<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 6.4b -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
<link:linkbase xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#Cover" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Cover" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#ConsolidatedBalanceSheets" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheets" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#ConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#ConsolidatedStatementsOfOperations" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfOperations" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#ConsolidatedStatementsOfStockholdersEquity" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfStockholdersEquity" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#ConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/2025/cyd-2025.xsd#CybersecurityRiskManagementAndStrategyDisclosure" roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/role/CybersecurityRiskManagementAndStrategyDisclosure" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/2025/cyd-2025.xsd#MaterialCybersecurityIncidentDisclosure" roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/role/MaterialCybersecurityIncidentDisclosure" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#Company" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Company" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#RisksAndUncertainties" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/RisksAndUncertainties" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#SignificantStrategicCollaborations" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/SignificantStrategicCollaborations" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#AccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/AccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#FairValueMeasurements" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/FairValueMeasurements" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#IncomeTaxes" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/IncomeTaxes" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#StockholdersEquity" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/StockholdersEquity" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#Share-basedExpense" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Share-basedExpense" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#EmployeeBenefitPlans" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/EmployeeBenefitPlans" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#CommitmentsAndContingencies" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/CommitmentsAndContingencies" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#RelatedPartyTransactions" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactions" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#SubsequentEvents" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/SubsequentEvents" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#AccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTables" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/AccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTables" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#IncomeTaxesTables" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/IncomeTaxesTables" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#Share-basedExpenseTables" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Share-basedExpenseTables" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails-ConsolidatedNetLoss" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails-ConsolidatedNetLoss" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsNarrative" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsNarrative" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#SignificantStrategicCollaborationsDetailsNarrative" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/SignificantStrategicCollaborationsDetailsNarrative" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#AccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesDetails-AccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/AccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesDetails-AccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#AccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesDetailsNarrative" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/AccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesDetailsNarrative" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#IncomeTaxesDetails-IncomeByGeographicRegions" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails-IncomeByGeographicRegions" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#IncomeTaxesDetails-IncomeTaxBenefit" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails-IncomeTaxBenefit" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#IncomeTaxesDetails-DeferredTaxAssets" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails-DeferredTaxAssets" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#IncomeTaxesDetailsNarrative" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetailsNarrative" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#StockholdersEquityDetailsNarrative" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/StockholdersEquityDetailsNarrative" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#Share-basedExpenseDetails-ShareBasedExpense" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Share-basedExpenseDetails-ShareBasedExpense" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#Share-basedExpenseDetails-AssumptionsEmployee" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Share-basedExpenseDetails-AssumptionsEmployee" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#Share-basedExpenseDetails-EmployeeStockOptionActivity" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Share-basedExpenseDetails-EmployeeStockOptionActivity" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#Share-basedExpenseDetails-Non-vestedEmployeeOptionActivity" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Share-basedExpenseDetails-Non-vestedEmployeeOptionActivity" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#Share-basedExpenseDetails-Non-employeeOptionActivity" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Share-basedExpenseDetails-Non-employeeOptionActivity" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#Share-basedExpenseDetailsNarrative" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Share-basedExpenseDetailsNarrative" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#EmployeeBenefitPlansDetailsNarrative" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/EmployeeBenefitPlansDetailsNarrative" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#CommitmentsAndContingenciesDetailsNarrative" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/CommitmentsAndContingenciesDetailsNarrative" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#RelatedPartyTransactionsDetailsNarrative" roleURI="http://xeneticbio.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsDetailsNarrative" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Cover" xlink:title="00000001 - Document - Cover" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheets" xlink:title="00000002 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS">
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapAssetsCurrent" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" />
      <link:calculationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" />
      <link:calculationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapPrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapAssets" />
      <link:calculationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapAssets" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapAssetsCurrent" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapOtherAssetsNoncurrent" />
      <link:calculationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapAssets" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapOtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapAccountsPayableCurrent" />
      <link:calculationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapAccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapAccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:calculationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapAccountsPayableAndOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapLiabilities" />
      <link:calculationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapLiabilities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapStockholdersEquity" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapPreferredStockValue" />
      <link:calculationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapPreferredStockValue" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapCommonStockValue" />
      <link:calculationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapCommonStockValue" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapAdditionalPaidInCapital" />
      <link:calculationArc order="3" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapAdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapRetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" />
      <link:calculationArc order="4" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapRetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" />
      <link:calculationArc order="5" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonValue" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapTreasuryStockCommonValue" />
      <link:calculationArc order="6" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapTreasuryStockCommonValue" xlink:type="arc" weight="-1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapLiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" />
      <link:calculationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapLiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapLiabilities" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapCommitmentsAndContingencies" />
      <link:calculationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapLiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapCommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:calculationArc order="3" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapLiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapStockholdersEquity" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
    </link:calculationLink>
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" xlink:title="00000003 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfOperations" xlink:title="00000004 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS">
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapRevenues" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RoyaltyIncomeNonoperating" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapRoyaltyIncomeNonoperating" />
      <link:calculationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapRevenues" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapRoyaltyIncomeNonoperating" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapOperatingExpenses" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" />
      <link:calculationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapOperatingExpenses" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" />
      <link:calculationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapOperatingExpenses" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapOperatingIncomeLoss" />
      <link:calculationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapOperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapRevenues" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:calculationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapOperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapOperatingExpenses" xlink:type="arc" weight="-1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapNonoperatingIncomeExpense" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" />
      <link:calculationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapInterestIncomeExpenseNet" />
      <link:calculationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapInterestIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapNetIncomeLoss" />
      <link:calculationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapNetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapOperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:calculationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapNetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
    </link:calculationLink>
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfStockholdersEquity" xlink:title="00000005 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS&apos; EQUITY" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" xlink:title="00000006 - Statement - CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS">
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapNetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapNetIncomeLoss" />
      <link:calculationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapNetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapNetIncomeLoss" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapEmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation" />
      <link:calculationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapNetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapEmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherReceivables" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapIncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherReceivables" />
      <link:calculationArc order="3" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapNetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapIncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherReceivables" xlink:type="arc" weight="-1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapIncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" />
      <link:calculationArc order="4" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapNetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapIncreaseDecreaseInOtherNoncurrentAssets" xlink:type="arc" weight="-1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapIncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" />
      <link:calculationArc order="5" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapNetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapIncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapNetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" />
      <link:calculationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapNetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" />
      <link:calculationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapNetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:calculationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapNetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
    </link:calculationLink>
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/role/CybersecurityRiskManagementAndStrategyDisclosure" xlink:title="00000012 - Disclosure - Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Disclosure" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/role/MaterialCybersecurityIncidentDisclosure" xlink:title="00000013 - Disclosure - Material Cybersecurity Incident Disclosure" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Company" xlink:title="999014 - Disclosure - The Company" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/RisksAndUncertainties" xlink:title="999015 - Disclosure - Risks and Uncertainties" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies" xlink:title="999016 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/SignificantStrategicCollaborations" xlink:title="999017 - Disclosure - Significant Strategic Collaborations" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/AccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:title="999018 - Disclosure - Accrued Expenses and other current liabilities" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/FairValueMeasurements" xlink:title="999019 - Disclosure - Fair Value Measurements" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/IncomeTaxes" xlink:title="999020 - Disclosure - Income Taxes" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/StockholdersEquity" xlink:title="999021 - Disclosure - Stockholders&#8217; Equity" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Share-basedExpense" xlink:title="999022 - Disclosure - Share-Based Expense" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/EmployeeBenefitPlans" xlink:title="999023 - Disclosure - Employee Benefit Plans" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:title="999024 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactions" xlink:title="999025 - Disclosure - Related Party Transactions" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/SubsequentEvents" xlink:title="999026 - Disclosure - Subsequent Events" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" xlink:title="999027 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables" xlink:title="999028 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/AccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTables" xlink:title="999029 - Disclosure - Accrued Expenses and other current liabilities (Tables)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/IncomeTaxesTables" xlink:title="999030 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Tables)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Share-basedExpenseTables" xlink:title="999031 - Disclosure - Share-Based Expense (Tables)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetails-ConsolidatedNetLoss" xlink:title="999032 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details - Consolidated net loss)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsNarrative" xlink:title="999033 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/SignificantStrategicCollaborationsDetailsNarrative" xlink:title="999034 - Disclosure - Significant Strategic Collaborations (Details Narrative)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/AccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesDetails-AccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:title="999035 - Disclosure - Accrued Expenses and other current liabilities (Details - Accrued expenses and other current liabilities)">
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapEmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:calculationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapEmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapAccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" />
      <link:calculationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapAccruedProfessionalFeesCurrent" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="xbio-20251231.xsd#xbio_AccruedResearchCosts" xlink:label="loc_xbioAccruedResearchCosts" />
      <link:calculationArc order="3" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_xbioAccruedResearchCosts" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:calculationArc order="4" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapOtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
    </link:calculationLink>
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/AccruedExpensesAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesDetailsNarrative" xlink:title="999036 - Disclosure - Accrued Expenses and other current liabilities (Details Narrative)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails-IncomeByGeographicRegions" xlink:title="999037 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details - Income by geographic regions)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails-IncomeTaxBenefit" xlink:title="999038 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details - Income tax benefit)">
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapIncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" />
      <link:calculationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapIncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" />
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="loc_us-gaapEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" />
      <link:calculationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="loc_us-gaapEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xlink:to="loc_us-gaapEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:type="arc" weight="1" />
    </link:calculationLink>
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails-DeferredTaxAssets" xlink:title="999039 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details - Deferred Tax Assets)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetailsNarrative" xlink:title="999040 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details Narrative)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/StockholdersEquityDetailsNarrative" xlink:title="999041 - Disclosure - Stockholders&#8217; Equity (Details Narrative)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Share-basedExpenseDetails-ShareBasedExpense" xlink:title="999042 - Disclosure - Share-Based Expense (Details - Share based expense)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Share-basedExpenseDetails-AssumptionsEmployee" xlink:title="999043 - Disclosure - Share-Based Expense (Details - Assumptions Employee)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Share-basedExpenseDetails-EmployeeStockOptionActivity" xlink:title="999044 - Disclosure - Share-Based Expense (Details - Employee stock option activity)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Share-basedExpenseDetails-Non-vestedEmployeeOptionActivity" xlink:title="999045 - Disclosure - Share-Based Expense (Details - Non-Vested employee Option activity)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Share-basedExpenseDetails-Non-employeeOptionActivity" xlink:title="999046 - Disclosure - Share-Based Expense (Details - Non-employee option activity)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/Share-basedExpenseDetailsNarrative" xlink:title="999047 - Disclosure - Share-Based Expense (Details Narrative)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/EmployeeBenefitPlansDetailsNarrative" xlink:title="999048 - Disclosure - Employee Benefit Plans (Details Narrative)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/CommitmentsAndContingenciesDetailsNarrative" xlink:title="999049 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative)" />
    <link:calculationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xeneticbio.com/role/RelatedPartyTransactionsDetailsNarrative" xlink:title="999050 - Disclosure - Related Party Transactions (Details Narrative)" />
</link:linkbase>
