Research and development costs consist of personnel and related expenses for technology, application, and product development, depreciation and amortization, laboratory supplies, consulting services, computational and data storage fees paid to hosting providers related to research and development, and allocated overhead costs. These costs are stated net of government grants for research and development and innovation received as tax credits and net of capitalized costs.

The Company receives government grants in France for research and development and innovation by way of tax credits. Total government grants for research and development and innovation recognized in the statement of loss amounts to $1.0 million, $0.7 million, and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

Selling and marketing costs consist of personnel and related expenses for the employees of the sales and marketing organization, costs of communications materials that are produced to generate greater awareness and utilization of the platform among customers, costs of third-party market research, costs related to transportation and distribution of products and allocated overhead costs, and commissions to sales employees. The Company also records increases to, reversals of, and write-offs of the allowance for expected credit losses to selling and marketing costs.

The Company pays sales commission to its employees for obtaining contracts. These costs are expensed as part of employee compensation in selling and marketing costs. The portion of commission payments to employees where the amortization period is greater than one year are capitalized and expensed as the associated revenue is recognized, see Note 14 — “Prepaids and other current assets” and Note 18 — “Other non-current assets” for the amounts capitalized.

General and administrative costs consist of personnel and related expenses for executive, accounting and finance, legal, quality, support and human resources functions, depreciation and amortization, professional

services fees incurred by these functions, general corporate costs and allocated overhead costs, which include occupancy costs and information technology costs.


	For the year ended December 31,
	2025				2024				2023
	Depreciation		Amortization		Depreciation		Amortization		Depreciation		Amortization
Cost of revenue	$	—	$	(5,266)	$	—	$	(3,524)	$	—	$	(2,099)
Research and development costs	(1,649)		—		(1,961)		—		(2,494)		—
Selling and marketing costs	(1,226)		—		(1,349)		—		(1,468)		—
General and administrative costs	(1,101)		(287)		(1,265)		(497)		(1,546)		(729)
Total	$	(3,976)	$	(5,553)	$	(4,575)	$	(4,021)	$	(5,508)	$	(2,828)

The table presents employee costs by function, which consists of “Employee benefit expenses”, “Social charges” and “Share-based compensation” (in USD thousands):


	For the year ended December 31,
	2025		2024		2023
Cost of revenue	3,200		2,247		2,660
Research and development costs	31,638		31,321		31,280
Selling and marketing costs	25,089		20,038		20,174
General and administrative costs	33,730		32,543		36,067
Total	$	93,657	$	86,149	$	90,181

The Company has made adjustments to previously reported employee benefit expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 to include $2.2 million and $2.7 million, respectively, of employee benefit expenses included in cost of revenue to correct for immaterial misstatements.