We periodically take action to improve operating efficiencies, typically in connection with business acquisitions or changes in the economic environment. Our footprint and headcount reductions and organizational integration actions relate to discrete, unique restructuring events, primarily reflected in the following plans:

In Q4 2025, the Company committed to a multi-region footprint optimization plan as part of an effort to reduce complexity. The plan includes severance and impairment charges. Total costs for these actions were $43 million, of which we incurred $7 million in employee termination costs and $36 million in asset impairments. The majority of these costs resulted in non-cash charges, with the cash settlements being paid in 2025.

Previously in 2025, the Company committed to workforce reduction plans globally, in an effort to reduce complexity and simplify our organization. Total costs for these actions were $20 million which were primarily employee termination costs. The majority of these costs resulted in cash settlements in 2025.

In March 2024, the Company committed to workforce reduction plans in the United States and globally, in an effort to reduce complexity and simplify our organizational model after the European

major domestic appliance transaction. The workforce reduction plans included involuntary severance actions as of the end of the first quarter of 2024. Total costs for these actions were $21 million, of which we incurred $14 million in employee termination costs and $7 million other associated costs. The majority of these costs resulted in cash settlements in 2024, and the remainder was paid in 2025.

During the second quarter of 2024, the Company evaluated additional restructuring actions as part of the Company's organizational simplification efforts. Total costs for these actions were $58 million, which were primarily employee termination costs. The majority of these costs resulted in cash settlements in 2024, and the remainder was paid in 2025.

The following tables summarize the changes to our restructuring liability during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025:


Millions of Dollars	December 31, 2024		Charge to Earnings		Cash Paid		Non-Cash and Other		December 31, 2025
Employee Termination	$	4	$	22	$	(20)	$	—	$	5
Asset Impairment	—		38		—		(36)		2
Facility exit costs	—		—		—		—		—
Other exit costs	2		3		(4)		(1)		—
Total	$	6	$	63	$	(24)	$	(37)	$	7

The following table summarizes restructuring charges by operating segment for 2025 and 2024:


Millions of dollars	2025 Charges		2024 Charges
MDA North America	34		31
MDA Latin America	25		23


SDA Global	1		5
Corporate / Other	3		20
Total	$	63	$	79

Restructuring expense was not material for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023.