v3.25.4
Income Taxes (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of components of income (loss) before the income tax provision (benefit)
The components of loss before the income tax provision consist of the following:
 Year Ended
December 31,
 20252024
United States$(56,242,571)$(27,495,672)
Foreign323,157 938,620 
Pre-tax loss from operations
$(55,919,414)$(26,557,052)
The components of the income tax expense consisted of the following:
Year Ended December 31,
Current income tax expense20252024
Federal$— $— 
State5,400 10,071 
Foreign— — 
Total current income tax expense$5,400 $10,071 
Schedule for significant portions of deferred income tax assets
The tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to significant portions of the deferred income tax assets as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:
 As of December 31,
Current deferred tax assets and (liabilities):20252024
Net operating loss$50,218,210 $41,627,022 
Capital loss carryforwards9,348,531 14,986,412 
Contingent legal accrual434,504 381,938 
Depreciation 42,221 477,024 
Amortization2,298 2,606 
Research and development credits4,953,892 4,112,293 
Capitalized research and development costs7,101,851 4,708,931 
Lease liability57,466 95,674 
State taxes714 1,092 
Stock-based compensation
1,899,512 1,174,967 
Other331,584 270,088 
Gross deferred tax assets74,390,783 67,838,047 
Valuation allowance(74,334,787)(67,743,575)
Net deferred tax assets$55,996 $94,472 
Deferred tax liabilities
Right-of-use asset$(55,996)$(94,472)
Total deferred tax liabilities(55,996)(94,472)
Net deferred tax assets$— $— 
Schedule of provision for income taxes on earnings subject to income taxes differs from the statutory Federal rate
A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes to the amount computed by applying the 21% statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes after the adoption of ASU 2023-09 is as follows:

 As of December 31, 2025
 Tax at Statutory Rate (11,743,077)21.00 %
 State and local income tax, net of federal income tax effect [a] 4,265 (0.01)%
 Tax credits (695,831)1.24 %
 Change in valuation allowance 11,477,094 (20.52)%
 Nondeductible executive compensation under 162(m) 740,965 (1.33)%
 Other 175,360 (0.31)%
 Nontaxable or nondeductible items, Total 916,325 (1.64)%
 Foreign tax effects
 Canada
 Change in valuation allowance (5,030,006)9.00 %
 Change in foreign currency valuation (1,057,734)1.89 %
 Capital loss carryforwards no longer available 6,089,631 (10.89)%
 Other (78,645)0.14 %
 Other foreign jurisdictions 8,892 (0.02)%
 Foreign tax effects, Total (67,862)0.12 %
 Other 114,486 (0.20)%
 Total $5,400 (0.01)%
[a] The State of California comprises greater than 50 percent of the state tax expense for the period ended December 31, 2025.

The provision for income taxes on earnings subject to income taxes differs from the statutory Federal rate at December 31, 2024, due to the following:
 
As of December 31,
 2024
Expected income tax benefit at federal statutory tax rate$(5,576,981)
State income taxes, net of federal benefit(1,871,588)
Change in valuation allowance2,522,618 
Uncertain tax positions2,562,991 
Reduction in deferreds upon divestiture 839,873 
Stock compensation(46,422)
Research and development credits(1,374,591)
Rate adjustment6,070 
Foreign rate differential2,396,433 
162(m) officers compensation
460,853 
Other90,815 
Provision for income taxes$10,071 
Schedule of reconciliation of beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax positions
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax positions are as follows:
 As of December 31,
 20252024
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of the year
$9,498,441 $6,432,143 
Gross increase – current period tax positions
5,033,976 3,073,575 
Gross decrease – prior period tax positions(397)(7,277)
Unrecognized tax benefits, end of year
$14,532,020 $9,498,441