Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:

Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-291418) and related Prospectus of Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. for the registration of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, depositary shares, subscription rights, warrants, purchase contracts, and units,
Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-207958) pertaining to the 2014 Stock Option and Grant Plan, the 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, and the 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of Voyager Therapeutics, Inc.,
Registration Statements (Form S-8 Nos. 333-210258, 333-216699, 333-223638, 333-236870, 333-263356 and 333-285710) pertaining to the 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan and the 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of Voyager Therapeutics, Inc.,
Registration Statements (Form S-8 Nos. 333-229891, 333-253549, 333-270317 and 333-277474) pertaining to the 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, the 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, the Inducement Stock Option Grant Awards and the Inducement Restricted Stock Unit Awards of Voyager Therapeutics, Inc.,
Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-281285) pertaining to Inducement Stock Option Grant Awards and Inducement Restricted Stock Unit Awards of Voyager Therapeutics, Inc., and
Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-287879) pertaining to the 2025 Stock Incentive Plan of Voyager Therapeutics, Inc.;

of our reports dated March 9, 2026, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2025.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

March 9, 2026