Allowance for Credit Losses |
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| Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 5 - Allowance for Credit Losses Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans
The ability of the Company’s residential and consumer borrowers to honor their repayment commitments is generally dependent on the level of overall economic activity within the geographical area in which they reside. Commercial borrowers’ ability to repay is generally dependent upon the general health of the economy. A large majority of the Company’s loans are in Western New York and, accordingly, the ultimate collectability of a substantial portion of the loans is susceptible to changes in market conditions in this primary market area. The loan portfolio is segmented into the following loan types by risk level: Real Estate Loans: • Residential, One- to Four-Family – are loans secured by first lien collateral on residential real estate primarily held in the Western New York region. These loans can be affected by economic conditions and the value of underlying properties. Western New York’s housing market has consistently demonstrated stability in home prices despite economic conditions. Furthermore, the Company has conservative underwriting standards and its residential lending policies and procedures verify that its one- to four-family residential mortgage loans generally conform to secondary market guidelines. • Home Equity – are loans or lines of credit secured by first or second liens on owner-occupied residential real estate primarily held in the Western New York region. These loans can also be affected by economic conditions and the values of underlying properties. Home equity loans may have increased risk of loss if the Company does not hold the first mortgage resulting in the Company being in a secondary position in the event of collateral liquidation. The Company does not originate interest only home equity loans. • Commercial Real Estate – are loans used to finance the purchase of real property, which generally consists of developed real estate that is held as first lien collateral for the loan. These loans are secured by real estate properties that are primarily held in the Western New York region. Commercial real estate lending involves additional risks compared with one- to four-family residential lending, because payments on loans secured by commercial real estate properties are often dependent on the successful operation or management of the properties, and/or the collateral value of the commercial real estate securing the loan, and repayment of such loans may be subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market or economic conditions to a greater extent than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. Also, commercial real estate loans typically involve relatively large loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Other Loans: • Commercial – includes business installment loans, lines of credit, and other commercial loans. Most of our commercial loans are for terms generally not in excess of five years. Whenever possible, we collateralize these loans with a lien on business assets and equipment and require the personal guarantees from principals of the borrower. Commercial loans generally involve a higher degree of credit risk, as commercial loans can involve relatively large loan balances to a single borrower or groups of related borrowers, with the repayment of such loans typically dependent on the successful operation of the commercial business and the income stream of the borrower. Such risks can be significantly affected by economic conditions. Although commercial loans may be collateralized by equipment or other business assets, the liquidation of collateral in the event of a borrower default may be an insufficient source of repayment because the equipment or other business assets may be obsolete or of limited use, among other things. Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial loan depends primarily on the credit worthiness of the borrowers (and any guarantors), while liquidation of collateral is a secondary and often insufficient source of repayment. • Consumer – consist of loans secured by collateral such as an automobile or a deposit account, unsecured loans, and lines of credit. Consumer loans tend to have a higher credit risk due to the loans being either unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciable assets. Furthermore, consumer loan payments are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and therefore are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. Included in the Real Estate Loans for residential, one- to four-family and commercial real estate are loans to finance the construction of either a one- to four-family owner occupied home or commercial real estate. At the end of the construction period, the loan automatically converts to either a one- to four-family residential mortgage or a commercial real estate mortgage, as applicable. Risk of loss on a construction loan depends largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the value of the property at completion compared to the actual cost of construction. The Company limits its risk during construction as disbursements are not made until the required work for each advance has been completed and an updated lien search is performed. The completion of the construction progress is verified by a Company loan officer or inspections performed by an independent appraisal firm or other third party. Construction loans also expose us to the risk of construction delays which may impair the borrower’s ability to repay the loan. The following tables detail the changes in the allowance for credit losses by loan segment for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 as well as the related loan balances by individually evaluated and collectively evaluated as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.
(1) There were no one- to four-family construction loans at December 31, 2025. (2) Includes commercial construction loans of $18.8 million. (3) Gross Loans Receivable does not include allowance for credit losses of $(4,884) or net deferred loan costs of $3,012.
(1) There were no one- to four-family construction loans at December 31, 2024. (2) Includes commercial construction loans of $18.9 million. (3) Gross Loans Receivable does not include allowance for credit losses of $(5,133) or net deferred loan costs of $3,263.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Loan Commitments The Company’s allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments is recognized as a liability and included within other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition, with adjustments to the reserve recognized in the provision for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income. The Company’s activity in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:
Non-accrual Loans and Delinquency Status The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status and loans on non-accrual status with no allowance for credit losses recorded. The Company did not have any loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing at December 31, 2025 and 2024.
(1) Includes one- to four-family construction loans. (2) Includes commercial construction loans. There was no interest income recognized on non-accrual loans during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payments as they become due. A loan does not have to be 90 days delinquent in order to be classified as non-accrual. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. If ultimate collection of principal is in doubt, all cash receipts on non-accrual loans are applied to reduce the principal balance. The following tables provide an analysis of past due loans as of the dates indicated:
(1) Includes commercial real estate construction loans. Collateral-Dependent Loans Collateral-dependent loans are loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. These loans do not share common risk characteristics and are not included within the collectively evaluated loans for determining the allowance for credit losses. For collateral-dependent loans, the Company has adopted the practical expedient to measure the allowance for credit losses based on the fair value of collateral. The allowance for credit losses is measured on an individual loan basis based on the difference between the fair value of the loan’s collateral, which is adjusted for liquidation costs, and the amortized cost. If the fair value of the collateral exceeds the amortized cost, no allowance for credit losses is required. Refer to Note 13 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments for additional information. The following table presents an analysis of the amortized cost of collateral-dependent loans of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 by collateral type and loan segment:
There was an allowance of $6,000 recorded on one collateral-dependent loan secured by residential real estate as of December 31, 2025. There was no allowance recorded on the above noted collateral-dependent loans as of December 31, 2024. Credit Quality Indicators The Company’s policies provide for the classification of loans as follows: • Pass/Performing; • Special Mention – does not currently expose the Company to a sufficient degree of risk but does possess credit deficiencies or potential weaknesses deserving the Company’s close attention; • Substandard – has one or more well-defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. A substandard asset would be one inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or pledged collateral, if applicable; • Doubtful – has all the weaknesses inherent in substandard loans with the additional characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values questionable, and there is a high possibility of loss; and • Loss – loan is considered uncollectible and continuance without the establishment of a specific valuation reserve is not warranted. Each commercial loan is individually assigned a loan classification. The Company’s consumer loans, including residential one- to four-family loans and home equity loans, are classified by using the delinquency status as the basis for classifying these loans. Generally, all consumer loans more than 90 days past due are classified and placed in non-accrual. Such loans that are well-secured and in the process of collection will remain in accrual status. Asset quality indicators for all loans and the Company’s risk rating process are reviewed on a monthly basis. Risk ratings are updated as circumstances that could affect the repayment of individual loans are brought to management’s attention through an established monitoring process. Written action plans are maintained and reviewed on a quarterly basis for all classified commercial loans. In addition to the Company’s internal process, an outsourced independent credit review function is in place for commercial loans to further assess assigned risk classifications and monitor compliance with internal lending policies and procedures.
The following tables present gross loans by credit quality indicator by origination year at December 31, 2025 and 2024 and gross charge-offs for the years then ended:
(1) There were no one- to four-family construction loans at December 31, 2025. (2) Home equity loans presented with an origination year represent home equity lines-of-credit which have been converted to term loans. (3) Includes commercial construction loans.
(1) There were no one- to four-family construction loans at December 31, 2024. (2) Home equity loans presented with an origination year represent home equity lines-of-credit which have been converted to term loans. (3) Includes commercial construction loans. Modifications with Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty: Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers in financial distress by providing modifications to loans that it would not normally grant. Such modifications could include principal forgiveness, term extension, a significant payment delay, an interest rate reduction or the addition of a co-borrower or guarantor. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of the forgiveness is charged-off against the allowance for credit losses. Because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance for credit losses, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. In some cases, the Company provides multiple types of modifications on one loan. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another modification may be granted, such as principal forgiveness. There were no loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the years ended December 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.
There were no modified loans that were past due or on non-accrual as of December 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024. There were no loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the years ended December 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024 that had a payment default and were modified in the twelve months prior. Foreclosed real estate consists of property acquired in settlement of loans which is carried at its fair value less estimated selling costs. Write-downs from cost to fair value less estimated selling costs are recorded at the date of acquisition or repossession and are charged to the allowance for credit losses. There was no foreclosed real estate at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction was $491,000 at December 31, 2025 and $927,000 at December 31, 2024. |
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