Our Brazilian operations have received tax assessments for income and social contribution taxes associated with certain monetized BEFIEX credits. We do not believe BEFIEX credits are subject to income or social contribution taxes. We have not provided for income or social contribution taxes on these BEFIEX credits, and based on the opinions of tax and legal advisors, we have not accrued any amount related to these assessments at December 31, 2025. The total amount of outstanding tax assessments received for income and social contribution taxes relating to the BEFIEX credits, including interest and penalties, is approximately 2.7 billion Brazilian reais (approximately $491 million at December 31, 2025).

Relying on existing Brazilian legal precedent, in 2003 and 2004, we recognized tax credits in an aggregate amount of $26 million, adjusted for currency, on the purchase of raw materials used in production ("IPI tax credits"). The Brazilian tax authority subsequently challenged the recording of IPI tax credits. No such credits have been recognized since 2004. In 2009, we entered into a Brazilian government program ("IPI Amnesty") which provided extended payment terms and reduced penalties and interest to encourage taxpayers to resolve this and certain other disputed tax credit amounts. As permitted by the program, we elected to settle certain debts through the use of other existing tax credits and recorded charges of approximately $34 million in 2009 associated with these matters. In July 2012, the Brazilian revenue authority notified us that a portion of our proposed settlement was rejected and we received tax assessments of 308 million Brazilian reais (approximately $56 million at December 31, 2025), reflecting interest and penalties to date. The government's assessment in this case relies heavily on its arguments regarding taxability of BEFIEX credits for certain years, which we are disputing in one of the BEFIEX government assessment cases cited in the prior paragraph. In October 2025, we received a negative decision at the Brazil Supreme Court in the IPI Amnesty case. We maintain the right to litigate against foreclosure of the largest portion of the tax amounts at issue, representing substantially all of the amounts at issue in the case. In Q4 2025, we accrued an immaterial amount related to the tax amounts at issue.

We have received tax assessments from the Brazilian federal tax authorities relating to amounts allegedly due regarding insurance taxes (PIS/COFINS) for tax credits recognized since 2007. These credits were recognized for inputs to certain manufacturing and other business processes. These assessments are being challenged at the administrative and judicial levels in Brazil. The total amount of outstanding tax assessments received for credits recognized for PIS/COFINS inputs is approximately 439 million Brazilian reais (approximately $80 million at December 31, 2025). Based on the opinion of our tax and legal advisors, we have not accrued any amount related to these assessments.

We and other Brazil taxpayers have filed lawsuits in Brazil challenging DIFAL, an interstate tax equalization regime. In November 2023, in a leading (non-Whirlpool) case, the Brazil Supreme Court issued a decision upholding the constitutionality of DIFAL levied for the majority of 2022. While this lawsuit is still pending, on October 21, 2025, the Brazil Supreme Court issued a decision in a separate (non-Whirlpool) case, upholding the constitutionality of DIFAL levied on taxpayers, but partially mitigating the impact for those, like Whirlpool, that filed lawsuits to challenge DIFAL before December 2023. The taxpayer can seek further clarification on the decision. We continue to evaluate the impact of the decision as applied to the specific facts of our pending DIFAL cases in various states in Brazil. In the fourth quarter of 2025, we released certain prior accruals based on the impact mitigation portion of the Court's ruling, totaling approximately $18 million. We have accrued amounts related to DIFAL levied in certain states in Brazil, but have not accrued amounts in certain others based on the opinion of our tax and legal advisors. Our total unreserved amounts related to DIFAL-related contingency is approximately 526 million Brazilian reais (approximately $96 million at December 31, 2025).

In addition to the BEFIEX, IPI tax credit, PIS/COFINS inputs and DIFAL matters noted above, other assessments issued by the Brazilian tax authorities related to indirect and income tax matters, and other matters, are at various stages of review in numerous administrative and judicial proceedings. We are vigorously defending our positions related to BEFIEX credits and other Brazil Tax Matters. The amounts related to these assessments will continue to be increased by monetary adjustments at the Selic rate, which is the benchmark rate set by the Brazilian Central Bank. In accordance with our accounting policies, we routinely assess these matters and, when necessary, record our best estimate of a loss.

Litigation is inherently unpredictable and the conclusion of these matters may take many years to ultimately resolve. Amounts at issue in potential future litigation could increase as a result of interest and penalties in future periods. Accordingly, it is possible that an unfavorable outcome in these proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our financial statements in any particular reporting period.

In 2013, the French Competition Authority ("FCA") commenced an investigation of appliance manufacturers and retailers in France, including Whirlpool and Indesit. The FCA investigation was split into two parts, and in December 2018, we finalized a settlement with the FCA on the first part of the investigation. The second part of the FCA investigation, focused primarily on manufacturer interactions with retailers, has concluded. The Company agreed to a preliminary settlement range with the FCA and recorded a charge of approximately $69 million in the first half of 2023.

On December 19, 2024, the FCA's college issued its final decision, setting the final fine amount at $75 million (based on exchange rates at December 31, 2024), with $46 million attributable to Whirlpool's France business and $29 million attributable to Indesit's France business. The Company paid Beko Europe approximately $57 million in the second quarter of 2025 to satisfy indemnification obligations related to this fine, with the remainder satisfied by cash provided in connection with transaction closing. Under the terms of a settlement with Indesit's former owners, the Company received approximately $11 million out of escrow from the former owners in the second quarter of 2025. A nominal amount was recorded in the second quarter related to the net impact of final amounts paid and received.

In the first quarter of 2023, we accrued an immaterial amount in our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements related to prior-period Value Added Tax (VAT) remittances in our Latin America region. We have resolved certain aspects of this matter and the overall financial statement impact of such resolution has thus far been immaterial. We continue to review tax matters within the region for any potential additional impacts, if any; certain matters could have a material adverse effect on our financial statements in any particular reporting period.

We are currently vigorously defending a number of other lawsuits related to the manufacture and sale of our products which include class action allegations, and may become involved in similar actions. These lawsuits allege claims which include negligence, breach of contract, breach of warranty, product liability and safety claims, false advertising, fraud, and violation of federal and state regulations, including consumer protection laws. In general, we do not have insurance coverage for class action lawsuits. We are also involved in various other legal actions arising in the normal course of business, for which insurance coverage may or may not be available depending on the nature of the action. We dispute the merits of these suits and actions, and intend to vigorously defend them. Management believes, based upon its current knowledge, after taking into consideration legal counsel's evaluation of such suits and actions, and after taking into account current litigation accruals, that the outcome of these matters currently pending against Whirlpool should not have a material adverse effect, if any, on our financial statements.


	Product Warranty
Millions of dollars	2025		2024
Balance at January	$	196	$	206
Issuances/accruals during the period	218		235
Settlements made during the period/other	(214)		(245)
Liabilities derecognized upon India deconsolidation	(49)		—
Balance at December 31	$	151	$	196
Current portion	$	130	$	136
Non-current portion	20		60
Total	$	151	$	196

In the normal course of business, we engage in investigations of potential quality and safety issues. As part of our ongoing effort to deliver quality products to consumers, we are currently investigating certain potential quality and safety issues globally. As necessary, we undertake to effect repair or replacement of appliances in the event that an investigation leads to the conclusion that such action is warranted.

We have guarantee arrangements in a Brazilian subsidiary. For certain creditworthy customers, the subsidiary guarantees customer lines of credit at commercial banks to support purchases following its normal credit policies. If a customer were to default on its line of credit with the bank, our subsidiary would be required to assume the line of credit and satisfy the obligation with the bank. At December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the guaranteed amounts totaled 2,090 million Brazilian reais (approximately $380 million at December 31, 2025) and 981 million Brazilian reais (approximately $159 million at December 31, 2024), respectively, with the increase resulting from a trade customer joining the program. The fair value of these guarantees were nominal at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Our subsidiary insures against a significant portion of this credit risk for these guarantees, under normal operating conditions, through policies purchased from high-quality underwriters.

We provide guarantees of indebtedness and lines of credit for various consolidated subsidiaries. The maximum contractual amount of indebtedness and lines of credit available under these lines for consolidated subsidiaries totaled approximately $3.3 billion at December 31, 2025 and $1.9 billion at December 31, 2024, respectively. During the third quarter of 2025, we converted certain comfort letters to guarantees. Our total short-term outstanding bank indebtedness under guarantees was $21 million at December 31, 2025, and was $12 million at December 31, 2024.