<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>  
<!-- Generated by CompSci Transform (tm) - http://www.compsciresources.com -->    
<!-- Created: Wed Mar 11 20:02:57 UTC 2026 -->  
<linkbase xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">    
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2025/ecd-2025.xsd#PvpDisclosure" roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpDisclosure"/> 
  <presentationLink xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpDisclosure" xlink:type="extended">    
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2025/ecd-2025.xsd#ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems"/>  
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="ecd_PvpTable" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2025/ecd-2025.xsd#ecd_PvpTable"/>   
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="us-gaap_Dividends" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_Dividends"/>  
<!-- [WMV6][owrx9rr2j29VTjMPVtwXmQ9q5AcQ6OI+L8ZJ7S56lCT7Uc7m3Y/RdTg8cjpApBf2g69kKDKJqpBvpRqMwX82D9BKJjeu4IT7yvxcnsGOXbkUyWg5lM2exTp+CLjWQlP2GHgc0or4OiBKcidIVDlHOxKM18pciRUb+lisdCGH2oEs2AFjv4wF+inp/Y2A2ap4QxGKNoYH6tkATYGnwapfke8kkyWolxCwdRQdGat/NhTB3gCe3NbIDwpJOmhHJduWckeLiMeieoO9vAnffkXjlQWcj1x3FZdn0kFubeQkYT34Ys0SNUBQoWoA8Ls/ugQ1c/L4gm2SSwZ/ukDO/xqhoWDJdLkQH54H8FDbS4s=] CSR--> 
    <presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_Dividends" order="101" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label"/>    
  </presentationLink>  
</linkbase>
