Exhibit 4.2
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
The following is a description of the capital stock of Voyager Technologies, Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our”) and certain provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), our Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”), and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”). This description is summarized from, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, copies of which have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and the applicable provisions of the DGCL. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, as applicable.
Our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes capital stock consisting of:
•450,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of which 400,000,000 shares will be designated as Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 50,000,000 shares will be designated as Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value per share ; and
•50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share.
The following summary describes the material provisions of our capital stock. We urge you to read our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, which are included as exhibits to our Form 10-K.
Certain provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws summarized below may be deemed to have an anti-takeover effect and may delay or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that a stockholder might consider in its best interest, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of Class A common stock.
Common Stock
We have two series of authorized common stock: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The rights of holders of shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting, conversion and transfer rights.
Voting Rights
Holders of shares of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders.
Holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to 15 votes per share on any matter submitted to our stockholders.
Holders of shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock vote together as a single class on all matters (including the election of directors) submitted to a vote of stockholders, unless otherwise required by Delaware law or our Certificate of Incorporation.
Under Delaware law, holders of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock are entitled to vote as a separate class if a proposed amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation would increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of such class, increase or decrease the par value of the shares of such class, or alter or change the powers, preferences, or special rights of the shares of such class so as to affect them adversely. As a result, in these limited instances, the holders of a majority of the Class A common stock could defeat any amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation. For example, if a proposed amendment of our Certificate of Incorporation provided for the Class A common stock to rank junior to the Class B common stock with respect to (1) any dividend or distribution, (2) the distribution of proceeds were we to be acquired, or (3) any other right, Delaware law would require the vote of the Class A common stock. In this instance, the holders of a majority of Class A common stock could defeat that amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation.
Our Certificate of Incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting for the election of directors.
Dividends
Holders of shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock are entitled to receive ratably those dividends, if any, as may be declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available therefor, subject to any statutory or contractual restrictions on the payment of dividends and to any restrictions on the payment of dividends imposed by the terms of any outstanding preferred stock.
Liquidation
In the event of our dissolution or liquidation, after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidation preferences, if any, the holders of shares of our Class A common stock are entitled to share ratably in the remaining assets legally available for distribution.
Holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock are not entitled to preemptive rights and are not subject to subscription, conversion, redemption or sinking fund provisions, except for the conversion provisions with respect to the Class B common stock described below. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our Class A common stock or Class B common stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock are subject to and may be adversely affected by the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock that we may designate in the future.
Conversion
Each outstanding share of our Class B common stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into one share of our Class A common stock. In addition, each share of our Class B common stock will convert automatically into one share of our Class A common stock upon any transfer, whether or not for value, except for certain permitted transfers described in our Certificate of Incorporation, including transfers to immediate family members (including upon the Company's CEO and Chairman Dylan Taylor’s death), trusts (including grantor retained annuity trusts) for which the stockholder or their immediate family member serves as trustee, and partnerships, corporations, and other entities exclusively owned by Dylan Taylor or his immediate family. All of the outstanding shares of Class B common stock will convert automatically into shares of Class A common stock upon the earliest to occur: (i) the date that is fixed by our board of directors that is no less than 61 days and no more than 180 days following the date Mr. Taylor is no longer providing services to us as an executive officer or member of our board of directors; (ii) a date that is fixed by our board of directors that is no less than 61 days and no more than 180 days following the death or incapacity of Mr. Taylor, (iii) the first trading day following the seventh anniversary of our initial public offering and (iv) the date on which the number of shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock beneficially owned by Mr. Taylor and Mr. Taylor’s permitted transferees (including shares underlying outstanding options) represents less than 50% of the shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock beneficially owned by Mr. Taylor on the closing date of our initial public offering. Once converted or transferred and converted into our Class A common stock, the Class B common stock will not be reissued.
Fully Paid and Nonassessable
All shares of our Class A common stock outstanding are fully paid and non-assessable.
Preferred Stock
Our board of directors is authorized to direct us to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series without stockholder approval. Our board of directors has the discretion to determine the rights, powers, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences, of each series of preferred stock.
The purpose of authorizing our board of directors to issue preferred stock and determine its rights and preferences is to eliminate delays associated with a stockholder vote on specific issuances. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions, future financings and other corporate purposes, could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third-party to acquire, or could discourage a third-party from seeking to acquire, a majority of our outstanding voting stock. Additionally, the issuance of preferred stock may adversely affect the holders of our Class A common stock by restricting dividends on the Class A common stock, diluting the voting power of the common stock or subordinating the liquidation rights of the
common stock. As a result of these or other factors, the issuance of preferred stock could have an adverse impact on the market price of our Class A common stock.
Forum Selection
Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that, unless we consent to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Court of Chancery”) is the sole and exclusive forum for: (a) any derivative action, suit, or proceeding brought on our behalf; (b) any action, suit, or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our current or former directors, officers or other employees or stockholder to us or to our stockholders, creditors or other constituents; (c) any action, suit, or proceeding asserting a claim arising pursuant to the DGCL, our Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, or as to which the DGCL confers exclusive jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery; or (d) any action, suit, or proceeding asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, unless the Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, the federal district court of the District of Delaware or other state courts of the State of Delaware; provided that the exclusive forum provisions will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), or to any claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.
Furthermore, Section 22 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such Securities Act claims. To prevent having to litigate claims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of inconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other considerations, our Certificate of Incorporation further provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the federal district courts of the United States of America are the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act; however, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provision, and investors cannot waive compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Nothing in our Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws preclude stockholders that assert claims under the Exchange Act from bringing such claims in state or federal court, subject to applicable law.
Although we believe the provision benefits us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law in the types of lawsuits to which it applies, the provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders, which may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits with respect to such claims or make such lawsuits more costly for stockholders. However, our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
Dividends
Declaration and payment of any dividend is subject to the discretion of our board of directors. The time and amount of dividends is dependent upon, among other things, our business prospects, results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements and availability, debt repayment obligations, capital expenditure needs, contractual restrictions, covenants in the agreements governing our current and future indebtedness, industry trends, the provisions of Delaware law affecting the payment of dividends and distributions to stockholders and any other factors or considerations our board of directors may regard as relevant. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business, and therefore do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
Registration Rights
Resale Registration Rights
In connection with our initial public offering, all outstanding shares of our Class A-1 Preferred Stock, Class B Preferred Stock and Class C Preferred Stock was converted into an aggregate of 27,812,820 shares of Class A common stock, and subsequently such shares of Class A-1 Preferred Stock, Class B Preferred Stock and Class C Preferred Stock were cancelled. (the “Preferred Stock Recapitalization”). Pursuant to the certificates of designation for such Class A-1 Preferred Stock and Class B Preferred Stock, we have granted the holders of such shares of
preferred stock certain resale registration rights with respect to shares of Class A common stock that such holders received in the Preferred Stock Recapitalization. The certificates of designation also provide that we will pay certain expenses relating to such registrations.
Piggyback Registration Rights
If we propose to register the offer and sale of any securities under the Securities Act in connection with an opportunity to register any of our securities that is given to any other holder of our securities, the holders of warrants to purchase 202,800 of our Class A common stock, including holders who have already exercised certain of those warrants shares, are entitled to certain “piggyback” registration rights. allowing such holder to include its shares of Class A common stock that it would receive upon exercise of such warrant in such registration.
In addition, if we propose to register the offer and sale of our Class A common stock under the Securities Act, in connection with the public offering of such Class A common stock, the holder of warrants to purchase 875,592 shares of our Class A common stock is entitled to certain “piggyback” registration rights allowing the holder to include its shares of Class A common stock that it would receive upon exercise of such warrant in such registration, subject to certain marketing and other limitations. As a result, whenever we propose to file a registration statement under the Securities Act, other than with respect to (i) a registration related to any employee benefit plan or a corporate reorganization or other transaction covered by Rule 145 promulgated under the Securities Act or (ii) a registration statement on Form S-4, Form S-8, or any successor form thereto or another form not available for the registration of such shares of Class A common stock, the holders of these shares are entitled to notice of the registration and have the right, subject to certain limitations, to include their shares in the registration.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws contain provisions that may delay, defer or discourage another party from acquiring control of us. We expect that these provisions, which are summarized below, will discourage coercive takeover practices or inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors, which we believe may result in an improvement of the terms of any such acquisition in favor of our stockholders. However, they also give our board of directors the power to discourage acquisitions that some stockholders may favor.
Classified Board of Directors
Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that our board of directors is divided into three classes, with the number of directors in each class being as nearly equal in number as possible. The directors in each class serve for a three-year term, one class being elected each year by our stockholders, with staggered terms. Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that directors may only be removed from our board of directors for cause by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the voting power of all then outstanding shares of voting stock entitled to vote thereon. These provisions may have the effect of deferring, delaying or discouraging hostile takeovers, or changes in control of us or our management.
Special Meetings of Stockholders
Our Bylaws provide that only the chairperson of our board of directors or a majority of our board of directors may call special meetings of our stockholders, thus prohibiting a stockholder from calling a special meeting. These provisions might delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or for stockholders controlling a majority of our capital stock to take any action, including the removal of directors.
Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations
In addition, our Bylaws establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting or special meeting of stockholders, including proposed nominations of candidates for election to our board of directors. Generally, in order for any such matter to be “properly brought” before a meeting, the matter must be (a) specified in a notice of meeting given by or at the direction of our board of directors, (b) if not specified in a notice of meeting, otherwise brought before the meeting by our board of directors, or (c) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder present in person who (1) was a record owner of shares both at the time of giving the notice and at the time of the meeting, (2) is entitled to vote at the meeting, and (3) has complied with the advance notice procedures specified in the Bylaws or properly made such proposal in accordance with Rule
14a-8 under the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. Further, for such matter to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must (a) provide Timely Notice (as defined below) thereof in writing and in proper form to the secretary and (b) provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by our Bylaws. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, our principal executive offices not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the one-year anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that if the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date, to be timely, notice by the stockholder must be so delivered, or mailed and received, not later than the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or, if later, the 10th day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting was first made (such notice within such time periods, “Timely Notice”).
Stockholders at an annual meeting or special meeting may only consider proposals or nominations specified in the notice of meeting or brought before the meeting by or at the direction of our board of directors or by a qualified stockholder of record on the record date for the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has delivered timely written notice in proper form to our secretary of the stockholder’s intention to bring such business before the meeting. These provisions could have the effect of delaying stockholder actions that are favored by the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities until the next stockholder meeting.
Elimination of Stockholder Action by Written Consent
Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws will eliminate the right of stockholders to act by written consent without a meeting following the first date on which we cease to have shares of Class B common stock outstanding.
Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws
Our Bylaws may be amended or repealed by a majority vote of our board of directors or by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes which all of our stockholders would be eligible to cast in an election of directors. The affirmative vote of a majority of our board of directors and two-thirds in voting power of the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon is required to amend our Certificate of Incorporation.
Section 203 of the DGCL
We are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL. In general, Section 203 prohibits a public Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years after the time of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless:
•the business combination or transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder was approved by the board of directors prior to the time that the stockholder became an interested stockholder;
•upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding shares owned by directors who are also officers of the corporation and shares owned by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or
•at or subsequent to the time the stockholder became an interested stockholder, the business combination was approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66⅔% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.
In general, Section 203 defines a “business combination” to include mergers, asset sales and other transactions resulting in financial benefit to a stockholder and an “interested stockholder” as a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or, if such person is an affiliate or associate of the corporation, within three years did own, 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock. These provisions may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing changes in control of our Company.
Limitations on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors
Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws provide indemnification and advancement of expenses for our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, subject to certain limited exceptions. We are a party to indemnification agreements with our directors and each of our executive officers. In some cases, the provisions of our indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers may be broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained under Delaware law. In addition, as permitted by Delaware law, our Certificate of Incorporation includes provisions that eliminate the personal liability of our directors for monetary damages resulting from breaches of certain fiduciary duties as a director. The effect of this provision is to restrict our rights and the rights of our stockholders in derivative suits to recover monetary damages against a director for breach of fiduciary duties as a director. This provision does not, however, eliminate the personal liability of our directors for monetary damages resulting from: (1) breach of the director’s duty of loyalty, (2) acts or omissions not in good faith that involve intentional misconduct or knowing violation of law, (3) an unlawful payment of dividends or an unlawful stock purchase or redemption, or (4) any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.
These provisions may be held not to be enforceable for violations of the federal securities laws of the United States.
Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment
Under the DGCL, with certain exceptions, our stockholders have appraisal rights in connection with our merger or consolidation. Pursuant to the Section 262 of the DGCL, stockholders who properly demand and perfect appraisal rights in connection with such merger or consolidation will have the right to receive payment of the fair value of their shares as determined by the Court of Chancery.
Stockholders’ Derivative Actions
Under the DGCL, any of our stockholders may bring an action in our name to procure a judgment in our favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that the stockholder bringing the action is a holder of our shares at the time of the transaction to which the action relates.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our Class A common stock and Class B common stock is Equiniti Trust Company, LLC.
Trading Symbol and Market
Our Class A common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “VOYG.”