v3.26.1
N-2
Mar. 19, 2026
USD ($)
shares
Cover [Abstract]  
Entity Central Index Key 0002067955
Amendment Flag false
Entity Inv Company Type N-2
Securities Act File Number 333-287486
Investment Company Act File Number 811-24092
Document Type N-2/A
Document Registration Statement true
Pre-Effective Amendment true
Pre-Effective Amendment Number 3
Post-Effective Amendment false
Investment Company Act Registration true
Investment Company Registration Amendment true
Investment Company Registration Amendment Number 3
Entity Registrant Name Diameter Dynamic Credit Fund
Entity Address, Address Line One 50 Hudson Yards
Entity Address, Address Line Two Suite 6600A
Entity Address, City or Town New York
Entity Address, State or Province NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 10001
City Area Code 833
Local Phone Number 891-0802
Approximate Date of Commencement of Proposed Sale to Public As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement
Dividend or Interest Reinvestment Plan Only false
Delayed or Continuous Offering true
Primary Shelf [Flag] false
Effective Upon Filing, 462(e) false
Additional Securities Effective, 413(b) false
Effective when Declared, Section 8(c) false
New Effective Date for Previous Filing false
Additional Securities. 462(b) false
No Substantive Changes, 462(c) false
Exhibits Only, 462(d) false
Registered Closed-End Fund [Flag] true
Business Development Company [Flag] false
Interval Fund [Flag] true
Primary Shelf Qualified [Flag] false
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer No
Entity Emerging Growth Company false
New CEF or BDC Registrant [Flag] true
Fee Table [Abstract]  
Shareholder Transaction Expenses [Table Text Block]
    
Class A
Shares
   
Class I
Shares
 
Shareholder Transaction Expenses (Fees Paid Directly From Your Investment):
    
Maximum Sales Charge (Load)
(1)
    
N/A
     
N/A
 
Maximum Early Repurchase Deduction
(2)
    
2.00
   
2.00
(1)
No upfront sales load will be paid with respect to Class A Shares or Class I Shares. However, if an investor buys Class A Shares through certain financial intermediaries, such intermediaries may directly charge the investor transaction fees or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amounts as they may determine, provided that selling agents limit such charges to a 2.00% cap on NAV for Class A Shares. Selling agents will not charge such fees on Class I Shares. Please consult the applicable selling agent for additional information.
(2)
A 2% early repurchase fee payable to the Fund will be charged with respect to the repurchase of a shareholder’s Common Shares at any time prior to the day immediately preceding the
one-year
anniversary of a shareholder’s purchase of the Common Shares (on a “first
in-first
out” basis) (the “Early Repurchase Deduction”). The
one-year
holding period will be satisfied if at least one year has elapsed from (a) the issuance date of the applicable Common Shares to (b) the subscription date immediately following the Repurchase Pricing Date used in the repurchase of such Common Shares. The Early Repurchase Deduction may be waived in the case of repurchase requests arising from the death, divorce or qualified disability of the holder; in the event that a shareholder’s Common Shares are repurchased because the shareholder has failed to maintain the $500 minimum account balance; due to trade or operational error; and repurchases of Common Shares submitted by discretionary model portfolio management programs (and similar arrangements) as approved by the Fund. The Early Repurchase Deduction will be retained by the Fund for the benefit of remaining shareholders.
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]  
Annual Expenses [Table Text Block]
Annual Expenses (as a Percentage of Net Assets Attributable to our Shares)
(3)
    
Management Fee
(4)
    
1.56
   
1.56
Shareholder Servicing and/or Distribution Fees
(5)
    
0.75
   
None
 
Fees and Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds
(6)
    
0.84
   
0.84
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses
(6)
    
0.00
   
0.00
Other Expenses
(6)
    
0.71
   
0.71
Total Annual Expenses
    
3.86
   
3.11
Less: Amount Paid or Absorbed Under Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement
(7)
    
0.00
   
0.00
Net Annual Expenses
(7)
    
3.86
   
3.11
(3)
This table summarizes the expenses of the Fund and is designed to help investors understand the costs and expenses they will bear, directly or indirectly, by investing in the Fund. The figures in this table assume an average Managed Assets (defined below) of $750 million. For purposes of determining net assets in fee table calculations, derivatives are valued at market value.
(4)
The Management Fee will be paid to the Adviser in an amount equal to 1.25% of the Fund’s average daily Managed Assets, payable quarterly in arrears. “Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to borrowings for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Fund’s accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing borrowings for investment purposes). The Management Fee will decrease the net profits or increase the net losses of the Fund. Because the Adviser’s Management
Fee is based on Managed Assets, the Management Fee will be higher if the Fund utilizes leverage. The investment management fee figure shown in the table above is computed as a percentage of the Fund’s net assets, which differs from the Fund’s Managed Assets, and accordingly the figure shown in the table above differs from the Fund’s Management Fee rate.
(5)
Investors may pay a shareholder servicing and distribution fee for
Class
A Shares equal to 0.75% per annum of the average daily value of the Fund’s net assets for the Class A Shares, accrued daily and payable monthly. Payment of the shareholder servicing and distribution fee will be governed by the Fund’s distribution and service plan (the “Distribution and Service Plan”) for Class A Shares, which, pursuant to the conditions of an exemptive order issued by the SEC, has been adopted by the Fund with respect to Class A Shares in compliance with Rule
12b-1
under the Investment Company Act. Class I Shares are not subject to any shareholder servicing and distribution fees. See “
Plan of Distribution
”.
(6)
Fees and Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds, “Other Expenses” (as defined below), and Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses represent estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses will be indirectly borne by the Fund’s shareholders. “Other Expenses” include administration, accounting, legal and auditing fees, transfer agency, organization and offering expenses and fees payable to the Fund’s Trustees. The amount presented in the table estimates the amounts the Fund expects to pay for the current fiscal year.
(7)
The Adviser has entered into an expense limitation and reimbursement agreement (the “Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement”) with the Fund, whereby the Adviser has agreed to waive the Management Fee and/or to assume or reimburse expenses of the Fund (a “Waiver”), if required to ensure the total annual expenses (excluding the Management Fee; any taxes; fees and interest payments on borrowed funds; shareholder servicing and distribution fees; brokerage and distribution costs and expenses; acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with SEC Form
N-2);
expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization; and extraordinary or
non-routine
expenses, such as litigation expenses) (“Total Annual Expenses”) do not exceed 0.75% of the average daily net assets of Class A Shares and Class I Shares (the “Expense Limit”). Because the Management Fee; taxes; fees and interest payments on borrowed funds; shareholder servicing and distribution fees; brokerage and distribution costs and expenses; acquired fund fees and expenses; expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization; and extraordinary or
non-routine
expenses are excluded from the Expense Limit, the expenses that investors in the Fund will ultimately be responsible to bear for the current fiscal year (after fee waivers and expense reimbursements) are expected to exceed the Expense Limit. The Net Annual Expenses are estimated to be approximately 3.86% (including the 0.75% shareholder servicing and distribution fee) for Class A Shares and 3.11% for Class I Shares. For a period not to exceed three years from the date on which a Waiver is made, the Adviser may recoup amounts waived or assumed, provided it is able to effect such recoupment and remain in compliance with the Expense Limit in place at the time of the Waiver and the current Expense Limit. Unless earlier terminated by the Board, the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement has an initial
two-year
term. The Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement may be renewed at the Adviser’s discretion for consecutive one-year terms thereafter. The Adviser may not terminate the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement during the initial term. After the initial term, the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement may be terminated, without the payment of any penalty, by the Fund at any time, with or without notice, or by the Adviser upon thirty days’ written notice prior to the end of the then current term.
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Expense Example [Table Text Block]
Example
The following example is intended to help investors compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The example assumes a $1,000 investment and that all distributions are reinvested at NAV and that the percentage amounts listed under annual expenses remain the same in the years shown. The expenses in the example do not reach the Expense Limit. If they did, Waivers in connection with the expense limitation for the 1 Year period and the first two years of the 3 Years, 5 Years and 10 Years periods would be reflected. The assumption in the hypothetical example of a 5% annual return is the same as that required by regulation of the SEC applicable to all registered investment companies.
The assumed 5% annual return is not a prediction of, and does not represent, the projected or actual performance of the Common Shares.
 
    
1 Year
    
3 Years
    
5 Years
    
10 Years
 
Class A Shares
  
$
40
    
$
120
    
$
202
    
$
415
 
Class I Shares
  
$
32
      
$97
    
$
165
    
$
346
 
While the example assumes a $1,000 investment and a 5% annual return on investment before fees and expenses, the Fund’s performance will vary and may result in an annual return that is greater or less than this. The example above excludes the Early Repurchase Deduction which would apply if Shares were repurchased within one year of their purchase. If an investor’s Common Shares are repurchased within one year of their purchase, the Common Shares would incur the 2.00% Early Repurchase Deduction. This example should not be considered a representation of any particular shareholder’s future expenses.
Purpose of Fee Table , Note [Text Block] The following tables describe the aggregate fees and expenses that the Fund expects to incur and that the shareholders can expect to bear, either directly or indirectly, through the Fund’s investments. More information about these and other discounts is available from an investor’s financial professional and in the section titled “
Plan of Distribution
”.
Basis of Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block] Fees Paid Directly From Your Investment
Other Expenses, Note [Text Block] Fees and Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds, “Other Expenses” (as defined below), and Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses represent estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses will be indirectly borne by the Fund’s shareholders. “Other Expenses” include administration, accounting, legal and auditing fees, transfer agency, organization and offering expenses and fees payable to the Fund’s Trustees. The amount presented in the table estimates the amounts the Fund expects to pay for the current fiscal year.
Management Fee not based on Net Assets, Note [Text Block]
(4)
The Management Fee will be paid to the Adviser in an amount equal to 1.25% of the Fund’s average daily Managed Assets, payable quarterly in arrears. “Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to borrowings for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Fund’s accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing borrowings for investment purposes). The Management Fee will decrease the net profits or increase the net losses of the Fund. Because the Adviser’s Management
Fee is based on Managed Assets, the Management Fee will be higher if the Fund utilizes leverage. The investment management fee figure shown in the table above is computed as a percentage of the Fund’s net assets, which differs from the Fund’s Managed Assets, and accordingly the figure shown in the table above differs from the Fund’s Management Fee rate.
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, Note [Text Block] Fees and Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds, “Other Expenses” (as defined below), and Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses represent estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses will be indirectly borne by the Fund’s shareholders. “Other Expenses” include administration, accounting, legal and auditing fees, transfer agency, organization and offering expenses and fees payable to the Fund’s Trustees. The amount presented in the table estimates the amounts the Fund expects to pay for the current fiscal year.
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Investment Objectives and Practices [Text Block]
THE FUND’S INVESTMENTS
Investment Objective and Strategies
Investment Objective.
The Fund’s investment objective is to seek to generate current income and provide attractive risk-adjusted returns. There can be no assurances that the Fund’s investment objective will be achieved or that the Fund’s investment program will be successful.
Investment Strategy.
To pursue its objective, the Fund will invest in a wide range of credit-related products in both the public and private credit sectors and will aim to dynamically adjust its portfolio exposures depending on the market environment. The Fund’s investment strategy will focus on three credit-related strategies: (1) a Performing Corporate Credit strategy, which includes pursuing investments in performing first and second lien bank loans (including broadly syndicated loans), secured and unsecured high yield bonds and investment grade bonds, (2) a Structured Credit strategy, which includes pursuing investments in structured credit products, including tranches of collateralized debt and loan obligations, asset backed securities, other securitizations and risk transfer or regulatory capital relief transactions and (3) a Private Credit strategy, which includes pursuing direct lending and related investments, which will largely consist of investments in the debt of private, primarily U.S. domiciled, sponsored and non-sponsored middle-market and upper middle-market companies. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest directly or indirectly at least 80% of its total assets (net assets plus borrowings for investment purposes) in credit instruments (including, but not limited to, loans, bonds, structured credit investments and other credit instruments) of varying maturities. The Fund may invest in non-U.S. securities, emerging markets and derivatives, and may also invest in additional strategies in the future. This 80% investment policy is not fundamental and may be changed by the Fund’s Board without shareholder approval and upon sixty (60) days’ notice to shareholders.
Performing Corporate Credit Strategy
. As part of its overall investment strategy and approach, the Fund will pursue investments in performing first and second lien bank loans (including broadly syndicated loans), secured and unsecured high yield bonds and investment grade bonds. The Adviser aims to capitalize on its expertise investing across the full credit spectrum, from new issue and performing to stressed, distressed and special situation equities to identify what it believes to be attractive performing credit and
credit-related
opportunities for the Fund while also seeking to identify any potential downside risk. The Adviser believes that its approach to combining its expertise in trading and research allows it to identify the early development of any potential microcycles in order to dynamically trade certain positions as fundamentals unfold.
Structured Credit Strategy.
As a part of its overall investment strategy and approach, the Fund will also seek to invest in structured credit products, including tranches of collateralized debt and loan obligations, asset backed securities, other securitizations and risk transfer or regulatory capital relief transactions such as credit default swaps or credit-linked notes issued or structured by banks seeking to reduce the amount of regulatory capital they must hold against credit exposures. The Adviser may invest in various tranches, from senior tranches to the “equity” tranche or “residual”. The Adviser believes that its approach to fundamentally analyzing the underlying credits of a given structured credit portfolio gives it an advantage over a model-driven investor’s approach to investing in structured credit products.
Private Credit Strategy.
As a part of its overall investment strategy and approach and depending on the market environment, the Fund is planning to invest approximately 30 - 40% of its total assets in the private credit strategy, which includes direct lending and related investments. These investments will largely consist of investments in the debt of private, primarily U.S. domiciled, sponsored and
non-sponsored
middle-market and upper middle-market companies. While there is no universally agreed definition of “middle-market”, we generally use the term to refer to companies with annual EBITDA between approximately $25 million and $125 million. We generally refer to companies with annual EBITDA equal to or greater than approximately $125 million as “upper middle-market companies”. Sponsored companies are typically owned by a private equity firm. Diameter has broad expertise and experience investing at all levels of a company’s capital structure, and its
 
investment team has worked diligently over many years to build strategic relationships with global investment banks, financial intermediaries, private equity sponsors and other alternative investment firms, trading desks, financial advisers, corporates and existing investors. The Adviser believes that the breadth of Diameter’s platform and the strength of Diameter’s connectivity can help provide the Adviser with a competitive advantage in sourcing investment opportunities for the Fund. The Adviser expects that it will be able to leverage these relationships into multiple and varied origination channels to find and execute attractive investment opportunities for the Fund.
The Adviser will focus on companies that it considers to be high quality, performing borrowers in stable or growing industries (i.e., industries that have experienced stable rates of earnings or industries that have experienced above-average rates of earnings growth). The Adviser’s process will prioritize borrower quality and capital preservation over yield, to select investments that offer current income.
Some of the debt may be directly originated by the Adviser or an affiliate, meaning that the Adviser or such affiliate will negotiate and structure material terms of the transaction other than just the price. Alternatively, the Adviser or an affiliate may participate in transactions where third parties are equally or more involved in the negotiation and structuring with the company, including club deals, or transactions with a bank or advisor acting as an intermediary.
It is expected that most of the investments within the private credit strategy will be composed of first lien loans to U.S. borrowers, but that may fluctuate from time to time.
The Adviser believes that investments in middle-market and upper middle-market companies will allow the Fund to target a class of borrowers whose financing needs may be overlooked in the current private credit markets, as incumbent asset managers target underwriting to large borrowers. Further, the Adviser believes that investments in both sponsored and
non-sponsored
borrowers will increase the Fund’s origination opportunities. The broader Diameter platform (as discussed below) greatly expands the Adviser’s contacts into sponsor firms and
non-sponsor
channels including global investment banks, financial intermediaries and advisers, alternative investment firms, and family offices. The Adviser believes that the Diameter platform’s broader contacts will greatly enhance its proprietary origination efforts.
The Adviser will seek to achieve downside protection through contractual means or structural terms, including by generally seeking a senior position in the capital structure of portfolio companies (e.g., first lien loans), requiring a total return that appropriately compensates the Fund for credit risk, and requiring certain covenants and restrictions in our negotiations with portfolio companies, including certain affirmative and negative covenants, default penalties, lien protections and change of control provisions.
A portion of the Fund’s portfolio may consist of loans or debt instruments issued by
non-U.S.
borrowers (expected to be mostly Western European and Canadian).
Other Investment Strategies and Approaches.
The Fund intends to target a diversified portfolio of investments, with a focus on what percentage of the total portfolio is constituted by a single asset or single industry. The Adviser’s assessment of concentration percentages and diversification metrics will be based on a targeted, fully ramped total portfolio size. The Adviser will monitor the Fund’s portfolio for industry balance, using industry and market metrics as key indicators, to seek to reduce the effects of economic downturns associated with any particular industry or market sector. The holding size in each private credit position will be determined based on a number of factors, including the anticipated return of an investment, pricing, terms and structure, and targeted portfolio metrics for sector, loan-to-value, EBITDA ranges and geography.
Notwithstanding the Fund’s intent to invest across a variety of industries, with respect to 75% of its assets, the Fund may hold securities of a single portfolio company that will comprise more than 5% of its total assets
 
and/or more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the portfolio company. For that reason, the Fund is classified as a
non-diversified
management investment company under the Investment Company Act.
Subsidiaries.
The Fund may make investments or originate loans through direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries (“Subsidiaries”). The Fund may form a Subsidiary in order to pursue its investment objective and strategies in a potentially
tax-efficient
manner or for the purpose of facilitating its use of permitted borrowings. Except as otherwise provided, references to the Fund’s investments also will refer to any Subsidiary’s investments, as applicable. Such Subsidiaries may not be registered under the Investment Company Act; however, the Fund will wholly own and control any Subsidiaries.
The Board has oversight responsibility for the investment activities of the Fund, including its investment in any Subsidiary and the Fund’s role as sole direct or indirect shareholder of any Subsidiary. To the extent applicable to the investment activities of a Subsidiary, the Subsidiary will follow the same compliance policies and procedures as the Fund. The Fund would “look through” any such Subsidiary to determine compliance with its investment policies. The Fund will comply with Section 8 and Section 18 of the 1940 Act, governing investment policies and capital structure and leverage, respectively, on an aggregate basis with any Subsidiary. Any Subsidiary also would comply with Section 17 of the 1940 Act relating to affiliated transactions and custody. In determining which investments should be bought and sold for a Subsidiary, the Adviser will treat the assets of any Subsidiary as if the assets were held directly by the Fund, as appropriate. The financial statements of any Subsidiary would be consolidated with those of the Fund.
If the Fund uses one or more Subsidiaries to make investments, such Subsidiaries will bear their respective organizational and operating fees, costs, expenses and liabilities and, as a result, the Fund will indirectly bear these fees, costs, expenses and liabilities. As the Subsidiaries will be wholly-owned, they will have the same investment strategies (or a subset thereof) as the Fund. The Fund complies with the provisions of the Investment Company Act governing capital structure and leverage on an aggregate basis with the Subsidiaries. The Adviser will serve as investment adviser to each Subsidiary. The Subsidiaries will comply with the provisions relating to affiliated transactions and custody of the Investment Company Act. The Bank of New York Mellon will serve as the custodian to the Subsidiaries. The Fund does not intend to create or acquire primary control of any entity which engages in investment activities in securities or other assets other than entities wholly-owned by the Fund.
Overview of Investment Process
The Fund’s investment activities will be managed by the Adviser. The Adviser will source and manage the Fund’s portfolio through a team of investment professionals led by Scott Goodwin, Jonathan Lewinsohn, who are the co-founders and co-managing partners of Diameter (together, the “Managing Partners”) and Joshua Green (together with the Managing Partners, the “Portfolio Managers”).
Performing Corporate Credit and Structured Credit Strategy:
Portfolio Management.
Portfolio management decisions around industry and sector composition, and position sizing will be made by the Portfolio Managers.
The Adviser believes that its approach to combining its expertise in trading and research allows it to identify the early development of any potential microcycles in order to dynamically trade certain positions as fundamentals unfold.
The Adviser seeks to combine technical knowledge of market conditions with the type of deep fundamental approach often associated with equity and distressed debt investors. The Adviser expects that its combination of research and trading in the portfolio management function will increase the Adviser’s ability to quickly respond to changing market conditions.
 
The Adviser focuses its analysis on cycles. This includes attention to general macroeconomic progressions; however, it also entails attention to less pronounced cycles that develop in specific industries. The Adviser believes these industry microcycles have represented the best opportunity for most of this century in areas as diverse as telecom, autos, financials, muni bonds, European sovereigns, energy, retail and healthcare. The Adviser believes that by combining its extensive research and trading skills, it can identify the early development of these microcycles and proactively trade appropriate positions as the cycles become more pronounced.
The Adviser will employ a rigorous approach to research and security selection. The Managing Partners, which are two of the three Portfolio Managers, have successfully built the Diameter platform into a research-driven proprietary investment and trading businesses and Diameter believes it has recruited and trained
best-in-class
investment professionals. Specifically, the Portfolio Managers will work together to supervise research analysts and traders, direct their areas of work on a regular basis, identify the best risk opportunities, and evaluate investments on a continuing basis.
Research Process
.
Research at the Adviser begins by placing companies and industries in their macroeconomic context. This may involve exploring considerations such as: In what economic conditions have target companies usually thrived? Which economic indices are most correlated to their revenues? What evidence is there that historical relationships are persisting or breaking down? The Adviser continues with
bottom-up
microeconomic work, examining companies’ working capital and cost buildups. For example, the Adviser may consider: How might a small change in revenues or costs impact a company’s profitability? As relevant, the Adviser will consider the goals and incentives of a portfolio company’s management team, to assess likely actions such companies might take, particularly during periods of industry dislocation, and how it will affect such companies’ performance. Finally, the Adviser will make decisions to invest in certain positions by identifying the most attractive securities and trading technicals.
The Adviser believes that its use of industry-focused analysts who are experts in their respective areas will enable the Fund to quickly adjust to new market conditions and effectively trade around dislocations.
The Adviser will take a disciplined approach to investment research, analyzing companies on a bottom-up, standalone basis, and combining such findings with thematic sectoral macro research. Each analyst on the investment team will regularly present his or her sector macro views to the broader investment team. Broadly, the Adviser will make a comprehensive distressed-style valuation of all relevant potential investments across the credit spectrum. Among other things, the Adviser’s research process is meant to assess the following:
 
   
industry attractiveness, secular trends and potential macro impact;
 
   
the issuer’s position within the industry as well as latest operating trends;
 
   
fixed versus variable costs to predict how changes in revenue will impact profitability;
 
   
management incentives in changing circumstances;
 
   
industry experts’ views who can assist with knowns and unknowns;
 
   
secular decliners where rating agencies have not yet acted;
 
   
working capital needs; and
 
   
any overlooked public information, such as
year-to-year
changes in risk factors, covenants or tax status.
The Adviser plans to have a dual focus on assets and liabilities which should allow for a wide range of downside protected investments.
Trading
.
The Adviser believes that its trading capabilities are a key element of its overall investment strategy and risk management process. The Adviser will dynamically trade the Fund’s positions as the individual fundamentals of its underlying portfolio companies unfold, and the Adviser will reallocate the Fund’s
 
investments across its three strategies and its other investments, as applicable. The Adviser believes that its ability to dynamically enter, exit, and potentially
re-enter
positions without materially impacting market pricing should give the Fund a competitive advantage. The Adviser will focus its trading efforts for the Fund on having long term relationships with sell-side counterparties and providing fast responses with bids, offers, or feedback to the sell-side when opportunities arise in investments that the Fund has proactively underwritten in advance of a potential dislocation.
Portfolio Monitoring
.
The Adviser’s research and trading teams will be responsible for closely monitoring Fund positions at all times, including by updating the Portfolio Managers on financial performance, company management, covenant compliance and event triggers. The Adviser’s personnel will be expected to attend lender conferences, management meetings and facility visits. The Adviser will often engage in restructuring discussions with advisors to both creditors and borrowers, company management, company sponsors or fellow lenders.
Risk Management
.
The Adviser seeks to manage risk actively in order to protect its capital and enhance the stability of its returns. The Adviser will actively monitor the Fund’s industry and company concentration, portfolio liquidity by individual position and risk bucket, interest rate exposure and foreign exchange exposure. The Fund will seek to hedge currency and interest rate risk exposure, where it believes appropriate. The Fund’s primary risk metric will likely be an estimation of potential downside for each investment. The Adviser uses position level beta and individualized liquidity score to help manage risk. For long performing credit investments, extreme downside is estimated using a
jump-to-default
scenario that estimates the potential loss incurred if the performing issuer defaults on its obligations. The Adviser will consider the maximum loss that it believes can result from each position and will seek to keep the Fund’s total portfolio exposure within acceptable levels. The Adviser expects to analyze both upside and downside scenarios by engaging in a full revaluation of the portfolio to credit spread widening and tightening, high-yield index beta adjusted scenarios and S&P scenarios.
Portfolio risk will be reviewed daily by the investment team and monthly by a formal risk management committee.
Private Credit Strategy:
Portfolio Management.
The Portfolio Managers will evaluate and approve investments made by the Fund pursuant to its Private Credit strategy.
Disciplined Investment Philosophy.
The Private Credit strategy is intended to maximize current income and minimize the risk of capital loss. The Adviser intends to employ a rigorous investment approach focused on what it considers to be quality borrowers and portfolio construction, to emphasize capital preservation over yield. This investment approach will involve a multi-step underwriting process for each investment opportunity, as well as ongoing monitoring of each completed investment, with a particular emphasis on quickly identifying investments that are underperforming.
Portfolio Structure.
In addition to focusing the Fund’s investments on middle-market and upper middle-market companies, the Fund seeks to invest across various industries. The Adviser will monitor the Fund’s investment portfolio to ensure that the Fund has acceptable industry balance, using industry and market metrics as key indicators. By monitoring the Fund’s investment portfolio for industry balance, the Adviser seeks to reduce the effects of economic downturns associated with any particular industry or market sector.
Investment Focus.
We believe that Private Credit strategy’s focus on middle-market and upper middle-market companies will allow us to target a class of borrowers whose financing needs may be overlooked in the current private credit markets, as incumbent asset managers target underwriting to large borrowers. Further, we believe that our focus on both sponsored and
non-sponsored
borrowers will increase our origination opportunities. Our dedicated Private Capital investment team has established prior relationships with private
 
equity sponsor firms, as well as
non-sponsor
contacts. The broader Diameter platform greatly expands our contacts into sponsor firms and
non-sponsor
channels including global investment banks, financial intermediaries and advisers, alternative investment firms, and family offices. We believe that the dedicated team’s existing contacts combined with the Diameter platform’s broader contacts will greatly enhance our proprietary origination efforts.
Synergies with Larger Diameter Platform.
Diameter Capital Partners LP (“Diameter Capital Partners” and, collectively with its subsidiaries and affiliated entities, “Diameter”) is a credit-focused investment adviser that focuses on the full spectrum of credit investing, from performing to distressed. It is headquartered in New York and maintains offices in Florida and London. As of September 30, 2025, Diameter Capital Partners employs 67 investment professionals and has approximately $24.8 billion in assets under management.
The Adviser believes it will realize significant synergies by being a part of the broader Diameter platform and that it can benefit from those synergies in the following ways:
 
   
Sourcing Investment Opportunities:
 We believe Diameter has broad expertise and experience investing at all levels of a company’s capital structure, and its investment team has worked diligently over many years to build strategic relationships with global investment banks, financial intermediaries, private equity sponsors and other alternative investment firms, trading desks, financial advisers, corporates and existing investors. The Adviser believes that the breadth of Diameter’s platform and the strength of its connectivity can help provide the Adviser a competitive advantage in sourcing investment opportunities for the Fund. It has a broad and diverse investor base, which includes family offices, pension plans and other sophisticated investors. The Adviser expects that it will be able to leverage these relationships into multiple and varied origination channels to find and execute attractive investment opportunities for the Fund.
 
   
Underwriting Investment Opportunities:
 The Adviser’s investment team is centrally located in New York, Florida and London alongside the other investment professionals of the larger Diameter platform. The Adviser believes that this proximity allows for a collaborative culture, which in turn promotes knowledge sharing. Diameter’s investment process for the rest of its businesses has sought to focus on “breadth and depth” of sector coverage. Subject to Diameter Capital Partners’ policies and procedures, including those regarding the management of conflicts of interest, the Adviser’s investment team will collaborate with the investment professionals of the larger Diameter platform, which will allow the Adviser to easily access industry knowledge and the deep sector expertise of Diameter Capital Partners analysts when relevant to a specific investment.
 
   
Non-Investment
 Side Expertise.
 The Adviser will benefit from the broader Diameter platform’s dedicated legal and restructuring expertise and its experienced accounting, operational, tax and compliance resources.
Temporary Defensive Positions
The Fund may, from time to time, take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with the Fund’s principal investment strategy, such as in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. During such times, the Adviser may determine that a large portion of the Fund’s assets should be invested in cash or cash equivalents, including money market instruments, prime commercial paper, repurchase agreements, municipal bonds, bank accounts, Treasury bills and other short-term obligations of the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities and other high-quality debt instruments maturing in one year or less from the time of investment. In these and in other cases, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective. The Adviser may invest the Fund’s cash balances in any investments it deems appropriate.
 
Portfolio Turnover
The frequency and amount of portfolio purchases and sales (known as the “portfolio turnover rate”) may vary from year to year and will not be a limiting factor when the Adviser deems portfolio changes appropriate.
The Fund may engage in short-term trading strategies, and securities may be sold without regard to the length of time held, when in the opinion of the Adviser, investment considerations warrant such action. These policies may have the effect of increasing the annual rate of portfolio turnover of the Fund. If securities are not held for the applicable holding periods, gain or loss from sales will be short-term capital gain or loss and dividends paid on them will not qualify for the advantageous federal tax rates.
Risk Factors [Table Text Block]
Investors should carefully consider the risk factors described below, before deciding on whether to make an investment in the Fund. The risks set out below are not the only risks the Fund faces. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Fund or that the Fund currently deems to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect the Fund’s business, financial condition and/or operating results. If any of the following events occur, the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case, the NAV of the Fund’s Common Shares could decline, and investors may lose all or part of their investment.
Investors should be aware that in light of the current uncertainty, volatility and distress in economies, financial markets, and labor and health conditions all over the world, the risks below are heightened significantly compared to normal conditions. The fact that a particular risk below is not specifically identified as being heightened under current conditions does not mean that the risk is not greater than under normal conditions.
References to “we” and “our” in this section of the Prospectus refer to the Fund.
Risks Related to the Fund’s Business and Structure
No Operating History.
The Fund has not commenced operations and therefore has no operating history upon which potential investors may evaluate past or future performance. We are subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new business, including the risk that we will not achieve our investment objective and that the value of an investor’s investment could decline substantially or an investor’s investment could become worthless. There may be delays in investing substantially all of the capital raised by us in this offering due to the time necessary to identify, evaluate, structure, negotiate and close suitable investments in our performing corporate credit strategy, structured credit strategy and private credit strategy.
To the extent required to comply with diversification and other requirements, or otherwise deemed appropriate, during the startup period, we will use funds to invest in temporary investments, such as cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high-quality debt investments that mature in one year or less, which we expect will earn yields substantially lower than the interest, dividend or other income that we anticipate receiving in respect of suitable portfolio investments. We may not be able to pay any significant dividends during the startup period, and any such dividends may be substantially lower than the dividends we expect to pay when our portfolio is fully invested.
We will pay a management fee to the Adviser throughout this interim period. If the management fee and our other expenses exceed the return on any temporary investments, our equity capital will be eroded.
While we believe that the past professional experiences of the Adviser’s investment team, including investment and financial experience of the Adviser’s senior management, will increase the likelihood that the Adviser will be able to manage the Fund successfully, there can be no assurance that this will be the case.
Non-Diversified
Status.
We are classified as a
non-diversified
investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act, which means that we are not limited by the Investment Company Act with respect to the proportion of our assets that we may invest in securities of a single issuer. Under the Investment Company Act, a “diversified” investment company is required to invest at least 75% of the value of its total assets in cash and cash items, government securities, securities of other investment companies and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the total assets of such company and no more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer. As a
non-diversified
investment company, we are not subject to this requirement. To the extent that we assume large positions in the securities of a small number of issuers, or within a particular industry, our NAV may fluctuate to a greater extent than that of a
 
diversified investment company as a result of changes in the financial condition or the market’s assessment of the issuer. We may also be more susceptible to any single economic or regulatory occurrence than a diversified investment company or to a general downturn in the economy.
The Adviser will endeavor to build and manage a diversified portfolio of investments with representation in various industries and economic sectors, geographic regions and deal types which may include growth financings and recapitalizations. Despite the foregoing objectives, the Fund may be concentrated in certain industries and/or economic sectors, geographic regions and/or deal types. The Fund also may be more concentrated than other funds with similar diversification objectives.
However, we will be subject to the diversification requirements applicable to RICs under Subchapter M of the Code, which include single issuer concentration limits. See “
Certain U.S. Federal Income
Tax Matters – Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company.
Our Board May Amend our Declaration of Trust Without Prior Shareholder Approval.
Our Board may, without shareholder vote, subject to certain exceptions, amend or otherwise supplement the Declaration of Trust, including without limitation to classify the Board, to impose advance notice provisions for Trustee nominations or for shareholder proposals and to require super-majority approval of transactions with significant shareholders or other provisions that may be characterized as anti-takeover in nature. See “
Delaware Law and Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust—Amendment of the Declaration of Trust.
” The Fund’s Declaration of Trust includes provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or convert the Fund
to open-end status.
Closed-End
Interval Fund; Illiquidity of Common Shares.
The Fund is structured as an “interval fund” and designed primarily for long-term investors. An investment in the Common Shares should be considered illiquid. The Common Shares are appropriate only for investors who are seeking an investment in less liquid or illiquid portfolio investments within an illiquid fund. An investment in the Common Shares is not suitable for investors who need access to the money they invest. Unlike
open-end
funds, which generally permit redemptions on a daily basis, the Common Shares are not redeemable at an investor’s option. Unlike the shares of listed
closed-end
funds, the Common Shares are not listed for trading on any securities exchange, and the Fund does not expect any secondary market to develop for the Common Shares in the foreseeable future. The NAV of the Common Shares may be volatile and the Fund’s use of leverage will increase this volatility. As the Common Shares are not traded, investors may not be able to dispose of their investment in the Fund when or in the amount desired, no matter how the Fund performs.
Although the Fund, as a fundamental policy, will make quarterly offers to repurchase between 5% and 25% of its outstanding Common Shares at NAV, the number of Common Shares tendered in connection with a repurchase offer may exceed the number of Common Shares the Fund has offered to repurchase, in which case the Fund may not repurchase all of a shareholder’s Common Shares tendered in that offer. In connection with any given repurchase offer, it is likely that the Fund may offer to repurchase only the minimum amount of 5% of its outstanding Common Shares. Hence, shareholders may not be able to sell their Common Shares when and/or in the amount that they desire.
See
Repurchase Offers Risk
”.
Large Shareholder Risk.
To the extent a large proportion of Common Shares is held by a small number of shareholders (or a single common shareholder), including affiliates of the Adviser, the Fund is subject to the risk that these shareholders may seek to sell Common Shares (including after expiration of any applicable
“lock-up
period”) in large amounts rapidly in connection with repurchase offers. These transactions could adversely affect the ability of the Fund to conduct its investment program. Furthermore, it is possible that in response to a repurchase offer, the total amount of Common Shares tendered by a small number of shareholders (or a single common shareholder) may exceed the number of Common Shares that the Fund has offered to repurchase. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed by shareholders, the Fund will repurchase only a pro rata portion of shares tendered by each shareholder.
See
Repurchase Offers Risk
”.
 
Repurchase Offers Risk.
The Fund is an “interval fund” and, in order to provide liquidity to shareholders, the Fund, subject to applicable law, will conduct quarterly repurchase offers of the Fund’s outstanding Common Shares at NAV, with the size of the repurchase offer subject to approval of the Board. In all cases, such repurchase offers will be for at least 5% and not more than 25% of its outstanding Common Shares at NAV, pursuant to Rule
23c-3
under the Investment Company Act. The Fund currently expects to conduct quarterly repurchase offers for 5% of its outstanding Common Shares under ordinary circumstances. The Fund believes that these repurchase offers are generally beneficial to its shareholders, and repurchases may be funded from available cash, borrowings, subscription proceeds or sales of portfolio securities. However, repurchase offers and the need to fund repurchase obligations may affect the ability of the Fund to be fully invested or force the Fund to maintain a higher percentage of its assets in liquid investments, which may harm the Fund’s investment performance. Moreover, diminution in the size of the Fund through repurchases may result in untimely sales of portfolio securities (with associated imputed transaction costs, which may be significant), and may limit the ability of the Fund to participate in new investment opportunities or to achieve its investment objective. The Fund may accumulate cash by holding back (i.e., not reinvesting) payments received in connection with the Fund’s investments. If at any time cash and other cash equivalents held by the Fund are not sufficient to meet the Fund’s repurchase obligations, the Fund intends, if necessary, to sell investments, including illiquid investments. If the Fund employs investment leverage, repurchases of Common Shares would compound the adverse effects of leverage in a declining market. In addition, if the Fund borrows to finance repurchases, interest on that borrowing will negatively affect common shareholders who do not tender their Common Shares by increasing the Fund’s expenses and reducing any net investment income. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed, the Fund may, but is not required to, determine to increase the amount repurchased by up to 2% of the Fund’s outstanding shares as of the date of the Repurchase Request Deadline. In the event that the Fund determines not to repurchase more than the repurchase offer amount, or if shareholders tender more than the repurchase offer amount plus 2% of the Fund’s outstanding shares as of the date of the Repurchase Request Deadline, the Fund will repurchase the Common Shares tendered on a pro rata basis, and shareholders will have to wait until the next repurchase offer to make another repurchase request. As a result, shareholders may be unable to liquidate all or a given percentage of their investment in the Fund during a particular repurchase offer. Some shareholders, in anticipation of proration, may tender more Common Shares than they wish to have repurchased in a particular quarter, thereby increasing the likelihood that proration will occur. A shareholder may be subject to market and other risks, and the NAV of Common Shares tendered in a repurchase offer may decline between the Repurchase Request Deadline and the date on which the NAV for tendered Common Shares is determined. In addition, the repurchase of Common Shares by the Fund may be a taxable event to shareholders. See “
Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Matters – Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company
.”
Distributions Risk
.
Any distributions the Fund makes will be at the discretion of the Board, considering factors such as the Fund’s earnings, cash flow, capital and liquidity needs and general financial condition and the requirements of Delaware law. As a result, the Fund’s distribution rates and payment frequency may vary from time to time. The Fund may not achieve investment results that will allow it to make a specified or stable level of cash distributions and its distributions may decrease over time. In addition, the Fund may be limited in its ability to make distributions.
Valuation Risk.
Under the Investment Company
Act
, we are required to carry our portfolio investments at market value or, if there is no readily available market value, in accordance with rule
2a-5,
at fair value as determined pursuant to policies adopted by, and subject to the oversight of, our Board. There is not a public market for certain of the private assets in which we plan to invest. We expect that many of our investments will not be publicly-traded or actively traded on a secondary market. The Board’s valuation designee, as further described below, will value these securities daily at fair value as determined in good faith as required by the Investment Company Act, but generally based on the most recent monthly (or, in certain cases, quarterly) mark. Between monthly (or, in certain cases, quarterly) valuations the valuation designee will consider daily whether there has been a material change to such investments as to affect their fair value, but such analysis will be more limited than the monthly process.
 
As part of the valuation process, the valuation designee will generally take into account relevant factors in determining the fair value of the Fund’s investments, without market quotations, some of which are loans, including and in combination, as relevant: (i) the estimated enterprise value of a portfolio company; (ii) the nature and realizable value of any collateral; (iii) the portfolio company’s ability to make payments based on its earnings and cash flow; (iv) the markets in which the portfolio company does business; (v) a comparison of the portfolio company’s securities to any similar publicly traded securities; and (vi) overall changes in the interest rate environment and the credit markets that may affect the price at which similar investments may be made in the future. Our determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if a ready market for these
non-traded
securities existed. Due to this uncertainty, our fair value determinations may cause our NAV on a given date to materially differ from the value that we may ultimately realize upon the sale of one or more of our investments. If we were required to liquidate a portfolio investment in a forced or liquidation sale, we may realize amounts that are different from what was previously the value, and such differences could be material.
Part of our investment strategy is to invest in illiquid debt and equity securities of private companies. Most of these investments will not have a readily available market price, and we value these investments at fair value as determined in good faith as required by the Investment Company Act in accordance with our valuation policy. There is no single standard for determining fair value. As a result, determining fair value requires that judgment be applied to the specific facts and circumstances of each portfolio investment while employing a consistently applied valuation process for the types of investments we make. If we were required to liquidate a portfolio investment in a forced or liquidation sale, we may realize amounts that are different from the amounts presented and such differences could be material.
Risks Related to Cybersecurity and Cyber Incidents.
A cyber incident is considered to be any adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity or availability of our information resources. These incidents may be an intentional attack or an unintentional event and could involve gaining unauthorized access to, use, alteration or destruction of our information systems for purposes of misappropriating assets, obtaining ransom payments, stealing confidential information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption, or may involve phishing. The results of these incidents may include disrupted operations, misstated or unreliable financial data, liability for stolen information, misappropriation of assets, increased cybersecurity protection and insurance costs, litigation and damage to our business relationships. This could result in significant losses, reputational damage, litigation, regulatory fines or penalties, or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures and to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures arising from operational and security risks. The costs related to cybersecurity incidents may not be fully insured or indemnified. We, our Adviser and its affiliates have implemented processes, procedures and internal controls to help mitigate cybersecurity risks and cyber intrusions, but these measures, as well as our increased awareness of the nature and extent of a risk of a cyber incident, may be ineffective and do not guarantee that a cyber incident will not occur or that our financial results, operations or confidential information will not be negatively impacted by such an incident.
Third parties with which we do business (including, but not limited to, key service providers, such as accountants, custodians, transfer agents and administrators, and the issuers of securities in which we invest) may also be sources or targets of cybersecurity or other technological risks. We outsource certain functions and these relationships allow for the storage and processing of our information and assets, as well as certain investor, counterparty, employee and borrower information. While we engage in actions to reduce our exposure resulting from outsourcing, we cannot control the cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by these third parties and ongoing threats may result in unauthorized access, loss, exposure or destruction of data, or other cybersecurity incidents, with increased costs and other consequences, including those described above. Privacy and information security laws and regulation changes, and compliance with those changes, may also result in cost increases due to system changes and the development of new administrative processes.
 
Additionally, investments of Diameter’s funds, including the Fund, and other Diameter entities have involved and/or may in the future involve companies that have experienced cyber-events and/or that may become involved in future cyber events. Cybersecurity events also could affect other Diameter and/or affiliated entities. Such cyber security attacks are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data, and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in critical systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and corruption of data.
A cybersecurity breach may cause the Fund to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption or expose information to misuse, which could have material adverse effects on the Fund. Sensitive information which may be breached in the event of a cybersecurity threat includes, without limitation, information regarding the Fund’s investment activities and shareholders (including personal information of any shareholder and, if applicable, its underlying investors, beneficial owners and/or control persons). Cybersecurity breaches of Diameter’s (including the Adviser) and the Fund’s third-party service providers or portfolio investments may also subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with direct cybersecurity breaches. Moreover, any such breaches could result in reputational harm to Diameter, the Adviser, the Fund and/or, as applicable, a portfolio investment, could subject any such entity and its affiliates to legal claims and could otherwise adversely affect any such entity’s business and financial performance, which could directly or indirectly adversely affect the Fund.
Cybersecurity risks also require Diameter to undertake ongoing preventative measures and to incur compliance costs.
Risks Related to Compliance with the SEC’s Regulation Best Interest.
Broker-dealers must comply with Regulation Best Interest, which, among other requirements, enhances the prior standard of conduct for broker-dealers and natural persons who are associated persons of a broker-dealer when recommending to a retail customer any securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities to a retail customer. Regulation Best Interest, which was adopted in June 2020, may negatively impact whether broker-dealers and their associated persons recommend the offering to retail customers. If Regulation Best Interest reduces our ability to raise capital in the offering, it would harm our ability to create a diversified portfolio of investments and achieve our investment objectives and would result in our fixed operating costs representing a larger percentage of our gross income.
Inflation and Supply Chain Risk.
Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have in the past had, and may in the future have, negative effects on economies and financial markets, particularly in emerging economies. For example, wages and prices of inputs increase during periods of inflation, which can negatively impact returns on investments. In an attempt to stabilize inflation, countries may impose wage and price controls or otherwise intervene in the economy. Governmental efforts to curb inflation often have negative effects on the level of economic activity. Recent and potential future U.S. tariff policies may contribute to inflationary pressures by increasing the cost of imported goods and materials, which could in turn prompt further economic intervention. There can be no assurance that inflation will not become a serious problem in the future and have an adverse impact on the Fund’s returns.
Trade Negotiations and Government Actions Risk
. In recent years, the U.S. government has indicated its intent to alter its approach to international trade policy and in some cases to renegotiate, or potentially terminate, certain existing bilateral or multi-lateral trade agreements and treaties with foreign countries, and has made proposals and taken actions related thereto, and has proposed and/or taken actions to increase tariffs or other duties on goods or products being imported into the U.S. For example, the U.S. government has imposed, and may in the future increase, tariffs on certain foreign goods, including from China, such as steel and aluminum. Some foreign governments, including China, have instituted retaliatory tariffs on certain U.S. goods. Recently, the current U.S. presidential administration has proposed and/or imposed significant increases to tariffs on goods imported into the U.S., including from China, Canada and Mexico. It is impossible to predict how or what tariffs will be imposed or what retaliatory measures other countries, including China, may take in response to tariffs proposed or imposed by the U.S. Such uncertainty and/or tariffs or counter-measures could further increase costs,
 
decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness of products and services offered by current and future portfolio companies in which the Fund invests and adversely affect the revenues and profitability of portfolio companies whose businesses rely on imported goods.
There is uncertainty as to further actions that may be taken under the current U.S. presidential administration with respect to U.S. trade policy, including with respect to such tariffs. Further governmental actions related to the imposition of tariffs or other trade barriers, or changes to international trade agreements or policies, could create further regulatory uncertainty for the portfolio companies in which the Fund invests and adversely affect their businesses and financial condition, particularly to the extent the revenues and profitability of their businesses rely on goods imported from outside of the United States.
Risks Related to Uncertainty About Financial Stability.
S&P, Moody’s and Fitch downgraded the federal government’s credit rating from AAA to AA+, AAA to AA+ and Aaa to Aa1, respectively, on August 11, 2011, August 1, 2023 and May 16, 2025, respectively. Further downgrades or warnings by rating agencies, and the government’s credit and deficit concerns in general, could cause interest rates and borrowing costs to rise, which may negatively impact both the perception of credit risk associated with our debt portfolio and our ability to access the debt markets on favorable terms. In addition, a decreased credit rating could create broader financial turmoil and uncertainty, which may weigh heavily on our financial performance and the value of our Common Shares.
In recent years, the Federal Reserve’s benchmark federal funds rate has moved through several phases. It was gradually increased in 2017 to 2018, cut multiple times in 2019 and 2020, raised sharply in 2022 to 2023, and then eased in 2024 and September 2025. As of late 2025, further cuts remain possible, depending on evolving economic conditions. Further changes in key economic indicators, such as the unemployment rate or inflation, could lead to additional changes to the target range for the federal funds rate that may cause instability or may negatively impact our ability to access the debt markets on favorable terms. The election of a new U.S. president for a term that commenced in 2025, coupled with a consolidation of party control of both chambers of Congress, has led to new legislative and regulatory initiatives and the roll-back of certain initiatives of the previous presidential administration, which may impact our business and our portfolio investments’ businesses in unpredictable ways. Areas subject to potential change or amendment include the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the Dodd-Frank Act, and the authority of the Federal Reserve and the Financial Stability Oversight Council. Additionally, under the narrowly divided control of the Congress, the likelihood of a failure to increase the debt ceiling and a default by the federal government is increased. The United States has already and may continue to increase tariffs and potentially withdraw from, renegotiate or enter into various trade agreements and take other actions that has changed and would continue to change current trade policies of the United States. We cannot predict which, if any, of these actions will be taken or, if taken, their effect on the financial stability of the United States. Such actions could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Economic Recession or Downturn.
The Fund and its investments may be susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions. Therefore, our
non-performing
assets may increase and the value of our portfolio may decrease during these periods as we are required to record our investments at their current fair value. Adverse economic conditions also may decrease the value of collateral securing some of our loans and the value of our equity investments. Economic slowdowns or recessions could lead to financial losses in our portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and assets. Unfavorable economic conditions also could increase our and our portfolio companies’ funding costs, limit our and our portfolio companies’ access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us or our portfolio companies. These events could prevent us from increasing investments and harm our operating results.
Investment and Market Risk.
An investment in the Fund’s Common Shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount invested. An investment in the Fund’s Common Shares represents an indirect investment in the portfolio of floating rate instruments, other securities and derivative
 
investments owned by the Fund, and the value of these investments may fluctuate, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. At any point in time an investment in the Fund’s Common Shares may be worth less than the original amount invested, even after taking into account distributions paid by the Fund and the ability of common shareholders to reinvest dividends. The Fund may also use leverage, which would magnify the Fund’s investment, market and certain other risks.
Interest Rate Risk.
Because we may borrow money to make investments, our net investment income will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest those funds. Rising interest rates could also adversely affect our performance if such increases cause our borrowing costs to rise at a rate in excess of the rate that our investments yield. As a result, we can offer no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income.
Trading prices for debt that pays a fixed rate of return tend to fall as interest rates rise and trading prices tend to fluctuate more for fixed-rate securities that have longer maturities. An increase in interest rates could decrease the value of any investments we hold which earn fixed interest rates and also could increase our interest expense, thereby decreasing our net income.
In periods of rising interest rates, to the extent we borrow money subject to a floating interest rate, our cost of funds would increase, which could reduce our net investment income. Further, rising interest rates could also adversely affect our performance if we hold investments with floating interest rates, subject to specified minimum interest rates, while at the same time engaging in borrowings subject to floating interest rates not subject to such minimums. In such a scenario, rising interest rates may increase our interest expense, even though our interest income from investments is not increasing in a corresponding manner as a result of such minimum interest rates.
If interest rates rise, there is a risk that the portfolio companies in which we hold floating rate securities will be unable to pay escalating interest amounts, which could result in a default under their loan documents with us. Rising interest rates could also cause portfolio companies to shift cash from other productive uses to the payment of interest, which may have a material adverse effect on their business and operations and could, over time, lead to increased defaults. In addition, rising interest rates may increase pressure on us to provide fixed rate loans to our portfolio companies, which could adversely affect our net investment income, as increases in our cost of borrowed funds would not be accompanied by increased interest income from such fixed-rate investments.
A significant portion of our debt investments are expected to be based on floating rates, such as SOFR, EURIBOR, the Federal Funds Rate or the Prime Rate. General interest rate fluctuations may have a substantial negative impact on our investments, the value of our Common Shares and our rate of return on invested capital. On one hand, a reduction in the interest rates on new investments relative to interest rates on current investments could have an adverse impact on our net interest income, which also could be negatively impacted by our borrowers making prepayments on their loans. On the other hand, an increase in interest rates could increase the interest repayment obligations of our borrowers and result in challenges to their financial performance and ability to repay their obligations.
An increase in interest rates could also decrease the value of any investments we hold that earn fixed interest rates, including subordinated loans, senior and junior secured and unsecured debt securities and loans and high yield bonds, and also could increase our interest expense, thereby decreasing our net income. Moreover, an increase in interest rates available to investors could make investment in our Common Shares less attractive if we are not able to increase our dividend rate, which could reduce the value of our Common Shares. Federal Reserve policy, including with respect to certain interest rates and the decision to end its quantitative easing policy, may also adversely affect the value, volatility and liquidity of
dividend-and
interest-paying securities. Market volatility, rising interest rates and/or a return to unfavorable economic conditions could adversely affect our business.
 
A rise in the general level of interest rates typically leads to higher interest rates applicable to our debt investments.
We may enter into and borrow under credit facilities. Our credit facilities may be subject to variable rates that expose us to interest rate risk. We may also incur additional indebtedness subject to variable rates in the future. When interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness increase even though the amount borrowed remains the same.
U.S. dollar borrowings under our credit facilities may bear interest at a rate derived from SOFR. SOFR is a relatively new reference rate and has a very limited history. The future performance of SOFR cannot be predicted based on its limited historical performance. Since the initial publication of SOFR in April 2018, changes in SOFR have, on occasion, been more volatile than changes in other benchmark or market rates. The use of SOFR is relatively new, and there could be unanticipated difficulties or disruptions with the calculation and publication of SOFR. Additionally, any successor rate to SOFR under our revolving credit facility may not have the same characteristics as SOFR. As a result, the amount of interest we may pay on our revolving credit facility is difficult to predict.
We will regularly measure our exposure to interest rate risk. We will assess interest rate risk and manage our interest rate exposure on an ongoing basis by comparing our interest rate-sensitive assets to our interest rate-sensitive liabilities. Based on that review, we will determine whether or not any hedging transactions are necessary to mitigate exposure to changes in interest rates. We may in the future hedge against interest rate fluctuations by using hedging instruments such as additional interest rate swaps, futures, options and forward contracts. While hedging activities may mitigate our exposure to adverse fluctuations in interest rates, certain hedging transactions that we may enter into in the future, such as interest rate swap agreements, may also limit our ability to participate in the benefits of changes in interest rates with respect to our portfolio investments.
Force Majeure Risk.
The Fund may be affected by force majeure events (
e.g.
, acts of God, fire, flood, earthquakes, outbreaks of an infectious disease, pandemic or any other serious public health concern, war, terrorism, nationalization of industry and labor strikes). Force majeure events could adversely affect the ability of the Fund or a counterparty to perform its obligations. The liability and cost arising out of a failure to perform obligations as a result of a force majeure event could be considerable and could be borne by the Fund. Certain force majeure events, such as war or an outbreak of an infectious disease, could have a broader negative impact on the global or local economy, thereby affecting the Fund. Additionally, a major governmental intervention into industry, including the nationalization of an industry or the assertion of control, could result in a loss to the Fund if an investment is affected, and any compensation provided by the relevant government may not be adequate.
Technological or Other Innovations and Industry Disruptions Risk.
Recent trends in the market generally, including technological developments in artificial intelligence, have disrupted the industry with technological or other innovations. In this period of rapid technological and commercial innovation, new businesses and approaches may be created that could affect the Fund and/or its portfolio companies or alter the market practices that help frame its strategy. Any of these new approaches could damage the Fund’s investments, significantly disrupt the market in which it operates and subject it to increased competition, which could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of investments. Moreover, given the pace of innovation in recent years, the impact on a particular investment may not have been foreseeable at the time the Fund made the investment. Furthermore, the Fund could base investment decisions on views about the direction or degree of innovation that prove inaccurate and lead to losses.
Changes in Laws or Regulations Risk.
The Fund, the portfolio companies, and other counterparties are subject to regulation at the local, state and federal levels. New legislation may be enacted, or new interpretations, rulings or regulations could be adopted, including those governing the types of investments the Fund is permitted to make, any of which could harm the Fund and its shareholders, potentially with retroactive effect.
 
Additionally, any changes to or repeal of the laws and regulations governing the Fund’s operations relating to permitted investments may cause the Fund to alter its investment strategy to avail the Fund of new or different opportunities. Such changes could result in material differences to the Fund’s strategies and plans as set forth in this prospectus and may result in the Fund’s investment focus shifting from the areas of expertise of the Adviser to other types of investments in which the Adviser may have less expertise or little or no experience. Thus, any such changes, if they occur, could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s financial condition and results of operations and the value of a shareholder’s investment.
Regulatory Oversight Risk
. The Fund’s business and the businesses of the Adviser, the Distributor and their respective affiliates are subject to extensive regulation, including periodic examinations, inquiries and investigations, which may result in enforcement and other proceedings, by governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations in the jurisdictions in which the Fund, the Adviser, the Distributor and their respective affiliates operate around the world, including by the SEC and various other U.S. federal, state and local agencies. These authorities have regulatory powers dealing with many aspects of financial services, including the authority to grant, and in specific circumstances to cancel, permissions to carry on particular activities.
In addition, if previously enacted laws are amended or if new legislative or regulatory reforms are adopted, this could have further impact on the Fund’s industry. Changes in administration have lead to, and may continue to lead to, leadership changes at a number of U.S. federal regulatory agencies with oversight over the U.S. financial services industry. Such changes would pose uncertainty with respect to such agencies’ ongoing policy priorities and could lead to increased regulatory enforcement activity in the financial services industry. Any changes or reforms may impose additional costs on the Fund’s current or future investments, require the attention of senior management or result in other limitations on the Fund’s business or investments. The Fund is unable to predict at this time the likelihood or effect of any such changes or reforms.
Risks Related to Restrictions on Entering into Transactions with Affiliates.
The Investment Company Act limits the Fund’s ability to enter into certain transactions with certain of the Fund’s affiliates. As a result of these restrictions, the Fund may be prohibited from buying or selling any security directly from or to any portfolio company of or fund managed by Diameter or any of its affiliates. However, the Fund may under certain circumstances purchase any such portfolio company’s loans or securities in the secondary market, which could create a conflict for the Adviser between the interests of the Fund and the portfolio company, in that the ability of the Adviser to recommend actions in the best interest of the Fund might be impaired. The Investment Company Act also prohibits certain “joint” transactions with certain of the Fund’s affiliates, which could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times). These limitations may limit the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to the Fund. Although certain affiliates of the Adviser have received an exemptive order from the SEC that permits the Fund, among other things,
to co-invest with
certain affiliates of the Adviser and certain funds managed and controlled by the Adviser and its affiliates, it may only do so in accordance with certain terms and conditions that limit the types of transactions the Fund may engage in. Moreover, while the Fund and certain of its affiliates have also applied for a revised exemptive order from the SEC, even if it is granted, the revised exemptive order would also contain terms and conditions that limit the types of transactions the Fund would be able to engage in.
The decision by Diameter, the Adviser or their respective affiliates to allocate an opportunity to another entity could cause us to forgo an investment opportunity that we otherwise would have made. We also generally will be unable to invest in any issuer in which Diameter Capital Partners and its affiliates (including the Adviser) or a fund managed by Diameter Capital Partners or its affiliates has previously invested or in which they are making an investment. Similar restrictions limit our ability to transact business with our officers or trustees or their affiliates. These restrictions may limit the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to us.
Although, as a general matter, Section 17 of the Investment Company Act restricts the ability of the Fund to engage (except in certain limited circumstances) in transactions with “affiliated persons” of investment
 
companies, certain of the Fund’s affiliates have obtained from the SEC a
co-investment
order that permits a broader range of affiliated transactions, subject to a variety of conditions and requirements, that would apply to the Fund. Thus, subject to the requirements of such
co-investment
order (or any future co-investment order applicable to the Fund), the Fund will be permitted to
co-invest
alongside affiliates in a broader range of affiliated transactions.
No Guarantee of Obtaining Licenses.
We are required to have and may be required in the future to obtain various state licenses to, among other things, originate commercial loans, and we may be required to obtain similar licenses from other authorities (including those outside of the United States) in the future, in connection with one or more investments. Applying for and obtaining required licenses can be costly and take several months. We cannot assure investors that we will maintain or obtain all of the licenses that we need on a timely basis. We also are and will be subject to various information and other requirements to maintain and obtain these licenses, and we cannot assure investors that we will satisfy those requirements. Our failure to maintain or obtain licenses that we require, now or in the future, might restrict investment options and have other adverse consequences.
Risks Related to the Fund’s Investment Strategy and
Activities
Risk of Investment Strategy.
An investor should be aware that it may lose all or part of its investment in the Fund. All investments involve the risk of loss of capital. The Adviser believes that the Fund’s investment program and research techniques moderate this risk through a careful selection of securities and other financial instruments. However, no guarantee or representation is made that the Fund’s investment program will be successful. The Fund’s investment program may utilize such investment techniques as option transactions and forward contracts, which practices can, in certain circumstances, increase the adverse impact to which the Fund’s portfolio may be subject.
Investments Generally.
All investments risk the loss of capital. Such investments are subject to investment-specific price fluctuations as well as to macro-economic, market and industry-specific conditions, including but not limited to national and international economic conditions, domestic and international financial policies and performance, conditions affecting particular investments such as the financial viability, sales and product lines of corporate issuers, national and international politics and governmental events, and changes in income tax laws. No guarantee or representation is made that the Fund’s investment program will be successful. The Fund’s investment program involves, without limitation, risks associated with limited diversification and concentration, investments in speculative assets and the use of speculative investment strategies and techniques, interest rates, volatility, tracking risks in hedged positions, credit deterioration or default risks, systems risks and other risks inherent in the Fund’s activities. Certain investment techniques of the Fund can, in certain circumstances, magnify the impact of adverse market moves to which the Fund may be subject. In addition, the Fund’s investments may be materially affected by conditions in the financial markets and overall economic conditions occurring globally and in particular markets where the Fund may invest its assets.
The Fund’s methods of minimizing such risks may not accurately predict future risk exposures. Risk management techniques are based in part on the observation of historical market behavior, which may not predict market divergences that are larger than historical indicators. Also, information used to manage risks may not be accurate, complete or current, and such information may be misinterpreted.
General Economic and Market Conditions.
The success of the Fund’s activities will be affected by general economic and market conditions, such as interest rates, availability of credit, credit defaults, inflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in laws (including laws relating to taxation of the Fund’s investments), trade barriers, currency exchange controls, and national and international political circumstances (including wars, terrorist acts or security operations). These factors may affect the trading strategies which are based on the predicated outcomes of macroeconomic themes.
 
Concentrated Investment Strategy.
The Fund will not be broadly diversified, but rather will concentrate on credit investments across its performing credit, structured credit and private credit strategies. The undiversified nature of the Fund’s trading can be expected to result in increased performance volatility and risk.
High-Yield and Distressed Securities.
The Fund expects to trade high-yield and distressed credit instruments. These instruments are subject to substantial risk of default, bankruptcy, moratorium,
etc.
, as they are by definition issued by or referenced to issuers in precarious and often declining financial condition. Valuing high-yield and distressed credit instruments is an inherently uncertain process due to the lack of available market prices and the uncertain financial condition of the issuers (and the lack of reliable information concerning such issuers’ financial condition). The mispricings on which the Fund will attempt to capitalize in its investing reflect both the risk and the uncertainty of high-yield and distressed investments. The long-term and illiquid nature of many of these investments increases their risk, as the Fund will generally be unable to exit these investments in order either to recognize profits or limit losses. High-yield and distressed securities exhibit high
mark-to-market
volatility, require extensive due diligence and medium- to long-term holding periods, are generally illiquid and demand constant monitoring and carefully engineered exit strategies.
Structured Credit Products.
Special risks may be associated with investments in structured credit products, collateralized debt obligations, synthetic credit portfolio transactions and asset-backed securities. For example, synthetic portfolio transactions may be structured with two or more classes of tranches that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of credit assets. The yield to maturity of a tranche may be extremely sensitive to the rate of defaults in the underlying reference portfolio. A rapid change in the rate of defaults may have a material adverse effect on the yield to maturity. It is therefore possible that the Fund may incur losses on its investments in structured products regardless of their ratings by S&P or Moody’s. Additionally, the securities in which the Fund is authorized to invest include securities that are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on their resale or for which there is a relatively inactive trading market. Securities subject to resale restrictions may sell at a price lower than similar securities that are not subject to such restrictions. Investments in the junior subordinated tranche of structured credit products such as collateralized debt obligations tend to be highly levered; this may magnify the adverse impact on the tranche as a result of changes in the market value of the underlying assets.
Financing Arrangements; Availability of Credit
. The Fund will use leverage as part of its strategy, and, as a result, the Fund may depend on the availability of credit in order to finance its portfolio. Such leverage may be in the form of imbedded leverage inherent in the investments the Fund makes including subordinated classes of structured credit products such as CDOs and CLOs as well as leverage inherent in certain derivative instruments and in short investments. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to maintain adequate financing arrangements under all market circumstances. As a general matter, the banks and dealers that provide financing to the Fund can apply essentially discretionary margin, haircut, financing, security and collateral valuation policies. Changes by banks and dealers in such policies, or the imposition of other credit limitations or restrictions, whether due to market circumstances or governmental, regulatory or judicial action, may result in margin calls, loss of financing, forced liquidation of positions at disadvantageous prices, termination of swap and repurchase agreements and cross-defaults to agreements with other dealers. Any such adverse effects may be exacerbated in the event that such limitations or restrictions are imposed suddenly and/or by multiple market participants at or about the same time. The imposition of such limitations or restrictions could compel the Fund to liquidate all or a portion of its portfolio at disadvantageous prices.
During the 2008 financial crisis the availability of financing for speculative strategies was materially restricted. In addition, many dealers materially increased the cost and margin requirements applicable to outstanding financing, which materially adversely affected certain funds.
Directional Trading.
Certain of the positions taken by the Fund will be designed to profit from forecasting absolute price movements in a particular instrument or asset class. Predicting future prices is inherently uncertain and the losses incurred, if the market moves against a position, will often not be hedged. The speculative aspect
 
of attempting to predict absolute price movements is generally perceived to exceed that involved in attempting to predict relative price fluctuations.
Lack of Effective Securities Interests.
Certain higher risk debt investors make a policy of acquiring only secured debt so that they have good assurances of receiving back their principal even in the event of a default. In the case of the Fund, on the other hand, the Adviser recognizes that certain instruments may not be paid in full and, in fact, may be a complete loss. In addition, when the Fund holds participations in a loan, the Fund may not have the right to vote for or waive enforcement of any default by an obligor, and/or the selling institution may not consider the interests of the Fund in connection with its actions.
Hedging Transactions
. The Fund may utilize securities for risk management purposes in order to: (i) protect against possible changes in the market value of the Fund’s investment portfolio resulting from fluctuations in the markets and changes in interest rates; (ii) protect the Fund’s unrealized gains in the value of its investment portfolio; (iii) facilitate the sale of any securities; (iv) enhance or preserve returns, spreads or gains on any security in the Fund’s portfolio; (v) hedge against a directional trade; (vi) hedge the interest rate, credit or currency exchange rate on any of the Fund’s securities; (vii) protect against any increase in the price of any securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date; or (viii) act for any other reason that the Adviser deems appropriate. The Fund will not be required to hedge any particular risk in connection with a particular transaction or its portfolio generally. The Adviser may be unable to anticipate the occurrence of a particular risk and, therefore, may be unable to attempt to hedge against it. While the Fund may enter into hedging transactions to seek to reduce risk, such transactions may result in a poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not engaged in any such hedging transaction. Moreover, the portfolio will always be exposed to certain risks that cannot be hedged.
Hedging Risks.
The Fund may seek to hedge against interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations and credit risk by using financial instruments such as futures, options, swaps and forward contracts, subject to the requirements of the Investment Company Act. These financial instruments may be purchased on exchanges or may be individually negotiated and traded in
over-the-counter
markets. Use of such financial instruments for hedging purposes may present significant risks, including the risk of loss of the amounts invested. Defaults by the other party to a hedging transaction can result in losses in the hedging transaction. Hedging activities also involve the risk of an imperfect correlation between the hedging instrument and the asset being hedged, which could result in losses both on the hedging transaction and on the instrument being hedged. Use of hedging activities may not prevent significant losses and could increase the Fund’s losses. Further, hedging transactions may reduce cash available to pay distributions to the Fund’s shareholders. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act could adversely impact an issuer’s ability to hedge risks associated with the Fund’s investments. Such transactions may be subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions that may, among other things, make it more difficult for the Fund to comply with certain U.S. federal income tax requirements applicable to RICs if the tax characterization of the Fund’s investments is not clear or if the tax treatment of the income from such investments was successfully challenged by the Internal Revenue Service.
Spread Widening Risks.
For reasons not necessarily attributable to any of the risks set forth herein (for example, supply/demand imbalances or other market forces), the prices of the debt instruments and other securities in which the Fund invests may decline substantially. In particular, purchasing debt instruments or other assets at what may appear to be “undervalued” or “discounted” levels is no guarantee that these assets will not be trading at even lower levels at a time of valuation or at the time of sale. It may not be possible to predict, or to hedge against, such “spread widening” risk. Additionally, the perceived discount in pricing from previous environments described herein may still not reflect the true value of the assets underlying debt instruments in which the Fund invests and therefore further deteriorations in value with respect thereto may occur following the Fund’s investment therein.
Undervalued Investments Risk.
The Fund’s investment strategy with respect to certain types of investments may be based, in part, upon
the
premise that certain investments (either held directly or indirectly) that are
 
otherwise performing may from time to time be available for purchase by the Fund at “undervalued” or “discounted” prices. Purchasing interests at what may appear to be “undervalued” levels is no guarantee that these investments will generate attractive risk-adjusted returns to the Fund or will not be subject to further reductions in value. No assurance can be given that investments can be acquired or realized at favorable prices or that the market for such interests will continue to improve since this depends, in part, upon events and factors outside the control of the Adviser. In addition, there can be no assurance that current market conditions may not deteriorate during the life of the Fund, which could have a materially adverse effect on the assets of the Fund. Actual or perceived trends in debt markets do not guarantee, predict or forecast future events, which may differ significantly from those implied by such trends.
Risks Related to the Lack of Liquidity in our Investments.
The illiquidity of our investments may make it difficult for us to sell positions if the need arises. In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at
which
we had previously recorded these investments.
Risks Related to OID and PIK.
There are certain risks associated with holding debt obligations that have original issue discount or
payment-in-kind
interest.
Original issue discount, or OID, may arise if we hold securities issued at a discount, receive warrants in connection with the making of a loan, or in certain other circumstances.
The higher interest rates of OID instruments reflect the payment deferral and increased credit risk associated with these instruments, and OID instruments generally represent a significantly higher credit risk than coupon loans. Even if the accounting conditions for income accrual are met, the borrower could still default when our actual collection is supposed to occur at the maturity of the obligation.
OID instruments may have unreliable valuations because their continuing accruals require continuing judgments about the collectability of the deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral. OID income may also create uncertainty about the source of our cash dividends. In addition, market prices of OID instruments are more volatile because they are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes than instruments that pay interest periodically in cash.
For accounting purposes, any cash dividends to shareholders representing OID income are not treated as coming from
paid-in
capital, even if the cash to pay them comes from the proceeds of issuances of our Common Shares. As a result, despite the fact that a dividend representing OID income could be paid out of amounts invested by our shareholders, the Investment Company Act does not require that shareholders be given notice of this fact by reporting it as a return of capital.
Zero Coupon, Original Issue Discount and
Payment-In-Kind
Instruments Risk.
To the extent that the Fund invests in original issue discount or
payment-in-kind
(“PIK”) instruments and the accretion of original issue discount or PIK interest income constitutes a portion of the Fund’s income, it will be exposed to risks associated with the requirement to include such
non-cash
income in taxable and accounting income prior to receipt of cash, including the following: (i) the higher interest rates on PIK instruments reflect the payment deferral and increased credit risk associated with these instruments, and PIK instruments generally represent a significantly higher credit risk than coupon loans; (ii) original issue discount and PIK instruments may have unreliable valuations because the accruals require judgments about collectability of the deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral; (iii) an election to defer PIK interest payments by adding them to the principal on such instruments increases the Fund’s future investment income which increases the Fund’s net assets and, as such, increases the Adviser’s future base management fees at a compounding rate; (iv) market prices of PIK instruments and other
zero-coupon
instruments are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes, and may be more volatile than instruments that pay interest periodically in cash. While PIK instruments are usually less volatile than
zero-coupon
debt instruments, PIK instruments are generally more volatile than cash pay securities;
 
(v) the deferral of PIK interest on an instrument increases the
loan-to-value
ratio, which is a measure of the riskiness of a loan, with respect to such instrument; (vi) even if the conditions for income accrual under GAAP are satisfied, a borrower could still default when actual payment is due upon the maturity of such loan; (vii) for accounting purposes, cash distributions to investors representing original issue discount income do not come from
paid-in
capital, although they may be paid from the offering proceeds. Thus, although a distribution of original issue discount income may come from the cash invested by investors, the Investment Company Act does not require that investors be given notice of this fact; (viii) the required recognition of original issue discount or PIK interest for U.S. federal income tax purposes may have a negative impact on liquidity, as it represents a
non-cash
component of the Fund’s investment company taxable income that may require cash distributions to shareholders in order to qualify for and maintain the Fund’s tax treatment as a RIC; and (ix) original issue discount may create a risk of
non-refundable
cash payments to the Adviser based on
non-cash
accruals that may never be realized.
Because investors in zero coupon or PIK bonds receive no cash prior to the maturity or cash payment date applicable thereto, an investment in such securities generally has a greater potential for complete loss of principal and/or return than an investment in debt securities that make periodic interest payments. Such investments are more vulnerable to the creditworthiness of the issuer and any other parties upon which performance relies.
Failure to Maintain RIC Tax Treatment Risk.
To qualify for and maintain RIC tax treatment under Subchapter M of the Code, the Fund must, among other things, meet annual distribution, income source and quarterly asset diversification requirements. Each of the aforementioned ongoing requirements for the Fund’s qualification as a RIC requires that the Fund obtain information from or about the underlying investments in which it invests, and the Fund may have difficulty complying with these requirements. In particular, if the Fund has equity investments in portfolio companies or other vehicles that are treated as partnerships or other pass-through entities for tax purposes, it may not have control over, or receive accurate information about, the underlying income and assets of those portfolio companies or other vehicles that are taken into account in determining the Fund’s compliance with the income source and quarterly asset diversification requirements. If the Fund does not receive sufficient information from such investments, the Fund risks failing to satisfy the Subchapter M qualification tests and/or incurring an excise tax on undistributed income.
If, before the end of any quarter of its taxable year, the Fund believes it may fail the Diversification Tests (as defined below), the Fund may seek to take certain actions to avert such a failure. However, the action frequently taken by RICs to avert such a failure, the disposition of
non-diversified
assets, may be difficult to pursue because of the limited liquidity of certain of the Fund’s investments. While relevant tax provisions afford a RIC a
30-day
period after the end of the relevant quarter in which to cure a diversification failure by disposing of
non-diversified
assets, the constraints on the Fund’s ability to effect a sale of an investment may limit the Fund’s use of this cure period. In certain cases, the Fund may be afforded a longer cure period under applicable savings provisions, but it may be subject to a penalty tax in connection with its use of those savings provisions.
If the Fund fails to satisfy the Diversification Tests or other RIC requirements, it may fail to qualify as a RIC under the Code, and if the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC, it would become subject to a corporate-level U.S. federal income tax (and any applicable U.S. state and local taxes), which could substantially reduce its net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of the Fund’s distributions, and distributions to the shareholders generally would be treated as corporate dividends.
See
Certain U.S. Federal Income
Tax Matters –
Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company.
In addition, the Fund is required each December to make certain “excise tax” calculations based on income and gain information that must be obtained from certain of its investments. If the Fund does not receive sufficient information from such investments, it risks failing to satisfy the Subchapter M qualification tests and/or incurring an excise tax on undistributed income (in addition to the corporate income tax). The Fund may, however, attempt to avoid such outcomes by paying a distribution that is or is considered to be in excess of its current and accumulated earnings and profits for the relevant period (i.e., a return of capital).
 
In order to comply with the RIC rules or for other reasons, the Fund may structure its investments in a way that could increase the taxes imposed thereon or in respect thereof. For example, the Fund may hold such investments through one or more U.S. or
non-U.S.
corporation(s) (or other entity treated as such for U.S. federal income tax purposes), and the Fund would indirectly bear any U.S. or
non-U.S.
taxes imposed on such corporation(s). The Fund’s need to hold such investments through such U.S. or
non-U.S.
corporation(s) in order to satisfy the 90% Gross Income Test (as defined below) may jeopardize its ability to satisfy the Diversification Tests, which may make it difficult for the Fund to qualify as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Fund may also be unable to make investments that it would otherwise determine to make as a result of the desire to qualify for the RIC rules.
In addition, the Fund may directly or indirectly invest in certain investments located outside the United States. Such investments may be subject to withholding taxes and other taxes in such jurisdictions with respect to their investments. In general, a U.S. person will not be able to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction for foreign taxes paid by the Fund. Further, adverse U.S. tax consequences can be associated with certain foreign investments, including potential U.S. withholding taxes on foreign entities with respect to their U.S. investments and potential adverse tax consequences associated with investments in any foreign corporations that are characterized for U.S. federal income tax purposes as “controlled foreign corporations” or “passive foreign investment companies.”
The Fund may retain some income and capital gains in the future, including for purposes of providing the Fund with additional liquidity, which amounts would be subject to the 4% U.S. federal excise tax to the extent they exceed the Excise Tax Distribution Requirements (as defined below), in addition to the corporate income tax. In that event, the Fund will be liable for the tax on the amount by which the Fund does not meet the foregoing distribution requirement.
See
Certain U.S. Federal Income
Tax Matters – Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company
.”
Return of Capital Risk
. The Fund may fund its cash distributions to shareholders from any sources of funds available to it, including offering proceeds, borrowings, net investment income from operations, capital gains proceeds from the sale of assets,
non-capital
gains proceeds from the sale of assets, dividends or other distributions paid to the Fund on account of preferred and common equity investments in portfolio companies and fee and expense reimbursement waivers from the Adviser, if any. The Fund’s ability to pay distributions, if any, might be adversely affected by, among other things, the impact of one or more of the risk factors described in this prospectus. All distributions are and will be paid at the discretion of the Board and will depend on the Fund’s earnings, the Fund’s financial condition, maintenance of the Fund’s RIC status and such other factors as the Board may deem relevant from time to time. The Fund cannot assure shareholders that it will continue to pay distributions to its shareholders in the future. In the event that the Fund encounters delays in locating suitable investment opportunities, the Fund may pay all or a substantial portion of its distributions from borrowings or sources other than net investment income in anticipation of future cash flow, which may constitute a return of shareholders’ capital. Distributions funded by a return of capital can reduce the amount of capital available to the Fund for investment, potentially impacting the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objectives. A return of capital is not paid from tax earnings or profits and will have the effect of reducing the tax basis of a shareholder’s Common Shares, such that when a shareholder sells its Common Shares the sale may be subject to tax, even if the Common Shares are sold for less than the original purchase price.
Recognizing Income Before or Without Receiving Cash Risk.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund may be required to recognize taxable income in circumstances in which the Fund does not receive a corresponding payment in cash. For example, if the Fund holds debt obligations that are treated under applicable tax rules as having original issue discount (such as
zero-coupon
securities, debt instruments with PIK interest or, in certain cases, increasing interest rates or debt instruments that were issued with warrants), the Fund must include in income each year a portion of the original issue discount that accrues over the life of the obligation, regardless of whether cash representing such income is received by the Fund in the same taxable year. The Fund may also have to include in income other amounts that it has not yet received in cash, such as deferred loan
 
origination fees that are paid after origination of the loan or are paid in
non-cash
compensation such as warrants or stock or income from investments in portfolio companies or other vehicles that are treated as partnerships or other pass-through entities for tax purposes. The Fund anticipates that a portion of its income may constitute original issue discount or other income required to be included in taxable income prior to receipt of cash. Furthermore, the Fund intends to elect to amortize market discount and include such amounts in the Fund’s taxable income on a current basis, instead of upon disposition of the applicable debt obligation.
Because any original issue discount, market discount or other amounts accrued will be included in the Fund’s investment company taxable income for the year of the accrual, the Fund may be required to make a distribution to its shareholders in order to satisfy the annual distribution requirement, even though the Fund will not have received any corresponding cash amount. As a result, the Fund may have difficulty meeting the annual distribution requirement necessary to qualify for taxation as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. The Fund may have to sell some of its investments at times and/or at prices the Fund would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or forgo new investment opportunities for this purpose. If the Fund is not able to obtain cash from other sources, the Fund may not qualify for or maintain RIC tax treatment and thus the Fund may become subject to corporate-level income tax.
Counterparty Risk
. The Fund is subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to any derivatives contracts (whether a clearing corporation in the case of exchange-traded instruments or the Fund’s hedge counterparty in the case of OTC instruments) purchased by the Fund. Counterparty risk is the risk that the other party in a derivative transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligation. Changes in the credit quality of the companies that serve as the Fund’s counterparties with respect to their derivative transactions will affect the value of those instruments. By entering into derivatives transactions, the Fund assumes the risks that these counterparties could experience financial or other hardships that could call into question their continued ability to perform their obligations. In the case of a default by the counterparty, the Fund could become subject to adverse market movements while replacement transactions are executed. The ability of the Fund to transact business with any one or number of counterparties, the possible lack of a meaningful and independent evaluation of such counterparties’ financial capabilities, and the absence of a regulated market to facilitate settlement may increase the potential for losses by the Fund. Furthermore, concentration of derivatives in any particular counterparty would subject the Fund to an additional degree of risk with respect to defaults by such counterparty.
The Adviser evaluates and monitors the creditworthiness of counterparties in order to ensure that such counterparties can perform their obligations under the relevant agreements. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial or other difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a dissolution, assignment for the benefit of creditors, liquidation,
winding-up,
bankruptcy or other analogous proceedings. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of a counterparty to a derivative transaction, the derivative contract would typically be terminated at its fair market value. If the Fund is owed this fair market value upon the termination of the derivative contract and its claim is unsecured, the Fund will be treated as a general creditor of such counterparty, and will not have any claim with respect to the underlying assets. The Fund may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery at all in such circumstances. In addition, regulations that were adopted in 2019 require certain bank-regulated counterparties and certain of their affiliates to include in certain financial contracts, including many derivatives contracts, terms that delay or restrict the rights of counterparties, such as the Fund, to terminate such contracts, foreclose upon collateral, exercise other default rights or restrict transfers of credit support in the event that such counterparty and/or its affiliates are subject to certain types of resolution or insolvency proceedings.
Certain categories of interest rate and credit default swaps are subject to mandatory clearing, and more categories may be subject to mandatory clearing in the future. The counterparty risk for cleared derivatives is generally lower than for uncleared OTC derivative transactions because generally a clearing organization becomes substituted for each counterparty to a cleared derivative contract and, in effect, guarantees the parties’ performance under the contract as each party to a trade looks only to the clearing house for performance of
 
financial obligations. However, there can be no assurance that a clearing house, or its members, will satisfy the clearing house’s obligations (including, but not limited to, financial obligations and legal obligations to segregate margins collected by the clearing house) to the Fund. Counterparty risk with respect to certain exchange-traded and
over-the-counter
derivatives may be further complicated by recently enacted U.S. financial reform legislation.
See
Derivatives Risk.
Joint Ventures Risk.
From time to time, the Fund may hold a portion of its investments through partnerships, joint ventures, securitization vehicles or other entities with third-party investors (collectively, “joint ventures”). Joint venture investments involve various risks, including risks similar to those associated with a direct investment in a portfolio company, the risk that the Fund will not be able to implement investment decisions or exit strategies because of limitations on the Fund’s control under applicable agreements with joint venture partners, the risk that a joint venture partner may become bankrupt or may at any time have economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent with those of the Fund, the risk that a joint venture partner may be in a position to take action contrary to the Fund’s objectives, the risk of liability based upon the actions of a joint venture partner and the risk of disputes or litigation with such partner and the inability to enforce fully all rights (or the incurrence of additional risk in connection with enforcement of rights) one partner may have against the other, including in connection with foreclosure on partner loans, because of risks arising under state law. The Fund’s ability to exercise control or significant influence over management in these cooperative efforts will depend upon the nature of the joint venture arrangement, and certain joint venture arrangements may pose risks of impasse if no single party controls the joint venture, including the risk that the Fund will not be able to implement investment decisions or exit strategies because of limitations on the Fund’s control under applicable agreements with joint venture partners. In addition, the Fund may, in certain cases, be liable for actions of the Fund’s joint venture partners.
The joint ventures in which the Fund participates may sometimes be allocated investment opportunities that might have otherwise gone entirely to the Fund, which may reduce the Fund’s return on equity. Additionally, the Fund’s joint venture investments may be held on an unconsolidated basis and at times may be highly leveraged. Such leverage would not count toward the investment limits imposed on the Fund by the Investment Company Act. If an investment in an unconsolidated joint venture were to be consolidated for any reason, the leverage of such joint venture could impact the Fund’s ability to maintain the minimum coverage ratio of total assets to total borrowings and other senior securities required under the Investment Company Act, which could have an effect on the Fund’s operations and investment activities. See “
Leverage Risk
.”
Investing Alongside Other Third Parties Risk.
The Fund may invest alongside third parties through joint ventures, partnerships or other entities in the future. Such investments may involve risks not present in investments where a third party is not involved, including the possibility that such third party may at any time have economic or business interests or goals which are inconsistent with the Fund’s, or may be in a position to take action contrary to the Fund’s investment objective. In addition, the Fund may in certain circumstances be liable for actions of such third party.
More specifically, joint ventures involve a third party that has approval rights over activity of the joint venture. The third party may take actions that are inconsistent with the Fund’s interests. For example, the third party may decline to approve an investment for the joint venture that the Fund otherwise wants the joint venture to make. A joint venture may also use investment leverage which magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested. Generally, the amount of borrowing by the joint venture is not included when calculating the Fund’s total borrowing and related leverage ratios and is not subject to asset coverage requirements imposed by the Investment Company Act. If the activities of the joint venture were required to be consolidated with the Fund’s activities because of a change in GAAP rules or SEC staff interpretations, it is likely that the Fund would have to reorganize any such joint venture.
Competition Risk.
Other public and private entities, including commercial banks, commercial financing companies, business development companies, registered investment companies and other investment funds and
 
insurance companies, compete with us to make the types of investments that we make. Certain of these competitors may be substantially larger, have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we have and offer a wider array of financial services. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships. We may lose investment opportunities if we do not match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure. If we match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure, however, we may experience decreased net interest income and increased risk of credit loss.
In addition, many competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the Investment Company Act imposes on us as a registered investment company or the restrictions that the Code imposes on us as a RIC. As a result, we face additional constraints on our operations, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage. As a result of this existing and potentially increasing competition, we may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities and we cannot assure investors that we will be able to identify and make investments that are consistent with our investment objective. The competitive pressures we face could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment objective.
Potential Strategy Saturation.
The amount of capital committed to “alternative investment strategies” and credit related strategies has increased dramatically during recent years and at the same time, market conditions have become significantly more adverse to many of such strategies than they were in previous years. The profit potential of the Fund may be materially reduced as a result of the “saturation” of the alternative investment field.
Risk of Borrowing.
As part of our business strategy, we intend to borrow from and may in the future issue senior debt securities to banks, insurance companies and other lenders. Holders of these loans or senior securities would have fixed-dollar claims on our assets that have priority over the claims of our shareholders. If the value of our assets decreases, leverage will cause our net asset value to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have without leverage. Similarly, any decrease in our income would cause our net income to decline more sharply than it would have if we had not borrowed. This decline could negatively affect our ability to make dividend payments on our Common Shares. In addition, we would have to service any additional debt that we incur, including interest expense on debt and dividends on preferred shares that we may issue, as well as the fees and costs related to the entry into or amendments to debt facilities. Our ability to service our borrowings depends largely on our financial performance and is subject to prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures. In addition, the Management Fee is payable based on our Managed Assets, including cash and assets acquired through the use of leverage, which may give our Adviser an incentive to use leverage to make additional investments. Even in the event the value of an investor’s investment declines, the Management Fee will still be payable to the Adviser. The amount of leverage that we employ will depend on our Adviser’s and our Board’s assessment of market and other factors at the time of any proposed borrowing. We cannot assure investors that we will be able to obtain credit at all or on terms acceptable to us.
We may enter into credit facilities or issue debt pursuant to indentures that may impose financial and operating covenants that restrict our business activities, remedies on default and similar matters. Our compliance with these covenants depends on many factors, some of which are beyond our control. Failure to comply with these covenants could result in a default. If we were unable to obtain a waiver of a default from the lenders or holders of that indebtedness, as applicable, those lenders or holders could accelerate repayment under that indebtedness. An acceleration could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Lastly, we may be unable to obtain additional leverage, which would, in turn, affect our return on capital.
Risk of Indebtedness.
Our indebtedness could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. We cannot assure investors that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available to us under our credit facilities or otherwise in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs. We may need to refinance all or a portion
 
of our indebtedness on or before it matures. We cannot assure investors that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we cannot service our indebtedness, we may have to take actions such as selling assets or seeking additional equity. We cannot assure investors that any such actions, if necessary, could be effected on commercially reasonable terms or at all, or on terms that would not be disadvantageous to our shareholders or on terms that would not require us to breach the terms and conditions of our existing or future debt agreements.
Leverage Risk.
The use of leverage is speculative and involves certain risks. Although leverage will increase the Fund’s investment return if the Fund’s investment purchased with borrowed funds earns a greater return than the interest expense the Fund pays for the use of those funds, leverage magnifies the Fund’s exposure to declines in the value of one or more underlying reference assets or creates investment risk with respect to a larger pool of assets than the Fund would otherwise have and may be considered a speculative technique. The value of an investment in the Fund will be more volatile, and other risks tend to be compounded if and to the extent the Fund borrows or uses derivatives or other investments that have embedded leverage. The use of leverage will decrease the return on the Fund if the Fund fails to earn as much on its investment purchased with borrowed funds as it pays for the use of those funds. The use of leverage will in this way magnify the volatility of changes in the value of an investment in the Fund, especially in times of a “credit crunch” or during general market turmoil. The Fund may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with its borrowings or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate. In addition, a lender to the Fund may terminate or refuse to renew any credit facility into which the Fund has entered. If the Fund is unable to access additional credit, it may be forced to sell its interests in investment funds at inopportune times, which may further depress the Fund’s returns.
Credit Facility Provisions Risk.
A credit facility may be backed by all or a portion of the Fund’s loans and securities on which the lenders will have a security interest. The Fund may pledge up to 100% of its assets and may grant a security interest in all of the Fund’s assets under the terms of a debt instrument the Fund enters into with lenders. The Fund expects that any security interests it grants will be set forth in a pledge and security agreement and evidenced by the filing of financing statements by the agent for the lenders. In addition, the Fund expects that the custodian for its securities serving as collateral for such loan would include in its electronic systems notices indicating the existence of such security interests and, following notice of occurrence of an event of default, if any, and during its continuance, will only accept transfer instructions with respect to any such securities from the lender or its designee. If the Fund were to default under the terms of any debt instrument, the agent for the applicable lenders would be able to assume control of the timing of disposition of any or all of the Fund’s assets securing such debt, which would have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In connection with one or more credit facilities entered into by the Fund, distributions to shareholders may be subordinated to payments required in connection with any indebtedness contemplated thereby.
In addition, any security interests and/or negative covenants required by a credit facility may limit the Fund’s ability to create liens on assets to secure additional debt and may make it difficult for the Fund to restructure or refinance indebtedness at or prior to maturity or obtain additional debt or equity financing. In addition, if the Fund’s borrowing base under a credit facility were to decrease, the Fund may be required to secure additional assets in an amount sufficient to cure any borrowing base deficiency. In the event that all of the Fund’s assets are secured at the time of such a borrowing base deficiency, the Fund could be required to repay advances under a credit facility or make deposits to a collection account, either of which could have a material adverse impact on its ability to fund future investments and to make distributions.
In addition, the Fund may be subject to limitations as to how borrowed funds may be used, which may include restrictions on geographic and industry concentrations, loan size, payment frequency and status, average life, collateral interests and investment ratings, as well as regulatory restrictions on leverage which may affect the amount of funding that may be obtained. There may also be certain requirements relating to portfolio
 
performance, including required minimum portfolio yield and limitations on delinquencies and charge-offs, a violation of which could limit further advances and, in some cases, result in an event of default. An event of default under a credit facility could result in an accelerated maturity date for all amounts outstanding thereunder, which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business and financial condition. This could reduce the Fund’s liquidity and cash flow and impair its ability to grow its business.
Risks Related to the Fund’s
Investments
Debt Instruments
. The debt instruments
in which the Fund will invest may be subject to price volatility due to various factors including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity. The Fund will invest in
non-investment
grade debt securities, which are typically subject to greater market fluctuations and risks of loss of income and principal than lower yielding, investment grade securities and are often influenced by many of the same unpredictable factors which affect equity prices. In addition to the sensitivity of debt securities to overall interest-rate movements, debt securities involve a fundamental credit risk based on the issuer’s ability to make principal and interest payments on the debt it issues. The Fund’s investments in debt instruments may experience substantial losses due to adverse changes in interest rates and the market’s perception of any particular issuer’s creditworthiness, which may inhibit such issuer’s ability to refinance, restructure or otherwise experience recovery. The Fund also will invest in certain hybrid debt arrangements, which are subject to risks in addition to the conventional risks of general interest-rate movements and the issuer’s ability to pay the debt in accordance with its terms.
Corporate Bonds Risk.
The market value of a corporate bond generally may be expected to rise and fall inversely with interest rates. The market value of intermediate and longer term corporate bonds is generally more sensitive to changes in interest rates than is the market value of shorter term corporate bonds. The market value of a corporate bond also may be affected by factors directly related to the issuer, such as investors’ perceptions of the creditworthiness of the issuer, the issuer’s financial performance, perceptions of the issuer in the market place, performance of management of the issuer, the issuer’s capital structure and use of financial leverage and demand for the issuer’s goods and services. There is a risk that the issuers of corporate bonds may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by an instrument. Corporate bonds of below investment grade quality are often high risk and have speculative characteristics and may be particularly susceptible to adverse issuer-specific developments.
Distressed and Defaulted Credits
. The Fund will invest in securities of issuers in weak financial condition or default, experiencing poor operating results, having substantial capital needs or negative net worth, facing special competitive or product obsolescence problems, or involved in bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings. Investments of this type may involve substantial financial and business risks that can result in substantial or at times even total losses. Among the risks inherent in investments in troubled entities is the fact that it frequently may be difficult to obtain information as to the true condition of such issuers. Such investments also may be adversely affected by laws relating to, among other things, fraudulent transfers and other voidable transfers or payments, lender liability, and a tribunal’s power to disallow, reduce, subordinate, or disenfranchise particular claims. The market prices of such securities are also subject to abrupt and erratic market movements and above-average price volatility, and the spread between the bid and asked prices of such securities may be greater than those prevailing in other securities markets. It may take a number of years for the market price of such securities to reflect their intrinsic value. In liquidation (both in and out of bankruptcy) and other forms of corporate reorganization, there exists the risk that the reorganization either will be unsuccessful (due to, for example, failure to obtain requisite approvals), will be delayed (e.g., until various liabilities, actual or contingent, have been satisfied) or will result in a distribution of cash or a new security the value of which will be less than the purchase price to the Fund of the security in respect to which such distribution was made.
Bank Loans
. The Fund will invest in loans and participations therein originated by banks and other financial institutions. These investments may include highly leveraged loans to borrowers whose credit is rated below investment grade. Such loans are typically private corporate loans that are negotiated by one or more commercial
 
banks or financial institutions and syndicated among a group of commercial banks and financial institutions. In order to induce the lenders to extend credit and to offer a favorable interest rate, the borrower often provides the lenders with extensive information about its business that is not generally available to the public. To the extent that the Fund obtains such information and it is material and nonpublic, the Fund will be unable to trade in the securities of the borrower until the information is disclosed to the public or otherwise ceases to be material, nonpublic information.
The Fund may invest directly or through participations in loans with revolving credit features or other commitments or guarantees to lend funds in the future. A failure by the Fund to advance requested funds to a borrower could result in claims against the Fund and in possible assertions of offsets against amounts previously lent.
The Fund may acquire interests in bank loans and other debt obligations either directly (by way of sale or assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation). The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a lender under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, its rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution. A participation interest in a portion of a debt obligation typically results in a contractual relationship with only the institution acting as a lender under the credit agreement, not with the borrower. As a holder of a participation interest, the Fund generally will have no right to exercise the rights of the lender under the credit agreement, including the right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement, approve amendments or waivers of terms, nor will the Fund have any rights of
set-off
against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, the Fund will be exposed to the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution selling the participation.
Risks Associated with Issuers in Bankruptcy and/or Liquidation
. Investments made by the Fund may become
non-performing
or enter into default, and the issuer or obligor may be forced to enter into bankruptcy or liquidation proceedings. Events within a bankruptcy case are frequently adversarial and beyond the control of creditors. While creditors generally are afforded an opportunity to object to significant actions, a bankruptcy court may approve actions that may be contrary to the interests of the Fund. Furthermore, creditors and equity holders may lose their ranking and priority when they take over management and functional operating control of a debtor.
The duration of a bankruptcy cannot be estimated with any degree of certainty. Generally, no interest will be permitted to accrue during, and, therefore, return on investment may be adversely affected by, the passage of time during which a plan of reorganization of a debtor is being negotiated, approved by the creditors and confirmed by a bankruptcy court.
The Adviser, on behalf of the Fund, may seek representation on creditors’ committees, equity holders’ committees or other groups to ensure preservation or enhancement of the Fund’s position as a creditor or equity holder. A member of any such committee or group may owe certain obligations generally to all parties similarly situated that the committee represents. If the Adviser concludes that its obligations owed to the other parties as a committee or group member conflict with its duties owed to the Fund, it may decide to resign from that committee or group, and the Fund may not realize the benefits, if any, of the Adviser’s participation on the committee or group. In addition, if the Fund is represented on a committee or group, it may be restricted or prohibited under applicable law from disposing of its investments in that debtor while it continues to be represented on such committee or group.
Equities
. The Fund may invest in equities (particularly in connection with its private credit strategy), deferred interest obligations and other investments which do not produce current income for the Fund. Equity prices are directly affected by issuer-specific events, as well as general market conditions. In addition, in many countries investing in equity is subject to heightened regulatory and self-regulatory scrutiny as compared to investing in debt or other financial instruments.
 
Derivative Instruments Generally
. Certain swaps, options and other derivative instruments may be subject to various types of risks, including market risk, liquidity risk, the risk of
non-performance
by the counterparty, including risks relating to the financial soundness and creditworthiness of the counterparty, legal risk and operations risk. Derivatives traded
over-the-counter
may not have an authoritative source of valuation and the models used to value such derivatives is subject to change. In addition, the Fund may, in the future, take advantage of opportunities. Special risks may apply in the future that cannot be determined at this time with respect to certain other derivative instruments that are not presently contemplated for use or that are currently not available. The regulatory and tax environment for derivative instruments in which the Fund may participate is evolving, and changes in the regulation or taxation of such securities may have a material adverse effect on the Fund.
 
   
Call Options
. The seller (writer) of a call option which is covered (i.e., the writer holds the underlying security) assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the purchase price of the underlying security less the premium received, and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered call option assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The securities necessary to satisfy the exercise of an uncovered call option may be unavailable for purchase, except at much higher prices, thereby reducing or eliminating the value of the premium. Purchasing securities to cover the exercise of an uncovered call option can cause the price of the securities to increase, thereby exacerbating the loss. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its entire premium investment in the call option.
 
   
Put Options
. The seller (writer) of a put option which is covered (i.e., the writer has a short position in the underlying security) assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of the underlying security plus the premium received, and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security if the market price falls below the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option assumes the risk of losing its entire investment in the put option.
 
   
Index or Index Options
. The value of an index or index option fluctuates with changes in the market values of the securities included in the index. Because the value of an index or index option depends upon movements in the level of the index rather than the price of a particular security, whether the Fund will realize appreciation or depreciation from the purchase or writing of options on indices depends upon movements in the level of instrument prices in the security market generally or, in the case of certain indices, in an industry or market segment, rather than movements in the price of particular securities.
 
   
Index Futures
. The price of index futures contracts may not correlate perfectly with the movement in the underlying index because of certain market distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, shareholders may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions that would distort the normal relationship between the index and futures markets. Second, from the point of view of speculators, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market also may cause price distortions. Successful use of index futures contracts by the Fund also is subject to the Adviser’s ability to correctly predict movements in the direction of the market.
 
   
Swaps
. Whether the Fund’s use of swap agreements or swaptions will be successful will depend on the Adviser’s ability to select appropriate transactions for the Fund. Swap agreements and options on swap agreements (“swaptions”) can be individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments, asset classes or market factors. Depending on their structure, swap agreements may increase or decrease the holder’s exposure to, for example, equity securities, long-term or short-term interest rates, foreign currency values, credit spreads or other factors. Swap agreements
 
 
can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. Swap transactions may be highly illiquid and may increase or decrease the volatility of the Fund’s portfolio. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or insolvency of its counterparty. The Fund will also bear the risk of loss related to swap agreements, for example, for breaches of such agreements or the failure of the Fund to post or maintain required collateral. It is possible that developments in the swap markets, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to terminate swap transactions or to realize amounts to be received under such transactions.
 
   
Futures Contracts
. The value of futures contracts depends upon the price of the securities, such as commodities, underlying them. The prices of futures contracts are highly volatile, and price movements of futures contracts can be influenced by, among other things, interest rates, changing supply and demand relationships, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies of governments, as well as national and international political and economic events and policies. In addition, investments in futures contracts are also subject to the risk of the failure of any of the exchanges on which the Fund’s positions trade or of its clearing houses or counterparties. Futures positions may be illiquid because certain commodity exchanges limit fluctuations in certain futures contract prices during a single day by regulations referred to as “daily price fluctuation limits” or “daily limits.” Under such daily limits, during a single trading day no trades may be executed at prices beyond the daily limits. Once the price of a particular futures contract has increased or decreased by an amount equal to the daily limit, positions in that contract can neither be taken nor liquidated unless traders are willing to effect trades at or within the limit. This could prevent the Fund from promptly liquidating unfavorable positions and subject the Fund to substantial losses or prevent it from entering into desired trades. Also, low margin or premiums normally required in such trading may provide a large amount of leverage, and a relatively small change in the price of a security or contract can produce a disproportionately larger profit or loss. In extraordinary circumstances, a futures exchange or the CFTC could suspend trading in a particular futures contract, or order liquidation or settlement of all open positions in such contract.
 
   
Forward Contracts
. Banking authorities generally do not regulate trading in forward contracts. The principals who deal in the forward contract market are not required to continue to make markets in such contracts. There have been periods during which certain participants in forward markets have refused to quote prices for forward contracts or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they were prepared to buy and that at which they were prepared to sell. The imposition of credit controls or price risk limitations by governmental authorities may limit such forward trading to less than that which the Adviser would otherwise recommend, to the possible detriment of the Fund. In its forward trading, the Fund will be subject to the risk of the failure of, or the inability or refusal to perform with respect to its forward contracts by, the principals with which the Fund trades. Fund assets on deposit with such principals will also generally not be protected by the same segregation requirements imposed on certain regulated brokers in respect of customer funds on deposit with them. The Adviser may order trades for the Fund in such markets through agents. Accordingly, the insolvency or bankruptcy of such parties could also subject the Fund to the risk of loss.
 
   
Contracts for Differences
. Contracts for differences (“CFDs”) are privately negotiated contracts between two parties, buyer and seller, stipulating that the seller will pay to or receive from the buyer the difference between the nominal value of the underlying instrument at the opening of the contract and that instrument’s value at the end of the contract. The underlying instrument may be a single security, stock basket or index. A CFD can be set up to take either a short or long position on the underlying instrument. The buyer and seller are both required to post margin, which is adjusted daily. The buyer will also pay to the seller a financing rate on the notional amount of the capital employed by the seller less the margin deposit. A CFD is usually terminated at the buyer’s initiative. As is the case with owning any financial instrument, there is the risk of loss associated with buying a CFD. There may be liquidity risk if the underlying instrument is illiquid because the liquidity of a CFD is based on the liquidity of the underlying
 
 
instrument. A further risk is that adverse movements in the underlying security will require the buyer to post additional margin. CFDs also carry counterparty risk, i.e., the risk that the counterparty to the CFD transaction may be unable or unwilling to make payments or to otherwise honor its financial obligations under the terms of the contract. If the counterparty were to do so, the value of the contract may be reduced. Entry into a CFD transaction may, in certain circumstances, require the payment of an initial margin and adverse market movements against the underlying stock may require the buyer to make additional margin payments. CFDs may be considered illiquid. To the extent that there is an imperfect correlation between the return on the Fund’s obligation to its counterparty under the CFDs and the return on related assets in its portfolio, the CFD transaction may increase the Fund’s financial risk.
 
   
Credit Default Swaps
. The Fund may purchase and sell credit derivative contracts – primarily credit default swaps – both for hedging and other purposes. The typical credit default swap contract requires the seller to pay to the buyer, in the event that a particular reference entity experiences specified credit events, the difference between the notional amount of the contract and the value of a portfolio of securities issued by the reference entity that they buyer delivers to the seller. In return, the buyer agrees to make periodic payments equal to a fixed percentage of the notional amount of the contract. The Fund may also sell credit default swaps on a basket of reference entities as part of a synthetic collateralized debt obligation transaction.
As a buyer of credit default swaps, the Fund will be exposed to the risk that deliverable securities will not be available in the market, or will be available only at unfavorable prices, as would be the case in a
so-called
“short squeeze.” While the credit default swap market auction protocols reduce this risk, it is still possible that an auction will not be organized or will be unsuccessful. In certain instances of issuer defaults or restructurings (for those credit default swaps for which restructuring is specified as a credit event), it has been unclear under the standard industry documentation for credit default swaps whether or not a “credit event” triggering the seller’s payment obligation has occurred. The creation of the new ISDA Credit Derivative Determination Committee (the “Determination Committee”) is intended to reduce this uncertainty and create uniformity across the market, although it is possible that the Determinations Committee will not be able to reach a resolution or do so on a timely basis. In either of these cases, the Fund would not be able to realize the full value of the credit default swap upon a default by the reference entity.
As a seller of credit default swaps, the Fund will incur leveraged exposure to the credit of the reference entity and is subject to many of the same risks it would incur if it were holding debt securities issued by the reference entity. However, the Fund will not have any legal recourse against the reference entity and will not benefit from any collateral securing the reference entity’s debt obligations. In addition, the credit default swap buyer will have broad discretion to select which of the reference entity’s debt obligations to deliver to the Fund following a credit event and will likely choose the obligations with the lowest market value in order to maximize the payment obligations of the Fund.
Credit default swaps generally trade on the basis of theoretical pricing and valuation models, which may not accurately value such swap positions when established or when subsequently traded or unwound under actual market conditions.
It appears that there are likely to be widespread defaults under certain credit default swaps as a result of the current credit market disruptions. The credit derivative market may become subject to increased regulation, which could increase costs or even prevent participation by the Fund.
Failure to Enter into Offsetting Trade
. To the extent the Fund invests in a futures contract or option long, unless an offsetting trade is made, the Fund would be required to take physical delivery of the commodity underlying the future or option. To the extent the Adviser fails to enter into such offsetting trade prior to the expiration of the contract, the Fund may suffer a loss since neither the Fund nor the Adviser has the operational capacity to accept physical delivery of commodities.
 
Illiquid Investments
. The Fund may invest in restricted, as well as thinly-traded, instruments and securities (including privately placed securities and instruments). The Fund may also make investments in privately held companies or special purpose entities, provided that it is allowed under the applicable regulation. There may be no trading market for these securities and instruments, and the Fund might only be able to liquidate these positions, if at all, at disadvantageous prices. As a result, the Fund may be required to hold such securities despite adverse price movements. In addition, if the Fund makes a short sale of an illiquid security or instrument, it may have difficulty in covering the short sale, resulting in a potentially unlimited loss on that position.
Convertible Securities Risk
.
Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a specified amount of common stock or other equity security of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles its holder to receive interest that is generally paid or accrued on debt or a dividend that is paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to nonconvertible income securities in that they ordinarily provide a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than those of common stocks of the same or similar issuers, but lower yields than comparable nonconvertible securities. The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also may have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure but are usually subordinated to comparable nonconvertible securities. Convertible securities may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument.
Many convertible securities have credit ratings that are below investment grade and are subject to the same risks as an investment in lower-rated debt securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”). Lower-rated debt securities involve greater risks than investment grade debt securities. Lower-rated debt securities may fluctuate more widely in price and yield and may fall in price during times when the economy is weak or is expected to become weak. The credit rating of a company’s convertible securities is generally lower than that of its
non-convertible
debt securities. Convertible securities are normally considered “junior” securities—that is, the company usually must pay interest on its
non-convertible
debt securities before it can make payments on its convertible securities. If the issuer stops paying interest or principal, convertible securities may become worthless and the Fund could lose its entire investment.
Additionally, a convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock or sell it to a third party. Any of these actions could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.
Warrants
. The Fund expects to invest, or receive as additional consideration for its credit investments, warrants from time to time. Warrants are generally exercisable for a set period of time at a purchase price is based on the valuation of the underlying security as of a certain date. If the price of the underlying security does not exceed the exercise price of a warrant when it is exercisable, the warrant may not have any value. Additionally, until the Fund exercises the warrant, it generally will not provide the Fund with any rights of a holder of such security.
Purchasing Securities in Initial Public Offerings
. The Fund purchases securities of companies in initial public offerings or shortly thereafter. Special risks associated with these securities may include a limited number of shares available for trading, unseasoned trading, lack of investor knowledge of the company, lack of revenues and limited operating history. These factors may contribute to substantial price volatility for the shares of these companies. The limited number of shares available for trading in some initial public offerings may make it more difficult for the Fund to buy or sell significant amounts of shares without an unfavorable impact on prevailing
market prices. Such risks may be exacerbated if one or more Other Accounts (defined below) attempt to buy or sell the same securities as the Fund in any public offering. In addition, some companies in initial public offerings are involved in relatively new industries or lines of business, which may not be widely understood by investors. Some of these companies may be undercapitalized or regarded as developmental stage companies, without revenues or operating income, or the near-term prospects of achieving them.
Lender Liability Considerations and Equitable Subordination
. In recent years, a number of judicial decisions in the United States have upheld the right of borrowers to sue lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories (collectively termed “lender liability”). Generally, lender liability is founded upon the premise that an institutional lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith and fair dealing owed to the obligor or has assumed a degree of control over the obligor that creates a fiduciary duty owed to the obligor or its other creditors or shareholders. Because of the nature of the loans, the Fund could be subject to allegations of lender liability made against it with respect to U.S. investments, if any, as part of a group of lenders and may be liable for pro rata liabilities of the agent or lead lender. In addition, under common law principles that in some cases form the basis for lender liability claims, if a lending institution (i) intentionally takes an action that results in the undercapitalization of an obligor to the detriment of other creditors of such obligor, (ii) engages in other inequitable conduct to the detriment of such other creditors, (iii) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to, such other creditors or (iv) uses its influence as a stockholder to dominate or control an obligor to the detriment of other creditors of such obligor, a court may elect to subordinate the claim of the offending lending institution to the claims of the disadvantaged creditor or creditors, a remedy called “equitable subordination”. Because of the nature of certain of the loans, the Fund could be subject to claims from creditors of an obligor that loans issued by such obligor should be equitably subordinated.
Market and Credit Risks of Debt Securities.
Debt securities are subject to credit and interest rate risks. “Credit risk” refers to the likelihood that an issuer will default in the payment of principal and/or interest on an instrument and how this risk changes over time. Financial strength and solvency of an issuer and the priority of the lien are the primary factors influencing credit risk. In addition, lack or inadequacy of collateral or credit enhancement for a debt instrument may affect its credit risk. Certain of the Fund’s investments may provide for
payment-in-kind
interest, which has a similar effect of deferring current cash payments. In addition, certain of the Fund’s investments may have an interest-only payment schedule, with the principal amount remaining outstanding and at risk until the maturity of the investment. Further, credit risk may change over the life of an instrument and debt instruments that are rated by rating agencies are subject to downgrade at a later date. The Fund will be dependent upon the judgment of the Adviser as to the credit quality of the investments. There can be no assurance that the Adviser will be successful in assessing the credit risk of the different investments or mitigating the impact of credit risk changes.
Real Estate Investment Trust Risk
. The Fund may invest in Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”). REITs are companies that invest primarily in income-producing real estate or real estate-related loans or interests. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders, provided they comply with the applicable requirements of the Code. Debt securities issued by REITs are, for the most part, general and unsecured obligations and are subject to risks associated with REITs. Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. An equity REIT may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying properties owned by the REIT. A mortgage REIT may be affected by changes in interest rates and the ability of the issuers of its portfolio mortgages to repay their obligations. REITs are dependent upon the skills of their managers and are not diversified. REITs are generally dependent upon maintaining cash flows to repay borrowings and to make distributions to shareholders and are subject to the risk of default by lessees or borrowers. REITs whose underlying assets are concentrated in properties used by a particular industry, such as health care or geographic
 
area, are also subject to risks associated with such industry or geographic area. REITs are also subject to interest rate risk. When interest rates decline, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to decline. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a limited volume, and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities.
Commercial Mortgage Loans
. The Fund or a REIT may invest in commercial mortgage loans. Mortgage loans on commercial properties often are structured so that a substantial portion of the loan principal is not amortized over the loan term but is payable at maturity, and thus the repayment of the loan principal often depends upon the future availability of real estate financing from the existing or an alternative lender and/or upon the current value and salability of the real estate. Therefore, the unavailability of real estate financing may lead to default. Many commercial mortgage loans are effectively nonrecourse obligations of the borrower, meaning that there is no recourse against the borrower’s assets other than the collateral. If borrowers are not able or willing to refinance or dispose of encumbered property to pay the principal and interest owed on such mortgage loans, payments on such loans are likely to be adversely affected. The ultimate extent of the loss, if any, may only be determined after a negotiated discounted settlement, restructuring or sale of the mortgage note, or the foreclosure (or deed in lieu of foreclosure) of the mortgage encumbering the property and subsequent liquidation of the property. Foreclosure can be costly and delayed by litigation and/or bankruptcy. Factors such as the property’s location, the legal status of title to the property, its physical condition and financial performance, environmental risks and governmental disclosure requirements with respect to the condition of the property may make a third party unwilling to purchase the property at a foreclosure sale or to pay a price sufficient to satisfy the obligations with respect to the related loans. Revenues from the assets underlying such loans may be retained by the borrower and the return on investment may be used to make payments to others, maintain insurance coverage, pay taxes or pay maintenance costs. Such diverted revenue is generally not recoverable without a court-appointed receiver to control collateral cash flow.
Risk Transfer Transactions
. The Fund may make investments in synthetic securitizations, including investments in instruments issued directly or indirectly by banks and/or other financial institutions that are intended to reduce such entities’ regulatory capital obligations (“Risk Transfer Transactions”). Such synthetic securitizations are expected to expose clients to risks related to both (a) the instruments in which such clients are expected to invest directly (i.e., the credit-linked notes, financial guarantees, financial guarantee-linked notes, credit protection agreements, other credit risk transfer instruments, and other instruments related to synthetic securitizations (or combination thereof) that are issued, directly or indirectly, by such banks and/or other financial institutions), and (b) the “underlying exposures” referenced by or related to such instruments (i.e., the securities, instruments, interests, and/or property underlying any such synthetic securitization). Risk Transfer Transactions are extremely complex and subject to various material risks, including risks related to the relevant underlying exposures. Such risks include counterparty
non-performance,
credit, illiquidity, lack of transparency, adverse selection, market, geographical concentration, legal, basis, operational, and regulatory risks. Synthetic securitizations typically are divided into tranches representing different degrees of credit quality, with mezzanine and other junior tranches being subordinate to senior tranches. The Fund is expected to invest in such subordinated junior tranches, including “first-loss” positions (which could represent all or substantially all of investments). It is expected that the returns on the junior tranches of a synthetic securitization would be particularly sensitive to the rate of defaults in such synthetic securitization’s underlying exposures, and junior tranches would be expected to be subject to a risk of loss that is (possibly materially) higher than the risk of loss applicable to more senior tranches. However, there are no restrictions on the tranches in which the Fund may directly or indirectly invest. In addition, synthetic securitizations typically will be highly illiquid. There is expected to be no (or only a limited) secondary market for certain such assets and, to the extent a market exists, no assurance can be given that such market will continue to exist in the future. Further, banks and other financial institutions are heavily regulated, and the regulatory capital requirements applicable to such institutions are often complex and may be open to interpretation. Accordingly, the Fund would be subject to significant regulatory risk in connection with synthetic securitizations, including with respect to Risk Transfer Transactions in particular. Such risks include the risk of regulatory sanction, reputational harm, regulatory decisions or actions that result in
 
the premature unwinding of the applicable transaction, and changes in applicable regulatory capital and/or other similar laws or regulations and/or their interpretation. Similarly, certain synthetic securitizations may be deemed by relevant authorities to constitute insurance products. Because the Fund is not expected to obtain a license to provide insurance, any such synthetic securitization could expose the Fund to liability for unlicensed insurance activity. In addition, any such synthetic securitization could expose clients to negative tax consequences. The Fund is expected to pursue synthetic securitizations with various types of underlying exposures. Such underlying exposures are expected to include corporate loans, small and medium enterprise loans, revolving credit facilities, project finance loans, fund finance loans, leases, shipping and airline loans, commercial loans (including commercial real estate), mortgage loans, consumer loans, and/or derivatives (i.e., in “credit valuation adjustment” transactions). Further, such underlying exposures might be secured and/or unsecured and might be investment grade and/or
sub-investment
grade. There is no limitation on the types of synthetic securitizations and underlying exposures that the Fund can pursue and/or on the geographic location of any such synthetic securitization or underlying exposure. In particular, such underlying exposures may be located in any region, including in one or more emerging markets, and therefore may be subject to various political, social, economic, market, and/or other risks related to investing and trading in, or otherwise related to, international markets and/or with international counterparties, any of which could increase the likelihood of a default or other credit event. Further, the underlying exposures associated with a particular synthetic securitization might be uniform or varied in nature, and in certain cases the Adviser is expected not to have significant (or any) information about such underlying exposures. In addition, the performance of certain underlying exposures is expected to be correlated (e.g., if the underlying exposures are uniform and/or otherwise subject to the same types of market and/or other risks), and the risks associated with any such correlated underlying exposures are expected to be particularly acute.
Private Credit Risk.
Typically, private credit investments are in restricted securities that are not traded in public markets and subject to substantial holding periods, so that the Fund may not be able to resell some of its holdings for extended periods, which may be several years. Investments in private securities are illiquid, can be subject to various restrictions on resale, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to realize the value of such investments in a timely manner. See “
Closed-End
Interval Fund Structure
.” Additionally, private credit investments can range in credit quality depending on security-specific factors, including total leverage, amount of leverage senior to the security in question, variability in the issuer’s cash flows, the size of the issuer, the quality of assets securing debt and the degree to which such assets cover the subject company’s debt obligations.
Price Declines in the U.S. Corporate Debt Market Risk.
Conditions in the U.S. corporate debt market may deteriorate, which may cause pricing levels to similarly decline or be volatile. During the 2008-2009 financial crisis, many institutions were forced to raise cash by selling their interests in performing assets in order to satisfy margin requirements or the equivalent of margin requirements imposed by their lenders and/or, in the case of hedge funds and other investment vehicles, to satisfy widespread redemption requests. This resulted in a forced deleveraging cycle of price declines, compulsory sales, and further price declines, with falling underlying credit values, and other constraints resulting from the credit crisis generating further selling pressure. If similar events occurred in the corporate debt market, the Fund’s NAV could decline through an increase in unrealized depreciation and incurrence of realized losses in connection with the sale of the Fund’s investments, which could have a material adverse impact on the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Yield and Ratings Risk.
The yields on debt obligations are dependent on a variety of factors, including general market conditions, conditions in the particular market for the obligation, the financial condition of the issuer, the size of the offering, the maturity of the obligation and the ratings of the issue. The ratings of Moody’s, S&P and Fitch, represent their respective opinions as to the quality of the obligations they undertake to rate. Ratings, however, are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, obligations with the same rating, maturity and interest rate may have different market prices. Subsequent to its purchase by the Fund, a rated security may cease to be rated. The Adviser will consider such an event in determining whether the Fund should continue to hold the security.
 
Structured Products Risk.
The Fund may invest its assets in structured products, including the rated debt tranches of CLOs, floating rate mortgage-backed securities and credit linked notes. Holders of structured products bear risks of the underlying investments, index or reference obligation and are subject to counterparty risk.
The Fund may have the right to receive payments only from the structured product, and generally will not have direct rights against the issuer or the entity that sold the assets to be securitized. While certain structured products enable the investor to acquire interests in a pool of securities without the brokerage and other expenses associated with directly holding the same securities, investors in structured products generally pay their share of the structured product’s administrative and other expenses. Although it is difficult to predict whether the prices of indices and securities underlying structured products will rise or fall, these prices (and, therefore, the prices of structured products) will be influenced by the same types of political and economic events that affect issuers of securities and capital markets generally. If the issuer of a structured product uses shorter term financing to purchase longer term securities, the issuer may be forced to sell its securities at below market prices if it experiences difficulty in obtaining short-term financing, which may adversely affect the value of the structured products owned by the Fund.
Investments in structured notes involve risks, including credit risk and market risk. Where the Fund’s investments in structured notes will be based upon the movement of one or more factors, including currency exchange rates, interest rates, referenced bonds and stock indices, depending on the factor used and the use of multipliers or deflators, changes in interest rates and movement of the factor may cause significant price fluctuations. Additionally, changes in the reference instrument or security may cause the interest rate on the structured note to be reduced to zero, and any further changes in the reference instrument may then reduce the principal amount payable on maturity. Structured notes may be less liquid than other types of securities and more volatile than the reference instrument or security underlying the note.
CLO Risk.
In addition to the general risks associated with debt securities and structured products discussed herein, CLOs carry additional risks, including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the possibility that the investments in CLOs are subordinate to other classes or tranches thereof; (iv) the potential of spread compression in the underlying loans of the CLOs, which could reduce credit enhancement in the CLOs; and (v) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.
CLO junior debt securities that the Fund may acquire are subordinated to more senior tranches of CLO debt. CLO junior debt securities are subject to increased risks of default relative to the holders of superior priority interests in the same securities. In addition, at the time of issuance, CLO equity securities are under-collateralized in that the liabilities of a CLO at inception exceed its total assets. Though not exclusively, the Fund will typically be in a first loss or subordinated position with respect to realized losses on the assets of the CLOs in which it is invested. The Fund may recognize phantom taxable income from its investments in the subordinated tranches of CLOs.
Between the closing date and the effective date of a CLO, the CLO collateral manager will generally expect to purchase additional collateral obligations for the CLO. During this period, the price and availability of these collateral obligations may be adversely affected by a number of market factors, including price volatility and availability of investments suitable for the CLO, which could hamper the ability of the collateral manager to acquire a portfolio of collateral obligations that will satisfy specified concentration limitations and allow the CLO to reach the initial par amount of collateral prior to the effective date. An inability or delay in reaching the target initial par amount of collateral may adversely affect the timing and amount of interest or principal payments received by the holders of the CLO debt securities and distributions of the CLO on equity securities and could result in early redemptions which may cause CLO debt and equity investors to receive less than the face value of their investment.
 
The failure by a CLO in which the Fund invests to satisfy financial covenants, including with respect to adequate collateralization and/or interest coverage tests, could lead to a reduction in the CLO’s payments to the Fund. In the event that a CLO fails certain tests, holders of CLO senior debt may be entitled to additional payments that would, in turn, reduce the payments the Fund would otherwise be entitled to receive. Separately, the Fund may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants, with a defaulting CLO or any other investment the Fund may make. If any of these occur, it could adversely affect the Fund’s operating results and cash flows.
The Fund’s CLO investments are exposed to leveraged credit risk. If certain minimum collateral value ratios and/or interest coverage ratios are not met by a CLO, primarily due to senior secured loan defaults, then cash flow that otherwise would have been available to pay distributions to the Fund on its CLO investments may instead be used to redeem any senior notes or to purchase additional senior secured loans, until the ratios again exceed the minimum required levels or any senior notes are repaid in full.
When investing in CLOs, the Fund may invest in any level of a CLO’s subordination chain, including subordinated (lower-rated) tranches and residual interests (the lowest tranche). CLOs are typically highly levered and therefore, the junior debt and equity tranches that the Fund may invest in are subject to a higher risk of total loss and deferral or nonpayment of interest than the more senior tranches to which they are subordinated. In addition, the Fund will generally have the right to receive payments only from the CLOs, and will generally not have direct rights against the underlying borrowers or entities that sponsored the CLOs. Furthermore, the investments the Fund makes in CLOs are at times thinly traded or have only a limited trading market. As a result, investments in such CLOs may be characterized as illiquid securities.
Asset Backed Securities Risk.
Asset backed securities (“ABS”) and other securitizations, are generally limited recourse obligations of a special purpose vehicle issuer of such instruments (“Securitization Vehicles”) payable solely from the underlying assets (“Securitization Assets”) of the issuer or proceeds thereof. Consequently, holders of equity or other securities issued by Securitization Vehicles must rely solely on distributions on the Securitization Assets or proceeds thereof for payment in respect thereof. The Securitization Assets may include, without limitation, broadly-syndicated leveraged loans, middle-market bank loans, collateralized debt obligation debt tranches, trust preferred securities, insurance surplus notes, asset-backed securities, consumer loans, other receivables, mortgages, REITs, high-yield bonds, mezzanine debt, second-lien leverage loans, credit default swaps and emerging market debt and corporate bonds, which are subject to liquidity, market value, credit, interest rate, reinvestment and certain other risks.
The investment characteristics of ABS differ from traditional debt securities. Among the major differences are that interest and principal payments are made more frequently, usually monthly, and that the principal can generally be prepaid at any time because the underlying loans or other assets generally can be prepaid at any time.
The collateral supporting ABS is generally of shorter maturity than certain other types of loans and is less likely to experience substantial prepayments. ABS are often backed by pools of any variety of assets, including, for example, leases, mobile home loans and aircraft leases, which represent the obligations of a number of different parties and use credit enhancement techniques such as letters of credit, guarantees or preference rights. The market value of an ABS is affected by changes in the market’s perception of the asset backing the ABS and the creditworthiness of the servicer for the loan pool, the originator of the loans or the financial institution providing any credit enhancement, as well as by the expiration or removal of any credit enhancement.
The value of ABS, like that of traditional fixed income securities, typically increases when interest rates fall and decreases when interest rates rise. The price paid by the Fund for such securities, the yield the Fund expects to receive from such securities and the average life of such securities are based on a number of unpredictable factors, including the anticipated rate of prepayment of the underlying assets, and are therefore subject to the risk that the asset-backed security will lose value. ABS are also subject to the general risks associated with investing in physical assets such as real estate; that is, they could lose value if the value of the underlying asset declines.
 
Holders of ABS bear various other risks, including credit risks, liquidity risks, interest rate risks, market risks, operations risks, structural risks and legal risks.
Credit risk arises from (i) losses due to defaults by obligors under the underlying collateral and (ii) the issuing vehicle’s or servicer’s failure to perform their respective obligations under the transaction documents governing the ABS. These two risks can be related, as, for example, in the case of a servicer that does not provide adequate credit-review scrutiny to the underlying collateral, leading to a higher incidence of defaults.
Market risk arises from the cash flow characteristics of the ABS, which for most ABS tend to be predictable. The greatest variability in cash flows comes from credit performance, including the presence of wind-down or acceleration features designed to protect the investor in the event that credit losses in the portfolio rise well above expected levels.
Interest rate risk arises for the issuer from (x) the pricing terms on the underlying collateral, (y) the terms of the interest rate paid to holders of the ABS and (z) the need to mark to market the excess servicing or spread account proceeds carried on the issuing vehicle’s balance sheet. For the holder of the security, interest rate risk depends on the expected life of the ABS, which can depend on prepayments on the underlying assets or the occurrence of wind-down or termination events. If the servicer becomes subject to financial difficulty or otherwise ceases to be able to carry out its functions, it could be difficult to find other acceptable substitute servicers and cash flow disruptions or losses can occur, particularly with underlying collateral comprised of
non-standard
receivables or receivables originated by private retailers who collect many of the payments at their stores.
Structural and legal risks include the possibility that, in a bankruptcy or similar proceeding involving the originator or the servicer (often the same entity or affiliates), a court having jurisdiction over the proceeding could determine that, because of the degree to which cash flows on the assets of the issuing vehicle potentially have been commingled with cash flows on the originator’s other assets (or similar reasons), (a) the assets of the issuing vehicle could be treated as never having been truly sold by the originator to the issuing vehicle and could be substantively consolidated with those of the originator, or (b) the transfer of such assets to the issuer could be voided as a fraudulent transfer. The time and expense related to a challenge of such a determination also could result in losses and/or delayed cash flows.
In addition, investments in subordinated ABS involve greater credit risk of default than the senior classes of the issue or series. Default risks can be further pronounced in the case of ABS secured by, or evidencing an interest in, a relatively small or less diverse pool of underlying loans. Certain subordinated securities in an ABS issue generally absorb all losses from default before any other class of securities in such issue is at risk, particularly if such securities have been issued with little or no credit enhancement equity. Such securities, therefore, possess some of the attributes typically associated with equity investments.
Another risk associated with ABS is that the collateral that secures an ABS, such as credit card receivables, could be unsecured. In the case of credit card receivables, debtors are additionally entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer loan laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. For ABS that are backed by automobile receivables, such ABS pose a risk because most issuers of such ABS permit the servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. Because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issuance and technical requirements under state laws, the trustee for the holders of the ABS potentially will not have a proper security interest in all of the obligations backing such ABS. Therefore, there is a possibility that recoveries on repossessed collateral will not, in some cases, be available to support payments on these securities. As the foregoing shows, an underlying risk of investing in ABS is the dependence on debtors to timely pay their consumer loans.
In the case of ABS structured using Securitization Vehicles, Securitization Assets are typically actively managed by an investment manager, which may be the Adviser or its affiliates, and as a result, the Securitization
 
Assets will be traded, subject to rating agency and other constraints, by such investment manager. The aggregate return on these equity securities will depend in part upon the ability of each such investment manager to actively manage the related portfolio of Securitization Assets.
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk.
The collateral underlying mortgage-backed securities generally consists of commercial mortgages or real property that has a residential, multifamily or commercial use, such as retail space, office buildings, warehouse property and hotels. Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) have been issued in a variety of issuances, with varying structures including senior and subordinated classes. The commercial mortgages underlying CMBS generally have shorter maturities than residential mortgages, allow all or a substantial portion of the loan balance to be paid at maturity, commonly known as a “balloon payment,” and are usually
non-recourse
against the commercial borrower. Investments in CMBS are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including credit, market, interest rate, structural and legal risks. These risks may be magnified by volatility in the credit and commercial real estate markets. The investment characteristics of CMBS differ from traditional debt securities in a number of respects, and are similar to the characteristics of structured credit products in which investors participate through a trust or other similar conduit arrangement. As described more fully above, commercial mortgage loans are obligations of the borrowers thereunder and are not typically insured or guaranteed by any other person or entity. While the Fund intends to vigorously analyze and underwrite its CMBS investments from a fundamental real estate perspective, there can be no assurance that underwriting practices will yield their desired results, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to effectively achieve its investment objective or that expected returns will be achieved.
In general, if prevailing interest rates fall significantly below the interest rates on the related mortgage loans, the rate of prepayment on the underlying mortgage loans would be expected to increase. Conversely, if prevailing interest rates rise to a level significantly above the interest rates on the related mortgages, the rate of prepayment would be expected to decrease, which could reduce the returns on certain residual mortgage-backed securities in which the Fund may invest. In addition, rising rates may increase the frequency of defaults on certain floating-rate mortgage-backed securities.
Platform Risk.
Payments on whole loans or securities representing the right to receive principal and interest payments due on loans are received only if the platform servicing the loans receives the borrower’s payments on such loans and passes such payments through to the Fund. If a borrower is unable or fails to make payments on a loan for any reason, the Fund may be greatly limited in its ability to recover any outstanding principal or interest due, as (among other reasons) the Fund may not have direct recourse against the borrower or may otherwise be limited in its ability to directly enforce its rights under the loan, whether through the borrower or the platform through which such loan was originated, the loan may be unsecured or under-collateralized and/or it may be impracticable to commence a legal proceeding against the defaulting borrower.
TRS Agreements Risk.
A total return swap (“TRS”) is a contract in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in the market value of the assets underlying the TRS, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or securities indices during a specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate. For example, if an investment fund wished to invest in a senior loan, it could instead enter into a TRS and receive the total return of the senior loan, less the “funding cost,” which would be a floating interest rate payment to the counterparty. A TRS effectively adds leverage to a portfolio by providing investment exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or investing directly in such market. Because of the unique structure of a TRS, a TRS often offers lower financing costs than are offered through more traditional borrowing arrangements. The Fund would typically have to post collateral to cover this potential obligation.
A TRS is subject to market risk, liquidity risk and risk of imperfect correlation between the value of the TRS and the loans underlying the TRS. In addition, the Fund may incur certain costs in connection with the TRS that could in the aggregate be significant. A TRS is also subject to the risk that a counterparty will default on its payment obligations thereunder or that the Fund will not be able to meet its obligations to the counterparty.
 
Syndications Risk.
An investment may be made with the expectation of offering a portion of its interests therein as a
co-investment
opportunity to third-party investors. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be successful in syndicating any such
co-investment,
in whole or in part, that the closing of such
co-investment
will be consummated in a timely manner, that any syndication will take place on terms and conditions that will be preferable for the Fund or that expenses incurred by the Fund with respect to any such syndication will not be substantial. In the event that the Fund is not successful in syndicating any such
co-investment,
in whole or in part, the Fund may consequently hold a greater concentration and have more exposure in the related investment than initially was intended, which could make the Fund more susceptible to fluctuations in value resulting from adverse economic and/or business conditions with respect thereto. Moreover, an investment by the Fund that is not syndicated to
co-investors
as originally anticipated could significantly reduce the Fund’s overall investment returns.
Direct Lending Risk.
The Fund may make direct loans and engage in direct lending, which practice involves certain risks. If a loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become part owner of any collateral and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to losses resulting from default and foreclosure. Any costs or delays involved in the effectuation of a foreclosure of the loan or a liquidation of the underlying assets will further reduce the proceeds and thus increase the loss. There is no assurance that the Fund will correctly evaluate the value of the assets collateralizing the loan. In the event of a reorganization or liquidation proceeding relating to the borrower, the Fund may lose all or part of the amounts advanced to the borrower. There is no assurance that the protection of the Fund’s interests is adequate, including the validity or enforceability of the loan and the maintenance of the anticipated priority and perfection of the applicable security interests. Furthermore, there is no assurance that claims will not be asserted that might interfere with enforcement of the Fund’s rights.
There are no restrictions on the credit quality of the Fund’s loans. Loans may be deemed to have substantial vulnerability to default in payment of interest and/or principal. There can be no assurance as to the levels of defaults and/or recoveries that may be experienced on loans in which the Fund has invested. Certain of the loans in which the Fund may invest have large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions, and may be considered to be predominantly speculative. Generally, such loans offer a higher return potential than better quality loans, but involve greater volatility of price and greater risk of loss of income and principal. The market values of certain of these loans also tend to be more sensitive to changes in economic conditions than better quality loans.
Loans to issuers operating in workout modes or under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code or the equivalent laws of member states of the European Union (“EU”) are, in certain circumstances, subject to certain potential liabilities that may exceed the amount of the loan. For example, under certain circumstances, lenders who have inappropriately exercised control of the management and policies of a debtor may have their claims subordinated or disallowed or may be found liable for damages suffered by parties as a result of such actions.
Loan origination and servicing companies are routinely involved in legal proceedings concerning matters that arise in the ordinary course of their business. These legal proceedings range from actions involving a single plaintiff to class action lawsuits with potentially tens of thousands of class members. In addition, a number of participants in the loan origination and servicing industry (including control persons of industry participants) have been the subject of regulatory actions by state regulators, including state Attorneys General, and by the federal government. Governmental investigations, examinations or regulatory actions, or private lawsuits, including purported class action lawsuits, may adversely affect such companies’ financial results. To the extent the Fund seeks to engage in origination and/or servicing directly, or has a financial interest in, or is otherwise affiliated with, an origination or servicing company, the Fund will be subject to enhanced risks of litigation, regulatory actions and other proceedings. As a result, the Fund may be required to pay legal fees, settlement costs, damages, penalties or other charges, any or all of which could materially adversely affect the Fund and its investments.
Distressed Lending Risk.
As part of our lending activities, we may originate loans to companies that are experiencing significant financial or business difficulties, including companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganization and liquidation proceedings. Although the terms of such financing may result in significant financial returns to us, they involve a substantial degree of risk. The level of analytical sophistication, both financial and legal, necessary for successful financing to companies experiencing significant business and financial difficulties is unusually high. We cannot assure investors that we will correctly evaluate the value of the assets collateralizing our loans or the prospects for a successful reorganization or similar action. In any reorganization or liquidation proceeding relating to a company that we fund, we may lose all or part of the amounts advanced to the borrower or may be required to accept collateral with a value less than the amount of the loan advanced by us to the borrower.
Restructurings
.
Investments in companies operating in workout or bankruptcy modes present additional legal risks, including fraudulent conveyance, voidable preference and equitable subordination risks. The level of analytical sophistication, both financial and legal, necessary for successful investment in companies experiencing significant business and financial difficulties is unusually high. There is no assurance that we will correctly evaluate the value of the assets collateralizing our loans or the prospects for a successful reorganization or similar action.
Bankruptcy Cases.
One or more of our portfolio companies may be or may become involved in bankruptcy or other reorganization or liquidation proceedings. Many of the events within a bankruptcy case are adversarial and often beyond the control of the creditors. While creditors generally are afforded an opportunity to object to significant actions, we cannot assure investors that a bankruptcy court would not approve actions that may be contrary to our interests. There also are instances where creditors can lose their ranking and priority if they are considered to have taken over management of a borrower. If one of our portfolio companies were to go bankrupt, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which we will actually provide significant managerial assistance to that portfolio company, a bankruptcy court might subordinate all or a portion of our claim to that of other creditors.
The reorganization of a company can involve substantial legal, professional and administrative costs to a lender and the borrower. It is subject to unpredictable and lengthy delays, and during the process a company’s competitive position may erode, key management may depart and a company may not be able to invest adequately. In some cases, the debtor company may not be able to reorganize and may be required to liquidate assets. The debt of companies in financial reorganization will, in most cases, not pay current interest, may not accrue interest during reorganization and may be adversely affected by an erosion of the issuer’s fundamental value.
In addition, lenders can be subject to lender liability claims for actions taken by them where they become too involved in the borrower’s business or exercise control over the borrower. For example, we could become subject to a lender liability claim (alleging that we misused our influence on the borrower for the benefit of its lenders), if, among other things, the borrower requests significant managerial assistance from us and we provide that assistance.
First-Lien Debt
.
When we make a first-lien loan, we generally take a security interest in the available assets of the portfolio company, including the equity interests of its subsidiaries, which we expect to help mitigate the risk that we will not be repaid. However, there is a risk that the collateral securing our loans may decrease in value over time, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise, and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the portfolio company to raise additional capital. In some circumstances, our lien is, or could become, subordinated to claims of other creditors. Consequently, the fact that a loan is secured does not guarantee that we will receive principal and interest payments according to the loan’s terms, or at all, or that we will be able to collect on the loan should we need to enforce our remedies. In addition, in connection with our “last out” first-lien loans, we enter into agreements among lenders. Under these agreements, our interest in the collateral of the first-lien loans may rank junior to those of other lenders in the loan under certain circumstances. This may result in greater risk and loss of principal on these loans.
Second-Lien and Mezzanine Debt
.
Our investments in second-lien and mezzanine debt generally are subordinated to senior loans and will either have junior security interests or be unsecured. As such, other creditors may rank senior to us in the event of insolvency. This may result in greater risk and loss of principal.
Nature of Mezzanine Debt Securities Risk.
Mezzanine debt securities generally will be unrated or have ratings or implied or imputed ratings below investment grade. They will be obligations of corporations, partnerships or other entities that are generally unsecured, typically are subordinated to other obligations of the obligor and generally have greater credit and liquidity risk than is typically associated with investment grade corporate obligations. While mezzanine debt investments and other loans or unsecured investments can benefit from the same or similar covenants as those enjoyed by the indebtedness ranking more senior to such investments and can benefit from cross-default provisions and security over the issuer’s assets, some or all of such terms might not be part of particular investments (for example, such investments might not be protected by financial covenants or limitations upon incurrence of additional indebtedness by the issuer). Accordingly, the risks associated with mezzanine debt securities include a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the obligor or in general economic conditions (including a sustained period of rising interest rates or an economic downturn) could adversely affect the obligor’s ability to pay principal and interest on its debt. Many obligors on mezzanine debt securities are highly leveraged, and specific developments affecting such obligors, including reduced cash flow from operations or the inability to refinance debt at maturity, can also adversely affect such obligors’ ability to meet debt service obligations. Mezzanine debt securities are often issued in connection with leveraged acquisitions or recapitalizations, in which the issuers incur a substantially higher amount of indebtedness than the level at which they had previously operated. Default rates for mezzanine debt securities have historically been higher than has been the case for investment grade securities.
Emerging Markets Investments Risk.
Non-U.S. securities of issuers in so-called “emerging markets” (or lesser developed countries, including countries that may be considered “frontier” markets) are particularly speculative and entail all of the risks of investing in Non-U.S. Securities but to a heightened degree. “Emerging market” countries generally include every nation in the world except developed countries, that is, the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and most countries located in Western Europe. Investments in the securities of issuers domiciled in countries with emerging capital markets involve certain additional risks that do not generally apply to investments in securities of issuers in more developed capital markets, such as (i) low or non-existent trading volume, resulting in a lack of liquidity and increased volatility in prices for such securities, as compared to securities of comparable issuers in more developed capital markets; (ii) uncertain national policies and social, political and economic instability, increasing the potential for expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation, high rates of inflation or unfavorable diplomatic developments; (iii) possible fluctuations in exchange rates, differing legal systems and the existence or possible imposition of exchange controls, custodial restrictions or other foreign or U.S. Governmental laws or restrictions applicable to such investments; (iv) national policies that may limit the Fund’s investment opportunities such as restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; and (v) the lack or relatively early development of legal structures governing private and foreign investments and private property.
Foreign investment in certain emerging market countries may be restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times limit or preclude foreign investment in certain emerging market issuers and increase the costs and expenses of the Fund. Certain emerging market countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons only to a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by domiciliaries of the countries and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors.
Emerging markets are more likely to experience hyperinflation and currency devaluations, which adversely affect returns to U.S. investors. In addition, many emerging markets have far lower trading volumes and less liquidity than developed markets. Since these markets are often small, they may be more likely to suffer sharp and frequent price changes or long-term price depression because of adverse publicity, investor perceptions or
the actions of a few large investors. In addition, traditional measures of investment value used in the United States, such as price to earnings ratios, may not apply to certain small markets. Also, there may be less publicly available information about issuers in emerging markets than would be available about issuers in more developed capital markets, and such issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those to which U.S. companies are subject. In certain countries with emerging capital markets, reporting standards vary widely.
Many emerging markets have histories of political instability and abrupt changes in policies and these countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristic of more developed countries. As a result, their governments are more likely to take actions that are hostile or detrimental to private enterprise or foreign investment than those of more developed countries, including expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation, high rates of inflation or unfavorable diplomatic developments. In the past, governments of such nations have expropriated substantial amounts of private property, and most claims of the property owners have never been fully settled. There is no assurance that such expropriations will not reoccur. In such an event, it is possible that the Fund could lose the entire value of its investments in the affected market. Some countries have pervasiveness of corruption and crime that may hinder investments. Certain emerging markets may also face other significant internal or external risks, including the risk of war, and ethnic, religious and racial conflicts. In addition, governments in many emerging market countries participate to a significant degree in their economies and securities markets, which may impair investment and economic growth. National policies that may limit the Fund’s investment opportunities include restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests. In such a dynamic environment, there can be no assurances that any or all of these capital markets will continue to present viable investment opportunities for the Fund.
Emerging markets may also have differing legal systems and the existence or possible imposition of exchange controls, custodial restrictions or other foreign or U.S. Governmental laws or restrictions applicable to such investments. Sometimes, they may lack or be in the relatively early development of legal structures governing private and foreign investments and private property. In addition to withholding taxes on investment income, some countries with emerging markets may impose differential capital gains taxes on foreign investors.
Practices in relation to settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because the Fund will need to use brokers and counterparties that are less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable. The possibility of fraud, negligence, undue influence being exerted by the issuer or refusal to recognize ownership exists in some emerging markets, and, along with other factors, could result in ownership registration being completely lost.
The Fund would absorb any loss resulting from such registration problems and may have no successful claim for compensation. In addition, communications between the United States and emerging market countries may be unreliable, increasing the risk of delayed settlements or losses of security certificates.
Equity and Other Investments.
 When we invest in first-lien debt, second-lien debt or mezzanine debt, we may acquire equity securities, such as warrants, options and convertible instruments. In addition, we may invest directly in the equity securities of the portfolio companies. We intend to dispose of these equity interests and realize gains upon our disposition of these interests. However, the equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience.
Equity Securities Risk
.
Equity securities include common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities, limited partnership interests and warrants. This may include the equity securities of private credit sponsors. Common stocks and preferred stocks represent shares of ownership in a corporation. Preferred stocks usually have specific dividends and rank after bonds and before common stock in claims on assets of the corporation should it be dissolved. Increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a corporation’s stock price.
 
Convertible securities are debt or preferred equity securities convertible into common stock. Usually, convertible securities pay dividends or interest at rates higher than common stock, but lower than other securities. Convertible securities usually participate to some extent in the appreciation or depreciation of the underlying stock into which they are convertible.
Preferred securities, which are a form of hybrid security (i.e., a security with both debt and equity characteristics), may pay fixed or adjustable rates of return. Preferred securities are subject to issuer-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities, however, unlike common stocks, participation in the growth of an issuer may be limited. Distributions on preferred securities are generally payable at the discretion of the issuer’s board and after the company makes required payments to holders of its bonds and other debt securities. For this reason, the value of preferred securities will usually react more strongly than bonds and other debt securities to actual or perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects. Preferred securities of smaller companies may be more vulnerable to adverse developments than preferred securities of larger companies. Preferred securities may be less liquid than common stocks. Preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer or omit distributions for a stated period without any adverse consequences to the issuer. Preferred shareholders may have certain rights if distributions are not paid but generally have no legal recourse against the issuer and may suffer a loss of value if distributions are not paid. Generally, preferred shareholders have no voting rights with respect to the issuer unless distributions to preferred shareholders have not been paid for a stated period, at which time the preferred shareholders may elect a number of Trustees to the issuer’s board. Generally, once all the distributions have been paid to preferred shareholders, the preferred shareholders no longer have voting rights.
Warrants are options to buy a stated number of shares of common stock at a specified price anytime during the life of the warrants. Warrants and rights do not carry with them the right to dividends or voting rights with respect to the securities that they entitle their holder to purchase, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. As a result, warrants and rights may be considered more speculative than certain other types of investments. In addition, the value of a warrant or right does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities. The Fund could lose the value of a warrant or right if the right to subscribe to additional Common Shares is not exercised prior to the warrant’s or right’s expiration date. The market for warrants and rights may be very limited and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for warrants and rights.
Preferred Shares.
 To the extent we invest in preferred securities, we may incur particular risks, including:
 
   
preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer distributions for a stated period without any adverse consequences to the issuer. If we own a preferred security that is deferring its distributions, we may be required to report income for U.S. federal income tax purposes before we receive such distributions;
 
   
preferred securities are subordinated to bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure in terms of priority to corporate income and liquidation payments, and therefore are subject to greater credit risk than more senior debt instruments; and
 
   
generally, preferred security holders have no voting rights with respect to the issuing company unless preferred dividends have been in arrears for a specified number of periods, at which time the preferred security holders may elect a number of directors to the issuer’s board; generally, once all the arrearages have been paid, the preferred security holders no longer have voting rights
In addition, our investments generally involve a number of significant risks, including:
 
   
the companies in which we invest may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their debt securities that we hold, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of us realizing any guarantees we may have obtained in connection with our investment;
 
   
the companies in which we invest typically have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns;
 
   
the companies in which we invest are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons; therefore, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on our portfolio company and, in turn, on us;
 
   
the companies in which we invest generally have less predictable operating results, may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence, and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position;
 
   
the debt investments in our portfolio generally have a significant portion of principal due at the maturity of the investment, which would result in a substantial loss to us if such borrowers are unable to refinance or repay their debt at maturity;
 
   
our executive officers, Trustees and Adviser may, in the ordinary course of business, be named as defendants in litigation arising from our investments in the portfolio companies;
 
   
the companies in which we invest generally have less publicly available information about their businesses, operations and financial condition and, if we are unable to uncover all material information about these companies, we may not make a fully informed investment decision; and
 
   
the companies in which we invest may have difficulty accessing the capital markets to meet future capital needs, which may limit their ability to grow or to repay their outstanding indebtedness upon maturity.
Subordinated Debt
. Our subordinated debt investments will generally rank junior in priority of payment to senior debt and will generally be unsecured. This may result in a heightened level of risk and volatility or a loss of principal, which could lead to the loss of the entire investment. These investments may involve additional risks that could adversely affect our investment returns. To the extent interest payments associated with such debt are deferred, such debt may be subject to greater fluctuations in valuations, and such debt could subject us and our shareholders to
non-cash
income. Because we will not receive any principal repayments prior to the maturity of some of our subordinated debt investments, such investments will be of greater risk than amortizing loans.
Junior, Unsecured Securities.
Our strategy may entail acquiring securities that are junior or unsecured instruments. While this approach can facilitate obtaining control and then adding value through active management, it also means that certain of the Fund’s investments may be unsecured. If a portfolio company becomes financially distressed or insolvent and does not successfully reorganize, we will have no assurance (compared to those distressed securities investors that acquire only fully collateralized positions) that we will recover any of the principal that we have invested. Similarly, investments in “last out” pieces of unitranche loans will be similar to second lien loans in that such investments will be junior in priority to the “first out” piece of the same unitranche loan with respect to payment of principal, interest and other amounts. Consequently, the fact that debt is secured does not guarantee that we will receive principal and interest payments according to the debt’s terms, or at all, or that we will be able to collect on the debt should it be forced to enforce its remedies.
While such junior or unsecured investments may benefit from the same or similar financial and other covenants as those enjoyed by the indebtedness ranking more senior to such investments and may benefit from cross-default provisions and security over the issuer’s assets, some or all of such terms may not be part of particular investments. Moreover, our ability to influence an issuer’s affairs, especially during periods of financial distress or following insolvency, is likely to be substantially less than that of senior creditors. For example, under typical subordination terms, senior creditors are able to block the acceleration of the junior debt or the exercise by junior debt holders of other rights they may have as creditors. Accordingly, we may not be able to take steps to protect investments in a timely manner or at all, and there can be no assurance that our rate of
 
return objectives or any particular investment will be achieved. In addition, the debt securities in which we will invest may not be protected by financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness, may have limited liquidity and are not expected to be rated by a credit rating agency.
Early repayments of our investments may have a material adverse effect on our investment objective. In addition, depending on fluctuations of the equity markets and other factors, warrants and other equity investments may become worthless.
There can be no assurance that attempts to provide downside protection through contractual or structural terms with respect to our investments will achieve their desired effect and potential investors should regard an investment in us as being speculative and having a high degree of risk. Furthermore, we have limited flexibility to negotiate terms when purchasing newly issued investments in connection with a syndication of mezzanine or certain other junior or subordinated investments or in the secondary market.
“Covenant-lite” Obligations
. We may invest in, or obtain exposure to, obligations that may be “covenant- lite,” which means such obligations lack certain financial maintenance covenants. While these loans may still contain other collateral protections, a covenant-lite loan may carry more risk than a covenant-heavy loan made by the same borrower, as it does not require the borrower to provide affirmation that certain specific financial tests have been satisfied on a routine basis as is required under a covenant-heavy loan agreement. Should a loan we hold begin to deteriorate in quality, our ability to negotiate with the borrower may be delayed under a covenant-lite loan compared to a loan with full maintenance covenants. This may in turn delay our ability to seek to recover its investment.
Fixed-Income Securities Risks.
Fixed-income securities in which the Fund may invest, including as part of the Fund’s performing corporate credit strategy, are generally subject to the following risks:
 
   
Issuer and Spread Risk
.
The value of fixed-income securities may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage, reduced demand for the issuer’s goods and services, historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of the assets of the issuer. In addition, wider credit spreads and decreasing market values typically represent a deterioration of a debt security’s credit soundness and a perceived greater likelihood of risk or default by the issuer.
 
   
Credit Risk.
Credit risk is the risk that an underlying issuer or borrower will be unable to make principal and interest payments on its outstanding debt or other payment obligations when due or otherwise defaults on its obligations to the Fund and/or that the guarantors or other sources of credit support for such persons do not satisfy their obligations. The Fund’s return to shareholders would be adversely impacted if an underlying issuer of debt investments or other instruments or a borrower under a loan in which the Fund invests were to become unable to make such payments when due.
Although the Fund may make investments that the Adviser believes are secured by specific collateral the value of which may initially exceed the principal amount of such investments or the Fund’s fair value of such investments, there can be no assurance that the liquidation of any such collateral would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of
non-payment
of scheduled interest or principal payments with respect to such investment, or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy of a borrower, shareholders could experience delays or limitations with respect to the Fund’s ability to enforce rights against and realize the benefits of the collateral securing an investment. Under certain circumstances, collateral securing an investment may be released without the consent of the Adviser and/or the shareholder or the shareholder’s expected rights to such collateral could, under certain circumstances, be voided or disregarded. The Fund’s investments in secured debt may be unperfected for a variety of reasons, including the failure to make required filings by lenders and, as a result, the shareholder may not have priority over other creditors as anticipated. The Fund may also invest in leveraged loans, high yield securities, marketable and
non-marketable
 
common and preferred equity securities and other unsecured investments, each of which involves a higher degree of risk than senior secured loans. Furthermore, the Fund’s right to payment and its security interest, if any, may be subordinated to the payment rights and security interests of a senior lender, to the extent applicable. Certain of these investments may have an interest-only payment schedule, with the principal amount remaining outstanding and at risk until the maturity of the investment. In addition, certain instruments may provide for
payments-in-kind,
which have a similar effect of deferring current cash payments. In such cases, a portfolio company’s ability to repay the principal of an investment may depend on a liquidity event or the long-term success of the company, the likelihood of which is uncertain.
With respect to the Fund’s investments in any number of credit products, if the borrower or issuer breaches any of the covenants or restrictions under the credit agreement or indenture that governs loans or securities of such issuer or borrower, it could result in a default under the applicable indebtedness as well as the indebtedness held by the Fund. Such default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. This could result in an impairment or loss of the Fund’s investment or result in a
pre-payment
(in whole or in part) of the Fund’s investment.
Similarly, while the Adviser will generally target investing the Fund’s assets in companies it believes are of high quality, these companies could still present a high degree of business and credit risk. Portfolio companies in which the Fund invests could deteriorate as a result of, among other factors, an adverse development in their business, a change in the competitive environment or economic and financial market downturns and dislocations. As a result, companies that the Adviser expected to be stable or improve may operate, or expect to operate, at a loss or have significant variations in operating results, may require substantial additional capital to support their operations or maintain their competitive position, or may otherwise have a weak financial condition or be experiencing financial distress.
 
   
Call Risk.
There is a risk that issuers may exercise a right to redeem a fixed income security earlier than expected (a “call”). Issuers may call outstanding securities prior to their maturity for a number of reasons (e.g., declining interest rates, changes in credit spreads and improvements in the issuer’s credit quality). If an issuer calls a security that the Fund has invested in, the Fund may not recoup the full amount of its initial investment and may be forced to reinvest in lower-yielding securities, securities with greater credit risks or securities with other, less favorable features.
 
   
Prepayment Risk
. The Fund is subject to the risk that the investments it makes in its portfolio companies may be repaid prior to maturity. When this occurs, the Fund will generally reinvest these proceeds in temporary investments, pending their future investment in new portfolio companies. These temporary investments will typically have substantially lower yields than the debt being prepaid and the Fund could experience significant delays in reinvesting these amounts. Any future investment in a new portfolio company may also be at lower yields than the debt that was repaid. As a result, the Fund’s results of operations could be materially adversely affected if one or more of the portfolio companies elect to prepay amounts owed to the Fund. Additionally, prepayments, net of prepayment fees, could negatively impact the Fund’s return on equity.
 
   
Reinvestment Risk.
Reinvestment risk is the risk that income from the Fund’s portfolio will decline if the Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called fixed-income securities at market interest rates that are below the Fund portfolio’s current earnings rate.
 
   
Duration and Maturity Risk.
The Fund has no set policy regarding the duration or maturity of the fixed-income securities it may hold. In general, the longer the duration of any fixed-income securities in the Fund’s portfolio, the more exposure the Fund will have to the interest rate risks described above. The Adviser may seek to adjust the portfolio’s duration or maturity based on its assessment of current and projected market conditions and any other factors that the Adviser deems relevant. There can be no
 
 
assurance that the Adviser’s assessment of current and projected market conditions will be correct or that any strategy to adjust the portfolio’s duration or maturity will be successful at any given time.
Below Investment Grade Risk
. The Fund may invest in securities that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or that would be rated below investment grade (rated Ba/BB or below, or judged to be of comparable quality by the Adviser) if they were rated. Below investment grade securities, which are often referred to as “high yield” or “junk,” have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the given issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Lower grade securities, though often high yielding, are characterized by high risk. They may be subject to certain risks with respect to the issuing entity and to greater market fluctuations than certain lower yielding, higher rated securities. They may also be difficult to value and illiquid. The major risks of below investment grade securities include: (i) below investment grade securities may be issued by less creditworthy issuers. Issuers of below investment grade securities may have a larger amount of outstanding debt relative to their assets than issuers of investment grade securities. These issuers are more vulnerable to financial setbacks and recession than more creditworthy issuers, which may impair their ability to make interest and principal payments. In the event of an issuer’s bankruptcy, claims of other creditors may have priority over the claims of holders of below investment grade securities, leaving few or no assets available to repay holders of below investment grade securities; (ii) prices of below investment grade securities are subject to extreme price fluctuations. Adverse changes in an issuer’s industry and general economic conditions may have a greater impact on the prices of below investment grade securities than on other higher-rated fixed-income securities. It is likely that an economic recession could severely disrupt the market for such securities and may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities; (iii) issuers of below investment grade securities may be unable to meet their interest or principal payment obligations because of an economic downturn, specific issuer developments, or the unavailability of additional financing; (iv) below investment grade securities frequently have redemption features that permit an issuer to repurchase the security from the Fund before it matures. If the issuer redeems below investment grade securities, the Fund may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields and may lose income; (v) below investment grade securities may be less liquid than higher-rated fixed-income securities, even under normal economic conditions. There are fewer dealers in the below investment grade securities market, and there may be significant differences in the prices quoted by the dealers. Judgment may play a greater role in valuing these securities and the Fund may be unable to sell these securities at an advantageous time or price; (vi) the Fund may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting issuer.
The prices of fixed-income securities generally are inversely related to interest rate changes; however, below investment grade securities historically have been somewhat less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher quality securities of comparable maturity because credit quality is also a significant factor in the valuation of lower grade securities. On the other hand, an increased rate environment results in increased borrowing costs generally, which may impair the credit quality of
low-grade
issuers and thus have a more significant effect on the value of some lower grade securities. In addition, a low rate environment may result in traditional investment grade oriented investors being forced to accept more risk in order to maintain income. In a rising rate environment, buyers of lower grade securities may exit the market and reduce demand for lower grade securities, potentially resulting in greater price volatility.
The ratings of Moody’s, S&P, Fitch and other rating agencies represent their opinions as to the quality of the obligations which they undertake to rate. Ratings are relative and subjective and, although ratings may be useful in evaluating the safety of interest and principal payments, they do not evaluate the market value risk of such obligations. Although these ratings may be an initial criterion for selection of portfolio investments, the Adviser also will independently evaluate these securities and the ability of the issuers of such securities to pay interest and principal. To the extent that the Fund invests in lower grade securities that have not been rated by a rating agency, the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective will be more dependent on the Adviser’s credit analysis than would be the case when the Fund invests in rated securities.
For securities rated in the lower rating categories (rated as low as D, or unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Adviser), the risks associated with below investment grade instruments are more pronounced. The
 
credit rating of a high-yield security does not necessarily address its market value risk. Ratings and market value may change from time to time, positively or negatively, to reflect new developments regarding the issuer.
High Yield Debt Risk
. The Fund may invest in debt securities that may be classified as “higher-yielding” (and, therefore, higher-risk) debt securities. In most cases, such debt will be rated below “investment grade” or will be unrated and will face both ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions and the issuer’s failure to make timely interest and principal payments. The market for high yield securities has experienced periods of volatility and reduced liquidity. Securities in the lower rated categories and comparable
non-rated
securities are subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than higher rated and comparable
non-rated
securities and are generally considered to be predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. They are also generally considered to be subject to greater risk than securities with higher ratings or comparable
non-rated
securities in the case of deterioration of general economic conditions. High yield securities may or may not be subordinated to certain other outstanding securities and obligations of the issuer, which may be secured by all or substantially all of the issuer’s assets. High yield securities may also not be protected by financial covenants or limitations on additional indebtedness. The market values of certain of these debt securities may reflect individual corporate developments. General economic recession or a major decline in the demand for products and/or services in the industry in which the issuer operates would likely have a material adverse impact on the value of such securities or could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default of such securities. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may also decrease the value and liquidity of these high yield debt securities.
Loan Assignments and Participations Risk.
As the assignee of a loan, the Fund typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a lender under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, the Fund may not be able to unilaterally enforce all rights and remedies under the loan and with regard to any associated collateral. Because assignments may be arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and potential assignors, the rights and obligations acquired by the Fund as the purchaser of an assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning lender. In addition, if the loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become part owner of any collateral and could bear the costs and liabilities of owning and disposing of the collateral. The Fund may be required to pass along to a purchaser that buys a loan from the Fund by way of assignment a portion of any fees to which the Fund is entitled under the loan. In connection with purchasing participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement relating to the loan, nor any rights of
set-off
against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from any collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, the Fund will be subject to the credit risk of both the borrower and the lender that is selling the participation. In the event of the insolvency of the lender selling a participation, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of the lender and may not benefit from any
set-off
between the lender and the borrower.
Loan Interests Risk.
Loan interests generally are subject to restrictions on transfer, and the Fund may be unable to sell its loan interests at a time when it may otherwise be desirable to do so or may be able to sell them promptly only at prices that are less than what the Fund regards as their fair market value. Accordingly, loan interests may at times be illiquid. Loan interests may be difficult to value and may have extended settlement periods (the settlement cycle for many bank loans exceeds 7 days). Extended settlement periods may result in cash not being immediately available to the Fund. As a result, during periods of unusually heavy repurchases, the Fund may have to sell other investments or borrow money to meet its obligations. A significant portion of floating rate loans may be “covenant lite” loans that may contain fewer or less restrictive constraints on the borrower and/or may contain other characteristics that would be favorable to the borrower, limiting the ability of lenders to take legal action to protect their interests in certain situations. Interests in loans made to finance highly leveraged companies or to finance corporate acquisitions or other transactions may be especially vulnerable to adverse changes in economic or market conditions. Interests in secured loans have the benefit of collateral and, typically, of restrictive covenants limiting the ability of the borrower to further encumber its assets. There is a
 
risk that the value of any collateral securing a loan in which the Fund has an interest may decline and that the collateral may not be sufficient to cover the amount owed on the loan. In the event the borrower defaults, the Fund’s access to the collateral may be limited or delayed by bankruptcy or other insolvency laws. Further, in the event of a default, second or lower lien secured loans, and unsecured loans, will generally be paid only if the value of the collateral exceeds the amount of the borrower’s obligations to the senior secured lenders, and the remaining collateral may not be sufficient to cover the full amount owed on the loan in which the Fund has an interest. Further, there is a risk that a court could take action with respect to a loan that is adverse to the holders of the loan and the Fund may need to retain legal counsel to enforce its rights in any resulting event of default, bankruptcy, or similar situation. Interests in loans expose the Fund to the credit risk of the underlying borrower and may expose the Fund to the credit risk of the lender.
Repurchase Agreements Risk.
Subject to its investment objective and policies, the Fund may invest in repurchase agreements as a buyer for investment purposes. Repurchase agreements typically involve the acquisition by the Fund of debt securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank, savings and loan association or broker-dealer. The agreement provides that the Fund will sell the securities back to the institution at a fixed time in the future. The agreed-upon repurchase price determines the yield during the Fund’s holding period. Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans collateralized by the underlying security that is the subject of the repurchase contract. The Fund will only enter into repurchase agreements with registered securities dealers or domestic banks that, in the opinion of the Adviser, present minimal credit risk. The Fund does not bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under its repurchase obligation.
In the event of the bankruptcy or other default of a seller of a repurchase agreement, the Fund could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying securities and losses, including (i) possible decline in the value of the underlying security during the period in which the Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto; (ii) possible lack of access to income on the underlying security during this period; and (iii) expenses of enforcing its rights. In addition, as described above, the value of the collateral underlying the repurchase agreement will be at least equal to the repurchase price, including any accrued interest earned on the repurchase agreement. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, the Fund generally will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercise of the Fund’s right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, the Fund could suffer a loss. In addition, if bankruptcy proceedings are commenced with respect to the seller of the security, realization upon the collateral by the Fund may be delayed or limited.
The Adviser will monitor the value of the collateral at the time the transaction is entered into and at all times subsequent during the term of the repurchase agreement in an effort to determine that such value always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price. In the event the value of the collateral declines below the repurchase price, the Adviser will demand additional collateral from the issuer to increase the value of the collateral to at least that of the repurchase price, including interest.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements Risk.
The Fund may use reverse repurchase agreements, which involves many of the same risks involved in the Fund’s use of leverage, as the proceeds from reverse repurchase agreements generally will be invested in additional securities. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by the Fund with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase the securities at an agreed upon price, date and interest payment. There is a risk that the market value of the securities acquired in the reverse repurchase agreement may decline below the price of the securities that the Fund has sold but remains obligated to repurchase. In addition, there is a risk that the market value of the securities retained in lieu of sale by the Fund in connection with the reverse repurchase agreement may decline in price. If the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement were to file for bankruptcy or experiences insolvency, such buyer or its trustee or receiver may receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities, and the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement
may
effectively be
 
restricted pending such decision. Also, in entering into reverse repurchase agreements, the Fund would bear the risk of loss to the extent that the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement are less than the value of the underlying securities. In addition, due to the interest costs associated with reverse repurchase agreements transactions, the Fund’s NAV will decline, and, in some cases, the Fund may be worse off than if it had not used such instruments. If the Fund enters into reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions in reliance on the exemption in Rule
18f-4(d),
the Fund may either (i) maintain asset coverage of at least 300% with respect to such transactions and any other borrowings in the aggregate, or (ii) treat such transactions as “derivatives transactions” and comply with Rule
18f-4
with respect to such transactions.
Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Debt Securities Risk
.
For temporary defensive purposes, a fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in
cash
equivalents and short-term debt securities. Short-term debt securities are defined to include, without limitation, the following:
 
   
U.S. government securities, including bills, notes and bonds differing as to maturity and rates of interest that are either issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. government securities include securities issued by: (a) the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration and Government National Mortgage Association, the securities of which are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; (b) the Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks and Tennessee Valley Authority, the securities of which are supported by the right of the agency to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; (c) the Federal National Mortgage Association, the securities of which are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and (d) the Student Loan Marketing Association, the securities of which are supported only by its credit. While the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it always will do so since it is not so obligated by law. The U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the
market
value of their securities. Consequently, the value of such securities may fluctuate.
 
   
Certificates of deposit issued against funds deposited in a bank or a savings and loan association. Such certificates are for a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return and are normally negotiable. The issuer of a certificate of deposit agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the certificate on the date specified thereon. Certificates of deposit purchased by the Fund may not be fully insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
 
   
Repurchase agreements, which involve purchases of debt securities.
 
   
Commercial paper, which consists of short-term unsecured promissory notes, including variable rate master demand notes issued by corporations to finance their current operations. Master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between the Fund and a corporation. There is no secondary market for such notes. However, they are redeemable by the Fund at any time. The Adviser will consider the financial condition of the corporation (e.g., earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios) and will continuously monitor the corporation’s ability to meet all of its financial obligations, because the Fund’s liquidity might be impaired if the corporation were unable to pay principal and interest on demand. Investments in commercial paper will be limited to commercial paper rated in the highest categories by a major rating agency and which mature within one year of the date of purchase or carry a variable or floating rate of interest.
Non-U.S
.
Securities
. We may invest in
non-U.S.
securities, which may include securities denominated in U.S. dollars or in
non-U.S.
currencies, to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act. Because evidence of ownership of such securities usually is held outside the United States, we would be subject to additional risks if we invested in
non-U.S.
securities, which include possible adverse political and economic developments, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits and adoption of governmental restrictions, which might adversely affect or restrict the payment of principal and interest on the
non-U.S.
securities to shareholders located outside
 
the country of the issuer, whether from currency blockage or otherwise. Because
non-U.S.
securities may be purchased with and payable in foreign currencies, the value of these assets as measured in U.S. dollars may be affected unfavorably by changes in currency rates and exchange control regulations.
Non-U.S.
Investments.
Investing in the securities outside of the United States involves certain considerations not usually associated with investing in securities of U.S. companies or the U.S. Government, including political and economic considerations, such as greater risks of expropriation, nationalization, confiscatory taxation, imposition of withholding or other taxes on interest, dividends, capital gains, other income or gross sale or disposition proceeds, limitations on the removal of assets and general social, political and economic instability; the relatively small size of the securities markets in such countries and the low volume of trading, resulting in potential lack of liquidity and in price volatility; the evolving and unsophisticated laws and regulations applicable to the securities and financial services industries of certain countries; fluctuations in the rate of exchange between currencies and costs associated with currency conversion; and certain government policies that may restrict the Fund’s investment opportunities. In addition, accounting and financial reporting standards that prevail outside of the U.S. generally are not as high as U.S. standards and, consequently, less information is typically available concerning companies located outside of the U.S. than for those located in the U.S. As a result, the Fund may be unable to structure its transactions to achieve the intended results or to mitigate all risks associated with such markets. It may also be difficult to enforce the Fund’s rights in such markets. For example, securities traded on
non-U.S.
exchanges and the
non-U.S.
persons that trade these instruments are not subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC or the CFTC or the securities and commodities laws and regulations of the U.S. Accordingly, the protections accorded to the Fund under such laws and regulations are unavailable for transactions on foreign exchanges and with foreign counterparties.
Risks
Related to Portfolio
Companies
Default Risk.
It is generally anticipated that conventional debt will be paid as due, barring unexpected developments. Nonetheless, there exists the risk of default. The Adviser will attempt to reduce default risk through diversification and research (both on a
country-by-country
and
issuer-by-issuer
basis).
Active Management.
The Adviser may from time to time attempt to exert management control over the reorganization process of the Fund’s portfolio companies. Active management is unusually resource-intensive and the Adviser’s more limited resources may put it at a competitive disadvantage.
Fraudulent Conveyance Considerations
. Various laws enacted for the protection of creditors may apply to certain investments that are debt obligations, although the existence and applicability of such laws will vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. For example, if a court were to find that the borrower did not receive fair consideration or reasonably equivalent value for incurring indebtedness evidenced by an investment and the grant of any security interest or other lien securing such investment, and, after giving effect to such indebtedness, the borrower (i) was insolvent, (ii) was engaged in a business for which the assets remaining in such borrower constituted unreasonably small capital or (iii) intended to incur or believed that it would incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature, such court could invalidate such indebtedness and such security interest or other lien as fraudulent conveyances, subordinate such indebtedness to existing or future creditors of the borrower or recover amounts previously paid by the borrower (including to the Fund) in satisfaction of such indebtedness or proceeds of such security interest or other lien previously applied in satisfaction of such indebtedness. In addition, if an issuer in which the Fund has an investment becomes insolvent, any payment made on such investment may be subject to avoidance as a “preference” if made within a certain period of time (which may be as long as one year) before insolvency.
In general, if payments on an investment are avoidable, whether as fraudulent conveyances or preferences, such payments can be recaptured either from the initial recipient or from subsequent transferees of such payments. To the extent that any such payments are recaptured from the Fund, the resulting loss will be borne by investors in the Fund.
 
Risk Related to Privately-Held Companies and the Lack of Available Information About These Companies.
Investments in private companies may pose greater risks than investments in public companies. First, private companies have reduced access to the capital markets, resulting in diminished capital resources and the ability to withstand financial distress. Second, the depth and breadth of experience of management in private companies tends to be less than that at public companies, which makes such companies more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a smaller group of persons and/or persons with less depth and breadth of experience. Therefore, the decisions made by such management teams and/or the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on our investments and, in turn, on us. Third, the investments themselves tend to be less liquid. As such, we may have difficulty exiting an investment promptly or at a desired price prior to maturity or outside of a normal repayment schedule. As a result, the relative lack of liquidity and the potential diminished capital resources of our target portfolio companies may affect our investment returns. Fourth, little public information generally exists about private companies. Further, these companies may not have third-party debt ratings or audited financial statements. We must therefore rely on the ability of the Adviser to obtain adequate information through due diligence to evaluate the creditworthiness and potential returns from investing in these companies. The Adviser would typically assess an investment in a portfolio company based on the Adviser’s estimate of the portfolio company’s earnings and enterprise value, among other factors, and these estimates may be based on limited information and may otherwise be inaccurate, causing the Adviser to make different investment decisions than it may have made with more complete information. These companies and their financial information will generally not be subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other rules that govern public companies. If the Adviser is unable to determine all material information about these companies, the Adviser may not make a fully informed investment decision, and we may lose money on our investments.
Investments in Securities or Assets of Publicly-Traded Companies Risk.
The Fund may invest a portion of its portfolio in publicly-traded assets. It is not expected that the Fund will be able to negotiate additional financial covenants or other contractual rights, which the Fund might otherwise be able to obtain in making privately negotiated investments. In addition, by investing in publicly-traded securities or assets, the Fund will be subject to U.S. federal and state securities laws, as well as
non-U.S.
securities laws, that may, among other things, restrict or prohibit its ability to make or sell an investment. Moreover, the Fund may not have the same access to information in connection with investments in public securities, either when investigating a potential investment or after making an investment, as compared to privately negotiated investments. Furthermore, the Fund may be limited in its ability to make investments and to sell existing investments in public securities because the Fund may be deemed to have material,
non-public
information regarding the issuers of those securities or as a result of other internal policies. The inability to sell public securities in these circumstances could materially adversely affect the Fund’s investment results. In addition, an investment may be sold by the Fund to a public company where the consideration received is a combination of cash and stock of the public company, which may, depending on the securities laws of the relevant jurisdiction, be subject to
lock-up
periods.
Risks Related to the Failure to Make
Follow-On
Investments
.
Following an initial investment in a portfolio company, we may make additional investments in that portfolio company as
“follow-on”
investments to:
 
   
increase or maintain in whole or in part our equity ownership percentage;
 
   
exercise warrants, options or convertible securities that were acquired in the original or subsequent financing; or
 
   
attempt to preserve or enhance the value of our investment
We may elect not to make
follow-on
investments, may be constrained in our ability to employ available funds, or otherwise may lack sufficient funds to make those investments. We have the discretion to make any follow-on investments, subject to the availability of capital resources. However, doing so could be placing even more capital at risk in existing portfolio companies.
 
The failure to make
follow-on
investments may, in some circumstances, jeopardize the continued viability of a portfolio company and our initial investment, or may result in a missed opportunity for us to increase our participation in a successful operation. Even if we have sufficient capital to make a desired
follow-on
investment, we may elect not to make a
follow-on
investment because we may not want to increase our concentration of risk, because we prefer other opportunities or because we are inhibited by compliance with investment company requirements or the desire to maintain our tax status.
Risks Related to Return on Invested Capital.
We may not realize expected returns on our investment in a portfolio company due to changes in the portfolio company’s financial position or due to an acquisition of the portfolio company. If a portfolio company repays our loans prior to their maturity, we may not receive our expected returns on our invested capital. Many of our investments are structured to provide a disincentive for the borrower to
pre-pay
or call the security, but this call protection may not cover the full expected value of an investment if that investment is repaid prior to maturity.
Middle-market companies operate in a highly acquisitive market with frequent mergers and buyouts. If a portfolio company is acquired or merged with another company prior to drawing on our commitment, we would not realize our expected return. Similarly, in many cases companies will seek to restructure or repay their debt investments or buy our other equity ownership positions as part of an acquisition or merger transaction, which may result in a repayment of debt or other reduction of our investment.
Debt and Equity of the Issuers.
Our portfolio companies in some cases may incur debt or issue equity securities that rank equally with, or senior to, our investments in those companies. Our portfolio companies may have, or may be permitted to incur, other debt, or issue other equity securities that rank equally with, or senior to, our investments. By their terms, those instruments may provide that the holders are entitled to receive payment of dividends, interest or principal on or before the dates on which we are entitled to receive payments in respect of our investments. These debt instruments would usually prohibit portfolio companies from paying interest on or repaying our investments in the event and during the continuance of a default under the debt. Also, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a portfolio company, holders of securities ranking senior to our investment in that portfolio company typically would be entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any distribution in respect of our investment. After repaying those holders, the portfolio company may not have any remaining assets to use for repaying its obligation to us. In the case of securities ranking equally with our investments, we would have to share on an equal basis any distributions with other security holders in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant portfolio company.
The rights we may have with respect to the collateral securing certain loans we make to our portfolio companies may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more intercreditor agreements or agreements among lenders. Under these agreements, we may forfeit certain rights with respect to the collateral to holders with prior claims. These rights may include the right to commence enforcement proceedings against the collateral, the right to control the conduct of those enforcement proceedings, the right to approve amendments to collateral documents, the right to release liens on the collateral and the right to waive past defaults under collateral documents. We may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if as a result our rights as lenders are adversely affected.
No Control of Portfolio Companies Risk.
The Fund does not expect to control the portfolio companies in which it invests. The Fund does not expect to have board representation or board observation rights, and the Fund’s debt agreements with such portfolio companies may contain certain restrictive covenants. As a result, the Fund is subject to the risk that a portfolio company in which it invests may make business decisions with which the Fund disagrees and the management of such company, as representatives of the holders of the company’s common equity, may take risks or otherwise act in ways that do not serve the Fund’s interests as debt investors. Due to the lack of liquidity for the Fund’s investments in
non-traded
companies, the Fund may not be able to dispose of its interests in portfolio companies as readily as the Fund would like or at an appropriate valuation. As a result, a portfolio company may make decisions that could decrease the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.
 
Adjustments to Terms of Investments Risk
.
The terms and conditions of the loan agreements and related assignments may be amended, modified or waived only by the agreement of the lenders. Generally, any such agreement must include a majority or a supermajority (measured by outstanding loans or commitments) or, in certain circumstances, a unanimous vote of the lenders. Consequently, the terms and conditions of the payment obligation arising from loan agreements could be modified, amended or waived in a manner contrary to the preferences of the Fund, if a sufficient number of the other lenders concurred with such modification, amendment or waiver. There can be no assurance that any obligations arising from a loan agreement will maintain the terms and conditions to which the Fund originally agreed. Because the Fund may invest through participation interests and derivative securities, the Fund may not be entitled to vote on any such adjustment of terms of such agreements.
The exercise of remedies may also be subject to the vote of a specified percentage of the lenders thereunder. The Adviser will have the authority to cause the Fund to consent to certain amendments, waivers or modifications to the investments requested by obligors or the lead agents for loan syndication agreements. The Adviser may, in accordance with its investment management standards, cause the Fund to extend or defer the maturity, adjust the outstanding balance of any investment, reduce or forgive interest or fees, release material collateral or guarantees, or otherwise amend, modify or waive the terms of any related loan agreement, including the payment terms thereunder. The Adviser will make such determinations in accordance with its investment management standards. Any amendment, waiver or modification of an investment could adversely impact the Fund’s investment returns.
Second Priority Liens Risk.
Certain debt investments that the Fund makes may be secured on a second priority basis by the same collateral securing first priority debt of such companies. The first priority liens on the collateral will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under any outstanding senior debt and may secure certain other future debt that may be permitted to be incurred by the company under the agreements governing the loans. The holders of obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral will generally control the liquidation of and be entitled to receive proceeds from any realization of the collateral to repay their obligations in full before the Fund. In addition, the value of the collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from the sale or sales of all of the collateral would be sufficient to satisfy the debt obligations secured by the second priority liens after payment in full of all obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral. If such proceeds are not sufficient to repay amounts outstanding under the debt obligations secured by the second priority liens, then the Fund, to the extent not repaid from the proceeds of the sale of the collateral, will only have an unsecured claim against such company’s remaining assets, if any.
The Fund may also make unsecured debt investments in portfolio companies, meaning that such investments will not benefit from any interest in collateral of such companies. Liens on such portfolio companies’ collateral, if any, will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under its outstanding secured debt and may secure certain future debt that is permitted to be incurred by the portfolio company under its secured debt agreements. The holders of obligations secured by such liens will generally control the liquidation of, and be entitled to receive proceeds from, any realization of such collateral to repay their obligations in full before the Fund is so entitled. In addition, the value of such collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from sales of such collateral would be sufficient to satisfy its unsecured debt obligations after payment in full of all secured debt obligations. If such proceeds were not sufficient to repay the outstanding secured debt obligations, then its unsecured claims would rank equally with the unpaid portion of such secured creditors’ claims against the portfolio company’s remaining assets, if any.
The rights the Fund may have with respect to the collateral securing the debt investments it makes to its portfolio companies with senior debt outstanding may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more intercreditor agreements that the Fund enters into with the holders of senior debt. Under such an intercreditor agreement, at any time that obligations that have the benefit of the first priority liens are outstanding, any of the following actions that may be taken in respect of the collateral will be at the direction of the holders of the
 
obligations secured by the first priority liens: the ability to cause the commencement of enforcement proceedings against the collateral; the ability to control the conduct of such proceedings; the approval of amendments to collateral documents; releases of liens on the collateral; and waivers of past defaults under collateral documents. The Fund may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if its rights are adversely affected.
Covenant Breaches or Defaults Risk.
A portfolio company’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by the Fund or other lenders or investors could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of its loans and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize a portfolio company’s ability to meet its obligations under the debt or equity securities that the Fund holds. The Fund may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants, with a defaulting portfolio company.
Highly Leveraged Portfolio Companies Risk.
Some of the portfolio companies in which the Fund invests may be highly leveraged, which may have adverse consequences to these companies and to the Fund as an investor. These companies may be subject to restrictive financial and operating covenants and the leverage may impair these companies’ ability to finance their future operations and capital needs. As a result, these companies’ flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions and to take advantage of business opportunities may be limited. Further, a leveraged company’s income and net assets will tend to increase or decrease at a greater rate than if borrowed money were not used.
Risks Related to the Adviser and Its Affiliates; Conflicts of Interest
No prior experience managing an interval fund.
Although the Adviser and its investment team are experienced in managing portfolios of assets in which the Fund expects to invest, including managing a business development company that invests in private credit, they have no prior experience managing a portfolio that takes the form of an interval fund, and the investment philosophy and techniques used by the Adviser to manage an interval fund may differ from those previously employed by the Adviser, its affiliates, and their respective investment teams in identifying and managing past investments. Accordingly, we can offer no assurance that we will replicate the historical performance of other clients or other entities or companies that the Adviser’s investment team or the Adviser or its affiliates advised in the past, and we caution you that our investment returns could be substantially lower than the returns achieved by other clients of our Adviser or its affiliates. Further, the Adviser may not be able to successfully operate the Fund’s business or achieve the Fund’s investment objective. As a result, an investment in the Fund’s Common Shares may entail more risk than the shares of common stock of a comparable company with a substantial operating history.
Conflicts of Interest Related to Obligations of the Adviser
s Senior Management.
The members of the senior management and investment team of the Adviser serve or may serve as officers, directors or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as the Fund, including a business development company that invests in private credit, or of investment funds managed by the Adviser’s affiliates. In serving in these multiple capacities, they may have obligations to other clients or investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which may not be in the Fund’s best interests or in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders. The Fund’s investment objective may overlap with the investment objectives of such investment funds, accounts or other investment vehicles. In particular, the Fund will rely on the Adviser to manage
its day-to-day activities
and to implement its investment strategy. The Adviser and certain of its affiliates are presently, and plan in the future to continue to be, involved with activities that are unrelated to the Fund. As a result of these activities, the Adviser, its officers and affiliates, and employees of its affiliates will have conflicts of interest in allocating their time between the Fund and other activities in which they are or may become involved, including the management of one or more Other Accounts (defined below). The Adviser, its officers and affiliates, and employees of its affiliates will devote only as much of its or their time to the Fund’s business as the Adviser and its officers, in their judgment, determine is reasonably required, which may be substantially less than their full time.
The Fund relies, in part, on the Adviser to assist with identifying investment opportunities and making investment recommendations to the Fund. The Adviser’s personnel will be expected to attend lender conferences,
 
management meetings and facility visits. While the Adviser may participate at times on creditor committees, which could serve to limit the Fund’s ability to trade, it will at all times seek to avoid any such constraint. Despite the Adviser’s best efforts, however, the Adviser may conclude that it is in the best interest of the Fund to accept a temporary restrain on its ability to trade. The Adviser and its affiliates are not restricted from forming additional investment funds, entering into other investment advisory relationships or engaging in other business activities. These activities could be viewed as creating a conflict of interest in that the time and effort of the members of the Adviser, its affiliates and their officers and employees will not be devoted exclusively to the Fund’s business, but will be allocated between the Fund and such other business activities of the Adviser and its affiliates in a manner that the Adviser and, as applicable, such affiliates deem necessary and appropriate. See “
Potential Conflicts of Interest.
In addition, the Fund may make investments in different parts of the capital structure of companies in which Other Accounts already hold an investment, subject to the Investment Company Act and the conditions of the Order (as defined below). Generally speaking, the Adviser expects that the Fund will make such investments only when, at the time of investment, the Adviser believes such investment is in the Fund’s best interests and either the possibility of actual adversity is remote, the Fund’s investment is small and
non-controlling
or the Adviser believes that such investment is appropriate for the Fund in light of the particular circumstances, notwithstanding the potential for conflict.
Time and Resource Risks Related to Employees of the Adviser and its Affiliates.
The Adviser, Diameter, and individuals employed by Diameter are generally not prohibited from raising capital for and managing other investment entities that make the same types of investments as those the Fund targets, including a business development company that invests in private credit. As a result, the time and resources that these individuals may devote to the Fund may be diverted. In addition, the Fund may compete with any such investment entity for the same investors and investment opportunities.
One or more of the Fund’s affiliates have received an exemptive order from the SEC which would apply to us and would allow us to engage in
co-investment
transactions with the Adviser and its affiliates, subject to certain terms and conditions. However, while the terms of the exemptive relief would require that the Adviser will be given the opportunity to cause us to participate in certain transactions originated by affiliates of the Adviser, the Adviser may determine that we not participate in those transactions and for certain other transactions (as set forth in guidelines approved by the Board) the Adviser may not have the opportunity to cause us to participate. Affiliates of the Adviser, whose primary business includes the origination of investments or investing
in non-originated assets,
engage in investment advisory business with accounts that compete with us. See “
Potential Conflicts of Interest.
Dependence on Key Personnel.
The Fund’s future success depends, to a significant extent, on the continued services of the officers and employees of the Adviser or its affiliates. The loss of services of one or more members of the Adviser’s or its affiliates’ management team, including members of any investment committees, could adversely affect the Fund’s financial condition, business and results of operations. Although the Adviser or one of its affiliates has employment agreements with some or all of these key personnel, employment
is “at-will,” and
we cannot guarantee that all, or any particular one, will remain affiliated with the Fund and/or the Adviser or one of its affiliates. Further, the Fund does not intend to separately maintain key person life insurance on any of these individuals.
The Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective depends on the Adviser’s ability to identify and analyze, and to invest in, finance and monitor companies that meet the Fund’s investment criteria. The Adviser’s capabilities in structuring the investment process, providing competent, attentive and efficient services to the Fund, and facilitating access to financing on acceptable terms depend on the employment of investment professionals in an adequate number and of adequate sophistication to match the corresponding flow of transactions. To achieve the Fund’s investment objective, the Adviser may need to hire, train, supervise and manage new investment professionals to participate in the Fund’s investment selection and monitoring process.
 
The Adviser may not be able to find investment professionals in a timely manner or at all. Failure to support the Fund’s investment process could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
While the Adviser has entered into the Resource Sharing Agreement (defined below) with Diameter Capital Partners and Diameter Capital (UK) Limited, pursuant to which Diameter Capital Partners and Diameter Capital (UK) Limited will provide the Adviser with experienced investment professionals and access to the resources of Diameter Capital Partners and Diameter Capital (UK) Limited so as to enable the Adviser to fulfill its obligations under the Investment Advisory Agreement (as defined below), there can be no assurance that Diameter Capital Partners and Diameter Capital (UK) Limited will perform their respective obligations under the Resource Sharing Agreement. In addition, the Resource Sharing Agreement may be terminated by either party on sixty (60) days’ notice, and such termination may have a material adverse consequence on the Fund’s operations.
Misconduct by employees or by third-party service providers could cause significant losses to the Fund. Employee misconduct could include, among other things, binding the Fund to transactions that exceed authorized limits or present unacceptable risks and other unauthorized activities or concealing unsuccessful investments (which, in either case, may result in unknown and unmanaged risks or losses), or otherwise charging (or seeking to charge) inappropriate expenses to the Fund or Diameter. In addition, employees and third-party service providers may improperly use or disclose confidential information, which could result in litigation or serious financial harm, including limiting the Fund’s business prospects or future activities.
Allocation Policy Conflict of Interest.
The Adviser will determine whether it would be permissible, advisable or otherwise appropriate for the Fund to pursue a particular investment opportunity allocated to the Fund. However, the Adviser, its officers and affiliates, employees of its affiliates and members of any investment committees serve or may serve as investment advisers, officers, trustees or principals of entities or investment funds that operate in the same or a related line of business as us or of investment funds managed by the Adviser’s affiliates. Accordingly, these individuals may have obligations to investors in those entities or funds, the fulfillment of which might not be in the Fund’s best interest or the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders.
In addition, any affiliated investment vehicle currently formed or formed in the future and managed by the Adviser or its affiliates, particularly in connection with any future growth of their respective businesses, may have overlapping investment objectives with those of the Fund and, accordingly, may invest in asset classes similar to those targeted by the Fund. The Adviser’s allocation policies are intended to ensure that, over time, the Fund generally shares equitably with Other Accounts sponsored or managed by the Adviser or its affiliates in investment opportunities, particularly those involving a security with limited supply or involving differing classes of securities of the same issuer that are suitable for the Fund and such Other Accounts. However, there can be no assurance that the Adviser’s or its affiliates’ efforts to allocate any particular investment opportunity among all Advisory Clients (as defined below) for whom such opportunity is appropriate will result in an allocation of all or part of such opportunity to the Fund. Not all conflicts of interest can be expected to be resolved in the Fund’s favor. It is possible that the Fund may not be given the opportunity to participate in certain investments made by those other entities that would otherwise be suitable for the Fund. Officers and employees of the Adviser and its affiliates may also face financial conflicts of interest to the extent their salary or bonus calculation or personal investments are in other entities that have a similar investment objective to the Fund.
Risks Related to Our Adviser’s Ability to Resign.
We cannot assure investors that the Adviser will remain our investment adviser or that we will continue to have access to Diameter or its investment professionals. The investment advisory agreement between the Fund and the Adviser (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”) may be terminated by either party without penalty on sixty (60) days’ written notice to the other party. The holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities may also terminate the Investment Advisory Agreement without penalty on sixty (60) days’ written notice.
The Adviser has the right, under the Investment Advisory Agreement, to resign at any time on sixty (60) days’ written notice, regardless of whether we have found a replacement. In addition, our Board has the
 
authority to remove the Adviser for any reason or for no reason, or may choose not to renew the Investment Advisory Agreement. Furthermore, the Investment Advisory Agreement automatically terminates in the event of its assignment, as defined in the Investment Company Act, by the Adviser. If the Adviser resigns or is terminated, or if we do not obtain the requisite approvals of shareholders and our Board to approve an agreement with the Adviser after an assignment, we may not be able to find a new investment adviser or hire internal management with similar expertise and ability to provide the same or equivalent services on acceptable terms within sixty (60) days, or at all. If we are unable to do so quickly, our operations are likely to experience a disruption and costs under any new agreements that we enter into could increase. Our financial condition, business and results of operations, as well as our ability to pay dividends, are likely to be adversely affected, and the value of our Common Shares may decline.
Any new Investment Advisory Agreement would be subject to approval by our shareholders. Even if we are able to enter into comparable management or administrative arrangements, the integration of a new adviser or administrator and their lack of familiarity with our investment objective may result in additional costs and time delays that may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, if the Adviser resigns or is terminated, we would lose the benefits of our relationship with Diameter, including insights into our existing portfolio, market expertise, sector and macroeconomic views and due diligence capabilities, as well as any investment opportunities referred to us.
Limitation of the Adviser’s Liability.
The Adviser has not assumed any responsibility to us other than to render the services described in the Investment Advisory Agreement, and it will not be responsible for any action of our Board in declining to follow the Adviser’s advice or recommendations. Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser and its officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons, members and any other person or entity affiliated with it (the “Adviser Indemnified Parties”) will not be liable to us for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any act or omission or any loss suffered by the Fund in connection with the matters to which the Investment Advisory Agreement relates, provided that the Adviser will not be protected against any liability to the Fund or its shareholders to which the Adviser would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of its duties and obligations and any liability that cannot be waived due to the fiduciary duty imposed upon the Advisor pursuant to Section 36(b) of the Investment Company Act.
We have agreed to provide to each Adviser Indemnified Party advances from the Fund for payment of the reasonable expenses incurred by it in connection with the matter as to which it is seeking indemnification in the matter and to the fullest extent permissible under law. Our obligation to provide indemnification and advancement of expenses is subject to the requirements of the Investment Company Act and Investment Company Act Release No. 11330, which, among other things, preclude indemnification for any liability (whether or not there is an adjudication of liability or the matter has been settled) arising by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of duties, and require reasonable and fair means for determining whether indemnification will be made. Despite these limitations, the rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses may lead the Adviser Indemnified Parties to act in a riskier manner than they would when acting for their own account.
Effects of Leverage [Text Block]
LEVERAGE
It is anticipated that the Fund will employ leverage as market conditions permit and at the discretion of the Adviser, but in no event will the leverage employed by the Fund exceed the limitations set forth in the Investment Company Act.
The Investment Company Act requires a registered investment company to satisfy an asset coverage requirement of 300% of its indebtedness, including amounts borrowed, measured at the time such investment company incurs the indebtedness. This requirement means that the value of such investment company’s total indebtedness may not exceed one-third the value of its total assets (including the indebtedness).
The Fund intends to incur leverage in the form of borrowings, which may include loans from certain financial institutions and the issuance of debt securities. The Fund may also, to a limited extent, use reverse repurchase agreements or similar transactions and derivatives, credit default swaps, dollar rolls or borrowings, such as through bank loans or commercial paper and/or other credit facilities. The Fund may also enter into transactions other than those noted above that may give rise to a form of leverage including, without limitation, futures and forward contracts (including foreign currency exchange contracts), total return swaps and other derivative transactions, loans of portfolio securities, short sales and when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions.
The Fund may also incur leverage through the issuance of preferred shares. Under the Investment Company Act, the Fund is not permitted to issue preferred shares unless immediately after such issuance the value of the Fund’s total assets (minus any liabilities not representing senior securities) is at least 200% of the aggregate amount of senior securities representing indebtedness plus the liquidation value of the outstanding preferred shares (i.e., the liquidation value plus the amount of senior securities representing indebtedness may not exceed 50% of the Fund’s total assets, after subtracting any liabilities not representing senior securities). In determining whether to borrow money, the Fund will analyze the maturity, covenant package and rate structure of any proposed borrowings as well as the risks of such borrowings compared to its investment outlook. Any such leverage, if incurred, would be expected to increase the total capital available for investment by the Fund. The Fund may pledge and may grant a security interest in all of its assets under the terms of any debt instruments that it enters into with lenders. In addition, from time to time, the Fund’s losses on investments may result in the liquidation of other investments held by the Fund.
The amount and cost of leverage, which is often priced on a floating rate basis, may vary frequently and may increase the Fund’s volatility. Changes in NAV can be amplified with the use of leverage.
In response to changes in market conditions, such as rising short-term interest rates or increased volatility, the Adviser may take steps to reduce the negative impact of leverage on common shareholders. This may include shortening the average maturity of the portfolio, reallocating assets into short-term securities, or reducing the level of leverage by repaying outstanding borrowings. These actions are taken with the goal of maintaining the Fund’s risk profile while maximizing returns. However, the success of these strategies is dependent on the Adviser’s ability to accurately predict market movements, and there is no guarantee that such efforts will mitigate leverage risk effectively.
When market conditions are favorable and leverage is expected to benefit shareholders, the Fund may increase leverage by entering into new credit facilities, expanding existing facilities, or issuing preferred shares, subject to regulatory limits. The Fund continuously evaluates the costs and benefits of leverage, adjusting the level of leverage as necessary to optimize the portfolio’s performance while managing risk.
The Fund’s use of derivatives, such as swaps, options, and futures, may also create indirect leverage by increasing the Fund’s exposure to certain assets without requiring a direct investment. While these instruments can help manage interest rate, credit, or market risks, they also introduce additional complexities and risks. The Adviser carefully assesses these risks and integrates them into the broader risk management framework.
 
The following table illustrates the effect of leverage on returns from an investment in our Shares, assuming various annual returns, net of expenses. The calculations in the table below are hypothetical and actual returns may be higher or lower than those appearing below. The calculation assumes (i) $625,000,000 in average total assets, (ii) a weighted average cost of funds of 4.83%, (iii) $125,000,000 in borrowings outstanding (i.e. assumes the Fund borrows funds equal to 25% of its average net assets during such period) and (iv) $500,000,000 in average shareholders’ equity. In order to compute the corresponding return to shareholders, the “Assumed Return on the Fund’s Portfolio (Net of Expenses)” is multiplied by the assumed average total assets to obtain an assumed return to the Fund. From this amount, the interest expense is calculated by multiplying the assumed weighted average cost of funds by the assumed borrowings outstanding, and the product is subtracted from the assumed return to the Fund in order to determine the return available to shareholders. The return available to shareholders is then divided by shareholders’ equity to determine the corresponding return to shareholders. Actual interest payments may be different.
 
Assumed Return on Portfolio (Net of Expenses)
 
 
-10
 
 
-5
 
 
0
 
 
5
 
 
10
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corresponding Return to Common Stockholders
 
 
-13.71
 
 
-7.46
 
 
1.21
 
 
5.04
 
 
11.29
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Similarly, assuming (i) $
625,000,000
in average total assets, (ii) a weighted average cost of funds of
4.83
% and (iii) $
125,000,000
in borrowings outstanding, the Fund’s assets would need to yield an annual return (net of expenses) of approximately
1.21
% in order to cover the annual interest payments on the Fund’s outstanding borrowings.
Effects of Leverage [Table Text Block]
Assumed Return on Portfolio (Net of Expenses)
 
 
-10
 
 
-5
 
 
0
 
 
5
 
 
10
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corresponding Return to Common Stockholders
 
 
-13.71
 
 
-7.46
 
 
1.21
 
 
5.04
 
 
11.29
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return at Minus Ten [Percent] (13.71%)
Return at Minus Five [Percent] (7.46%)
Return at Zero [Percent] 1.21%
Return at Plus Five [Percent] 5.04%
Return at Plus Ten [Percent] 11.29%
Effects of Leverage, Purpose [Text Block] The following table illustrates the effect of leverage on returns from an investment in our Shares, assuming various annual returns, net of expenses. The calculations in the table below are hypothetical and actual returns may be higher or lower than those appearing below. The calculation assumes (i) $625,000,000 in average total assets, (ii) a weighted average cost of funds of 4.83%, (iii) $125,000,000 in borrowings outstanding (i.e. assumes the Fund borrows funds equal to 25% of its average net assets during such period) and (iv) $500,000,000 in average shareholders’ equity. In order to compute the corresponding return to shareholders, the “Assumed Return on the Fund’s Portfolio (Net of Expenses)” is multiplied by the assumed average total assets to obtain an assumed return to the Fund. From this amount, the interest expense is calculated by multiplying the assumed weighted average cost of funds by the assumed borrowings outstanding, and the product is subtracted from the assumed return to the Fund in order to determine the return available to shareholders. The return available to shareholders is then divided by shareholders’ equity to determine the corresponding return to shareholders. Actual interest payments may be different.
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]  
Capital Stock [Table Text Block]
Shares of Beneficial Interest
The Fund is a statutory trust organized under the laws of Delaware pursuant to a Certificate of Trust, dated as of May 2, 2025, and the Declaration of Trust. The Fund is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Shares. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees may authorize one or more classes of Shares, with Shares of each such class or series having such preferences, voting powers, terms of repurchase, if any, and special or relative rights or privileges (including conversion rights, if any) as the Board may determine. The Board may from time to time, without a vote of the common shareholders, divide, combine or, prior to the issuance of Shares, reclassify the Shares into a greater or lesser number without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest in such Shares.
On November 18, 2025, the Fund was granted an exemptive order from the SEC to, among other things, issue multiple classes of Common Shares and to impose asset-based distribution fees and early-withdrawal fees as applicable. An investment in any Common Share class of the Fund represents an investment in the same assets of the Fund. However, the minimum investment amounts, sales loads, if applicable, and ongoing fees and expenses for each Common Share class may be different. The fees and expenses for the Fund are set forth in “
Summary of Fund Fees and Expenses
.” The details of each class of Common Shares are set forth in “
Plan of Distribution
.”
There is currently no market for the Common Shares, and the Fund does not expect that a market for the Common Shares will develop in the foreseeable future.
Any additional offerings of classes of Shares will require approval by the Board. Any additional offering of classes of Shares will also be subject to the requirements of the Investment Company Act, which provides that such Shares may not be issued at a price below the then current NAV, exclusive of the sales load, except in connection with an offering to existing holders of Shares or with the consent of a majority of the Fund’s common shareholders.
The following table shows the amounts of Shares that have been authorized and outstanding as of March 19, 2026:
 
Title of Class
  
Amount Authorized
    
Amount Held by the
Fund or for its
Account
    
Amount Outstanding
Exclusive of Amount
Held by the Fund or
for its Account
 
Common Shares, par value $0.001 per share
        
Class A Shares
    
Unlimited
       —         —   
Class I Shares
    
Unlimited
       —         10,000  
Common Shares
Each Common Share has one vote and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the terms of this offering, will be fully paid and the purchasers of the Common Shares will have no obligation to make further payments for the purchase of the Common Shares or contributions to the Fund solely by reason of their ownership of the Common Shares in accordance with the Declaration of Trust, except that the Trustees shall have the power to cause shareholders to pay certain expenses of the Fund by setting off charges due from shareholders from declared but unpaid dividends or distributions owed the shareholders and/or by reducing the number of Common Shares owned by each respective shareholder, and except for the obligation to repay any funds wrongfully distributed. Distributions may be made to the holders of the Fund’s Class A Shares and Class I Shares at the same time and in different per Common Share amounts on such Class A Shares and Class I Shares if, as
 
and when authorized and declared by the Board. Although an investment in any class of Common Shares represents an investment in the same assets of the Fund, the purchase restrictions and ongoing fees and expenses for each share class are different, resulting in different NAVs and distributions for each class of Shares. See “
Plan of Distribution
.”
If and whenever preferred shares (“Preferred Shares,” and together with Common Shares, “Shares”) are outstanding, the holders of Common Shares will not be entitled to receive any distributions from the Fund unless all accrued dividends on Preferred Shares have been paid, unless asset coverage (as defined in the Investment Company Act) with respect to Preferred Shares would be at least 200% after giving effect to the distributions and unless certain other requirements imposed by any rating agencies rating the Preferred Shares have been met. See “-
Preferred Shares
” below.
Preferred Shares
The Declaration of Trust provides that the Board may authorize the issuance of Preferred Shares, with rights as determined by the Board, by action of the Board without the approval of the holders of Common Shares. Holders of Common Shares have no preemptive right to purchase any Preferred Shares that might be issued.
Under the Investment Company Act, the Fund is not permitted to issue Preferred Shares unless immediately after such issuance the value of the Fund’s total assets (minus any liabilities not representing senior securities) is at least 200% of the aggregate amount of senior securities representing indebtedness plus the liquidation value of the outstanding Preferred Shares (i.e., the liquidation value plus the amount of senior securities representing indebtedness may not exceed 50% of the Fund’s total assets, after subtracting any liabilities not representing senior securities). In addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the value of the Fund’s total assets is at least 200% of such liquidation value. If the Fund issues Preferred Shares, it may be subject to restrictions imposed by guidelines of one or more rating agencies that may issue ratings for Preferred Shares issued by the Fund. These guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the Investment Company Act. It is not anticipated that these covenants or guidelines would impede the Adviser from managing the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies.
Although the terms of any Preferred Shares that the Fund might issue in the future, including dividend rate, liquidation preference and repurchase provisions, will be determined by the Board, subject to applicable law and the Declaration of Trust, it is likely that any such Preferred Shares issued would be structured to carry a relatively short-term dividend rate reflecting interest rates on short-term debt securities, by providing for the periodic redetermination of the dividend rate at relatively short intervals through a fixed spread or remarketing procedure, subject to a maximum rate which would increase over time in the event of an extended period of unsuccessful remarketing. The Fund also believes that it is likely that the liquidation preference, voting rights and repurchase provisions of any such Preferred Shares would be similar to those stated below.
Liquidation Preference
. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Fund, the holders of Preferred Shares will be entitled to receive a preferential liquidating distribution, which would be expected to equal the original purchase price per preferred share plus accrued and unpaid dividends, whether or not declared, before any distribution of assets is made to holders of Common Shares. After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distribution to which they are entitled, the holders of preferred shares would not be entitled to any further participation in any distribution of assets by the Fund.
Voting Rights
. The Investment Company Act requires that the holders of any Preferred Shares, voting separately as a single class, have the right to elect at least two Fund Trustees at all times. The remaining Fund Trustees will be elected by holders of Common Shares and Preferred Shares, voting together as a single class. In addition, subject to the prior rights, if any, of the holders of any other class of senior securities outstanding, the holders of any Preferred Shares have the right to elect a majority of the Fund Trustees at any time two years’
 
dividends on any Preferred Shares are unpaid. The Investment Company Act also requires that, in addition to any approval by shareholders that might otherwise be required, the approval of the holders of a majority of any outstanding Preferred Shares, voting separately as a class, would be required to (1) adopt any plan of reorganization that would adversely affect the Preferred Shares, and (2) take any action requiring a vote of security holders under Section 13(a) of the Investment Company Act, including, among other things, changes in the Fund’s
sub-classification
as a
closed-end
investment company or changes in its fundamental investment restrictions. See “
Delaware Law and Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust
”. As a result of these voting rights, the Fund’s ability to take any such actions may be impeded to the extent that there are any Preferred Shares outstanding. The Board presently intends that, except as otherwise indicated in this Prospectus and except as otherwise required by applicable law, holders of any Preferred Shares will have equal voting rights with holders of Common Shares (one vote per share, unless otherwise required by the Investment Company Act) and will vote together with holders of Common Shares as a single class.
The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of any outstanding Preferred Shares, voting as a separate class, would be required to amend, alter or repeal any of the preferences, rights or powers of holders of Preferred Shares so as to affect materially and adversely such preferences, rights or powers, or to increase or decrease the authorized number of Preferred Shares. The class vote of holders of Preferred Shares described above would
in
each case be in addition to any other vote required to authorize the action in question.
Repurchase, Purchase and Sale of Preferred Shares by the Fund
. The terms of any Preferred Shares are expected to provide that (1) they are repurchasable by the Fund in whole or in part at the original purchase price per share plus accrued dividends per share, (2) the Fund may tender for or purchase Preferred Shares and (3) the Fund may subsequently resell any shares so tendered for or purchased.
Liquidity Feature
. Preferred shares may include a liquidity feature that allows holders of Preferred Shares to have their shares purchased by a liquidity provider in the event that sell orders have not been matched with purchase orders and successfully settled in a remarketing. The Fund will pay a fee to the provider of this liquidity feature, which would be borne by common shareholders of the Fund. The terms of such liquidity feature may require the Fund to repurchase Preferred Shares still owned by the liquidity provider following a certain period of continuous, unsuccessful remarketing, which may adversely impact the Fund.
The discussion above describes the possible offering of Preferred Shares by the Fund. If the Board determines to proceed with such an offering, the terms of the Preferred Shares may be the same as, or different from, the terms described above, subject to applicable law and the Fund’s Declaration of Trust. The Board, without the approval of the holders of Common Shares, may authorize an offering of Preferred Shares or may determine not to authorize such an offering, and may fix the terms of the Preferred Shares to be offered.
Outstanding Securities [Table Text Block]
The following table shows the amounts of Shares that have been authorized and outstanding as of March 19, 2026:
 
Title of Class
  
Amount Authorized
    
Amount Held by the
Fund or for its
Account
    
Amount Outstanding
Exclusive of Amount
Held by the Fund or
for its Account
 
Common Shares, par value $0.001 per share
        
Class A Shares
    
Unlimited
       —         —   
Class I Shares
    
Unlimited
       —         10,000  
Risks Related to the Fund's Business and Structure [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Risks Related to the Fund’s Business and Structure
No Operating History.
The Fund has not commenced operations and therefore has no operating history upon which potential investors may evaluate past or future performance. We are subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new business, including the risk that we will not achieve our investment objective and that the value of an investor’s investment could decline substantially or an investor’s investment could become worthless. There may be delays in investing substantially all of the capital raised by us in this offering due to the time necessary to identify, evaluate, structure, negotiate and close suitable investments in our performing corporate credit strategy, structured credit strategy and private credit strategy.
To the extent required to comply with diversification and other requirements, or otherwise deemed appropriate, during the startup period, we will use funds to invest in temporary investments, such as cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high-quality debt investments that mature in one year or less, which we expect will earn yields substantially lower than the interest, dividend or other income that we anticipate receiving in respect of suitable portfolio investments. We may not be able to pay any significant dividends during the startup period, and any such dividends may be substantially lower than the dividends we expect to pay when our portfolio is fully invested.
We will pay a management fee to the Adviser throughout this interim period. If the management fee and our other expenses exceed the return on any temporary investments, our equity capital will be eroded.
While we believe that the past professional experiences of the Adviser’s investment team, including investment and financial experience of the Adviser’s senior management, will increase the likelihood that the Adviser will be able to manage the Fund successfully, there can be no assurance that this will be the case.
Non-Diversified
Status.
We are classified as a
non-diversified
investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act, which means that we are not limited by the Investment Company Act with respect to the proportion of our assets that we may invest in securities of a single issuer. Under the Investment Company Act, a “diversified” investment company is required to invest at least 75% of the value of its total assets in cash and cash items, government securities, securities of other investment companies and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the total assets of such company and no more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer. As a
non-diversified
investment company, we are not subject to this requirement. To the extent that we assume large positions in the securities of a small number of issuers, or within a particular industry, our NAV may fluctuate to a greater extent than that of a
 
diversified investment company as a result of changes in the financial condition or the market’s assessment of the issuer. We may also be more susceptible to any single economic or regulatory occurrence than a diversified investment company or to a general downturn in the economy.
The Adviser will endeavor to build and manage a diversified portfolio of investments with representation in various industries and economic sectors, geographic regions and deal types which may include growth financings and recapitalizations. Despite the foregoing objectives, the Fund may be concentrated in certain industries and/or economic sectors, geographic regions and/or deal types. The Fund also may be more concentrated than other funds with similar diversification objectives.
However, we will be subject to the diversification requirements applicable to RICs under Subchapter M of the Code, which include single issuer concentration limits. See “
Certain U.S. Federal Income
Tax Matters – Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company.
Our Board May Amend our Declaration of Trust Without Prior Shareholder Approval.
Our Board may, without shareholder vote, subject to certain exceptions, amend or otherwise supplement the Declaration of Trust, including without limitation to classify the Board, to impose advance notice provisions for Trustee nominations or for shareholder proposals and to require super-majority approval of transactions with significant shareholders or other provisions that may be characterized as anti-takeover in nature. See “
Delaware Law and Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust—Amendment of the Declaration of Trust.
” The Fund’s Declaration of Trust includes provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or convert the Fund
to open-end status.
Closed-End
Interval Fund; Illiquidity of Common Shares.
The Fund is structured as an “interval fund” and designed primarily for long-term investors. An investment in the Common Shares should be considered illiquid. The Common Shares are appropriate only for investors who are seeking an investment in less liquid or illiquid portfolio investments within an illiquid fund. An investment in the Common Shares is not suitable for investors who need access to the money they invest. Unlike
open-end
funds, which generally permit redemptions on a daily basis, the Common Shares are not redeemable at an investor’s option. Unlike the shares of listed
closed-end
funds, the Common Shares are not listed for trading on any securities exchange, and the Fund does not expect any secondary market to develop for the Common Shares in the foreseeable future. The NAV of the Common Shares may be volatile and the Fund’s use of leverage will increase this volatility. As the Common Shares are not traded, investors may not be able to dispose of their investment in the Fund when or in the amount desired, no matter how the Fund performs.
Although the Fund, as a fundamental policy, will make quarterly offers to repurchase between 5% and 25% of its outstanding Common Shares at NAV, the number of Common Shares tendered in connection with a repurchase offer may exceed the number of Common Shares the Fund has offered to repurchase, in which case the Fund may not repurchase all of a shareholder’s Common Shares tendered in that offer. In connection with any given repurchase offer, it is likely that the Fund may offer to repurchase only the minimum amount of 5% of its outstanding Common Shares. Hence, shareholders may not be able to sell their Common Shares when and/or in the amount that they desire.
See
Repurchase Offers Risk
”.
Large Shareholder Risk.
To the extent a large proportion of Common Shares is held by a small number of shareholders (or a single common shareholder), including affiliates of the Adviser, the Fund is subject to the risk that these shareholders may seek to sell Common Shares (including after expiration of any applicable
“lock-up
period”) in large amounts rapidly in connection with repurchase offers. These transactions could adversely affect the ability of the Fund to conduct its investment program. Furthermore, it is possible that in response to a repurchase offer, the total amount of Common Shares tendered by a small number of shareholders (or a single common shareholder) may exceed the number of Common Shares that the Fund has offered to repurchase. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed by shareholders, the Fund will repurchase only a pro rata portion of shares tendered by each shareholder.
See
Repurchase Offers Risk
”.
 
Repurchase Offers Risk.
The Fund is an “interval fund” and, in order to provide liquidity to shareholders, the Fund, subject to applicable law, will conduct quarterly repurchase offers of the Fund’s outstanding Common Shares at NAV, with the size of the repurchase offer subject to approval of the Board. In all cases, such repurchase offers will be for at least 5% and not more than 25% of its outstanding Common Shares at NAV, pursuant to Rule
23c-3
under the Investment Company Act. The Fund currently expects to conduct quarterly repurchase offers for 5% of its outstanding Common Shares under ordinary circumstances. The Fund believes that these repurchase offers are generally beneficial to its shareholders, and repurchases may be funded from available cash, borrowings, subscription proceeds or sales of portfolio securities. However, repurchase offers and the need to fund repurchase obligations may affect the ability of the Fund to be fully invested or force the Fund to maintain a higher percentage of its assets in liquid investments, which may harm the Fund’s investment performance. Moreover, diminution in the size of the Fund through repurchases may result in untimely sales of portfolio securities (with associated imputed transaction costs, which may be significant), and may limit the ability of the Fund to participate in new investment opportunities or to achieve its investment objective. The Fund may accumulate cash by holding back (i.e., not reinvesting) payments received in connection with the Fund’s investments. If at any time cash and other cash equivalents held by the Fund are not sufficient to meet the Fund’s repurchase obligations, the Fund intends, if necessary, to sell investments, including illiquid investments. If the Fund employs investment leverage, repurchases of Common Shares would compound the adverse effects of leverage in a declining market. In addition, if the Fund borrows to finance repurchases, interest on that borrowing will negatively affect common shareholders who do not tender their Common Shares by increasing the Fund’s expenses and reducing any net investment income. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed, the Fund may, but is not required to, determine to increase the amount repurchased by up to 2% of the Fund’s outstanding shares as of the date of the Repurchase Request Deadline. In the event that the Fund determines not to repurchase more than the repurchase offer amount, or if shareholders tender more than the repurchase offer amount plus 2% of the Fund’s outstanding shares as of the date of the Repurchase Request Deadline, the Fund will repurchase the Common Shares tendered on a pro rata basis, and shareholders will have to wait until the next repurchase offer to make another repurchase request. As a result, shareholders may be unable to liquidate all or a given percentage of their investment in the Fund during a particular repurchase offer. Some shareholders, in anticipation of proration, may tender more Common Shares than they wish to have repurchased in a particular quarter, thereby increasing the likelihood that proration will occur. A shareholder may be subject to market and other risks, and the NAV of Common Shares tendered in a repurchase offer may decline between the Repurchase Request Deadline and the date on which the NAV for tendered Common Shares is determined. In addition, the repurchase of Common Shares by the Fund may be a taxable event to shareholders. See “
Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Matters – Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company
.”
Distributions Risk
.
Any distributions the Fund makes will be at the discretion of the Board, considering factors such as the Fund’s earnings, cash flow, capital and liquidity needs and general financial condition and the requirements of Delaware law. As a result, the Fund’s distribution rates and payment frequency may vary from time to time. The Fund may not achieve investment results that will allow it to make a specified or stable level of cash distributions and its distributions may decrease over time. In addition, the Fund may be limited in its ability to make distributions.
Valuation Risk.
Under the Investment Company
Act
, we are required to carry our portfolio investments at market value or, if there is no readily available market value, in accordance with rule
2a-5,
at fair value as determined pursuant to policies adopted by, and subject to the oversight of, our Board. There is not a public market for certain of the private assets in which we plan to invest. We expect that many of our investments will not be publicly-traded or actively traded on a secondary market. The Board’s valuation designee, as further described below, will value these securities daily at fair value as determined in good faith as required by the Investment Company Act, but generally based on the most recent monthly (or, in certain cases, quarterly) mark. Between monthly (or, in certain cases, quarterly) valuations the valuation designee will consider daily whether there has been a material change to such investments as to affect their fair value, but such analysis will be more limited than the monthly process.
 
As part of the valuation process, the valuation designee will generally take into account relevant factors in determining the fair value of the Fund’s investments, without market quotations, some of which are loans, including and in combination, as relevant: (i) the estimated enterprise value of a portfolio company; (ii) the nature and realizable value of any collateral; (iii) the portfolio company’s ability to make payments based on its earnings and cash flow; (iv) the markets in which the portfolio company does business; (v) a comparison of the portfolio company’s securities to any similar publicly traded securities; and (vi) overall changes in the interest rate environment and the credit markets that may affect the price at which similar investments may be made in the future. Our determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if a ready market for these
non-traded
securities existed. Due to this uncertainty, our fair value determinations may cause our NAV on a given date to materially differ from the value that we may ultimately realize upon the sale of one or more of our investments. If we were required to liquidate a portfolio investment in a forced or liquidation sale, we may realize amounts that are different from what was previously the value, and such differences could be material.
Part of our investment strategy is to invest in illiquid debt and equity securities of private companies. Most of these investments will not have a readily available market price, and we value these investments at fair value as determined in good faith as required by the Investment Company Act in accordance with our valuation policy. There is no single standard for determining fair value. As a result, determining fair value requires that judgment be applied to the specific facts and circumstances of each portfolio investment while employing a consistently applied valuation process for the types of investments we make. If we were required to liquidate a portfolio investment in a forced or liquidation sale, we may realize amounts that are different from the amounts presented and such differences could be material.
Risks Related to Cybersecurity and Cyber Incidents.
A cyber incident is considered to be any adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity or availability of our information resources. These incidents may be an intentional attack or an unintentional event and could involve gaining unauthorized access to, use, alteration or destruction of our information systems for purposes of misappropriating assets, obtaining ransom payments, stealing confidential information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption, or may involve phishing. The results of these incidents may include disrupted operations, misstated or unreliable financial data, liability for stolen information, misappropriation of assets, increased cybersecurity protection and insurance costs, litigation and damage to our business relationships. This could result in significant losses, reputational damage, litigation, regulatory fines or penalties, or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures and to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures arising from operational and security risks. The costs related to cybersecurity incidents may not be fully insured or indemnified. We, our Adviser and its affiliates have implemented processes, procedures and internal controls to help mitigate cybersecurity risks and cyber intrusions, but these measures, as well as our increased awareness of the nature and extent of a risk of a cyber incident, may be ineffective and do not guarantee that a cyber incident will not occur or that our financial results, operations or confidential information will not be negatively impacted by such an incident.
Third parties with which we do business (including, but not limited to, key service providers, such as accountants, custodians, transfer agents and administrators, and the issuers of securities in which we invest) may also be sources or targets of cybersecurity or other technological risks. We outsource certain functions and these relationships allow for the storage and processing of our information and assets, as well as certain investor, counterparty, employee and borrower information. While we engage in actions to reduce our exposure resulting from outsourcing, we cannot control the cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by these third parties and ongoing threats may result in unauthorized access, loss, exposure or destruction of data, or other cybersecurity incidents, with increased costs and other consequences, including those described above. Privacy and information security laws and regulation changes, and compliance with those changes, may also result in cost increases due to system changes and the development of new administrative processes.
 
Additionally, investments of Diameter’s funds, including the Fund, and other Diameter entities have involved and/or may in the future involve companies that have experienced cyber-events and/or that may become involved in future cyber events. Cybersecurity events also could affect other Diameter and/or affiliated entities. Such cyber security attacks are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data, and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in critical systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and corruption of data.
A cybersecurity breach may cause the Fund to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption or expose information to misuse, which could have material adverse effects on the Fund. Sensitive information which may be breached in the event of a cybersecurity threat includes, without limitation, information regarding the Fund’s investment activities and shareholders (including personal information of any shareholder and, if applicable, its underlying investors, beneficial owners and/or control persons). Cybersecurity breaches of Diameter’s (including the Adviser) and the Fund’s third-party service providers or portfolio investments may also subject the Fund to many of the same risks associated with direct cybersecurity breaches. Moreover, any such breaches could result in reputational harm to Diameter, the Adviser, the Fund and/or, as applicable, a portfolio investment, could subject any such entity and its affiliates to legal claims and could otherwise adversely affect any such entity’s business and financial performance, which could directly or indirectly adversely affect the Fund.
Cybersecurity risks also require Diameter to undertake ongoing preventative measures and to incur compliance costs.
Risks Related to Compliance with the SEC’s Regulation Best Interest.
Broker-dealers must comply with Regulation Best Interest, which, among other requirements, enhances the prior standard of conduct for broker-dealers and natural persons who are associated persons of a broker-dealer when recommending to a retail customer any securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities to a retail customer. Regulation Best Interest, which was adopted in June 2020, may negatively impact whether broker-dealers and their associated persons recommend the offering to retail customers. If Regulation Best Interest reduces our ability to raise capital in the offering, it would harm our ability to create a diversified portfolio of investments and achieve our investment objectives and would result in our fixed operating costs representing a larger percentage of our gross income.
Inflation and Supply Chain Risk.
Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have in the past had, and may in the future have, negative effects on economies and financial markets, particularly in emerging economies. For example, wages and prices of inputs increase during periods of inflation, which can negatively impact returns on investments. In an attempt to stabilize inflation, countries may impose wage and price controls or otherwise intervene in the economy. Governmental efforts to curb inflation often have negative effects on the level of economic activity. Recent and potential future U.S. tariff policies may contribute to inflationary pressures by increasing the cost of imported goods and materials, which could in turn prompt further economic intervention. There can be no assurance that inflation will not become a serious problem in the future and have an adverse impact on the Fund’s returns.
Trade Negotiations and Government Actions Risk
. In recent years, the U.S. government has indicated its intent to alter its approach to international trade policy and in some cases to renegotiate, or potentially terminate, certain existing bilateral or multi-lateral trade agreements and treaties with foreign countries, and has made proposals and taken actions related thereto, and has proposed and/or taken actions to increase tariffs or other duties on goods or products being imported into the U.S. For example, the U.S. government has imposed, and may in the future increase, tariffs on certain foreign goods, including from China, such as steel and aluminum. Some foreign governments, including China, have instituted retaliatory tariffs on certain U.S. goods. Recently, the current U.S. presidential administration has proposed and/or imposed significant increases to tariffs on goods imported into the U.S., including from China, Canada and Mexico. It is impossible to predict how or what tariffs will be imposed or what retaliatory measures other countries, including China, may take in response to tariffs proposed or imposed by the U.S. Such uncertainty and/or tariffs or counter-measures could further increase costs,
 
decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness of products and services offered by current and future portfolio companies in which the Fund invests and adversely affect the revenues and profitability of portfolio companies whose businesses rely on imported goods.
There is uncertainty as to further actions that may be taken under the current U.S. presidential administration with respect to U.S. trade policy, including with respect to such tariffs. Further governmental actions related to the imposition of tariffs or other trade barriers, or changes to international trade agreements or policies, could create further regulatory uncertainty for the portfolio companies in which the Fund invests and adversely affect their businesses and financial condition, particularly to the extent the revenues and profitability of their businesses rely on goods imported from outside of the United States.
Risks Related to Uncertainty About Financial Stability.
S&P, Moody’s and Fitch downgraded the federal government’s credit rating from AAA to AA+, AAA to AA+ and Aaa to Aa1, respectively, on August 11, 2011, August 1, 2023 and May 16, 2025, respectively. Further downgrades or warnings by rating agencies, and the government’s credit and deficit concerns in general, could cause interest rates and borrowing costs to rise, which may negatively impact both the perception of credit risk associated with our debt portfolio and our ability to access the debt markets on favorable terms. In addition, a decreased credit rating could create broader financial turmoil and uncertainty, which may weigh heavily on our financial performance and the value of our Common Shares.
In recent years, the Federal Reserve’s benchmark federal funds rate has moved through several phases. It was gradually increased in 2017 to 2018, cut multiple times in 2019 and 2020, raised sharply in 2022 to 2023, and then eased in 2024 and September 2025. As of late 2025, further cuts remain possible, depending on evolving economic conditions. Further changes in key economic indicators, such as the unemployment rate or inflation, could lead to additional changes to the target range for the federal funds rate that may cause instability or may negatively impact our ability to access the debt markets on favorable terms. The election of a new U.S. president for a term that commenced in 2025, coupled with a consolidation of party control of both chambers of Congress, has led to new legislative and regulatory initiatives and the roll-back of certain initiatives of the previous presidential administration, which may impact our business and our portfolio investments’ businesses in unpredictable ways. Areas subject to potential change or amendment include the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the Dodd-Frank Act, and the authority of the Federal Reserve and the Financial Stability Oversight Council. Additionally, under the narrowly divided control of the Congress, the likelihood of a failure to increase the debt ceiling and a default by the federal government is increased. The United States has already and may continue to increase tariffs and potentially withdraw from, renegotiate or enter into various trade agreements and take other actions that has changed and would continue to change current trade policies of the United States. We cannot predict which, if any, of these actions will be taken or, if taken, their effect on the financial stability of the United States. Such actions could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Economic Recession or Downturn.
The Fund and its investments may be susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions. Therefore, our
non-performing
assets may increase and the value of our portfolio may decrease during these periods as we are required to record our investments at their current fair value. Adverse economic conditions also may decrease the value of collateral securing some of our loans and the value of our equity investments. Economic slowdowns or recessions could lead to financial losses in our portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and assets. Unfavorable economic conditions also could increase our and our portfolio companies’ funding costs, limit our and our portfolio companies’ access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us or our portfolio companies. These events could prevent us from increasing investments and harm our operating results.
Investment and Market Risk.
An investment in the Fund’s Common Shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount invested. An investment in the Fund’s Common Shares represents an indirect investment in the portfolio of floating rate instruments, other securities and derivative
 
investments owned by the Fund, and the value of these investments may fluctuate, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. At any point in time an investment in the Fund’s Common Shares may be worth less than the original amount invested, even after taking into account distributions paid by the Fund and the ability of common shareholders to reinvest dividends. The Fund may also use leverage, which would magnify the Fund’s investment, market and certain other risks.
Interest Rate Risk.
Because we may borrow money to make investments, our net investment income will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest those funds. Rising interest rates could also adversely affect our performance if such increases cause our borrowing costs to rise at a rate in excess of the rate that our investments yield. As a result, we can offer no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income.
Trading prices for debt that pays a fixed rate of return tend to fall as interest rates rise and trading prices tend to fluctuate more for fixed-rate securities that have longer maturities. An increase in interest rates could decrease the value of any investments we hold which earn fixed interest rates and also could increase our interest expense, thereby decreasing our net income.
In periods of rising interest rates, to the extent we borrow money subject to a floating interest rate, our cost of funds would increase, which could reduce our net investment income. Further, rising interest rates could also adversely affect our performance if we hold investments with floating interest rates, subject to specified minimum interest rates, while at the same time engaging in borrowings subject to floating interest rates not subject to such minimums. In such a scenario, rising interest rates may increase our interest expense, even though our interest income from investments is not increasing in a corresponding manner as a result of such minimum interest rates.
If interest rates rise, there is a risk that the portfolio companies in which we hold floating rate securities will be unable to pay escalating interest amounts, which could result in a default under their loan documents with us. Rising interest rates could also cause portfolio companies to shift cash from other productive uses to the payment of interest, which may have a material adverse effect on their business and operations and could, over time, lead to increased defaults. In addition, rising interest rates may increase pressure on us to provide fixed rate loans to our portfolio companies, which could adversely affect our net investment income, as increases in our cost of borrowed funds would not be accompanied by increased interest income from such fixed-rate investments.
A significant portion of our debt investments are expected to be based on floating rates, such as SOFR, EURIBOR, the Federal Funds Rate or the Prime Rate. General interest rate fluctuations may have a substantial negative impact on our investments, the value of our Common Shares and our rate of return on invested capital. On one hand, a reduction in the interest rates on new investments relative to interest rates on current investments could have an adverse impact on our net interest income, which also could be negatively impacted by our borrowers making prepayments on their loans. On the other hand, an increase in interest rates could increase the interest repayment obligations of our borrowers and result in challenges to their financial performance and ability to repay their obligations.
An increase in interest rates could also decrease the value of any investments we hold that earn fixed interest rates, including subordinated loans, senior and junior secured and unsecured debt securities and loans and high yield bonds, and also could increase our interest expense, thereby decreasing our net income. Moreover, an increase in interest rates available to investors could make investment in our Common Shares less attractive if we are not able to increase our dividend rate, which could reduce the value of our Common Shares. Federal Reserve policy, including with respect to certain interest rates and the decision to end its quantitative easing policy, may also adversely affect the value, volatility and liquidity of
dividend-and
interest-paying securities. Market volatility, rising interest rates and/or a return to unfavorable economic conditions could adversely affect our business.
 
A rise in the general level of interest rates typically leads to higher interest rates applicable to our debt investments.
We may enter into and borrow under credit facilities. Our credit facilities may be subject to variable rates that expose us to interest rate risk. We may also incur additional indebtedness subject to variable rates in the future. When interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness increase even though the amount borrowed remains the same.
U.S. dollar borrowings under our credit facilities may bear interest at a rate derived from SOFR. SOFR is a relatively new reference rate and has a very limited history. The future performance of SOFR cannot be predicted based on its limited historical performance. Since the initial publication of SOFR in April 2018, changes in SOFR have, on occasion, been more volatile than changes in other benchmark or market rates. The use of SOFR is relatively new, and there could be unanticipated difficulties or disruptions with the calculation and publication of SOFR. Additionally, any successor rate to SOFR under our revolving credit facility may not have the same characteristics as SOFR. As a result, the amount of interest we may pay on our revolving credit facility is difficult to predict.
We will regularly measure our exposure to interest rate risk. We will assess interest rate risk and manage our interest rate exposure on an ongoing basis by comparing our interest rate-sensitive assets to our interest rate-sensitive liabilities. Based on that review, we will determine whether or not any hedging transactions are necessary to mitigate exposure to changes in interest rates. We may in the future hedge against interest rate fluctuations by using hedging instruments such as additional interest rate swaps, futures, options and forward contracts. While hedging activities may mitigate our exposure to adverse fluctuations in interest rates, certain hedging transactions that we may enter into in the future, such as interest rate swap agreements, may also limit our ability to participate in the benefits of changes in interest rates with respect to our portfolio investments.
Force Majeure Risk.
The Fund may be affected by force majeure events (
e.g.
, acts of God, fire, flood, earthquakes, outbreaks of an infectious disease, pandemic or any other serious public health concern, war, terrorism, nationalization of industry and labor strikes). Force majeure events could adversely affect the ability of the Fund or a counterparty to perform its obligations. The liability and cost arising out of a failure to perform obligations as a result of a force majeure event could be considerable and could be borne by the Fund. Certain force majeure events, such as war or an outbreak of an infectious disease, could have a broader negative impact on the global or local economy, thereby affecting the Fund. Additionally, a major governmental intervention into industry, including the nationalization of an industry or the assertion of control, could result in a loss to the Fund if an investment is affected, and any compensation provided by the relevant government may not be adequate.
Technological or Other Innovations and Industry Disruptions Risk.
Recent trends in the market generally, including technological developments in artificial intelligence, have disrupted the industry with technological or other innovations. In this period of rapid technological and commercial innovation, new businesses and approaches may be created that could affect the Fund and/or its portfolio companies or alter the market practices that help frame its strategy. Any of these new approaches could damage the Fund’s investments, significantly disrupt the market in which it operates and subject it to increased competition, which could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of investments. Moreover, given the pace of innovation in recent years, the impact on a particular investment may not have been foreseeable at the time the Fund made the investment. Furthermore, the Fund could base investment decisions on views about the direction or degree of innovation that prove inaccurate and lead to losses.
Changes in Laws or Regulations Risk.
The Fund, the portfolio companies, and other counterparties are subject to regulation at the local, state and federal levels. New legislation may be enacted, or new interpretations, rulings or regulations could be adopted, including those governing the types of investments the Fund is permitted to make, any of which could harm the Fund and its shareholders, potentially with retroactive effect.
 
Additionally, any changes to or repeal of the laws and regulations governing the Fund’s operations relating to permitted investments may cause the Fund to alter its investment strategy to avail the Fund of new or different opportunities. Such changes could result in material differences to the Fund’s strategies and plans as set forth in this prospectus and may result in the Fund’s investment focus shifting from the areas of expertise of the Adviser to other types of investments in which the Adviser may have less expertise or little or no experience. Thus, any such changes, if they occur, could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s financial condition and results of operations and the value of a shareholder’s investment.
Regulatory Oversight Risk
. The Fund’s business and the businesses of the Adviser, the Distributor and their respective affiliates are subject to extensive regulation, including periodic examinations, inquiries and investigations, which may result in enforcement and other proceedings, by governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations in the jurisdictions in which the Fund, the Adviser, the Distributor and their respective affiliates operate around the world, including by the SEC and various other U.S. federal, state and local agencies. These authorities have regulatory powers dealing with many aspects of financial services, including the authority to grant, and in specific circumstances to cancel, permissions to carry on particular activities.
In addition, if previously enacted laws are amended or if new legislative or regulatory reforms are adopted, this could have further impact on the Fund’s industry. Changes in administration have lead to, and may continue to lead to, leadership changes at a number of U.S. federal regulatory agencies with oversight over the U.S. financial services industry. Such changes would pose uncertainty with respect to such agencies’ ongoing policy priorities and could lead to increased regulatory enforcement activity in the financial services industry. Any changes or reforms may impose additional costs on the Fund’s current or future investments, require the attention of senior management or result in other limitations on the Fund’s business or investments. The Fund is unable to predict at this time the likelihood or effect of any such changes or reforms.
Risks Related to Restrictions on Entering into Transactions with Affiliates.
The Investment Company Act limits the Fund’s ability to enter into certain transactions with certain of the Fund’s affiliates. As a result of these restrictions, the Fund may be prohibited from buying or selling any security directly from or to any portfolio company of or fund managed by Diameter or any of its affiliates. However, the Fund may under certain circumstances purchase any such portfolio company’s loans or securities in the secondary market, which could create a conflict for the Adviser between the interests of the Fund and the portfolio company, in that the ability of the Adviser to recommend actions in the best interest of the Fund might be impaired. The Investment Company Act also prohibits certain “joint” transactions with certain of the Fund’s affiliates, which could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times). These limitations may limit the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to the Fund. Although certain affiliates of the Adviser have received an exemptive order from the SEC that permits the Fund, among other things,
to co-invest with
certain affiliates of the Adviser and certain funds managed and controlled by the Adviser and its affiliates, it may only do so in accordance with certain terms and conditions that limit the types of transactions the Fund may engage in. Moreover, while the Fund and certain of its affiliates have also applied for a revised exemptive order from the SEC, even if it is granted, the revised exemptive order would also contain terms and conditions that limit the types of transactions the Fund would be able to engage in.
The decision by Diameter, the Adviser or their respective affiliates to allocate an opportunity to another entity could cause us to forgo an investment opportunity that we otherwise would have made. We also generally will be unable to invest in any issuer in which Diameter Capital Partners and its affiliates (including the Adviser) or a fund managed by Diameter Capital Partners or its affiliates has previously invested or in which they are making an investment. Similar restrictions limit our ability to transact business with our officers or trustees or their affiliates. These restrictions may limit the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to us.
Although, as a general matter, Section 17 of the Investment Company Act restricts the ability of the Fund to engage (except in certain limited circumstances) in transactions with “affiliated persons” of investment
 
companies, certain of the Fund’s affiliates have obtained from the SEC a
co-investment
order that permits a broader range of affiliated transactions, subject to a variety of conditions and requirements, that would apply to the Fund. Thus, subject to the requirements of such
co-investment
order (or any future co-investment order applicable to the Fund), the Fund will be permitted to
co-invest
alongside affiliates in a broader range of affiliated transactions.
No Guarantee of Obtaining Licenses.
We are required to have and may be required in the future to obtain various state licenses to, among other things, originate commercial loans, and we may be required to obtain similar licenses from other authorities (including those outside of the United States) in the future, in connection with one or more investments. Applying for and obtaining required licenses can be costly and take several months. We cannot assure investors that we will maintain or obtain all of the licenses that we need on a timely basis. We also are and will be subject to various information and other requirements to maintain and obtain these licenses, and we cannot assure investors that we will satisfy those requirements. Our failure to maintain or obtain licenses that we require, now or in the future, might restrict investment options and have other adverse consequences.
Risks Related to the Fund's Investments [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Risks Related to the Fund’s
Investments
Debt Instruments
. The debt instruments
in which the Fund will invest may be subject to price volatility due to various factors including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity. The Fund will invest in
non-investment
grade debt securities, which are typically subject to greater market fluctuations and risks of loss of income and principal than lower yielding, investment grade securities and are often influenced by many of the same unpredictable factors which affect equity prices. In addition to the sensitivity of debt securities to overall interest-rate movements, debt securities involve a fundamental credit risk based on the issuer’s ability to make principal and interest payments on the debt it issues. The Fund’s investments in debt instruments may experience substantial losses due to adverse changes in interest rates and the market’s perception of any particular issuer’s creditworthiness, which may inhibit such issuer’s ability to refinance, restructure or otherwise experience recovery. The Fund also will invest in certain hybrid debt arrangements, which are subject to risks in addition to the conventional risks of general interest-rate movements and the issuer’s ability to pay the debt in accordance with its terms.
Corporate Bonds Risk.
The market value of a corporate bond generally may be expected to rise and fall inversely with interest rates. The market value of intermediate and longer term corporate bonds is generally more sensitive to changes in interest rates than is the market value of shorter term corporate bonds. The market value of a corporate bond also may be affected by factors directly related to the issuer, such as investors’ perceptions of the creditworthiness of the issuer, the issuer’s financial performance, perceptions of the issuer in the market place, performance of management of the issuer, the issuer’s capital structure and use of financial leverage and demand for the issuer’s goods and services. There is a risk that the issuers of corporate bonds may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by an instrument. Corporate bonds of below investment grade quality are often high risk and have speculative characteristics and may be particularly susceptible to adverse issuer-specific developments.
Distressed and Defaulted Credits
. The Fund will invest in securities of issuers in weak financial condition or default, experiencing poor operating results, having substantial capital needs or negative net worth, facing special competitive or product obsolescence problems, or involved in bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings. Investments of this type may involve substantial financial and business risks that can result in substantial or at times even total losses. Among the risks inherent in investments in troubled entities is the fact that it frequently may be difficult to obtain information as to the true condition of such issuers. Such investments also may be adversely affected by laws relating to, among other things, fraudulent transfers and other voidable transfers or payments, lender liability, and a tribunal’s power to disallow, reduce, subordinate, or disenfranchise particular claims. The market prices of such securities are also subject to abrupt and erratic market movements and above-average price volatility, and the spread between the bid and asked prices of such securities may be greater than those prevailing in other securities markets. It may take a number of years for the market price of such securities to reflect their intrinsic value. In liquidation (both in and out of bankruptcy) and other forms of corporate reorganization, there exists the risk that the reorganization either will be unsuccessful (due to, for example, failure to obtain requisite approvals), will be delayed (e.g., until various liabilities, actual or contingent, have been satisfied) or will result in a distribution of cash or a new security the value of which will be less than the purchase price to the Fund of the security in respect to which such distribution was made.
Bank Loans
. The Fund will invest in loans and participations therein originated by banks and other financial institutions. These investments may include highly leveraged loans to borrowers whose credit is rated below investment grade. Such loans are typically private corporate loans that are negotiated by one or more commercial
 
banks or financial institutions and syndicated among a group of commercial banks and financial institutions. In order to induce the lenders to extend credit and to offer a favorable interest rate, the borrower often provides the lenders with extensive information about its business that is not generally available to the public. To the extent that the Fund obtains such information and it is material and nonpublic, the Fund will be unable to trade in the securities of the borrower until the information is disclosed to the public or otherwise ceases to be material, nonpublic information.
The Fund may invest directly or through participations in loans with revolving credit features or other commitments or guarantees to lend funds in the future. A failure by the Fund to advance requested funds to a borrower could result in claims against the Fund and in possible assertions of offsets against amounts previously lent.
The Fund may acquire interests in bank loans and other debt obligations either directly (by way of sale or assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation). The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a lender under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, its rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution. A participation interest in a portion of a debt obligation typically results in a contractual relationship with only the institution acting as a lender under the credit agreement, not with the borrower. As a holder of a participation interest, the Fund generally will have no right to exercise the rights of the lender under the credit agreement, including the right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement, approve amendments or waivers of terms, nor will the Fund have any rights of
set-off
against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, the Fund will be exposed to the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution selling the participation.
Risks Associated with Issuers in Bankruptcy and/or Liquidation
. Investments made by the Fund may become
non-performing
or enter into default, and the issuer or obligor may be forced to enter into bankruptcy or liquidation proceedings. Events within a bankruptcy case are frequently adversarial and beyond the control of creditors. While creditors generally are afforded an opportunity to object to significant actions, a bankruptcy court may approve actions that may be contrary to the interests of the Fund. Furthermore, creditors and equity holders may lose their ranking and priority when they take over management and functional operating control of a debtor.
The duration of a bankruptcy cannot be estimated with any degree of certainty. Generally, no interest will be permitted to accrue during, and, therefore, return on investment may be adversely affected by, the passage of time during which a plan of reorganization of a debtor is being negotiated, approved by the creditors and confirmed by a bankruptcy court.
The Adviser, on behalf of the Fund, may seek representation on creditors’ committees, equity holders’ committees or other groups to ensure preservation or enhancement of the Fund’s position as a creditor or equity holder. A member of any such committee or group may owe certain obligations generally to all parties similarly situated that the committee represents. If the Adviser concludes that its obligations owed to the other parties as a committee or group member conflict with its duties owed to the Fund, it may decide to resign from that committee or group, and the Fund may not realize the benefits, if any, of the Adviser’s participation on the committee or group. In addition, if the Fund is represented on a committee or group, it may be restricted or prohibited under applicable law from disposing of its investments in that debtor while it continues to be represented on such committee or group.
Equities
. The Fund may invest in equities (particularly in connection with its private credit strategy), deferred interest obligations and other investments which do not produce current income for the Fund. Equity prices are directly affected by issuer-specific events, as well as general market conditions. In addition, in many countries investing in equity is subject to heightened regulatory and self-regulatory scrutiny as compared to investing in debt or other financial instruments.
 
Derivative Instruments Generally
. Certain swaps, options and other derivative instruments may be subject to various types of risks, including market risk, liquidity risk, the risk of
non-performance
by the counterparty, including risks relating to the financial soundness and creditworthiness of the counterparty, legal risk and operations risk. Derivatives traded
over-the-counter
may not have an authoritative source of valuation and the models used to value such derivatives is subject to change. In addition, the Fund may, in the future, take advantage of opportunities. Special risks may apply in the future that cannot be determined at this time with respect to certain other derivative instruments that are not presently contemplated for use or that are currently not available. The regulatory and tax environment for derivative instruments in which the Fund may participate is evolving, and changes in the regulation or taxation of such securities may have a material adverse effect on the Fund.
 
   
Call Options
. The seller (writer) of a call option which is covered (i.e., the writer holds the underlying security) assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the purchase price of the underlying security less the premium received, and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered call option assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The securities necessary to satisfy the exercise of an uncovered call option may be unavailable for purchase, except at much higher prices, thereby reducing or eliminating the value of the premium. Purchasing securities to cover the exercise of an uncovered call option can cause the price of the securities to increase, thereby exacerbating the loss. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its entire premium investment in the call option.
 
   
Put Options
. The seller (writer) of a put option which is covered (i.e., the writer has a short position in the underlying security) assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of the underlying security plus the premium received, and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security if the market price falls below the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option assumes the risk of losing its entire investment in the put option.
 
   
Index or Index Options
. The value of an index or index option fluctuates with changes in the market values of the securities included in the index. Because the value of an index or index option depends upon movements in the level of the index rather than the price of a particular security, whether the Fund will realize appreciation or depreciation from the purchase or writing of options on indices depends upon movements in the level of instrument prices in the security market generally or, in the case of certain indices, in an industry or market segment, rather than movements in the price of particular securities.
 
   
Index Futures
. The price of index futures contracts may not correlate perfectly with the movement in the underlying index because of certain market distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, shareholders may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions that would distort the normal relationship between the index and futures markets. Second, from the point of view of speculators, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market also may cause price distortions. Successful use of index futures contracts by the Fund also is subject to the Adviser’s ability to correctly predict movements in the direction of the market.
 
   
Swaps
. Whether the Fund’s use of swap agreements or swaptions will be successful will depend on the Adviser’s ability to select appropriate transactions for the Fund. Swap agreements and options on swap agreements (“swaptions”) can be individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments, asset classes or market factors. Depending on their structure, swap agreements may increase or decrease the holder’s exposure to, for example, equity securities, long-term or short-term interest rates, foreign currency values, credit spreads or other factors. Swap agreements
 
 
can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. Swap transactions may be highly illiquid and may increase or decrease the volatility of the Fund’s portfolio. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or insolvency of its counterparty. The Fund will also bear the risk of loss related to swap agreements, for example, for breaches of such agreements or the failure of the Fund to post or maintain required collateral. It is possible that developments in the swap markets, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to terminate swap transactions or to realize amounts to be received under such transactions.
 
   
Futures Contracts
. The value of futures contracts depends upon the price of the securities, such as commodities, underlying them. The prices of futures contracts are highly volatile, and price movements of futures contracts can be influenced by, among other things, interest rates, changing supply and demand relationships, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies of governments, as well as national and international political and economic events and policies. In addition, investments in futures contracts are also subject to the risk of the failure of any of the exchanges on which the Fund’s positions trade or of its clearing houses or counterparties. Futures positions may be illiquid because certain commodity exchanges limit fluctuations in certain futures contract prices during a single day by regulations referred to as “daily price fluctuation limits” or “daily limits.” Under such daily limits, during a single trading day no trades may be executed at prices beyond the daily limits. Once the price of a particular futures contract has increased or decreased by an amount equal to the daily limit, positions in that contract can neither be taken nor liquidated unless traders are willing to effect trades at or within the limit. This could prevent the Fund from promptly liquidating unfavorable positions and subject the Fund to substantial losses or prevent it from entering into desired trades. Also, low margin or premiums normally required in such trading may provide a large amount of leverage, and a relatively small change in the price of a security or contract can produce a disproportionately larger profit or loss. In extraordinary circumstances, a futures exchange or the CFTC could suspend trading in a particular futures contract, or order liquidation or settlement of all open positions in such contract.
 
   
Forward Contracts
. Banking authorities generally do not regulate trading in forward contracts. The principals who deal in the forward contract market are not required to continue to make markets in such contracts. There have been periods during which certain participants in forward markets have refused to quote prices for forward contracts or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they were prepared to buy and that at which they were prepared to sell. The imposition of credit controls or price risk limitations by governmental authorities may limit such forward trading to less than that which the Adviser would otherwise recommend, to the possible detriment of the Fund. In its forward trading, the Fund will be subject to the risk of the failure of, or the inability or refusal to perform with respect to its forward contracts by, the principals with which the Fund trades. Fund assets on deposit with such principals will also generally not be protected by the same segregation requirements imposed on certain regulated brokers in respect of customer funds on deposit with them. The Adviser may order trades for the Fund in such markets through agents. Accordingly, the insolvency or bankruptcy of such parties could also subject the Fund to the risk of loss.
 
   
Contracts for Differences
. Contracts for differences (“CFDs”) are privately negotiated contracts between two parties, buyer and seller, stipulating that the seller will pay to or receive from the buyer the difference between the nominal value of the underlying instrument at the opening of the contract and that instrument’s value at the end of the contract. The underlying instrument may be a single security, stock basket or index. A CFD can be set up to take either a short or long position on the underlying instrument. The buyer and seller are both required to post margin, which is adjusted daily. The buyer will also pay to the seller a financing rate on the notional amount of the capital employed by the seller less the margin deposit. A CFD is usually terminated at the buyer’s initiative. As is the case with owning any financial instrument, there is the risk of loss associated with buying a CFD. There may be liquidity risk if the underlying instrument is illiquid because the liquidity of a CFD is based on the liquidity of the underlying
 
 
instrument. A further risk is that adverse movements in the underlying security will require the buyer to post additional margin. CFDs also carry counterparty risk, i.e., the risk that the counterparty to the CFD transaction may be unable or unwilling to make payments or to otherwise honor its financial obligations under the terms of the contract. If the counterparty were to do so, the value of the contract may be reduced. Entry into a CFD transaction may, in certain circumstances, require the payment of an initial margin and adverse market movements against the underlying stock may require the buyer to make additional margin payments. CFDs may be considered illiquid. To the extent that there is an imperfect correlation between the return on the Fund’s obligation to its counterparty under the CFDs and the return on related assets in its portfolio, the CFD transaction may increase the Fund’s financial risk.
 
   
Credit Default Swaps
. The Fund may purchase and sell credit derivative contracts – primarily credit default swaps – both for hedging and other purposes. The typical credit default swap contract requires the seller to pay to the buyer, in the event that a particular reference entity experiences specified credit events, the difference between the notional amount of the contract and the value of a portfolio of securities issued by the reference entity that they buyer delivers to the seller. In return, the buyer agrees to make periodic payments equal to a fixed percentage of the notional amount of the contract. The Fund may also sell credit default swaps on a basket of reference entities as part of a synthetic collateralized debt obligation transaction.
As a buyer of credit default swaps, the Fund will be exposed to the risk that deliverable securities will not be available in the market, or will be available only at unfavorable prices, as would be the case in a
so-called
“short squeeze.” While the credit default swap market auction protocols reduce this risk, it is still possible that an auction will not be organized or will be unsuccessful. In certain instances of issuer defaults or restructurings (for those credit default swaps for which restructuring is specified as a credit event), it has been unclear under the standard industry documentation for credit default swaps whether or not a “credit event” triggering the seller’s payment obligation has occurred. The creation of the new ISDA Credit Derivative Determination Committee (the “Determination Committee”) is intended to reduce this uncertainty and create uniformity across the market, although it is possible that the Determinations Committee will not be able to reach a resolution or do so on a timely basis. In either of these cases, the Fund would not be able to realize the full value of the credit default swap upon a default by the reference entity.
As a seller of credit default swaps, the Fund will incur leveraged exposure to the credit of the reference entity and is subject to many of the same risks it would incur if it were holding debt securities issued by the reference entity. However, the Fund will not have any legal recourse against the reference entity and will not benefit from any collateral securing the reference entity’s debt obligations. In addition, the credit default swap buyer will have broad discretion to select which of the reference entity’s debt obligations to deliver to the Fund following a credit event and will likely choose the obligations with the lowest market value in order to maximize the payment obligations of the Fund.
Credit default swaps generally trade on the basis of theoretical pricing and valuation models, which may not accurately value such swap positions when established or when subsequently traded or unwound under actual market conditions.
It appears that there are likely to be widespread defaults under certain credit default swaps as a result of the current credit market disruptions. The credit derivative market may become subject to increased regulation, which could increase costs or even prevent participation by the Fund.
Failure to Enter into Offsetting Trade
. To the extent the Fund invests in a futures contract or option long, unless an offsetting trade is made, the Fund would be required to take physical delivery of the commodity underlying the future or option. To the extent the Adviser fails to enter into such offsetting trade prior to the expiration of the contract, the Fund may suffer a loss since neither the Fund nor the Adviser has the operational capacity to accept physical delivery of commodities.
 
Illiquid Investments
. The Fund may invest in restricted, as well as thinly-traded, instruments and securities (including privately placed securities and instruments). The Fund may also make investments in privately held companies or special purpose entities, provided that it is allowed under the applicable regulation. There may be no trading market for these securities and instruments, and the Fund might only be able to liquidate these positions, if at all, at disadvantageous prices. As a result, the Fund may be required to hold such securities despite adverse price movements. In addition, if the Fund makes a short sale of an illiquid security or instrument, it may have difficulty in covering the short sale, resulting in a potentially unlimited loss on that position.
Convertible Securities Risk
.
Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a specified amount of common stock or other equity security of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles its holder to receive interest that is generally paid or accrued on debt or a dividend that is paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to nonconvertible income securities in that they ordinarily provide a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than those of common stocks of the same or similar issuers, but lower yields than comparable nonconvertible securities. The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also may have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure but are usually subordinated to comparable nonconvertible securities. Convertible securities may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument.
Many convertible securities have credit ratings that are below investment grade and are subject to the same risks as an investment in lower-rated debt securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”). Lower-rated debt securities involve greater risks than investment grade debt securities. Lower-rated debt securities may fluctuate more widely in price and yield and may fall in price during times when the economy is weak or is expected to become weak. The credit rating of a company’s convertible securities is generally lower than that of its
non-convertible
debt securities. Convertible securities are normally considered “junior” securities—that is, the company usually must pay interest on its
non-convertible
debt securities before it can make payments on its convertible securities. If the issuer stops paying interest or principal, convertible securities may become worthless and the Fund could lose its entire investment.
Additionally, a convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock or sell it to a third party. Any of these actions could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.
Warrants
. The Fund expects to invest, or receive as additional consideration for its credit investments, warrants from time to time. Warrants are generally exercisable for a set period of time at a purchase price is based on the valuation of the underlying security as of a certain date. If the price of the underlying security does not exceed the exercise price of a warrant when it is exercisable, the warrant may not have any value. Additionally, until the Fund exercises the warrant, it generally will not provide the Fund with any rights of a holder of such security.
Purchasing Securities in Initial Public Offerings
. The Fund purchases securities of companies in initial public offerings or shortly thereafter. Special risks associated with these securities may include a limited number of shares available for trading, unseasoned trading, lack of investor knowledge of the company, lack of revenues and limited operating history. These factors may contribute to substantial price volatility for the shares of these companies. The limited number of shares available for trading in some initial public offerings may make it more difficult for the Fund to buy or sell significant amounts of shares without an unfavorable impact on prevailing
market prices. Such risks may be exacerbated if one or more Other Accounts (defined below) attempt to buy or sell the same securities as the Fund in any public offering. In addition, some companies in initial public offerings are involved in relatively new industries or lines of business, which may not be widely understood by investors. Some of these companies may be undercapitalized or regarded as developmental stage companies, without revenues or operating income, or the near-term prospects of achieving them.
Lender Liability Considerations and Equitable Subordination
. In recent years, a number of judicial decisions in the United States have upheld the right of borrowers to sue lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories (collectively termed “lender liability”). Generally, lender liability is founded upon the premise that an institutional lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith and fair dealing owed to the obligor or has assumed a degree of control over the obligor that creates a fiduciary duty owed to the obligor or its other creditors or shareholders. Because of the nature of the loans, the Fund could be subject to allegations of lender liability made against it with respect to U.S. investments, if any, as part of a group of lenders and may be liable for pro rata liabilities of the agent or lead lender. In addition, under common law principles that in some cases form the basis for lender liability claims, if a lending institution (i) intentionally takes an action that results in the undercapitalization of an obligor to the detriment of other creditors of such obligor, (ii) engages in other inequitable conduct to the detriment of such other creditors, (iii) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to, such other creditors or (iv) uses its influence as a stockholder to dominate or control an obligor to the detriment of other creditors of such obligor, a court may elect to subordinate the claim of the offending lending institution to the claims of the disadvantaged creditor or creditors, a remedy called “equitable subordination”. Because of the nature of certain of the loans, the Fund could be subject to claims from creditors of an obligor that loans issued by such obligor should be equitably subordinated.
Market and Credit Risks of Debt Securities.
Debt securities are subject to credit and interest rate risks. “Credit risk” refers to the likelihood that an issuer will default in the payment of principal and/or interest on an instrument and how this risk changes over time. Financial strength and solvency of an issuer and the priority of the lien are the primary factors influencing credit risk. In addition, lack or inadequacy of collateral or credit enhancement for a debt instrument may affect its credit risk. Certain of the Fund’s investments may provide for
payment-in-kind
interest, which has a similar effect of deferring current cash payments. In addition, certain of the Fund’s investments may have an interest-only payment schedule, with the principal amount remaining outstanding and at risk until the maturity of the investment. Further, credit risk may change over the life of an instrument and debt instruments that are rated by rating agencies are subject to downgrade at a later date. The Fund will be dependent upon the judgment of the Adviser as to the credit quality of the investments. There can be no assurance that the Adviser will be successful in assessing the credit risk of the different investments or mitigating the impact of credit risk changes.
Real Estate Investment Trust Risk
. The Fund may invest in Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”). REITs are companies that invest primarily in income-producing real estate or real estate-related loans or interests. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders, provided they comply with the applicable requirements of the Code. Debt securities issued by REITs are, for the most part, general and unsecured obligations and are subject to risks associated with REITs. Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. An equity REIT may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying properties owned by the REIT. A mortgage REIT may be affected by changes in interest rates and the ability of the issuers of its portfolio mortgages to repay their obligations. REITs are dependent upon the skills of their managers and are not diversified. REITs are generally dependent upon maintaining cash flows to repay borrowings and to make distributions to shareholders and are subject to the risk of default by lessees or borrowers. REITs whose underlying assets are concentrated in properties used by a particular industry, such as health care or geographic
 
area, are also subject to risks associated with such industry or geographic area. REITs are also subject to interest rate risk. When interest rates decline, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to decline. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a limited volume, and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities.
Commercial Mortgage Loans
. The Fund or a REIT may invest in commercial mortgage loans. Mortgage loans on commercial properties often are structured so that a substantial portion of the loan principal is not amortized over the loan term but is payable at maturity, and thus the repayment of the loan principal often depends upon the future availability of real estate financing from the existing or an alternative lender and/or upon the current value and salability of the real estate. Therefore, the unavailability of real estate financing may lead to default. Many commercial mortgage loans are effectively nonrecourse obligations of the borrower, meaning that there is no recourse against the borrower’s assets other than the collateral. If borrowers are not able or willing to refinance or dispose of encumbered property to pay the principal and interest owed on such mortgage loans, payments on such loans are likely to be adversely affected. The ultimate extent of the loss, if any, may only be determined after a negotiated discounted settlement, restructuring or sale of the mortgage note, or the foreclosure (or deed in lieu of foreclosure) of the mortgage encumbering the property and subsequent liquidation of the property. Foreclosure can be costly and delayed by litigation and/or bankruptcy. Factors such as the property’s location, the legal status of title to the property, its physical condition and financial performance, environmental risks and governmental disclosure requirements with respect to the condition of the property may make a third party unwilling to purchase the property at a foreclosure sale or to pay a price sufficient to satisfy the obligations with respect to the related loans. Revenues from the assets underlying such loans may be retained by the borrower and the return on investment may be used to make payments to others, maintain insurance coverage, pay taxes or pay maintenance costs. Such diverted revenue is generally not recoverable without a court-appointed receiver to control collateral cash flow.
Risk Transfer Transactions
. The Fund may make investments in synthetic securitizations, including investments in instruments issued directly or indirectly by banks and/or other financial institutions that are intended to reduce such entities’ regulatory capital obligations (“Risk Transfer Transactions”). Such synthetic securitizations are expected to expose clients to risks related to both (a) the instruments in which such clients are expected to invest directly (i.e., the credit-linked notes, financial guarantees, financial guarantee-linked notes, credit protection agreements, other credit risk transfer instruments, and other instruments related to synthetic securitizations (or combination thereof) that are issued, directly or indirectly, by such banks and/or other financial institutions), and (b) the “underlying exposures” referenced by or related to such instruments (i.e., the securities, instruments, interests, and/or property underlying any such synthetic securitization). Risk Transfer Transactions are extremely complex and subject to various material risks, including risks related to the relevant underlying exposures. Such risks include counterparty
non-performance,
credit, illiquidity, lack of transparency, adverse selection, market, geographical concentration, legal, basis, operational, and regulatory risks. Synthetic securitizations typically are divided into tranches representing different degrees of credit quality, with mezzanine and other junior tranches being subordinate to senior tranches. The Fund is expected to invest in such subordinated junior tranches, including “first-loss” positions (which could represent all or substantially all of investments). It is expected that the returns on the junior tranches of a synthetic securitization would be particularly sensitive to the rate of defaults in such synthetic securitization’s underlying exposures, and junior tranches would be expected to be subject to a risk of loss that is (possibly materially) higher than the risk of loss applicable to more senior tranches. However, there are no restrictions on the tranches in which the Fund may directly or indirectly invest. In addition, synthetic securitizations typically will be highly illiquid. There is expected to be no (or only a limited) secondary market for certain such assets and, to the extent a market exists, no assurance can be given that such market will continue to exist in the future. Further, banks and other financial institutions are heavily regulated, and the regulatory capital requirements applicable to such institutions are often complex and may be open to interpretation. Accordingly, the Fund would be subject to significant regulatory risk in connection with synthetic securitizations, including with respect to Risk Transfer Transactions in particular. Such risks include the risk of regulatory sanction, reputational harm, regulatory decisions or actions that result in
 
the premature unwinding of the applicable transaction, and changes in applicable regulatory capital and/or other similar laws or regulations and/or their interpretation. Similarly, certain synthetic securitizations may be deemed by relevant authorities to constitute insurance products. Because the Fund is not expected to obtain a license to provide insurance, any such synthetic securitization could expose the Fund to liability for unlicensed insurance activity. In addition, any such synthetic securitization could expose clients to negative tax consequences. The Fund is expected to pursue synthetic securitizations with various types of underlying exposures. Such underlying exposures are expected to include corporate loans, small and medium enterprise loans, revolving credit facilities, project finance loans, fund finance loans, leases, shipping and airline loans, commercial loans (including commercial real estate), mortgage loans, consumer loans, and/or derivatives (i.e., in “credit valuation adjustment” transactions). Further, such underlying exposures might be secured and/or unsecured and might be investment grade and/or
sub-investment
grade. There is no limitation on the types of synthetic securitizations and underlying exposures that the Fund can pursue and/or on the geographic location of any such synthetic securitization or underlying exposure. In particular, such underlying exposures may be located in any region, including in one or more emerging markets, and therefore may be subject to various political, social, economic, market, and/or other risks related to investing and trading in, or otherwise related to, international markets and/or with international counterparties, any of which could increase the likelihood of a default or other credit event. Further, the underlying exposures associated with a particular synthetic securitization might be uniform or varied in nature, and in certain cases the Adviser is expected not to have significant (or any) information about such underlying exposures. In addition, the performance of certain underlying exposures is expected to be correlated (e.g., if the underlying exposures are uniform and/or otherwise subject to the same types of market and/or other risks), and the risks associated with any such correlated underlying exposures are expected to be particularly acute.
Private Credit Risk.
Typically, private credit investments are in restricted securities that are not traded in public markets and subject to substantial holding periods, so that the Fund may not be able to resell some of its holdings for extended periods, which may be several years. Investments in private securities are illiquid, can be subject to various restrictions on resale, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to realize the value of such investments in a timely manner. See “
Closed-End
Interval Fund Structure
.” Additionally, private credit investments can range in credit quality depending on security-specific factors, including total leverage, amount of leverage senior to the security in question, variability in the issuer’s cash flows, the size of the issuer, the quality of assets securing debt and the degree to which such assets cover the subject company’s debt obligations.
Price Declines in the U.S. Corporate Debt Market Risk.
Conditions in the U.S. corporate debt market may deteriorate, which may cause pricing levels to similarly decline or be volatile. During the 2008-2009 financial crisis, many institutions were forced to raise cash by selling their interests in performing assets in order to satisfy margin requirements or the equivalent of margin requirements imposed by their lenders and/or, in the case of hedge funds and other investment vehicles, to satisfy widespread redemption requests. This resulted in a forced deleveraging cycle of price declines, compulsory sales, and further price declines, with falling underlying credit values, and other constraints resulting from the credit crisis generating further selling pressure. If similar events occurred in the corporate debt market, the Fund’s NAV could decline through an increase in unrealized depreciation and incurrence of realized losses in connection with the sale of the Fund’s investments, which could have a material adverse impact on the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Yield and Ratings Risk.
The yields on debt obligations are dependent on a variety of factors, including general market conditions, conditions in the particular market for the obligation, the financial condition of the issuer, the size of the offering, the maturity of the obligation and the ratings of the issue. The ratings of Moody’s, S&P and Fitch, represent their respective opinions as to the quality of the obligations they undertake to rate. Ratings, however, are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, obligations with the same rating, maturity and interest rate may have different market prices. Subsequent to its purchase by the Fund, a rated security may cease to be rated. The Adviser will consider such an event in determining whether the Fund should continue to hold the security.
 
Structured Products Risk.
The Fund may invest its assets in structured products, including the rated debt tranches of CLOs, floating rate mortgage-backed securities and credit linked notes. Holders of structured products bear risks of the underlying investments, index or reference obligation and are subject to counterparty risk.
The Fund may have the right to receive payments only from the structured product, and generally will not have direct rights against the issuer or the entity that sold the assets to be securitized. While certain structured products enable the investor to acquire interests in a pool of securities without the brokerage and other expenses associated with directly holding the same securities, investors in structured products generally pay their share of the structured product’s administrative and other expenses. Although it is difficult to predict whether the prices of indices and securities underlying structured products will rise or fall, these prices (and, therefore, the prices of structured products) will be influenced by the same types of political and economic events that affect issuers of securities and capital markets generally. If the issuer of a structured product uses shorter term financing to purchase longer term securities, the issuer may be forced to sell its securities at below market prices if it experiences difficulty in obtaining short-term financing, which may adversely affect the value of the structured products owned by the Fund.
Investments in structured notes involve risks, including credit risk and market risk. Where the Fund’s investments in structured notes will be based upon the movement of one or more factors, including currency exchange rates, interest rates, referenced bonds and stock indices, depending on the factor used and the use of multipliers or deflators, changes in interest rates and movement of the factor may cause significant price fluctuations. Additionally, changes in the reference instrument or security may cause the interest rate on the structured note to be reduced to zero, and any further changes in the reference instrument may then reduce the principal amount payable on maturity. Structured notes may be less liquid than other types of securities and more volatile than the reference instrument or security underlying the note.
CLO Risk.
In addition to the general risks associated with debt securities and structured products discussed herein, CLOs carry additional risks, including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the possibility that the investments in CLOs are subordinate to other classes or tranches thereof; (iv) the potential of spread compression in the underlying loans of the CLOs, which could reduce credit enhancement in the CLOs; and (v) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.
CLO junior debt securities that the Fund may acquire are subordinated to more senior tranches of CLO debt. CLO junior debt securities are subject to increased risks of default relative to the holders of superior priority interests in the same securities. In addition, at the time of issuance, CLO equity securities are under-collateralized in that the liabilities of a CLO at inception exceed its total assets. Though not exclusively, the Fund will typically be in a first loss or subordinated position with respect to realized losses on the assets of the CLOs in which it is invested. The Fund may recognize phantom taxable income from its investments in the subordinated tranches of CLOs.
Between the closing date and the effective date of a CLO, the CLO collateral manager will generally expect to purchase additional collateral obligations for the CLO. During this period, the price and availability of these collateral obligations may be adversely affected by a number of market factors, including price volatility and availability of investments suitable for the CLO, which could hamper the ability of the collateral manager to acquire a portfolio of collateral obligations that will satisfy specified concentration limitations and allow the CLO to reach the initial par amount of collateral prior to the effective date. An inability or delay in reaching the target initial par amount of collateral may adversely affect the timing and amount of interest or principal payments received by the holders of the CLO debt securities and distributions of the CLO on equity securities and could result in early redemptions which may cause CLO debt and equity investors to receive less than the face value of their investment.
 
The failure by a CLO in which the Fund invests to satisfy financial covenants, including with respect to adequate collateralization and/or interest coverage tests, could lead to a reduction in the CLO’s payments to the Fund. In the event that a CLO fails certain tests, holders of CLO senior debt may be entitled to additional payments that would, in turn, reduce the payments the Fund would otherwise be entitled to receive. Separately, the Fund may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants, with a defaulting CLO or any other investment the Fund may make. If any of these occur, it could adversely affect the Fund’s operating results and cash flows.
The Fund’s CLO investments are exposed to leveraged credit risk. If certain minimum collateral value ratios and/or interest coverage ratios are not met by a CLO, primarily due to senior secured loan defaults, then cash flow that otherwise would have been available to pay distributions to the Fund on its CLO investments may instead be used to redeem any senior notes or to purchase additional senior secured loans, until the ratios again exceed the minimum required levels or any senior notes are repaid in full.
When investing in CLOs, the Fund may invest in any level of a CLO’s subordination chain, including subordinated (lower-rated) tranches and residual interests (the lowest tranche). CLOs are typically highly levered and therefore, the junior debt and equity tranches that the Fund may invest in are subject to a higher risk of total loss and deferral or nonpayment of interest than the more senior tranches to which they are subordinated. In addition, the Fund will generally have the right to receive payments only from the CLOs, and will generally not have direct rights against the underlying borrowers or entities that sponsored the CLOs. Furthermore, the investments the Fund makes in CLOs are at times thinly traded or have only a limited trading market. As a result, investments in such CLOs may be characterized as illiquid securities.
Asset Backed Securities Risk.
Asset backed securities (“ABS”) and other securitizations, are generally limited recourse obligations of a special purpose vehicle issuer of such instruments (“Securitization Vehicles”) payable solely from the underlying assets (“Securitization Assets”) of the issuer or proceeds thereof. Consequently, holders of equity or other securities issued by Securitization Vehicles must rely solely on distributions on the Securitization Assets or proceeds thereof for payment in respect thereof. The Securitization Assets may include, without limitation, broadly-syndicated leveraged loans, middle-market bank loans, collateralized debt obligation debt tranches, trust preferred securities, insurance surplus notes, asset-backed securities, consumer loans, other receivables, mortgages, REITs, high-yield bonds, mezzanine debt, second-lien leverage loans, credit default swaps and emerging market debt and corporate bonds, which are subject to liquidity, market value, credit, interest rate, reinvestment and certain other risks.
The investment characteristics of ABS differ from traditional debt securities. Among the major differences are that interest and principal payments are made more frequently, usually monthly, and that the principal can generally be prepaid at any time because the underlying loans or other assets generally can be prepaid at any time.
The collateral supporting ABS is generally of shorter maturity than certain other types of loans and is less likely to experience substantial prepayments. ABS are often backed by pools of any variety of assets, including, for example, leases, mobile home loans and aircraft leases, which represent the obligations of a number of different parties and use credit enhancement techniques such as letters of credit, guarantees or preference rights. The market value of an ABS is affected by changes in the market’s perception of the asset backing the ABS and the creditworthiness of the servicer for the loan pool, the originator of the loans or the financial institution providing any credit enhancement, as well as by the expiration or removal of any credit enhancement.
The value of ABS, like that of traditional fixed income securities, typically increases when interest rates fall and decreases when interest rates rise. The price paid by the Fund for such securities, the yield the Fund expects to receive from such securities and the average life of such securities are based on a number of unpredictable factors, including the anticipated rate of prepayment of the underlying assets, and are therefore subject to the risk that the asset-backed security will lose value. ABS are also subject to the general risks associated with investing in physical assets such as real estate; that is, they could lose value if the value of the underlying asset declines.
 
Holders of ABS bear various other risks, including credit risks, liquidity risks, interest rate risks, market risks, operations risks, structural risks and legal risks.
Credit risk arises from (i) losses due to defaults by obligors under the underlying collateral and (ii) the issuing vehicle’s or servicer’s failure to perform their respective obligations under the transaction documents governing the ABS. These two risks can be related, as, for example, in the case of a servicer that does not provide adequate credit-review scrutiny to the underlying collateral, leading to a higher incidence of defaults.
Market risk arises from the cash flow characteristics of the ABS, which for most ABS tend to be predictable. The greatest variability in cash flows comes from credit performance, including the presence of wind-down or acceleration features designed to protect the investor in the event that credit losses in the portfolio rise well above expected levels.
Interest rate risk arises for the issuer from (x) the pricing terms on the underlying collateral, (y) the terms of the interest rate paid to holders of the ABS and (z) the need to mark to market the excess servicing or spread account proceeds carried on the issuing vehicle’s balance sheet. For the holder of the security, interest rate risk depends on the expected life of the ABS, which can depend on prepayments on the underlying assets or the occurrence of wind-down or termination events. If the servicer becomes subject to financial difficulty or otherwise ceases to be able to carry out its functions, it could be difficult to find other acceptable substitute servicers and cash flow disruptions or losses can occur, particularly with underlying collateral comprised of
non-standard
receivables or receivables originated by private retailers who collect many of the payments at their stores.
Structural and legal risks include the possibility that, in a bankruptcy or similar proceeding involving the originator or the servicer (often the same entity or affiliates), a court having jurisdiction over the proceeding could determine that, because of the degree to which cash flows on the assets of the issuing vehicle potentially have been commingled with cash flows on the originator’s other assets (or similar reasons), (a) the assets of the issuing vehicle could be treated as never having been truly sold by the originator to the issuing vehicle and could be substantively consolidated with those of the originator, or (b) the transfer of such assets to the issuer could be voided as a fraudulent transfer. The time and expense related to a challenge of such a determination also could result in losses and/or delayed cash flows.
In addition, investments in subordinated ABS involve greater credit risk of default than the senior classes of the issue or series. Default risks can be further pronounced in the case of ABS secured by, or evidencing an interest in, a relatively small or less diverse pool of underlying loans. Certain subordinated securities in an ABS issue generally absorb all losses from default before any other class of securities in such issue is at risk, particularly if such securities have been issued with little or no credit enhancement equity. Such securities, therefore, possess some of the attributes typically associated with equity investments.
Another risk associated with ABS is that the collateral that secures an ABS, such as credit card receivables, could be unsecured. In the case of credit card receivables, debtors are additionally entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer loan laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. For ABS that are backed by automobile receivables, such ABS pose a risk because most issuers of such ABS permit the servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. Because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issuance and technical requirements under state laws, the trustee for the holders of the ABS potentially will not have a proper security interest in all of the obligations backing such ABS. Therefore, there is a possibility that recoveries on repossessed collateral will not, in some cases, be available to support payments on these securities. As the foregoing shows, an underlying risk of investing in ABS is the dependence on debtors to timely pay their consumer loans.
In the case of ABS structured using Securitization Vehicles, Securitization Assets are typically actively managed by an investment manager, which may be the Adviser or its affiliates, and as a result, the Securitization
 
Assets will be traded, subject to rating agency and other constraints, by such investment manager. The aggregate return on these equity securities will depend in part upon the ability of each such investment manager to actively manage the related portfolio of Securitization Assets.
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk.
The collateral underlying mortgage-backed securities generally consists of commercial mortgages or real property that has a residential, multifamily or commercial use, such as retail space, office buildings, warehouse property and hotels. Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) have been issued in a variety of issuances, with varying structures including senior and subordinated classes. The commercial mortgages underlying CMBS generally have shorter maturities than residential mortgages, allow all or a substantial portion of the loan balance to be paid at maturity, commonly known as a “balloon payment,” and are usually
non-recourse
against the commercial borrower. Investments in CMBS are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including credit, market, interest rate, structural and legal risks. These risks may be magnified by volatility in the credit and commercial real estate markets. The investment characteristics of CMBS differ from traditional debt securities in a number of respects, and are similar to the characteristics of structured credit products in which investors participate through a trust or other similar conduit arrangement. As described more fully above, commercial mortgage loans are obligations of the borrowers thereunder and are not typically insured or guaranteed by any other person or entity. While the Fund intends to vigorously analyze and underwrite its CMBS investments from a fundamental real estate perspective, there can be no assurance that underwriting practices will yield their desired results, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to effectively achieve its investment objective or that expected returns will be achieved.
In general, if prevailing interest rates fall significantly below the interest rates on the related mortgage loans, the rate of prepayment on the underlying mortgage loans would be expected to increase. Conversely, if prevailing interest rates rise to a level significantly above the interest rates on the related mortgages, the rate of prepayment would be expected to decrease, which could reduce the returns on certain residual mortgage-backed securities in which the Fund may invest. In addition, rising rates may increase the frequency of defaults on certain floating-rate mortgage-backed securities.
Platform Risk.
Payments on whole loans or securities representing the right to receive principal and interest payments due on loans are received only if the platform servicing the loans receives the borrower’s payments on such loans and passes such payments through to the Fund. If a borrower is unable or fails to make payments on a loan for any reason, the Fund may be greatly limited in its ability to recover any outstanding principal or interest due, as (among other reasons) the Fund may not have direct recourse against the borrower or may otherwise be limited in its ability to directly enforce its rights under the loan, whether through the borrower or the platform through which such loan was originated, the loan may be unsecured or under-collateralized and/or it may be impracticable to commence a legal proceeding against the defaulting borrower.
TRS Agreements Risk.
A total return swap (“TRS”) is a contract in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in the market value of the assets underlying the TRS, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or securities indices during a specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate. For example, if an investment fund wished to invest in a senior loan, it could instead enter into a TRS and receive the total return of the senior loan, less the “funding cost,” which would be a floating interest rate payment to the counterparty. A TRS effectively adds leverage to a portfolio by providing investment exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or investing directly in such market. Because of the unique structure of a TRS, a TRS often offers lower financing costs than are offered through more traditional borrowing arrangements. The Fund would typically have to post collateral to cover this potential obligation.
A TRS is subject to market risk, liquidity risk and risk of imperfect correlation between the value of the TRS and the loans underlying the TRS. In addition, the Fund may incur certain costs in connection with the TRS that could in the aggregate be significant. A TRS is also subject to the risk that a counterparty will default on its payment obligations thereunder or that the Fund will not be able to meet its obligations to the counterparty.
 
Syndications Risk.
An investment may be made with the expectation of offering a portion of its interests therein as a
co-investment
opportunity to third-party investors. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be successful in syndicating any such
co-investment,
in whole or in part, that the closing of such
co-investment
will be consummated in a timely manner, that any syndication will take place on terms and conditions that will be preferable for the Fund or that expenses incurred by the Fund with respect to any such syndication will not be substantial. In the event that the Fund is not successful in syndicating any such
co-investment,
in whole or in part, the Fund may consequently hold a greater concentration and have more exposure in the related investment than initially was intended, which could make the Fund more susceptible to fluctuations in value resulting from adverse economic and/or business conditions with respect thereto. Moreover, an investment by the Fund that is not syndicated to
co-investors
as originally anticipated could significantly reduce the Fund’s overall investment returns.
Direct Lending Risk.
The Fund may make direct loans and engage in direct lending, which practice involves certain risks. If a loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become part owner of any collateral and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. As a result, the Fund may be exposed to losses resulting from default and foreclosure. Any costs or delays involved in the effectuation of a foreclosure of the loan or a liquidation of the underlying assets will further reduce the proceeds and thus increase the loss. There is no assurance that the Fund will correctly evaluate the value of the assets collateralizing the loan. In the event of a reorganization or liquidation proceeding relating to the borrower, the Fund may lose all or part of the amounts advanced to the borrower. There is no assurance that the protection of the Fund’s interests is adequate, including the validity or enforceability of the loan and the maintenance of the anticipated priority and perfection of the applicable security interests. Furthermore, there is no assurance that claims will not be asserted that might interfere with enforcement of the Fund’s rights.
There are no restrictions on the credit quality of the Fund’s loans. Loans may be deemed to have substantial vulnerability to default in payment of interest and/or principal. There can be no assurance as to the levels of defaults and/or recoveries that may be experienced on loans in which the Fund has invested. Certain of the loans in which the Fund may invest have large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions, and may be considered to be predominantly speculative. Generally, such loans offer a higher return potential than better quality loans, but involve greater volatility of price and greater risk of loss of income and principal. The market values of certain of these loans also tend to be more sensitive to changes in economic conditions than better quality loans.
Loans to issuers operating in workout modes or under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code or the equivalent laws of member states of the European Union (“EU”) are, in certain circumstances, subject to certain potential liabilities that may exceed the amount of the loan. For example, under certain circumstances, lenders who have inappropriately exercised control of the management and policies of a debtor may have their claims subordinated or disallowed or may be found liable for damages suffered by parties as a result of such actions.
Loan origination and servicing companies are routinely involved in legal proceedings concerning matters that arise in the ordinary course of their business. These legal proceedings range from actions involving a single plaintiff to class action lawsuits with potentially tens of thousands of class members. In addition, a number of participants in the loan origination and servicing industry (including control persons of industry participants) have been the subject of regulatory actions by state regulators, including state Attorneys General, and by the federal government. Governmental investigations, examinations or regulatory actions, or private lawsuits, including purported class action lawsuits, may adversely affect such companies’ financial results. To the extent the Fund seeks to engage in origination and/or servicing directly, or has a financial interest in, or is otherwise affiliated with, an origination or servicing company, the Fund will be subject to enhanced risks of litigation, regulatory actions and other proceedings. As a result, the Fund may be required to pay legal fees, settlement costs, damages, penalties or other charges, any or all of which could materially adversely affect the Fund and its investments.
Distressed Lending Risk.
As part of our lending activities, we may originate loans to companies that are experiencing significant financial or business difficulties, including companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganization and liquidation proceedings. Although the terms of such financing may result in significant financial returns to us, they involve a substantial degree of risk. The level of analytical sophistication, both financial and legal, necessary for successful financing to companies experiencing significant business and financial difficulties is unusually high. We cannot assure investors that we will correctly evaluate the value of the assets collateralizing our loans or the prospects for a successful reorganization or similar action. In any reorganization or liquidation proceeding relating to a company that we fund, we may lose all or part of the amounts advanced to the borrower or may be required to accept collateral with a value less than the amount of the loan advanced by us to the borrower.
Restructurings
.
Investments in companies operating in workout or bankruptcy modes present additional legal risks, including fraudulent conveyance, voidable preference and equitable subordination risks. The level of analytical sophistication, both financial and legal, necessary for successful investment in companies experiencing significant business and financial difficulties is unusually high. There is no assurance that we will correctly evaluate the value of the assets collateralizing our loans or the prospects for a successful reorganization or similar action.
Bankruptcy Cases.
One or more of our portfolio companies may be or may become involved in bankruptcy or other reorganization or liquidation proceedings. Many of the events within a bankruptcy case are adversarial and often beyond the control of the creditors. While creditors generally are afforded an opportunity to object to significant actions, we cannot assure investors that a bankruptcy court would not approve actions that may be contrary to our interests. There also are instances where creditors can lose their ranking and priority if they are considered to have taken over management of a borrower. If one of our portfolio companies were to go bankrupt, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which we will actually provide significant managerial assistance to that portfolio company, a bankruptcy court might subordinate all or a portion of our claim to that of other creditors.
The reorganization of a company can involve substantial legal, professional and administrative costs to a lender and the borrower. It is subject to unpredictable and lengthy delays, and during the process a company’s competitive position may erode, key management may depart and a company may not be able to invest adequately. In some cases, the debtor company may not be able to reorganize and may be required to liquidate assets. The debt of companies in financial reorganization will, in most cases, not pay current interest, may not accrue interest during reorganization and may be adversely affected by an erosion of the issuer’s fundamental value.
In addition, lenders can be subject to lender liability claims for actions taken by them where they become too involved in the borrower’s business or exercise control over the borrower. For example, we could become subject to a lender liability claim (alleging that we misused our influence on the borrower for the benefit of its lenders), if, among other things, the borrower requests significant managerial assistance from us and we provide that assistance.
First-Lien Debt
.
When we make a first-lien loan, we generally take a security interest in the available assets of the portfolio company, including the equity interests of its subsidiaries, which we expect to help mitigate the risk that we will not be repaid. However, there is a risk that the collateral securing our loans may decrease in value over time, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise, and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the portfolio company to raise additional capital. In some circumstances, our lien is, or could become, subordinated to claims of other creditors. Consequently, the fact that a loan is secured does not guarantee that we will receive principal and interest payments according to the loan’s terms, or at all, or that we will be able to collect on the loan should we need to enforce our remedies. In addition, in connection with our “last out” first-lien loans, we enter into agreements among lenders. Under these agreements, our interest in the collateral of the first-lien loans may rank junior to those of other lenders in the loan under certain circumstances. This may result in greater risk and loss of principal on these loans.
Second-Lien and Mezzanine Debt
.
Our investments in second-lien and mezzanine debt generally are subordinated to senior loans and will either have junior security interests or be unsecured. As such, other creditors may rank senior to us in the event of insolvency. This may result in greater risk and loss of principal.
Nature of Mezzanine Debt Securities Risk.
Mezzanine debt securities generally will be unrated or have ratings or implied or imputed ratings below investment grade. They will be obligations of corporations, partnerships or other entities that are generally unsecured, typically are subordinated to other obligations of the obligor and generally have greater credit and liquidity risk than is typically associated with investment grade corporate obligations. While mezzanine debt investments and other loans or unsecured investments can benefit from the same or similar covenants as those enjoyed by the indebtedness ranking more senior to such investments and can benefit from cross-default provisions and security over the issuer’s assets, some or all of such terms might not be part of particular investments (for example, such investments might not be protected by financial covenants or limitations upon incurrence of additional indebtedness by the issuer). Accordingly, the risks associated with mezzanine debt securities include a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the obligor or in general economic conditions (including a sustained period of rising interest rates or an economic downturn) could adversely affect the obligor’s ability to pay principal and interest on its debt. Many obligors on mezzanine debt securities are highly leveraged, and specific developments affecting such obligors, including reduced cash flow from operations or the inability to refinance debt at maturity, can also adversely affect such obligors’ ability to meet debt service obligations. Mezzanine debt securities are often issued in connection with leveraged acquisitions or recapitalizations, in which the issuers incur a substantially higher amount of indebtedness than the level at which they had previously operated. Default rates for mezzanine debt securities have historically been higher than has been the case for investment grade securities.
Emerging Markets Investments Risk.
Non-U.S. securities of issuers in so-called “emerging markets” (or lesser developed countries, including countries that may be considered “frontier” markets) are particularly speculative and entail all of the risks of investing in Non-U.S. Securities but to a heightened degree. “Emerging market” countries generally include every nation in the world except developed countries, that is, the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and most countries located in Western Europe. Investments in the securities of issuers domiciled in countries with emerging capital markets involve certain additional risks that do not generally apply to investments in securities of issuers in more developed capital markets, such as (i) low or non-existent trading volume, resulting in a lack of liquidity and increased volatility in prices for such securities, as compared to securities of comparable issuers in more developed capital markets; (ii) uncertain national policies and social, political and economic instability, increasing the potential for expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation, high rates of inflation or unfavorable diplomatic developments; (iii) possible fluctuations in exchange rates, differing legal systems and the existence or possible imposition of exchange controls, custodial restrictions or other foreign or U.S. Governmental laws or restrictions applicable to such investments; (iv) national policies that may limit the Fund’s investment opportunities such as restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; and (v) the lack or relatively early development of legal structures governing private and foreign investments and private property.
Foreign investment in certain emerging market countries may be restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times limit or preclude foreign investment in certain emerging market issuers and increase the costs and expenses of the Fund. Certain emerging market countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons only to a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by domiciliaries of the countries and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors.
Emerging markets are more likely to experience hyperinflation and currency devaluations, which adversely affect returns to U.S. investors. In addition, many emerging markets have far lower trading volumes and less liquidity than developed markets. Since these markets are often small, they may be more likely to suffer sharp and frequent price changes or long-term price depression because of adverse publicity, investor perceptions or
the actions of a few large investors. In addition, traditional measures of investment value used in the United States, such as price to earnings ratios, may not apply to certain small markets. Also, there may be less publicly available information about issuers in emerging markets than would be available about issuers in more developed capital markets, and such issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those to which U.S. companies are subject. In certain countries with emerging capital markets, reporting standards vary widely.
Many emerging markets have histories of political instability and abrupt changes in policies and these countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristic of more developed countries. As a result, their governments are more likely to take actions that are hostile or detrimental to private enterprise or foreign investment than those of more developed countries, including expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation, high rates of inflation or unfavorable diplomatic developments. In the past, governments of such nations have expropriated substantial amounts of private property, and most claims of the property owners have never been fully settled. There is no assurance that such expropriations will not reoccur. In such an event, it is possible that the Fund could lose the entire value of its investments in the affected market. Some countries have pervasiveness of corruption and crime that may hinder investments. Certain emerging markets may also face other significant internal or external risks, including the risk of war, and ethnic, religious and racial conflicts. In addition, governments in many emerging market countries participate to a significant degree in their economies and securities markets, which may impair investment and economic growth. National policies that may limit the Fund’s investment opportunities include restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests. In such a dynamic environment, there can be no assurances that any or all of these capital markets will continue to present viable investment opportunities for the Fund.
Emerging markets may also have differing legal systems and the existence or possible imposition of exchange controls, custodial restrictions or other foreign or U.S. Governmental laws or restrictions applicable to such investments. Sometimes, they may lack or be in the relatively early development of legal structures governing private and foreign investments and private property. In addition to withholding taxes on investment income, some countries with emerging markets may impose differential capital gains taxes on foreign investors.
Practices in relation to settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because the Fund will need to use brokers and counterparties that are less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable. The possibility of fraud, negligence, undue influence being exerted by the issuer or refusal to recognize ownership exists in some emerging markets, and, along with other factors, could result in ownership registration being completely lost.
The Fund would absorb any loss resulting from such registration problems and may have no successful claim for compensation. In addition, communications between the United States and emerging market countries may be unreliable, increasing the risk of delayed settlements or losses of security certificates.
Equity and Other Investments.
 When we invest in first-lien debt, second-lien debt or mezzanine debt, we may acquire equity securities, such as warrants, options and convertible instruments. In addition, we may invest directly in the equity securities of the portfolio companies. We intend to dispose of these equity interests and realize gains upon our disposition of these interests. However, the equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience.
Equity Securities Risk
.
Equity securities include common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities, limited partnership interests and warrants. This may include the equity securities of private credit sponsors. Common stocks and preferred stocks represent shares of ownership in a corporation. Preferred stocks usually have specific dividends and rank after bonds and before common stock in claims on assets of the corporation should it be dissolved. Increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a corporation’s stock price.
 
Convertible securities are debt or preferred equity securities convertible into common stock. Usually, convertible securities pay dividends or interest at rates higher than common stock, but lower than other securities. Convertible securities usually participate to some extent in the appreciation or depreciation of the underlying stock into which they are convertible.
Preferred securities, which are a form of hybrid security (i.e., a security with both debt and equity characteristics), may pay fixed or adjustable rates of return. Preferred securities are subject to issuer-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities, however, unlike common stocks, participation in the growth of an issuer may be limited. Distributions on preferred securities are generally payable at the discretion of the issuer’s board and after the company makes required payments to holders of its bonds and other debt securities. For this reason, the value of preferred securities will usually react more strongly than bonds and other debt securities to actual or perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects. Preferred securities of smaller companies may be more vulnerable to adverse developments than preferred securities of larger companies. Preferred securities may be less liquid than common stocks. Preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer or omit distributions for a stated period without any adverse consequences to the issuer. Preferred shareholders may have certain rights if distributions are not paid but generally have no legal recourse against the issuer and may suffer a loss of value if distributions are not paid. Generally, preferred shareholders have no voting rights with respect to the issuer unless distributions to preferred shareholders have not been paid for a stated period, at which time the preferred shareholders may elect a number of Trustees to the issuer’s board. Generally, once all the distributions have been paid to preferred shareholders, the preferred shareholders no longer have voting rights.
Warrants are options to buy a stated number of shares of common stock at a specified price anytime during the life of the warrants. Warrants and rights do not carry with them the right to dividends or voting rights with respect to the securities that they entitle their holder to purchase, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. As a result, warrants and rights may be considered more speculative than certain other types of investments. In addition, the value of a warrant or right does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities. The Fund could lose the value of a warrant or right if the right to subscribe to additional Common Shares is not exercised prior to the warrant’s or right’s expiration date. The market for warrants and rights may be very limited and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for warrants and rights.
Preferred Shares.
 To the extent we invest in preferred securities, we may incur particular risks, including:
 
   
preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer distributions for a stated period without any adverse consequences to the issuer. If we own a preferred security that is deferring its distributions, we may be required to report income for U.S. federal income tax purposes before we receive such distributions;
 
   
preferred securities are subordinated to bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure in terms of priority to corporate income and liquidation payments, and therefore are subject to greater credit risk than more senior debt instruments; and
 
   
generally, preferred security holders have no voting rights with respect to the issuing company unless preferred dividends have been in arrears for a specified number of periods, at which time the preferred security holders may elect a number of directors to the issuer’s board; generally, once all the arrearages have been paid, the preferred security holders no longer have voting rights
In addition, our investments generally involve a number of significant risks, including:
 
   
the companies in which we invest may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their debt securities that we hold, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of us realizing any guarantees we may have obtained in connection with our investment;
 
   
the companies in which we invest typically have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns;
 
   
the companies in which we invest are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons; therefore, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on our portfolio company and, in turn, on us;
 
   
the companies in which we invest generally have less predictable operating results, may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence, and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position;
 
   
the debt investments in our portfolio generally have a significant portion of principal due at the maturity of the investment, which would result in a substantial loss to us if such borrowers are unable to refinance or repay their debt at maturity;
 
   
our executive officers, Trustees and Adviser may, in the ordinary course of business, be named as defendants in litigation arising from our investments in the portfolio companies;
 
   
the companies in which we invest generally have less publicly available information about their businesses, operations and financial condition and, if we are unable to uncover all material information about these companies, we may not make a fully informed investment decision; and
 
   
the companies in which we invest may have difficulty accessing the capital markets to meet future capital needs, which may limit their ability to grow or to repay their outstanding indebtedness upon maturity.
Subordinated Debt
. Our subordinated debt investments will generally rank junior in priority of payment to senior debt and will generally be unsecured. This may result in a heightened level of risk and volatility or a loss of principal, which could lead to the loss of the entire investment. These investments may involve additional risks that could adversely affect our investment returns. To the extent interest payments associated with such debt are deferred, such debt may be subject to greater fluctuations in valuations, and such debt could subject us and our shareholders to
non-cash
income. Because we will not receive any principal repayments prior to the maturity of some of our subordinated debt investments, such investments will be of greater risk than amortizing loans.
Junior, Unsecured Securities.
Our strategy may entail acquiring securities that are junior or unsecured instruments. While this approach can facilitate obtaining control and then adding value through active management, it also means that certain of the Fund’s investments may be unsecured. If a portfolio company becomes financially distressed or insolvent and does not successfully reorganize, we will have no assurance (compared to those distressed securities investors that acquire only fully collateralized positions) that we will recover any of the principal that we have invested. Similarly, investments in “last out” pieces of unitranche loans will be similar to second lien loans in that such investments will be junior in priority to the “first out” piece of the same unitranche loan with respect to payment of principal, interest and other amounts. Consequently, the fact that debt is secured does not guarantee that we will receive principal and interest payments according to the debt’s terms, or at all, or that we will be able to collect on the debt should it be forced to enforce its remedies.
While such junior or unsecured investments may benefit from the same or similar financial and other covenants as those enjoyed by the indebtedness ranking more senior to such investments and may benefit from cross-default provisions and security over the issuer’s assets, some or all of such terms may not be part of particular investments. Moreover, our ability to influence an issuer’s affairs, especially during periods of financial distress or following insolvency, is likely to be substantially less than that of senior creditors. For example, under typical subordination terms, senior creditors are able to block the acceleration of the junior debt or the exercise by junior debt holders of other rights they may have as creditors. Accordingly, we may not be able to take steps to protect investments in a timely manner or at all, and there can be no assurance that our rate of
 
return objectives or any particular investment will be achieved. In addition, the debt securities in which we will invest may not be protected by financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness, may have limited liquidity and are not expected to be rated by a credit rating agency.
Early repayments of our investments may have a material adverse effect on our investment objective. In addition, depending on fluctuations of the equity markets and other factors, warrants and other equity investments may become worthless.
There can be no assurance that attempts to provide downside protection through contractual or structural terms with respect to our investments will achieve their desired effect and potential investors should regard an investment in us as being speculative and having a high degree of risk. Furthermore, we have limited flexibility to negotiate terms when purchasing newly issued investments in connection with a syndication of mezzanine or certain other junior or subordinated investments or in the secondary market.
“Covenant-lite” Obligations
. We may invest in, or obtain exposure to, obligations that may be “covenant- lite,” which means such obligations lack certain financial maintenance covenants. While these loans may still contain other collateral protections, a covenant-lite loan may carry more risk than a covenant-heavy loan made by the same borrower, as it does not require the borrower to provide affirmation that certain specific financial tests have been satisfied on a routine basis as is required under a covenant-heavy loan agreement. Should a loan we hold begin to deteriorate in quality, our ability to negotiate with the borrower may be delayed under a covenant-lite loan compared to a loan with full maintenance covenants. This may in turn delay our ability to seek to recover its investment.
Fixed-Income Securities Risks.
Fixed-income securities in which the Fund may invest, including as part of the Fund’s performing corporate credit strategy, are generally subject to the following risks:
 
   
Issuer and Spread Risk
.
The value of fixed-income securities may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage, reduced demand for the issuer’s goods and services, historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of the assets of the issuer. In addition, wider credit spreads and decreasing market values typically represent a deterioration of a debt security’s credit soundness and a perceived greater likelihood of risk or default by the issuer.
 
   
Credit Risk.
Credit risk is the risk that an underlying issuer or borrower will be unable to make principal and interest payments on its outstanding debt or other payment obligations when due or otherwise defaults on its obligations to the Fund and/or that the guarantors or other sources of credit support for such persons do not satisfy their obligations. The Fund’s return to shareholders would be adversely impacted if an underlying issuer of debt investments or other instruments or a borrower under a loan in which the Fund invests were to become unable to make such payments when due.
Although the Fund may make investments that the Adviser believes are secured by specific collateral the value of which may initially exceed the principal amount of such investments or the Fund’s fair value of such investments, there can be no assurance that the liquidation of any such collateral would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of
non-payment
of scheduled interest or principal payments with respect to such investment, or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy of a borrower, shareholders could experience delays or limitations with respect to the Fund’s ability to enforce rights against and realize the benefits of the collateral securing an investment. Under certain circumstances, collateral securing an investment may be released without the consent of the Adviser and/or the shareholder or the shareholder’s expected rights to such collateral could, under certain circumstances, be voided or disregarded. The Fund’s investments in secured debt may be unperfected for a variety of reasons, including the failure to make required filings by lenders and, as a result, the shareholder may not have priority over other creditors as anticipated. The Fund may also invest in leveraged loans, high yield securities, marketable and
non-marketable
 
common and preferred equity securities and other unsecured investments, each of which involves a higher degree of risk than senior secured loans. Furthermore, the Fund’s right to payment and its security interest, if any, may be subordinated to the payment rights and security interests of a senior lender, to the extent applicable. Certain of these investments may have an interest-only payment schedule, with the principal amount remaining outstanding and at risk until the maturity of the investment. In addition, certain instruments may provide for
payments-in-kind,
which have a similar effect of deferring current cash payments. In such cases, a portfolio company’s ability to repay the principal of an investment may depend on a liquidity event or the long-term success of the company, the likelihood of which is uncertain.
With respect to the Fund’s investments in any number of credit products, if the borrower or issuer breaches any of the covenants or restrictions under the credit agreement or indenture that governs loans or securities of such issuer or borrower, it could result in a default under the applicable indebtedness as well as the indebtedness held by the Fund. Such default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. This could result in an impairment or loss of the Fund’s investment or result in a
pre-payment
(in whole or in part) of the Fund’s investment.
Similarly, while the Adviser will generally target investing the Fund’s assets in companies it believes are of high quality, these companies could still present a high degree of business and credit risk. Portfolio companies in which the Fund invests could deteriorate as a result of, among other factors, an adverse development in their business, a change in the competitive environment or economic and financial market downturns and dislocations. As a result, companies that the Adviser expected to be stable or improve may operate, or expect to operate, at a loss or have significant variations in operating results, may require substantial additional capital to support their operations or maintain their competitive position, or may otherwise have a weak financial condition or be experiencing financial distress.
 
   
Call Risk.
There is a risk that issuers may exercise a right to redeem a fixed income security earlier than expected (a “call”). Issuers may call outstanding securities prior to their maturity for a number of reasons (e.g., declining interest rates, changes in credit spreads and improvements in the issuer’s credit quality). If an issuer calls a security that the Fund has invested in, the Fund may not recoup the full amount of its initial investment and may be forced to reinvest in lower-yielding securities, securities with greater credit risks or securities with other, less favorable features.
 
   
Prepayment Risk
. The Fund is subject to the risk that the investments it makes in its portfolio companies may be repaid prior to maturity. When this occurs, the Fund will generally reinvest these proceeds in temporary investments, pending their future investment in new portfolio companies. These temporary investments will typically have substantially lower yields than the debt being prepaid and the Fund could experience significant delays in reinvesting these amounts. Any future investment in a new portfolio company may also be at lower yields than the debt that was repaid. As a result, the Fund’s results of operations could be materially adversely affected if one or more of the portfolio companies elect to prepay amounts owed to the Fund. Additionally, prepayments, net of prepayment fees, could negatively impact the Fund’s return on equity.
 
   
Reinvestment Risk.
Reinvestment risk is the risk that income from the Fund’s portfolio will decline if the Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called fixed-income securities at market interest rates that are below the Fund portfolio’s current earnings rate.
 
   
Duration and Maturity Risk.
The Fund has no set policy regarding the duration or maturity of the fixed-income securities it may hold. In general, the longer the duration of any fixed-income securities in the Fund’s portfolio, the more exposure the Fund will have to the interest rate risks described above. The Adviser may seek to adjust the portfolio’s duration or maturity based on its assessment of current and projected market conditions and any other factors that the Adviser deems relevant. There can be no
 
 
assurance that the Adviser’s assessment of current and projected market conditions will be correct or that any strategy to adjust the portfolio’s duration or maturity will be successful at any given time.
Below Investment Grade Risk
. The Fund may invest in securities that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or that would be rated below investment grade (rated Ba/BB or below, or judged to be of comparable quality by the Adviser) if they were rated. Below investment grade securities, which are often referred to as “high yield” or “junk,” have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the given issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Lower grade securities, though often high yielding, are characterized by high risk. They may be subject to certain risks with respect to the issuing entity and to greater market fluctuations than certain lower yielding, higher rated securities. They may also be difficult to value and illiquid. The major risks of below investment grade securities include: (i) below investment grade securities may be issued by less creditworthy issuers. Issuers of below investment grade securities may have a larger amount of outstanding debt relative to their assets than issuers of investment grade securities. These issuers are more vulnerable to financial setbacks and recession than more creditworthy issuers, which may impair their ability to make interest and principal payments. In the event of an issuer’s bankruptcy, claims of other creditors may have priority over the claims of holders of below investment grade securities, leaving few or no assets available to repay holders of below investment grade securities; (ii) prices of below investment grade securities are subject to extreme price fluctuations. Adverse changes in an issuer’s industry and general economic conditions may have a greater impact on the prices of below investment grade securities than on other higher-rated fixed-income securities. It is likely that an economic recession could severely disrupt the market for such securities and may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities; (iii) issuers of below investment grade securities may be unable to meet their interest or principal payment obligations because of an economic downturn, specific issuer developments, or the unavailability of additional financing; (iv) below investment grade securities frequently have redemption features that permit an issuer to repurchase the security from the Fund before it matures. If the issuer redeems below investment grade securities, the Fund may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields and may lose income; (v) below investment grade securities may be less liquid than higher-rated fixed-income securities, even under normal economic conditions. There are fewer dealers in the below investment grade securities market, and there may be significant differences in the prices quoted by the dealers. Judgment may play a greater role in valuing these securities and the Fund may be unable to sell these securities at an advantageous time or price; (vi) the Fund may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting issuer.
The prices of fixed-income securities generally are inversely related to interest rate changes; however, below investment grade securities historically have been somewhat less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher quality securities of comparable maturity because credit quality is also a significant factor in the valuation of lower grade securities. On the other hand, an increased rate environment results in increased borrowing costs generally, which may impair the credit quality of
low-grade
issuers and thus have a more significant effect on the value of some lower grade securities. In addition, a low rate environment may result in traditional investment grade oriented investors being forced to accept more risk in order to maintain income. In a rising rate environment, buyers of lower grade securities may exit the market and reduce demand for lower grade securities, potentially resulting in greater price volatility.
The ratings of Moody’s, S&P, Fitch and other rating agencies represent their opinions as to the quality of the obligations which they undertake to rate. Ratings are relative and subjective and, although ratings may be useful in evaluating the safety of interest and principal payments, they do not evaluate the market value risk of such obligations. Although these ratings may be an initial criterion for selection of portfolio investments, the Adviser also will independently evaluate these securities and the ability of the issuers of such securities to pay interest and principal. To the extent that the Fund invests in lower grade securities that have not been rated by a rating agency, the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective will be more dependent on the Adviser’s credit analysis than would be the case when the Fund invests in rated securities.
For securities rated in the lower rating categories (rated as low as D, or unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Adviser), the risks associated with below investment grade instruments are more pronounced. The
 
credit rating of a high-yield security does not necessarily address its market value risk. Ratings and market value may change from time to time, positively or negatively, to reflect new developments regarding the issuer.
High Yield Debt Risk
. The Fund may invest in debt securities that may be classified as “higher-yielding” (and, therefore, higher-risk) debt securities. In most cases, such debt will be rated below “investment grade” or will be unrated and will face both ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions and the issuer’s failure to make timely interest and principal payments. The market for high yield securities has experienced periods of volatility and reduced liquidity. Securities in the lower rated categories and comparable
non-rated
securities are subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than higher rated and comparable
non-rated
securities and are generally considered to be predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. They are also generally considered to be subject to greater risk than securities with higher ratings or comparable
non-rated
securities in the case of deterioration of general economic conditions. High yield securities may or may not be subordinated to certain other outstanding securities and obligations of the issuer, which may be secured by all or substantially all of the issuer’s assets. High yield securities may also not be protected by financial covenants or limitations on additional indebtedness. The market values of certain of these debt securities may reflect individual corporate developments. General economic recession or a major decline in the demand for products and/or services in the industry in which the issuer operates would likely have a material adverse impact on the value of such securities or could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default of such securities. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may also decrease the value and liquidity of these high yield debt securities.
Loan Assignments and Participations Risk.
As the assignee of a loan, the Fund typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a lender under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, the Fund may not be able to unilaterally enforce all rights and remedies under the loan and with regard to any associated collateral. Because assignments may be arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and potential assignors, the rights and obligations acquired by the Fund as the purchaser of an assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning lender. In addition, if the loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become part owner of any collateral and could bear the costs and liabilities of owning and disposing of the collateral. The Fund may be required to pass along to a purchaser that buys a loan from the Fund by way of assignment a portion of any fees to which the Fund is entitled under the loan. In connection with purchasing participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement relating to the loan, nor any rights of
set-off
against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from any collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, the Fund will be subject to the credit risk of both the borrower and the lender that is selling the participation. In the event of the insolvency of the lender selling a participation, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of the lender and may not benefit from any
set-off
between the lender and the borrower.
Loan Interests Risk.
Loan interests generally are subject to restrictions on transfer, and the Fund may be unable to sell its loan interests at a time when it may otherwise be desirable to do so or may be able to sell them promptly only at prices that are less than what the Fund regards as their fair market value. Accordingly, loan interests may at times be illiquid. Loan interests may be difficult to value and may have extended settlement periods (the settlement cycle for many bank loans exceeds 7 days). Extended settlement periods may result in cash not being immediately available to the Fund. As a result, during periods of unusually heavy repurchases, the Fund may have to sell other investments or borrow money to meet its obligations. A significant portion of floating rate loans may be “covenant lite” loans that may contain fewer or less restrictive constraints on the borrower and/or may contain other characteristics that would be favorable to the borrower, limiting the ability of lenders to take legal action to protect their interests in certain situations. Interests in loans made to finance highly leveraged companies or to finance corporate acquisitions or other transactions may be especially vulnerable to adverse changes in economic or market conditions. Interests in secured loans have the benefit of collateral and, typically, of restrictive covenants limiting the ability of the borrower to further encumber its assets. There is a
 
risk that the value of any collateral securing a loan in which the Fund has an interest may decline and that the collateral may not be sufficient to cover the amount owed on the loan. In the event the borrower defaults, the Fund’s access to the collateral may be limited or delayed by bankruptcy or other insolvency laws. Further, in the event of a default, second or lower lien secured loans, and unsecured loans, will generally be paid only if the value of the collateral exceeds the amount of the borrower’s obligations to the senior secured lenders, and the remaining collateral may not be sufficient to cover the full amount owed on the loan in which the Fund has an interest. Further, there is a risk that a court could take action with respect to a loan that is adverse to the holders of the loan and the Fund may need to retain legal counsel to enforce its rights in any resulting event of default, bankruptcy, or similar situation. Interests in loans expose the Fund to the credit risk of the underlying borrower and may expose the Fund to the credit risk of the lender.
Repurchase Agreements Risk.
Subject to its investment objective and policies, the Fund may invest in repurchase agreements as a buyer for investment purposes. Repurchase agreements typically involve the acquisition by the Fund of debt securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank, savings and loan association or broker-dealer. The agreement provides that the Fund will sell the securities back to the institution at a fixed time in the future. The agreed-upon repurchase price determines the yield during the Fund’s holding period. Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans collateralized by the underlying security that is the subject of the repurchase contract. The Fund will only enter into repurchase agreements with registered securities dealers or domestic banks that, in the opinion of the Adviser, present minimal credit risk. The Fund does not bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under its repurchase obligation.
In the event of the bankruptcy or other default of a seller of a repurchase agreement, the Fund could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying securities and losses, including (i) possible decline in the value of the underlying security during the period in which the Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto; (ii) possible lack of access to income on the underlying security during this period; and (iii) expenses of enforcing its rights. In addition, as described above, the value of the collateral underlying the repurchase agreement will be at least equal to the repurchase price, including any accrued interest earned on the repurchase agreement. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, the Fund generally will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercise of the Fund’s right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, the Fund could suffer a loss. In addition, if bankruptcy proceedings are commenced with respect to the seller of the security, realization upon the collateral by the Fund may be delayed or limited.
The Adviser will monitor the value of the collateral at the time the transaction is entered into and at all times subsequent during the term of the repurchase agreement in an effort to determine that such value always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price. In the event the value of the collateral declines below the repurchase price, the Adviser will demand additional collateral from the issuer to increase the value of the collateral to at least that of the repurchase price, including interest.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements Risk.
The Fund may use reverse repurchase agreements, which involves many of the same risks involved in the Fund’s use of leverage, as the proceeds from reverse repurchase agreements generally will be invested in additional securities. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by the Fund with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase the securities at an agreed upon price, date and interest payment. There is a risk that the market value of the securities acquired in the reverse repurchase agreement may decline below the price of the securities that the Fund has sold but remains obligated to repurchase. In addition, there is a risk that the market value of the securities retained in lieu of sale by the Fund in connection with the reverse repurchase agreement may decline in price. If the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement were to file for bankruptcy or experiences insolvency, such buyer or its trustee or receiver may receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities, and the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement
may
effectively be
 
restricted pending such decision. Also, in entering into reverse repurchase agreements, the Fund would bear the risk of loss to the extent that the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement are less than the value of the underlying securities. In addition, due to the interest costs associated with reverse repurchase agreements transactions, the Fund’s NAV will decline, and, in some cases, the Fund may be worse off than if it had not used such instruments. If the Fund enters into reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions in reliance on the exemption in Rule
18f-4(d),
the Fund may either (i) maintain asset coverage of at least 300% with respect to such transactions and any other borrowings in the aggregate, or (ii) treat such transactions as “derivatives transactions” and comply with Rule
18f-4
with respect to such transactions.
Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Debt Securities Risk
.
For temporary defensive purposes, a fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in
cash
equivalents and short-term debt securities. Short-term debt securities are defined to include, without limitation, the following:
 
   
U.S. government securities, including bills, notes and bonds differing as to maturity and rates of interest that are either issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. government securities include securities issued by: (a) the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration and Government National Mortgage Association, the securities of which are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; (b) the Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks and Tennessee Valley Authority, the securities of which are supported by the right of the agency to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; (c) the Federal National Mortgage Association, the securities of which are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and (d) the Student Loan Marketing Association, the securities of which are supported only by its credit. While the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it always will do so since it is not so obligated by law. The U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the
market
value of their securities. Consequently, the value of such securities may fluctuate.
 
   
Certificates of deposit issued against funds deposited in a bank or a savings and loan association. Such certificates are for a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return and are normally negotiable. The issuer of a certificate of deposit agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the certificate on the date specified thereon. Certificates of deposit purchased by the Fund may not be fully insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
 
   
Repurchase agreements, which involve purchases of debt securities.
 
   
Commercial paper, which consists of short-term unsecured promissory notes, including variable rate master demand notes issued by corporations to finance their current operations. Master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between the Fund and a corporation. There is no secondary market for such notes. However, they are redeemable by the Fund at any time. The Adviser will consider the financial condition of the corporation (e.g., earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios) and will continuously monitor the corporation’s ability to meet all of its financial obligations, because the Fund’s liquidity might be impaired if the corporation were unable to pay principal and interest on demand. Investments in commercial paper will be limited to commercial paper rated in the highest categories by a major rating agency and which mature within one year of the date of purchase or carry a variable or floating rate of interest.
Non-U.S
.
Securities
. We may invest in
non-U.S.
securities, which may include securities denominated in U.S. dollars or in
non-U.S.
currencies, to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act. Because evidence of ownership of such securities usually is held outside the United States, we would be subject to additional risks if we invested in
non-U.S.
securities, which include possible adverse political and economic developments, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits and adoption of governmental restrictions, which might adversely affect or restrict the payment of principal and interest on the
non-U.S.
securities to shareholders located outside
 
the country of the issuer, whether from currency blockage or otherwise. Because
non-U.S.
securities may be purchased with and payable in foreign currencies, the value of these assets as measured in U.S. dollars may be affected unfavorably by changes in currency rates and exchange control regulations.
Non-U.S.
Investments.
Investing in the securities outside of the United States involves certain considerations not usually associated with investing in securities of U.S. companies or the U.S. Government, including political and economic considerations, such as greater risks of expropriation, nationalization, confiscatory taxation, imposition of withholding or other taxes on interest, dividends, capital gains, other income or gross sale or disposition proceeds, limitations on the removal of assets and general social, political and economic instability; the relatively small size of the securities markets in such countries and the low volume of trading, resulting in potential lack of liquidity and in price volatility; the evolving and unsophisticated laws and regulations applicable to the securities and financial services industries of certain countries; fluctuations in the rate of exchange between currencies and costs associated with currency conversion; and certain government policies that may restrict the Fund’s investment opportunities. In addition, accounting and financial reporting standards that prevail outside of the U.S. generally are not as high as U.S. standards and, consequently, less information is typically available concerning companies located outside of the U.S. than for those located in the U.S. As a result, the Fund may be unable to structure its transactions to achieve the intended results or to mitigate all risks associated with such markets. It may also be difficult to enforce the Fund’s rights in such markets. For example, securities traded on
non-U.S.
exchanges and the
non-U.S.
persons that trade these instruments are not subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC or the CFTC or the securities and commodities laws and regulations of the U.S. Accordingly, the protections accorded to the Fund under such laws and regulations are unavailable for transactions on foreign exchanges and with foreign counterparties.
Risks Related to the Adviser and Its Affiliates [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Risks Related to the Adviser and Its Affiliates; Conflicts of Interest
No prior experience managing an interval fund.
Although the Adviser and its investment team are experienced in managing portfolios of assets in which the Fund expects to invest, including managing a business development company that invests in private credit, they have no prior experience managing a portfolio that takes the form of an interval fund, and the investment philosophy and techniques used by the Adviser to manage an interval fund may differ from those previously employed by the Adviser, its affiliates, and their respective investment teams in identifying and managing past investments. Accordingly, we can offer no assurance that we will replicate the historical performance of other clients or other entities or companies that the Adviser’s investment team or the Adviser or its affiliates advised in the past, and we caution you that our investment returns could be substantially lower than the returns achieved by other clients of our Adviser or its affiliates. Further, the Adviser may not be able to successfully operate the Fund’s business or achieve the Fund’s investment objective. As a result, an investment in the Fund’s Common Shares may entail more risk than the shares of common stock of a comparable company with a substantial operating history.
Conflicts of Interest Related to Obligations of the Adviser
s Senior Management.
The members of the senior management and investment team of the Adviser serve or may serve as officers, directors or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as the Fund, including a business development company that invests in private credit, or of investment funds managed by the Adviser’s affiliates. In serving in these multiple capacities, they may have obligations to other clients or investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which may not be in the Fund’s best interests or in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders. The Fund’s investment objective may overlap with the investment objectives of such investment funds, accounts or other investment vehicles. In particular, the Fund will rely on the Adviser to manage
its day-to-day activities
and to implement its investment strategy. The Adviser and certain of its affiliates are presently, and plan in the future to continue to be, involved with activities that are unrelated to the Fund. As a result of these activities, the Adviser, its officers and affiliates, and employees of its affiliates will have conflicts of interest in allocating their time between the Fund and other activities in which they are or may become involved, including the management of one or more Other Accounts (defined below). The Adviser, its officers and affiliates, and employees of its affiliates will devote only as much of its or their time to the Fund’s business as the Adviser and its officers, in their judgment, determine is reasonably required, which may be substantially less than their full time.
The Fund relies, in part, on the Adviser to assist with identifying investment opportunities and making investment recommendations to the Fund. The Adviser’s personnel will be expected to attend lender conferences,
 
management meetings and facility visits. While the Adviser may participate at times on creditor committees, which could serve to limit the Fund’s ability to trade, it will at all times seek to avoid any such constraint. Despite the Adviser’s best efforts, however, the Adviser may conclude that it is in the best interest of the Fund to accept a temporary restrain on its ability to trade. The Adviser and its affiliates are not restricted from forming additional investment funds, entering into other investment advisory relationships or engaging in other business activities. These activities could be viewed as creating a conflict of interest in that the time and effort of the members of the Adviser, its affiliates and their officers and employees will not be devoted exclusively to the Fund’s business, but will be allocated between the Fund and such other business activities of the Adviser and its affiliates in a manner that the Adviser and, as applicable, such affiliates deem necessary and appropriate. See “
Potential Conflicts of Interest.
In addition, the Fund may make investments in different parts of the capital structure of companies in which Other Accounts already hold an investment, subject to the Investment Company Act and the conditions of the Order (as defined below). Generally speaking, the Adviser expects that the Fund will make such investments only when, at the time of investment, the Adviser believes such investment is in the Fund’s best interests and either the possibility of actual adversity is remote, the Fund’s investment is small and
non-controlling
or the Adviser believes that such investment is appropriate for the Fund in light of the particular circumstances, notwithstanding the potential for conflict.
Time and Resource Risks Related to Employees of the Adviser and its Affiliates.
The Adviser, Diameter, and individuals employed by Diameter are generally not prohibited from raising capital for and managing other investment entities that make the same types of investments as those the Fund targets, including a business development company that invests in private credit. As a result, the time and resources that these individuals may devote to the Fund may be diverted. In addition, the Fund may compete with any such investment entity for the same investors and investment opportunities.
One or more of the Fund’s affiliates have received an exemptive order from the SEC which would apply to us and would allow us to engage in
co-investment
transactions with the Adviser and its affiliates, subject to certain terms and conditions. However, while the terms of the exemptive relief would require that the Adviser will be given the opportunity to cause us to participate in certain transactions originated by affiliates of the Adviser, the Adviser may determine that we not participate in those transactions and for certain other transactions (as set forth in guidelines approved by the Board) the Adviser may not have the opportunity to cause us to participate. Affiliates of the Adviser, whose primary business includes the origination of investments or investing
in non-originated assets,
engage in investment advisory business with accounts that compete with us. See “
Potential Conflicts of Interest.
Dependence on Key Personnel.
The Fund’s future success depends, to a significant extent, on the continued services of the officers and employees of the Adviser or its affiliates. The loss of services of one or more members of the Adviser’s or its affiliates’ management team, including members of any investment committees, could adversely affect the Fund’s financial condition, business and results of operations. Although the Adviser or one of its affiliates has employment agreements with some or all of these key personnel, employment
is “at-will,” and
we cannot guarantee that all, or any particular one, will remain affiliated with the Fund and/or the Adviser or one of its affiliates. Further, the Fund does not intend to separately maintain key person life insurance on any of these individuals.
The Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective depends on the Adviser’s ability to identify and analyze, and to invest in, finance and monitor companies that meet the Fund’s investment criteria. The Adviser’s capabilities in structuring the investment process, providing competent, attentive and efficient services to the Fund, and facilitating access to financing on acceptable terms depend on the employment of investment professionals in an adequate number and of adequate sophistication to match the corresponding flow of transactions. To achieve the Fund’s investment objective, the Adviser may need to hire, train, supervise and manage new investment professionals to participate in the Fund’s investment selection and monitoring process.
 
The Adviser may not be able to find investment professionals in a timely manner or at all. Failure to support the Fund’s investment process could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
While the Adviser has entered into the Resource Sharing Agreement (defined below) with Diameter Capital Partners and Diameter Capital (UK) Limited, pursuant to which Diameter Capital Partners and Diameter Capital (UK) Limited will provide the Adviser with experienced investment professionals and access to the resources of Diameter Capital Partners and Diameter Capital (UK) Limited so as to enable the Adviser to fulfill its obligations under the Investment Advisory Agreement (as defined below), there can be no assurance that Diameter Capital Partners and Diameter Capital (UK) Limited will perform their respective obligations under the Resource Sharing Agreement. In addition, the Resource Sharing Agreement may be terminated by either party on sixty (60) days’ notice, and such termination may have a material adverse consequence on the Fund’s operations.
Misconduct by employees or by third-party service providers could cause significant losses to the Fund. Employee misconduct could include, among other things, binding the Fund to transactions that exceed authorized limits or present unacceptable risks and other unauthorized activities or concealing unsuccessful investments (which, in either case, may result in unknown and unmanaged risks or losses), or otherwise charging (or seeking to charge) inappropriate expenses to the Fund or Diameter. In addition, employees and third-party service providers may improperly use or disclose confidential information, which could result in litigation or serious financial harm, including limiting the Fund’s business prospects or future activities.
Allocation Policy Conflict of Interest.
The Adviser will determine whether it would be permissible, advisable or otherwise appropriate for the Fund to pursue a particular investment opportunity allocated to the Fund. However, the Adviser, its officers and affiliates, employees of its affiliates and members of any investment committees serve or may serve as investment advisers, officers, trustees or principals of entities or investment funds that operate in the same or a related line of business as us or of investment funds managed by the Adviser’s affiliates. Accordingly, these individuals may have obligations to investors in those entities or funds, the fulfillment of which might not be in the Fund’s best interest or the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders.
In addition, any affiliated investment vehicle currently formed or formed in the future and managed by the Adviser or its affiliates, particularly in connection with any future growth of their respective businesses, may have overlapping investment objectives with those of the Fund and, accordingly, may invest in asset classes similar to those targeted by the Fund. The Adviser’s allocation policies are intended to ensure that, over time, the Fund generally shares equitably with Other Accounts sponsored or managed by the Adviser or its affiliates in investment opportunities, particularly those involving a security with limited supply or involving differing classes of securities of the same issuer that are suitable for the Fund and such Other Accounts. However, there can be no assurance that the Adviser’s or its affiliates’ efforts to allocate any particular investment opportunity among all Advisory Clients (as defined below) for whom such opportunity is appropriate will result in an allocation of all or part of such opportunity to the Fund. Not all conflicts of interest can be expected to be resolved in the Fund’s favor. It is possible that the Fund may not be given the opportunity to participate in certain investments made by those other entities that would otherwise be suitable for the Fund. Officers and employees of the Adviser and its affiliates may also face financial conflicts of interest to the extent their salary or bonus calculation or personal investments are in other entities that have a similar investment objective to the Fund.
Risks Related to Our Adviser’s Ability to Resign.
We cannot assure investors that the Adviser will remain our investment adviser or that we will continue to have access to Diameter or its investment professionals. The investment advisory agreement between the Fund and the Adviser (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”) may be terminated by either party without penalty on sixty (60) days’ written notice to the other party. The holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities may also terminate the Investment Advisory Agreement without penalty on sixty (60) days’ written notice.
The Adviser has the right, under the Investment Advisory Agreement, to resign at any time on sixty (60) days’ written notice, regardless of whether we have found a replacement. In addition, our Board has the
 
authority to remove the Adviser for any reason or for no reason, or may choose not to renew the Investment Advisory Agreement. Furthermore, the Investment Advisory Agreement automatically terminates in the event of its assignment, as defined in the Investment Company Act, by the Adviser. If the Adviser resigns or is terminated, or if we do not obtain the requisite approvals of shareholders and our Board to approve an agreement with the Adviser after an assignment, we may not be able to find a new investment adviser or hire internal management with similar expertise and ability to provide the same or equivalent services on acceptable terms within sixty (60) days, or at all. If we are unable to do so quickly, our operations are likely to experience a disruption and costs under any new agreements that we enter into could increase. Our financial condition, business and results of operations, as well as our ability to pay dividends, are likely to be adversely affected, and the value of our Common Shares may decline.
Any new Investment Advisory Agreement would be subject to approval by our shareholders. Even if we are able to enter into comparable management or administrative arrangements, the integration of a new adviser or administrator and their lack of familiarity with our investment objective may result in additional costs and time delays that may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, if the Adviser resigns or is terminated, we would lose the benefits of our relationship with Diameter, including insights into our existing portfolio, market expertise, sector and macroeconomic views and due diligence capabilities, as well as any investment opportunities referred to us.
Limitation of the Adviser’s Liability.
The Adviser has not assumed any responsibility to us other than to render the services described in the Investment Advisory Agreement, and it will not be responsible for any action of our Board in declining to follow the Adviser’s advice or recommendations. Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser and its officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons, members and any other person or entity affiliated with it (the “Adviser Indemnified Parties”) will not be liable to us for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any act or omission or any loss suffered by the Fund in connection with the matters to which the Investment Advisory Agreement relates, provided that the Adviser will not be protected against any liability to the Fund or its shareholders to which the Adviser would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of its duties and obligations and any liability that cannot be waived due to the fiduciary duty imposed upon the Advisor pursuant to Section 36(b) of the Investment Company Act.
We have agreed to provide to each Adviser Indemnified Party advances from the Fund for payment of the reasonable expenses incurred by it in connection with the matter as to which it is seeking indemnification in the matter and to the fullest extent permissible under law. Our obligation to provide indemnification and advancement of expenses is subject to the requirements of the Investment Company Act and Investment Company Act Release No. 11330, which, among other things, preclude indemnification for any liability (whether or not there is an adjudication of liability or the matter has been settled) arising by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of duties, and require reasonable and fair means for determining whether indemnification will be made. Despite these limitations, the rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses may lead the Adviser Indemnified Parties to act in a riskier manner than they would when acting for their own account.
Risks Related to Portfolio Companies [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Risks
Related to Portfolio
Companies
Default Risk.
It is generally anticipated that conventional debt will be paid as due, barring unexpected developments. Nonetheless, there exists the risk of default. The Adviser will attempt to reduce default risk through diversification and research (both on a
country-by-country
and
issuer-by-issuer
basis).
Active Management.
The Adviser may from time to time attempt to exert management control over the reorganization process of the Fund’s portfolio companies. Active management is unusually resource-intensive and the Adviser’s more limited resources may put it at a competitive disadvantage.
Fraudulent Conveyance Considerations
. Various laws enacted for the protection of creditors may apply to certain investments that are debt obligations, although the existence and applicability of such laws will vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. For example, if a court were to find that the borrower did not receive fair consideration or reasonably equivalent value for incurring indebtedness evidenced by an investment and the grant of any security interest or other lien securing such investment, and, after giving effect to such indebtedness, the borrower (i) was insolvent, (ii) was engaged in a business for which the assets remaining in such borrower constituted unreasonably small capital or (iii) intended to incur or believed that it would incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature, such court could invalidate such indebtedness and such security interest or other lien as fraudulent conveyances, subordinate such indebtedness to existing or future creditors of the borrower or recover amounts previously paid by the borrower (including to the Fund) in satisfaction of such indebtedness or proceeds of such security interest or other lien previously applied in satisfaction of such indebtedness. In addition, if an issuer in which the Fund has an investment becomes insolvent, any payment made on such investment may be subject to avoidance as a “preference” if made within a certain period of time (which may be as long as one year) before insolvency.
In general, if payments on an investment are avoidable, whether as fraudulent conveyances or preferences, such payments can be recaptured either from the initial recipient or from subsequent transferees of such payments. To the extent that any such payments are recaptured from the Fund, the resulting loss will be borne by investors in the Fund.
 
Risk Related to Privately-Held Companies and the Lack of Available Information About These Companies.
Investments in private companies may pose greater risks than investments in public companies. First, private companies have reduced access to the capital markets, resulting in diminished capital resources and the ability to withstand financial distress. Second, the depth and breadth of experience of management in private companies tends to be less than that at public companies, which makes such companies more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a smaller group of persons and/or persons with less depth and breadth of experience. Therefore, the decisions made by such management teams and/or the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on our investments and, in turn, on us. Third, the investments themselves tend to be less liquid. As such, we may have difficulty exiting an investment promptly or at a desired price prior to maturity or outside of a normal repayment schedule. As a result, the relative lack of liquidity and the potential diminished capital resources of our target portfolio companies may affect our investment returns. Fourth, little public information generally exists about private companies. Further, these companies may not have third-party debt ratings or audited financial statements. We must therefore rely on the ability of the Adviser to obtain adequate information through due diligence to evaluate the creditworthiness and potential returns from investing in these companies. The Adviser would typically assess an investment in a portfolio company based on the Adviser’s estimate of the portfolio company’s earnings and enterprise value, among other factors, and these estimates may be based on limited information and may otherwise be inaccurate, causing the Adviser to make different investment decisions than it may have made with more complete information. These companies and their financial information will generally not be subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other rules that govern public companies. If the Adviser is unable to determine all material information about these companies, the Adviser may not make a fully informed investment decision, and we may lose money on our investments.
Investments in Securities or Assets of Publicly-Traded Companies Risk.
The Fund may invest a portion of its portfolio in publicly-traded assets. It is not expected that the Fund will be able to negotiate additional financial covenants or other contractual rights, which the Fund might otherwise be able to obtain in making privately negotiated investments. In addition, by investing in publicly-traded securities or assets, the Fund will be subject to U.S. federal and state securities laws, as well as
non-U.S.
securities laws, that may, among other things, restrict or prohibit its ability to make or sell an investment. Moreover, the Fund may not have the same access to information in connection with investments in public securities, either when investigating a potential investment or after making an investment, as compared to privately negotiated investments. Furthermore, the Fund may be limited in its ability to make investments and to sell existing investments in public securities because the Fund may be deemed to have material,
non-public
information regarding the issuers of those securities or as a result of other internal policies. The inability to sell public securities in these circumstances could materially adversely affect the Fund’s investment results. In addition, an investment may be sold by the Fund to a public company where the consideration received is a combination of cash and stock of the public company, which may, depending on the securities laws of the relevant jurisdiction, be subject to
lock-up
periods.
Risks Related to the Failure to Make
Follow-On
Investments
.
Following an initial investment in a portfolio company, we may make additional investments in that portfolio company as
“follow-on”
investments to:
 
   
increase or maintain in whole or in part our equity ownership percentage;
 
   
exercise warrants, options or convertible securities that were acquired in the original or subsequent financing; or
 
   
attempt to preserve or enhance the value of our investment
We may elect not to make
follow-on
investments, may be constrained in our ability to employ available funds, or otherwise may lack sufficient funds to make those investments. We have the discretion to make any follow-on investments, subject to the availability of capital resources. However, doing so could be placing even more capital at risk in existing portfolio companies.
 
The failure to make
follow-on
investments may, in some circumstances, jeopardize the continued viability of a portfolio company and our initial investment, or may result in a missed opportunity for us to increase our participation in a successful operation. Even if we have sufficient capital to make a desired
follow-on
investment, we may elect not to make a
follow-on
investment because we may not want to increase our concentration of risk, because we prefer other opportunities or because we are inhibited by compliance with investment company requirements or the desire to maintain our tax status.
Risks Related to Return on Invested Capital.
We may not realize expected returns on our investment in a portfolio company due to changes in the portfolio company’s financial position or due to an acquisition of the portfolio company. If a portfolio company repays our loans prior to their maturity, we may not receive our expected returns on our invested capital. Many of our investments are structured to provide a disincentive for the borrower to
pre-pay
or call the security, but this call protection may not cover the full expected value of an investment if that investment is repaid prior to maturity.
Middle-market companies operate in a highly acquisitive market with frequent mergers and buyouts. If a portfolio company is acquired or merged with another company prior to drawing on our commitment, we would not realize our expected return. Similarly, in many cases companies will seek to restructure or repay their debt investments or buy our other equity ownership positions as part of an acquisition or merger transaction, which may result in a repayment of debt or other reduction of our investment.
Debt and Equity of the Issuers.
Our portfolio companies in some cases may incur debt or issue equity securities that rank equally with, or senior to, our investments in those companies. Our portfolio companies may have, or may be permitted to incur, other debt, or issue other equity securities that rank equally with, or senior to, our investments. By their terms, those instruments may provide that the holders are entitled to receive payment of dividends, interest or principal on or before the dates on which we are entitled to receive payments in respect of our investments. These debt instruments would usually prohibit portfolio companies from paying interest on or repaying our investments in the event and during the continuance of a default under the debt. Also, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a portfolio company, holders of securities ranking senior to our investment in that portfolio company typically would be entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any distribution in respect of our investment. After repaying those holders, the portfolio company may not have any remaining assets to use for repaying its obligation to us. In the case of securities ranking equally with our investments, we would have to share on an equal basis any distributions with other security holders in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant portfolio company.
The rights we may have with respect to the collateral securing certain loans we make to our portfolio companies may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more intercreditor agreements or agreements among lenders. Under these agreements, we may forfeit certain rights with respect to the collateral to holders with prior claims. These rights may include the right to commence enforcement proceedings against the collateral, the right to control the conduct of those enforcement proceedings, the right to approve amendments to collateral documents, the right to release liens on the collateral and the right to waive past defaults under collateral documents. We may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if as a result our rights as lenders are adversely affected.
No Control of Portfolio Companies Risk.
The Fund does not expect to control the portfolio companies in which it invests. The Fund does not expect to have board representation or board observation rights, and the Fund’s debt agreements with such portfolio companies may contain certain restrictive covenants. As a result, the Fund is subject to the risk that a portfolio company in which it invests may make business decisions with which the Fund disagrees and the management of such company, as representatives of the holders of the company’s common equity, may take risks or otherwise act in ways that do not serve the Fund’s interests as debt investors. Due to the lack of liquidity for the Fund’s investments in
non-traded
companies, the Fund may not be able to dispose of its interests in portfolio companies as readily as the Fund would like or at an appropriate valuation. As a result, a portfolio company may make decisions that could decrease the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.
 
Adjustments to Terms of Investments Risk
.
The terms and conditions of the loan agreements and related assignments may be amended, modified or waived only by the agreement of the lenders. Generally, any such agreement must include a majority or a supermajority (measured by outstanding loans or commitments) or, in certain circumstances, a unanimous vote of the lenders. Consequently, the terms and conditions of the payment obligation arising from loan agreements could be modified, amended or waived in a manner contrary to the preferences of the Fund, if a sufficient number of the other lenders concurred with such modification, amendment or waiver. There can be no assurance that any obligations arising from a loan agreement will maintain the terms and conditions to which the Fund originally agreed. Because the Fund may invest through participation interests and derivative securities, the Fund may not be entitled to vote on any such adjustment of terms of such agreements.
The exercise of remedies may also be subject to the vote of a specified percentage of the lenders thereunder. The Adviser will have the authority to cause the Fund to consent to certain amendments, waivers or modifications to the investments requested by obligors or the lead agents for loan syndication agreements. The Adviser may, in accordance with its investment management standards, cause the Fund to extend or defer the maturity, adjust the outstanding balance of any investment, reduce or forgive interest or fees, release material collateral or guarantees, or otherwise amend, modify or waive the terms of any related loan agreement, including the payment terms thereunder. The Adviser will make such determinations in accordance with its investment management standards. Any amendment, waiver or modification of an investment could adversely impact the Fund’s investment returns.
Second Priority Liens Risk.
Certain debt investments that the Fund makes may be secured on a second priority basis by the same collateral securing first priority debt of such companies. The first priority liens on the collateral will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under any outstanding senior debt and may secure certain other future debt that may be permitted to be incurred by the company under the agreements governing the loans. The holders of obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral will generally control the liquidation of and be entitled to receive proceeds from any realization of the collateral to repay their obligations in full before the Fund. In addition, the value of the collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from the sale or sales of all of the collateral would be sufficient to satisfy the debt obligations secured by the second priority liens after payment in full of all obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral. If such proceeds are not sufficient to repay amounts outstanding under the debt obligations secured by the second priority liens, then the Fund, to the extent not repaid from the proceeds of the sale of the collateral, will only have an unsecured claim against such company’s remaining assets, if any.
The Fund may also make unsecured debt investments in portfolio companies, meaning that such investments will not benefit from any interest in collateral of such companies. Liens on such portfolio companies’ collateral, if any, will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under its outstanding secured debt and may secure certain future debt that is permitted to be incurred by the portfolio company under its secured debt agreements. The holders of obligations secured by such liens will generally control the liquidation of, and be entitled to receive proceeds from, any realization of such collateral to repay their obligations in full before the Fund is so entitled. In addition, the value of such collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from sales of such collateral would be sufficient to satisfy its unsecured debt obligations after payment in full of all secured debt obligations. If such proceeds were not sufficient to repay the outstanding secured debt obligations, then its unsecured claims would rank equally with the unpaid portion of such secured creditors’ claims against the portfolio company’s remaining assets, if any.
The rights the Fund may have with respect to the collateral securing the debt investments it makes to its portfolio companies with senior debt outstanding may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more intercreditor agreements that the Fund enters into with the holders of senior debt. Under such an intercreditor agreement, at any time that obligations that have the benefit of the first priority liens are outstanding, any of the following actions that may be taken in respect of the collateral will be at the direction of the holders of the
 
obligations secured by the first priority liens: the ability to cause the commencement of enforcement proceedings against the collateral; the ability to control the conduct of such proceedings; the approval of amendments to collateral documents; releases of liens on the collateral; and waivers of past defaults under collateral documents. The Fund may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if its rights are adversely affected.
Covenant Breaches or Defaults Risk.
A portfolio company’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by the Fund or other lenders or investors could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of its loans and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize a portfolio company’s ability to meet its obligations under the debt or equity securities that the Fund holds. The Fund may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants, with a defaulting portfolio company.
Highly Leveraged Portfolio Companies Risk.
Some of the portfolio companies in which the Fund invests may be highly leveraged, which may have adverse consequences to these companies and to the Fund as an investor. These companies may be subject to restrictive financial and operating covenants and the leverage may impair these companies’ ability to finance their future operations and capital needs. As a result, these companies’ flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions and to take advantage of business opportunities may be limited. Further, a leveraged company’s income and net assets will tend to increase or decrease at a greater rate than if borrowed money were not used.
Risks Related to the Fund's Investment Strategy and Activities [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Risks Related to the Fund’s Investment Strategy and
Activities
Risk of Investment Strategy.
An investor should be aware that it may lose all or part of its investment in the Fund. All investments involve the risk of loss of capital. The Adviser believes that the Fund’s investment program and research techniques moderate this risk through a careful selection of securities and other financial instruments. However, no guarantee or representation is made that the Fund’s investment program will be successful. The Fund’s investment program may utilize such investment techniques as option transactions and forward contracts, which practices can, in certain circumstances, increase the adverse impact to which the Fund’s portfolio may be subject.
Investments Generally.
All investments risk the loss of capital. Such investments are subject to investment-specific price fluctuations as well as to macro-economic, market and industry-specific conditions, including but not limited to national and international economic conditions, domestic and international financial policies and performance, conditions affecting particular investments such as the financial viability, sales and product lines of corporate issuers, national and international politics and governmental events, and changes in income tax laws. No guarantee or representation is made that the Fund’s investment program will be successful. The Fund’s investment program involves, without limitation, risks associated with limited diversification and concentration, investments in speculative assets and the use of speculative investment strategies and techniques, interest rates, volatility, tracking risks in hedged positions, credit deterioration or default risks, systems risks and other risks inherent in the Fund’s activities. Certain investment techniques of the Fund can, in certain circumstances, magnify the impact of adverse market moves to which the Fund may be subject. In addition, the Fund’s investments may be materially affected by conditions in the financial markets and overall economic conditions occurring globally and in particular markets where the Fund may invest its assets.
The Fund’s methods of minimizing such risks may not accurately predict future risk exposures. Risk management techniques are based in part on the observation of historical market behavior, which may not predict market divergences that are larger than historical indicators. Also, information used to manage risks may not be accurate, complete or current, and such information may be misinterpreted.
General Economic and Market Conditions.
The success of the Fund’s activities will be affected by general economic and market conditions, such as interest rates, availability of credit, credit defaults, inflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in laws (including laws relating to taxation of the Fund’s investments), trade barriers, currency exchange controls, and national and international political circumstances (including wars, terrorist acts or security operations). These factors may affect the trading strategies which are based on the predicated outcomes of macroeconomic themes.
 
Concentrated Investment Strategy.
The Fund will not be broadly diversified, but rather will concentrate on credit investments across its performing credit, structured credit and private credit strategies. The undiversified nature of the Fund’s trading can be expected to result in increased performance volatility and risk.
High-Yield and Distressed Securities.
The Fund expects to trade high-yield and distressed credit instruments. These instruments are subject to substantial risk of default, bankruptcy, moratorium,
etc.
, as they are by definition issued by or referenced to issuers in precarious and often declining financial condition. Valuing high-yield and distressed credit instruments is an inherently uncertain process due to the lack of available market prices and the uncertain financial condition of the issuers (and the lack of reliable information concerning such issuers’ financial condition). The mispricings on which the Fund will attempt to capitalize in its investing reflect both the risk and the uncertainty of high-yield and distressed investments. The long-term and illiquid nature of many of these investments increases their risk, as the Fund will generally be unable to exit these investments in order either to recognize profits or limit losses. High-yield and distressed securities exhibit high
mark-to-market
volatility, require extensive due diligence and medium- to long-term holding periods, are generally illiquid and demand constant monitoring and carefully engineered exit strategies.
Structured Credit Products.
Special risks may be associated with investments in structured credit products, collateralized debt obligations, synthetic credit portfolio transactions and asset-backed securities. For example, synthetic portfolio transactions may be structured with two or more classes of tranches that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of credit assets. The yield to maturity of a tranche may be extremely sensitive to the rate of defaults in the underlying reference portfolio. A rapid change in the rate of defaults may have a material adverse effect on the yield to maturity. It is therefore possible that the Fund may incur losses on its investments in structured products regardless of their ratings by S&P or Moody’s. Additionally, the securities in which the Fund is authorized to invest include securities that are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on their resale or for which there is a relatively inactive trading market. Securities subject to resale restrictions may sell at a price lower than similar securities that are not subject to such restrictions. Investments in the junior subordinated tranche of structured credit products such as collateralized debt obligations tend to be highly levered; this may magnify the adverse impact on the tranche as a result of changes in the market value of the underlying assets.
Financing Arrangements; Availability of Credit
. The Fund will use leverage as part of its strategy, and, as a result, the Fund may depend on the availability of credit in order to finance its portfolio. Such leverage may be in the form of imbedded leverage inherent in the investments the Fund makes including subordinated classes of structured credit products such as CDOs and CLOs as well as leverage inherent in certain derivative instruments and in short investments. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to maintain adequate financing arrangements under all market circumstances. As a general matter, the banks and dealers that provide financing to the Fund can apply essentially discretionary margin, haircut, financing, security and collateral valuation policies. Changes by banks and dealers in such policies, or the imposition of other credit limitations or restrictions, whether due to market circumstances or governmental, regulatory or judicial action, may result in margin calls, loss of financing, forced liquidation of positions at disadvantageous prices, termination of swap and repurchase agreements and cross-defaults to agreements with other dealers. Any such adverse effects may be exacerbated in the event that such limitations or restrictions are imposed suddenly and/or by multiple market participants at or about the same time. The imposition of such limitations or restrictions could compel the Fund to liquidate all or a portion of its portfolio at disadvantageous prices.
During the 2008 financial crisis the availability of financing for speculative strategies was materially restricted. In addition, many dealers materially increased the cost and margin requirements applicable to outstanding financing, which materially adversely affected certain funds.
Directional Trading.
Certain of the positions taken by the Fund will be designed to profit from forecasting absolute price movements in a particular instrument or asset class. Predicting future prices is inherently uncertain and the losses incurred, if the market moves against a position, will often not be hedged. The speculative aspect
 
of attempting to predict absolute price movements is generally perceived to exceed that involved in attempting to predict relative price fluctuations.
Lack of Effective Securities Interests.
Certain higher risk debt investors make a policy of acquiring only secured debt so that they have good assurances of receiving back their principal even in the event of a default. In the case of the Fund, on the other hand, the Adviser recognizes that certain instruments may not be paid in full and, in fact, may be a complete loss. In addition, when the Fund holds participations in a loan, the Fund may not have the right to vote for or waive enforcement of any default by an obligor, and/or the selling institution may not consider the interests of the Fund in connection with its actions.
Hedging Transactions
. The Fund may utilize securities for risk management purposes in order to: (i) protect against possible changes in the market value of the Fund’s investment portfolio resulting from fluctuations in the markets and changes in interest rates; (ii) protect the Fund’s unrealized gains in the value of its investment portfolio; (iii) facilitate the sale of any securities; (iv) enhance or preserve returns, spreads or gains on any security in the Fund’s portfolio; (v) hedge against a directional trade; (vi) hedge the interest rate, credit or currency exchange rate on any of the Fund’s securities; (vii) protect against any increase in the price of any securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date; or (viii) act for any other reason that the Adviser deems appropriate. The Fund will not be required to hedge any particular risk in connection with a particular transaction or its portfolio generally. The Adviser may be unable to anticipate the occurrence of a particular risk and, therefore, may be unable to attempt to hedge against it. While the Fund may enter into hedging transactions to seek to reduce risk, such transactions may result in a poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not engaged in any such hedging transaction. Moreover, the portfolio will always be exposed to certain risks that cannot be hedged.
Hedging Risks.
The Fund may seek to hedge against interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations and credit risk by using financial instruments such as futures, options, swaps and forward contracts, subject to the requirements of the Investment Company Act. These financial instruments may be purchased on exchanges or may be individually negotiated and traded in
over-the-counter
markets. Use of such financial instruments for hedging purposes may present significant risks, including the risk of loss of the amounts invested. Defaults by the other party to a hedging transaction can result in losses in the hedging transaction. Hedging activities also involve the risk of an imperfect correlation between the hedging instrument and the asset being hedged, which could result in losses both on the hedging transaction and on the instrument being hedged. Use of hedging activities may not prevent significant losses and could increase the Fund’s losses. Further, hedging transactions may reduce cash available to pay distributions to the Fund’s shareholders. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act could adversely impact an issuer’s ability to hedge risks associated with the Fund’s investments. Such transactions may be subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions that may, among other things, make it more difficult for the Fund to comply with certain U.S. federal income tax requirements applicable to RICs if the tax characterization of the Fund’s investments is not clear or if the tax treatment of the income from such investments was successfully challenged by the Internal Revenue Service.
Spread Widening Risks.
For reasons not necessarily attributable to any of the risks set forth herein (for example, supply/demand imbalances or other market forces), the prices of the debt instruments and other securities in which the Fund invests may decline substantially. In particular, purchasing debt instruments or other assets at what may appear to be “undervalued” or “discounted” levels is no guarantee that these assets will not be trading at even lower levels at a time of valuation or at the time of sale. It may not be possible to predict, or to hedge against, such “spread widening” risk. Additionally, the perceived discount in pricing from previous environments described herein may still not reflect the true value of the assets underlying debt instruments in which the Fund invests and therefore further deteriorations in value with respect thereto may occur following the Fund’s investment therein.
Undervalued Investments Risk.
The Fund’s investment strategy with respect to certain types of investments may be based, in part, upon
the
premise that certain investments (either held directly or indirectly) that are
 
otherwise performing may from time to time be available for purchase by the Fund at “undervalued” or “discounted” prices. Purchasing interests at what may appear to be “undervalued” levels is no guarantee that these investments will generate attractive risk-adjusted returns to the Fund or will not be subject to further reductions in value. No assurance can be given that investments can be acquired or realized at favorable prices or that the market for such interests will continue to improve since this depends, in part, upon events and factors outside the control of the Adviser. In addition, there can be no assurance that current market conditions may not deteriorate during the life of the Fund, which could have a materially adverse effect on the assets of the Fund. Actual or perceived trends in debt markets do not guarantee, predict or forecast future events, which may differ significantly from those implied by such trends.
Risks Related to the Lack of Liquidity in our Investments.
The illiquidity of our investments may make it difficult for us to sell positions if the need arises. In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at
which
we had previously recorded these investments.
Risks Related to OID and PIK.
There are certain risks associated with holding debt obligations that have original issue discount or
payment-in-kind
interest.
Original issue discount, or OID, may arise if we hold securities issued at a discount, receive warrants in connection with the making of a loan, or in certain other circumstances.
The higher interest rates of OID instruments reflect the payment deferral and increased credit risk associated with these instruments, and OID instruments generally represent a significantly higher credit risk than coupon loans. Even if the accounting conditions for income accrual are met, the borrower could still default when our actual collection is supposed to occur at the maturity of the obligation.
OID instruments may have unreliable valuations because their continuing accruals require continuing judgments about the collectability of the deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral. OID income may also create uncertainty about the source of our cash dividends. In addition, market prices of OID instruments are more volatile because they are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes than instruments that pay interest periodically in cash.
For accounting purposes, any cash dividends to shareholders representing OID income are not treated as coming from
paid-in
capital, even if the cash to pay them comes from the proceeds of issuances of our Common Shares. As a result, despite the fact that a dividend representing OID income could be paid out of amounts invested by our shareholders, the Investment Company Act does not require that shareholders be given notice of this fact by reporting it as a return of capital.
Zero Coupon, Original Issue Discount and
Payment-In-Kind
Instruments Risk.
To the extent that the Fund invests in original issue discount or
payment-in-kind
(“PIK”) instruments and the accretion of original issue discount or PIK interest income constitutes a portion of the Fund’s income, it will be exposed to risks associated with the requirement to include such
non-cash
income in taxable and accounting income prior to receipt of cash, including the following: (i) the higher interest rates on PIK instruments reflect the payment deferral and increased credit risk associated with these instruments, and PIK instruments generally represent a significantly higher credit risk than coupon loans; (ii) original issue discount and PIK instruments may have unreliable valuations because the accruals require judgments about collectability of the deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral; (iii) an election to defer PIK interest payments by adding them to the principal on such instruments increases the Fund’s future investment income which increases the Fund’s net assets and, as such, increases the Adviser’s future base management fees at a compounding rate; (iv) market prices of PIK instruments and other
zero-coupon
instruments are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes, and may be more volatile than instruments that pay interest periodically in cash. While PIK instruments are usually less volatile than
zero-coupon
debt instruments, PIK instruments are generally more volatile than cash pay securities;
 
(v) the deferral of PIK interest on an instrument increases the
loan-to-value
ratio, which is a measure of the riskiness of a loan, with respect to such instrument; (vi) even if the conditions for income accrual under GAAP are satisfied, a borrower could still default when actual payment is due upon the maturity of such loan; (vii) for accounting purposes, cash distributions to investors representing original issue discount income do not come from
paid-in
capital, although they may be paid from the offering proceeds. Thus, although a distribution of original issue discount income may come from the cash invested by investors, the Investment Company Act does not require that investors be given notice of this fact; (viii) the required recognition of original issue discount or PIK interest for U.S. federal income tax purposes may have a negative impact on liquidity, as it represents a
non-cash
component of the Fund’s investment company taxable income that may require cash distributions to shareholders in order to qualify for and maintain the Fund’s tax treatment as a RIC; and (ix) original issue discount may create a risk of
non-refundable
cash payments to the Adviser based on
non-cash
accruals that may never be realized.
Because investors in zero coupon or PIK bonds receive no cash prior to the maturity or cash payment date applicable thereto, an investment in such securities generally has a greater potential for complete loss of principal and/or return than an investment in debt securities that make periodic interest payments. Such investments are more vulnerable to the creditworthiness of the issuer and any other parties upon which performance relies.
Failure to Maintain RIC Tax Treatment Risk.
To qualify for and maintain RIC tax treatment under Subchapter M of the Code, the Fund must, among other things, meet annual distribution, income source and quarterly asset diversification requirements. Each of the aforementioned ongoing requirements for the Fund’s qualification as a RIC requires that the Fund obtain information from or about the underlying investments in which it invests, and the Fund may have difficulty complying with these requirements. In particular, if the Fund has equity investments in portfolio companies or other vehicles that are treated as partnerships or other pass-through entities for tax purposes, it may not have control over, or receive accurate information about, the underlying income and assets of those portfolio companies or other vehicles that are taken into account in determining the Fund’s compliance with the income source and quarterly asset diversification requirements. If the Fund does not receive sufficient information from such investments, the Fund risks failing to satisfy the Subchapter M qualification tests and/or incurring an excise tax on undistributed income.
If, before the end of any quarter of its taxable year, the Fund believes it may fail the Diversification Tests (as defined below), the Fund may seek to take certain actions to avert such a failure. However, the action frequently taken by RICs to avert such a failure, the disposition of
non-diversified
assets, may be difficult to pursue because of the limited liquidity of certain of the Fund’s investments. While relevant tax provisions afford a RIC a
30-day
period after the end of the relevant quarter in which to cure a diversification failure by disposing of
non-diversified
assets, the constraints on the Fund’s ability to effect a sale of an investment may limit the Fund’s use of this cure period. In certain cases, the Fund may be afforded a longer cure period under applicable savings provisions, but it may be subject to a penalty tax in connection with its use of those savings provisions.
If the Fund fails to satisfy the Diversification Tests or other RIC requirements, it may fail to qualify as a RIC under the Code, and if the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC, it would become subject to a corporate-level U.S. federal income tax (and any applicable U.S. state and local taxes), which could substantially reduce its net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of the Fund’s distributions, and distributions to the shareholders generally would be treated as corporate dividends.
See
Certain U.S. Federal Income
Tax Matters –
Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company.
In addition, the Fund is required each December to make certain “excise tax” calculations based on income and gain information that must be obtained from certain of its investments. If the Fund does not receive sufficient information from such investments, it risks failing to satisfy the Subchapter M qualification tests and/or incurring an excise tax on undistributed income (in addition to the corporate income tax). The Fund may, however, attempt to avoid such outcomes by paying a distribution that is or is considered to be in excess of its current and accumulated earnings and profits for the relevant period (i.e., a return of capital).
 
In order to comply with the RIC rules or for other reasons, the Fund may structure its investments in a way that could increase the taxes imposed thereon or in respect thereof. For example, the Fund may hold such investments through one or more U.S. or
non-U.S.
corporation(s) (or other entity treated as such for U.S. federal income tax purposes), and the Fund would indirectly bear any U.S. or
non-U.S.
taxes imposed on such corporation(s). The Fund’s need to hold such investments through such U.S. or
non-U.S.
corporation(s) in order to satisfy the 90% Gross Income Test (as defined below) may jeopardize its ability to satisfy the Diversification Tests, which may make it difficult for the Fund to qualify as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Fund may also be unable to make investments that it would otherwise determine to make as a result of the desire to qualify for the RIC rules.
In addition, the Fund may directly or indirectly invest in certain investments located outside the United States. Such investments may be subject to withholding taxes and other taxes in such jurisdictions with respect to their investments. In general, a U.S. person will not be able to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction for foreign taxes paid by the Fund. Further, adverse U.S. tax consequences can be associated with certain foreign investments, including potential U.S. withholding taxes on foreign entities with respect to their U.S. investments and potential adverse tax consequences associated with investments in any foreign corporations that are characterized for U.S. federal income tax purposes as “controlled foreign corporations” or “passive foreign investment companies.”
The Fund may retain some income and capital gains in the future, including for purposes of providing the Fund with additional liquidity, which amounts would be subject to the 4% U.S. federal excise tax to the extent they exceed the Excise Tax Distribution Requirements (as defined below), in addition to the corporate income tax. In that event, the Fund will be liable for the tax on the amount by which the Fund does not meet the foregoing distribution requirement.
See
Certain U.S. Federal Income
Tax Matters – Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company
.”
Return of Capital Risk
. The Fund may fund its cash distributions to shareholders from any sources of funds available to it, including offering proceeds, borrowings, net investment income from operations, capital gains proceeds from the sale of assets,
non-capital
gains proceeds from the sale of assets, dividends or other distributions paid to the Fund on account of preferred and common equity investments in portfolio companies and fee and expense reimbursement waivers from the Adviser, if any. The Fund’s ability to pay distributions, if any, might be adversely affected by, among other things, the impact of one or more of the risk factors described in this prospectus. All distributions are and will be paid at the discretion of the Board and will depend on the Fund’s earnings, the Fund’s financial condition, maintenance of the Fund’s RIC status and such other factors as the Board may deem relevant from time to time. The Fund cannot assure shareholders that it will continue to pay distributions to its shareholders in the future. In the event that the Fund encounters delays in locating suitable investment opportunities, the Fund may pay all or a substantial portion of its distributions from borrowings or sources other than net investment income in anticipation of future cash flow, which may constitute a return of shareholders’ capital. Distributions funded by a return of capital can reduce the amount of capital available to the Fund for investment, potentially impacting the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objectives. A return of capital is not paid from tax earnings or profits and will have the effect of reducing the tax basis of a shareholder’s Common Shares, such that when a shareholder sells its Common Shares the sale may be subject to tax, even if the Common Shares are sold for less than the original purchase price.
Recognizing Income Before or Without Receiving Cash Risk.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund may be required to recognize taxable income in circumstances in which the Fund does not receive a corresponding payment in cash. For example, if the Fund holds debt obligations that are treated under applicable tax rules as having original issue discount (such as
zero-coupon
securities, debt instruments with PIK interest or, in certain cases, increasing interest rates or debt instruments that were issued with warrants), the Fund must include in income each year a portion of the original issue discount that accrues over the life of the obligation, regardless of whether cash representing such income is received by the Fund in the same taxable year. The Fund may also have to include in income other amounts that it has not yet received in cash, such as deferred loan
 
origination fees that are paid after origination of the loan or are paid in
non-cash
compensation such as warrants or stock or income from investments in portfolio companies or other vehicles that are treated as partnerships or other pass-through entities for tax purposes. The Fund anticipates that a portion of its income may constitute original issue discount or other income required to be included in taxable income prior to receipt of cash. Furthermore, the Fund intends to elect to amortize market discount and include such amounts in the Fund’s taxable income on a current basis, instead of upon disposition of the applicable debt obligation.
Because any original issue discount, market discount or other amounts accrued will be included in the Fund’s investment company taxable income for the year of the accrual, the Fund may be required to make a distribution to its shareholders in order to satisfy the annual distribution requirement, even though the Fund will not have received any corresponding cash amount. As a result, the Fund may have difficulty meeting the annual distribution requirement necessary to qualify for taxation as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. The Fund may have to sell some of its investments at times and/or at prices the Fund would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or forgo new investment opportunities for this purpose. If the Fund is not able to obtain cash from other sources, the Fund may not qualify for or maintain RIC tax treatment and thus the Fund may become subject to corporate-level income tax.
Counterparty Risk
. The Fund is subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to any derivatives contracts (whether a clearing corporation in the case of exchange-traded instruments or the Fund’s hedge counterparty in the case of OTC instruments) purchased by the Fund. Counterparty risk is the risk that the other party in a derivative transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligation. Changes in the credit quality of the companies that serve as the Fund’s counterparties with respect to their derivative transactions will affect the value of those instruments. By entering into derivatives transactions, the Fund assumes the risks that these counterparties could experience financial or other hardships that could call into question their continued ability to perform their obligations. In the case of a default by the counterparty, the Fund could become subject to adverse market movements while replacement transactions are executed. The ability of the Fund to transact business with any one or number of counterparties, the possible lack of a meaningful and independent evaluation of such counterparties’ financial capabilities, and the absence of a regulated market to facilitate settlement may increase the potential for losses by the Fund. Furthermore, concentration of derivatives in any particular counterparty would subject the Fund to an additional degree of risk with respect to defaults by such counterparty.
The Adviser evaluates and monitors the creditworthiness of counterparties in order to ensure that such counterparties can perform their obligations under the relevant agreements. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial or other difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a dissolution, assignment for the benefit of creditors, liquidation,
winding-up,
bankruptcy or other analogous proceedings. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of a counterparty to a derivative transaction, the derivative contract would typically be terminated at its fair market value. If the Fund is owed this fair market value upon the termination of the derivative contract and its claim is unsecured, the Fund will be treated as a general creditor of such counterparty, and will not have any claim with respect to the underlying assets. The Fund may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery at all in such circumstances. In addition, regulations that were adopted in 2019 require certain bank-regulated counterparties and certain of their affiliates to include in certain financial contracts, including many derivatives contracts, terms that delay or restrict the rights of counterparties, such as the Fund, to terminate such contracts, foreclose upon collateral, exercise other default rights or restrict transfers of credit support in the event that such counterparty and/or its affiliates are subject to certain types of resolution or insolvency proceedings.
Certain categories of interest rate and credit default swaps are subject to mandatory clearing, and more categories may be subject to mandatory clearing in the future. The counterparty risk for cleared derivatives is generally lower than for uncleared OTC derivative transactions because generally a clearing organization becomes substituted for each counterparty to a cleared derivative contract and, in effect, guarantees the parties’ performance under the contract as each party to a trade looks only to the clearing house for performance of
 
financial obligations. However, there can be no assurance that a clearing house, or its members, will satisfy the clearing house’s obligations (including, but not limited to, financial obligations and legal obligations to segregate margins collected by the clearing house) to the Fund. Counterparty risk with respect to certain exchange-traded and
over-the-counter
derivatives may be further complicated by recently enacted U.S. financial reform legislation.
See
Derivatives Risk.
Joint Ventures Risk.
From time to time, the Fund may hold a portion of its investments through partnerships, joint ventures, securitization vehicles or other entities with third-party investors (collectively, “joint ventures”). Joint venture investments involve various risks, including risks similar to those associated with a direct investment in a portfolio company, the risk that the Fund will not be able to implement investment decisions or exit strategies because of limitations on the Fund’s control under applicable agreements with joint venture partners, the risk that a joint venture partner may become bankrupt or may at any time have economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent with those of the Fund, the risk that a joint venture partner may be in a position to take action contrary to the Fund’s objectives, the risk of liability based upon the actions of a joint venture partner and the risk of disputes or litigation with such partner and the inability to enforce fully all rights (or the incurrence of additional risk in connection with enforcement of rights) one partner may have against the other, including in connection with foreclosure on partner loans, because of risks arising under state law. The Fund’s ability to exercise control or significant influence over management in these cooperative efforts will depend upon the nature of the joint venture arrangement, and certain joint venture arrangements may pose risks of impasse if no single party controls the joint venture, including the risk that the Fund will not be able to implement investment decisions or exit strategies because of limitations on the Fund’s control under applicable agreements with joint venture partners. In addition, the Fund may, in certain cases, be liable for actions of the Fund’s joint venture partners.
The joint ventures in which the Fund participates may sometimes be allocated investment opportunities that might have otherwise gone entirely to the Fund, which may reduce the Fund’s return on equity. Additionally, the Fund’s joint venture investments may be held on an unconsolidated basis and at times may be highly leveraged. Such leverage would not count toward the investment limits imposed on the Fund by the Investment Company Act. If an investment in an unconsolidated joint venture were to be consolidated for any reason, the leverage of such joint venture could impact the Fund’s ability to maintain the minimum coverage ratio of total assets to total borrowings and other senior securities required under the Investment Company Act, which could have an effect on the Fund’s operations and investment activities. See “
Leverage Risk
.”
Investing Alongside Other Third Parties Risk.
The Fund may invest alongside third parties through joint ventures, partnerships or other entities in the future. Such investments may involve risks not present in investments where a third party is not involved, including the possibility that such third party may at any time have economic or business interests or goals which are inconsistent with the Fund’s, or may be in a position to take action contrary to the Fund’s investment objective. In addition, the Fund may in certain circumstances be liable for actions of such third party.
More specifically, joint ventures involve a third party that has approval rights over activity of the joint venture. The third party may take actions that are inconsistent with the Fund’s interests. For example, the third party may decline to approve an investment for the joint venture that the Fund otherwise wants the joint venture to make. A joint venture may also use investment leverage which magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested. Generally, the amount of borrowing by the joint venture is not included when calculating the Fund’s total borrowing and related leverage ratios and is not subject to asset coverage requirements imposed by the Investment Company Act. If the activities of the joint venture were required to be consolidated with the Fund’s activities because of a change in GAAP rules or SEC staff interpretations, it is likely that the Fund would have to reorganize any such joint venture.
Competition Risk.
Other public and private entities, including commercial banks, commercial financing companies, business development companies, registered investment companies and other investment funds and
 
insurance companies, compete with us to make the types of investments that we make. Certain of these competitors may be substantially larger, have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we have and offer a wider array of financial services. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships. We may lose investment opportunities if we do not match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure. If we match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure, however, we may experience decreased net interest income and increased risk of credit loss.
In addition, many competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the Investment Company Act imposes on us as a registered investment company or the restrictions that the Code imposes on us as a RIC. As a result, we face additional constraints on our operations, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage. As a result of this existing and potentially increasing competition, we may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities and we cannot assure investors that we will be able to identify and make investments that are consistent with our investment objective. The competitive pressures we face could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment objective.
Potential Strategy Saturation.
The amount of capital committed to “alternative investment strategies” and credit related strategies has increased dramatically during recent years and at the same time, market conditions have become significantly more adverse to many of such strategies than they were in previous years. The profit potential of the Fund may be materially reduced as a result of the “saturation” of the alternative investment field.
Risk of Borrowing.
As part of our business strategy, we intend to borrow from and may in the future issue senior debt securities to banks, insurance companies and other lenders. Holders of these loans or senior securities would have fixed-dollar claims on our assets that have priority over the claims of our shareholders. If the value of our assets decreases, leverage will cause our net asset value to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have without leverage. Similarly, any decrease in our income would cause our net income to decline more sharply than it would have if we had not borrowed. This decline could negatively affect our ability to make dividend payments on our Common Shares. In addition, we would have to service any additional debt that we incur, including interest expense on debt and dividends on preferred shares that we may issue, as well as the fees and costs related to the entry into or amendments to debt facilities. Our ability to service our borrowings depends largely on our financial performance and is subject to prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures. In addition, the Management Fee is payable based on our Managed Assets, including cash and assets acquired through the use of leverage, which may give our Adviser an incentive to use leverage to make additional investments. Even in the event the value of an investor’s investment declines, the Management Fee will still be payable to the Adviser. The amount of leverage that we employ will depend on our Adviser’s and our Board’s assessment of market and other factors at the time of any proposed borrowing. We cannot assure investors that we will be able to obtain credit at all or on terms acceptable to us.
We may enter into credit facilities or issue debt pursuant to indentures that may impose financial and operating covenants that restrict our business activities, remedies on default and similar matters. Our compliance with these covenants depends on many factors, some of which are beyond our control. Failure to comply with these covenants could result in a default. If we were unable to obtain a waiver of a default from the lenders or holders of that indebtedness, as applicable, those lenders or holders could accelerate repayment under that indebtedness. An acceleration could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Lastly, we may be unable to obtain additional leverage, which would, in turn, affect our return on capital.
Risk of Indebtedness.
Our indebtedness could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. We cannot assure investors that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available to us under our credit facilities or otherwise in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs. We may need to refinance all or a portion
 
of our indebtedness on or before it matures. We cannot assure investors that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we cannot service our indebtedness, we may have to take actions such as selling assets or seeking additional equity. We cannot assure investors that any such actions, if necessary, could be effected on commercially reasonable terms or at all, or on terms that would not be disadvantageous to our shareholders or on terms that would not require us to breach the terms and conditions of our existing or future debt agreements.
Leverage Risk.
The use of leverage is speculative and involves certain risks. Although leverage will increase the Fund’s investment return if the Fund’s investment purchased with borrowed funds earns a greater return than the interest expense the Fund pays for the use of those funds, leverage magnifies the Fund’s exposure to declines in the value of one or more underlying reference assets or creates investment risk with respect to a larger pool of assets than the Fund would otherwise have and may be considered a speculative technique. The value of an investment in the Fund will be more volatile, and other risks tend to be compounded if and to the extent the Fund borrows or uses derivatives or other investments that have embedded leverage. The use of leverage will decrease the return on the Fund if the Fund fails to earn as much on its investment purchased with borrowed funds as it pays for the use of those funds. The use of leverage will in this way magnify the volatility of changes in the value of an investment in the Fund, especially in times of a “credit crunch” or during general market turmoil. The Fund may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with its borrowings or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate. In addition, a lender to the Fund may terminate or refuse to renew any credit facility into which the Fund has entered. If the Fund is unable to access additional credit, it may be forced to sell its interests in investment funds at inopportune times, which may further depress the Fund’s returns.
Credit Facility Provisions Risk.
A credit facility may be backed by all or a portion of the Fund’s loans and securities on which the lenders will have a security interest. The Fund may pledge up to 100% of its assets and may grant a security interest in all of the Fund’s assets under the terms of a debt instrument the Fund enters into with lenders. The Fund expects that any security interests it grants will be set forth in a pledge and security agreement and evidenced by the filing of financing statements by the agent for the lenders. In addition, the Fund expects that the custodian for its securities serving as collateral for such loan would include in its electronic systems notices indicating the existence of such security interests and, following notice of occurrence of an event of default, if any, and during its continuance, will only accept transfer instructions with respect to any such securities from the lender or its designee. If the Fund were to default under the terms of any debt instrument, the agent for the applicable lenders would be able to assume control of the timing of disposition of any or all of the Fund’s assets securing such debt, which would have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In connection with one or more credit facilities entered into by the Fund, distributions to shareholders may be subordinated to payments required in connection with any indebtedness contemplated thereby.
In addition, any security interests and/or negative covenants required by a credit facility may limit the Fund’s ability to create liens on assets to secure additional debt and may make it difficult for the Fund to restructure or refinance indebtedness at or prior to maturity or obtain additional debt or equity financing. In addition, if the Fund’s borrowing base under a credit facility were to decrease, the Fund may be required to secure additional assets in an amount sufficient to cure any borrowing base deficiency. In the event that all of the Fund’s assets are secured at the time of such a borrowing base deficiency, the Fund could be required to repay advances under a credit facility or make deposits to a collection account, either of which could have a material adverse impact on its ability to fund future investments and to make distributions.
In addition, the Fund may be subject to limitations as to how borrowed funds may be used, which may include restrictions on geographic and industry concentrations, loan size, payment frequency and status, average life, collateral interests and investment ratings, as well as regulatory restrictions on leverage which may affect the amount of funding that may be obtained. There may also be certain requirements relating to portfolio
 
performance, including required minimum portfolio yield and limitations on delinquencies and charge-offs, a violation of which could limit further advances and, in some cases, result in an event of default. An event of default under a credit facility could result in an accelerated maturity date for all amounts outstanding thereunder, which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business and financial condition. This could reduce the Fund’s liquidity and cash flow and impair its ability to grow its business.
Business Contact [Member]  
Cover [Abstract]  
Entity Address, Address Line One 50 Hudson Yards
Entity Address, Address Line Two Suite 6600A
Entity Address, City or Town New York
Entity Address, State or Province NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 10001
Contact Personnel Name Michael Cohn, Esq
Class A Shares [Member]  
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] 2.00% [1]
Management Fees [Percent] 1.56% [2],[3]
Interest Expenses on Borrowings [Percent] 0.84% [3],[4]
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.75% [3],[5]
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [Percent] 0.00% [3],[4]
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] 0.71% [3],[4]
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] 3.86%
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] 0.00% [3],[6]
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] 3.86% [3],[6]
Expense Example, Year 01 $ 40
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 120
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 202
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 $ 415
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]  
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] Class A Shares
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | shares 0
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | shares 0
Common Shares [Member]  
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Basis of Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block] as a Percentage of Net Assets Attributable to our Shares
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]  
Security Title [Text Block] Common Shares
Security Voting Rights [Text Block] Each Common Share has one vote
Class I Shares [Member]  
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] 2.00% [1]
Management Fees [Percent] 1.56% [2],[3]
Interest Expenses on Borrowings [Percent] 0.84% [3],[4]
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.00% [3],[5]
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [Percent] 0.00% [3],[4]
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] 0.71% [3],[4]
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] 3.11%
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] 0.00% [3],[6]
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] 3.11% [3],[6]
Expense Example, Year 01 $ 32
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 97
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 165
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 $ 346
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]  
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] Class I Shares
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | shares 0
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | shares 10,000
Preferred Shares [Member]  
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]  
Security Title [Text Block] Preferred Shares
Security Voting Rights [Text Block]
Voting Rights
. The Investment Company Act requires that the holders of any Preferred Shares, voting separately as a single class, have the right to elect at least two Fund Trustees at all times. The remaining Fund Trustees will be elected by holders of Common Shares and Preferred Shares, voting together as a single class. In addition, subject to the prior rights, if any, of the holders of any other class of senior securities outstanding, the holders of any Preferred Shares have the right to elect a majority of the Fund Trustees at any time two years’
dividends on any Preferred Shares are unpaid. The Investment Company Act also requires that, in addition to any approval by shareholders that might otherwise be required, the approval of the holders of a majority of any outstanding Preferred Shares, voting separately as a class, would be required to (1) adopt any plan of reorganization that would adversely affect the Preferred Shares, and (2) take any action requiring a vote of security holders under Section 13(a) of the Investment Company Act, including, among other things, changes in the Fund’s
sub-classification
as a
closed-end
investment company or changes in its fundamental investment restrictions. See “
Delaware Law and Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust
”. As a result of these voting rights, the Fund’s ability to take any such actions may be impeded to the extent that there are any Preferred Shares outstanding. The Board presently intends that, except as otherwise indicated in this Prospectus and except as otherwise required by applicable law, holders of any Preferred Shares will have equal voting rights with holders of Common Shares (one vote per share, unless otherwise required by the Investment Company Act) and will vote together with holders of Common Shares as a single class.
The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of any outstanding Preferred Shares, voting as a separate class, would be required to amend, alter or repeal any of the preferences, rights or powers of holders of Preferred Shares so as to affect materially and adversely such preferences, rights or powers, or to increase or decrease the authorized number of Preferred Shares. The class vote of holders of Preferred Shares described above would
in
each case be in addition to any other vote required to authorize the action in question.
Security Liquidation Rights [Text Block]
Liquidation Preference
. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Fund, the holders of Preferred Shares will be entitled to receive a preferential liquidating distribution, which would be expected to equal the original purchase price per preferred share plus accrued and unpaid dividends, whether or not declared, before any distribution of assets is made to holders of Common Shares. After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distribution to which they are entitled, the holders of preferred shares would not be entitled to any further participation in any distribution of assets by the Fund.
Security Preemptive and Other Rights [Text Block] Holders of Common Shares have no preemptive right
[1] A 2% early repurchase fee payable to the Fund will be charged with respect to the repurchase of a shareholder’s Common Shares at any time prior to the day immediately preceding the one-year anniversary of a shareholder’s purchase of the Common Shares (on a “first in-first out” basis) (the “Early Repurchase Deduction”). The one-year holding period will be satisfied if at least one year has elapsed from (a) the issuance date of the applicable Common Shares to (b) the subscription date immediately following the Repurchase Pricing Date used in the repurchase of such Common Shares. The Early Repurchase Deduction may be waived in the case of repurchase requests arising from the death, divorce or qualified disability of the holder; in the event that a shareholder’s Common Shares are repurchased because the shareholder has failed to maintain the $500 minimum account balance; due to trade or operational error; and repurchases of Common Shares submitted by discretionary model portfolio management programs (and similar arrangements) as approved by the Fund. The Early Repurchase Deduction will be retained by the Fund for the benefit of remaining shareholders.
[2] The Management Fee will be paid to the Adviser in an amount equal to 1.25% of the Fund’s average daily Managed Assets, payable quarterly in arrears. “Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to borrowings for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Fund’s accrued liabilities (other than liabilities representing borrowings for investment purposes). The Management Fee will decrease the net profits or increase the net losses of the Fund. Because the Adviser’s Management Fee is based on Managed Assets, the Management Fee will be higher if the Fund utilizes leverage. The investment management fee figure shown in the table above is computed as a percentage of the Fund’s net assets, which differs from the Fund’s Managed Assets, and accordingly the figure shown in the table above differs from the Fund’s Management Fee rate.
[3] This table summarizes the expenses of the Fund and is designed to help investors understand the costs and expenses they will bear, directly or indirectly, by investing in the Fund. The figures in this table assume an average Managed Assets (defined below) of $750 million. For purposes of determining net assets in fee table calculations, derivatives are valued at market value.
[4] Fees and Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds, “Other Expenses” (as defined below), and Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses represent estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses will be indirectly borne by the Fund’s shareholders. “Other Expenses” include administration, accounting, legal and auditing fees, transfer agency, organization and offering expenses and fees payable to the Fund’s Trustees. The amount presented in the table estimates the amounts the Fund expects to pay for the current fiscal year.
[5] Investors may pay a shareholder servicing and distribution fee for Class A Shares equal to 0.75% per annum of the average daily value of the Fund’s net assets for the Class A Shares, accrued daily and payable monthly. Payment of the shareholder servicing and distribution fee will be governed by the Fund’s distribution and service plan (the “Distribution and Service Plan”) for Class A Shares, which, pursuant to the conditions of an exemptive order issued by the SEC, has been adopted by the Fund with respect to Class A Shares in compliance with Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act. Class I Shares are not subject to any shareholder servicing and distribution fees. See “Plan of Distribution”.
[6] The Adviser has entered into an expense limitation and reimbursement agreement (the “Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement”) with the Fund, whereby the Adviser has agreed to waive the Management Fee and/or to assume or reimburse expenses of the Fund (a “Waiver”), if required to ensure the total annual expenses (excluding the Management Fee; any taxes; fees and interest payments on borrowed funds; shareholder servicing and distribution fees; brokerage and distribution costs and expenses; acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with SEC Form N-2); expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization; and extraordinary or non-routine expenses, such as litigation expenses) (“Total Annual Expenses”) do not exceed 0.75% of the average daily net assets of Class A Shares and Class I Shares (the “Expense Limit”). Because the Management Fee; taxes; fees and interest payments on borrowed funds; shareholder servicing and distribution fees; brokerage and distribution costs and expenses; acquired fund fees and expenses; expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization; and extraordinary or non-routine expenses are excluded from the Expense Limit, the expenses that investors in the Fund will ultimately be responsible to bear for the current fiscal year (after fee waivers and expense reimbursements) are expected to exceed the Expense Limit. The Net Annual Expenses are estimated to be approximately 3.86% (including the 0.75% shareholder servicing and distribution fee) for Class A Shares and 3.11% for Class I Shares. For a period not to exceed three years from the date on which a Waiver is made, the Adviser may recoup amounts waived or assumed, provided it is able to effect such recoupment and remain in compliance with the Expense Limit in place at the time of the Waiver and the current Expense Limit. Unless earlier terminated by the Board, the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement has an initial two-year term. The Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement may be renewed at the Adviser’s discretion for consecutive one-year terms thereafter. The Adviser may not terminate the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement during the initial term. After the initial term, the Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement may be terminated, without the payment of any penalty, by the Fund at any time, with or without notice, or by the Adviser upon thirty days’ written notice prior to the end of the then current term.