The Company held equity securities with fair values of $4,588,000 and $4,445,000 at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The gross realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized on equity securities with readily determinable fair values in noninterest income in the Company’s consolidated statements of income were as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Equity Securities without readily determinable fair value, at cost	$	75,499	$	71,807
Upward adjustments based on observable price changes, cumulative	10,163		10,163
Impairments and downward adjustments based on observable price changes, cumulative	$	(1,212)	$	—
Equity Securities without readily determinable fair value, carrying value	$	84,450	$	81,970

Equity securities without readily determinable fair values include Federal Home Loan Bank and other restricted stock, which are reported separately in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values also include the Company's investments in the common stock of Trax Group, Inc. and Warehouse Solutions Inc., discussed below, and other investments, which are included in other assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.


	Year Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2025		2024		2023
Unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities still held at the reporting date	$	(1,212)	$	—	$	—
Realized gains (losses) on equity securities sold during the period	89		534		—
	$	(1,123)	$	534	$	—

On June 22, 2023, the Company made a minority investment in Trax Group, Inc. ("Trax"), a leader in transportation spend management solutions. The investment in Trax is accounted for as an equity investment without a readily determinable fair value measured under the measurement alternative and is included in other assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The Company's investment in Trax totaled $9,700,000 at December 31, 2025 and 2024 and has been allocated to the Payments segment.

The Company has an 18% equity investment in Warehouse Solutions Inc. ("WSI"). The investment in WSI is accounted for as an equity investment without readily determinable fair value measured under the measurement alternative and is included in other assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The Company's investment in WSI totaled $38,088,000 at December 31, 2025 and 2024 and has been allocated to the Payments segment.

Debt securities have been classified in the financial statements as available for sale or held to maturity. The following table summarizes the amortized cost, fair value, and allowance for credit losses of debt securities and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses of available for sale securities recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and gross unrecognized gains and losses of held to maturity securities:


(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair Value
December 31, 2025
Available for sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities, residential	$	91,642	$	462	$	(3,604)	$	—	$	88,500
Asset-backed securities	812		—		(1)		—		811
State and municipal	2,638		—		(49)		—		2,589
CLO Securities	270,148		926		—		—		271,074
Corporate bonds	265		—		(2)		—		263
SBA pooled securities	1,079		10		(49)		—		1,040
Total available for sale securities	$	366,584	$	1,398	$	(3,705)	$	—	$	364,277


(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrecognized Gains		Gross Unrecognized Losses		Fair Value
December 31, 2025
Held to maturity securities:
CLO securities	$	3,178	$	—	$	(1,300)	$	1,878
Allowance for credit losses	(1,628)
Total held to maturity securities, net of ACL	$	1,550


(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Fair Value
December 31, 2024
Available for sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities, residential	$	89,740	$	89	$	(5,644)	$	—	$	84,185
Asset-backed securities	907		—		(2)		—		905
State and municipal	3,154		—		(91)		—		3,063
CLO Securities	290,286		1,627		—		—		291,913
Corporate bonds	266		—		(4)		—		262
SBA pooled securities	1,305		9		(81)		—		1,233
Total available for sale securities	$	385,658	$	1,725	$	(5,822)	$	—	$	381,561


(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrecognized Gains		Gross Unrecognized Losses		Fair Value
December 31, 2024
Held to maturity securities:
CLO securities	$	5,367	$	—	$	(2,853)	$	2,514
Allowance for credit losses	(3,491)
Total held to maturity securities, net of ACL	$	1,876

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at December 31, 2025, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.


	Available for Sale Securities				Held to Maturity Securities
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Due from one year to five years	2,134		2,118		3,178		1,878
Due from five years to ten years	33,336		33,377		—		—
Due after ten years	237,581		238,431		—		—
	273,051		273,926		3,178		1,878
Mortgage-backed securities, residential	91,642		88,500		—		—
Asset-backed securities	812		811		—		—
SBA pooled securities	1,079		1,040		—		—
	$	366,584	$	364,277	$	3,178	$	1,878

The following table summarizes available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position:


	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2025
Available for sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities, residential	$	14,533	$	(85)	$	30,284	$	(3,519)	$	44,817	$	(3,604)
Asset-backed securities	811		(1)		—		—		811		(1)
State and municipal	505		—		1,544		(49)		2,049		(49)
CLO Securities	—		—		—		—		—		—
Corporate bonds	—		—		263		(2)		263		(2)
SBA pooled securities	—		—		747		(49)		747		(49)
Total available for sale securities	$	15,849	$	(86)	$	32,838	$	(3,619)	$	48,687	$	(3,705)


	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2024
Available for sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities, residential	32,124		(641)		35,340		(5,003)		67,464		(5,644)
Asset-backed securities	—		—		905		(2)		905		(2)
State and municipal	355		(5)		2,356		(86)		2,711		(91)
CLO Securities	—		—		—		—		—		—
Corporate bonds	262		(4)		—		—		262		(4)
SBA pooled securities	—		—		876		(81)		876		(81)
Total available for sale securities	$	32,741	$	(650)	$	39,477	$	(5,172)	$	72,218	$	(5,822)

Management evaluates available for sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions to determine whether the impairment is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Consideration is given to (1) the extent to which the fair value is less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

At December 31, 2025, the Company had 70 available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position without an allowance for credit losses. Management does not have the intent to sell any of these securities and believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell any such securities before a recovery of cost. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity date or repricing date or if market yields for such investments decline. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2025, management believes that the unrealized losses detailed in the previous table are due to noncredit-related factors, including changes in interest rates and other market conditions, and therefore no losses have been recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.


(Dollars in thousands)	Year Ended December 31,
Held to Maturity CLO Securities	2025		2024		2023
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance	$	3,491	$	3,190	$	2,444
Credit loss expense (benefit)	277		301		746
Charge-offs	(2,160)		—		—
Recoveries	20		—		—
Allowance for credit losses ending balance	$	1,628	$	3,491	$	3,190

The Company’s held to maturity securities are investments in the unrated subordinated notes of collateralized loan obligation funds. These securities are the junior-most in securitization capital structures, and are subject to suspension of distributions if the credit of the underlying loan portfolios deteriorates materially. The ACL on held to maturity securities is estimated at each measurement date on a collective basis by major security type. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s held to maturity securities consisted of investments in the subordinated notes of collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”) funds. Expected credit losses for these securities are estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology which considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Ultimately, the realized cash flows on CLO securities such as these will be driven by a variety of factors, including credit performance of the underlying loan portfolio, adjustments to the portfolio by the asset manager, and the timing of a potential call. As of December 31, 2025, $1,913,000 of the Company’s held to maturity securities were classified as nonaccrual.