuation
Filing Code
Valuation Method Disallowed?
($ In Millions)
MassMutual Holding LLC
57543#-11-8
$ 16,133  $ —  $ 16,133  8/18/2025 $ 17,248 
Sub-2
No
The MassMutual Trust Co, FSB
57631@-10-5
26  —  26 
7/8/2025
27 
Sub-2
No
MM Investment Holding
G5695#12-4
— 
7/8/2025
Sub-2
No
MM Investment Holding
G5695#10-8
769  —  769 
7/8/2025
758 
Sub-2
No
MM Investment Holding
G5695#11-6
1,289  —  1,289 
7/8/2025
1,239 
Sub-2
No
Glidepath Holdings Inc
37930@-10-5
4,807  —  4,807 
2/9/2026
4,716 
Sub-2
No
Yungen Financial Group Y9880R10-9 158  —  158  — 
Aggregate Total
$ 23,184  $ —  $ 23,184  $ 23,990 

19.     Subsequent events

Management of the Company has evaluated subsequent events through February 26, 2026, the date the financial statements were available to be issued to state regulators and subsequently on the Company’s website. No events have occurred subsequent to the date of the financial statements, except for:

On January 22, 2026, MassMutual issued a $1 billion funding agreement with a 3-year maturity; $600 million with a fixed rate of 4.0% and $400 million with a floating rate based on the SOFR plus spread.

On February 4, 2026, MassMutual issued a CHF 200 million funding agreement with a 0.54% fixed rate and a 3-year maturity.

On November 17, 2025, MassMutual announced that MS&AD Insurance Group Holdings, Inc., through its subsidiary Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Co., Ltd., agreed to acquire an 18% equity interest in Barings for approximately $1.44 billion. MassMutual will retain an 82% ownership stake and continue to maintain governance control over Barings. The transaction is subject to customary regulatory approvals and is expected to close in the first half of 2026.

On December 21, 2025, Janus Henderson Group plc (Janus Henderson), Trian Fund Management, L.P. and its affiliated funds (Trian), and General Catalyst Group Management, LLC and its affiliated funds (General Catalyst), announced that they have entered into a definitive agreement under which Janus Henderson will be acquired by Trian and General Catalyst in an all-cash transaction at an equity value of approximately $7.4 billion. The transaction will be funded in part by investment vehicles managed by Trian and General Catalyst, supported by financing commitments from global investors including, Qatar Investment Authority and Sun Hung Kai & Co. Limited, as well as MassMutual, and others. The Company expects to make a preferred stock investment up to $1.0 billion.

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MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
20.     Impairment listing for loan-backed and structured securities

The following are the total cumulative adjustments and impairments for loan-backed and structured securities since July 1, 2009:

Period Ended Amortized Cost before Cumulative Adjustment Cumulative Adjustment Amortized Cost before OTTI Projected Cash Flow Recognized
OTTI
Amortized Cost
after OTTI
Fair Value
December 31, 2025 $ 263,326,282  $ —  $ 263,326,282  $ 167,251,882  $ (96,074,400) $ 167,251,882  $ 197,603,866 
September 30, 2025 11,501,969  —  11,501,969  5,487,289  (6,014,680) 5,487,289  1,227,345 
June 30, 2025 4,240,593  —  4,240,593  3,970,364  (270,229) 3,970,364  3,852,115 
March 31, 2025 39,862,354  —  39,862,354  28,301,166  (11,561,188) 28,301,166  27,669,096 
December 31, 2024 22,493,605  —  22,493,605  15,603,907  (6,889,698) 15,603,907  14,525,080 
September 30, 2024 9,854,964  —  9,854,964  8,633,308  (1,221,656) 8,633,308  8,589,373 
June 30, 2024 54,957,279  —  54,957,279  49,033,522  (5,923,757) 49,033,522  36,231,196 
March 31, 2024 36,924,401  —  36,924,401  33,979,195  (2,945,206) 33,979,195  33,244,880 
December 31, 2023 53,672,524  —  53,672,524  51,118,891  (2,553,633) 51,118,891  42,903,097 
September 30, 2023 24,928,010  —  24,928,010  24,065,666  (862,344) 24,065,666  21,743,474 
June 30, 2023 16,432,523  —  16,432,523  15,955,963  (476,560) 15,955,963  15,431,923 
March 31, 2023 56,797,193  —  56,797,193  45,999,577  (10,797,616) 45,999,577  39,477,567 
December 31, 2022 47,152,655  —  47,152,655  42,630,344  (4,522,311) 42,630,344  35,962,545 
September 30, 2022 23,315,048  —  23,315,048  22,016,070  (1,298,978) 22,016,070  19,284,696 
June 30, 2022 17,306,639  —  17,306,639  15,826,391  (1,480,248) 15,826,391  13,534,918 
March 31, 2022 30,135,997  —  30,135,997  23,857,778  (6,278,219) 23,857,778  23,674,371 
December 31, 2021 6,658,614  —  6,658,614  6,490,508  (168,106) 6,490,508  6,369,198 
September 30, 2021 4,061,382  —  4,061,382  3,955,723  (105,659) 3,955,723  3,595,213 
June 30, 2021 11,352,643  —  11,352,643  10,386,581  (966,062) 10,386,581  11,323,900 
March 31, 2021 11,247,256  —  11,247,256  5,074,493  (6,172,763) 5,074,493  5,237,174 
December 31, 2020 16,071,907  —  16,071,907  14,674,300  (1,397,607) 14,674,300  15,473,517 
September 30, 2020 21,375,383  —  21,375,383  19,160,250  (2,215,133) 19,160,250  18,862,027 
June 30, 2020 10,180,123  —  10,180,123  8,992,610  (1,187,513) 8,992,610  9,249,851 
March 31, 2020 24,799,788  —  24,799,788  20,197,344  (4,602,444) 20,197,344  24,683,947 
December 31, 2019 3,992,400  —  3,992,400  3,539,281  (453,119) 3,539,281  3,439,138 
September 30, 2019 16,909,029  —  16,909,029  15,191,932  (1,717,097) 15,191,932  14,639,756 
June 30, 2019 6,980,030  —  6,980,030  6,187,029  (793,001) 6,187,029  7,133,620 
March 31, 2019 7,791,000  —  7,791,000  7,634,637  (156,363) 7,634,637  7,683,021 
December 31, 2018 4,550,173  —  4,550,173  3,815,559  (734,614) 3,815,559  4,014,514 
September 30, 2018 4,320,826  —  4,320,826  3,663,181  (657,645) 3,663,181  3,687,297 
June 30, 2018 634,235  —  634,235  279,221  (355,014) 279,221  386,752 
March 31, 2018 645,690  —  645,690  488,181  (157,509) 488,181  448,494 
December 31, 2017 3,949,513  —  3,949,513  1,958,759  (1,990,754) 1,958,759  2,023,952 
September 30, 2017 4,436,542  —  4,436,542  876,942  (3,559,600) 876,942  4,647,683 
June 30, 2017 40,538,551  —  40,538,551  39,808,956  (729,595) 39,808,956  60,990,732 
March 31, 2017 41,788,380  —  41,788,380  41,391,889  (396,491) 41,391,889  56,156,936 
December 31, 2016 42,175,938  —  42,175,938  42,045,721  (130,217) 42,045,721  54,619,477 
September 30, 2016 44,266,478  —  44,266,478  41,890,535  (2,375,943) 41,890,535  61,300,066 
June 30, 2016 49,097,217  —  49,097,217  48,202,703  (894,514) 48,202,703  63,207,410 
March 31, 2016 57,985,071  —  57,985,071  55,783,979  (2,201,092) 55,783,979  70,578,397 
December 31, 2015 4,881,394  —  4,881,394  4,783,194  (98,200) 4,783,194  4,728,736 
September 30, 2015 50,531,382  —  50,531,382  45,665,859  (4,865,523) 45,665,859  58,523,652 
June 30, 2015 66,924,927  —  66,924,927  65,240,585  (1,684,342) 65,240,585  72,953,475 
March 31, 2015 17,856,447  —  17,856,447  17,681,510  (174,937) 17,681,510  17,553,999 
December 31, 2014 69,225,743  —  69,225,743  68,301,291  (924,452) 68,301,291  79,410,553 
September 30, 2014 645,721  —  645,721  604,437  (41,284) 604,437  627,381 
June 30, 2014 57,012,606  —  57,012,606  55,422,168  (1,590,438) 55,422,168  75,253,388 
March 31, 2014 91,702,041  —  91,702,041  80,744,074  (10,957,967) 80,744,074  97,672,071 
December 31, 2013 113,707,951  —  113,707,951  108,815,640  (4,892,311) 108,815,640  111,783,052 
September 30, 2013 81,945,730  —  81,945,730  80,589,482  (1,356,248) 80,589,482  77,049,314 
June 30, 2013 147,215,936  —  147,215,936  142,140,572  (5,075,364) 142,140,572  130,973,023 
March 31, 2013 194,772,025  —  194,772,025  188,372,089  (6,399,936) 188,372,089  176,678,910 
December 31, 2012 378,096,660  —  378,096,660  366,323,110  (11,773,550) 366,323,110  333,086,073 
September 30, 2012 816,573,456  —  816,573,456  788,350,823  (28,222,633) 788,350,823  697,683,289 
June 30, 2012 912,025,937  —  912,025,937  890,494,221  (21,531,716) 890,494,221  708,872,106 
March 31, 2012 1,095,018,529  —  1,095,018,529  1,058,132,041  (36,886,488) 1,058,132,041  841,095,013 
December 31, 2011 1,090,904,993  —  1,090,904,993  1,056,761,288  (34,143,705) 1,056,761,288  754,310,838 
106    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
September 30, 2011 762,320,632  —  762,320,632  738,510,048  (23,810,584) 738,510,048  546,494,232 
June 30, 2011 1,130,732,656  —  1,130,732,656  1,078,535,670  (52,196,986) 1,078,535,670  839,143,290 
March 31, 2011 1,097,705,351  —  1,097,705,351  1,068,852,204  (28,853,147) 1,068,852,204  816,688,348 
December 31, 2010 968,742,508  —  968,742,508  950,111,417  (18,631,091) 950,111,417  708,895,637 
September 30, 2010 915,728,030  —  915,728,030  889,896,058  (25,831,972) 889,896,058  673,462,493 
June 30, 2010 1,362,887,892  —  1,362,887,892  1,335,628,212  (27,259,680) 1,335,628,212  975,241,506 
March 31, 2010 1,471,905,696  —  1,471,905,696  1,391,337,543  (80,568,153) 1,391,337,543  1,015,645,802 
December 31, 2009 1,349,124,214  —  1,349,124,214  1,290,817,168  (58,307,046) 1,290,817,168  852,088,739 
September 30, 2009 2,953,442,689  (106,853,708) 2,846,588,981  2,700,948,264  (145,640,717) 2,700,948,264  1,692,409,640 
Totals $ (106,853,708) $ (825,007,048)

The following contains asset-backed and structured securities that recognized OTTI classified on the following bases for recognizing OTTI:

Amortized Cost Basis Before
OTTI Impairment
OTTI Recognized in Loss
Interest
Non-interest
Fair Value
(In Millions)
OTTI recognized in the first quarter
Intent to sell
$ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Inability or lack of intent to retain the investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to recover the amortized cost basis
40  —  12  28 
Total first quarter $ 40  $ —  $ 12  $ 28 
OTTI recognized in the second quarter
Intent to sell
$ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Inability or lack of intent to retain the investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to recover the amortized cost basis
—  — 
Total second quarter $ $ —  $ —  $
OTTI recognized in the third quarter
Intent to sell
$ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Inability or lack of intent to retain the investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to recover the amortized cost basis
12  — 
Total third quarter $ 12  $ —  $ $
OTTI recognized in the fourth quarter
Intent to sell
$ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Inability or lack of intent to retain the investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to recover the amortized cost basis
263  —  96  167 
Total fourth quarter $ 263  $ —  $ 96  $ 167 
Annual aggregate total
$ —  $ 114 

All impairments were taken due to the present value of cash flows expected to be collected being less than the amortized cost basis.
107    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
The following is a CUSIP detail list of impaired structured securities where the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
CUSIP
Adjusted Carrying Value Amortized Cost before OTTI
Present Value of Projected Cash Flow
Recognized
OTTI
Amortized Cost
after OTTI
Fair Value at Time of OTTI
Date of Financial Instrument Where Reported
12591KAK1 $ 2,522,379  $ 146,877  $ 2,375,502  $ 146,877  $ 124,746  March 31, 2025
12624SAE9 248,748  110,461  138,287  110,461  98,365  March 31, 2025
36192RAL6 1,551,160  90,269  1,460,891  90,269  89,025  March 31, 2025
46639YAX5 4,586,035  556,702  4,029,333  556,702  485,515  March 31, 2025
040104TF8 34,691  32,812  1,879  32,812  32,430  March 31, 2025
04012XAC9 118,897  111,231  7,666  111,231  109,745  March 31, 2025
12479DAC2 1,401,484  1,191,041  210,443  1,191,041  1,197,453  March 31, 2025
1248MGAJ3 37,490  31,642  5,848  31,642  30,707  March 31, 2025
17311YAC7 1,141,895  1,011,829  130,066  1,011,829  1,005,185  March 31, 2025
30247DAD3 466,662  454,606  12,056  454,606  453,035  March 31, 2025
35729RAE6 3,352,329  3,071,627  280,702  3,071,627  2,989,992  March 31, 2025
40431KAE0 1,891,530  1,867,901  23,629  1,867,901  1,858,939  March 31, 2025
46629NAC7 30,472  26,243  4,229  26,243  26,040  March 31, 2025
46630KAA4 135,020  132,318  2,702  132,318  133,052  March 31, 2025
57643LMP8 589,786  563,237  26,549  563,237  559,730  March 31, 2025
617463AA2 7,401  7,391  10  7,391  6,264  March 31, 2025
61750MAB1 2,890  2,825  65  2,825  2,801  March 31, 2025
61757MAB4 1,725,577  1,519,928  205,649  1,519,928  1,357,104  March 31, 2025
86363HAB8 30,993  27,056  3,937  27,056  26,975  March 31, 2025
05535DAN4 415,847  372,365  43,482  372,365  395,389  March 31, 2025
12667GKG7 37,835  37,336  499  37,336  37,191  March 31, 2025
12669FKR3 29,890  28,642  1,248  28,642  28,822  March 31, 2025
18974BAA7 110,444  107,107  3,337  107,107  106,506  March 31, 2025
22541NUB3 128,939  23,799  105,140  23,799  33,947  March 31, 2025
22943HAD8 3,018,787  1,546,388  1,472,399  1,546,388  1,478,700  March 31, 2025
251510FB4 913,345  894,538  18,807  894,538  889,965  March 31, 2025
32053LAA0 14,933  14,019  914  14,019  13,988  March 31, 2025
45254TRX4 47,367  43,619  3,748  43,619  43,547  March 31, 2025
45660LYW3 623,135  561,324  61,811  561,324  565,004  March 31, 2025
466247XE8 591,715  419,365  172,350  419,365  414,726  March 31, 2025
65535VRK6 423,317  365,711  57,606  365,711  356,789  March 31, 2025
75115DAH8 2,809  2,522  287  2,522  2,507  March 31, 2025
761118FM5 1,263,358  1,249,033  14,325  1,249,033  1,187,830  March 31, 2025
761118RJ9 57,864  56,661  1,203  56,661  56,265  March 31, 2025
85554NAG5 42,648  39,744  2,904  39,744  39,702  March 31, 2025
86358HHX0 76,292  54,864  21,428  54,864  54,655  March 31, 2025
86359BLQ2 563,115  462,214  100,901  462,214  488,829  March 31, 2025
92978EAA2 72,298  62,785  9,513  62,785  61,254  March 31, 2025
93935PAH2 105,569  103,242  2,327  103,242  102,522  March 31, 2025
23332UCM4 14,705  14,499  206  14,499  14,471  March 31, 2025
41161PTP8 147,426  138,290  9,136  138,290  137,423  March 31, 2025
45660N5H4 930,508  891,303  39,205  891,303  887,231  March 31, 2025
45660NT88 12,754  12,017  737  12,017  11,543  March 31, 2025
86360UAF3 781,063  660,195  120,868  660,195  652,812  March 31, 2025
12669GTE1 3,216  3,132  84  3,132  3,392  March 31, 2025
32051DCJ9 15,503  15,444  59  15,444  15,423  March 31, 2025
362341VU0 1,141,358  1,083,000  58,358  1,083,000  1,052,829  March 31, 2025
36298XAA0 3,898,283  3,779,774  118,509  3,779,774  3,774,883  March 31, 2025
36298XAB8 3,874,410  3,684,784  189,626  3,684,784  3,679,498  March 31, 2025
576433NH5 255,668  247,477  8,191  247,477  123,743  March 31, 2025
5899292N7 22,441  22,348  93  22,348  22,324  March 31, 2025
589929N38 59,285  58,382  903  58,382  58,287  March 31, 2025
86359DME4 290,788  289,247  1,541  289,247  289,996  March 31, 2025
17311YAC7 1,013,708  1,013,177  531  1,013,177  980,490  June 30. 2025
05535DAN4 361,141  360,499  642  360,499  377,588  June 30. 2025
073879QF8 161,432  126,012  35,420  126,012  133,184  June 30. 2025
124860CB1 3,325  2,439  886  2,439  2,437  June 30. 2025
22541N5E5 88,816  71,950  16,866  71,950  62,343  June 30. 2025
45660LYW3 564,025  560,760  3,265  560,760  563,901  June 30. 2025
108    

MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued
761118FM5 1,256,693  1,256,647  46  1,256,647  1,194,692  June 30. 2025
79548KXQ6 212,046  5,037  207,009  5,037  2,194  June 30. 2025
79549AYB9 4,228  1,281  2,947  1,281  1,061  June 30. 2025
86359BLQ2 471,481  468,869  2,612  468,869  431,758  June 30. 2025
93935PAH2 103,698  103,693  103,693  102,467  June 30. 2025
46590LBG6 10,206,860  4,266,932  5,939,928  4,266,932  —  September 30, 2025
02660THL0 153,147  95,782  57,365  95,782  95,727  September 30, 2025
93934XAB9 103,425  103,260  165  103,260  107,912  September 30, 2025
18974BAA7 105,946  105,554  392  105,554  101,892  September 30, 2025
251510FB4 868,298  858,175  10,123  858,175  864,888  September 30, 2025
75115DAH8 2,434  2,423  11  2,423  2,407  September 30, 2025
761118RJ9 61,859  55,163  6,696  55,163  54,519  September 30, 2025
08161CAR2 47,606,395  39,774,652  7,831,743  39,774,652  42,337,681  December 31,2025
08161CAT8 15,957,258  1,836,045  14,121,213  1,836,045  12,244,841  December 31,2025
08161CAV3 14,887,657  —  14,887,657  —  905,844  December 31,2025
08161HAS9 32,624,666  30,613,398  2,011,268  30,613,398  30,670,885  December 31,2025
08161HAU4 17,877,290  2,661,306  15,215,984  2,661,306  16,673,474  December 31,2025
08161HAW0 8,713,294  983,249  7,730,045  983,249  8,069,682  December 31,2025
08162UAE0 22,051,673  21,827,421  224,252  21,827,421  20,091,912  December 31,2025
08162UAG5 18,033,464  16,656,654  1,376,810  16,656,654  17,537,652  December 31,2025
08162UAJ9 7,808,258  6,956,016  852,242  6,956,016  3,712,988  December 31,2025
46590LBC5 29,681,455  —  29,681,455  —  1,076,847  December 31,2025
465968AP0 24,147,068  23,931,845  215,223  23,931,845  21,463,935  December 31,2025
465968AR6 13,163,192  12,720,870  442,322  12,720,870  12,648,924  December 31,2025
465968AT2 7,058,550  5,674,904  1,383,646  5,674,904  6,603,623  December 31,2025
040104TF8 38,463  32,333  6,130  32,333  30,116  December 31,2025
30247DAD3 480,323  438,249  42,074  438,249  435,867  December 31,2025
35729RAE6 3,027,365  2,992,100  35,265  2,992,100  2,968,671  December 31,2025
46629NAC7 27,522  26,648  874  26,648  24,848  December 31,2025
86359DXD4 139,261  123,064  16,197  123,064  102,689  December 31,2025
12669GTE1 3,128  3,128  —  3,128  3,387  December 31,2025
Totals
$ 318,931,198  $ 205,010,701  $ 113,920,497  $ 205,010,701  $ 230,352,422  XXX
109