v3.25.4
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Segment Reporting We have two reportable business segments: Single-Family and Multifamily. The Single-Family business operates in the
secondary mortgage market relating to loans secured by properties containing four or fewer residential dwelling units.
The Multifamily business operates in the secondary mortgage market relating primarily to loans secured by properties
containing five or more residential units. We have two reportable business segments, which are based on the type of business activities each perform: Single-
Family and Multifamily. Results of our two business segments are intended to reflect each segment as if it were a stand-
alone business. Our Acting Chief Executive Officer is the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for our two
reportable business segments. The CODM uses both net revenues and income before federal income taxes, on a
quarterly basis, to assess the financial performance of the segments and for purposes of allocating resources. The
accounting policies of our two reportable business segments are the same as those described in “Note 1, Summary of
Significant Accounting Policies.”
Basis of Presentation Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). To conform to our current-period presentation, we have
reclassified certain amounts reported in our prior period consolidated financial statements, including those described
below.
Changes in Presentation
Beginning in the first quarter of 2025, we changed our presentation on the consolidated statements of cash flows for
certain borrowings with original contractual maturities of three months or less such that the proceeds from the issuance
of these borrowings and the related payments to redeem them are presented on a net basis. Previously, proceeds from
the issuance of these borrowings and the related repayments to redeem them were presented separately (i.e., gross) on
the consolidated statements of cash flows. As a result of this change, we recast the prior periods presented to reflect the
net presentation of cash flows on these borrowings. For borrowings with original contractual maturities greater than
three months, we continue to present proceeds from issuance and payments to redeem the borrowings on a gross
basis.
Beginning in the third quarter of 2025, we changed the presentation of interest income from reverse repurchase
agreements to separately disclose interest income from securities purchased under agreements to resell on the
consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income. We also combined the remaining interest
income previously classified as other with interest income from investments in securities. We recast the prior periods
presented on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for these changes.
Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2025, we changed the presentation of debt extinguishment gains and losses from
"Other income (expense), net" to "Investment gains (losses), net" on the consolidated statements of operations and
other comprehensive income. We recast the prior periods presented on the consolidated statements of operations and
comprehensive income for this change.
Change in Accounting Principle
Beginning in the third quarter of 2025, we have changed which financial instruments are presented as cash equivalents
and restricted cash equivalents. Previously, we presented U.S. Treasury securities that had a maturity of three months
or less at acquisition and overnight reverse repurchase agreements as cash equivalents (both unrestricted and
restricted, as appropriate). As a result of this change, all U.S. Treasury securities are presented as “Investments in
securities” and all reverse repurchase agreements are presented as “Securities purchased under agreements to resell”
on our consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, as a result of this change, there are no financial instruments presented
as cash equivalents or restricted cash equivalents as of December 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.
We have concluded that the change in presentation of short-term U.S. Treasury securities and overnight reverse
repurchase agreements is a change in accounting principle. Further, we concluded that the change is preferable
because it provides consistency in the presentation of our holdings of investment securities and reverse repurchase
agreements. Additionally, it more accurately reflects how these investments are managed within our corporate liquidity
portfolio. Finally, the change aligns the presentation of short-term U.S. Treasury securities and overnight reverse
repurchase agreements with the presentation used by other large financial institutions, increasing the comparability of
our financial statements with the financial statements of those entities.
The change in accounting principle made in the third quarter of 2025 is reflected in our financial statements on a
retrospective basis.
Use of Estimates Use of Estimates
Preparing consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect our reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
as of the dates of our consolidated financial statements, as well as our reported amounts of revenues and expenses
during the reporting periods. Management has made significant estimates in a variety of areas including, but not limited
to, the allowance for loan losses. Actual results could be different from these estimates.
Principles of Consolidation Principles of Consolidation
Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts as well as the accounts of the other entities in which we
have a controlling financial interest. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The typical
condition for a controlling financial interest is ownership of a majority of the voting interests of an entity. A controlling
financial interest may also exist in an entity such as a variable interest entity (“VIE”) through arrangements that do not
involve voting interests, such as control over the servicing of the collateral held by the VIE. Fannie Mae’s controlling
interest generally arises from arrangements with VIEs.
We consolidate VIEs when we have a controlling financial interest in the VIE and are therefore considered the primary
beneficiary of the VIE. We are the primary beneficiary of a VIE when we have both the power to direct the activities of
the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and exposure to losses or benefits of the VIE that could
potentially be significant to the VIE. The primary beneficiary determination may change over time as our interest in the
VIE changes. Therefore, we evaluate whether we are the primary beneficiary of VIEs in which we have variable
interests at both inception and on an ongoing basis. Generally, the assets of our consolidated VIEs can be used only to
settle obligations of the VIE, and the creditors of our consolidated VIEs do not have recourse to Fannie Mae, except
when we provide a guarantee to the VIE.
The measurement of assets and liabilities of VIEs that we consolidate depends on whether we are the transferor of
assets into a VIE. When we are the transferor of assets into a VIE that we consolidate at the time of the transfer, we
continue to recognize the assets and liabilities of the VIE at the amounts that they would have been recognized if we
had not transferred the assets and no gain or loss is recognized. We are the transferor to the VIEs created during our
portfolio securitizations; this execution occurs when we purchase loans from third-party sellers for cash and later deposit
these loans into an MBS trust. The securities issued through a portfolio securitization are then sold to investors for cash.
When we are not the transferor of assets into a VIE that we consolidate, we recognize the assets and liabilities of the
VIE in our consolidated financial statements at fair value and a gain or loss for the difference between (1) the fair value
of the consideration paid, fair value of noncontrolling interests and the reported amount of any previously held interests,
and (2) the net amount of the fair value of the assets and liabilities recognized upon consolidation. However, for the
VIEs established under our lender swap program, we do not recognize a gain or loss if the VIEs are consolidated at
formation as there is no difference in the respective fair value of (1) and (2) above. We record gains or losses that are
associated with the consolidation of VIEs as a component of “Investment gains (losses), net” in our consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive income. A lender swap transaction occurs when a mortgage lender
delivers a pool of loans to us, which we immediately deposit into an MBS trust.
If we cease to be deemed the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we deconsolidate the VIE. We use fair value to measure the
initial cost basis for any retained interests that are recorded upon the deconsolidation of a VIE. Any difference between
the fair value and the previous carrying amount of our investment in the VIE is recorded in “Investment gains (losses),
net” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Transfers of Financial Assets Transfers of Financial Assets
We evaluate each transfer of financial assets to determine whether we have surrendered control and the transfer
qualifies as a sale. If a transfer does not meet the criteria for sale treatment, the transferred assets remain in our
consolidated balance sheets and we record a liability to the extent of any proceeds received in connection with the
transfer.
When a transfer that qualifies as a sale is completed, we derecognize all assets transferred and recognize all assets
received and liabilities incurred at fair value. The difference between the carrying basis of the assets transferred and the
fair value of the net proceeds from the sale is recorded as a component of “Investment gains (losses), net” in our
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. We retain interests from the transfer and sale of
mortgage-related securities to unconsolidated single-class and multi-class portfolio securitization trusts. Retained
interests are primarily derived from transfers associated with our portfolio securitizations in the form of Fannie Mae
securities. We provide additional information on the accounting for retained investment securities in the “Investments in
Securities” section of this note.
Cash and Restricted Cash Cash and Restricted Cash
Cash and restricted cash in our consolidated balance sheets includes amounts held with depository institutions and the
Federal Reserve. Restricted cash primarily represents cash held in accounts that are for the benefit of MBS
certificateholders (inclusive of amounts that have been advanced by us under the terms of our guaranty) that will be
distributed to the MBS certificateholders on a future date in accordance with the terms of the MBS trust agreements.
Cash may also be recognized as restricted cash for certain collateral arrangements for which we do not have the right to
use the cash.
Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell
We enter into repurchase agreements that involve contemporaneous trades to purchase and sell securities. As the
transferor has not relinquished control over the securities, these transactions are accounted for as secured financings
and reported as securities purchased under agreements to resell in our consolidated balance sheets. We present cash
flows from securities purchased under agreements to resell as investing activities in our consolidated statements of
cash flows.
Investments in Securities Investments in Securities
We classify and account for our investments in securities as either trading or available-for-sale (“AFS”).
Both trading and AFS securities are measured at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets and the related purchase
discounts or premiums are amortized into interest income over the contractual term of the security using the effective
yield method. When securities are sold, we recognize realized gains (losses) on AFS securities using the specific
identification method.
Gains (losses) are classified in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income as follows.
Classification
Trading
AFS
Unrealized gains (losses)
Fair value gains (losses), net
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Realized gains (losses)
Fair value gains (losses), net
Investment gains (losses), net
An AFS security is impaired if the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost. The amount of impairment that
represents credit loss is recorded in “(Provision) benefit for credit losses” in our consolidated statements of operations
and comprehensive income.
When we own Fannie Mae MBS issued by unconsolidated trusts, the asset is recorded in “Investments in securities, at
fair value” in our consolidated balance sheets. We determine the fair value of Fannie Mae MBS based on observable
market prices because most Fannie Mae MBS are actively traded. For any subsequent purchase or sale of Fannie Mae
MBS issued by unconsolidated trusts, we continue to account for any outstanding recorded amounts associated with the
guaranty transaction on the same basis of accounting. We do not derecognize any components of the guaranty assets,
guaranty obligations, or any other outstanding recorded amounts associated with the guaranty transaction for the
Fannie Mae MBS because our contractual obligation to the MBS trust remains in force until the trust is liquidated.
Loans Held for Sale Loans Held for Sale
When we acquire mortgage loans that we intend to sell or securitize via trusts that will not be consolidated, we classify
the loans as held for sale (“HFS”). We report the carrying value of HFS loans at the lower of cost or fair value. Any
excess of an HFS loan’s cost over its fair value is recognized as a valuation allowance with the corresponding amount
and subsequent changes in the valuation allowance recognized as “Investment gains (losses), net” in our consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive income. We recognize interest income on HFS loans on an accrual basis
unless we determine that the ultimate collection of contractual principal or interest payments in full is not reasonably
assured. Purchased premiums and discounts on HFS loans are deferred upon loan acquisition, included in the cost
basis of the loan, and not amortized. We determine any lower of cost or fair value adjustment on HFS loans at an
individual loan level.
In the presentation of our consolidated statements of cash flows, we present cash flows from loans classified as HFS at
acquisition as operating activities. If a loan is initially classified as held for investment (“HFI”) and it is redesignated to
HFS, the principal cash flows and sales proceeds from such loans continue to be presented as investing activities in our
consolidated statements of cash flows.
Our accounting for redesignations to HFS differs based upon the loan’s classification as either nonperforming or
performing. Nonperforming loans include both seriously delinquent and reperforming loans. For both single-family and
multifamily loans, reperforming loans are loans that were previously delinquent but are performing again because
payments on the loan have become current with or without the use of a loan modification plan. Single-family seriously
delinquent loans are loans that are 90 days or more past due or in the foreclosure process. Multifamily seriously
delinquent loans are loans that are 60 days or more past due. All other loans are considered performing.
For nonperforming loans redesignated from HFI to HFS, based upon a change in our intent, we record the loans at the
lower of cost or fair value on the date of redesignation. When the fair value of the nonperforming loan is less than its
amortized cost, we record a write-off against the allowance for loan losses in an amount equal to the excess of the
amortized cost basis over the fair value of the loan. Any difference between the amount written off upon redesignation
and the recorded valuation allowance related to the redesignated loan is recognized in “(Provision) benefit for credit
losses” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
For performing loans redesignated from HFI to HFS, based upon a change in our intent, the allowance for loan losses
previously recorded on the HFI mortgage loan is reversed through “(Provision) benefit for credit losses” at the time of
redesignation. The loan is redesignated to HFS at its amortized cost basis and a valuation allowance is established to
the extent that the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds its fair value. The initial recognition of the valuation
allowance and any subsequent changes are recorded as a gain or loss in “Investment gains (losses), net.”
Upon redesignation from HFS to HFI, we reverse the valuation allowance on the loan, if any, and establish an allowance
for loan losses as needed.
Loans Held for Investment Loans Held for Investment
When we acquire loans that we have the ability and the intent to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity, we
classify the loans as HFI. When we consolidate a securitization trust, we recognize the loans underlying the trust in our
consolidated balance sheets. The trusts do not have the ability to sell loans and the use of such loans is limited
exclusively to the settlement of obligations of the trusts. Therefore, loans acquired when we have the intent to securitize
via consolidated trusts are generally classified as HFI in our consolidated balance sheets both prior to and subsequent
to their securitization.
In the presentation of our consolidated statements of cash flows, we present principal cash flows from loans classified
as HFI as investing activities and interest cash flows as operating activities.
We report the carrying value of HFI loans at the unpaid principal balance (“UPB”), net of unamortized premiums and
discounts, other cost basis adjustments, and allowance for loan losses. We define the amortized cost of HFI loans as
UPB and accrued interest receivable, net, including any unamortized premiums, discounts, and other cost basis
adjustments. We present accrued interest receivable separately from the amortized cost of our HFI loans in our
consolidated balance sheets. We recognize interest income on HFI loans on an accrual basis using the effective yield
method over the contractual life of the loan, including the amortization of any deferred cost basis adjustments, such as
the premium or discount at acquisition, unless we determine that the ultimate collection of contractual principal or
interest payments in full is not reasonably assured.
we report the amortized cost of
HFI loans for which we have not elected the fair value option at the UPB, adjusted for unamortized premiums and
discounts, hedge-related basis adjustments, other cost basis adjustments, and accrued interest receivable. Within our
consolidated balance sheets, we present accrued interest receivable, net separately from the amortized cost of our
loans held for investment.
Nonaccrual Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Nonaccrual Loans
We recognize interest income on an accrual basis except when we believe the collection of principal and interest in full
is not reasonably assured. This generally occurs when a single-family loan is 90 days or more past due and a
multifamily loan is 60 days or more past due according to its contractual terms. A loan is reported as past due if a full
payment of principal and interest is not received within one month of its due date. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual
status based on delinquency status, interest previously accrued but not collected on the loan is reversed through
interest income.
Cost basis adjustments on HFI loans are amortized into interest income over the contractual life of the loan using the
effective yield method. Cost basis adjustments on the loan are not amortized into income while a loan is on nonaccrual
status. We have elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable balances as we
have a nonaccrual policy to ensure the timely reversal of unpaid accrued interest.
For single-family loans, we recognize any contractual interest payments received on the loan while on nonaccrual status
as interest income on a cash basis. For multifamily loans, we account for interest income on a cost recovery basis and
we apply any payment received while on nonaccrual status to reduce the amortized cost of the loan. Thus, we do not
recognize any interest income on a multifamily loan placed on nonaccrual status until the amortized cost of the loan has
been reduced to zero.
A nonaccrual loan is returned to accrual status when the full collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured.
We generally determine that the full collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured when the loan returns to
current payment status. If a loan is restructured for a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, we require a performance
period of up to 6 months before we return the loan to accrual status. Upon a loan’s return to accrual status, we resume
the recognition of interest income on an accrual basis and the amortization of cost basis adjustments, if any, into interest
income. If interest is capitalized pursuant to a restructuring, any capitalized interest that had not been previously
recognized as interest income or that had been reversed through interest income when the loan was placed on
nonaccrual status is recorded as a discount to the loan and amortized into interest income over the remaining
contractual life of the loan.
Allowance for Loan Losses
Our allowance for loan losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of HFI loans to
present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. The allowance for loan losses reflects an estimate of
expected credit losses on single-family and multifamily HFI loans held by Fannie Mae and by consolidated MBS trusts.
Estimates of credit losses are based on expected cash flows derived from internal models that estimate loan
performance under simulated ranges of economic environments. Our modeled loan performance is based on our
historical experience of loans with similar risk characteristics, adjusted to reflect current conditions and reasonable and
supportable forecasts. Our historical loss experience and our credit loss estimates capture the possibility of remote
events that could result in credit losses on loans that are considered low risk.
Changes to our estimate of expected credit losses, including changes due to the passage of time, are recorded through
the “(Provision) benefit for credit losses” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
When calculating our allowance for loan losses, we consider only our amortized cost in the loans at the balance sheet
date. We record write-offs as a reduction to the allowance for loan losses when amounts are deemed uncollectible.
When losses are confirmed through the receipt of assets in satisfaction of a loan, such as the underlying collateral upon
foreclosure or cash upon completion of a short sale, we record a write-off in an amount equal to the excess of a loan’s
amortized cost over fair value of assets received. We include expected recoveries of amounts previously written off and
expected to be written off in determining our allowance for loan losses.
The allowance for loan losses does not consider benefits from freestanding credit enhancements, such as our
Connecticut Avenue Securities® (“CAS”) and Credit Insurance Risk Transfer™ (“CIRT™”) programs and multifamily
Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS®”) lender risk-sharing arrangements, which are recorded in “Other assets
in our consolidated balance sheets. Changes in benefits recognized from freestanding credit enhancements are
recorded in “Other income (expense), net” in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Single-Family Loans
We estimate the amount expected to be collected on our single-family loans using a discounted cash flow approach.
Our allowance for loan losses is calculated as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the
present value of expected cash flows on the loan. Expected cash flows include payments from the borrower, net of fees
retained by a third-party for servicing, contractually attached credit enhancements and proceeds from the sale of the
underlying collateral, net of selling costs.
When foreclosure of a single-family loan is probable, the allowance for loan losses is calculated as the difference
between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the fair value of the collateral as of the reporting date, adjusted for the
estimated costs to sell the property and the amount of expected recoveries from contractually attached credit
enhancements or other proceeds we expect to receive.
Expected cash flows are developed using internal models that capture market and loan characteristic inputs. Market
inputs include information such as actual and forecasted home prices, interest rates, volatility and spreads, while loan
characteristic inputs include information such as mark-to-market loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios, delinquency status,
geography and borrower credit scores. The model assigns a probability to borrower events including contractual
payment, loan payoff and default under various economic environments based on historical data, current conditions and
reasonable and supportable forecasts.
The two primary drivers of our forecasted economic environments are interest rates and home prices. Our model
projects the range of possible interest rate scenarios over the life of the loan based on actual interest rates and
observed option pricing volatility in the capital markets. For single-family home prices, we develop regional forecasts
based on Metropolitan Statistical Area data using a multi-path simulation that captures home price projections over a
five-year period, the period for which we can develop reasonable and supportable forecasts. After the five-year period,
the home price forecast reverts to a historical long-term growth rate.
Expected cash flows on the loan are discounted at the effective interest rate on the loan, adjusted for expected
prepayments. We update the discount rate of the loan each reporting period to reflect changes in expected
prepayments.
Multifamily Loans
Our allowance for loan losses on multifamily loans is calculated based on estimated probabilities of default and loss
severities to derive expected loss ratios, which are then applied to the amortized cost basis of the loans. Our
probabilities of default and severity are estimated using internal models based on historical loss experience of loans
with similar risk characteristics that affect credit performance, such as debt service coverage ratio (“DSCR”), mark-to-
market LTV ratio, collateral type, age, loan size, geography, prepayment penalty term and note type. Our models
simulate a range of possible future economic scenarios, which are used to estimate probabilities of default and loss
severities. Key inputs to our models include net operating income and property values. These inputs are both projected
based on Metropolitan Statistical Area data over the expected life of each loan.
When foreclosure of a multifamily loan is probable, the allowance for loan losses is calculated as the difference between
the amortized cost basis of the loan and the fair value of the collateral as of the reporting date, adjusted for the
estimated costs to sell the property.
Restructured Loans
We may modify loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as part of our loss mitigation activities and consider
the effects of both actual and estimated restructurings in our estimate of expected credit losses. Loan restructurings are
evaluated to determine whether they result in a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. Loan restructurings are
generally accounted for as a continuation of the existing loan when borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty as the
terms of the restructured loans are typically not at market rates. Further, the allowance for loan losses does not
measure the economic concession that is provided to the borrower because, when a discount rate is used to measure
impairment, it is based on the loan’s restructured terms.
For most restructurings that occurred prior to January 1, 2022, we continue to apply the troubled debt restructuring
(“TDR”) accounting model. Under the TDR accounting model, we use the discount rate in effect prior to the restructuring
to measure impairment on each loan, which results in the recognition of the economic concession granted to borrowers
as part of the restructuring in the allowance for loan losses. As a result, the economic concession related to these loans
will continue to be measured in our allowance for loan losses and may increase or decrease as we update our cash flow
assumptions related to the loan’s expected life. Further, the component of the allowance for loan losses representing
economic concessions will decrease as the borrower makes payments in accordance with the restructured terms of the
loan and as the loan is sold, liquidated, or subsequently restructured.The estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio is a primary factor we consider when estimating our allowance for loan losses
for single-family loans. As LTV ratios increase, the borrower’s equity in the home decreases, which may negatively
affect the borrower’s ability to refinance or to sell the property for an amount at or above the outstanding balance of the
loan.
Our estimate of credit losses can vary substantially from period to period due to factors such as changes in actual and
forecasted home prices, property valuations, and fluctuations in actual and forecasted interest rates. Other drivers
include the volume and credit risk profile of our new acquisitions, borrower payment behavior; events such as natural
disasters or pandemics; the type, volume and effectiveness of our loss mitigation activities, including forbearances and
loan modifications, the volume of completed foreclosures and the volume and pricing of loans redesignated from HFI to
HFS. In addition, updates to the models, assumptions, and data used in determining our estimate for credit losses can
impact our allowance. Changes in our estimate of credit losses are recognized as “(Provision) benefit for credit losses
in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Our single-family provision for credit losses in 2025 was primarily driven by current-year loan acquisitions and by loan
delinquencies
Advances to Lenders Advances to Lenders
Advances to lenders represent our payments of cash in exchange for the receipt of loans from lenders in a transfer that
is accounted for as a secured lending arrangement. These transfers primarily occur when we provide early funding to
lenders for loans that they will subsequently either sell to us or securitize into a Fannie Mae MBS that they will deliver to
us. We individually negotiate early lender funding advances with our lenders. Early lender funding advances have terms
up to 60 days and earn a short-term market rate of interest.
We report cash outflows from advances to lenders as an investing activity in our consolidated statements of cash flows.
Settlements of the advances to lenders, other than through lender repurchases of loans, are not collected in cash, but
rather in the receipt of either loans or Fannie Mae MBS. Accordingly, this activity is reflected as non-cash supplemental
information, which is disclosed in the “Non-Cash Activities Related to Mortgage Loans” table of “Note 4, Mortgage
Loans” in the line item entitled “Mortgage loans received by consolidated trusts to satisfy advances to lenders.”
Income Taxes Income Taxes
We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences in the book and tax bases of assets and
liabilities. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that are applicable to the periods that
the differences are expected to reverse. We adjust deferred tax assets and liabilities for the effects of changes in tax
laws and rates in the period of enactment. We recognize investment and other tax credits through our effective tax rate
calculation assuming that we will be able to realize the full benefit of the credits.
We invest in Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (“LIHTC”) projects pursuant to Section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code,
which generate both tax credits and net operating losses. We elect the proportional amortization method and amortize
the cost of a LIHTC investment each reporting period in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits received. We
recognize the resulting amortization as a component of the “Provision for federal income taxes” in our consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive income.
We present deferred taxes net in our consolidated balance sheets. We reduce our deferred tax assets by an allowance
if, based on the weight of available positive and negative evidence, it is more likely than not (a probability of greater than
50%) that we will not realize some portion, or all, of the deferred tax asset.
We account for uncertain tax positions using a two-step approach whereby we recognize an income tax benefit if, based
on the technical merits of a tax position, it is more likely than not that the tax position would be sustained upon
examination by the taxing authority, which includes all related appeals and litigation. We then measure the recognized
tax benefit based on the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement with
the taxing authority, considering all information available at the reporting date. We recognize any associated interest as
a component of income before federal income taxes in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive
income. Our tax years 2022 through 2024 remain open to examination by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”).
We evaluate our deferred tax assets for recoverability using a consistent approach which considers the relative impact
of negative and positive evidence, including our historical profitability and projections of future taxable income. Our
framework for assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets requires us to weigh all available evidence, to the
extent it exists, including:
the sustainability of recent profitability required to realize the deferred tax assets;
the cumulative net income or losses in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income
in recent years;
unsettled circumstances that, if unfavorably resolved, would adversely affect future operations and profit levels
on a continuing basis in future years;
the carryforward period for capital losses; and
tax planning strategies.
Derivative Instruments Derivative Instruments
We recognize derivatives in a gain position in “Other assets” and derivatives in a loss position in “Other liabilities” in our
consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a trade date basis. Changes in fair value and interest accruals on
derivatives not in qualifying fair value hedging relationships are recorded as “Fair value gains (losses), net” in our
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. We offset the carrying amounts of certain
derivatives that are in gain positions and loss positions as well as cash collateral receivables and payables associated
with derivative positions pursuant to the terms of enforceable master netting arrangements. We offset these amounts
only when we have the legal right to offset under the contract and we have met all the offsetting conditions. For our
over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative positions, our master netting arrangements allow us to net derivative assets and
liabilities with the same counterparty. For our cleared derivative contracts, our master netting arrangements allow us to
net our exposure by clearing organization and by clearing member.
We present cash flows from derivatives that do not contain financing elements and their related gains and losses as
operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows.
We evaluate financial instruments that we purchase or issue and other financial and non-financial contracts for
embedded derivatives. To identify embedded derivatives that we must account for separately, we determine whether: (1)
the economic characteristics of the embedded derivative are not clearly and closely related to the economic
characteristics of the financial instrument or other contract (i.e., the host contract); (2) the financial instrument or other
contract itself is not already measured at fair value with changes in fair value included in earnings; and (3) a separate
instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet the definition of a derivative. If the embedded
derivative meets all three of these conditions, we elect to carry the hybrid contract in its entirety at fair value with
changes in fair value recorded in earnings.
Fair Value Hedge Accounting
To reduce earnings volatility related to changes in benchmark interest rates, we apply fair value hedge accounting to
certain pools of single-family loans and certain issuances of our funding debt by designating such instruments as the
hedged item in hedging relationships with interest-rate swaps. In these relationships, we have designated the change in
the benchmark interest rate, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), as the risk being hedged. We have
elected to use the portfolio layer method to hedge certain pools of single-family loans. This election involves
establishing fair value hedging relationships on the portion of each loan pool that is not expected to be affected by
prepayments, defaults and other events that affect the timing and amount of cash flows. The term of each hedging
relationship is generally one business day and we typically establish hedging relationships each business day to align
our hedge accounting with our risk management practices.
We apply hedge accounting to qualifying hedging relationships. A qualifying hedging relationship exists when changes
in the fair value of a derivative hedging instrument are expected to be highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair
value of the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged during the term of the hedging relationship. We assess
hedge effectiveness using statistical regression analysis. A hedging relationship is considered highly effective if the total
change in fair value of the hedging instrument and the change in the fair value of the hedged item due to changes in the
benchmark interest rate offset each other within a range of 80% to 125% and certain other statistical tests are met.
If a hedging relationship qualifies for hedge accounting, the change in the fair value of the interest-rate swap and the
change in the fair value of the hedged item for the risk being hedged are recorded through net interest income. A
corresponding basis adjustment is recorded against the hedged item, either the pool of loans or the debt, for the
changes in the fair value attributable to the risk being hedged. For hedging relationships that hedge pools of single-
family loans, basis adjustments are allocated to individual single-family loans based on the relative UPB of each loan at
the termination of the hedging relationship. The cumulative basis adjustments on the hedged item are amortized into
earnings using the effective yield method over the contractual life of the hedged item, with amortization beginning upon
termination of the hedging relationship.
All changes in fair value of the designated portion of the derivative hedging instrument (i.e., interest-rate swap),
including interest accruals, are recorded in the same line item in the consolidated statements of operations and
comprehensive income used to record the earnings effect of the hedged item. Therefore, changes in the fair value of the
hedged loans and debt attributable to the risk being hedged are recognized in “Interest income” or “Interest expense,”
respectively, along with the changes in the fair value of the respective derivative hedging instruments.
The recognition of basis adjustments on the hedged item and the subsequent amortization are noncash activities and
are removed from net income to derive the “Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities” in our consolidated
statements of cash flows. Cash paid or received on designated derivative instruments during a hedging relationship is
reported as “Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities” in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Commitments to Purchase and Sell Loans and Securities
We enter into commitments to purchase and sell mortgage-backed securities and to purchase single-family and
multifamily loans. Certain of these commitments to purchase or sell mortgage-backed securities and to purchase single-
family loans are accounted for as derivatives, while other commitments are not within the scope of the derivative
accounting criteria or do not meet the definition of a derivative.
Our commitments for the purchase and sale of regular-way securities trades are exempt from derivative accounting and
are recorded on their trade date.
When derivative purchase commitments settle, we include the fair value on the settlement date in the cost basis of the
loan or unconsolidated security we purchase. When derivative commitments to sell securities settle, we include the fair
value of the commitment on the settlement date in the cost basis of the security we sell. Purchases and sales of
securities issued by our consolidated single-class securitization trusts and certain resecuritization trusts where the
security that has been issued by the trust is substantially the same as the underlying collateral are treated as
extinguishments or issuances of the underlying MBS debt, respectively. For commitments to purchase and sell
securities issued by these trusts, we recognize the fair value of the commitment on the settlement date as a component
of debt extinguishment gains and losses or in the cost basis of the debt issued, respectively.
We recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a trade-date basis.
Collateral Collateral
We enter into various transactions where we pledge and accept collateral, the most common of which are our derivative
transactions. Required collateral levels vary depending on the credit rating and type of counterparty. We also pledge
and receive collateral under our repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements. In order to reduce potential exposure
to counterparties for securities purchased under agreements to resell, a third-party custodian typically maintains the
collateral and any margin. We monitor the fair value of the collateral received from our counterparties, and we may
require additional collateral from those counterparties in accordance with contractual terms.
Cash Collateral
We record cash collateral accepted from a counterparty that we have the right to use as “Cash” and cash collateral
accepted from a counterparty that we do not have the right to use as “Restricted cash” in our consolidated balance
sheets. We net our obligation to return cash collateral pledged to us against the fair value of derivatives in a gain
position recorded in “Other assets” in our consolidated balance sheets when the offsetting requirements have been met
as part of our counterparty netting calculation.
For derivative positions with the same counterparty under master netting arrangements where we pledge cash
collateral, we remove it from “Cash” and net the right to receive it against the fair value of derivatives in a loss position
recorded in “Other liabilities” in our consolidated balance sheets as a part of our counterparty netting calculation.
Non-Cash Collateral
We classify securities pledged to counterparties as “Investments in securities, at fair value” in our consolidated balance
sheets. Securities that we own that are pledged to counterparties may include securities issued by consolidated VIEs.
The pledged collateral is classified as “Mortgage loans” when the trust that issued the security has been consolidated to
align with the classification of the underlying asset.
We posted U.S. Treasury securities of $8.2 billion and $8.9 billion as collateral as of December 31, 2025 and December
31, 2024, respectively. The fair value of non-cash collateral received was $45.6 billion and $56.3 billion, of which $43.4
billion and $49.0 billion could be sold or repledged, as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
None of the underlying collateral we received was sold or repledged as of December 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.
Debt Debt
Our consolidated balance sheets contain debt of Fannie Mae as well as debt of consolidated trusts. We report debt
issued by us as “Debt of Fannie Mae” and by consolidated trusts as “Debt of consolidated trusts.” Debt issued by us
represents debt that we issue to third parties to fund our general business activities and certain credit risk-sharing
securities. The debt of consolidated trusts represents the amount of Fannie Mae MBS issued from such trusts that is
held by third-party certificateholders and prepayable without penalty at any time. We report deferred items, including
premiums, discounts and other cost basis adjustments, as adjustments to the related debt balances in our consolidated
balance sheets. Our liability to third-party holders of Fannie Mae MBS that arises as the result of a consolidation of a
securitization trust is collateralized by the underlying loans and/or mortgage-related securities.
We classify interest expense as either short-term or long-term based on the contractual maturity of the related debt. We
recognize the amortization of premiums, discounts and other cost basis adjustments through interest expense using the
effective yield method over the contractual term of the debt. Amortization of premiums, discounts and other cost basis
adjustments begins at the time of debt issuance.
We purchase and sell guaranteed MBS that have been issued through lender swap and portfolio securitization
transactions. When we purchase or sell a Fannie Mae MBS issued from a consolidated single-class securitization trust
and certain resecuritization trusts where the security that has been issued by the trust is substantially the same as the
underlying collateral, we extinguish or issue, respectively, the related debt of the consolidated trust to reflect the debt
that is owed to a third-party. For the extinguishment of debt, we record debt extinguishment gains or losses related to
debt of consolidated trusts for any difference between the purchase price of the MBS and the carrying value of the
related consolidated MBS debt reported in our consolidated balance sheets (including unamortized premiums, discounts
and other cost basis adjustments) at the time of purchase as a component of “Investment gains (losses), net” in our
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. When we issue consolidated debt, the debt is
recorded at its fair value with any premiums or discounts amortized over the securities’ contractual life.
New Accounting Guidance New Accounting Guidance
Income Taxes
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)
2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which enhances the required
disclosures primarily related to the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The ASU requires an entity’s
income tax rate reconciliation to provide additional information for reconciling items meeting a quantitative threshold,
and to disclose certain selected categories within the income tax rate reconciliation. The ASU also requires entities to
disclose the amount of income taxes paid, disaggregated by federal, state and foreign taxes. We adopted this ASU
retrospectively for the annual period ended December 31, 2025. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material
impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Purchased Financial Assets
In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-08, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Purchased
Loans which amends the guidance to align the accounting for purchased seasoned loans with the accounting for
purchases of financial assets that have experienced more-than-insignificant credit deterioration since origination.
Specifically, the ASU requires a “gross-up approach” on purchased seasoned loans such that the initial measurement of
the loan is equal to the purchase price plus the expected credit losses on the loan at the date of acquisition. Seasoned
purchased loans include loans obtained in a business combination and loans acquired more than 90 days after their
origination date by a transferee that was not involved in their origination.
The ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and the guidance is applied prospectively
to loans acquired on or after January 1, 2027. We are currently evaluating the impact that the new guidance will have on
our consolidated financial statements
Conservatorship Conservatorship
In September 2008, FHFA was appointed as our conservator pursuant to authority provided by the Federal Housing
Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, as amended (the “GSE Act”). Conservatorship is a statutory
process designed to preserve and conserve our assets and property and put the company in a sound and solvent
condition. Our conservatorship has no specified termination date.
FHFA, as conservator, succeeded to:
all rights, titles, powers and privileges of Fannie Mae, and of any stockholder, officer or director of Fannie Mae
with respect to Fannie Mae and its assets; and
title to the books, records and assets of any other legal custodian of Fannie Mae.
As conservator, FHFA has broad authority over our business and operations, including the authority to:
direct us to enter into contracts or enter into contracts on our behalf; and
transfer or sell our assets or liabilities.
The GSE Act provides special protections for mortgage loans and mortgage-related assets we hold in trust. Specifically,
mortgage loans and mortgage-related assets that have been transferred to a Fannie Mae MBS trust must be held by the
conservator for the beneficial owners of such MBS and cannot be used to satisfy the company’s general creditors.
While we are operating in conservatorship, our directors:
serve on behalf of the conservator;
exercise their authority as directed by and with the approval (where required) of the conservator;
owe their fiduciary duties of care and loyalty solely to the conservator, and not to either the company or the
stockholders; and
are elected by the conservator, not by our stockholders.
FHFA, as conservator, has issued an order authorizing our Board of Directors to exercise specified functions and
authorities, and instructions regarding matters for which conservator decision or notification is required. The conservator
retains the authority to amend or withdraw its order and instructions at any time.
The conservator has suspended stockholder meetings since conservatorship, and our common stockholders are not
empowered to vote on directors or any other matters. The conservator also eliminated dividends on our common and
preferred stock (other than dividends on the senior preferred stock described below) during the conservatorship.
Receivership
Under the GSE Act, the FHFA Director must place us into receivership if he determines that our assets are less than our
obligations (that is, we have a net worth deficit) or if we have not been paying our debts as they become due, in either
case, for a period of 60 days. FHFA has clarified that the 60-day measurement period will commence no earlier than the
SEC filing deadline for our Form 10-K or Form 10-Q for the relevant period. In addition, the FHFA Director may, with the
prior consent of Treasury, place us into receivership at the Director’s discretion at any time for other reasons set forth in
the GSE Act, including if we are critically undercapitalized or if we are undercapitalized and have no reasonable
prospect of becoming adequately capitalized. Should we be placed into receivership, different assumptions would be
required to determine the carrying value of our assets, which would likely lead to substantially different financial results.
Related Parties Related Parties
Because Treasury holds a warrant to purchase shares of Fannie Mae common stock equal to 79.9% of the total number
of shares of Fannie Mae common stock, we and Treasury are deemed related parties. As of December 31, 2025,
Treasury held an investment in our senior preferred stock with an aggregate liquidation preference of $227.0 billion.
FHFA’s control of both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac has caused Fannie Mae, FHFA and Freddie Mac to be deemed
related parties. Additionally, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac jointly own U.S. Financial Technology, LLC (“U.S. FinTech”),
formerly named Common Securitization Solutions, LLC, a limited liability company created to operate a common
securitization platform; as a result, U.S. FinTech is deemed a related party.
Recurring transactions with our related parties are described below:
Related Party
Transaction
Description
Treasury
Temporary Payroll
Tax Cut Continuation
Act of 2011 (“TCCA”)
Under the TCCA, we have an obligation to collect 10 basis points in
guaranty fees on single-family mortgages delivered to us and pay the
associated revenue to Treasury. The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs
Act was enacted in November 2021 and extended our obligation under the
TCCA to October 1, 2032. In January 2022, FHFA advised us to continue
to collect and pay these TCCA fees on and after October 1, 2032 with
respect to loans we acquired before this date until those loans are paid off
or otherwise liquidated.
Capital Magnet Fund
The GSE Act requires us to set aside funding obligations for Treasury’s
Capital Magnet Fund. These funding obligations are measured as the
product of 4.2 basis points and the UPB of our total new business
purchases for the respective period, with 35% of this amount payable to
Treasury’s Capital Magnet Fund.
FHFA
Annual Assessments
under the GSE Act
The GSE Act authorizes FHFA to establish an annual assessment for
regulated entities, including Fannie Mae, for FHFA’s costs and expenses,
as well as to maintain FHFA’s working capital.
Treasury &
Freddie Mac
Making Home
Affordable Program
We served as program administrator for Treasury’s Home Affordable
Modification Program (“HAMP”) and other initiatives under Treasury’s
Making Home Affordable Program. Our role as program administrator
concluded in the third quarter of 2023. We received reimbursements from
Treasury and Freddie Mac for expenses incurred in this role and our final
reimbursement was received in the fourth quarter of 2023.
U.S. FinTech &
Freddie Mac
Equity Investment in
U.S. FinTech
Our investment in U.S. FinTech is accounted for using the equity method.
As a part of our joint ownership, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and U.S.
FinTech are parties to several agreements which set forth the overall
framework for the joint venture and the terms under which U.S. FinTech
provides mortgage securitization services to us and Freddie Mac. U.S.
FinTech operates as a separate company from us and Freddie Mac, with
all funding and limited administrative support services and other resources
provided to it by us and Freddie Mac.
Financing Receivable, Loss Mitigation As part of our loss mitigation activities, we may agree to modify the contractual terms of a loan to a borrower
experiencing financial difficulty. In addition to loan modifications, we also provide other loss mitigation options to assist
borrowers who experience financial difficulties.
Below we provide disclosures relating to loan restructurings where borrowers were experiencing financial difficulty,
including restructurings that resulted in an insignificant payment delay. The disclosures exclude loans classified as held
for sale and those for which we have elected the fair value option.Single-Family Loan Restructurings
We offer several types of restructurings to single-family borrowers that may result in a payment delay, interest rate
reduction, term extension, or combination thereof. We do not typically offer principal forgiveness.
We offer the following types of restructurings to single-family borrowers that only result in a payment delay:
a forbearance plan is a short-term loss mitigation option which grants a period of time (typically in 6-month
increments and generally do not exceed a total of 12 months) during which the borrower’s monthly payment
obligations are reduced or suspended. A forbearance plan does not impact our reporting of when a loan is
considered past due, which remains based on the contractual terms of the loan. Borrowers may exit a
forbearance plan by repaying all past due amounts to fully reinstate the loan, paying off the loan in full, or
entering into another loss mitigation option, such as a repayment plan, a payment deferral, or a loan
modification.
a repayment plan is a short-term loss mitigation option that allows borrowers a specific period of time to return
the loan to current status by paying the regular monthly payment plus additional agreed-upon delinquent
amounts (generally for a period up to 12 months and the monthly repayment plan amount must not exceed
150% of the contractual mortgage payment). A repayment plan does not impact our reporting of when a loan is
considered past due, which remains based on the contractual terms of the loan. At the end of the repayment
plan, the borrower resumes making the regular monthly payment; and
a payment deferral is a loss mitigation option which defers the repayment of the delinquent principal and
interest payments and other eligible default-related amounts that were advanced on behalf of the borrower by
converting them into a non-interest-bearing balance due at the earlier of the payoff date, the maturity date, or
sale or transfer of the property. The remaining mortgage terms, interest rate, payment schedule, and maturity
date remain unchanged, and no trial period is required. The number of months of payments deferred varies
based on the types of hardships the borrower is facing.
We also offer single-family borrowers loan modifications, which contractually change the terms of the loan. Our loan
modification programs generally require completion of a trial period of three to four months where the borrower makes
reduced monthly payments prior to receiving the modification. During the trial period, the mortgage loan is not
contractually modified and continues to be reported as past due according to its contractual terms. The reduced
payments that are made by the borrower during the trial period will result in a payment delay with respect to the original
contractual terms of the loan. After successful completion of the trial period, and the borrower’s execution of a
modification agreement, the mortgage loan is contractually modified.
Loan modifications include the following concessions as necessary to achieve a targeted payment reduction as outlined
by our Servicing Guide:
capitalization of past due amounts, a form of payment delay, which capitalizes interest and other eligible default
related amounts that were advanced on behalf of the borrower that are past due into the UPB; and
a term extension, which may extend the contractual maturity date of the loan up to 40 years from the effective
date of the modification.
In addition to these concessions, loan modifications may also include an interest rate reduction, which reduces the
contractual interest rate of the loan, or a principal forbearance, which is another form of payment delay that includes
forbearing repayment of a portion of the principal balance as a non-interest bearing amount that is due at the earlier of
the payoff date, the maturity date, or sale or transfer of the property.
Multifamily Loan Restructurings
For multifamily borrowers, loan restructurings include short-term forbearance plans and loan modification programs,
which primarily result in term extensions of up to one year with no change to the loan’s interest rate. In certain cases,
we may make more significant modifications of terms for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, such as reducing the
interest rate, converting to interest-only payments, extending the maturity for longer than one year, providing principal
forbearance, or some combination of these terms. In some instances when a loan is restructured, we may require
additional collateral, which may take the form of a guaranty from another entity, to further mitigate the risk of
nonperformance.
Our estimate of future credit losses uses a lifetime methodology, derived from modeled loan performance based on
extensive historical experience of loans with similar risk characteristics, adjusted to reflect current conditions and
reasonable and supportable forecasts. The historical loss experience used in our single-family and multifamily credit
loss models includes the impact of the loss mitigation options provided to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, and
also includes the impact of projected loss severities as a result of a loan default.
Financial Guarantees We recognize a guaranty obligation for our obligation to stand ready to perform on our guarantees to unconsolidated
trusts and other guaranty arrangements. These off-balance sheet guarantees expose us to credit losses primarily
relating to the UPB of our unconsolidated Fannie Mae MBS and other financial guarantees.We measure our guaranty reserve for estimated credit losses for off-balance sheet exposures over the
contractual period for which they are exposed to the credit risk, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by
the issuer.
Earnings per Share Earnings per Share
Earnings per share (“EPS”) is presented for basic and diluted EPS. However, as a result of our conservatorship status
and the terms of the senior preferred stock, no amounts would be available to distribute as dividends to common or
preferred stockholders (other than to Treasury as the holder of the senior preferred stock).
We compute basic EPS by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of
shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Net income attributable to common stockholders excludes
amounts attributable to the senior preferred stock because such amounts increase the liquidation preference of the
senior preferred stock and therefore are required to be excluded from basic EPS. See further information on the senior
preferred stock above in “Senior Preferred Stock.”
Risk Characteristics of our Guaranty Book of Business One of the measures by which management gauges our credit risk is the delinquency status of the mortgage loans in
our guaranty book of business.
For single-family and multifamily loans, management uses this information, in conjunction with housing market data,
other economic data, our capital requirements and our mission objectives, to help inform changes to our eligibility and
underwriting criteria. Management also uses this data together with other credit risk measures to identify key trends that
guide the development of our loss mitigation strategies.
Acquired Property, Net When an insured loan held in our retained mortgage portfolio subsequently goes into foreclosure, we charge off the
loan, eliminating any previously-recorded loss reserves, and record REO and a mortgage insurance receivable for the
claim proceeds deemed probable of recovery, as appropriate. However, if a mortgage insurer rescinds, cancels or
denies insurance coverage, the initial receivable becomes due from the mortgage seller or servicer.
Derivatives, Hedging Pursuant to our fair value hedge accounting program, we may designate certain interest-rate swaps as hedging
instruments in hedges of the change in fair value attributable to the designated benchmark interest rate for certain
closed pools of fixed-rate, single-family mortgage loans or our funding debt. For hedged items in qualifying fair value
hedging relationships, changes in fair value attributable to the designated risk are recognized as a basis adjustment to
the hedged item. We also report changes in the fair value of the derivative hedging instrument in the same consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive income line item used to recognize the earnings effect of the hedged
item’s basis adjustment.
Derivatives, Offsetting Derivative instruments are recorded at fair value and securities purchased under agreements to resell are recorded at
amortized cost in our consolidated balance sheets.
We determine our rights to offset the assets and liabilities presented above with the same counterparty, including
collateral posted or received, based on the contractual arrangements entered into with our individual counterparties and
various rules and regulations that would govern the insolvency of a derivative counterparty.
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurement
Fair value measurement guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and sets forth
disclosures around fair value measurements. This guidance applies whenever other accounting guidance requires or
permits assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value. The guidance establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that
prioritizes the inputs into the valuation techniques used to measure fair value as follows:
Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Limited observable inputs or observable inputs for similar assets and liabilities.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs.
In our consolidated balance sheets certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that
is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in
certain circumstances (for example, when we evaluate loans for impairment).
Fair Value Option
We generally elect the fair value option on a financial instrument when the accounting guidance would otherwise require
us to separately account for a derivative that is embedded in the instrument at fair value. Under the fair value option, we
carry this type of instrument, in its entirety, at fair value instead of separately accounting for the derivative.
Interest income from the mortgage loans is recorded in “Interest income: Mortgage loans” and interest expense for the
debt instruments is recorded in “Interest expense: Long-term debt” in our consolidated statements of operations and
comprehensive income.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments The fair value of
financial instruments we disclose includes commitments to purchase multifamily and single-family mortgage loans that
we do not record in our consolidated balance sheets. The fair values of these commitments are included as “Mortgage
loans held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses.” The disclosure excludes all non-financial instruments;
therefore, the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities does not represent the underlying fair value of our total
consolidated assets and liabilities.
Commitments and Contingencies On a quarterly basis, we review relevant information about pending legal actions and proceedings for the purpose of
evaluating and revising our contingencies, accruals and disclosures. We establish an accrual only for matters when the
likelihood of a loss is probable and we can reasonably estimate the amount of such loss. We are often unable to
estimate the possible losses or ranges of losses, particularly for proceedings that are in their early stages of
development, where plaintiffs seek indeterminate or unspecified damages, where there may be novel or unsettled legal
questions relevant to the proceedings, or where settlement negotiations have not occurred or progressed. Given the
uncertainties involved in any action or proceeding, regardless of whether we have established an accrual, the ultimate
resolution of certain of these matters may be material to our operating results for a particular period, depending on,
among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of our net income or loss for that period.
Commitments to Purchase and Sell Mortgage Loans and Securities We have $52.9 billion in unconditional commitments related to the purchase of loans and mortgage-related securities.
These are primarily mortgage commitment derivatives with maturities under one year and include both on- and off-
balance sheet commitments. A portion of these have been recorded as derivatives in our consolidated balance sheets.
Variable Interest Entity We consolidate the substantial majority of our single-class securitization trusts because our role as
guarantor and master servicer provides us with the power to direct activities (primarily the servicing of mortgage loans)
that impact the credit risk to which we are exposed. In contrast, we do not consolidate single-class securitization trusts
when other organizations have the power to direct these activities unless we have the unilateral ability to dissolve the
trust. We also do not consolidate our resecuritization trusts unless we have the unilateral ability to dissolve the trust.We do not have any incremental rights or powers related to resecuritization trusts that would enable us to direct any
activities of the underlying trust. As a result, we have concluded that we are not the primary beneficiary of, and therefore
do not consolidate, our resecuritization trusts unless we have the unilateral right to dissolve the trust. We have this right
when we hold 100% of the beneficial interests issued by the resecuritization trust.