Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of our goodwill balance (in thousands):


	December 31, 2024
Beginning balance	$	631,995
Impairment expense	(635,391)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	3,396
Ending balance	$	—

As of December 31, 2024, the carrying amount of goodwill was fully impaired. In September 2024 and June 2024, in consideration of the sustained decline in our stock price, industry developments, and our financial performance, we evaluated our current operating performance. Accordingly, we determined that there were indicators of impairment and a quantitative assessment was necessary. In the quantitative assessment, we estimated the fair value of our reporting unit utilizing an income approach, based on the present value of future discounted cash flows, which is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Significant estimates used to determine fair value include the weighted average cost of capital, growth rates, and amount and timing of expected future cash flows. As a result of the quantitative assessment, we determined that goodwill was impaired as the fair value of our reporting unit was less than the carrying value. As such, during the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded impairment expense of $635.4 million equal to the excess of the carrying value of our reporting unit over the estimated fair value, limited to the remaining balance of goodwill, which was classified as impairment expense on our consolidated statements of operations.

The following table presents our intangible assets balances (in thousands, except weighted-average amortization period):


	December 31, 2025
	Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in months)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Accumulated Impairment		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		Net Carrying Amount
Developed technologies	80	$	106,703	$	(67,335)	$	(29,369)	$	(3,958)	$	6,041
Content libraries	60	12,230		(12,230)		—		—		—
Customer lists	35	34,190		(32,892)		—		(1,298)		—
Trade and domain names	52	16,213		(13,343)		(2,493)		(377)		—


Total intangible assets	67	$	169,336	$	(125,800)	$	(31,862)	$	(5,633)	$	6,041


	December 31, 2024
	Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in months)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Accumulated Impairment		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		Net Carrying Amount
Developed technologies	80	$	106,703	$	(63,029)	$	(29,369)	$	(3,958)	$	10,347
Content libraries	60	12,230		(12,230)		—		—		—
Customer lists	35	34,190		(32,892)		—		(1,298)		—
Trade and domain names	52	16,213		(13,343)		(2,493)		(377)		—


Total intangible assets	67	$	169,336	$	(121,494)	$	(31,862)	$	(5,633)	$	10,347

During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, intangible assets amortization expense was $4.3 million, $10.0 million and $24.4 million, respectively.

In conjunction with our goodwill impairment analysis in June 2024, we determined that there were indicators of impairment for our Busuu intangible assets and a recoverability test was necessary. In the recoverability test, we determined

that the expected future undiscounted cash flows for the asset group were not sufficient to recover the carrying value. We then proceeded in estimating the fair value of the asset group utilizing the income approach, based on a present value of future discounted cash flows, which is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Significant estimates used to determine fair value include the growth rates and amount and timing of expected future cash flows. As a result of the impairment test, we determined the asset group was impaired and recorded a $31.9 million impairment expense related to the intangible assets during the year ended December 31, 2024, which was classified as impairment expense on our consolidated statements of operations.

The following table presents the estimated future intangible assets amortization expense (in thousands):


	December 31, 2025
2026	3,831
2027	1,776
2028	407
2029	27
Total	$	6,041