v3.25.4
Income taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Major components of tax expense (income) [abstract]  
Income taxes
25
Income taxes
 
  (a)
Measurement of results for tax purposes
 
The Company measures its results for tax purposes in United States dollar, as stipulated by the relevant regulations. The Company and its Israeli subsidiaries are taxed under the Israeli Income Tax ordinance – 1961, for which the relevant tax rate during the years 2023-2025 is 23%.
 
Non-Israeli subsidiaries are taxed under the laws in their countries of residence.
 
Pillar Two legislation has been enacted or substantively enacted in certain jurisdictions in which the Group operates. The legislation became effective for the Group’s financial year beginning January 1, 2024. The Group is in scope of the enacted or substantively enacted legislation and has performed an assessment of the Group’s potential exposure to Pillar Two income taxes. This assessment is based on the most recent tax filings, country-by-country reporting and financial statements for the constituent entities of the Group. Based on the assessment, the Pillar Two effective tax rates in most of the jurisdictions in which the Group operates are above 15%. Although, there is a limited number of jurisdictions where the Transitional Safe Harbour relief does not apply, the Group does not expect any material potential exposure to Pillar Two Top-Up Taxes, given the status of Pillar Two legislation adoption in the jurisdictions in which the group operates.
 
   
2025
   
2024
   
2023
 
   
US $ in millions
 
Current tax expenses
                 
Current year
   
27.2
     
31.2
     
26.0
 
Taxes in respect of previous years
   
(1.8
)
   
0.7
     
2.5
 
     
25.4
     
31.9
     
28.5
 
                         
Deferred tax expenses
                       
Origination and reversal of temporary differences
   
151.6
     
19.3
     
(156.1
)
Total income taxes in income statements
   
177.0
     
51.2
     
(127.6
)

 

  (b)
Reconciliation of effective tax rate
 
The reconciliation is based on the Company’s domestic tax rate.
 
   
2025
   
2024
   
2023
 
   
US $ in millions
 
                   
Profit (loss) for the year
   
481.5
     
2,153.8
     
(2,687.9
)
Income taxes
   
177.0
     
51.2
     
(127.6
)
Profit (loss) excluding income taxes
   
658.5
     
2,205.0
     
(2,815.5
)
                         
Income tax using the domestic corporation tax rate
   
151.4
     
507.2
     
(647.6
)
Current year losses and other temporary differences
                       
   for which no deferred tax asset was recognized
   
2.4
             
488.7
 
Utilization of carried forward tax losses for which no
                       
 deferred tax assets were recognized
           
(471.0
)
       
Effect of tax rates in foreign jurisdictions
   
5.6
     
9.2
     
7.4
 
Non-deductible expenses
   
3.5
     
0.2
     
5.8
 
Effect of different tax rates on specific gains
   
14.8
     
5.7
     
15.2
 
Effect of share of profits (losses) of associates
   
0.6
     
(0.5
)
   
1.8
 
Other
   
(1.3
)
   
0.4
     
1.1
 
     
177.0
     
51.2
     
(127.6
)
 
  (c)
Deferred tax assets and liabilities
 
  (i)
Recognized deferred tax assets and liabilities
 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are attributable to the following:
 
   
Assets
   
Liabilities
   
Net
 
   
2025
   
2024
   
2025
   
2024
   
2025
   
2024
 
   
US $ in millions
 
                                     
Fixed assets (including right of use assets) (*)
               
(799.9
)
   
(591.7
)
   
(799.9
)
   
(591.7
)
Financial instruments and lease liabilities
   
533.4
     
549.4
                     
533.4
     
549.4
 
Employee benefits
   
18.7
     
13.4
                     
18.7
     
13.4
 
Tax losses carry-forwards
   
58.3
     
0.5
                     
58.3
     
0.5
 
Other items
   
12.5
     
8.3
                     
12.5
     
8.3
 
                                                 
Net deferred tax assets
                                               
  (liabilities)
   
622.9
     
571.6
     
(799.9
)
   
(591.7
)
   
(177.0
)
   
(20.1
)
                                                 
Net deferred tax assets recognized
  in the statement of the financial
  position
                                   
9.2
     
7.5
 
Net deferred tax liabilities
  recognized in the statement
  of the financial position
                                   
(186.2
)
   
(27.6
)
                                     
(177.0
)
   
(20.1
)
 
(*)    In accordance with Israeli Income Tax Regulations, the Group is entitled to deduct depreciation for vessels and related equipment at a higher rate than recorded in its financial statements.
 
 
(ii)
Unrecognized deferred tax assets
 
On December 31, 2025 the group had carry forward tax losses in the amount of US$ 345 million (2024: US$ 89 million, 2023: US$ 1,003 million).
 
Deferred tax assets in the amount of US$ 22 million at December 31, 2025 (2024: US$ 20 million, 2023: US$ 483 million) have not been recognized in respect of the tax losses and other temporary differences, since it is not probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the Group can utilize the benefits therefrom. Under existing Israeli tax laws, there is no time limit for utilizing tax losses.
 
  (d)
Movement in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the year

 

   
Fixed assets (including right of use assets)
   

Financial Instruments and lease liabilities

   
Employee
benefits
   
Accumulated
tax losses
   
Other
items
   
Total
 
   
US $ in millions
 
Balance at January 1, 2025
   
(591.7
)
   
549.4
     
13.4
     
0.5
     
8.3
     
(20.1
)
Recognized in profit or loss
   
(208.1
)
   
(11.3
)
   
5.3
     
57.8
     
4.8
     
(151.5
)
Recognized in other
                                               
  comprehensive income
   
(0.1
)
   
(4.7
)
                   
(0.6
)
   
(5.4
)
Balance at December 31, 2025
   
(799.9
)
   
533.4
     
18.7
     
58.3
     
12.5
     
(177.0
)
 
   
Fixed assets (including right of use assets)
   
Financial Instruments and lease liabilities
   
Employee
benefits
   
Accumulated
tax losses
   
Other
items
   
Total
 
   
US $ in millions
 
Balance at January 1, 2024
   
(428.9
)
   
405.0
     
13.4
     
0.4
     
6.6
     
(3.5
)
Recognized in profit or loss
   
(162.8
)
   
141.5
     
0.3
     
0.1
     
1.6
     
(19.3
)
Recognized in other
                                               
  comprehensive income
           
2.9
     
(0.3
)
           
0.1
     
2.7
 
Balance at December 31, 2024
   
(591.7
)
   
549.4
     
13.4
     
0.5
     
8.3
     
(20.1
)
 
  (e)
Tax assessments
 
The tax assessments of the Company through (and including) the year 2020 are considered to be final.