AS
FILED WITH THE U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON
1933 Act Registration File No.: 333-264478
1940 Act File No.: 811-23793
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | ☑ |
| Pre-Effective Amendment No. ___ | ☐ |
| Post-Effective Amendment No. 527 | ☑ |
| and/or | |
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | ☑ |
| Amendment No. 530 | ☑ |
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
234 West Florida Street, Suite 700
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Zip Code)
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code) (855) 843-2534
The Corporation Trust Company
1209 Orange Street
Corporation Trust Center
Wilmington, DE 19801
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copies to:
Eric W. Falkeis Tidal ETF Services LLC 234 West Florida Street, Suite 700 Milwaukee, WI 53204 |
Rachael L. Schwartz Sullivan & Worcester LLP 1251
Avenue of the Americas |
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
| ☐ | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) | |
| ☑ | on February 9, 2026 pursuant to paragraph (b) | |
| ☐ | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) | |
| ☐ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) | |
| ☐ | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) | |
| ☐ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of rule 485 |
Explanatory Note: This Post-Effective Amendment No. 527 to the Registration Statement of Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”) is being filed to respond to Staff comments with respect to the registration statement of Defiance AdvMicrDev LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance AAPL LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Blkstne LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance CRCL LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance COIN LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance FcBk LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance MSTR LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance NVDA LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance ORCL LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance PLTR LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance TSLA LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Bitcoin LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Ethereum LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Gold LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Gold Miners LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Silver LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Solana LightningSpread™ Income ETF and Defiance XRP LightningSpread™ Income ETF as eighteen new series of the Trust, and to make other permissible changes under Rule 485(b).

Defiance AdvMicrDev LightningSpread™ Income ETF (AMLS)
Defiance AAPL LightningSpread™ Income ETF (AALS)
Defiance Blkstne LightningSpread™ Income ETF (BXLS)
Defiance CRCL LightningSpread™ Income ETF (CRLS)
Defiance COIN LightningSpread™ Income ETF (COLS)
Defiance FcBk LightningSpread™ Income ETF (MELS)
Defiance MSTR LightningSpread™ Income ETF (MSLS)
Defiance NVDA LightningSpread™ Income ETF (NVLS)
Defiance ORCL LightningSpread™ Income ETF (ORLS)
Defiance PLTR LightningSpread™ Income ETF (PLLS)
Defiance TSLA LightningSpread™ Income ETF (TLLS)
Each listed on Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc.
PROSPECTUS
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) has not approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | ||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % | ||
| (1) |
| (2) |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the common stock of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (“AMD” or the “Underlying Security”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
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Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying Security
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying Security directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying Security (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying Security, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying Security, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying Security. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying Security over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying Security with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying Security declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry to which the Underlying Security is assigned.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (“AMD, Inc.” or “AMD”)
AMD, Inc. is a global semiconductor company. Semiconductors are components used in a variety of electronic products and systems. AMD is listed on The NASDAQ Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”). Per AMD, Inc.’s most recent Form 10-K filing, as of June 28, 2024, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $261.4 billion based on the reported closing sale price of $162.21 per share as reported on Nasdaq on June 28, 2024, which was the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
AMD is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by AMD, Inc. pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-07882 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding AMD, Inc. may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
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This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the Underlying Security or other securities of AMD, Inc. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding AMD, Inc. from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to AMD, Inc. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding AMD, Inc. is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of the Underlying Security (and therefore the price of the Underlying Security at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning AMD, Inc. could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of the Underlying Security.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH AMD, INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, AMD, INC.
Moreover, AMD, Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. AMD, Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. AMD, Inc. does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by AMD, Inc.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by AMD or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, the Underlying Security is assigned to the semiconductors and semiconductor equipment industry.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
AMD Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of AMD. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of AMD, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of AMD, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in AMD Risk. AMD is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence the management of AMD but will be exposed to the performance of AMD (the underlying stock). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying stock but will be subject to declines in the performance of the underlying stock.
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AMD Trading Risk. The trading price of AMD may be highly volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors. The stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In particular, a large proportion of AMD may be traded by short sellers which may put pressure on the supply and demand for the common stock of AMD, further influencing volatility in its market price. Public perception and other factors outside of the control of AMD may additionally impact AMD’s stock price due to AMD garnering a disproportionate degree of public attention, regardless of actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies such as these. Moreover, stockholder litigation like this has been filed against AMD in the past. While AMD continues to defend such actions, any judgment against AMD, or any future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of the management of AMD’s attention and resources. If AMD trading is halted, trading in Shares of the AMD Fund may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
AMD Performance Risk. AMD may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of AMD to decline. AMD provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance AMD provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If AMD’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by AMD could decline significantly.
Semiconductor Company Risk. Competitive pressures may have a significant effect on the financial condition of semiconductor companies and, as product cycles shorten and manufacturing capacity increases, these companies may become increasingly subject to aggressive pricing, which hampers profitability. Reduced demand for end-user products, under-utilization of manufacturing capacity, and other factors could adversely impact the operating results of companies in the semiconductor sector. Semiconductor companies typically face high capital costs and may be heavily dependent on intellectual property rights. The semiconductor sector is highly cyclical, which may cause the operating results of many semiconductor companies to vary significantly. The stock prices of companies in the semiconductor sector have been and likely will continue to be extremely volatile.
Competition Risk. The markets in which AMD’s products are sold are highly competitive and rapidly evolving. AMD expects that competition will continue to be intense due to rapid technological changes, new and evolving industry standards, changing customer preferences and requirements, and frequent introductions by competitors of products that may provide better performance/experience or that may include additional features that render AMD’s products comparatively less competitive. In addition, Intel Corporation’s dominance of the microprocessor market and its aggressive business practices may limit AMD’s ability to compete effectively on a level playing field. In addition, NVIDIA Corporation’s Data Center GPU market share position, significant financial resources, introduction of competitive new products and proprietary software ecosystem have enabled it to market and price its products in a manner to encourage the selection of NVIDIA-based systems and to influence customers who do business with AMD.
Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
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Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying Security prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying Security declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
If the Underlying Security experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
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Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or group of industries assigned to the Underlying Security. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
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Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
Market Capitalization Risk
Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
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Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | ||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % | ||
| (1) |
| (2) |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the common stock of Apple Inc. (“AAPL” or the “Underlying Security”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
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Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying Security
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying Security directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying Security (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying Security, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying Security, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying Security. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying Security over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying Security with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying Security declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry to which the Underlying Security is assigned.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
Apple Inc. (“AAPL”)
Apple Inc. designs, manufactures, and markets smartphones, personal computers, tablets, wearable and accessories, and sells a variety of related services. Apple Inc. is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”). Per Apple Inc.’s most recent Form 10-K filing, the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, as of March 28, 2025, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $3.3 trillion.
Apple Inc. is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by Apple Inc. pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to the SEC file number 001-36743 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding Apple Inc. may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
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This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the Underlying Security or other securities of Apple Inc. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding Apple Inc. from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to Apple Inc. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding Apple Inc. is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of the Underlying Security (and therefore the price of the Underlying Security at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning Apple Inc. could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of the Underlying Security.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH APPLE INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, APPLE INC.
Moreover, Apple Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Apple Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Apple Inc. does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Apple Inc.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by Apple Inc. or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, AAPL is assigned to the technology hardware, storage and peripherals industry.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
AAPL Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of AAPL. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of AAPL, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of AAPL, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in AAPL Risk. Apple Inc. is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of Apple Inc. but will be exposed to the performance of AAPL (the underlying stock). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying stock but will be subject to declines in the performance of the underlying stock.
AAPL Trading Risk. The trading price of AAPL may be volatile and subject to significant fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond Apple Inc.’s control. The broader equity markets, and particularly those for large technology companies, have experienced substantial price and volume volatility that is often disproportionate to changes in operating performance. Factors such as shifts in consumer demand, supply chain disruptions, macroeconomic conditions, or changes in investor sentiment toward the technology sector may cause AAPL’s trading price to vary significantly. Public perception and media attention surrounding Apple Inc., its products, and its leadership can also affect market valuation independent of financial results. Furthermore, following periods of stock price volatility, securities class action litigation has often been brought against public companies, including Apple Inc. Any such proceedings could result in significant legal costs, potential liabilities, and diversion of management attention, which may adversely affect Apple Inc.’s operations and financial condition.
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Apple Inc. Performance Risk. Apple Inc. may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of AAPL to decline. Apple Inc. provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance Apple Inc. provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If Apple Inc.’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by Apple Inc. could decline significantly.
Technology Industry Risk. The technology industry, including, in some instances, Apple Inc., is subject to intense media, political and regulatory scrutiny, which may expose Apple Inc. to increasing regulation, government investigations, legal actions and penalties.
From time to time, Apple Inc. has made changes to its App Store, including actions taken in response to competition, market and legal conditions. Apple Inc. may make further business changes in the future. New legislative initiatives, such as the proposed EU Digital Markets Act, could, if enacted, require further changes. These changes could include how and to what extent Apple Inc. charges developers for access to its platforms and manages distribution of apps outside of the App Store.
Apple Inc. is also currently subject to antitrust investigations in various jurisdictions around the world, which can result in legal proceedings and claims against Apple Inc. that could, individually or in the aggregate, have a materially adverse impact on Apple Inc.’s business, results of operations and financial condition. For example, Apple Inc. is the subject of investigations in Europe and other jurisdictions relating to App Store terms and conditions. If such investigations result in adverse findings against Apple Inc., it could be exposed to significant fines and may be required to make changes to its App Store business, all of which could materially adversely affect Apple Inc.’s business, results of operations and financial condition. Apple Inc. is also subject to litigation relating to the App Store, which has resulted in changes to Apple Inc.’s business practices, and may in the future result in further changes.
Further, Apple Inc. has commercial relationships with other companies in the technology industry that are or may become subject to investigations and litigation that, if resolved against those other companies, could adversely affect Apple Inc.’s commercial relationships with those business partners and materially adversely affect Apple Inc.’s business, results of operations and financial condition. For example, Apple Inc. earns revenue from licensing arrangements with other companies to offer their search services on Apple Inc.’s platforms and apps, and certain of these arrangements are currently subject to government investigations and legal proceedings.
There can be no assurance Apple Inc.’s business will not be materially adversely affected, individually or in the aggregate, by the outcomes of such investigations, litigation or changes to laws and regulations in the future. Changes to Apple Inc.’s business practices to comply with new laws and regulations or in connection with other legal proceedings could negatively impact the reputation of Apple Inc.’s products for privacy and security and otherwise adversely affect the experience for users of Apple Inc.’s products and services, and result in harm to Apple Inc.’s reputation, loss of competitive advantage, poor market acceptance, reduced demand for products and services, and lost sales.
Global Events Risk. Apple Inc.’s business can be impacted by political events, trade and other international disputes, war, terrorism, natural disasters, public health issues, industrial accidents and other business interruptions. Political events, trade and other international disputes, war, terrorism, natural disasters, public health issues, industrial accidents and other business interruptions can harm or disrupt international commerce and the global economy, and could have a material adverse effect on Apple Inc. and its customers, suppliers, contract manufacturers, logistics providers, distributors, cellular network carriers and other channel partners.
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Apple Inc. has a large, global business with sales outside the U.S. representing a majority of Apple Inc.’s total net sales, and Apple Inc. believes that it generally benefits from growth in international trade. Substantially all of Apple Inc.’s manufacturing is performed in whole or in part by outsourcing partners located primarily in Asia, including China mainland, India, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam. Trade policies and disputes and other international conflicts can result in tariffs, sanctions and other measures that restrict international trade, and can materially adversely affect Apple Inc.’s business, particularly if these measures occur in regions where Apple Inc. derives a significant portion of its revenues and/or has significant supply chain operations. For example, tensions between the U.S. and China have led to a series of tariffs being imposed by the U.S. on imports from China mainland, as well as other business restrictions. Tariffs increase the cost of Apple Inc.’s products and the components and raw materials that go into making them. These increased costs can adversely impact the gross margin that Apple Inc. earns on its products. Tariffs can also make Apple Inc.’s products more expensive for customers, which could make Apple Inc.’s products less competitive and reduce consumer demand. Countries may also adopt other measures, such as controls on imports or exports of goods, technology or data, that could adversely impact Apple Inc.’s operations and supply chain and limit Apple Inc.’s ability to offer its products and services as designed. These measures can require Apple Inc. to take various actions, including changing suppliers, restructuring business relationships, and ceasing to offer third-party applications on its platforms. Changing Apple Inc.’s operations in accordance with new or changed trade restrictions can be expensive, time-consuming and disruptive to Apple Inc.’s operations. Such restrictions can be announced with little or no advance notice and Apple Inc. may not be able to effectively mitigate all adverse impacts from such measures. If disputes and conflicts further escalate in the future, actions by governments in response could be significantly more severe and restrictive and could materially adversely affect Apple Inc.’s business. Political uncertainty surrounding trade and other international disputes could also have a negative effect on consumer confidence and spending, which could adversely affect Apple Inc.’s business.
Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying Security prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying Security declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
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The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
If the Underlying Security experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or group of industries assigned to the Underlying Security. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
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ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
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Market Capitalization Risk
Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
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Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | ||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % | ||
| (1) |
| (2) |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the common stock of Blackstone Inc. (“BX” or the “Underlying Security”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
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Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying Security
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying Security directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying Security (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying Security, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying Security, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying Security. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying Security over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying Security with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying Security declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry to which the Underlying Security is assigned.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
Blackstone Inc. (“BX”)
Blackstone Inc. is an alternative asset manager, with total assets under management exceeding $1.2 trillion as of September 30, 2025. Blackstone’s global investment platform encompasses strategies across real estate, private equity, infrastructure, life sciences, growth equity, credit, real assets, secondaries, and hedge funds. Blackstone Inc. is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Per Blackstone Inc.’s most recent Form 10-K filing, as of June 30, 2024, the aggregate market value of the shares of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $88.2 billion.
Blackstone Inc. is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by Blackstone Inc. pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to the SEC file number 001-33551 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding Blackstone Inc. may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
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This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the Underlying Security or other securities of Blackstone Inc. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding Blackstone Inc. from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to Blackstone Inc. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding Blackstone Inc. is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of the Underlying Security (and therefore the price of the Underlying Security at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning Blackstone Inc. could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of the Underlying Security.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH BLACKSTONE INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, BLACKSTONE INC.
Moreover, Blackstone Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Blackstone Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Blackstone Inc. does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Blackstone Inc.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by Blackstone Inc. or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, BX is assigned to the capital markets industry.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
BX Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of BX. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of BX, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of BX, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in BX Risk. Blackstone Inc. is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of Blackstone Inc. but will be exposed to the performance of BX (the underlying stock). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying stock but will be subject to declines in the performance of the underlying stock.
BX Trading Risk. BX may be volatile and subject to significant fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond BX’s control. These factors include variations in operating results, changes in market conditions affecting the asset-management industry, fluctuations in interest rates, and changes in investor sentiment regarding the alternative-investment sector. Broader stock market volatility may also affect BX’s trading price, and such fluctuations may be disproportionate to changes in Blackstone Inc.’s operating performance. Public perception of Blackstone Inc., the alternative-asset-management industry, or the broader financial markets may further influence the market price of BX. Periods of market stress or negative publicity can adversely affect investor confidence and trading dynamics. In addition, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class-action litigation has often been instituted against issuers. Blackstone has, from time to time, been subject to stockholder litigation and may be involved in such actions in the future. Any adverse judgments, settlements, or costs associated with these proceedings could have a material effect on BX’s financial condition or divert management’s attention from business operations.
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Blackstone Inc. Performance Risk. The financial performance and market price of BX depend on its ability to meet investor and analyst expectations. Blackstone Inc. may from time to time provide forward-looking information regarding anticipated fundraising, investment performance, or earnings, all of which involve inherent uncertainty. These expectations rely on assumptions about economic conditions, market performance, and other factors largely outside of Blackstone Inc.’s control. Adverse market developments, reduced investment performance, or slower capital deployment could cause results to differ materially from expectations and negatively affect investor confidence. If Blackstone Inc. fails to achieve projected financial or strategic objectives, or if actual results fall short of market expectations, the trading price of BX could decline significantly.
Market and Economic Risk. Blackstone Inc.’s performance is materially exposed to macroeconomic, financial market and geopolitical developments. Unfavorable downturns such as economic recessions, inflationary pressures, rapid interest-rate increases, capital-market disruptions or global geopolitical instability may materially reduce the value of the assets under management, impair fundraising and realization activities, and adversely affect operating results, financial condition and cash flows. Additionally, elevated interest rates or constrained access to capital markets may reduce the ability of funds or portfolio companies to execute or realize investments, creating downward pressure on returns.
Fundraising and Realization Risk. Blackstone Inc.’s asset-management model relies heavily on its ability to raise new third-party capital, deploy it in attractive investments, and realize those investments at favorable valuations. A slowdown in fundraising, or deterioration in the performance of its funds and underlying assets, could reduce management fee revenue, impair performance fee (“carry”) recognition and may even necessitate the repayment of already-paid performance allocations. Moreover, the valuations of private assets and funds are inherently subjective and may not be realized in the market; if actual exit values or timing diverge from expectations, Blackstone Inc.’s financial results and investor returns may suffer.
Operational, Regulatory and Conflict-of-Interest Risk. Blackstone Inc.’s operations span multiple jurisdictions and asset classes, subjecting it to complex regulatory regimes — including securities, tax, anti-money-laundering and investment-adviser rules. Extensive regulation may impede Blackstone Inc.’s ability to deploy capital, monetize investments or operate certain businesses. In addition, given Blackstone Inc.’s scale and the breadth of its business lines, conflicts of interest may arise (for example, in the allocation of investment opportunities among funds and vehicles, or in transactions between affiliated or side-by-side vehicles). The management of such conflicts is critical and the failure to do so effectively could impair investor confidence, may lead to reputational damage, and could result in adverse investor or regulatory actions.
Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying Security prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying Security declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
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The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
If the Underlying Security experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
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Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or group of industries assigned to the Underlying Security. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
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Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
Market Capitalization Risk
Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
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Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | ||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % | ||
| (1) |
| (2) |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the common stock of Circle Internet Group, Inc. (“CRCL” or the “Underlying Security”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
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Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying Security
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying Security directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying Security (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying Security, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying Security, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying Security. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying Security over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying Security with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying Security declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry to which the Underlying Security is assigned.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
Circle Internet Group, Inc. (“Circle”)
Circle Internet Group, Inc. is a global financial technology firm that specializes in digital currencies and blockchain technology. Circle is the issuer of the USDC stablecoin, a crypto asset designed to be pegged to the U.S. dollar, and EURC stablecoin, a crypto asset designed to be pegged to the euro. Circle also provides various services and platform APIs for payments, commerce, and other financial applications. Shares of Circle’s Class A common stock (Ticker: CRCL) are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).
The Fund does not invest directly in stablecoin or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest directly in derivatives that track the performance of stablecoin or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest in or seek direct exposure to the current “spot” or cash price of stablecoin. Investors seeking direct exposure to the price of stablecoin should consider an investment other than the Fund.
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Circle is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by Circle pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-42671 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding Circle may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to CRCL or other securities of Circle. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding Circle from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to Circle. None of the Fund, the Trust, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding Circle is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of Circle (and therefore the share price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning Circle could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of the Underlying Security.
NONE OF THE FUND, THE TRUST, OR THE ADVISER IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH CIRCLE INTERNET GROUP, INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, CIRCLE INTERNET GROUP, INC.
Moreover, Circle Internet Group, Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Circle Internet Group, Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Circle Internet Group, Inc. does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Circle Internet Group, Inc.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by Circle or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, Circle is assigned to the software industry.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
Circle Internet Group, Inc. Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of CRCL. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of CRCL, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of CRCL, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in Circle Risk. Circle is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of Circle but will be exposed to the performance of CRCL (the Underlying Security). Investors in the Fund will not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to CRCL but will be subject to declines in the performance of CRCL.
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CRCL Trading Risk. The trading price of CRCL may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also play a significant role in trading CRCL, potentially affecting the supply and demand dynamics and contributing to market price volatility. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence CRCL’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a halt in trading of CRCL, trading in shares of related funds may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
Circle Performance Risk. Circle may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of CRCL to decline. Circle provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance Circle provides may not ultimately be accurate. If Circle’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of CRCL could decline significantly.
Software Industry Risk. The software industry can be significantly affected by intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or failing to obtain) patent approvals, the cost of litigating patent infringement and the loss of patent protection for products (which significantly increases pricing pressures and can materially reduce profitability with respect to such products). In addition, many software companies have limited operating histories. Prices of these companies’ securities historically have been more volatile than other securities, especially over the short term.
Stablecoin Risk. Circle’s performance depends significantly on the stability, trust, and circulation of Circle’s stablecoins, in particular the USDC and EURC stable coins (“Circle Stablecoins”), as well as the broader digital asset environment. Stablecoins remain in the early stages of adoption and regulatory development and are particularly susceptible to operational challenges, including those arising from surges in demand or systemic shocks. Stablecoins are subject to operational, market, and regulatory uncertainties. Changes in regulatory treatment, including legislation or enforcement actions restricting the issuance, redemption, or reserve management of stablecoins, could significantly impair Circle’s business model and financial condition. Circle’s stablecoins may be affected by market shocks, redemption activity, or disruptions in secondary marketplaces. Additionally, the broader digital asset industry is still developing standards around compliance, security, and governance. As a result, stablecoins face unique challenges that could impact their circulation, utility, and perception. Any adverse developments in these areas could materially affect the performance of Circle’s products and services.
Circle generates a large portion of its total revenue from interest income earned on the reserves backing its stablecoins. The size of these reserves is influenced by the amount of stablecoins in circulation, which in turn depends on demand for Circle’s products and services. The level of interest income is also affected by prevailing interest rates and the composition of the reserve assets. As a result, Circle’s revenue is subject to fluctuations in both market demand for stablecoins and macroeconomic conditions, including changes in interest rate environments.
The stablecoin market is becoming increasingly competitive, with rivals and potential entrants from traditional banks exploring stablecoin offerings. This could erode Circle’s market share and impact its revenue and profitability. Additionally, Circle is exposed to operational and cybersecurity risks inherent in managing a digital financial infrastructure, as well as technology risk tied to the performance of public blockchains on which Circle Stablecoins circulate.
While Circle Stablecoins are designed to be redeemable 1:1 for their underlying currencies (e.g., U.S. dollar, euro, etc.), there is a risk of a “de-peg,” where a token could trade below a 1:1 rate on third-party platforms. This could be triggered by events like a run on a bank holding Circle’s assets. Any perceived instability, lack of transparency or reserve shortfall could lead to rapid redemptions and reputational damage to Circle.
New Issuer Risk. Circle recently completed an initial public offering (i.e., CRCL has recently been made available on a stock exchange) and, as a result, its securities have a limited trading history. The share prices of new public companies may be highly volatile and may decline sharply following their initial public offering. Any of these factors may materially and adversely impact the share price of CRCL, increase the volatility of an investment in CRCL and have a negative impact on the performance of the Fund. Additionally, CRCL may in the future be traded by short sellers, which may put pressure on its supply and demand, further influencing volatility in its market price.
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Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying Security prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying Security declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
If the Underlying Security experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
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Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or group of industries assigned to the Underlying Security. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
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Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
Market Capitalization Risk
Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
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Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
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Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | ||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % | ||
| (1) |
| (2) |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the common stock of Coinbase Global, Inc. (“COIN” or the “Underlying Security”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
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Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying Security
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying Security directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying Security (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying Security, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying Security, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying Security. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying Security over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying Security with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying Security declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry to which the Underlying Security is assigned.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
Coinbase Global, Inc. (COIN)
Coinbase Global, Inc. offers a variety of products and services that enable individuals, businesses, and developers to participate in the crypto economy. It provides customers around the world with a platform for buying, selling, transferring, and storing digital assets. COIN is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. Per Coinbase Global, Inc.’s most recent Form 10-K filing, the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2024, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $44.6 billion based on the closing sales price of the registrant’s Class A common stock as reported on Nasdaq Global Select Market on that date.
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Coinbase Global, Inc. is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by Coinbase Global, Inc. pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-40289 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding Coinbase Global, Inc. may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the Underlying Security or other securities of Coinbase Global, Inc. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding Coinbase Global, Inc. from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to Coinbase Global, Inc. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding Coinbase Global, Inc. is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of the Underlying Security (and therefore the price of the Underlying Security at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning Coinbase Global, Inc. could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of the Underlying Security.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH COINBASE GLOBAL, INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, COINBASE GLOBAL, INC.
Moreover, Coinbase Global, Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Coinbase Global, Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Coinbase Global, Inc. does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Coinbase Global, Inc.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by COIN or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, the Underlying Security is assigned to the capital markets industry.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
Coinbase Global, Inc. Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of COIN. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of COIN, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of COIN, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in Coinbase Global, Inc. Risk. Coinbase Global, Inc. is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of Coinbase Global, Inc. but will be exposed to the performance of COIN (the underlying stock). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying stock but will be subject to declines in the performance of the underlying stock.
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COIN Trading Risk. The trading price of COIN may be highly volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors. The stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In particular, a large proportion of COIN may be traded by short sellers which may put pressure on the supply and demand for the common stock of Coinbase Global, Inc., further influencing volatility in its market price. Public perception and other factors outside of the control of Coinbase Global, Inc. may additionally impact COIN’s stock price due to Coinbase Global, Inc. garnering a disproportionate degree of public attention, regardless of actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies such as these. Moreover, stockholder litigation like this has been filed against Coinbase Global, Inc. in the past. While Coinbase Global, Inc. continues to defend such actions, any judgment against Coinbase Global, Inc., or any future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of the management of Coinbase Global, Inc.’s attention and resources. If COIN trading is halted, trading in Shares of the Fund may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
Coinbase Global, Inc. Performance Risk. Coinbase Global, Inc. may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of COIN to decline. Coinbase Global, Inc. provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance Coinbase Global, Inc. provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If Coinbase Global, Inc.’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by Coinbase Global, Inc. could decline significantly.
Digital Assets Risk. Although the Fund does not directly invest in digital assets, it is exposed to their risks through options contracts referencing COIN. Digital asset technologies are highly disruptive and uncertain, and rapid technological advances may render existing assets obsolete. Additionally, intellectual property disputes among digital asset companies may undermine confidence in their viability. Digital asset marketplaces are often unregulated and may shut down due to fraud, security breaches, technical failures, or external attacks. These assets are typically stored in digital wallets, accessible only via private keys—if lost or stolen, the assets may be irretrievable. Digital assets also face manipulation risks and reliance on third-party products with potential vulnerabilities. Historically, digital assets have exhibited extreme price volatility and may become highly illiquid in stressed markets. Their value is not necessarily correlated to traditional economic or market forces, and demand for a digital asset could collapse, potentially driving its value to zero.
Financials Companies Risk. Financial companies, such as retail and commercial banks, brokerage firms, insurance companies and financial services companies, are especially subject to the adverse effects of economic recession, currency exchange rates, extensive government regulation, decreases in the availability of capital, volatile interest rates, portfolio concentrations in geographic markets, industries or products (such as commercial and residential real estate loans) and competition from new entrants and blurred distinctions in their fields of business. The extent to which the Fund may invest in a company that engages in securities-related activities or banking is limited by applicable law. Governmental regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences for companies in the financials sector, including effects not intended by such regulation. The impact of changes in capital requirements, or recent or future regulation, on any financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The financials sector can be a target or cyberattacks, and may experience technology malfunctions and disruptions. These risks may be amplified for companies that operate online and digital platforms. In recent years, cyberattacks and technology malfunctions and failures have become increasingly frequent in this sector and have reportedly caused losses to companies in this sector.
Blockchain Related Company Risk. The performance of COIN, and consequently the Fund, is subject to risks associated with blockchain-related companies. Blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger that records cryptocurrency transactions, but its applications remain largely untested. Companies in this sector face volatile adoption rates, intense competition, and potential product obsolescence. Their financial performance is often tied to fluctuations in digital asset prices. Many blockchain companies operate with limited regulatory oversight, but stricter regulations could increase costs, restrict business activities, or even lead to prohibitions. Conversely, clearer regulations may benefit some companies. Additionally, blockchain firms store sensitive consumer data, making them targets for cybersecurity threats and theft. Loss or compromise of cryptographic keys could also result in irreversible asset losses.
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Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying Security prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying Security declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
If the Underlying Security experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
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Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or group of industries assigned to the Underlying Security. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
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Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
Market Capitalization Risk
Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
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Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
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Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | ||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % | ||
| (1) |
| (2) |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the common stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. (formerly Facebook, Inc.) (“META” or the “Underlying Security”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
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Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying Security
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying Security directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying Security (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying Security, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying Security, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying Security. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying Security over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying Security with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying Security declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry to which the Underlying Security is assigned.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
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Meta Platforms, Inc. (META)
Meta Platforms, Inc. (formerly Facebook, Inc.) is an operating company that operates as a social technology company. Meta Platforms, Inc. builds technology that helps people connect, find communities and grow businesses. Meta Platforms, Inc. offers social media-related products such as Facebook, Instagram, Messenger, Threads and WhatsApp as well as certain augmented and virtual reality products. Its products enable people to connect and share with friends and family through mobile devices, personal computers, virtual reality (VR) headsets, wearables, and in-home devices. Meta Platforms, Inc. also helps people cover and learn about what is going on in the world around them, enable people to share their opinions, ideas, photos and videos, and other activities with audiences ranging from their closest family members and friends to the public at large, and stay connected everywhere by accessing its products. META is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. Per Meta Platforms, Inc.’s most recent Form 10-K filing, the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2024, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $1,103 billion based upon the closing price reported for such date on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.
META is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by Meta Platforms, Inc. pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-35551 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding Meta Platforms, Inc. may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the Underlying Security or other securities of Meta Platforms, Inc. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding Meta Platforms, Inc. from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to Meta Platforms, Inc. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding Meta Platforms, Inc. is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of the Underlying Security (and therefore the price of the Underlying Security at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning Meta Platforms, Inc. could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of the Underlying Security.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH META PLATFORMS, INC.THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, META PLATFORMS, INC.
Moreover, Meta Platforms, Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Meta Platforms, Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Meta Platforms, Inc. does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Meta Platforms, Inc.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by META or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, the Underlying Security is assigned to the interactive media & services industry.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
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Meta Platforms, Inc. Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of META. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of META, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of META, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in Meta Platforms, Inc. Risk. Meta Platforms, Inc. is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of Meta Platforms, Inc. but will be exposed to the performance of META (the underlying stock). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying stock but will be subject to declines in the performance of the underlying stock.
META Trading Risk. The trading price of META may be highly volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors. The stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In particular, a large proportion of META may be traded by short sellers which may put pressure on the supply and demand for the common stock of Meta Platforms, Inc., further influencing volatility in its market price. Public perception and other factors outside of the control of Meta Platforms, Inc. may additionally impact META’s stock price due to Meta Platforms, Inc. garnering a disproportionate degree of public attention, regardless of actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies such as these. Moreover, stockholder litigation like this has been filed against Meta Platforms, Inc. in the past. While Meta Platforms, Inc. continues to defend such actions, any judgment against Meta Platforms, Inc., or any future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of the management of Meta Platforms, Inc.’s attention and resources. If META trading is halted, trading in Shares of the Fund may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
Meta Platforms, Inc. Performance Risk. Meta Platforms, Inc. may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of META to decline. Meta Platforms, Inc. provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance Meta Platforms, Inc. provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If Meta Platforms, Inc.’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by Meta Platforms, Inc. could decline significantly.
Communication Services Sector Risk. Communication services companies may be subject to specific risks associated with legislative or regulatory changes, adverse market conditions, intellectual property use and/or increased competition. Communication services companies are particularly vulnerable to rapid advancements in technology, the innovation of competitors, rapid product obsolescence and government regulation and competition, both domestically and internationally. Additionally, fluctuating domestic and international demand, shifting demographics and often unpredictable changes in consumer tastes can drastically affect a communication services company’s profitability. While all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain communication services companies may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
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Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying Security prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying Security declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
If the Underlying Security experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
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Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or group of industries assigned to the Underlying Security. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
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Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
Market Capitalization Risk
Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
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Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
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Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fee | % | ||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % | ||
| (1) |
| (2) |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the common stock of Strategy Inc (“MSTR” or the “Underlying Security”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
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Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying Security
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying Security directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying Security (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying Security, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying Security, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying Security. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying Security over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying Security with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying Security declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry to which the Underlying Security is assigned.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
Strategy Inc (“MSTR”)
MSTR has two main strategies for its business operations. One is to acquire and hold bitcoin, while the other is to grow its enterprise analytics software business. MSTR is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”). Per MSTR’s most recent Form 10-K filing, the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant (based on the last reported sale price of the registrant’s class A common stock on June 28, 2024 on Nasdaq) was approximately $23.499 billion. Additionally, per MSTR’s most recent 10-Q filing, digital assets represented approximately 99% of its total assets.
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MSTR is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by MSTR pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to the SEC file number 001-42509 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding MSTR may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to MSTR or other securities of MSTR. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding MSTR from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to MSTR. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding MSTR is accurate or complete.
Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of MSTR (and therefore the price of the Fund at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning MSTR could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of MSTR.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH STRATEGY INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, STRATEGY INC.
Moreover, Strategy Inc has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Strategy Inc does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Strategy Inc does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Strategy Inc.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by MSTR or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of the Underlying Security.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by MSTR or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, the Underlying Security is assigned to the software industry.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
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MSTR Risks. The Fund invests in options contracts that are based on the value of MSTR. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of MSTR, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in options contracts that are based on the value of MSTR, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in MSTR Risk. MSTR is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of MSTR but will be exposed to the performance of MSTR (the underlying stock). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying stock but will be subject to declines in the performance of the underlying stock.
MSTR Trading Risk. The trading price of MSTR may be highly volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors. The stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In particular, a large proportion of MSTR may be traded by short sellers which may put pressure on the supply and demand for the common stock of MSTR, further influencing volatility in its market price. Public perception and other factors outside of the control of MSTR may additionally impact MSTR’s share price due to MSTR garnering a disproportionate degree of public attention, regardless of actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies such as these. Moreover, stockholder litigation like this has been filed against MSTR in the past. While MSTR continues to defend such actions, any judgment against MSTR, or any future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of the management of MSTR’s attention and resources. If MSTR trading is halted, trading in Shares of the Fund may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
MSTR Performance Risk. MSTR may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of MSTR to decline. MSTR provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance MSTR provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If MSTR’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by MSTR could decline significantly.
Software Industry Risk. The software industry can be significantly affected by intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or failing to obtain) patent approvals, the cost of litigating patent infringement and the loss of patent protection for products (which significantly increases pricing pressures and can materially reduce profitability with respect to such products). In addition, many software companies have limited operating histories. Prices of these companies’ securities historically have been more volatile than other securities, especially over the short term.
Bitcoin Risk. While the Fund will not directly invest in digital assets, it will be subject to the risks associated with Bitcoin by virtue of its investments in options contracts that reference MSTR. Investing in Bitcoin exposes investors (such as MSTR and, in turn, MSTR shareholders) to significant risks that are not typically present in other investments. These risks include the uncertainty surrounding new technology, limited evaluation due to Bitcoin’s short trading history, and the potential decline in adoption and value over the long term. The extreme volatility of Bitcoin’s price is also a risk factor. Regulatory uncertainties, such as potential government interventions and conflicting regulations across jurisdictions, can impact the demand for Bitcoin and restrict its usage. Additionally, risks associated with the sale of newly mined Bitcoin, Bitcoin exchanges, competition from alternative digital assets, mining operations, network modifications, and intellectual property claims pose further challenges to Bitcoin-linked investments.
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Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying Security prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying Security declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
If the Underlying Security experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
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Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or group of industries assigned to the Underlying Security. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
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Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
Market Capitalization Risk
Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
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Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
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Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| (1) | ||||
| Management Fee | % | |||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | ||||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % |
| (1) |
| (2) |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the common stock of NVIDIA Corporation (“NVDA” or the “Underlying Security”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
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Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying Security
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying Security directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying Security (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying Security, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying Security, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying Security. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying Security over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying Security with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying Security declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry to which the Underlying Security is assigned.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
NVIDIA Corporation (NVDA)
NVIDIA Corporation is a technology company that designs graphics processing units (“GPUs”). NVIDIA Corporation has created GPU-based visual computing and accelerated computing platforms that address four separate markets: gaming, professional visualization, data center, and automotive. NVDA is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. Per NVIDIA Corporation’s most recent Form 10-K filing, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of July 26, 2024 was approximately $2.7 trillion (based on the closing sales price of the registrant's common stock as reported by the Nasdaq Global Select Market on July 26, 2024).
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NVDA is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by NVIDIA Corporation pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 0-23985 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding NVIDIA Corporation may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the Underlying Security or other securities of NVIDIA Corporation. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding NVIDIA Corporation from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to NVIDIA Corporation. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding NVIDIA Corporation is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of the Underlying Security (and therefore the price of the Underlying Security at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning NVIDIA Corporation could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of the Underlying Security.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH NVIDIA CORPORATION THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, NVIDIA CORPORATION.
Moreover, NVIDIA Corporation has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. NVIDIA Corporation does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. NVIDIA Corporation does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by NVIDIA Corporation.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by NVDA or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, the Underlying Security is assigned to the semiconductors & semiconductor equipment industry.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
NVIDIA Corporation Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of NVDA. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of NVDA, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of NVDA, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks
Indirect Investment in NVIDIA Corporation Risk. NVIDIA Corporation is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of NVIDIA Corporation. but will be exposed to the performance of NVDA (the underlying stock). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying stock but will be subject to declines in the performance of the underlying stock.
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NVDA Trading Risk. The trading price of NVDA may be highly volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors. The stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In particular, a large proportion of NVDA may be traded by short sellers which may put pressure on the supply and demand for the common stock of NVIDIA Corporation, further influencing volatility in its market price. Public perception and other factors outside of the control of NVIDIA Corporation may additionally impact NVDA’s stock price due to NVIDIA Corporation garnering a disproportionate degree of public attention, regardless of actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies such as these. Moreover, stockholder litigation like this has been filed against NVIDIA Corporation in the past. While NVIDIA Corporation continues to defend such actions, any judgment against NVIDIA Corporation, or any future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of the management of NVIDIA Corporation’s attention and resources. If NVDA trading is halted, trading in Shares of the Fund may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
NVIDIA Corporation Performance Risk. NVIDIA Corporation may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of NVDA to decline. NVIDIA Corporation provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance NVIDIA Corporation provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If NVIDIA Corporation’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by NVIDIA Corporation could decline significantly.
NVIDIA Corporation’s accelerated computing platforms address four large markets: Gaming, Data Center, Professional Visualization, and Automotive. These markets experience rapid changes in technology, customer requirements, new product introductions and enhancements, and industry standards.
Semiconductor Company Risk. Competitive pressures may have a significant effect on the financial condition of semiconductor companies and, as product cycles shorten and manufacturing capacity increases, these companies may become increasingly subject to aggressive pricing, which hampers profitability. Reduced demand for end-user products, under-utilization of manufacturing capacity, and other factors could adversely impact the operating results of companies in the semiconductor sector. Semiconductor companies typically face high capital costs and may be heavily dependent on intellectual property rights. The semiconductor sector is highly cyclical, which may cause the operating results of many semiconductor companies to vary significantly. The stock prices of companies in the semiconductor sector have been and likely will continue to be extremely volatile.
Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying Security prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
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The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying Security declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
If the Underlying Security experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
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Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or group of industries assigned to the Underlying Security. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
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Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
Market Capitalization Risk
Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
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Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| (1) | ||||
| Management Fee | % | |||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | ||||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % |
| (1) |
| (2) |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the common stock of Oracle Corporation (“ORCL” or the “Underlying Security”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
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Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying Security
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying Security directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying Security (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying Security, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying Security, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying Security. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying Security over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying Security with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying Security declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry to which the Underlying Security is assigned.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
Oracle Corporation (“ORCL”)
Oracle Corporation offers a collection of cloud technologies, applications, databases, storage and servers to empower modern business. ORCL is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Per ORCL’s most recent Form 10-K filing, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $305.8 billion based on the number of shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of May 31, 2025, and based on the closing sale price of common stock as reported by the NYSE on November 29, 2024, which is the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
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ORCL is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by ORCL pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to the SEC file number 001-35992 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding ORCL may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the shares of ORCL or other securities of Oracle Corporation. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding ORCL from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, the Trust, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to ORCL. None of the Fund, the Trust, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding ORCL is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of ORCL (and therefore the share price of ORCL at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning ORCL could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of ORCL.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, AND TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC ARE AFFILIATED WITH THE UNDERLYING SECURITY.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, ORCL is assigned to the software industry.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
ORCL Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of ORCL. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of ORCL, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of ORCL, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in ORCL Risk. ORCL is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of ORCL but will be exposed to the performance of ORCL (the Underlying Security). Investors in the Fund will not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the Underlying Security but will be subject to declines in the performance of the Underlying Security.
ORCL Trading Risk. The trading price of ORCL may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also play a significant role in trading ORCL, potentially affecting the supply and demand dynamics and contributing to market price volatility. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence ORCL’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a halt in trading of ORCL, trading in shares of related funds may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
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ORCL Performance Risk. ORCL may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of ORCL to decline. ORCL provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance ORCL provides may not ultimately be accurate. If ORCL’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by ORCL could decline significantly.
Software Industry Risk. The software industry can be significantly affected by intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or failing to obtain) patent approvals, the cost of litigating patent infringement and the loss of patent protection for products (which significantly increases pricing pressures and can materially reduce profitability with respect to such products). In addition, many software companies have limited operating histories. Prices of these companies’ securities historically have been more volatile than other securities, especially over the short term.
Operations and Business Risks. ORCL may be unsuccessful in developing and selling new products and services, integrating acquired products and services and enhancing its existing products and services. ORCL’s industry is characterized by rapid technological advances, intense competition, changing delivery models, evolving standards in communications infrastructure, increasingly sophisticated customer needs and frequent new product introductions and enhancements. If ORCL is unable to develop new or sufficiently differentiated products and services, enhance and improve its product offerings and support services in a timely manner or position and price its products and services to meet demand, customers may not purchase or subscribe to ORCL’s license, hardware or cloud offerings or renew license support, hardware support or cloud subscriptions contracts.
Data Security Risks. If ORCL’s security measures for its products and services are compromised and as a result, its data, its customers’ data or its IT systems are accessed improperly, made unavailable, or improperly modified, ORCL’s products and services may be perceived as vulnerable, its brand and reputation could be damaged, the IT services ORCL provides to its customers could be disrupted, and customers may stop using ORCL’s products and services, any of which could reduce ORCL’s revenue and earnings, increase its expenses and expose it to legal claims and regulatory actions.
Intellectual Property Risks. ORCL relies on copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures, controls and contractual commitments to protect its intellectual property. Despite ORCL’s efforts, these protections may be limited. Unauthorized third parties may try to copy or reverse engineer ORCL products or otherwise use its intellectual property. ORCL patents may be invalidated or circumvented. Any of ORCL’s pending or future patent applications may not be issued with the claim scope it seeks, if at all. In addition, the laws of some countries do not provide the same level of intellectual property protection as U.S. laws and courts. If ORCL cannot protect its intellectual property against unauthorized copying or use, or other misappropriation, ORCL may not remain competitive.
Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
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Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying Security prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying Security declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
If the Underlying Security experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
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Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or group of industries assigned to the Underlying Security. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
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Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
Market Capitalization Risk
Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
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Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| (1) | ||||
| Management Fee | % | |||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | ||||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % |
| (1) |
| (2) |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the common stock of Palantir Technologies Inc. (“PLTR” or the “Underlying Security”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
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Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying Security
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying Security directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying Security (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying Security, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying Security, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying Security. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying Security over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying Security with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying Security declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry to which the Underlying Security is assigned.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
Palantir Technologies Inc. (PLTR)
Palantir Technologies Inc. builds software that empowers organizations to effectively integrate their data, decisions, and operations at scale. PLTR is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. Per Palantir Technologies Inc.’s most recent Form 10-K filing, the aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the closing price of the shares of Class A common stock on June 28, 2024 on such date was approximately $51.5 billion.
PLTR is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by Palantir Technologies Inc. pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-39540 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding Palantir Technologies Inc. may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
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This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the Underlying Security or other securities of Palantir Technologies Inc. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding Palantir Technologies Inc. Technologies Inc. from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to Palantir Technologies Inc. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding Palantir Technologies Inc. is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of the Underlying Security (and therefore the price of the Underlying Security at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning Palantir Technologies Inc. could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of the Underlying Security.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH PALANTIR TECHNOLOGIES INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, PALANTIR TECHNOLOGIES INC.
Moreover, Palantir Technologies Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Palantir Technologies Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Palantir Technologies Inc. does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Palantir Technologies Inc.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by PLTR or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, the Underlying Security is assigned to the software industry.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
Palantir Technologies Inc. Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of PLTR. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of PLTR, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of PLTR, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in Palantir Technologies Inc. Risk. Palantir Technologies Inc. is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of PLTR but will be exposed to the performance of PLTR (the Underlying Security). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying stock but will be subject to declines in the performance of the underlying stock.
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PLTR Trading Risk. The trading price of PLTR may be highly volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors. The stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In particular, a large proportion of PLTR may be traded by short sellers which may put pressure on the supply and demand for the common stock of PLTR, further influencing volatility in its market price. Public perception and other factors outside of the control of PLTR may additionally impact PLTR’s stock price due to PLTR garnering a disproportionate degree of public attention, regardless of actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies such as these. Moreover, stockholder litigation like this has been filed against PLTR in the past. While PLTR continues to defend such actions, any judgment against PLTR, or any future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of the management of PLTR’s attention and resources. If PLTR trading is halted, trading in Shares of the Fund may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
Palantir Technologies Inc. Performance Risk. Palantir Technologies Inc. may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of PLTR to decline. Palantir Technologies Inc. provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance Palantir Technologies Inc. provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If Palantir Technologies Inc.’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by Palantir Technologies Inc. could decline significantly.
Software Industry Risk. The software industry can be significantly affected by intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or failing to obtain) patent approvals, the cost of litigating patent infringement and the loss of patent protection for products (which significantly increases pricing pressures and can materially reduce profitability with respect to such products). In addition, many software companies have limited operating histories. Prices of these companies’ securities historically have been more volatile than other securities, especially over the short term.
AI Platform Risk. Palantir Technologies Inc. has launched an AI (artificial intelligence) platform, which subjects Palantir Technologies Inc. to additional risks, including challenges in developing and deploying new technologies to meet customer needs and ensuring compatibility with third-party products and services. Palantir Technologies Inc. may struggle to hire, retain, and train qualified personnel, which is crucial for meeting customer demand. The use of AI could lead to reputational harm or liability issues, and there may be difficulties in obtaining, maintaining, protecting, and enforcing intellectual property rights. Additionally, the platform could encounter real or perceived errors, failures, defects, or bugs, and reliance on third-party technology could pose risks if it becomes difficult to replace or causes errors. Finally, Palantir Technologies Inc.’s AI platform will be subject to complex and evolving U.S. and non-U.S. laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, security, and technology protection.
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Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying Security prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying Security declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
If the Underlying Security experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
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Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or group of industries assigned to the Underlying Security. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
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Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
Market Capitalization Risk
Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
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Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
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Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| (1) | ||||
| Management Fee | % | |||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | ||||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % |
| (1) |
| (2) |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the common stock of Tesla, Inc. (“TSLA” or the “Underlying Security”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
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Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying Security
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying Security directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying Security (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying Security, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying Security, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying Security. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying Security over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying Security with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying Security declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry to which the Underlying Security is assigned.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
Tesla, Inc. (TSLA)
Tesla, Inc. is an operating company that designs develops, manufactures, leases and sells high performance fully electric vehicles, solar energy generation systems and energy storage products. Tesla, Inc. operates two segments: (i) automotive and (ii) energy generation and storage. The automotive segment includes the design, development, manufacturing, sales and leasing of electric vehicles as well as sales of automotive regulatory credits. The energy generation and storage segment includes the design, manufacture, installation, sales and leasing of solar energy generation and energy storage products and related services and sales of solar energy systems incentives. TSLA is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. Per Tesla, Inc.’s most recent Form 10-K filing, the aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, as of June 28, 2024, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $550.17 billion (based on the closing price for shares of the registrant’s Common Stock as reported by the Nasdaq Global Select Market on June 28, 2024).
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TSLA is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Information provided to or filed with the SEC by Tesla, Inc. pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to the SEC file number 001-34756 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding Tesla, Inc. may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the Underlying Security or other securities of Tesla, Inc. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding Tesla, Inc. from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to Tesla, Inc. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding Tesla, Inc. is accurate or complete. Furthermore, the Fund cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of the Underlying Security (and therefore the price of the Underlying Security at the time we price the securities) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning Tesla, Inc. could affect the value received with respect to the securities and therefore the value of the securities.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of the Underlying Security.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH TESLA, INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, TESLA, INC.
Moreover, Tesla, Inc. has not participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Tesla, Inc. does not select or approve the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. Tesla, Inc. does not provide any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Tesla, Inc.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by TSLA or its affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry as that assigned to the Underlying Security. As of the date of the Prospectus, the Underlying Security is assigned to the automobile industry.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An
investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
Tesla, Inc. Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of TSLA. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of TSLA, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of TSLA, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in TSLA Risk. Tesla, Inc. is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of Tesla, Inc. but will be exposed to the performance of TSLA (an Underlying Security). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the Underlying Security but will be subject to declines in the performance of the Underlying Security.
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TSLA Trading Risk. The trading price of TSLA may be highly volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors. The stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In particular, a large proportion of TSLA may be traded by short sellers which may put pressure on the supply and demand for the common stock of Tesla, Inc., further influencing volatility in its market price. Public perception and other factors outside of the control of Tesla, Inc. may additionally impact TSLA’s stock price due to Tesla, Inc. garnering a disproportionate degree of public attention, regardless of actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies such as these. Moreover, stockholder litigation like this has been filed against Tesla, Inc. in the past. While Tesla, Inc. continues to defend such actions, any judgment against Tesla, Inc., or any future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of the management of Tesla, Inc.’s attention and resources. If TSLA trading is halted, trading in Shares of the Fund may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
Tesla, Inc. Performance Risk. Tesla, Inc. may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of TSLA to decline. Tesla, Inc. provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance Tesla, Inc. provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If Tesla, Inc.’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by Tesla, Inc. could decline significantly.
Electric Vehicles Risk. The future growth and success of Tesla, Inc. are dependent upon consumers’ demand for electric vehicles, and specifically, its vehicles in an automotive industry that is generally competitive, cyclical and volatile. If the market for electric vehicles in general and Tesla, Inc. vehicles in particular does not develop as Tesla, Inc. expects, develops more slowly than it expects, or if demand for its vehicles decreases in its markets or its vehicles compete with each other, the business, prospects, financial condition and operating results of Tesla, Inc. may be harmed. Tesla, Inc. is still at an earlier stage of development and have limited resources and production relative to established competitors that offer internal combustion engine vehicles. In addition, electric vehicles still comprise a small percentage of overall vehicle sales. As a result, the market for Tesla, Inc. vehicles could be negatively affected by numerous factors, such as: (i) perceptions about electric vehicle features, quality, safety, performance and cost; (ii) perceptions about the limited range over which electric vehicles may be driven on a single battery charge, and access to charging facilities; (iii) competition, including from other types of alternative fuel vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and high fuel-economy internal combustion engine vehicles; (iv) volatility in the cost of oil and gasoline, such as wide fluctuations in crude oil prices; (v) government regulations and economic incentives; and (vi) concerns about the future viability of Tesla, Inc. Finally, the target demographics for Tesla, Inc. vehicles are highly competitive. Sales of vehicles in the automotive industry tend to be cyclical in many markets, which may expose Tesla, Inc. to further volatility.
Automotive Companies Risk. The automotive industry can be highly cyclical, and companies in the industry may suffer periodic operating losses. Automotive companies can be significantly affected by labor relations, fluctuating component prices and supplier disruptions. Developments in automotive technologies (e.g., autonomous vehicle technologies) may require significant capital expenditures that may not generate profits for several years, if ever. Automotive companies may be significantly subject to government policies and regulations regarding imports and exports of automotive products. Governmental policies affecting the automotive industry, such as taxes, tariffs, duties, subsidies, and import and export restrictions on automotive products can influence industry profitability. In addition, such companies must comply with environmental laws and regulations, for which there may be severe consequences for non-compliance. While most of the major automotive manufacturers are large companies, certain others may be non-diversified in both product line and customer base and may be more vulnerable to certain events that may negatively impact the automotive industry.
Elon Musk’s Influence on TSLA Risk. The Fund’s performance is closely tied to the stock price of TSLA, which may be significantly impacted by the actions, decisions, and public statements of its CEO, Elon Musk. His social media activity, interviews, and public remarks have historically caused sharp volatility in TSLA’s stock price and have, at times, resulted in regulatory scrutiny and legal proceedings. Additionally, Mr. Musk’s leadership decisions, including strategic shifts or changes in Tesla’s business model, could introduce uncertainty. His involvement in multiple high-profile ventures, such as SpaceX and X (formerly Twitter), may also raise concerns about his focus on Tesla. Furthermore, any potential reduction in his role or departure from Tesla could negatively affect investor sentiment. Given Mr. Musk’s influence, TSLA’s valuation may be subject to sudden and unpredictable changes, which could materially impact the Fund’s performance.
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Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying Security and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying Security prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying Security declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying Security, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
If the Underlying Security experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
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Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or group of industries assigned to the Underlying Security. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
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Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
Market Capitalization Risk
Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
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Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
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Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS
Investment Objective
The primary investment objective of each Fund is to seek current income. Each Fund’s secondary investment objective is to seek capital appreciation.
An investment objective is fundamental if it cannot be changed without the consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares. No Fund’s investment objective has been adopted as a fundamental investment policy and therefore each Fund’s investment objective may be changed without the consent of that Fund’s shareholders upon approval by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”) and at least 60 days’ written notice to shareholders.
Principal Investment Strategies
There is no guarantee that each Fund’s investment strategy will be properly implemented, and an investor may lose some or all of its investment.
The following information is in addition to, and should be read along with, the description of each Fund’s principal investment strategies in the section of the prospectus titled “Fund Summary—Principal Investment Strategies”.
For purposes of each Fund’s 80% policy (as discussed in each Fund’s summary section above), each Fund measures its exposure based on the notional value of the derivatives providing exposure, relative to the Fund’s net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes). “Notional value” refers to the “face” value of a Fund investment, rather than the amount of capital the Fund has actually committed. It represents the total value of the Fund’s position, rather than its equity in that position. Essentially, it reflects the full value of a leveraged position in the market, even if the Fund uses a fraction of that amount as collateral. Each Fund’s “80%” policy is non-fundamental and can be changed without shareholder approval. However, Fund shareholders would be given at least 60 days’ notice prior to any such change.
Each Fund seeks to achieve its “LightningSpread™” strategy by establishing synthetic exposure to its Underlying Security through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying Security (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying Security, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. Separately, each Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. Each Fund’s primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on its Underlying Security with weekly or shorter expirations.
Each Fund’s investment in options includes both standard exchange-traded options and FLexible Exchange® options (“FLEX Options”). FLEX options are customized options contracts that trade on an exchange but provide investors with the ability to customize key contract terms like strike price, style and expiration date while achieving price discovery in competitive, transparent auctions markets and avoiding the counterparty exposure of “over-the-counter” (“OTC”) options positions. Like traditional exchange-traded options, FLEX Options are guaranteed for settlement by the OCC, a market clearinghouse that guarantees performance by counterparties to certain derivatives contracts. The FLEX options in which the Funds may invest are expected to be European style options (options that are exercisable only on the expiration date).
Options Terminology
Each Fund will use options as part of its investment strategy, which are financial instruments that derive their value from an underlying asset, such as its Underlying Security. This section provides a general explanation of call and put options, along with related cost and premium considerations relevant to a Fund’s use of these derivative instruments.
| ● | Call Options. A call option gives the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to buy an underlying asset at a specific price (the strike price) on or before the option’s expiration date. The seller (or writer) of a call option is obligated to sell the asset at the strike price if the buyer chooses to exercise the option. |
| ● | Put Options. A put option gives the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to sell an underlying asset at a specific strike price on or before the option’s expiration date. The seller (or writer) of a put option is obligated to buy the asset at the strike price if the buyer exercises the option. |
Options Strategies
Each Fund employs options strategies as part of its investment program. These strategies are designed to provide synthetic exposure to each Fund’s respective Underlying Security, and generate options premiums. The following descriptions summarize how these strategies function under various market conditions.
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1. Synthetic Long Position - Combination of At-the-Money Call Options and Short Put Options
Strategy Overview: Establishing a synthetic long position involves purchasing at-the-money call options and simultaneously selling put options on the same Underlying Security, typically with matching strike prices and expiration dates. This combination provides a Fund with economic exposure similar to directly owning its Underlying Security. The strategy generally benefits from increases in its Underlying Security’s price.
Market Movement Scenarios:
| ● | Security Increases in Value: If the Underlying Security’s share price rises, the call option may increase in value, producing gains comparable to owning the security. However, because time decay can reduce the call’s value even when the stock rises, the short put may help offset this effect by generating options premium, even though it will expire worthless. |
| ● | Security Remains the Same: If the Underlying Security’s share price remains near the strike price, both the call and put options retain minimal intrinsic value. The Fund may experience a small net gain or loss depending on the relative option premiums and time decay. |
| ● | Security Decreases in Value: If the Underlying Security’s share price declines, the call option loses value, and the short put option may incur a loss if the price falls below the strike price. However, the premium received from the short put partially offsets the decline. |
2. Synthetic Long Position - Buying In-the-Money (ITM) Call Options
Strategy Overview: Purchasing in-the-money (ITM) call options provides a Fund with exposure to potential appreciation in its Underlying Security while limiting downside risk to the premium paid. An ITM call option has a strike price below the current market price of the Underlying Security, giving it intrinsic value. This structure allows the Fund to participate in price gains similar to owning the security, but with reduced capital outlay.
Market Movement Scenarios:
| ● | Security Increases in Value: If the Underlying Security’s share price rises, the ITM call option gains value in proportion to the increase, providing upside exposure similar to directly holding the security. |
| ● | Security Remains the Same: If the Underlying Security’s share price remains near its current level, the call option retains its intrinsic value but may experience a modest decline due to time decay (the gradual loss of value as the option approaches expiration). |
| ● | Security Decreases in Value: If the Underlying Security’s share price declines, the ITM call option decreases in value. However, the Fund’s maximum potential loss is limited to the premium paid for the option. |
3. Selling Put Spreads
Strategy Overview: Selling put spreads involves writing a put option at one strike price while simultaneously buying another put option with a lower strike price on the same Underlying Security and with the same expiration date. This strategy generates net options premiums (the difference between the premium earned on the sold put and the cost of the purchased put) while limiting potential losses to the difference between the two strike prices minus the net premium.
Market Movement Scenarios:
| ● | Security Increases in Value: If the Underlying Security’s share price rises above the higher strike price, both put options expire worthless, and the Fund retains the net premium received as profit. |
| ● | Security Remains the Same: If the Underlying Security’s share price remains near the current level, the put spread typically avoids a loss and may benefit from the time premium earned when the position was established. However, if the short put finishes in the money, the spread may retain value at expiration, which could result in a cost to close the position. |
| ● | Security Decreases in Value: If the Underlying Security’s share price is below the higher strike price, the Fund incurs a loss on the written put option, partially offset by gains on the purchased put option. The Fund’s maximum loss is limited to the difference between the two strike prices minus the net premium received. |
Options Premiums – Income/Return of Capital
Receipt of an option premium does not always represent income. Depending on whether the transaction as a whole results in a gain or loss, such amounts may be treated for accounting or tax purposes as income or as a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC represents a return of a shareholder’s own invested capital and does not reflect traditional income such as dividends or interest. A portion (sometimes a significant portion) of a Fund’s cash distributions may be classified as ROC, which generally refers to the portion of a distribution that represents a return of the original investment (principal) rather than income or profit. Accordingly, such distributions do not necessarily reflect traditional income or yield, and receipt of an option premium could ultimately result in a net loss on the transaction if offset by subsequent closing transactions, exercise or settlement.
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Manager of Managers Structure
Although not currently sub-advised, the Funds and the Adviser have received exemptive relief from the SEC permitting the Adviser (subject to certain conditions and the approval of the Board) to change or select new unaffiliated sub-advisers without obtaining shareholder approval. The relief also permits the Adviser to materially amend the terms of agreements with an unaffiliated sub-adviser (including an increase in the fee paid by the Adviser to the unaffiliated sub-adviser (and not paid by the Fund)) or to continue the employment of an unaffiliated sub-adviser after an event that would otherwise cause the automatic termination of services with Board approval, but without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified of any unaffiliated sub-adviser changes. The Adviser has the ultimate responsibility, subject to oversight by the Board, to oversee a sub-adviser and recommend their hiring, termination and replacement. The exemptive relief applies to sub-advisers that are either wholly owned by the Adviser or its parent company, as well as to unaffiliated sub-advisers, including those whose affiliation arises solely from their sub-advisory relationship.
Investments by Registered Investment Companies
Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by investment companies in the securities of other investment companies. However, registered investment companies are permitted to invest in other investment companies beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1) in recently adopted rules under the 1940 Act, subject to certain conditions. Each Fund may rely on Rule 12d1-4 of the 1940 Act, which provides an exemption from Section 12(d)(1) that allows the Fund to invest beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1) if the Fund satisfies certain conditions specified in Rule 12d1-4, including, among other conditions, that the Fund and its advisory group will not control (individually or in the aggregate) an acquired fund (e.g., hold more than 25% of the outstanding voting securities of an acquired fund that is a registered open-end management investment company).
Principal Risks of Investing in the Funds
There can be no assurance that the Funds will achieve their respective investment objective. The following information is in addition to, and should be read along with, the description of each Fund’s principal investment risks in the section titled “Fund Summary— Principal Investment Risks” above. Following a description of each referenced Underlying Security risks, the principal risks are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them with those of other funds. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Funds, regardless of the order in which it appears.
UNDERLYING SECURITY RISKS
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of AMD. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of AMD, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of AMD, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in AMD Risk. AMD is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence the management of AMD but will be exposed to the performance of AMD (the underlying stock). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying stock but will be subject to declines in the performance of the underlying stock.
AMD Trading Risk. The trading price of AMD may be highly volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors. The stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In particular, a large proportion of AMD may be traded by short sellers which may put pressure on the supply and demand for the common stock of AMD, further influencing volatility in its market price. Public perception and other factors outside of the control of AMD may additionally impact AMD’s stock price due to AMD garnering a disproportionate degree of public attention, regardless of actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies such as these. Moreover, stockholder litigation like this has been filed against AMD in the past. While AMD continues to defend such actions, any judgment against AMD, or any future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of the management of AMD’s attention and resources. If AMD trading is halted, trading in Shares of the AMD Fund may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
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AMD Performance Risk. AMD may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of AMD to decline. AMD provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance AMD provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If AMD’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by AMD could decline significantly.
Semiconductor Company Risk. Competitive pressures may have a significant effect on the financial condition of semiconductor companies and, as product cycles shorten and manufacturing capacity increases, these companies may become increasingly subject to aggressive pricing, which hampers profitability. Reduced demand for end-user products, under-utilization of manufacturing capacity, and other factors could adversely impact the operating results of companies in the semiconductor sector. Semiconductor companies typically face high capital costs and may be heavily dependent on intellectual property rights. The semiconductor sector is highly cyclical, which may cause the operating results of many semiconductor companies to vary significantly. The stock prices of companies in the semiconductor sector have been and likely will continue to be extremely volatile.
Competition Risk. The markets in which AMD’s products are sold are highly competitive and rapidly evolving. AMD expects that competition will continue to be intense due to rapid technological changes, new and evolving industry standards, changing customer preferences and requirements, and frequent introductions by competitors of products that may provide better performance/experience or that may include additional features that render AMD’s products comparatively less competitive. In addition, Intel Corporation’s dominance of the microprocessor market and its aggressive business practices may limit AMD’s ability to compete effectively on a level playing field. In addition, NVIDIA Corporation’s Data Center GPU market share position, significant financial resources, introduction of competitive new products and proprietary software ecosystem have enabled it to market and price its products in a manner to encourage the selection of NVIDIA-based systems and to influence customers who do business with AMD.
Apple Inc. Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of AAPL. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of AAPL, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of AAPL, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in AAPL Risk. Apple Inc. is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of Apple Inc. but will be exposed to the performance of AAPL (the underlying stock). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying stock but will be subject to declines in the performance of the underlying stock.
AAPL Trading Risk. The trading price of AAPL may be volatile and subject to significant fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond Apple Inc.’s control. The broader equity markets, and particularly those for large technology companies, have experienced substantial price and volume volatility that is often disproportionate to changes in operating performance. Factors such as shifts in consumer demand, supply chain disruptions, macroeconomic conditions, or changes in investor sentiment toward the technology sector may cause AAPL’s trading price to vary significantly. Public perception and media attention surrounding Apple Inc., its products, and its leadership can also affect market valuation independent of financial results. Furthermore, following periods of stock price volatility, securities class action litigation has often been brought against public companies, including Apple Inc. Any such proceedings could result in significant legal costs, potential liabilities, and diversion of management attention, which may adversely affect Apple Inc.’s operations and financial condition.
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Apple Inc. Performance Risk. Apple Inc. may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of AAPL to decline. Apple Inc. provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance Apple Inc. provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If Apple Inc.’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by Apple Inc. could decline significantly.
Technology Industry Risk. The technology industry, including, in some instances, Apple Inc., is subject to intense media, political and regulatory scrutiny, which may expose Apple Inc. to increasing regulation, government investigations, legal actions and penalties.
From time to time, Apple Inc. has made changes to its App Store, including actions taken in response to competition, market and legal conditions. Apple Inc. may make further business changes in the future. New legislative initiatives, such as the proposed EU Digital Markets Act, could, if enacted, require further changes. These changes could include how and to what extent Apple Inc. charges developers for access to its platforms and manages distribution of apps outside of the App Store.
Apple Inc. is also currently subject to antitrust investigations in various jurisdictions around the world, which can result in legal proceedings and claims against Apple Inc. that could, individually or in the aggregate, have a materially adverse impact on Apple Inc.’s business, results of operations and financial condition. For example, Apple Inc. is the subject of investigations in Europe and other jurisdictions relating to App Store terms and conditions. If such investigations result in adverse findings against Apple Inc., it could be exposed to significant fines and may be required to make changes to its App Store business, all of which could materially adversely affect Apple Inc.’s business, results of operations and financial condition. Apple Inc. is also subject to litigation relating to the App Store, which has resulted in changes to Apple Inc.’s business practices, and may in the future result in further changes.
Further, Apple Inc. has commercial relationships with other companies in the technology industry that are or may become subject to investigations and litigation that, if resolved against those other companies, could adversely affect Apple Inc.’s commercial relationships with those business partners and materially adversely affect Apple Inc.’s business, results of operations and financial condition. For example, Apple Inc. earns revenue from licensing arrangements with other companies to offer their search services on Apple Inc.’s platforms and apps, and certain of these arrangements are currently subject to government investigations and legal proceedings.
There can be no assurance Apple Inc.’s business will not be materially adversely affected, individually or in the aggregate, by the outcomes of such investigations, litigation or changes to laws and regulations in the future. Changes to Apple Inc.’s business practices to comply with new laws and regulations or in connection with other legal proceedings could negatively impact the reputation of Apple Inc.’s products for privacy and security and otherwise adversely affect the experience for users of Apple Inc.’s products and services, and result in harm to Apple Inc.’s reputation, loss of competitive advantage, poor market acceptance, reduced demand for products and services, and lost sales.
Global Events Risk. Apple Inc.’s business can be impacted by political events, trade and other international disputes, war, terrorism, natural disasters, public health issues, industrial accidents and other business interruptions. Political events, trade and other international disputes, war, terrorism, natural disasters, public health issues, industrial accidents and other business interruptions can harm or disrupt international commerce and the global economy, and could have a material adverse effect on Apple Inc. and its customers, suppliers, contract manufacturers, logistics providers, distributors, cellular network carriers and other channel partners.
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Apple Inc. has a large, global business with sales outside the U.S. representing a majority of Apple Inc.’s total net sales, and Apple Inc. believes that it generally benefits from growth in international trade. Substantially all of Apple Inc.’s manufacturing is performed in whole or in part by outsourcing partners located primarily in Asia, including China mainland, India, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam. Trade policies and disputes and other international conflicts can result in tariffs, sanctions and other measures that restrict international trade, and can materially adversely affect Apple Inc.’s business, particularly if these measures occur in regions where Apple Inc. derives a significant portion of its revenues and/or has significant supply chain operations. For example, tensions between the U.S. and China have led to a series of tariffs being imposed by the U.S. on imports from China mainland, as well as other business restrictions. Tariffs increase the cost of Apple Inc.’s products and the components and raw materials that go into making them. These increased costs can adversely impact the gross margin that Apple Inc. earns on its products. Tariffs can also make Apple Inc.’s products more expensive for customers, which could make Apple Inc.’s products less competitive and reduce consumer demand. Countries may also adopt other measures, such as controls on imports or exports of goods, technology or data, that could adversely impact Apple Inc.’s operations and supply chain and limit Apple Inc.’s ability to offer its products and services as designed. These measures can require Apple Inc. to take various actions, including changing suppliers, restructuring business relationships, and ceasing to offer third-party applications on its platforms. Changing Apple Inc.’s operations in accordance with new or changed trade restrictions can be expensive, time-consuming and disruptive to Apple Inc.’s operations. Such restrictions can be announced with little or no advance notice and Apple Inc. may not be able to effectively mitigate all adverse impacts from such measures. If disputes and conflicts further escalate in the future, actions by governments in response could be significantly more severe and restrictive and could materially adversely affect Apple Inc.’s business. Political uncertainty surrounding trade and other international disputes could also have a negative effect on consumer confidence and spending, which could adversely affect Apple Inc.’s business.
Blackstone Inc. Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of BX. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of BX, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of BX, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in BX Risk. Blackstone Inc. is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of Blackstone Inc. but will be exposed to the performance of BX (the underlying stock). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying stock but will be subject to declines in the performance of the underlying stock.
BX Trading Risk. BX may be volatile and subject to significant fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond BX’s control. These factors include variations in operating results, changes in market conditions affecting the asset-management industry, fluctuations in interest rates, and changes in investor sentiment regarding the alternative-investment sector. Broader stock market volatility may also affect BX’s trading price, and such fluctuations may be disproportionate to changes in Blackstone Inc.’s operating performance. Public perception of Blackstone Inc., the alternative-asset-management industry, or the broader financial markets may further influence the market price of BX. Periods of market stress or negative publicity can adversely affect investor confidence and trading dynamics. In addition, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class-action litigation has often been instituted against issuers. Blackstone has, from time to time, been subject to stockholder litigation and may be involved in such actions in the future. Any adverse judgments, settlements, or costs associated with these proceedings could have a material effect on BX’s financial condition or divert management’s attention from business operations.
Blackstone Inc. Performance Risk. The financial performance and market price of BX depend on its ability to meet investor and analyst expectations. Blackstone Inc. may from time to time provide forward-looking information regarding anticipated fundraising, investment performance, or earnings, all of which involve inherent uncertainty. These expectations rely on assumptions about economic conditions, market performance, and other factors largely outside of Blackstone Inc.’s control. Adverse market developments, reduced investment performance, or slower capital deployment could cause results to differ materially from expectations and negatively affect investor confidence. If Blackstone Inc. fails to achieve projected financial or strategic objectives, or if actual results fall short of market expectations, the trading price of BX could decline significantly.
Market and Economic Risk. Blackstone Inc.’s performance is materially exposed to macroeconomic, financial market and geopolitical developments. Unfavorable downturns such as economic recessions, inflationary pressures, rapid interest-rate increases, capital-market disruptions or global geopolitical instability may materially reduce the value of the assets under management, impair fundraising and realization activities, and adversely affect operating results, financial condition and cash flows. Additionally, elevated interest rates or constrained access to capital markets may reduce the ability of funds or portfolio companies to execute or realize investments, creating downward pressure on returns.
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Fundraising and Realization Risk. Blackstone Inc.’s asset-management model relies heavily on its ability to raise new third-party capital, deploy it in attractive investments, and realize those investments at favorable valuations. A slowdown in fundraising, or deterioration in the performance of its funds and underlying assets, could reduce management fee revenue, impair performance fee (“carry”) recognition and may even necessitate the repayment of already-paid performance allocations. Moreover, the valuations of private assets and funds are inherently subjective and may not be realized in the market; if actual exit values or timing diverge from expectations, Blackstone Inc.’s financial results and investor returns may suffer.
Operational, Regulatory and Conflict-of-Interest Risk. Blackstone Inc.’s operations span multiple jurisdictions and asset classes, subjecting it to complex regulatory regimes — including securities, tax, anti-money-laundering and investment-adviser rules. Extensive regulation may impede Blackstone Inc.’s ability to deploy capital, monetize investments or operate certain businesses. In addition, given Blackstone Inc.’s scale and the breadth of its business lines, conflicts of interest may arise (for example, in the allocation of investment opportunities among funds and vehicles, or in transactions between affiliated or side-by-side vehicles). The management of such conflicts is critical and the failure to do so effectively could impair investor confidence, may lead to reputational damage, and could result in adverse investor or regulatory actions.
Circle Internet Group, Inc. Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of CRCL. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of CRCL, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of CRCL, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in Circle Risk. Circle is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of Circle but will be exposed to the performance of CRCL (the Underlying Security). Investors in the Fund will not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to CRCL but will be subject to declines in the performance of CRCL.
CRCL Trading Risk. The trading price of CRCL may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also play a significant role in trading CRCL, potentially affecting the supply and demand dynamics and contributing to market price volatility. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence CRCL’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a halt in trading of CRCL, trading in shares of related funds may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
Circle Performance Risk. Circle may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of CRCL to decline. Circle provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance Circle provides may not ultimately be accurate. If Circle’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of CRCL could decline significantly.
Software Industry Risk. The software industry can be significantly affected by intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or failing to obtain) patent approvals, the cost of litigating patent infringement and the loss of patent protection for products (which significantly increases pricing pressures and can materially reduce profitability with respect to such products). In addition, many software companies have limited operating histories. Prices of these companies’ securities historically have been more volatile than other securities, especially over the short term.
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Stablecoin Risk. Circle’s performance depends significantly on the stability, trust, and circulation of Circle’s stablecoins, in particular the USDC and EURC stable coins (“Circle Stablecoins”), as well as the broader digital asset environment. Stablecoins remain in the early stages of adoption and regulatory development and are particularly susceptible to operational challenges, including those arising from surges in demand or systemic shocks. Stablecoins are subject to operational, market, and regulatory uncertainties. Changes in regulatory treatment, including legislation or enforcement actions restricting the issuance, redemption, or reserve management of stablecoins, could significantly impair Circle’s business model and financial condition. Circle’s stablecoins may be affected by market shocks, redemption activity, or disruptions in secondary marketplaces. Additionally, the broader digital asset industry is still developing standards around compliance, security, and governance. As a result, stablecoins face unique challenges that could impact their circulation, utility, and perception. Any adverse developments in these areas could materially affect the performance of Circle’s products and services.
Circle generates a large portion of its total revenue from interest income earned on the reserves backing its stablecoins. The size of these reserves is influenced by the amount of stablecoins in circulation, which in turn depends on demand for Circle’s products and services. The level of interest income is also affected by prevailing interest rates and the composition of the reserve assets. As a result, Circle’s revenue is subject to fluctuations in both market demand for stablecoins and macroeconomic conditions, including changes in interest rate environments.
The stablecoin market is becoming increasingly competitive, with rivals and potential entrants from traditional banks exploring stablecoin offerings. This could erode Circle’s market share and impact its revenue and profitability. Additionally, Circle is exposed to operational and cybersecurity risks inherent in managing a digital financial infrastructure, as well as technology risk tied to the performance of public blockchains on which Circle Stablecoins circulate.
While Circle Stablecoins are designed to be redeemable 1:1 for their underlying currencies (e.g., U.S. dollar, euro, etc.), there is a risk of a “de-peg,” where a token could trade below a 1:1 rate on third-party platforms. This could be triggered by events like a run on a bank holding Circle’s assets. Any perceived instability, lack of transparency or reserve shortfall could lead to rapid redemptions and reputational damage to Circle.
New Issuer Risk. Circle recently completed an initial public offering (i.e., CRCL has recently been made available on a stock exchange) and, as a result, its securities have a limited trading history. The share prices of new public companies may be highly volatile and may decline sharply following their initial public offering. Any of these factors may materially and adversely impact the share price of CRCL, increase the volatility of an investment in CRCL and have a negative impact on the performance of the Fund. Additionally, CRCL may in the future be traded by short sellers, which may put pressure on its supply and demand, further influencing volatility in its market price.
Coinbase Global, Inc. Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of COIN. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of COIN, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of COIN, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in Coinbase Global, Inc. Risk. Coinbase Global, Inc. is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of Coinbase Global, Inc. but will be exposed to the performance of COIN (the underlying stock). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying stock but will be subject to declines in the performance of the underlying stock.
COIN Trading Risk. The trading price of COIN may be highly volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors. The stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In particular, a large proportion of COIN may be traded by short sellers which may put pressure on the supply and demand for the common stock of Coinbase Global, Inc., further influencing volatility in its market price. Public perception and other factors outside of the control of Coinbase Global, Inc. may additionally impact COIN’s stock price due to Coinbase Global, Inc. garnering a disproportionate degree of public attention, regardless of actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies such as these. Moreover, stockholder litigation like this has been filed against Coinbase Global, Inc. in the past. While Coinbase Global, Inc. continues to defend such actions, any judgment against Coinbase Global, Inc., or any future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of the management of Coinbase Global, Inc.’s attention and resources. If COIN trading is halted, trading in Shares of the Fund may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
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Coinbase Global, Inc. Performance Risk. Coinbase Global, Inc. may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of COIN to decline. Coinbase Global, Inc. provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance Coinbase Global, Inc. provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If Coinbase Global, Inc.’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by Coinbase Global, Inc. could decline significantly.
Digital Assets Risk. Although the Fund does not directly invest in digital assets, it is exposed to their risks through options contracts referencing COIN. Digital asset technologies are highly disruptive and uncertain, and rapid technological advances may render existing assets obsolete. Additionally, intellectual property disputes among digital asset companies may undermine confidence in their viability. Digital asset marketplaces are often unregulated and may shut down due to fraud, security breaches, technical failures, or external attacks. These assets are typically stored in digital wallets, accessible only via private keys—if lost or stolen, the assets may be irretrievable. Digital assets also face manipulation risks and reliance on third-party products with potential vulnerabilities. Historically, digital assets have exhibited extreme price volatility and may become highly illiquid in stressed markets. Their value is not necessarily correlated to traditional economic or market forces, and demand for a digital asset could collapse, potentially driving its value to zero.
Financials Companies Risk. Financial companies, such as retail and commercial banks, brokerage firms, insurance companies and financial services companies, are especially subject to the adverse effects of economic recession, currency exchange rates, extensive government regulation, decreases in the availability of capital, volatile interest rates, portfolio concentrations in geographic markets, industries or products (such as commercial and residential real estate loans) and competition from new entrants and blurred distinctions in their fields of business. The extent to which the Fund may invest in a company that engages in securities-related activities or banking is limited by applicable law. Governmental regulation may change frequently and may have significant adverse consequences for companies in the financials sector, including effects not intended by such regulation. The impact of changes in capital requirements, or recent or future regulation, on any financial company or on the financials sector as a whole cannot be predicted. The financials sector can be a target or cyberattacks, and may experience technology malfunctions and disruptions. These risks may be amplified for companies that operate online and digital platforms. In recent years, cyberattacks and technology malfunctions and failures have become increasingly frequent in this sector and have reportedly caused losses to companies in this sector.
Blockchain Related Company Risk. The performance of COIN, and consequently the Fund, is subject to risks associated with blockchain-related companies. Blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger that records cryptocurrency transactions, but its applications remain largely untested. Companies in this sector face volatile adoption rates, intense competition, and potential product obsolescence. Their financial performance is often tied to fluctuations in digital asset prices. Many blockchain companies operate with limited regulatory oversight, but stricter regulations could increase costs, restrict business activities, or even lead to prohibitions. Conversely, clearer regulations may benefit some companies. Additionally, blockchain firms store sensitive consumer data, making them targets for cybersecurity threats and theft. Loss or compromise of cryptographic keys could also result in irreversible asset losses.
Meta Platforms, Inc. Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of META. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of META, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of META, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in Meta Platforms, Inc. Risk. Meta Platforms, Inc. is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of Meta Platforms, Inc. but will be exposed to the performance of META (the underlying stock). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying stock but will be subject to declines in the performance of the underlying stock.
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META Trading Risk. The trading price of META may be highly volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors. The stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In particular, a large proportion of META may be traded by short sellers which may put pressure on the supply and demand for the common stock of Meta Platforms, Inc., further influencing volatility in its market price. Public perception and other factors outside of the control of Meta Platforms, Inc. may additionally impact META’s stock price due to Meta Platforms, Inc. garnering a disproportionate degree of public attention, regardless of actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies such as these. Moreover, stockholder litigation like this has been filed against Meta Platforms, Inc. in the past. While Meta Platforms, Inc. continues to defend such actions, any judgment against Meta Platforms, Inc., or any future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of the management of Meta Platforms, Inc.’s attention and resources. If META trading is halted, trading in Shares of the Fund may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
Meta Platforms, Inc. Performance Risk. Meta Platforms, Inc. may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of META to decline. Meta Platforms, Inc. provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance Meta Platforms, Inc. provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If Meta Platforms, Inc.’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by Meta Platforms, Inc. could decline significantly.
Communication Services Sector Risk. Communication services companies may be subject to specific risks associated with legislative or regulatory changes, adverse market conditions, intellectual property use and/or increased competition. Communication services companies are particularly vulnerable to rapid advancements in technology, the innovation of competitors, rapid product obsolescence and government regulation and competition, both domestically and internationally. Additionally, fluctuating domestic and international demand, shifting demographics and often unpredictable changes in consumer tastes can drastically affect a communication services company’s profitability. While all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain communication services companies may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.
NVIDIA Corporation Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of NVDA. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of NVDA, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of NVDA, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks
Indirect Investment in NVIDIA Corporation Risk. NVIDIA Corporation is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of NVIDIA Corporation. but will be exposed to the performance of NVDA (the underlying stock). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying stock but will be subject to declines in the performance of the underlying stock.
NVDA Trading Risk. The trading price of NVDA may be highly volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors. The stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In particular, a large proportion of NVDA may be traded by short sellers which may put pressure on the supply and demand for the common stock of NVIDIA Corporation, further influencing volatility in its market price. Public perception and other factors outside of the control of NVIDIA Corporation may additionally impact NVDA’s stock price due to NVIDIA Corporation garnering a disproportionate degree of public attention, regardless of actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies such as these. Moreover, stockholder litigation like this has been filed against NVIDIA Corporation in the past. While NVIDIA Corporation continues to defend such actions, any judgment against NVIDIA Corporation, or any future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of the management of NVIDIA Corporation’s attention and resources. If NVDA trading is halted, trading in Shares of the Fund may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
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NVIDIA Corporation Performance Risk. NVIDIA Corporation may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of NVDA to decline. NVIDIA Corporation provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance NVIDIA Corporation provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If NVIDIA Corporation’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by NVIDIA Corporation could decline significantly.
NVIDIA Corporation’s accelerated computing platforms address four large markets: Gaming, Data Center, Professional Visualization, and Automotive. These markets experience rapid changes in technology, customer requirements, new product introductions and enhancements, and industry standards.
Semiconductor Company Risk. Competitive pressures may have a significant effect on the financial condition of semiconductor companies and, as product cycles shorten and manufacturing capacity increases, these companies may become increasingly subject to aggressive pricing, which hampers profitability. Reduced demand for end-user products, under-utilization of manufacturing capacity, and other factors could adversely impact the operating results of companies in the semiconductor sector. Semiconductor companies typically face high capital costs and may be heavily dependent on intellectual property rights. The semiconductor sector is highly cyclical, which may cause the operating results of many semiconductor companies to vary significantly. The stock prices of companies in the semiconductor sector have been and likely will continue to be extremely volatile.
Strategy Inc Risks. The Fund invests in options contracts that are based on the value of MSTR. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of MSTR, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in options contracts that are based on the value of MSTR, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in MSTR Risk. MSTR is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of MSTR but will be exposed to the performance of MSTR (the underlying stock). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying stock but will be subject to declines in the performance of the underlying stock.
MSTR Trading Risk. The trading price of MSTR may be highly volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors. The stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In particular, a large proportion of MSTR may be traded by short sellers which may put pressure on the supply and demand for the common stock of MSTR, further influencing volatility in its market price. Public perception and other factors outside of the control of MSTR may additionally impact MSTR’s share price due to MSTR garnering a disproportionate degree of public attention, regardless of actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies such as these. Moreover, stockholder litigation like this has been filed against MSTR in the past. While MSTR continues to defend such actions, any judgment against MSTR, or any future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of the management of MSTR’s attention and resources. If MSTR trading is halted, trading in Shares of the Fund may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
MSTR Performance Risk. MSTR may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of MSTR to decline. MSTR provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance MSTR provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If MSTR’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by MSTR could decline significantly.
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Software Industry Risk. The software industry can be significantly affected by intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or failing to obtain) patent approvals, the cost of litigating patent infringement and the loss of patent protection for products (which significantly increases pricing pressures and can materially reduce profitability with respect to such products). In addition, many software companies have limited operating histories. Prices of these companies’ securities historically have been more volatile than other securities, especially over the short term.
Bitcoin Risk. While the Fund will not directly invest in digital assets, it will be subject to the risks associated with Bitcoin by virtue of its investments in options contracts that reference MSTR. Investing in Bitcoin exposes investors (such as MSTR and, in turn, MSTR shareholders) to significant risks that are not typically present in other investments. These risks include the uncertainty surrounding new technology, limited evaluation due to Bitcoin’s short trading history, and the potential decline in adoption and value over the long term. The extreme volatility of Bitcoin’s price is also a risk factor. Regulatory uncertainties, such as potential government interventions and conflicting regulations across jurisdictions, can impact the demand for Bitcoin and restrict its usage. Additionally, risks associated with the sale of newly mined Bitcoin, Bitcoin exchanges, competition from alternative digital assets, mining operations, network modifications, and intellectual property claims pose further challenges to Bitcoin-linked investments.
Oracle Corporation Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of ORCL. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of ORCL, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of ORCL, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in ORCL Risk. ORCL is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, or the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of ORCL but will be exposed to the performance of ORCL (the Underlying Security). Investors in the Fund will not have the right to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the Underlying Security but will be subject to declines in the performance of the Underlying Security.
ORCL Trading Risk. The trading price of ORCL may be subject to volatility and could experience wide fluctuations due to various factors. Short sellers may also play a significant role in trading ORCL, potentially affecting the supply and demand dynamics and contributing to market price volatility. Public perception and external factors beyond the company’s control may influence ORCL’s stock price disproportionately. Additionally, following periods of market volatility, companies have faced securities class action litigation. Any adverse judgment or future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources. In the event of a halt in trading of ORCL, trading in shares of related funds may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
ORCL Performance Risk. ORCL may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of ORCL to decline. ORCL provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance ORCL provides may not ultimately be accurate. If ORCL’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by ORCL could decline significantly.
Software Industry Risk. The software industry can be significantly affected by intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or failing to obtain) patent approvals, the cost of litigating patent infringement and the loss of patent protection for products (which significantly increases pricing pressures and can materially reduce profitability with respect to such products). In addition, many software companies have limited operating histories. Prices of these companies’ securities historically have been more volatile than other securities, especially over the short term.
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Operations and Business Risks. ORCL may be unsuccessful in developing and selling new products and services, integrating acquired products and services and enhancing its existing products and services. ORCL’s industry is characterized by rapid technological advances, intense competition, changing delivery models, evolving standards in communications infrastructure, increasingly sophisticated customer needs and frequent new product introductions and enhancements. If ORCL is unable to develop new or sufficiently differentiated products and services, enhance and improve its product offerings and support services in a timely manner or position and price its products and services to meet demand, customers may not purchase or subscribe to ORCL’s license, hardware or cloud offerings or renew license support, hardware support or cloud subscriptions contracts.
Data Security Risks. If ORCL’s security measures for its products and services are compromised and as a result, its data, its customers’ data or its IT systems are accessed improperly, made unavailable, or improperly modified, ORCL’s products and services may be perceived as vulnerable, its brand and reputation could be damaged, the IT services ORCL provides to its customers could be disrupted, and customers may stop using ORCL’s products and services, any of which could reduce ORCL’s revenue and earnings, increase its expenses and expose it to legal claims and regulatory actions.
Intellectual Property Risks. ORCL relies on copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures, controls and contractual commitments to protect its intellectual property. Despite ORCL’s efforts, these protections may be limited. Unauthorized third parties may try to copy or reverse engineer ORCL products or otherwise use its intellectual property. ORCL patents may be invalidated or circumvented. Any of ORCL’s pending or future patent applications may not be issued with the claim scope it seeks, if at all. In addition, the laws of some countries do not provide the same level of intellectual property protection as U.S. laws and courts. If ORCL cannot protect its intellectual property against unauthorized copying or use, or other misappropriation, ORCL may not remain competitive.
Palantir Technologies Inc. Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of PLTR. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of PLTR, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of PLTR, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in Palantir Technologies Inc. Risk. Palantir Technologies Inc. is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of PLTR but will be exposed to the performance of PLTR (the Underlying Security). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying stock but will be subject to declines in the performance of the underlying stock.
PLTR Trading Risk. The trading price of PLTR may be highly volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors. The stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In particular, a large proportion of PLTR may be traded by short sellers which may put pressure on the supply and demand for the common stock of PLTR, further influencing volatility in its market price. Public perception and other factors outside of the control of PLTR may additionally impact PLTR’s stock price due to PLTR garnering a disproportionate degree of public attention, regardless of actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies such as these. Moreover, stockholder litigation like this has been filed against PLTR in the past. While PLTR continues to defend such actions, any judgment against PLTR, or any future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of the management of PLTR’s attention and resources. If PLTR trading is halted, trading in Shares of the Fund may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
Palantir Technologies Inc. Performance Risk. Palantir Technologies Inc. may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of PLTR to decline. Palantir Technologies Inc. provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance Palantir Technologies Inc. provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If Palantir Technologies Inc.’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by Palantir Technologies Inc. could decline significantly.
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Software Industry Risk. The software industry can be significantly affected by intense competition, aggressive pricing, technological innovations, and product obsolescence. Companies in the software industry are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as aggressive pricing, new market entrants, competition for market share, short product cycles due to an accelerated rate of technological developments and the potential for limited earnings and/or falling profit margins. These companies also face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. These factors can affect the profitability of these companies and, as a result, the value of their securities. Also, patent protection is integral to the success of many companies in this industry, and profitability can be affected materially by, among other things, the cost of obtaining (or failing to obtain) patent approvals, the cost of litigating patent infringement and the loss of patent protection for products (which significantly increases pricing pressures and can materially reduce profitability with respect to such products). In addition, many software companies have limited operating histories. Prices of these companies’ securities historically have been more volatile than other securities, especially over the short term.
AI Platform Risk. Palantir Technologies Inc. has launched an AI (artificial intelligence) platform, which subjects Palantir Technologies Inc. to additional risks, including challenges in developing and deploying new technologies to meet customer needs and ensuring compatibility with third-party products and services. Palantir Technologies Inc. may struggle to hire, retain, and train qualified personnel, which is crucial for meeting customer demand. The use of AI could lead to reputational harm or liability issues, and there may be difficulties in obtaining, maintaining, protecting, and enforcing intellectual property rights. Additionally, the platform could encounter real or perceived errors, failures, defects, or bugs, and reliance on third-party technology could pose risks if it becomes difficult to replace or causes errors. Finally, Palantir Technologies Inc.’s AI platform will be subject to complex and evolving U.S. and non-U.S. laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, security, and technology protection.
Tesla, Inc. Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of TSLA. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of TSLA, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of TSLA, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
Indirect Investment in TSLA Risk. Tesla, Inc. is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with this offering in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate actions that might affect the value of Shares. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of Tesla, Inc. but will be exposed to the performance of TSLA (an Underlying Security). Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the Underlying Security but will be subject to declines in the performance of the Underlying Security.
TSLA Trading Risk. The trading price of TSLA may be highly volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors. The stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In particular, a large proportion of TSLA may be traded by short sellers which may put pressure on the supply and demand for the common stock of Tesla, Inc., further influencing volatility in its market price. Public perception and other factors outside of the control of Tesla, Inc. may additionally impact TSLA’s stock price due to Tesla, Inc. garnering a disproportionate degree of public attention, regardless of actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies such as these. Moreover, stockholder litigation like this has been filed against Tesla, Inc. in the past. While Tesla, Inc. continues to defend such actions, any judgment against Tesla, Inc., or any future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of the management of Tesla, Inc.’s attention and resources. If TSLA trading is halted, trading in Shares of the Fund may be impacted, either temporarily or indefinitely.
Tesla, Inc. Performance Risk. Tesla, Inc. may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of TSLA to decline. Tesla, Inc. provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance Tesla, Inc. provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If Tesla, Inc.’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by Tesla, Inc. could decline significantly.
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Electric Vehicles Risk. The future growth and success of Tesla, Inc. are dependent upon consumers’ demand for electric vehicles, and specifically, its vehicles in an automotive industry that is generally competitive, cyclical and volatile. If the market for electric vehicles in general and Tesla, Inc. vehicles in particular does not develop as Tesla, Inc. expects, develops more slowly than it expects, or if demand for its vehicles decreases in its markets or its vehicles compete with each other, the business, prospects, financial condition and operating results of Tesla, Inc. may be harmed. Tesla, Inc. is still at an earlier stage of development and have limited resources and production relative to established competitors that offer internal combustion engine vehicles. In addition, electric vehicles still comprise a small percentage of overall vehicle sales. As a result, the market for Tesla, Inc. vehicles could be negatively affected by numerous factors, such as: (i) perceptions about electric vehicle features, quality, safety, performance and cost; (ii) perceptions about the limited range over which electric vehicles may be driven on a single battery charge, and access to charging facilities; (iii) competition, including from other types of alternative fuel vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and high fuel-economy internal combustion engine vehicles; (iv) volatility in the cost of oil and gasoline, such as wide fluctuations in crude oil prices; (v) government regulations and economic incentives; and (vi) concerns about the future viability of Tesla, Inc. Finally, the target demographics for Tesla, Inc. vehicles are highly competitive. Sales of vehicles in the automotive industry tend to be cyclical in many markets, which may expose Tesla, Inc. to further volatility.
Automotive Companies Risk. The automotive industry can be highly cyclical, and companies in the industry may suffer periodic operating losses. Automotive companies can be significantly affected by labor relations, fluctuating component prices and supplier disruptions. Developments in automotive technologies (e.g., autonomous vehicle technologies) may require significant capital expenditures that may not generate profits for several years, if ever. Automotive companies may be significantly subject to government policies and regulations regarding imports and exports of automotive products. Governmental policies affecting the automotive industry, such as taxes, tariffs, duties, subsidies, and import and export restrictions on automotive products can influence industry profitability. In addition, such companies must comply with environmental laws and regulations, for which there may be severe consequences for non-compliance. While most of the major automotive manufacturers are large companies, certain others may be non-diversified in both product line and customer base and may be more vulnerable to certain events that may negatively impact the automotive industry.
Elon Musk’s Influence on TSLA Risk. The Fund’s performance is closely tied to the stock price of TSLA, which may be significantly impacted by the actions, decisions, and public statements of its CEO, Elon Musk. His social media activity, interviews, and public remarks have historically caused sharp volatility in TSLA’s stock price and have, at times, resulted in regulatory scrutiny and legal proceedings. Additionally, Mr. Musk’s leadership decisions, including strategic shifts or changes in Tesla’s business model, could introduce uncertainty. His involvement in multiple high-profile ventures, such as SpaceX and X (formerly Twitter), may also raise concerns about his focus on Tesla. Furthermore, any potential reduction in his role or departure from Tesla could negatively affect investor sentiment. Given Mr. Musk’s influence, TSLA’s valuation may be subject to sudden and unpredictable changes, which could materially impact the Fund’s performance.
ADDITIONAL RISKS
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or group of industries assigned to the Underlying Security. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of each Fund’s investment objective, each Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that a Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If a Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
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Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
ETF Risk
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Funds have a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. Each Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, a Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, a Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause a Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, a Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on a Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of a Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers and bid-ask spreads, which is the cost of the difference between the price at which an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares, which varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and the spread is generally lower if Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.
Management Risk. The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed portfolio. In managing the Fund’s investment portfolio, the portfolio manager will apply investment techniques and risk analyses that may not produce the desired result. There can be no guarantee that the Fund will meet its investment objective.
Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant.
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Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the applicable Exchange, and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the applicable Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. This risk may be greater for the Funds as they seek to have exposure to a single underlying Index as opposed to a more diverse portfolio like a traditional pooled investment. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of a Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the applicable Exchange at a market price that may be below, at or above a Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the applicable Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on an Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the applicable Exchange’s “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the applicable Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of a Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. In the event of an unscheduled market close for options contracts that reference a single Index, such as the Underlying Issuers’ securities being halted or a market wide closure, settlement prices will be determined by the procedures of the listing exchange of the options contracts. As a result, a Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Funds may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the securities in its portfolio. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase a Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Funds due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of a Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Funds may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
NAV Erosion Risk Due to Distributions. If a Fund makes a distribution, the Fund’s NAV will typically drop by the amount of the distribution on the related ex-dividend date (i.e., the date by which you need to own a dividend-paying stock in order to receive the upcoming dividend payment). The repeated payment of distributions, if any, by a Fund may significantly erode the Fund’s NAV and trading price over time. As a result, an investor may suffer significant losses to their investment.
New Fund Risk. Each Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because each Fund is “non-diversified,” a Fund may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause a Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if such Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase a Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Operational Risk. Each Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Funds’ service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. Each Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect a Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Funds and the Funds’ investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
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Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Funds may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
Information about each Fund’s daily portfolio holdings will be available on the Funds’ website at www.defianceetfs.com.
A complete description of each Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of a Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s SAI.
MANAGEMENT
Investment Adviser
Tidal Investments LLC (“Tidal” or “Adviser”), a Tidal Financial Group company, located at 234 West Florida Street, Suite 700, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, is an SEC registered investment adviser and a Delaware limited liability company. Tidal was founded in March 2012 and is dedicated to understanding, researching and managing assets within the expanding ETF universe. As of December 31, 2025, Tidal had assets under management of approximately $46.33 billion and served as the investment adviser or sub-adviser for 322 registered funds.
Tidal serves as investment adviser to the Funds and has overall responsibility for the general management and administration of the Funds pursuant to an investment advisory agreement with the Trust, on behalf of each Fund (the “Advisory Agreement”). The Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund’s portfolio, including determining the securities and financial instruments purchased and sold by each Fund, and trading portfolio securities and financial instruments for each Fund, including selecting broker-dealers to execute purchase and sale transactions. The Adviser also arranges for sub-advisory, transfer agency, custody, fund administration, and all other related services necessary for the Fund to operate. For the services provided to the Funds, each Fund pays the Adviser a unitary management fee of 0.99%, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on such Fund’s average daily net assets.
Under the Advisory Agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from the Fund, the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by such Fund, except for advisory fees, interest charges on any borrowings made for investment purposes, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by a Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, and litigation expenses, and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses (collectively, the “Excluded Expenses”).
Advisory Agreement
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Funds’ Advisory Agreement will be available in the Funds’ Semi-Annual Certified Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR for the period ending February 28, 2026.
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Portfolio Manager
Mr. Scott Snyder (the “Portfolio Manager”) has served as a portfolio manager of each Fund since its inception in 2026. The Portfolio Manager is responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund and oversees trading and execution for the Funds.
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager
Scott Snyder joined the Adviser in 2025 as SVP of Trading. Mr. Snyder has over 40 years of experience in the financial markets and more specifically in the options market. Mr. Snyder led the trading team at ZEGA Financial, LLC (“ZEGA”) before joining Tidal. He started his career in 1983 and for 20 years was an independent market maker on the floor of the CBOE. In 2003, Mr. Snyder joined think or swim as Chief Options Strategist for a subsidiary of think or swim advisors. Mr. Snyder then helped lead the RIA trading, execution platform support and option education business for TD Ameritrade and then Schwab from 2009-2024.
The Funds’ SAI provides additional information about the portfolio manager’s compensation structure, other accounts that the portfolio manager manages, and the portfolio manager’s ownership of Shares.
Fund Sponsor
The Adviser has entered into a fund sponsorship agreement with Defiance ETFs, LLC (“Defiance”) pursuant to which Defiance is a sponsor to the Funds. Under this arrangement, Defiance has agreed to provide financial support (as described below) to the Funds. Every month, unitary management fees for the Funds are calculated and paid to the Adviser, and the Adviser retains a portion of the unitary management fees from the Funds.
In return for its financial support for the Funds, the Adviser has agreed to pay Defiance a portion of any remaining profits generated by unitary management fee the Funds. If the amount of the unitary management fees for a Fund exceeds the Fund’s operating expenses and the Adviser-retained amount, that excess amount is considered “remaining profit.” In that case, the Adviser will pay a portion of the remaining profits to Defiance.
Further, if the amount of the unitary management fee for a Fund is less than the Fund’s operating expenses and the Adviser-retained amount, Defiance is obligated to reimburse the Adviser for a portion of the shortfall.
HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES
Each Fund issues and redeems Shares only in Creation Units at the NAV per share next determined after receipt of an order from an AP. Only APs may acquire Shares directly from a Fund, and only APs may tender their Shares for redemption directly to the Funds, at NAV. APs must be a member or participant of a clearing agency registered with the SEC and must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor (defined below), and that has been accepted by a Fund’s transfer agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Once created, Shares trade in the secondary market in quantities less than a Creation Unit.
In order to purchase Creation Units of a Fund, an AP must generally deposit a designated portfolio of equity securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash. Purchases and redemptions of Creation Units primarily with cash, rather than through in-kind delivery of portfolio securities, may cause the Funds to incur certain costs. These costs could include brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that it might not have incurred if it had made redemption in-kind. These costs could be imposed on a Fund, and thus decrease the Fund’s NAV, to the extent that the costs are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP. Most investors buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers. Individual Shares are listed for trading on the secondary market on the applicable Exchange and can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded securities.
When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offer price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction. In addition, because secondary market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more than NAV when you buy Shares, and receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares.
Book Entry
Shares are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding Shares.
Investors owning Shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all Shares. DTC’s participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book-entry or “street name” through your brokerage account.
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Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Shares
None of the Funds imposes any restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions of Shares. In determining not to approve a written, established policy, the Board evaluated the risks of market timing activities by a Fund’s shareholders. Purchases and redemptions by APs, who are the only parties that may purchase or redeem Shares directly with a Fund, are an essential part of the ETF process and help keep Share trading prices in line with the NAV. As such, the Funds accommodate frequent purchases and redemptions by APs. However, the Board has also determined that frequent purchases and redemptions for cash may increase tracking error and portfolio transaction costs and may lead to the realization of capital gains. To minimize these potential consequences of frequent purchases and redemptions, each Fund employs fair value pricing and may impose transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by such Fund in effecting trades. In addition, the Funds and the Adviser reserve the right to reject any purchase order at any time.
Determination of Net Asset Value
Each Fund’s NAV is calculated as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, each day the NYSE is open for regular business. The NAV for the Funds is calculated by dividing such Fund’s net assets by its Shares outstanding.
In calculating its NAV, each Fund generally value its assets on the basis of market quotations, last sale prices, or estimates of value furnished by a pricing service or brokers who make markets in such instruments. If such information is not available for a security held by a Fund or is determined to be unreliable, the security will be valued at fair value estimates under guidelines established by the Adviser (as described below).
Each Fund values exchange-traded options at the composite mean price, calculated as the average of the highest bid and lowest ask prices across the exchanges on which the option is principally traded.
When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offer price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction. In addition, because secondary market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more than NAV when you buy Shares, and receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares.
Fair Value Pricing
The Board has designated the Adviser as the “valuation designee” for each Fund under Rule 2a-5 of the 1940 Act, subject to its oversight. The Adviser has adopted procedures and methodologies, which have been approved by the Board, to fair value Fund investments whose market prices are not “readily available” or are deemed to be unreliable. For example, such circumstances may arise when: (i) an investment has been delisted or has had its trading halted or suspended; (ii) an investment’s primary pricing source is unable or unwilling to provide a price; (iii) an investment’s primary trading market is closed during regular market hours; or (iv) an investment’s value is materially affected by events occurring after the close of the investment’s primary trading market. Generally, when fair valuing an investment, the Adviser will take into account all reasonably available information that may be relevant to a particular valuation including, but not limited to, fundamental analytical data regarding the issuer, information relating to the issuer’s business, recent trades or offers of the investment, general and/or specific market conditions, and the specific facts giving rise to the need to fair value the investment. Fair value determinations are made in good faith and in accordance with the fair value methodologies included in the Adviser-adopted valuation procedures. The Adviser will fair value Fund investments whose market prices are not “readily available” or are deemed to be unreliable. Due to the subjective and variable nature of fair value pricing, there can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to obtain the fair value assigned to the investment upon the sale of such investment.
Delivery of Shareholder Documents – Householding
Householding is an option available to certain investors of the Funds. Householding is a method of delivery, based on the preference of the individual investor, in which a single copy of certain shareholder documents can be delivered to investors who share the same address, even if their accounts are registered under different names. Householding for the Funds is available through certain broker-dealers. If you are interested in enrolling in householding and receiving a single copy of prospectuses and other shareholder documents, please contact your broker-dealer. If you are currently enrolled in householding and wish to change your householding status, please contact your broker-dealer.
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES
Dividends and Distributions
The Funds intend to pay out dividends and interest income, if any, twice weekly, and distribute any net realized capital gains to their shareholders at least annually.
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The Funds will declare and pay income and capital gain distributions, if any, in cash. Distributions in cash may be reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares only if the broker through whom you purchased Shares makes such option available. Your broker is responsible for distributing the income and capital gain distributions to you.
Taxes
The following discussion is a summary of some important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Funds. Your investment in a Fund may have other tax implications. Please consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares, including the possible application of foreign, state, and local tax laws.
Each Fund intends to qualify each year for treatment as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. If it meets certain minimum distribution requirements, a RIC is not subject to tax at the fund level on income and gains from investments that are timely distributed to shareholders. However, a Fund’s failure to qualify as a RIC or to meet minimum distribution requirements would result (if certain relief provisions were not available) in fund-level taxation and, consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to shareholders.
Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA plan, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when a Fund makes distributions, when you sell your Shares listed on the applicable Exchange, and when you purchase or redeem Creation Units (institutional investors only).
The following general discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences is based on provisions of the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this Prospectus. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein.
Taxes on Distributions. For federal income tax purposes, distributions of net investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income or qualified dividend income. Taxes on distributions of net capital gains (if any) are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned their Shares. Sales of assets held by a Fund for more than one year generally result in long-term capital gains and losses, and sales of assets held by such Fund for one year or less generally result in short-term capital gains and losses. Distributions of a Fund’s net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that are reported by such Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable as long-term capital gains. Distributions of short-term capital gain will generally be taxable as ordinary income. Dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares.
Distributions reported by a Fund as “qualified dividend income” are generally taxed to non-corporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided certain holding period and other requirements are met. “Qualified dividend income” generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that a Fund receives in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market. Due to the nature of each Fund’s principal investment strategies as described above, the Funds may have only a limited amount of or no qualified dividend income to distribute. Corporate shareholders may be entitled to a dividends-received deduction for the portion of dividends they receive from a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by such Fund from U.S. corporations, subject to certain limitations. Given the investment strategy of each Fund, it is unlikely that a Fund will have qualified dividend income
Shortly after the close of each calendar year, you will be informed of the character of any distributions received from a Fund.
In addition to the federal income tax, certain individuals, trusts, and estates with income exceeding specified thresholds may be subject to a Net Investment Income (“NII”) tax of 3.8%. The NII tax is imposed on the lesser of: (i) a taxpayer’s investment income, net of deductions properly allocable to such income; or (ii) the amount by which such taxpayer’s modified adjusted gross income exceeds certain thresholds ($250,000 for married individuals filing jointly, $200,000 for unmarried individuals and $125,000 for married individuals filing separately). Each Fund’s distributions are includable in a shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this NII tax. In addition, any capital gain realized by a shareholder upon a sale or redemption of shares of a Fund is includable in such shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this NII tax.
In general, your distributions are subject to federal income tax for the year in which they are paid. Certain distributions paid in January, however, may be treated as paid on December 31 of the prior year. Distributions are generally taxable even if they are paid from income or gains earned by a Fund before your investment (and thus were included in the Shares’ NAV when you purchased your Shares).
You may wish to avoid investing in a Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because such a distribution will generally be taxable even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of your investment.
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If you are neither a resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a foreign entity, distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) paid to you by a Fund will generally be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%, unless a lower treaty rate applies. The Funds may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met.
Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), the Funds may be required to withhold a generally nonrefundable 30% tax on distributions of net investment income paid to (A) certain “foreign financial institutions” unless such foreign financial institution agrees to verify, monitor, and report to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) the identity of certain of its account-holders, among other items (or unless such entity is otherwise deemed compliant under the terms of an intergovernmental agreement between the United States and the foreign financial institution’s country of residence), and (B) certain “non-financial foreign entities” unless such entity certifies to the Fund that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or provides the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner, among other items. This FATCA withholding tax could also affect a Fund’s return on its investments in foreign securities or affect a shareholder’s return if the shareholder holds its Fund shares through a foreign intermediary. You are urged to consult your tax adviser regarding the application of this FATCA withholding tax to your investment in a Fund and the potential certification, compliance, due diligence, reporting, and withholding obligations to which you may become subject in order to avoid this withholding tax.
Each Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder owns Shares) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and sale or redemption proceeds paid to any shareholder who fails to properly furnish a correct taxpayer identification number, who has underreported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify that they are not subject to such withholding.
Taxes When Shares are Sold on an Exchange
Any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Shares generally is treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for one year or less. However, any capital loss on a sale of Shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of Capital Gain Dividends paid with respect to such Shares. Any loss realized on a sale will be disallowed to the extent Shares of a Fund are acquired, including through reinvestment of dividends, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the sale of substantially identical Shares.
Taxes on Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units
An AP having the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally recognizes a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the exchanging AP’s aggregate basis in the securities delivered plus the amount of any cash paid for the Creation Units. An AP who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanging AP’s basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate U.S. dollar market value of the securities received, plus any cash received for such Creation Units. The IRS may assert, however, that a loss that is realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units may not be currently deducted under the rules governing “wash sales” (for an AP who does not mark-to-market their holdings) or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. Persons exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible.
Any capital gain or loss realized upon redemption of Creation Units is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if Shares comprising the Creation Units have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if such Shares have been held for one year or less.
The Funds may include a payment of cash in addition to, or in place of, the delivery of a basket of securities upon the redemption of Creation Units. The Funds may sell portfolio securities to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Funds to recognize investment income and/or capital gains or losses that it might not have recognized if it had completely satisfied the redemption in-kind. As a result, the Funds may be less tax efficient if it includes such a cash payment in the proceeds paid upon the redemption of Creation Units.
Important Tax Considerations When Purchasing Fund Shares
If you are investing through a taxable account, you should carefully consider the timing of your investment relative to a Fund’s distribution schedule. Purchasing Fund shares shortly before a distribution may increase your tax liability, a situation commonly referred to as “buying a dividend.”
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When a Fund makes a distribution, its share price typically drops by an amount roughly equal to the distribution. As a hypothetical example, if you invest $5,000 to purchase 250 shares at $20 per share on December 15, and the Fund pays a $1 per share distribution on December 16, the share price would adjust to $19 (ignoring market fluctuations). Although your total investment value remains $5,000 (250 shares × $19 in share value plus 250 shares × $1 distribution), you would owe taxes on the $250 distribution, even if you reinvest the distribution rather than receiving it in cash.
Distributions are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains realized by a Fund before you invested, and even if they were reflected in the purchase price of the shares. Consequently, you may incur taxes on income or gains that accrued before your investment, without corresponding benefit.
Unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement plan, you may wish to avoid purchasing Fund shares shortly before a distribution. You can minimize the potential tax impact by reviewing the relevant Fund’s distribution schedule prior to investing. When available, information about a Fund’s distribution schedule can be found on the Funds’ website at www.defianceetfs.com.
The foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current federal tax law of an investment in the Funds. It is not a substitute for personal tax advice. You also may be subject to foreign, state and local tax on Fund distributions and sales of Shares. Consult your personal tax advisor about the potential tax consequences of an investment in Shares under all applicable tax laws. For more information, please see the section entitled “Federal Income Taxes” in the SAI.
DISTRIBUTION
Foreside Fund Services, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group (dba ACA Group) (the “Distributor”), the Funds’ distributor, is a broker-dealer registered with the SEC. The Distributor distributes Creation Units for the Fund on an agency basis and does not maintain a secondary market in Shares. The Distributor has no role in determining the policies of the Funds or the securities that are purchased or sold by the Funds. The Distributor’s principal address is 190 Middle Street, Suite 301Portland, Maine 04101.
The Board has adopted a Distribution (Rule 12b-1) Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. In accordance with the Plan, the Funds are authorized to pay an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year to pay distribution fees for the sale and distribution of its Shares.
No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Funds, and there are no plans to impose these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, because the fees are paid out of assets of the respective Fund on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than certain other types of sales charges.
PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION
When available, information regarding how often Shares of the Funds traded on the applicable Exchange at a price above (i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) the NAV of such Fund can be found on the Funds’ website at www.defianceetfs.com.
ADDITIONAL NOTICES
Shares are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by an Exchange. The Exchanges are not responsible for, nor has any Exchange participated in the determination of, the timing, prices, or quantities of Shares to be issued, nor in the determination or calculation of the equation by which Shares are redeemable. An Exchange has no obligation or liability to owners of Shares in connection with the administration, marketing, or trading of Shares.
Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall any Exchange have any liability for any lost profits or indirect, punitive, special, or consequential damages even if notified of the possibility thereof.
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The Third Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (“Declaration of Trust”) provides a detailed process for the bringing of derivative or direct actions by shareholders in order to permit legitimate inquiries and claims while avoiding the time, expense, distraction, and other harm that can be caused to a Fund or its shareholders as a result of spurious shareholder demands and derivative actions. Prior to bringing a derivative action, a demand by three unrelated shareholders must first be made on a Fund’s Trustees. The Declaration of Trust details various information, certifications, undertakings and acknowledgments that must be included in the demand. Following receipt of the demand, the trustees have a period of 90 days, which may be extended by an additional 60 days, to consider the demand. If a majority of the Trustees who are considered independent for the purposes of considering the demand determine that maintaining the suit would not be in the best interests of the Fund, the Trustees are required to reject the demand and the complaining shareholders may not proceed with the derivative action unless the shareholders are able to sustain the burden of proof to a court that the decision of the Trustees not to pursue the requested action was not a good faith exercise of their business judgment on behalf of the Fund. The Declaration of Trust further provides that shareholders owning Shares representing no less than a majority of a Fund’s outstanding shares must join in bringing the derivative action. If a demand is rejected, the complaining shareholders will be responsible for the costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by the Fund in connection with the consideration of the demand, if a court determines that the demand was made without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose. If a derivative action is brought in violation of the Declaration of Trust, the shareholders bringing the action may be responsible for the Fund’s costs, including attorneys’ fees, if a court determines that the action was brought without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose. The Declaration of Trust provides that no shareholder may bring a direct action claiming injury as a shareholder of the Trust, or any Fund, where the matters alleged (if true) would give rise to a claim by the Trust or by the Trust on behalf of a Fund, unless the shareholder has suffered an injury distinct from that suffered by the shareholders of the Trust, or the Fund, generally. Under the Declaration of Trust, a shareholder bringing a direct claim must be a shareholder of the Fund with respect to which the direct action is brought at the time of the injury complained of or have acquired the shares afterwards by operation of law from a person who was a shareholder at that time. The Declaration of Trust further provides that a Fund shall be responsible for payment of attorneys’ fees and legal expenses incurred by a complaining shareholder only if required by law, and any attorneys’ fees that the Fund is obligated to pay shall be calculated using reasonable hourly rates. These provisions do not apply to claims brought under the federal securities laws.
The Declaration of Trust also requires that actions by shareholders against a Fund be brought exclusively in a federal or state court located within the State of Delaware. This provision will not apply to claims brought under the federal securities laws. Limiting shareholders’ ability to bring actions only in courts located in Delaware may cause shareholders economic hardship to litigate the action in those courts, including paying for travel expenses of witnesses and counsel, requiring retaining local counsel, and may limit shareholders’ ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that shareholders find favorable for disputes, which may discourage such actions.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
This section would ordinarily include Financial Highlights for the Funds. The Financial Highlights tables are intended to help you understand the performance of each Fund for that Fund’s periods of operations. Because the Funds have not yet commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus, no Financial Highlights are shown.
119
Defiance ETFs
Adviser |
Tidal
Investments LLC 234 West Florida Street, Suite 700 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204 |
Administrator | Tidal
ETF Services LLC 234 West Florida Street, Suite 700 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204 |
| Distributor | Foreside
Fund Services, LLC 190 Middle Street, Suite 301 Portland, Maine 04101 |
Sub-Administrator, Fund Accountant, and Transfer Agent |
U.S.
Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 |
| Legal Counsel | Sullivan
& Worcester LLP 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 19th Floor New York, New York 10020 |
Custodian | U.S.
Bank National Association 1555 North Rivercenter Drive Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 |
| Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
Cohen & Company, Ltd. 1835 Market Street, Suite 310 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 |
Investors may find more information about the Funds in the following documents:
Statement of Additional Information: The Funds’ SAI provides additional details about the investments of each Fund and certain other additional information. A current SAI dated February 9, 2026, as supplemented from time to time, is on file with the SEC and is herein incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. It is legally considered a part of this Prospectus.
Annual/Semi-Annual Reports: Additional information about the Funds’ investments is available in the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports of shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected each Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find each Fund’s annual and semi-annual financial statements.
You can request free copies of these documents, request other information or make general inquiries about the Funds by contacting the Funds at the Defiance ETFs, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 219252, Kansas City, Missouri 64121-9252 or calling 833-333-9383.
Shareholder reports and other information about the Fund are also available:
| ● | Free of charge from the SEC’s EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov; or |
| ● | Free of charge from the Funds’ Internet website at www.defianceetfs.com; or |
| ● | For a fee, by e-mail request to publicinfo@sec.gov. |
(SEC Investment Company Act File No. 811-23793)

Defiance AdvMicrDev LightningSpread™ Income ETF (AMLS)
Defiance AAPL LightningSpread™ Income ETF (AALS)
Defiance Blkstne LightningSpread™ Income ETF (BXLS)
Defiance CRCL LightningSpread™ Income ETF (CRLS)
Defiance COIN LightningSpread™ Income ETF (COLS)
Defiance FcBk LightningSpread™ Income ETF (MELS)
Defiance MSTR LightningSpread™ Income ETF (MSLS)
Defiance NVDA LightningSpread™ Income ETF (NVLS)
Defiance ORCL LightningSpread™ Income ETF (ORLS)
Defiance PLTR LightningSpread™ Income ETF (PLLS)
Defiance TSLA Lightning Spread™ Income ETF (TLLS)
Each listed on Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc.
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
February 9, 2026
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus for the Defiance AdvMicrDev LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance AAPL LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Blkstne LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance CRCL LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance COIN LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance FcBk LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance MSTR LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance NVDA LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance ORCL LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance PLTR LightningSpread™ Income ETF and Defiance TSLA LightningSpread™ Income ETF (each a “Fund” and collectively the “Funds”), each a series of Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), dated February 9, 2026, as may be supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”). Capitalized terms used in this SAI that are not defined have the same meaning as in the Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. A copy of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge, by calling the Funds at (833) 333-9383, visiting www.defianceetfs.com or writing to the Funds at Defiance ETFs, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 219252, Kansas City, Missouri 64121-9252.
Each Fund’s audited financial statements for the most recent fiscal year (when available) will be incorporated into this SAI by reference to such Fund’s most recent annual Certified Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR (File No. 811-23793). When available, a copy of each Fund’s annual Certified Shareholder Report may be obtained at no charge by contacting the Funds at the address or phone number noted above.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE TRUST
The Trust is an open-end management investment company consisting of multiple series, including the Funds. This SAI relates to the Defiance AdvMicrDev LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance AAPL LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Blkstne LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance CRCL LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance COIN LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance FcBk LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance MSTR LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance NVDA LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance ORCL LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance PLTR LightningSpread™ Income ETF and Defiance TSLA LightningSpread™ Income ETF. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on January 13, 2022. The Trust is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (together with the rules and regulations adopted thereunder, as amended, the “1940 Act”), as an open-end management investment company and the offering of each Fund’s shares (“Shares”) is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees (the “Board”). Tidal Investments LLC (“Tidal” or the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to each Fund.
Each Fund offers and issues Shares at its net asset value (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of Shares (each, a “Creation Unit”). The Funds generally offers and issues Shares in exchange for a basket of securities (“Deposit Securities”) together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (“Cash Component”). The Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. Shares of the Funds are each listed on Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”). Shares of the Funds trade on the Exchange at market prices that may differ from the Shares’ respective NAV. Shares are also redeemable only in Creation Unit aggregations, primarily for a basket of Deposit Securities together with a Cash Component. As a practical matter, only institutions or large investors, known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs,” purchase or redeem Creation Units. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, Shares are not individually redeemable.
Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain on deposit with the Trust cash at least equal to a specified percentage of the value of the missing Deposit Securities, as set forth in the Participant Agreement (as defined below). The Trust may impose a transaction fee for each creation or redemption. In all cases, such fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of the SEC applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities. As in the case of other publicly traded securities, brokers’ commissions on transactions in the secondary market will be based on negotiated commission rates at customary levels.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND RELATED RISKS
Each Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies are described in the Prospectus under “Investment Objective” and “Principal Investment Strategies” sections, respectively. The following information supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the Prospectus. For a description of certain permitted investments, see “Description of Permitted Investments” in this SAI.
Each Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing in strategies that seek to provide leveraged exposure to the underlying security noted below (each, an “Underlying Security”) of the corresponding underlying issuer.
| Fund Name | Underlying Issuer | Underlying Security |
| Defiance AdvMicrDev LightningSpread™ Income ETF | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Nasdaq: AMD |
| Defiance AAPL LightningSpread™ Income ETF | Apple Inc. | Nasdaq: AAPL |
| Defiance Blkstne LightningSpread™ Income ETF | Blackstone Inc. | NYSE: BX |
| Defiance CRCL LightningSpread™ Income ETF | Circle Internet Group, Inc. | NYSE: CRCL |
| Defiance COIN LightningSpread™ Income ETF | Coinbase Global, Inc. | Nasdaq: COIN |
| Defiance FcBk LightningSpread™ Income ETF | Meta Platforms, Inc. | Nasdaq: META |
| Defiance MSTR LightningSpread™ Income ETF | Strategy Inc | Nasdaq: MSTR |
| Defiance NVDA LightningSpread™ Income ETF | NVIDIA Corporation | Nasdaq: NVDA |
| Defiance ORCL LightningSpread™ Income ETF | Oracle Corporation | NYSE: ORCL |
| Defiance PLTR LightningSpread™ Income ETF | Palantir Technologies Inc. | Nasdaq: PLTR |
| Defiance TSLA LightningSpread™ Income ETF | Tesla, Inc. | Nasdaq: TSLA |
With respect to a Fund’s investments, unless otherwise noted, if a percentage limitation on investment is adhered to at the time of investment or contract, a subsequent increase or decrease as a result of market movement or redemption will not result in a violation of such investment limitation.
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Non-Diversification
Each Fund is classified as a non-diversified investment company under the 1940 Act’s diversification requirements. A “non-diversified” classification means that the Funds are not limited by the 1940 Act’s diversification requirements with regard to the percentage of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. This means that a Fund may invest a greater portion of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a small number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund, and therefore, those issuers may constitute a greater portion of such Fund’s portfolio. This may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s performance or subject its Shares to greater price volatility than more diversified investment companies. Moreover, in pursuing its objective, a Fund may hold the securities of a single issuer in an amount exceeding 10% of the value of the outstanding securities of the issuer, subject to restrictions imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).
Although the Funds are non-diversified for purposes of the 1940 Act, each Fund intends to maintain the required level of diversification and otherwise conduct its operations so as to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) for purposes of the Code, and to relieve such Fund of any liability for federal income tax to the extent that their earnings are distributed to shareholders. Compliance with the diversification requirements of the Code may limit the investment flexibility of a Fund and may make it less likely that such Fund will meet its investment objectives. See “Federal Income Taxes” in this SAI for further discussion.
General Risks
The value of a Fund’s portfolio securities may fluctuate with changes in the financial condition of an issuer or counterparty, changes in specific economic or political conditions that affect a particular security or issuer and changes in general economic or political conditions. An investor in a Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time.
There can be no guarantee that a liquid market for the securities held by a Fund will be maintained. The existence of a liquid trading market for certain securities may depend on whether dealers will make a market in such securities. There can be no assurance that a market will be made or maintained or that any such market will be or remain liquid. The price at which securities may be sold and the value of Shares will be adversely affected if trading markets for the Fund’s portfolio securities are limited or absent, or if bid-ask spreads are wide.
Cyber Security Risk. Investment companies, such as the Funds, and their service providers may be subject to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber attacks. Cyber attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cyber security breaches. Cyber attacks affecting the Funds or the Adviser, Custodian (defined below), Transfer Agent (defined below), intermediaries and other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Funds. For instance, cyber attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact each Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential company information, impede trading, subject the Funds to regulatory fines or financial losses, and cause reputational damage. The Funds may also incur additional costs for cyber security risk management purposes. Similar types of cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which a Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause a Fund’s investment in such portfolio companies to lose value.
DESCRIPTION OF PERMITTED INVESTMENTS
The following are descriptions of the permitted investments and investment practices and the associated risk factors. The Funds will invest in any of the following instruments or engage in any of the following investment practices only if such investment or activity is consistent with such Fund’s investment objective and permitted by such Fund’s stated investment policies. In addition, certain of the techniques and investments discussed in this SAI are not principal strategies of the Funds as disclosed in the Prospectus, and while such techniques and investments are permissible for a Fund to utilize, such Fund is not required to utilize such non-principal techniques or investments.
Borrowing
Although the Funds do not intend to borrow money, a Fund may do so to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund may borrow up to one-third (1/3) of its total assets. The Funds will borrow money only for short-term or emergency purposes. Such borrowing is not for investment purposes and will be repaid by the applicable Fund promptly. Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on NAV of any increase or decrease in the market value of a Fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by earnings on the securities purchased. The Funds also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with a borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.
2
Depositary Receipts
To the extent the Funds invest in stocks of foreign corporations, a Fund’s investment in securities of foreign companies may be in the form of depositary receipts or other securities convertible into securities of foreign issuers. American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) are dollar-denominated receipts representing interests in the securities of a foreign issuer, which securities may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the securities into which they may be converted. ADRs are receipts typically issued by U.S. banks and trust companies which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. Generally, ADRs in registered form are designed for use in domestic securities markets and are traded on exchanges or over-the-counter in the United States.
Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”), and International Depositary Receipts (“IDRs”) are similar to ADRs in that they are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer; however, GDRs, EDRs, and IDRs may be issued in bearer form and denominated in other currencies and are generally designed for use in specific or multiple securities markets outside the U.S. EDRs, for example, are designed for use in European securities markets, while GDRs are designed for use throughout the world. Depositary receipts will not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities.
The Funds will not invest in any unlisted depositary receipts or any depositary receipt that is deemed to be illiquid or for which pricing information is not readily available. In addition, all depositary receipts generally must be sponsored. However, the Funds may invest in unsponsored depositary receipts under certain limited circumstances. The issuers of unsponsored depositary receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States and, therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the value of the depositary receipts.
Equity Securities
Equity securities, such as the common stocks of an issuer, are subject to stock market fluctuations and therefore may experience volatile changes in value as market conditions, consumer sentiment or the financial condition of the issuers change. A decrease in value of the equity securities in a Fund’s portfolio may also cause the value of such Fund’s Shares to decline.
An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding of the risks inherent in an investment in equity securities, including the risk that the financial condition of issuers may become impaired or that the general condition of the stock market may deteriorate (either of which may cause a decrease in the value of a Fund’s portfolio securities and therefore a decrease in the value of Shares of such Fund). Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence and perceptions change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction; and global or regional political, economic or banking crises.
Types of Equity Securities:
Common Stocks. Common stocks represent units of ownership in a company. Common stocks usually carry voting rights and earn dividends. Unlike preferred stocks, which are described below, dividends on common stocks are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the company’s board of directors.
Holders of common stocks incur more risk than holders of preferred stocks and debt obligations because common stockholders, as owners of the issuer, generally have inferior rights to receive payments from the issuer in comparison with the rights of creditors or holders of debt obligations or preferred stocks. Further, unlike debt securities, which typically have a stated principal amount payable at maturity (whose value, however, is subject to market fluctuations prior thereto), or preferred stocks, which typically have a liquidation preference and which may have stated optional or mandatory redemption provisions, common stocks have neither a fixed principal amount nor a maturity. Common stock values are subject to market fluctuations as long as the common stock remains outstanding.
Preferred Stocks. Preferred stocks are also units of ownership in a company. Preferred stocks normally have preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of the company. However, in all other respects, preferred stocks are subordinated to the liabilities of the issuer. Unlike common stocks, preferred stocks are generally not entitled to vote on corporate matters. Types of preferred stocks include adjustable-rate preferred stock, fixed dividend preferred stock, perpetual preferred stock, and sinking fund preferred stock.
Tracking Stocks. A tracking stock is a separate class of common stock whose value is linked to a specific business unit or operating division within a larger company and which is designed to “track” the performance of such business unit or division. The tracking stock may pay dividends to shareholders independent of the parent company. The parent company, rather than the business unit or division, generally is the issuer of tracking stock. However, holders of the tracking stock may not have the same rights as holders of the company’s common stock.
Generally, the market values of preferred stock with a fixed dividend rate and no conversion element vary inversely with interest rates and perceived credit risk.
3
Rights and Warrants. A right is a privilege granted to existing shareholders of a corporation to subscribe to shares of a new issue of common stock before it is issued. Rights normally have a short life of usually two to four weeks, are freely transferable and entitle the holder to buy the new common stock at a lower price than the public offering price. Warrants are securities that are usually issued together with a debt security or preferred stock and that give the holder the right to buy a proportionate amount of common stock at a specified price. Warrants are freely transferable and are traded on major exchanges. Unlike rights, warrants normally have a life that is measured in years and entitles the holder to buy common stock of a company at a price that is usually higher than the market price at the time the warrant is issued. Corporations often issue warrants to make the accompanying debt security more attractive.
An investment in warrants and rights may entail greater risks than certain other types of investments. Generally, rights and warrants do not carry the right to receive dividends or exercise voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. In addition, their value does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and they cease to have value if they are not exercised on or before their expiration date. Investing in rights and warrants increases the potential profit or loss to be realized from the investment as compared with investing the same amount in the underlying securities.
Smaller Companies. The securities of small- and mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of larger-capitalization companies. The securities of small- and mid-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than larger capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. Some small- or mid-capitalization companies have limited product lines, markets, and financial and managerial resources and tend to concentrate on fewer geographical markets relative to larger capitalization companies. There is typically less publicly available information concerning small- and mid-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies. Small- and mid-capitalization companies also may be particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates, government regulation, borrowing costs, and earnings.
When-Issued Securities. A when-issued security is one whose terms are available and for which a market exists, but which has not been issued. When a Fund engages in when-issued transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the sale. If the other party fails to complete the sale, a Fund may miss the opportunity to obtain the security at a favorable price or yield.
When purchasing a security on a when-issued basis, a Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security, including the risk of price and yield changes. At the time of settlement, the value of the security may be more or less than the purchase price. The yield available in the market when the delivery takes place also may be higher than those obtained in the transaction itself. Because a Fund does not pay for the security until the delivery date, these risks are in addition to the risks associated with its other investments. Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act permits a Fund to invest in securities on a when-issued or forward-settling basis, or with a non-standard settlement cycle, notwithstanding the limitation on the issuance of senior securities in Section 18 of the 1940 Act, provided that the Fund intends to physically settle the transaction and the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date (the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision). A when-issued, forward-settling, or non-standard settlement cycle security that does not satisfy the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision is treated as a derivatives transaction under Rule 18f-4.
Foreign Securities
The Funds may invest directly in foreign securities or have indirect exposure to foreign securities. Investing in securities of foreign companies and countries involves certain considerations and risks that are not typically associated with investing in U.S. government securities and securities of domestic companies. There may be less publicly available information about a foreign issuer than a domestic one, and foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial standards, and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. There may also be less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than exists in the United States. Interest and dividends paid by foreign issuers as well as gains or proceeds realized from the sale or other disposition of foreign securities may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes, which may decrease the net return on such investments as compared to dividends and interest paid to the Funds by domestic companies or the U.S. government. There may be the possibility of expropriations, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, the imposition of economic sanctions, confiscatory taxation, political, economic or social instability, or diplomatic developments that could affect assets of the Funds held in foreign countries. The establishment of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or restrictions could adversely affect the payment of obligations. In addition, investing in foreign securities will generally result in higher commissions than investing in similar domestic securities.
Decreases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which a Fund may invest relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding decrease in the U.S. dollar value of such Fund’s assets denominated in those currencies (and possibly a corresponding increase in the amount of securities required to be liquidated to meet distribution requirements). Conversely, increases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which a Fund invests relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding increase in the U.S. dollar value of such Fund’s assets (and possibly a corresponding decrease in the amount of securities to be liquidated).
4
Investing in emerging markets can have more risk than investing in developed foreign markets. The risks of investing in these markets may be exacerbated relative to investments in foreign markets. Governments of developing and emerging market countries may be more unstable as compared to more developed countries. Developing and emerging market countries may have less developed securities markets or exchanges, and legal and accounting systems. It may be more difficult to sell securities at acceptable prices and security prices may be more volatile than in countries with more mature markets. Currency values may fluctuate more in developing or emerging markets. Developing or emerging market countries may be more likely to impose government restrictions, including confiscatory taxation, expropriation or nationalization of a company’s assets, and restrictions on foreign ownership of local companies. In addition, emerging markets may impose restrictions on a Fund’s ability to repatriate investment income or capital and, thus, may adversely affect the operations of the Funds. Certain emerging markets may impose constraints on currency exchange and some currencies in emerging markets may have been devalued significantly against the U.S. dollar. For these and other reasons, the prices of securities in emerging markets can fluctuate more significantly than the prices of securities of companies in developed countries. The less developed the country, the greater effect these risks may have on the Funds.
Foreign Currencies
Although the Funds intend to only hold investments denominated in U.S. dollars, each Fund may have indirect exposure to foreign currency fluctuations. A Fund’s net asset value could decline if a relevant foreign currency depreciates against the U.S. dollar or if there are delays or limits on the repatriation of such currency. Currency exchange rates can be very volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably. As a result, a Fund’s net asset value may change without warning, which could have a significant negative impact on such Fund.
Illiquid and Restricted Investments
Pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act, a Fund may not acquire any “illiquid investment” if, immediately after the acquisition, the Fund would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments that are assets. An “illiquid investment” is any investment that a Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. Each Fund has implemented a liquidity risk management program and related procedures to identify illiquid investments pursuant to Rule 22e-4. The 15% limit shall be observed continuously. If, through the appreciation of illiquid investments or the depreciation of liquid investments, the Fund were to be in a position where more than 15% of the value of its net assets are invested in illiquid securities, including restricted investments which are not readily marketable, such Fund will take such steps as set forth in its liquidity risk management program.
A Fund may purchase certain restricted securities that can be resold to institutional investors and which may be determined not to be illiquid investments pursuant to the Fund’s liquidity risk management program. In many cases, those securities are traded in the institutional market under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act and are called Rule 144A securities.
Investments in illiquid investments involve more risks than investments in similar securities that are readily marketable. Illiquid investments may trade at a discount from comparable, more liquid investments. Investment of a Fund’s assets in illiquid investments may restrict the ability of the Fund to dispose of its investments in a timely fashion and for a fair price as well as its ability to take advantage of market opportunities. The risks associated with illiquidity will be particularly acute where a Fund’s operations require cash, such as when the Fund has net redemptions, and could result in the Fund borrowing to meet short-term cash requirements or incurring losses on the sale of illiquid investments.
Illiquid investments are often restricted securities sold in private placement transactions between issuers and their purchasers and may be neither listed on an exchange nor traded in other established markets. In many cases, the privately placed securities may not be freely transferable under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction or due to contractual restrictions on resale. To the extent privately placed securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices realized from the sales could be less than those originally paid by a Fund or less than the fair value of the securities. In addition, issuers whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements that may be applicable if their securities were publicly traded. If any privately placed securities held by a Fund are required to be registered under the securities laws of one or more jurisdictions before being resold, the Fund may be required to bear the expenses of registration. Private placement investments may involve investments in smaller, less seasoned issuers, which may involve greater risks than investments in more established companies. These issuers may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent on a limited management group. In making investments in private placement securities, a Fund may obtain access to material non-public information, which may restrict the Fund’s ability to conduct transactions in those securities.
Investment Company Securities
The Funds may invest in the securities of other investment companies, including money market funds and ETFs, subject to applicable limitations under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act. Investing in another pooled vehicle exposes the Funds to all the risks of that pooled vehicle. If the Fund invests in and, thus, is a shareholder of, another investment company, such Fund’s shareholders will indirectly bear the Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by such other investment company, including advisory fees, in addition to both the management fees payable directly by the Fund to the Adviser and the other expenses that the Fund bears directly in connection with its own operations.
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Pursuant to Section 12(d)(1), each Fund may invest in the securities of another investment company (the “acquired company”) provided that such Fund, immediately after such purchase or acquisition, does not own in the aggregate: (i) more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of the acquired company; (ii) securities issued by the acquired company having an aggregate value in excess of 5% of the value of the total assets of the Fund; or (iii) securities issued by the acquired company and all other investment companies (other than treasury stock of the Fund) having an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of the total assets of the Fund. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, each Fund may invest its assets in securities of investment companies that are money market funds in excess of the limits discussed above.
However, registered investment companies are permitted to invest in other investment companies beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions. The Fund may rely on Rule 12d1-4 of the 1940 Act, which provides an exemption from Section 12(d)(1) that allows the Fund to invest beyond the stated limits in other registered funds, including ETFs, if the Fund satisfies certain conditions specified in the Rule, including, among other conditions, that the Fund and its advisory group will not control (individually or in the aggregate) an acquired fund (e.g., hold more than 25% of the outstanding voting securities of an acquired fund that is a registered open-end management investment company).
The Funds may rely on Section 12(d)(1)(F) and Rule 12d1-3 of the 1940 Act, which provide an exemption from Section 12(d)(1) that allows a Fund to invest all of its assets in other registered funds, including ETFs, if, among other conditions: (1) the Fund, together with its affiliates, acquires no more than three percent of the outstanding voting stock of any acquired fund; and (2) the sales load charged on Shares is no greater than the limits set forth in Rule 2830 of the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).
Initial Public Offering Risk
The Funds may, on a limited basis, participate in IPOs. The market value of IPO shares may fluctuate considerably and is often subject to speculative trading due to factors such as the absence of a prior public market, unseasoned trading, a smaller number of shares available for trading and limited information available about the issuer, its business model, the quality of management, earnings growth potential and other criteria used to evaluate its investment prospects. Such stocks may have exhibited price appreciation in connection with the IPO that is not sustained, and it is not uncommon for stocks to decline in value in the period following the IPO. Additionally, the market for IPO shares can be speculative and/or inactive for extended periods of time. There is no assurance that a Fund will be able to obtain allocable portions of IPO shares. The limited number of shares available for trading in some IPOs may make it more difficult for the Funds to buy or sell significant amounts of shares without an unfavorable impact on prevailing prices. Investors in IPO shares can be affected by substantial dilution in the value of their shares, by sales of additional shares and by concentration of control in existing management and principal shareholders.
Money Market Funds
The Funds may invest in underlying money market funds that either seek to maintain a stable $1 NAV (“stable NAV money market funds”) or that have a share price that fluctuates (“variable NAV market funds”). Although an underlying stable NAV money market fund seeks to maintain a stable $1 NAV, it is possible for the Funds to lose money by investing in such a money market fund. Because the share price of an underlying variable NAV market fund will fluctuate, when a Fund sells the shares it owns, they may be worth more or less than what such Fund originally paid for them. In addition, neither type of money market fund is designed to offer capital appreciation. Certain underlying money market funds may impose a fee upon the sale of shares or may temporarily suspend the ability to sell shares if such fund’s liquidity falls below required minimums.
Other Short-Term Instruments
The Funds may invest in short-term instruments, including money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds; (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, fixed time deposits and other obligations of U.S. and foreign banks (including foreign branches) and similar institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated at the date of purchase “Prime-1” by Moody’s Investors Service or “A-1” by Standard & Poor’s Financial Services or, if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by the Adviser; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; and (vi) short-term U.S. dollar denominated obligations of foreign banks (including U.S. branches) that, in the opinion of the Adviser, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by a Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or a forward-settled basis. Money market instruments also include shares of money market funds. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.
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Derivative Instruments
Generally, derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends on or is derived from, the value of one or more underlying assets, reference rates, or indices or other market factors (a “reference instrument”) and may relate to stocks, bonds, interest rates, credit, currencies, commodities or related indices. Derivative instruments can provide an efficient means to gain or reduce exposure to the value of a reference instrument without actually owning or selling the instrument. Some common types of derivatives include options, futures, forwards and swaps.
Derivative instruments may be used to modify the effective duration of a Fund’s portfolio investments. Derivative instruments may also be used for “hedging,” which means that they may be used when the Adviser seeks to protect a Fund’s investments from a decline in value resulting from changes to interest rates, market prices, currency fluctuations, or other market factors. Derivative instruments may also be used for other purposes, including to seek to increase liquidity, provide efficient portfolio management, broaden investment opportunities (including taking short or negative positions), implement a tax or cash management strategy, gain exposure to a particular security or segment of the market and/or enhance total return. However derivative instruments are used, their successful use is not assured and will depend upon, among other factors, the Adviser’s ability to gauge relevant market movements.
Derivative instruments may be used for the purpose of direct hedging. Direct hedging means that the transaction must be intended to reduce a specific risk exposure of a portfolio security or its denominated currency and must also be directly related to such security or currency. Each Fund’s use of derivative instruments may be limited from time to time by policies adopted by the Board, the Adviser.
SEC Rule 18f-4 (“Rule 18f-4” or the “Derivatives Rule”) regulates the ability of a Fund to enter into derivative transactions and other leveraged transactions. The Derivatives Rule defines the term “derivatives” to include short sales and forward contracts, such as TBA transactions, in addition to instruments traditionally classified as derivatives, such as swaps, futures, and options. Rule 18f-4 also regulates other types of leveraged transactions, such as reverse repurchase transactions and transactions deemed to be “similar to” reverse repurchase transactions, such as certain securities lending transactions in connection with which a Fund obtains leverage. Among other things, under Rule 18f-4, a Fund is prohibited from entering into these derivatives transactions except in reliance on the provisions of the Derivatives Rule. The Derivatives Rule establishes limits on the derivatives transactions that a Fund may enter into based on the value-at-risk (“VaR”) of the Fund inclusive of derivatives. A Fund will generally satisfy the limits under the Rule if the VaR of its portfolio (inclusive of derivatives transactions) does not exceed 200% of the VaR of its “designated reference portfolio.” The “designated reference portfolio” is a representative unleveraged index or a Fund’s own portfolio absent derivatives holdings, as determined by such Fund’s derivatives risk manager. This limits test is referred to as the “Relative VaR Test.” As a result of the Relative VaR Test, a Fund may not seek returns in excess of 2x the designated reference portfolio. If a Fund determines that the Relative VaR Test is not appropriate in light of its strategy, subject to specified conditions, the Fund may instead comply with the “Absolute VaR Test.” A Fund will satisfy the Absolute VaR Test if the VaR of its portfolio does not exceed 20% of the value of the Fund’s net assets.
In addition, among other requirements, Rule 18f-4 requires a Fund to establish a derivatives risk management program, appoint a derivatives risk manager, and carry out enhanced reporting to the Board, the SEC and the public regarding a Fund’s derivatives activities. These new requirements will apply unless a Fund qualifies as a “limited derivatives user,” which the Derivatives Rule defines as a fund that limits its derivatives exposure to 10% of its net assets. It is possible that the limits and compliance costs imposed by the Derivatives Rule may adversely affect a Fund’s performance, efficiency in implementing its strategy, liquidity and/or ability to pursue its investment objectives and may increase the cost of such Fund’s investments and cost of doing business, which could adversely affect investors.
Exclusion of Adviser from Commodity Pool Operator Definition. To the extent each Fund invests in “commodity interests” as defined under the Commodity Exchange Act (the “CEA”) the Adviser intends to claim an exclusion from the definition of “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) and the rules of the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) with respect to each Fund. Therefore, the Adviser is not subject to CFTC registration or regulation as a CPO with respect to the Funds. Commodity interests include commodity futures, commodity options and swaps, which in turn include non-deliverable currency forward contracts.
Options. An option is a contract that gives the purchaser of the option, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy an underlying reference instrument, such as a specified security, currency, index, or other instrument, from the writer of the option (in the case of a call option), or to sell a specified reference instrument to the writer of the option (in the case of a put option) at a designated price during the term of the option. The premium paid by the buyer of an option will reflect, among other things, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price and the volatility of the underlying reference instrument, the remaining term of the option, supply, demand, interest rates and/or currency exchange rates. An American style put or call option may be exercised at any time during the option period while a European style put or call option may be exercised only upon expiration or during a fixed period prior thereto. Put and call options are traded on national securities exchanges and in the OTC market.
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Options traded on national securities exchanges are within the jurisdiction of the SEC or other appropriate national securities regulator, as are securities traded on such exchanges. As a result, many of the protections provided to traders on organized exchanges will be available with respect to such transactions. In particular, all option positions entered into on a national securities exchange in the United States are cleared and guaranteed by the Options Clearing Corporation, thereby reducing the risk of counterparty default. Furthermore, a liquid secondary market in options traded on a national securities exchange may be more readily available than in the OTC market, potentially permitting a Fund to liquidate open positions at a profit prior to exercise or expiration, or to limit losses in the event of adverse market movements. There is no assurance, however, that higher than anticipated trading activity or other unforeseen events might not temporarily render the capabilities of the Options Clearing Corporation inadequate, and thereby result in the exchange instituting special procedures which may interfere with the timely execution of a Fund’s orders to close out open options positions.
Purchasing call and put options. As the buyer of a call option, a Fund has a right to buy the underlying reference instrument (e.g., a currency or security) at the exercise price at any time during the option period (for American style options). The Funds may enter into closing sale transactions with respect to call options, exercise them, or permit them to expire. For example, a Fund may buy call options on underlying reference instruments that it intends to buy with the goal of limiting the risk of a substantial increase in their market price before the purchase is effected. Unless the price of the underlying reference instrument changes sufficiently, a call option purchased by a Fund may expire without any value to the Fund, in which case such Fund would experience a loss to the extent of the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs.
As the buyer of a put option, a Fund has the right to sell the underlying reference instrument at the exercise price at any time during the option period (for American style options). Like a call option, the Funds may enter into closing sale transactions with respect to put options, exercise them or permit them to expire. A Fund may buy a put option on an underlying reference instrument owned by the Fund (a protective put) as a hedging technique in an attempt to protect against an anticipated decline in the market value of the underlying reference instrument. Such hedge protection is provided only during the life of the put option when the Fund, as the buyer of the put option, is able to sell the underlying reference instrument at the put exercise price, regardless of any decline in the underlying instrument’s market price. The Funds may also seek to offset a decline in the value of the underlying reference instrument through appreciation in the value of the put option. A put option may also be purchased with the intent of protecting unrealized appreciation of an instrument when the Adviser deems it desirable to continue to hold the instrument because of tax or other considerations. The premium paid for the put option and any transaction costs would reduce any short-term capital gain that may be available for distribution when the instrument is eventually sold. Buying put options at a time when the buyer does not own the underlying reference instrument allows the buyer to benefit from a decline in the market price of the underlying reference instrument, which generally increases the value of the put option.
If a put option was not terminated in a closing sale transaction when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying reference instrument remains equal to or greater than the exercise price during the life of the put option, the buyer would not make any gain upon exercise of the option and would experience a loss to the extent of the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. In order for the purchase of a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying reference instrument must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs.
Writing call and put options. Writing options may permit the writer to generate additional income in the form of the premium received for writing the option. The writer of an option may have no control over when the underlying reference instruments must be sold (in the case of a call option) or purchased (in the case of a put option) because the writer may be notified of exercise at any time prior to the expiration of the option (for American style options). In general, though, options are infrequently exercised prior to expiration. Whether or not an option expires unexercised, the writer retains the amount of the premium. Writing “covered” call options means that the writer owns the underlying reference instrument that is subject to the call option. Call options may also be written on reference instruments that the writer does not own.
As the writer of a covered call option, a Fund gives up the potential for capital appreciation above the exercise price of the option should the underlying reference instrument rise in value. If the value of the underlying reference instrument rises above the exercise price of the call option, the reference instrument will likely be “called away,” requiring a Fund to sell the underlying instrument at the exercise price. In that case, the Fund will sell the underlying reference instrument to the option buyer for less than its market value, and such Fund will experience a loss (which will be offset by the premium received by the Fund as the writer of such option). If a call option expires unexercised, the Fund will realize a gain in the amount of the premium received. If the market price of the underlying reference instrument decreases, the call option will not be exercised and the Fund will be able to use the amount of the premium received to hedge against the loss in value of the underlying reference instrument. The exercise price of a call option will be chosen based upon the expected price movement of the underlying reference instrument. The exercise price of a call option may be below, equal to (at-the-money), or above the current value of the underlying reference instrument at the time the option is written.
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As the writer of a put option, a Fund has a risk of loss should the underlying reference instrument decline in value. If the value of the underlying reference instrument declines below the exercise price of the put option and the put option is exercised, the Fund, as the writer of the put option, will be required to buy the instrument at the exercise price, which will exceed the market value of the underlying reference instrument at that time. A Fund will incur a loss to the extent that the current market value of the underlying reference instrument is less than the exercise price of the put option. However, the loss will be offset in part by the premium received from the buyer of the put. If a put option written by a Fund expires unexercised, such Fund will realize a gain in the amount of the premium received.
Closing out options (exchange-traded options). If the writer of an option wants to terminate its obligation, the writer may effect a “closing purchase transaction” by buying an option of the same series as the option previously written. The effect of the purchase is that the clearing corporation will cancel the option writer’s position. However, a writer may not effect a closing purchase transaction after being notified of the exercise of an option. Likewise, the buyer of an option may recover all or a portion of the premium that it paid by effecting a “closing sale transaction” by selling an option of the same series as the option previously purchased and receiving a premium on the sale. There is no guarantee that either a closing purchase or a closing sale transaction may be made at a time desired by a Fund. Closing transactions allow a Fund to terminate its positions in written and purchased options. A Fund will realize a profit from a closing transaction if the price of the transaction is less than the premium received from writing the original option (in the case of written options) or is more than the premium paid by the Fund to buy the option (in the case of purchased options). For example, increases in the market price of a call option sold by a Fund will generally reflect increases in the market price of the underlying reference instrument. As a result, any loss resulting from a closing transaction on a written call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part by appreciation of the underlying instrument owned by the Fund.
Over-the-counter options. Like exchange-traded options, OTC options give the holder the right to buy from the writer, in the case of OTC call options, or sell to the writer, in the case of OTC put options, an underlying reference instrument at a stated exercise price. OTC options, however, differ from exchange-traded options in certain material respects.
OTC options are arranged directly with dealers and not with a clearing corporation or exchange. Consequently, there is a risk of non-performance by the dealer, including because of the dealer’s bankruptcy or insolvency. While the Funds use only counterparties, such as dealers, that meet its credit quality standards, in unusual or extreme market conditions, a counterparty’s creditworthiness and ability to perform may deteriorate rapidly, and the availability of suitable replacement counterparties may become limited. Because there is no exchange, pricing is typically done based on information from market makers or other dealers. OTC options are available for a greater variety of underlying reference instruments and in a wider range of expiration dates and exercise prices than exchange-traded options.
There can be no assurance that a continuous liquid secondary market will exist for any particular OTC option at any specific time. The Funds may be able to realize the value of an OTC option it has purchased only by exercising it or entering into a closing sale transaction with the dealer that issued it. When a Fund writes an OTC option, it generally can close out that option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer with which such Fund originally wrote the option. A Fund may suffer a loss if it is not able to exercise (in the case of a purchased option) or enter into a closing sale transaction on a timely basis.
The staff of the SEC has taken the position that purchased OTC options on securities are considered illiquid securities. Pending a change in the staff’s position, the Funds will treat such OTC options on securities as illiquid and subject to such Fund’s limitation on illiquid securities.
Interest rate caps. An interest rate cap is a type of OTC option. The buyer of an interest rate cap pays a premium to the seller in exchange for payments at set intervals for which a floating interest rate exceeds an agreed upon interest rate. The floating interest rate may be tied to a reference rate, a long-term swap rate or other benchmark. The amount of each payment is determined by reference to a specified “notional” amount of money. Interest rate caps do not involve the delivery of securities, other underlying instruments, or principal amounts. Accordingly, barring counterparty risk, the risk of loss to the purchaser of an interest rate cap is limited to the amount of the premium paid.
An interest rate cap can be used to increase or decrease exposure to various interest rates, including to hedge interest rate risk. By purchasing an interest rate cap, the buyer of the cap can benefit from rising interest rates while limiting its downside risk to the amount of the premium paid. If a Fund buys an interest rate cap and the Adviser is correct at predicting the direction of interest rates, the interest rate cap will increase in value. But if the Adviser is incorrect at predicting the direction, the interest rate cap will expire worthless.
By writing (selling) an interest rate cap, the seller of the cap can benefit by receiving a premium in exchange for assuming an obligation to make payments at set intervals for which a floating interest rate exceeds an agreed upon interest rate. If interest rates rise above the agreed upon cap, the seller’s obligation to make payments may result in losses in excess of the premium received.
Correctly predicting the value of an interest rate cap requires an understanding of the referenced interest rate, and a Fund bears the risk that the Adviser will not correctly forecast future market events, such as interest rate movements. Interest rate caps also involve the risks associated with derivative instruments generally, as described herein, including the risks associated with OTC options.
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Risks of options. The Funds’ options investments involve certain risks, including general risks related to derivative instruments. There can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist for any particular option, or at any particular time, and the Funds may have difficulty effecting closing transactions in particular options. Therefore, a Fund would have to exercise the options it purchased in order to realize any profit, thus taking or making delivery of the underlying reference instrument when not desired. A Fund could then incur transaction costs upon the sale of the underlying reference instruments. Similarly, when a Fund cannot affect a closing transaction with respect to a put option it wrote, and the buyer exercises, such Fund would be required to take delivery and would incur transaction costs upon the sale of the underlying reference instruments purchased. If a Fund, as a covered call option writer, is unable to affect a closing purchase transaction in a secondary market, it will not be able to sell the underlying reference instrument until the option expires, it delivers the underlying instrument upon exercise, or it segregates enough liquid assets to purchase the underlying reference instrument at the marked-to-market price during the term of the option. When trading options on non-U.S. exchanges or in the OTC market, many of the protections afforded to exchange participants will not be available. For example, there may be no daily price fluctuation limits, and adverse market movements could therefore continue to an unlimited extent over an indefinite period of time.
The effectiveness of an options strategy for hedging depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying reference instruments correlate with price movements in the relevant portion of the Fund’s portfolio that is being hedged. In addition, a Fund bears the risk that the prices of its portfolio investments will not move in the same amount as the option it has purchased or sold for hedging purposes, or that there may be a negative correlation that would result in a loss on both the investments and the option.
Securities Lending
If approved by the Board, each Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain creditworthy borrowers. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current value of the securities loaned. A Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. A Fund receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the securities that it lends. Distributions received on loaned securities in lieu of dividend payments (i.e., substitute payments) would not be considered qualified dividend income.
With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower will be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. A Fund is compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, the Fund is compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral may be reinvested in certain short-term instruments either directly on behalf of a Fund or through one or more joint accounts or money market funds, which may include those managed by the Adviser.
Each Fund may pay a portion of the interest or fees earned from securities lending to a borrower as described above, and to one or more securities lending agents approved by the Board who administer the lending program for each Fund in accordance with guidelines approved by the Board. In such capacity, the lending agent causes the delivery of loaned securities from a Fund to borrowers, arranges for the return of loaned securities to such Fund at the termination of a loan, requests deposit of collateral, monitors the daily value of the loaned securities and collateral, requests that borrowers add to the collateral when required by the loan agreements, and provides recordkeeping and accounting services necessary for the operation of the program.
Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees a Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. In the event a borrower does not return a Fund’s securities as agreed, such Fund may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities.
Repurchase Agreements
Each Fund may invest in repurchase agreements with commercial banks, brokers or dealers to generate income from its excess cash balances. A repurchase agreement is an agreement under which a Fund acquires a financial instrument (e.g., a security issued by the U.S. government or an agency thereof, a banker’s acceptance or a certificate of deposit) from a seller, subject to resale to the seller at an agreed upon price and date (normally, the next Business Day). A “Business Day” is any day on which the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open for regular trading. A repurchase agreement may be considered a loan collateralized by securities. The resale price reflects an agreed upon interest rate effective for the period the instrument is held by a Fund and is unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying instrument.
In these repurchase agreement transactions, the securities acquired by a Fund (including accrued interest earned thereon) must have a total value in excess of the value of the repurchase agreement and are held by the Fund’s custodian bank until repurchased. No more than an aggregate of 15% of a Fund’s net assets will be invested in illiquid securities, including repurchase agreements having maturities longer than seven days and securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale, or for which there are no readily available market quotations.
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The use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks. For example, if the other party to the agreement defaults on its obligation to repurchase the underlying security at a time when the value of the security has declined, a Fund may incur a loss upon disposition of the security. If the other party to the agreement becomes insolvent and subject to liquidation or reorganization under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code or other laws, a court may determine that the underlying security is collateral for a loan by the Fund not within the control of such Fund and, therefore, the Fund may not be able to substantiate its interest in the underlying security and may be deemed an unsecured creditor of the other party to the agreement.
Dollar Rolls
A dollar roll transaction involves a sale by a Fund of a security concurrently with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase a similar security at a later date at an agreed-upon price. A dollar roll may be considered a borrowing giving rise to leverage. The securities that are repurchased will bear the same interest rate and a similar maturity as those sold, but the assets collateralizing these securities may have different prepayment histories than those sold. During the period between the sale and repurchase, the Fund will not be entitled to receive interest and principal payments on the securities sold. Proceeds of the sale will be invested in additional investments, and the income from these investments will generate income for the Fund. If such income does not exceed the income, capital appreciation and gain or loss that would have been realized on the securities sold as part of the dollar roll, the use of this technique will diminish the investment performance of the Fund compared with what the performance would have been without the use of dollar rolls. Dollar rolls involve the risk that the market value of the securities subject to a Fund’s forward purchase commitment may decline below, or the market value of the securities subject to a Fund’s forward sale commitment may increase above, the exercise price of the forward commitment. In the event the buyer of the securities files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Fund’s use of the proceeds of the current sale portion of the transaction may be restricted. Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act permits a Fund to invest in securities on a forward-settling basis, or with a non-standard settlement cycle, notwithstanding the limitation on the issuance of senior securities in Section 18 of the 1940 Act, provided that the Fund intends to physically settle the transaction and the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date (the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision). A forward-settling or non-standard settlement cycle security that does not satisfy the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision is treated as a derivatives transaction under Rule 18f-4.
U.S. Government Securities
The Funds may invest in U.S. government securities. Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities include U.S. Treasury securities, which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury and which differ only in their interest rates, maturities, and times of issuance. U.S. Treasury bills have initial maturities of one-year or less; U.S. Treasury notes have initial maturities of one to ten years; and U.S. Treasury bonds generally have initial maturities of greater than ten years. Certain U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government including, but not limited to, obligations of U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), the Small Business Administration, the Federal Farm Credit Administration, the Federal Home Loan Banks, Banks for Cooperatives (including the Central Bank for Cooperatives), the Federal Land Banks, the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Federal Financing Bank, the Student Loan Marketing Association, the National Credit Union Administration and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (Farmer Mac).
Some obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities, including, for example, GNMA pass-through certificates, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those securities issued by the FNMA, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the federal agency, while other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, while the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored federal agencies, no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will always do so, since the U.S. government is not so obligated by law. U.S. Treasury notes and bonds typically pay coupon interest semi-annually and repay the principal at maturity.
On September 7, 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced a federal takeover of the FNMA and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), placing the two federal instrumentalities in conservatorship. Under the takeover, the U.S. Treasury agreed to acquire $1 billion of senior preferred stock of each instrumentality and obtained warrants for the purchase of common stock of each instrumentality (the “Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement” or “Agreement”). Under the Agreement, the U.S. Treasury pledged to provide up to $200 billion per instrumentality as needed, including the contribution of cash capital to the instrumentalities in the event their liabilities exceed their assets. This was intended to ensure that the instrumentalities maintain a positive net worth and meet their financial obligations, preventing mandatory triggering of receivership. As a result of this Agreement, the investments of holders, including the Funds, of mortgage-backed securities and other obligations issued by the FNMA and Freddie Mac are currently protected. The Agreement has been amended several times since September 7, 2008, both formally and through letter agreements. The most recent letter agreement dated January 14, 2021, stated the U.S. Treasury’s commitment to begin to establish a timeline and process to terminate the conservatorship. If the conservatorship is terminated, the investments of holders, including the Funds, of mortgage-backed securities and other obligations issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will no longer have the protection of the U.S. Treasury.
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The total public debt of the United States as a percentage of gross domestic product has grown rapidly since the beginning of the 2008–2009 financial downturn. Although high debt levels do not necessarily indicate or cause economic problems, they may create certain systemic risks if sound debt management practices are not implemented. A high national debt can raise concerns that the U.S. government will not be able to make principal or interest payments when they are due. This increase has also necessitated the need for the U.S. Congress to negotiate adjustments to the statutory debt limit to increase the cap on the amount the U.S. government is permitted to borrow to meet its existing obligations and finance current budget deficits. In August 2011, S&P lowered its long-term sovereign credit rating of the U.S. from AAA to AA+ with a downgrade from stable outlook to negative outlook. S&P subsequently raised the negative outlook to stable outlook in June 2013, but retained the lower AA+ rating and it has not been upgraded as of the date of this SAI. In explaining the downgrade at that time, S&P cited, among other reasons, controversy over raising the statutory debt limit and growth in public spending. Any controversy or ongoing uncertainty regarding the statutory debt ceiling negotiations may impact the U.S. long-term sovereign credit rating and may cause market uncertainty. As a result, market prices and yields of securities supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government may be adversely affected.
Tax Risks
As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in Shares will be taxed. The tax information in the Prospectus and this SAI is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares.
Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-deferred retirement account, such as an individual retirement account, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when a Fund makes distributions or you sell Shares.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Trust has adopted the following investment restrictions as fundamental policies with respect to the Funds. These restrictions cannot be changed with respect to a Fund without the approval of the holders of a majority of such Fund’s outstanding voting securities. For the purposes of the 1940 Act, a “majority of outstanding shares” means the vote of the lesser of: (1) 67% or more of the voting securities of the Fund present at the meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy; or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
Except with the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities, each Fund may not:
| 1. | Borrow money or issue senior securities (as defined under the 1940 Act), except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. |
| 2. | Make loans, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. |
| 3. | Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. This shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities or other instruments backed by real estate, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) or securities of companies engaged in the real estate business. |
| 4. | Purchase or sell commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. This shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or selling options and futures contracts or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by physical commodities. |
| 5. | Underwrite securities issued by other persons, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. |
| 6. | Concentrate its investments (i.e., hold more than 25% of its total assets) in any industry or group of related industries except that each Fund will have economic exposure that is to the same industry or group of related industries to which its respective Underlying Security is assigned. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), registered investment companies and tax-exempt securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions, are not considered to be issued by members of any industry. |
In determining its compliance with the fundamental investment restriction on concentration, the Funds will look through to the underlying holdings of any affiliated investment company and will consider its entire investment in any investment company with a policy to concentrate, or having otherwise disclosed that it is concentrated, in a particular industry or group of related industries as being invested in such industry or group of related industries. Additionally, in determining its compliance with the fundamental investment restriction on concentration, the Funds will look through to the user or use of private activity municipal bonds to determine their industry.
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For purposes of applying the limitation set forth in the concentration policy set forth above, a Fund may use the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes, North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Codes, MSCI Global Industry Classification System, FTSE/Dow Jones Industry Classification Benchmark (ICB) system, or any other reasonable industry classification system (including systems developed by the Adviser) to identify each industry. A Fund’s method for applying the limitations in the above concentration policy, including the classification levels used, may differ from those of the Trust’s other series.
If a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment or contract, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or total or net assets will not result in a violation of such restriction, except that the percentage limitations with respect to the borrowing of money and illiquid investments will be observed continuously.
EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING
Shares are listed for trading and trade throughout the day on the Exchange.
There can be no assurance that a Fund will continue to meet the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of Shares. The Exchange may, but is not required to, remove Shares of a Fund from the listing under any of the following circumstances: (1) the Exchange becomes aware that the Fund is no longer eligible to operate in reliance on Rule 6c-11 of the Investment Company Act of 1940; (2) the Fund no longer complies with the Exchange’s requirements for Shares; or (3) such other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable. The Exchange will remove Shares of a Fund from listing and trading upon termination of such Fund.
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the price levels of Shares in the future to help maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Fund.
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
Board Responsibilities. The Board oversees the management and operations of the Trust. Like all mutual funds, the day-to-day management and operation of the Trust is the responsibility of the various service providers to the Trust, such as the Adviser, the Distributor, the Administrator, the Sub-Administrator, the Custodian, and the Transfer Agent, each of whom is discussed in greater detail in this Statement of Additional Information. The Board has appointed various senior employees of the Administrator as officers of the Trust, with responsibility to monitor and report to the Board on the Trust’s operations. In conducting this oversight, the Board receives regular reports from these officers and the service providers. For example, the Treasurer reports as to financial reporting matters and the President reports as to matters relating to the Trust’s operations. In addition, the Adviser provides regular reports on the investment strategy and performance of the Funds. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who administers the Trust’s compliance program and regularly reports to the Board as to compliance matters. These reports are provided as part of formal Board Meetings which are typically held quarterly, in person, and involve the Board’s review of recent operations. In addition, various members of the Board also meet with management in less formal settings, between formal Board Meetings, to discuss various topics. In all cases, however, the role of the Board and of any individual Trustee is one of oversight and not of management of the day-to-day affairs of the Trust and its oversight role does not make the Board a guarantor of the Trust’s investments, operations or activities.
As part of its oversight function, the Board receives and reviews various risk management reports and discusses these matters with appropriate management and other personnel. Because risk management is a broad concept comprised of many elements (e.g., investment risk, issuer and counterparty risk, compliance risk, operational risks, business continuity risks, etc.), the oversight of different types of risks is handled in different ways. For example, the Board meets regularly with the CCO to discuss compliance and operational risks and the Audit Committee meets with the Trust’s independent public accounting firm to discuss, among other things, the internal control structure of the Trust’s financial reporting function.
The full Board also receives reports from the Adviser as to investment risks of the Funds. In addition to these reports, from time to time the full Board receives reports from the Administrator and the Adviser as to enterprise risk management.
The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Funds can be identified and/or quantified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve each Fund’s goals, and that the processes, procedures, and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Board as to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information. Most of each Fund’s investment management and business affairs are carried out by or through the Adviser, and other service providers, each of which has an independent interest in risk management but whose policies and the methods by which one or more risk management functions are carried out may differ from a Fund’s and each other’s in the setting of priorities, the resources available, or the effectiveness of relevant controls. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board’s ability to monitor and manage risk, as a practical matter, is subject to limitations.
Members of the Board. There are five members of the Board, three of whom are not interested persons of the Trust, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (the “Independent Trustees”). Mr. Eric W. Falkeis serves as Chairman of the Board and is an interested person of the Trust.
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The Board is composed of a majority (60 percent) of Independent Trustees. The Board has determined its leadership structure is appropriate given the specific characteristics and circumstances of the Trust. The Board has a Lead Independent Trustee, who acts as the primary liaison between the Independent Trustees and management. Ms. Michelle McDonough currently serves as the Lead Independent Trustee of the Board. The Board also believes that its leadership structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Trustees from Fund management.
Additional information about each Trustee of the Trust is set forth below. The address of each Trustee of the Trust is c/o Tidal Trust II, 234 West Florida Street, Suite 700, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204.
| Name
and Year of Birth |
Position
Held with the Trust |
Term
of Office and Length of Time Served (1) |
Principal
Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Number
of Portfolios in Fund Complex(2) Overseen by Trustee |
Other
Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years |
| Independent Trustees(3) | |||||
| Javier
Marquina Born: 1973 |
Trustee | Indefinite term; since 2022 | Founder and Chief Executive Officer of ARQ Consultants Inc. (since 2019) a firm specializing in cross border real estate investments; Interim CEO for the Americas of Acciona Inmobiliaria (2020 to 2021); Head of Investment Team for Latin America for GLL Real Estate Partners (2016 to 2020). | 386 | Board Vice-Chairman of Inmobiliaria Specturm (Guatemala and UK); Independent Board Member of LATAM Logistics Properties S.A. (Colombia, Peru and Costa Rica); Independent Board Member of Logistic Properties of the Americas. |
| Michelle
McDonough Born: 1980 |
Trustee | Indefinite term; since 2022 | Chief Operating Officer, Trillium Asset Management LLC (2010 to 2024) | 386 | Trillium Asset Management, LLC (2020 to 2024). |
| Dave
Norris Born: 1976 |
Trustee | Indefinite term; since 2022 | Consulting work with Rubin Brown, CPA services (since 2024); Consulting work with RedRidge Diligence Services (2023 to 2024); Chief Operating Officer, RedRidge Diligence Services (2011 to 2023). | 386 | None |
| Interested Trustees | |||||
| Eric
W. Falkeis(4) Born: 1973 |
Principal Executive Officer, Trustee, and Chairman | Principal Executive Officer since 2022, Indefinite term; Trustee, and Chairman, since 2022, Indefinite term | Chief Operating Officer, Tidal Investments LLC (since 2023); Chief Executive Officer, Tidal ETF Services LLC (since 2018). | 547 | Independent Director, Muzinich Direct Lending Income Fund, Inc. (since 2023); Independent Director, Muzinich BDC, Inc. (since 2019); Trustee, Professionally Managed Portfolios (27 series) (since 2011); Trustee and Chairman of Tidal Trust I (since 2018); Trustee and Chairman of Tidal Trust III (since 2025); Trustee and Chairman of Tidal Trust IV (since 2025); Trustee and Chairman of Tidal Trust V (since 2025). |
Domenick Pugliese (5)
Born: 1961 |
Trustee | Indefinite term; since 2026 | Partner, Sullivan & Worcester LLP (a law firm) (2019 to present). | 386 | None. |
| (1) | The Trustees have designated a mandatory retirement age of 78, such that each Trustee, serving as such on the date he or she reaches the age of 78, shall submit his or her resignation not later than the last day of the calendar year in which his or her 78th birthday occurs. |
| (2) | The group of Funds sponsored by Tidal and managed by the Adviser or its affiliates, including Tidal Trust I, Tidal Trust II, Tidal Trust III, Tidal Trust IV and Tidal Trust V. |
| (3) | All Independent Trustees of the Trust are not “interested persons” of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act (the “Independent Trustees”). |
| (4) | Mr. Falkeis is considered an “interested person” of the Trust due to his positions as Principal Executive Officer and Chairman of the Trust, and Chief Executive Officer of Tidal ETF Services LLC, a Tidal Financial Group company and an affiliate of the Adviser. |
| (5) | Mr. Pugliese, is a partner of Sullivan & Worcester LLP, which serves as legal counsel to the Trust. Mr. Pugliese has served as the lead partner representing the Trust and the Trust’s Independent trustees. As the lead partner in the firm that serves as legal counsel to the Trust, Mr. Pugliese is considered an “interested person,” of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. |
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Individual Trustee Qualifications
The Board believes that each of the Trustees has the qualifications, experience, attributes and skills (“Trustee Attributes”) appropriate to their service as Trustees of the Trust in light of the Trust’s business and structure. Each of the Trustees has substantial business and professional backgrounds that indicate they have the ability to critically review, evaluate and access information provided to them. Certain of these business and professional experiences are set forth in detail in the table above. The Board annually conducts a ‘self-assessment’ wherein the effectiveness of the Board and individual Trustees is reviewed.
In addition to the information provided in the table above, below is certain additional information concerning each particular Trustee and certain of their Trustee Attributes. The information provided below, and in the table above, is not all-inclusive. Many Trustee Attributes involve intangible elements, such as intelligence, integrity, work ethic, the ability to work together, the ability to communicate effectively, the ability to exercise judgment, the ability to ask incisive questions, and commitment to shareholder interests. In conducting its annual self-assessment, the Board has determined that the Trustees have the appropriate attributes and experience to serve effectively as Trustees of the Trust.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Marquina should serve as a Trustee because of his substantial business experience related to commercial real estate investment and business development through his current position as CEO and Founder at ARQ Consultants Inc., as well as through former positions. Mr. Marquina’s experience, qualifications, attributes, or skills, on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, led to the Board’s conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
The Board has concluded that Ms. McDonough should serve as a Trustee because of her substantial financial services experience, including experience with operations, compliance, IT, service provider oversight and management. For over a decade, Ms. McDonough served as COO of Trillium Asset Management and in that capacity oversaw all non-investment functions for the firm. Ms. McDonough’s experience, qualifications, attributes, or skills, on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, led to the Board’s conclusion that she possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Norris should serve as a Trustee because of his substantial experience across a multitude of industries and operated businesses. Mr. Norris’ business operation experience consists of capital raising, business development, investor relations, strategic planning, treasury management, deal execution, restructuring, and oversight of back-office functions. Mr. Norris serves as the Trust’s Audit Committee Financial Expert. Mr. Norris’ experience, qualifications, attributes, or skills, on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, led to the Board’s conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
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The Board has concluded that Mr. Falkeis should serve as a Trustee because of his substantial investment company experience and his experience with financial, accounting, investment, and regulatory matters through his former position as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (and other positions) of U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (“Global Fund Services” or the “Transfer Agent”), a full service provider to ETFs, mutual funds, and alternative investment products, from 1997 to 2013, as well as a Trustee and Chairman of Tidal Trust I, from 2018 to present, Trustee and Chairman of Tidal Trust III, from 2025 to present, Trustee and Chairman of Tidal Trust IV, from 2025 to present and Trustee and Chairman of Tidal Trust V, from 2025 to present. In addition, he has experience consulting with investment advisors regarding the legal structure of mutual funds, distribution channel analysis, and actual distribution of those funds. Mr. Falkeis also has substantial managerial, operational, technological, and risk oversight related experience through his former position as Chief Operating Officer of the advisers to the Direxion mutual fund and ETF complex. Mr. Falkeis’ experience, qualifications, attributes, or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees led to the Board’s conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Pugliese should serve as a Trustee because of his substantial and deep experience in the investment company industry, working with registered investment companies and their boards on all aspects of investment company regulation for more than 35 years. From his experience serving as counsel to mutual funds and exchange traded funds and as counsel to fund boards, as well as his specific experience serving as counsel to the Trust and its Independent Trustees, Mr. Pugliese has intimate knowledge of Board operations and responsibilities, the Trust and the Adviser, their products, operations, personnel and resources Mr. Pugliese’s extensive knowledge of the investment management industry, boards’ operations and responsibilities and the operation and oversight of exchange-traded funds led to the Board’s conclusion that he is valuable to the Board in its oversight of the Trust.
Board Committees. The Board has established the following standing committees of the Board:
Audit Committee. The Board has a standing Audit Committee that is composed of each of the Independent Trustees of the Trust and is chaired by an Independent Trustee. Mr. Norris is chair of the Audit Committee and he presides at the Audit Committee meetings, participates in formulating agendas for Audit Committee meetings, and coordinates with management to serve as a liaison between the Independent Trustees and management on matters within the scope of responsibilities of the Audit Committee as set forth in its Board-approved written charter. The chair of the Audit Committee may delegate certain tasks to a vice chair. Ms. McDonough currently serves as vice chair of the Audit Committee. The principal responsibilities of the Audit Committee include overseeing the Trust’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and its internal controls; overseeing the quality, objectivity and integrity of the Trust’s financial statements and the independent audits thereof; monitoring the independent auditor’s qualifications, independence, and performance; acting as a liaison between the Trust’s independent auditors and the full Board; pre-approving all auditing services to be performed for the Trust; reviewing the compensation and overseeing the work of the independent auditor (including resolution of disagreements between management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting) for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or related work; pre-approving all permitted non-audit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed for the Trust; pre-approving all permitted non-audit services to be performed for any investment adviser to the Trust by any of the Trust’s independent auditors if the engagement relates directly to the operations and financial reporting of the Trust; meeting with the Trust’s independent auditors as necessary to (1) review the arrangement for and scope of the annual audits and any special audits, (2) discuss any matters of concern relating to each Fund’s financial statements, (3) consider the independent auditors’ comments with respect to the Trust’s financial policies, procedures and internal accounting controls and Trust management’s responses thereto, and (4) review the form of opinion the independent auditors propose to render to the Board and each Fund’s shareholders; discussing with management and the independent auditor significant financial reporting issues and judgments made in connection with the preparation of each Fund’s financial statements; and reviewing and discussing reports from the independent auditors on (1) all critical accounting policies and practices to be used, (2) all alternative treatments within generally accepted accounting principles for policies and practices related to material items that have been discussed with management, (3) other material written communications between the independent auditor and management, including any management letter, schedule of unadjusted differences, or management representation letter, and (4) all non-audit services provided to any entity in the Trust that were not pre-approved by the Committee; and reviewing disclosures made to the Committee by the Trust’s principal executive officer and principal accounting officer during their certification process for each Fund’s Form N-CSR. As of the date of this SAI, the Audit Committee met one time with respect to the Funds.
The Audit Committee also serves as the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee (“QLCC”) for the Trust for the purpose of compliance with Rules 205.2(k) and 205.3(c) of the Code of Federal Regulations, regarding alternative reporting procedures for attorneys retained or employed by an issuer who appear and practice before the SEC on behalf of the issuer (the “issuer attorneys”). An issuer attorney who becomes aware of evidence of a material violation by the Trust, or by any officer, director, employee, or agent of the Trust, may report evidence of such material violation to the QLCC as an alternative to the reporting requirements of Rule 205.3(b) (which requires reporting to the chief legal officer and potentially escalating further to other entities). As of the date of this SAI, the QLCC has not met with respect to the Trust.
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Nominating and Governance Committee. The Board has a standing Nominating and Governance Committee that is composed of each of the Independent Trustees of the Trust and Mr. Pugliese. The Nominating and Governance Committee operates under a written charter approved by the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee is responsible for seeking and reviewing candidates for consideration as nominees for Trustees as is considered necessary from time to time and meets only as necessary. The Nominating and Governance Committee generally will not consider nominees recommended by shareholders. The Nominating and Governance Committee is also responsible for, among other things, reviewing and making recommendations regarding Independent Trustee compensation and the Trustees’ annual “self-assessment.” Mr. Pugliese is the chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee. The Nominating and Governance Committee meets periodically, as necessary, but at least annually. As of the date of this SAI, the Nominating and Governance Committee has not yet met or taken any action with respect to the Funds.
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Principal Officers of the Trust
The officers of the Trust conduct and supervise its daily business. The address of each officer of the Trust is c/o Tidal Trust II, 234 West Florida St, Suite 700, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, unless otherwise indicated. Additional information about the Trust’s officers is as follows:
| Name
and Year of Birth |
Position(s)
Held with the Trust |
Term
of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal
Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
| Eric
W. Falkeis(1) Born: 1973 |
Principal Executive Officer, Interested Trustee, Chairman | Principal Executive Officer since 2022, Indefinite term; Interested Trustee, Chairman, since 2022, Indefinite term | Chief Operating Officer, Tidal Investments LLC (since 2023); Chief Executive Officer, Tidal ETF Services LLC (since 2018). |
| William
H. Woolverton, Esq. Born: 1951 |
Chief Compliance Officer and AML Compliance Officer | AML Compliance Officer since 2023, Indefinite term; Chief Compliance Officer, Indefinite term; since 2022 | Chief Compliance Officer (since 2023), Compliance Adviser (2022 to 2023), Tidal Investments LLC; Senior Compliance Adviser, ACA Global (2020 to 2023); Director, Hadron Specialty Insurance Company (since 2023) Operating Partner, Altamont Capital Partners (private equity firm) (2021 to present). |
| Ally
L. Mueller Born: 1979 |
President | Indefinite term; since 2025 | SVP of Launches & Client Success Management (since 2025), VP of Launches & Client Success Management (2024 to 2025), Head of ETF Launches and Client Success (2023 to 2024), Head of ETF Launches and Finance Director (2019 to 2023), Tidal ETF Services LLC. |
| Aaron
J. Perkovich Born: 1973 |
Treasurer, Principal Financial Officer, and Principal Accounting Officer | Indefinite term; since 2023 | SVP of Fund Administration (since 2024), Head of Fund Administration (2023 to 2024), Fund Administration Manager (2022 to 2023), Tidal ETF Services LLC; Assistant Director Investments, Mason Street Advisors, LLC (2021 to 2022); Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (2006 to 2021). |
| Lissa
M. Richter Born: 1979 |
Vice President | Indefinite term; since 2025 | VP of Fund Governance and Compliance (since 2024), ETF Regulatory Manager, Tidal ETF Services LLC (2021 to 2024); Senior Paralegal, Rafferty Asset Management, LLC (2013 to 2020). |
| Kelly
J. Lavari Born: 1967 |
Secretary | Indefinite term; since 2025 | VP of Fund Governance and Compliance (since 2024), Fund Governance Specialist (2023 to 2024), Compliance Manager – Global Credit Finance, State Street Bank & Trust (2016 to 2023). |
| Peter
Chappy Born: 1975 |
Assistant Treasurer | Indefinite term; since 2023 | AVP of Fund Administration (since 2024), Fund Administration Manager, Tidal ETF Services LLC (2023 to 2024); Product Owner, Allvue Systems (2022 to 2023); Senior Business Consultant, Refinitiv (2015 to 2022). |
| Melissa
Breitzman Born: 1983 |
Assistant Treasurer | Indefinite term; since 2023 | VP of Database Management (since 2024), Fund Administration Manager, Tidal ETF Services LLC (2023 to 2024); Assistant Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (2005 to 2023). |
| (1) | Mr. Falkeis is considered an interested person of the Trust due to his positions as Principal Executive Officer and Chairman of the Trust, and Chief Executive Officer of Tidal ETF Services LLC, a Tidal Financial Group company and an affiliate of the Adviser. |
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Trustee Ownership of Shares. Each Fund is required to show the dollar amount ranges of each Trustee’s “beneficial ownership” of Shares and each other series of the Trust as of the end of the most recently completed calendar year. Dollar amount ranges disclosed are established by the SEC. “Beneficial ownership” is determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”).
As of the date of this SAI, none of the Funds had commenced operations and, therefore, no Trustee or officer of the Trust owned Shares.
As of December 31, 2025, the following Trustee beneficially owned shares of certain other series of the Trust as follows, and no other Trustee owned shares of any series of the Trust:
| Dollar
Range of Shares Owned in the Funds |
Aggregate
Dollar Range of Shares of Series of the Trust | |
| Javier Marquina | None | over $100,000 |
As of December 31, 2025, neither the Independent Trustees nor members of their immediate family, owned securities beneficially or of record in the Adviser, the Distributor (as defined below), or an affiliate of the Adviser, or Distributor. Accordingly, neither the Independent Trustees nor members of their immediate family, have direct or indirect interest, the value of which exceeds $120,000, in the Adviser, the Distributor or any of their affiliates. In addition, during the two most recently completed calendar years, neither the Independent Trustees nor members of their immediate families have conducted any transactions (or series of transactions) in which the amount involved exceeds $120,000 and to which the Adviser, the Distributor or any affiliate thereof was a party.
Board Compensation. As of January 1, 2026, the Independent Trustees and Mr. Pugliese each receive a quarterly retainer of $35,000 plus $10,000 for each regular meeting attended and $3,000 for each special meeting attended. The Independent Trustees and Mr. Pugliese also receive reimbursement for travel and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with serving as a Trustee. In addition, the Lead Independent Trustee receives an annual retainer of $60,000, the Audit Committee Chair receives an annual retainer of $60,000, the Audit Committee vice chair receives an annual retainer of $30,000 and the Nominating and Governance Committee Chair receives an annual retainer of $20,000. The Trust has no pension or retirement plan.
The following table shows the compensation estimated to be earned by each Trustee for the Funds’ current fiscal year ending August 31, 2026. Independent Trustee fees are an obligation of the Trust and are paid by the Adviser, as are other Trust expenses. The Trust pays the Adviser a unitary fee which the Adviser uses to pay Trust expenses. Trustee compensation shown below does not include reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses in connection with attendance at meetings.
| Name | Estimated
Aggregate Compensation From the Funds |
Estimated
Total Compensation From Fund Complex Paid to Trustees(1) |
| Interested Trustees | ||
| Eric W. Falkeis | $0 | $0 |
| Domenick Pugliese | $0 | $99,000 |
| Independent Trustees | ||
| Javier Marquina | $0 | $89,000 |
| Michelle McDonough | $0 | $134,000 |
| David Norris | $0 | $119,000 |
| (1) | Compensation is based on estimated amounts for the fiscal year ending August 31, 2026. |
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS, CONTROL PERSONS AND MANAGEMENT OWNERSHIP
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding Shares. A control person is a shareholder that owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. Shareholders owning voting securities in excess of 25% may determine the outcome of any matter affecting and voted on by shareholders of the Funds.
As of the date of this SAI, the Funds had not yet commenced operations and no Shares were outstanding.
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CODES OF ETHICS
The Trust, the Adviser and have each adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics are designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust, the Adviser and from engaging in deceptive, manipulative or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by a Fund (which may also be held by persons subject to the codes of ethics). Each code of ethics permits personnel subject to that code of ethics to invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, subject to certain limitations, including limitations related to securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. The Distributor (as defined below) relies on the principal underwriters exception under Rule 17j-1(c)(3), specifically where the Distributor is not affiliated with the Trust, the Adviser and no officer, director, or general partner of the Distributor serves as an officer, director, or general partner of the Trust, the Adviser.
There can be no assurance that the codes of ethics will be effective in preventing such activities. Each code of ethics may be found at the SEC’s website at https://www.sec.gov.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES
The Funds have each delegated proxy voting responsibilities to the Adviser, subject to the Board’s oversight. In delegating proxy responsibilities, the Board has directed that proxies be voted consistent with each Fund’s and its shareholders’ best interests and in compliance with all applicable proxy voting rules and regulations. The Adviser has adopted proxy voting policies and guidelines for this purpose (“Proxy Voting Policies”), which have been adopted by the Trust as the policies and procedures that will be used when voting proxies on behalf of the Funds.
In the absence of a conflict of interest, the Adviser will generally vote “for” routine proposals, such as the election of directors, approval of auditors, and amendments or revisions to corporate documents to eliminate outdated or unnecessary provisions. Unusual or disputed proposals will be reviewed and voted on a case-by-case basis. The Proxy Voting Policies address, among other things, material conflicts of interest that may arise between the interests of each Fund and the interests of the Adviser. The Proxy Voting Policies will ensure that all issues brought to shareholders are analyzed in light of the Adviser’s fiduciary responsibilities.
The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer is responsible for monitoring the effectiveness of the Proxy Voting Policies.
When available, information on how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 will be available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling (833) 333-9383, (2) on the Funds’ website at www.defianceetfs.com, or (3) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
INVESTMENT ADVISER
Tidal Investments LLC, 234 West Florida Street, Suite 700, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, serves as investment adviser to each Fund and has overall responsibility for the general management and administration of each Fund.
Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Adviser provides investment advice to each Fund and oversees the day-to-day operations of each Fund, subject to the direction and oversight of the Board. The Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund’s portfolio, including determining the securities and financial instruments purchased and sold by each Fund, and trading portfolio securities and financial instruments for each Fund, including selecting broker-dealers to execute purchase and sale transactions. Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is also responsible for arranging transfer agency, custody, fund administration and accounting, and other related services necessary for the Funds to operate. The Adviser administers each Fund’s business affairs, provides office facilities and equipment and certain clerical, bookkeeping, and administrative services. Under the Advisory Agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from each Fund, the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by such Fund except for the Excluded Expenses, as defined in the Prospectus. For services provided to the Funds, each Fund pays the Adviser a unitary management fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based of 0.99% on the Fund’s average daily net assets.
The Advisory Agreement with respect to the Funds will continue in force for an initial period of two years. Thereafter, the Advisory Agreement will be renewable from year to year with respect to each Fund, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually (1) by the vote, cast in person (or in another manner permitted by the 1940 Act or pursuant to exemptive relief therefrom) at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of those Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Adviser or the Trust; and (2) by the majority vote of either the full Board or the vote of a majority of the outstanding Shares. The Advisory Agreement automatically terminates on assignment and is terminable on a 60-day written notice either by the Trust or the Adviser.
The Adviser shall not be liable to the Trust or any shareholder for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its agreement with the Trust or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding, or sale of any security.
The Funds are new and have not paid fees to the Adviser as of the date of this SAI.
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PORTFOLIO MANAGER
Each Fund is managed by Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser.
Other Accounts. In addition to the Funds, the portfolio manager managed the following other accounts as of December 31, 2025.
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager of the Adviser
| Type of Accounts | Total
Number of Accounts |
Total
Assets of Accounts (in millions) |
Total
Number of Accounts Subject to a Performance- Based Fee |
Total
Assets of Accounts Subject to a Performance- Based Fee (in millions) |
| Registered Investment Companies | 33 | $1,625 | 0 | $0 |
| Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
| Other Accounts | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
Portfolio Manager Fund Ownership. The Funds are required to show the dollar range of each portfolio manager’s “beneficial ownership” of Shares as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year. The dollar amount ranges disclosed are established by the SEC. “Beneficial ownership” is determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the 1934 Act. As of the date of this SAI, the Funds had not yet commenced operations and no Shares were owned by the portfolio managers.
Portfolio Manager Compensation. The portfolio manager is compensated by the Adviser with a base salary and discretionary bonus based on the financial performance and profitability of the Adviser and not based on the performance of the Funds. To the extent the portfolio manager is an equity owner of the Adviser, the portfolio manager may benefit indirectly from the revenue generated by the Funds’ Advisory Agreement with the Adviser.
Description of Material Conflicts of Interest. The portfolio managers’ management of “other accounts” may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with their management of the Funds’ investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. The other accounts may have similar investment objectives or strategies as the Funds. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result, whereby a portfolio manager could favor one account over another. Another potential conflict could include a portfolio manager’s knowledge about the size, timing, and possible market impact of trades by a Fund, whereby a portfolio manager could use this information to the advantage of other accounts and to the disadvantage of any Fund. For instance, the portfolio managers may receive fees from certain accounts that are higher than the fees received from the Funds, or receive a performance-based fee on certain accounts. In those instances, a portfolio manager has an incentive to favor the higher and/or performance-based fee accounts over the Funds. To mitigate these conflicts, each of the Adviser has established policies and procedures to ensure that the purchase and sale of securities among all accounts the firm manages are fairly and equitably allocated.
THE DISTRIBUTOR
The Trust and Foreside Fund Services, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group (dba ACA Group) (the “Distributor”), are parties to a distribution agreement (“Distribution Agreement”), whereby the Distributor acts as principal underwriter for the Funds and distributes Shares on a best efforts basis. Shares are continuously offered for sale by the Distributor only in Creation Units. The Distributor will not distribute Shares in amounts less than a Creation Unit and does not maintain a secondary market in Shares. The principal business address of the Distributor is 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101.
Under the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor, as agent for the Trust, will review orders for the purchase and redemption of Creation Units, provided that any subscriptions and orders will not be binding on the Trust until accepted by the Trust. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the 1934 Act and a member of FINRA.
The Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers (“Soliciting Dealers”) who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of Shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants (as discussed in “Procedures for Purchase of Creation Units” below) or DTC participants (as defined below).
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The Distribution Agreement will continue for two years from its effective date and is renewable annually thereafter. The continuance of the Distribution Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually (1) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the shareholders of each Fund and (2) by the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operations of the Distribution Agreement or any related agreement, cast in person (or in another manner permitted by the 1940 Act or pursuant to exemptive relief therefrom) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on 60 days’ written notice when authorized either by majority vote of its outstanding voting Shares or by a vote of a majority of its Board (including a majority of the Independent Trustees), or by the Distributor on 60 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment. The Distribution Agreement provides that, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence on the part of the Distributor, or reckless disregard by it of its obligations thereunder, the Distributor shall not be liable for any action or failure to act in accordance with its duties thereunder.
The Funds are new and have not incurred any underwriting commissions and the Distributor has not received any amounts as of the date of this SAI.
Intermediary Compensation. The Adviser, or their affiliates, out of their own resources and not out of Fund assets (i.e., without additional cost to each Fund or its shareholders), may pay certain broker dealers, banks and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) for certain activities related to the Funds, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange traded products, including the Funds, or for other activities, such as marketing and educational training or support. These arrangements are not financed by the Funds and, thus, do not result in increased Fund expenses. They are not reflected in the fees and expenses listed in the fees and expenses sections of the Funds’ Prospectus and they do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of Shares or the amount received by a shareholder as proceeds from the redemption of Shares.
Such compensation may be paid to Intermediaries that provide services to the Funds, including marketing and education support (such as through conferences, webinars and printed communications). The Adviser will periodically assess the advisability of continuing to make these payments. Payments to an Intermediary may be significant to the Intermediary, and amounts that Intermediaries pay to your adviser, broker or other investment professional, if any, may also be significant to such adviser, broker or investment professional. Because an Intermediary may make decisions about what investment options it will make available or recommend, and what services to provide in connection with various products, based on payments it receives or is eligible to receive, such payments create conflicts of interest between the Intermediary and its clients. For example, these financial incentives may cause the Intermediary to recommend a Fund over other investments. The same conflict of interest exists with respect to your financial adviser, broker or investment professional if they receive similar payments from their Intermediary firm.
Intermediary information is current only as of the date of this SAI. Please contact your adviser, broker or other investment professional for more information regarding any payments his or her Intermediary firm may receive. Any payments made by the Adviser or its affiliates to an Intermediary may create the incentive for an Intermediary to encourage customers to buy Shares.
If you have any additional questions, please call (833) 333-9383.
Distribution (Rule 12b-1) Plan. The Trust has adopted a Distribution (Rule 12b-1) Plan (the “Plan”) in accordance with the provisions of Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. No payments pursuant to the Plan are expected to be made during the twelve (12) month period from the date of this SAI. Rule 12b-1 fees to be paid by a Fund under the Plan may only be imposed after approval by the Board.
Continuance of the Plan must be approved annually by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and by a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan (“Independent Trustees”). None of the Independent Trustees have a direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan. The Plan may be continued from year-to-year only if the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, concludes at least annually that continuation of the Plan is likely to benefit shareholders. The Board has determined that the Plan is likely to benefit the Funds by providing an incentive for brokers, dealers, and other financial intermediaries to engage in sales and marketing efforts on behalf of the Funds and to provide enhanced services to shareholders. The Board also determined that the Plan may enhance the Funds’ ability to sell shares and access important distribution channels.
The Plan requires that quarterly written reports of amounts spent under the Plan and the purposes of such expenditures be furnished to and reviewed by the Trustees. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount that may be spent thereunder without approval by a majority of the outstanding Shares. All material amendments of the Plan will require approval by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and of the Independent Trustees.
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The Plan provides that each Fund pays the Distributor an annual fee of up to a maximum of 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Shares. Under the Plan, the Distributor may make payments pursuant to written agreements to financial institutions and intermediaries such as banks, savings and loan associations, and insurance companies including, without limit, investment counselors, broker-dealers, and the Distributor’s affiliates and subsidiaries (collectively, “Agents”) as compensation for services and reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with distribution assistance. The Plan is characterized as a compensation plan since the distribution fee will be paid to the Distributor without regard to the distribution expenses incurred by the Distributor or the amount of payments made to other financial institutions and intermediaries. The Trust intends to operate the Plan in accordance with its terms and with FINRA rules concerning sales charges.
Under the Plan, subject to the limitations of applicable law and regulations, each Fund is authorized to compensate the Distributor up to the maximum amount to finance any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of Creation Units of the Fund or for providing, or arranging for others to provide, shareholder services and for the maintenance of shareholder accounts. Such activities may include, but are not limited to: (1) delivering copies of the Fund’s then current reports, prospectuses, notices, and similar materials, to prospective purchasers of Creation Units; (2) marketing and promotional services, including advertising; (3) paying the costs of and compensating others, including Authorized Participants with whom the Distributor has entered into written Authorized Participant Agreements, for performing shareholder servicing on behalf of the Fund; (4) compensating certain Authorized Participants for providing assistance in distributing the Creation Units of the Fund, including the travel and communication expenses and salaries and/or commissions of sales personnel in connection with the distribution of the Creation Units of the Fund; (5) payments to financial institutions and intermediaries such as banks, savings and loan associations, insurance companies, and investment counselors, broker-dealers, mutual fund supermarkets, and the affiliates and subsidiaries of the Trust’s service providers as compensation for services or reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with distribution assistance; (6) facilitating communications with beneficial owners of Shares, including the cost of providing, or paying others to provide, services to beneficial owners of Shares, including, but not limited to, assistance in answering inquiries related to Shareholder accounts; and (7) such other services and obligations as are set forth in the Distribution Agreement.
ADMINISTRATOR
Tidal ETF Services LLC (the “Administrator”), a Tidal Financial Group company and an affiliate of the Adviser, serves as the Funds’ administrator. The Administrator is located at 234 West Florida Street, Suite 700, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204. Pursuant to a Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Trust and the Administrator, the Administrator provides the Trust with, or arranges for, administrative, compliance, and management services (other than investment advisory services) to be provided to the Trust and the Board. Pursuant to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement, officers or employees of the Administrator serve as the Trust’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and chief compliance officer, the Administrator coordinates the payment of Fund-related expenses, and the Administrator manages the Trust’s relationships with its various service providers. As compensation for the services it provides, the Administrator receives a fee based on the Funds’ average daily net assets, subject to a minimum annual fee. The Administrator also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses for the services mentioned above.
The Funds are new, and the Administrator has not received any fees for administrative services to the Funds as of the date of this SAI.
SUB-ADMINISTRATOR AND TRANSFER AGENT
Global Fund Services, located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, serves as the Funds’ sub-administrator and transfer agent.
Pursuant to a Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement and a Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Trust and Global Fund Services, Global Fund Services provides the Trust with administrative and management services (other than investment advisory services) and accounting services, including portfolio accounting services, tax accounting services and furnishing financial reports. In this capacity, Global Fund Services does not have any responsibility or authority for the management of the Funds, the determination of investment policy, or for any matter pertaining to the distribution of Shares. As compensation for the administration, accounting and management services, the Adviser pays Global Fund Services a fee based on each Fund’s average daily net assets, subject to a minimum annual fee. Global Fund Services also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses for the services mentioned above, including pricing expenses.
The Funds are new, and Global Fund Services has not received any fees for sub-administration services to the Funds as of the date of this SAI.
CUSTODIAN
Pursuant to a Custody Agreement, U.S. Bank National Association (“U.S. Bank”), 1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212, serves as the custodian (the “Custodian”) of each Fund’s assets. U.S. Bank is the parent company of Global Fund Services. The Custodian holds and administers the assets in the Funds’ portfolios. Pursuant to the Custody Agreement, the Custodian receives an annual fee from the Adviser based on the Trust’s total average daily net assets, subject to a minimum annual fee, and certain settlement charges. The Custodian also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses.
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LEGAL COUNSEL
Sullivan & Worcester LLP, 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 19th Floor, New York, NY 10020, serves as legal counsel for the Trust and the Independent Trustees.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Cohen & Company, Ltd., 1835 Market Street, Suite 310, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, serves as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Funds. Its services include auditing the Funds’ financial statements. Cohen & Co Advisory, LLC, an affiliate of Cohen & Company, Ltd., provides tax services as requested.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS DISCLOSURE POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of information about each Fund’s security holdings. Each Fund’s entire portfolio holdings are publicly disseminated each day the Funds are open for business and through financial reporting and news services including publicly available internet web sites. In addition, the composition of the Deposit Securities is publicly disseminated daily prior to the opening of the Exchange via the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”).
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
The Third Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (“Declaration of Trust”) authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of funds and shares. Each share represents an equal proportionate interest in such Fund with each other share. Shares are entitled upon liquidation to a pro rata share in the net assets of such Fund. Shareholders have no preemptive rights. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees may create additional series or classes of shares. All consideration received by the Trust for shares of any additional funds and all assets in which such consideration is invested would belong to that fund and would be subject to the liabilities related thereto. Share certificates representing Shares will not be issued. Shares, when issued, are fully paid and non-assessable.
Each Share has one vote with respect to matters upon which a shareholder vote is required, consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder. Shares of all funds in the Trust vote together as a single class, except that if the matter being voted on affects only a particular fund it will be voted on only by that fund and if a matter affects a particular fund differently from other funds, that fund will vote separately on such matter. As a Delaware statutory trust, the Trust is not required, and does not intend, to hold annual meetings of shareholders. Approval of shareholders will be sought, however, for certain changes in the operation of the Trust and for the election of Trustees under certain circumstances. The Trust will call for a meeting of shareholders to consider the removal of one or more Trustees and other certain matters upon the written request of shareholders holding at least a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust entitled to vote at such meeting. In the event that such a meeting is requested, the Trust will provide appropriate assistance and information to the shareholders requesting the meeting.
Under the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have the power to liquidate each Fund without shareholder approval. While the Trustees have no present intention of exercising this power, they may do so if a Fund fails to reach a viable size within a reasonable amount of time or for such other reasons as may be determined by the Board.
LIMITATION OF TRUSTEES’ LIABILITY
The Declaration of Trust provides that a Trustee shall be liable only for his or her own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust shall indemnify each person who is, or has been, a Trustee or officer of the Trust, and upon the due approval of the Trustees, each person who is, or has been an employee or agent of the Trust, and, upon due approval of the Trustees, any person who is serving or has served at the Trust’s request as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, agent, or fiduciary of another organization with respect to any alleged acts or omissions while acting within the scope of a Trustee’s service in such a position. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust shall protect or indemnify a Trustee against any liability for a Trustee’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee. Nothing contained in this section attempts to disclaim a Trustee’s individual liability in any manner inconsistent with the federal securities laws.
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BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
The policy of the Trust regarding purchases and sales of securities for a Fund is that primary consideration will be given to obtaining the most favorable prices and efficient executions of transactions. Consistent with this policy, when securities transactions are effected on a stock exchange, the Trust’s policy is to pay commissions which are considered fair and reasonable without necessarily determining that the lowest possible commissions are paid in all circumstances. The Trust believes that a requirement always to seek the lowest possible commission cost could impede effective portfolio management and preclude a Fund and the Adviser from obtaining a high quality of brokerage and research services. In seeking to determine the reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid in any transaction, the Adviser will rely upon its experience and knowledge regarding commissions generally charged by various brokers and on its judgment in evaluating the brokerage services received from the broker effecting the transaction. Such determinations are necessarily subjective and imprecise, as in most cases, an exact dollar value for those services is not ascertainable. The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that prohibit the consideration of sales of Shares as a factor in the selection of a broker or dealer to execute its portfolio transactions.
The Adviser owes a fiduciary duty to its clients to seek to provide best execution on trades effected. In selecting a broker/dealer for each specific transaction, the Adviser chooses the broker/dealer deemed most capable of providing the services necessary to obtain the most favorable execution. “Best execution” is generally understood to mean the most favorable cost or net proceeds reasonably obtainable under the circumstances. The full range of brokerage services applicable to a particular transaction may be considered when making this judgment, which may include, but is not limited to liquidity, price, commission, timing, aggregated trades, capable floor brokers or traders, competent block trading coverage, ability to position, capital strength and stability, reliable and accurate communications and settlement processing, use of automation, knowledge of other buyers or sellers, arbitrage skills, administrative ability, underwriting, and provision of information on a particular security or market in which the transaction is to occur. The specific criteria will vary depending upon the nature of the transaction, the market in which it is executed, and the extent to which it is possible to select from among multiple broker/dealers. The Adviser will also use electronic crossing networks (“ECNs”) when appropriate.
Subject to the foregoing policies, brokers or dealers selected to execute a Fund’s portfolio transactions may include such Fund’s Authorized Participants (as discussed in “Purchase and Redemption of Shares in Creation Units — Procedures for Purchase of Creation Units” below) or their affiliates. An Authorized Participant or its affiliates may be selected to execute a Fund’s portfolio transactions in conjunction with an all-cash Creation Unit order or an order including “cash-in-lieu” (as described below under “Purchase and Redemption of Shares in Creation Units”), so long as such selection is in keeping with the foregoing policies. As described below under “Purchase and Redemption of Shares in Creation Units — Creation Transaction Fee” and “ — Redemption Transaction Fee”, a Fund may determine to not charge a variable fee on certain orders when the Adviser has determined that doing so is in the best interests of a Fund’s shareholders, even if the decision to not charge a variable fee could be viewed as benefiting the Authorized Participant or its affiliate selected to execute such Fund’s portfolio transactions in connection with such orders.
The Adviser may use a Fund’s assets for, or participate in, third-party soft dollar arrangements, in addition to receiving proprietary research from various full-service brokers, the cost of which is bundled with the cost of the broker’s execution services. The Adviser or does not “pay up” for the value of any such proprietary research. Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act permits the Adviser under certain circumstances, to cause a Fund to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by the broker or dealer. The Adviser may receive a variety of research services and information on many topics, which it can use in connection with its management responsibilities with respect to the various accounts over which it exercises investment discretion or otherwise provides investment advice. The research services may include qualifying order management systems, portfolio attribution and monitoring services, and computer software and access charges which are directly related to investment research.
Accordingly, a Fund may pay a broker commission higher than the lowest available in recognition of the broker’s provision of such services to the Adviser but only if the Adviser determines the total commission (including the soft dollar benefit) is comparable to the best commission rate that could be expected to be received from other brokers. The amount of soft dollar benefits received depends on the amount of brokerage transactions effected with the brokers. A conflict of interest exists because there is an incentive to (1) cause clients to pay a higher commission than the firm might otherwise be able to negotiate, (2) cause clients to engage in more securities transactions than would otherwise be optimal, and (3) only recommend brokers that provide soft dollar benefits.
The Adviser faces a potential conflict of interest when it uses client trades to obtain brokerage or research services. This conflict exists because the Adviser can use the brokerage or research services to manage client accounts without paying cash for such services, which reduces the Adviser’s expenses to the extent that the Adviser would have purchased such products had they not been provided by brokers. Section 28(e) permits the Adviser to use brokerage or research services for the benefit of any account it manages. Certain accounts managed by the Adviser may generate soft dollars used to purchase brokerage or research services that ultimately benefit other accounts managed by the Adviser effectively cross subsidizing the other accounts managed by the Adviser that benefit directly from the product. The Adviser may not necessarily use all of the brokerage or research services in connection with managing a Fund whose trades generated the soft dollars used to purchase such products.
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The Adviser is responsible, subject to oversight by the Board, for placing orders on behalf of each Fund for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of a Fund and one or more other investment companies or clients supervised by the Adviser are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the several investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to all by the Adviser. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as the Funds are concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower brokerage commissions will be beneficial to the Funds. The primary consideration is prompt execution of orders at the most favorable net price.
The Funds may deal with affiliates in principal transactions to the extent permitted by exemptive order or applicable rule or regulation.
The Funds are new and have not paid any brokerage commissions as of the date of this SAI.
Brokerage with Fund Affiliates. The Funds may execute brokerage or other agency transactions through registered broker-dealer affiliates of the Funds or the Adviser for a commission in conformity with the 1940 Act, the 1934 Act and rules promulgated by the SEC. These rules require that commissions paid to the affiliate by the Funds for exchange transactions not exceed “usual and customary” brokerage commissions. The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts which are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” The Trustees, including those who are not “interested persons” of the Funds, have adopted procedures for evaluating the reasonableness of commissions paid to affiliates and review these procedures periodically.
The Funds are new and have not paid brokerage commissions to any registered broker-dealer affiliates of the Funds or the Adviser as of the date of this SAI.
Directed Brokerage. The Funds are new and have not paid any commissions on brokerage transactions directed to brokers pursuant to an agreement or understanding whereby the broker provides research or other brokerage services to the Adviser.
Securities of “Regular Broker-Dealers.” The Funds are required to identify any securities of its “regular brokers and dealers” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) that it may hold at the close of its most recent fiscal year. “Regular brokers or dealers” of the Funds are the ten brokers or dealers that, during the most recent fiscal year: (i) received the greatest dollar amounts of brokerage commissions from the Fund’s portfolio transactions; (ii) engaged as principal in the largest dollar amounts of portfolio transactions of the Fund; or (iii) sold the largest dollar amounts of Shares.
The Funds are new and did not own equity securities of its regular broker-dealers or their parent companies as of the date of this SAI.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE
A portfolio turnover rate is, in summary, the percentage computed by dividing the lesser of a Fund’s purchases or sales of securities (excluding short-term securities and securities transferred in-kind) by the average market value of such Fund. A rate of 100% indicates that the equivalent of all of the Fund’s assets have been sold and reinvested in a year. High portfolio turnover may affect the amount, timing and character of distributions, and, as a result, may increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders. Higher portfolio turnover also results in higher transaction costs. To the extent that net short-term capital gains are realized by a Fund, any distributions resulting from such gains are considered ordinary income for federal income tax purposes.
The Funds are new and do not have portfolio turnover rates to report as of the date of this SAI.
BOOK ENTRY ONLY SYSTEM
The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) acts as securities depositary for Shares. Shares are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC. Except in limited circumstances set forth below, certificates will not be issued for Shares.
DTC is a limited-purpose trust company that was created to hold securities of its participants (the “DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the NYSE and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers, and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (the “Indirect Participants”).
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Beneficial ownership of Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants, and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to in this SAI as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of Shares. The Trust recognizes DTC or its nominee as the record owner of all Shares for all purposes. Beneficial Owners of Shares are not entitled to have Shares registered in their names, and will not receive or be entitled to physical delivery of Share certificates. Each Beneficial Owner must rely on the procedures of DTC and any DTC Participant and/or Indirect Participant through which such Beneficial Owner holds its interests, to exercise any rights of a holder of Shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements, and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. DTC will make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee a listing of Shares held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall obtain from each such DTC Participant the number of Beneficial Owners holding Shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement, or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all Shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the Funds as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of Shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in Shares, or for maintaining, supervising, or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants.
DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to a Fund at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Fund and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Fund shall act either to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if such replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of Shares, unless the Trust makes other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the Exchange.
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES IN CREATION UNITS
The Trust issues and redeems Shares only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Transfer Agent, without a sales load (but subject to transaction fees, if applicable), at their NAV per share next determined after receipt of an order, on any Business Day, in proper form pursuant to the terms of the Authorized Participant Agreement (“Participant Agreement”). The NAV of Shares is calculated each Business Day as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the NYSE, generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time. The Funds will not issue fractional Creation Units. A “Business Day” is any day on which the NYSE is open for regular trading.
Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit of a Fund generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) per each Creation Unit and the Cash Component (defined below), computed as described below. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. When accepting purchases of Creation Units for all or a portion of Deposit Cash, a Fund may incur additional costs associated with the acquisition of Deposit Securities that would otherwise be provided by an in-kind purchaser.
Together, the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of a Fund. The “Cash Component” is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of Shares (per Creation Unit) and the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. If the Cash Component is a positive number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such positive amount. If the Cash Component is a negative number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such negative amount and the creator will be entitled to receive cash in an amount equal to the Cash Component. The Cash Component serves the function of compensating for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. Computation of the Cash Component excludes any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities, if applicable, which shall be the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant (as defined below).
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Each Fund, through NSCC, make available on each Business Day, prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time), the list of the names and the required number of Shares of each Deposit Security or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day) for the Fund. Such Fund Deposit is subject to any applicable adjustments as described below, to effect purchases of Creation Units of the applicable Fund until such time as the next-announced composition of the Deposit Securities or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, is made available.
The identity and number of Shares of the Deposit Securities or the amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, required for the Fund Deposit for a Fund may change from time to time.
Cash Purchase. The Trust may at its discretion permit full or partial cash purchases of Creation Units of a Fund. When full or partial cash purchases of Creation Units are available or specified for a Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases thereof. In the case of a full or partial cash purchase, the Authorized Participant must pay the cash equivalent of the Deposit Securities it would otherwise be required to provide through an in-kind purchase, plus the same Cash Component required to be paid by an in-kind purchaser together with a creation transaction fee and non-standard charges, as may be applicable.
Procedures for Purchase of Creation Units. To be eligible to place orders with the Transfer Agent to purchase a Creation Unit of a Fund, an entity must be (i) a “Participating Party” (i.e., a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (the “Clearing Process”)), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC; or (ii) a DTC Participant (see “Book Entry Only System”). In addition, each Participating Party or DTC Participant (each, an “Authorized Participant”) must execute a Participant Agreement with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Each Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of a Participant Agreement, on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that it will pay to the Trust, an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component together with the creation transaction fee (described below), if applicable, and any other applicable fees and taxes.
All orders to purchase Shares directly from a Fund must be placed for one or more Creation Units and in the manner and by the time set forth in the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form. The order cut-off time for orders to purchase Creation Units is expected to be 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the Funds, which time may be modified by a Fund from time-to-time by amendment to the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form. The date on which an order to purchase Creation Units (or an order to redeem Creation Units, as set forth below) is received and accepted is referred to as the “Order Placement Date.”
An Authorized Participant may require an investor to make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order (e.g., to provide for payments of cash, when required). Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement and that, therefore, orders to purchase Shares directly from a Fund in Creation Units must be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. In such cases there may be additional charges to such investor. At any given time, there may be only a limited number of broker-dealers that have executed a Participant Agreement and only a small number of such Authorized Participants may have international capabilities.
On days when the Exchange closes earlier than normal, each Fund may require orders to create Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. In addition, if a market or markets on which a Fund’s investments are primarily traded is closed, the Fund will also generally not accept orders on such day(s). Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Transfer Agent pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement and in accordance with the applicable order form. On behalf of a Fund, the Transfer Agent will notify the Custodian of such order. The Custodian will then provide such information to the appropriate local sub-custodian(s). Those placing orders through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Transfer Agent by the cut-off time on such Business Day. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure may impede the ability to reach the Transfer Agent or an Authorized Participant.
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Fund Deposits must be delivered by an Authorized Participant through the Federal Reserve System (for cash) or through DTC (for corporate securities), through a subcustody agent (for foreign securities) and/or through such other arrangements allowed by the Trust or its agents. With respect to foreign Deposit Securities, the Custodian shall cause the subcustodian of a Fund to maintain an account into which the Authorized Participant shall deliver, on behalf of itself or the party on whose behalf it is acting, such Deposit Securities (or Deposit Cash for all or a part of such securities, as permitted or required), with any appropriate adjustments as advised by the Trust. Foreign Deposit Securities must be delivered to an account maintained at the applicable local subcustodian. A Fund Deposit transfer must be ordered by the Authorized Participant in a timely fashion to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, to the account of the applicable Fund or its agents by no later than 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the Fund (or such other time as specified by the Trust) on the contractual settlement date. If the applicable Fund or its agents do not receive all of the Deposit Securities, or the required Deposit Cash in lieu thereof, by such time, then the order may be deemed rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. All questions as to the number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash to be delivered, as applicable, and the validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) for the deposit of any tendered securities or cash, as applicable, will be determined by the Trust, whose determination shall be final and binding. The amount of cash represented by the Cash Component must be transferred directly to the Custodian through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system in a timely manner to be received by the Custodian no later than the contractual settlement date. If the Cash Component and the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, are not received by the Custodian in a timely manner by the contractual settlement date, the creation order may be cancelled. Upon written notice to the Transfer Agent, such canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using a Fund Deposit as newly constituted to reflect the then current NAV of such Fund.
The order shall be deemed to be received on the Business Day on which the order is placed provided that the order is placed in proper form prior to the applicable cut-off time and the federal funds in the appropriate amount are deposited by 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the applicable Fund, with the Custodian on the contractual settlement date. If the order is not placed in proper form as required, or federal funds in the appropriate amount are not received by 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the applicable Fund on the contractual settlement date, then the order may be deemed to be rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the applicable Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. A creation request is in “proper form” if all procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement, order form and this SAI are properly followed.
Issuance of a Creation Unit. Except as provided in this SAI, Creation Units will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the Trust of the Deposit Securities or payment of Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the required Deposit Securities (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the Custodian (or sub-custodian, as applicable), the Transfer Agent and the Adviser shall be notified of such delivery, and the Trust will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Units. The typical settlement date for each transaction will be within one day of the transaction (commonly referred to as “T+1”), unless the Fund and Authorized Participant agree to a different timeline for settlement or the transaction is exempt from the requirements of Rule 15c6-1 under the 1934 Act. Due to the schedule of holidays in certain countries, however, the delivery of Shares may take longer than one Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is received. In such cases, the local market settlement procedures will not commence until the end of local holiday periods. The Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Funds for losses, if any, resulting from unsettled orders.
Creation Units may be purchased in advance of receipt by the Trust of all or a portion of the applicable Deposit Securities as described below. In these circumstances, the initial deposit will have a value greater than the NAV of the Shares on the date the order is placed in proper form since, in addition to available Deposit Securities, cash must be deposited in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the Cash Component, plus (ii) an additional amount of cash equal to a percentage of the value as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the undelivered Deposit Securities (the “Additional Cash Deposit”), which shall be maintained in a separate non-interest bearing collateral account. The Authorized Participant must deposit with the Custodian the Additional Cash Deposit, as applicable, by 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the applicable Fund (or such other time as specified by the Trust) on the contractual settlement date. If the applicable Fund or its agents do not receive the Additional Cash Deposit in the appropriate amount, by such time, then the order may be deemed rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the applicable Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. An additional amount of cash shall be required to be deposited with the Trust, pending delivery of the missing Deposit Securities to the extent necessary to maintain the Additional Cash Deposit with the Trust in an amount at least equal to the applicable percentage, as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the daily market value of the missing Deposit Securities. The Participant Agreement will permit the Trust to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time. Authorized Participants will be liable to the Trust for the costs incurred by the Trust in connection with any such purchases. These costs will be deemed to include the amount by which the actual purchase price of the Deposit Securities exceeds the value of such Deposit Securities on the day the purchase order was deemed received by the Transfer Agent plus the brokerage and related transaction costs associated with such purchases. The Trust will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the missing Deposit Securities have been properly received by the Custodian or purchased by the Trust and deposited into the Trust. In addition, a transaction fee, as described below under “Creation Transaction Fee,” may be charged. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the contractual settlement date.
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Acceptance of Orders of Creation Units. The Trust reserves the right to reject an order for Creation Units transmitted to it by the Transfer Agent with respect to a Fund including, without limitation, if (a) the order is not in proper form; (b) the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, delivered by the Authorized Participant are not as disseminated through the facilities of the NSCC for that date by the Custodian; (c) the investor(s), upon obtaining Shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding Shares of the Fund; (d) the acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (e) the acceptance or receipt of the order for a Creation Unit would, in the opinion of counsel to the Trust, be unlawful; or (f) in the event that circumstances outside the control of the Trust, the Custodian, the Transfer Agent and/or the Adviser make it for all practical purposes not feasible to process orders for Creation Units.
Examples of such circumstances include acts of God; public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Trust, the Distributor, the Custodian, a sub-custodian, the Transfer Agent, DTC, NSCC, Federal Reserve System, or any other participant in the creation process, and other extraordinary events. The Transfer Agent shall notify a prospective creator of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of the creator of a Creation Unit of its rejection of the order of such person. The Trust, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian, any sub-custodian and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall either of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification. The Trust, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian and the Distributor shall not be liable for the rejection of any purchase order for Creation Units.
All questions as to the number of Shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Trust, and the Trust’s determination shall be final and binding.
Notwithstanding the Trust’s ability to reject an order for creation units, the Trust will only do so in a manner consistent with any current or future SEC rulemaking or guidance relating thereto; provided that, no such suspension of the issuance of creation units will be done in a manner that impairs the arbitrage mechanism for investors.
Creation Transaction Fee. A fixed purchase (i.e., creation) transaction fee, payable to the Custodian, may be imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the purchase of Creation Units (“Creation Order Costs”). The standard fixed creation transaction fee for each Fund, regardless of the number of Creation Units created in the transaction, can be found in the table below. Each Fund may adjust the standard fixed creation transaction fee from time to time. The fixed creation fee may be waived on certain orders if the Custodian has determined to waive some or all of the Creation Order Costs associated with the order or another party, such as the Adviser, has agreed to pay such fee.
In addition, a variable fee, payable to the Funds, of up to the maximum percentage listed in the table below of the value of the Creation Units subject to the transaction may be imposed for cash purchases, non-standard orders, or partial cash purchases of Creation Units. The variable charge is primarily designed to cover additional costs (e.g., brokerage, taxes) involved with buying the securities with cash. Each Fund may determine to not charge a variable fee on certain orders when the Adviser has determined that doing so is in the best interests of Fund shareholders.
| Fixed Creation Transaction Fee | Maximum Variable Transaction Fee |
| $300 | 2.00% |
Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring the Fund Securities (defined below) from the Trust to their account or on their order.
Risks of Purchasing Creation Units. There are certain legal risks unique to investors purchasing Creation Units directly from a Fund. Because Shares may be issued on an ongoing basis, a “distribution” of Shares could be occurring at any time. Certain activities that a shareholder performs as a dealer could, depending on the circumstances, result in the shareholder being deemed a participant in the distribution in a manner that could render the shareholder a statutory underwriter and subject to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act. For example, a shareholder could be deemed a statutory underwriter if it purchases Creation Units from a Fund, breaks them down into the constituent Shares, and sells those Shares directly to customers, or if a shareholder chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary-market demand for Shares. Whether a person is an underwriter depends upon all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to that person’s activities, and the examples mentioned here should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could cause you to be deemed an underwriter.
Dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as opposed to engaging in ordinary secondary-market transactions), and thus dealing with Shares as part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(C) of the Securities Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act.
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Redemption. Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Funds through the Transfer Agent and only on a Business Day. EXCEPT UPON LIQUIDATION OF A FUND, THE FUND WILL NOT REDEEM SHARES IN AMOUNTS LESS THAN CREATION UNITS. Investors must accumulate enough Shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit to have such Shares redeemed by the Trust. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of Shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit.
With respect to each Fund, the Custodian, through the NSCC, makes available prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time) on each Business Day, the list of the names and Share quantities of each Fund’s portfolio securities that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”). Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities.
Redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit are paid either in-kind or in cash, or combination thereof, as determined by the Trust. With respect to in-kind redemptions of the Funds, redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit will consist of Fund Securities—as announced by the Custodian on the Business Day of the request for redemption received in proper form plus cash in an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of Shares being redeemed, as next determined after a receipt of a request in proper form, and the value of the Fund Securities (the “Cash Redemption Amount”), less a fixed redemption transaction fee, as applicable, as set forth below. If the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of Shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the differential is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at the Trust’s discretion, an Authorized Participant may receive the corresponding cash value of the securities in lieu of the in-kind securities value representing one or more Fund Securities.
The typical settlement date for each redemption transaction will be within one day of the transaction (or T+1), unless the Fund and Authorized Participant agree to a different timeline for settlement or the transaction is exempt from the requirements of Rule 15c6-1 under the 1934 Act. Due to the schedule of holidays in certain countries, however, the receipt of redemption proceeds may take longer than one Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is received. In such cases, the local market settlement procedures will not commence until the end of local holiday periods.
Redemption Transaction Fee. A fixed redemption transaction fee, payable to the Custodian, may be imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the redemption of Creation Units (“Redemption Order Costs”). The standard fixed redemption transaction fee for a Fund, regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed in the transaction, can be found in the table below. Each Fund may adjust the redemption transaction fee from time to time. The fixed redemption fee may be waived on certain orders if the Custodian has determined to waive some or all of the Redemption Order Costs associated with the order or another party, such as the Adviser, has agreed to pay such fee.
In addition, a variable fee, payable to each Fund, of up to the maximum percentage listed in the table below of the value of the Creation Units subject to the transaction may be imposed for cash redemptions, non-standard orders, or partial cash redemptions (when cash redemptions are available) of Creation Units. The variable charge is primarily designed to cover additional costs (e.g., brokerage, taxes) involved with selling portfolio securities to satisfy a cash redemption. Each Fund may determine to not charge a variable fee on certain orders when the Adviser has determined that doing so is in the best interests of Fund shareholders.
| Fixed Redemption Transaction Fee | Maximum Variable Transaction Fee |
| $300 | 2.00% |
Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring the Fund Securities from the Trust to their account or on their order.
Procedures for Redemption of Creation Units. Orders to redeem Creation Units must be submitted in proper form to the Transfer Agent prior to 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time. A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Trust’s Transfer Agent the Creation Unit(s) being redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the time as set forth in the Participant Agreement and (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the Trust is received by the Transfer Agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified in the Participant Agreement. If the Transfer Agent does not receive the investor’s Shares through DTC’s facilities by the times and pursuant to the other terms and conditions set forth in the Participant Agreement, the redemption request shall be rejected.
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The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption, in the form required by the Trust, to the Transfer Agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement, and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed an Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the Shares to the Trust’s Transfer Agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.
Additional Redemption Procedures. In connection with taking delivery of Shares of Fund Securities upon redemption of Creation Units, a redeeming shareholder or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such Shareholder must maintain appropriate custody arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank, or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the Fund Securities are customarily traded, to which account such Fund Securities will be delivered. Deliveries of redemption proceeds will generally be made by the next Business Day following the trade date, as discussed above.
The Trust may in its discretion exercise its option cause a Fund to redeem such Shares in cash, and the redeeming investor will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In addition, an investor may request a redemption in cash that the applicable Fund may, in its sole discretion, permit. In either case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its Shares based on the NAV of Shares of such Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee, if applicable, and additional charge for requested cash redemptions specified above, to offset the Trust’s brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). A Fund may also, in its sole discretion, upon request of a shareholder, provide such redeemer a portfolio of securities that differs from the exact composition of the Fund Securities but does not differ in NAV.
Redemptions of Shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and each Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Trust could not lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws. An Authorized Participant or an investor for which it is acting subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the Fund Securities applicable to the redemption of Creation Units may be paid an equivalent amount of cash. The Authorized Participant may request the redeeming investor of the Shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment. Further, an Authorized Participant that is not a “qualified institutional buyer,” (“QIB”) as such term is defined under Rule 144A of the Securities Act, will not be able to receive Fund Securities that are restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A. An Authorized Participant may be required by the Trust to provide a written confirmation with respect to QIB status to receive Fund Securities.
The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to a Fund (1) for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (2) for any period during which trading on the Exchange is suspended or restricted; (3) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the Shares of the Fund or determination of the NAV of the Shares is not reasonably practicable; or (4) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
NAV per Share for each Fund is computed by dividing the value of the net assets of such Fund (i.e., the value of its total assets, less total liabilities) by the total number of Shares outstanding, rounded to the nearest cent. Expenses and fees, including the management fees, are accrued daily and taken into account for the purpose of determining NAV. The NAV of ach Fund is calculated by Global Fund Services and determined at the scheduled close of the regular trading session on the NYSE (ordinarily 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) on each day that the NYSE is open, provided that fixed-income assets may be valued as of the announced closing time for trading in fixed-income instruments on any day that the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (“SIFMA”) announces an early closing time.
In calculating each Fund’s NAV per Share, such Fund’s investments are generally valued using a pricing service. The Fund may use various pricing services, or discontinue the use of any pricing service, as approved by the Adviser from time to time. A price obtained from a pricing service based on such pricing service’s valuation matrix may be considered a market valuation. Any assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted into U.S. dollars at the current market rates on the date of valuation as quoted by one or more sources. For assets traded on an exchange, the Fund may value investments using market valuations. A market valuation generally means a valuation (1) obtained from an exchange, a pricing service, or a major market maker (or dealer), (2) based on a price quotation or other equivalent indication of value supplied by an exchange, a pricing service, or a major market maker (or dealer) or (3) based on amortized cost. In the case of shares of other funds that are not traded on an exchange, a market valuation means such fund’s published NAV per share.
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Each Fund values swap agreements based on the nature of the underlying reference asset or index. The Fund may use the closing price of the underlying reference asset, as provided by independent pricing services, or evaluated prices generated by pricing vendors’ models. Each Fund values exchange-traded options at the composite mean price, calculated as the average of the highest bid and lowest ask prices across the exchanges on which the option is principally traded.
When market valuations are not “readily available” or are deemed to be unreliable, consistent with Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act, the Trust and the Adviser have adopted procedures and methodologies wherein the Adviser, serving as the Fund’s Valuation Designee (as defined in Rule 2a-5), determines the fair value of Fund investments.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes.”
General Policies. Each Fund intends to pay out dividends and interest income, if any, twice weekly and distribute any net realized capital gains to its shareholders at least annually.
Each Fund will declare and pay income and capital gain distributions, if any, in cash. Distributions of net realized capital gains, if any, generally are declared and paid once a year, but the Fund may make distributions on a more frequent basis to comply with the distribution requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”), in all events in a manner consistent with the provisions of the 1940 Act.
Dividends and other distributions on Shares are distributed, as described below, on a pro rata basis to Beneficial Owners of such Shares. Dividend payments are made through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners then of record with proceeds received from the Trust.
Each Fund makes additional distributions to the extent necessary (1) to distribute the entire annual taxable income of the Fund, plus any net capital gains and (2) to avoid imposition of the excise tax imposed by Section 4982 of the Code. Management of the Trust reserves the right to declare special dividends if, in its reasonable discretion, such action is necessary or advisable to preserve the Fund’s eligibility for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) or to avoid imposition of income or excise taxes on undistributed income at the Fund level.
Dividend Reinvestment Service. The Trust will not make the DTC book-entry dividend reinvestment service available for use by Beneficial Owners for reinvestment of their cash proceeds, but certain individual broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by Beneficial Owners of the applicable Fund through DTC Participants for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. Investors should contact their brokers to ascertain the availability and description of these services. Beneficial Owners should be aware that each broker may require investors to adhere to specific procedures and timetables to participate in the dividend reinvestment service and investors should ascertain from their brokers such necessary details. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole Shares of the applicable Fund issued by the Trust of such Fund at NAV per Share. Distributions reinvested in additional Shares will nevertheless be taxable to Beneficial Owners acquiring such additional Shares to the same extent as if such distributions had been received in cash.
FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
The following is only a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting the Funds and their respective shareholders that supplements the discussion in the Prospectus. No attempt is made to present a comprehensive explanation of the federal, state, local or foreign tax treatment of the Funds or their respective shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Prospectus is not intended to be a substitute for careful tax planning.
The following general discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences is based on provisions of the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this SAI. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein.
The tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) made significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules for taxation of individuals and corporations, generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Many of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and would apply only to taxable years before January 1, 2026. There were only minor changes with respect to the specific rules applicable to RICs, such as the Funds. The Tax Act, however, also made numerous other changes to the tax rules that may affect shareholders and the Funds. Subsequent legislation has modified certain changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules made by the Tax Act which may, in addition, affect shareholders and the Funds. You are urged to consult with your own tax advisor regarding how this legislation affects your investment in a Fund.
Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the application of the provisions of tax law described in this SAI in light of the particular tax situations of the shareholders and regarding specific questions as to federal, state, local, or foreign taxes.
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Taxation of the Funds. Each Fund will elect and intends to qualify each year to be treated as a RIC under the Code. As such, each Fund should not be subject to federal income taxes on its net investment income and capital gains, if any, to the extent that it timely distributes such income and capital gains to its shareholders. Generally, to be taxed as a RIC, a Fund must distribute in each taxable year at least 90% of its net investment income for the taxable year, which includes, among other items, dividends, interest, net short-term capital gain and net foreign currency gain, less expenses, as well as 90% of its net tax-exempt interest income, if any (the “Distribution Requirement”) and also must meet several additional requirements. Among these requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of the Fund’s gross income each taxable year must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or foreign currencies, and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “Qualifying Income Requirement”); and (ii) at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, the Fund’s assets must be diversified so that (a) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect to any one issuer, to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, the securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “Diversification Requirement”).
For purposes of the Diversification Requirement, exchange-traded options on a single security are, and swap contracts on a single security very likely are, treated as issued by the issuer of the underlying security, and not by the counter party, exchange or clearing house which legally issues the swap contract or option. Thus, such swap contracts and options on a single security are treated as issued by a single issuer. Each Fund will monitor its investments so that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter, and that its holdings will not be concentrated to the extent that the Fund fails the 50% test at the close of any quarter. There is no assurance that the Fund will be able to satisfy the Diversification Requirement. In some cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under current law, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to issuer identification for a particular type of investment may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to meet the Diversification Test.
To the extent a Fund makes investments that may generate income that is not qualifying income, including certain derivatives, such Fund will seek to restrict the resulting income from such investments so that the Fund’s non-qualifying income does not exceed 10% of its gross income.
Although each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and may distribute its capital gains for any taxable year, a Fund will be subject to federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. Each Fund is treated as a separate corporation for federal income tax purposes. Each Fund therefore is considered to be a separate entity in determining its treatment under the rules for RICs described herein. The requirements (other than certain organizational requirements) for qualifying RIC status are determined at the Fund level rather than at the Trust level.
If a Fund fails to satisfy the Qualifying Income Requirement or the Diversification Requirement in any taxable year, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the Diversification Requirement where a Fund corrects the failure within a specified period of time. To be eligible for the relief provisions with respect to a failure to meet the Diversification Requirement, a Fund may be required to dispose of certain assets. If these relief provisions were not available to a Fund and it were to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC for a taxable year, all of its taxable income would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and its distributions (including capital gains distributions) generally would be taxable to the shareholders of the applicable Fund as ordinary income dividends, subject to the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders and the lower tax rates on qualified dividend income received by noncorporate shareholders, subject to certain limitations. To requalify for treatment as a RIC in a subsequent taxable year, the Fund would be required to satisfy the RIC qualification requirements for that year and to distribute any earnings and profits from any year in which the Fund failed to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC. If the Fund failed to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, it would generally be required to pay a fund-level tax on certain net built in gains recognized with respect to certain of its assets upon disposition of such assets within five years of qualifying as a RIC in a subsequent year. The Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of a Fund for treatment as a RIC if it determines such course of action to be beneficial to shareholders. If a Fund determines that it will not qualify as a RIC, the Fund will establish procedures to reflect the anticipated tax liability in such Fund’s NAV.
Each Fund may elect to treat part or all of any “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Fund’s taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in characterizing Fund distributions for any calendar year. A “qualified late year loss” generally includes net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year, subject to special rules in the event the Fund makes an election under Section 4982(e)(4) of the Code, (commonly referred to as “post-October losses”), and certain other late-year losses.
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Capital losses in excess of capital gains (“net capital losses”) are not permitted to be deducted against a RIC’s net investment income. Instead, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, potentially subject to certain limitations, the Fund may carry a net capital loss from any taxable year forward indefinitely to offset its capital gains, if any, in years following the year of the loss. To the extent subsequent capital gains are offset by such losses, they will not result in U.S. federal income tax liability to the Fund and may not be distributed as capital gains to its shareholders. Generally, the Fund may not carry forward any losses other than net capital losses. The carryover of capital losses may be limited under the general loss limitation rules if the Fund experiences an ownership change as defined in the Code.
Each Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax on certain undistributed income if it does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year an amount at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income for either the one-year period ending on October 31 of that year, or, if the Fund makes an election under Section 4982(e)(4) of the Code, the Fund’s fiscal year, subject to an increase for any shortfall in the prior year’s distribution. Each Fund intends to declare and distribute dividends and distributions in the amounts and at the times necessary to avoid the application of the excise tax, but can make no assurances that all such tax liability will be eliminated.
Each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gain to shareholders for each taxable year. If a Fund meets the Distribution Requirement but retains some or all of its income or gains, it will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. The Fund may elect to designate certain amounts retained as undistributed net capital gain as deemed distributions in a notice to its shareholders, who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount so designated, (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the income tax paid by the Fund on that undistributed amount against their federal income tax liabilities and to claim refunds to the extent such credits exceed their tax liabilities, and (iii) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for federal income tax purposes, in their Shares by an amount equal to the excess of the amount of undistributed net capital gain included in their respective income over their respective income tax credits.
Taxation of Shareholders – Distributions. Each Fund intends to distribute to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the deduction for dividends paid), its net tax-exempt income, if any, and any net capital gain (net long-term capital gains in excess of net short-term capital losses, taking into account any capital loss carryforwards). The distribution of investment company taxable income (as so computed) and net capital gain will be taxable to Fund shareholders regardless of whether the shareholders receive these distributions in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares.
Each Fund (or your broker) will report to shareholders annually the amounts of dividends paid from ordinary income, the amount of distributions of net capital gain, the portion of dividends which may qualify for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders, and the portion of dividends which may qualify for treatment as qualified dividend income, which is taxable to non-corporate shareholders at long-term capital gain rates.
Distributions from a Fund’s net capital gain will be taxable to shareholders at long-term capital gains rates, regardless of how long shareholders have held their Shares. Distributions may be subject to state and local taxes.
Given the investment strategies of the Funds, it is unlikely that any dividends paid by the Funds will be qualified dividends or be eligible for the corporate dividends paid deduction.
Although dividends generally will be treated as distributed when paid, any dividend declared by a Fund in October, November or December and payable to shareholders of record in such a month that is paid during the following January will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as received by shareholders on December 31 of the calendar year in which it was declared.
In addition to the federal income tax, certain individuals, trusts and estates may be subject to a Net Investment Income (“NII”) tax of 3.8%. The NII tax is imposed on the lesser of: (i) a taxpayer’s investment income, net of deductions properly allocable to such income; or (ii) the amount by which such taxpayer’s modified adjusted gross income exceeds certain thresholds ($250,000 for married individuals filing jointly, $200,000 for unmarried individuals and $125,000 for married individuals filing separately). Each Fund’s distributions are includable in a shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this NII tax. In addition, any capital gain realized by a shareholder upon a sale or redemption of Fund shares is includable in such shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this NII tax.
Shareholders who have not held Shares for a full year should be aware that the Funds may report and distribute, as ordinary dividends or capital gain dividends, a percentage of income that is not equal to the percentage of such Fund’s ordinary income or net capital gain, respectively, actually earned during the applicable shareholder’s period of investment in the Fund. A taxable shareholder may wish to avoid investing in a Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because the distribution will generally be taxable to the shareholder even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of the shareholder’s investment.
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If a Fund’s distributions exceed its earnings and profits, all or a portion of the distributions made for a taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in the Fund and result in a higher capital gain or lower capital loss when the Shares on which the distribution was received are sold. After a shareholder’s basis in the Shares has been reduced to zero, distributions in excess of earnings and profits will be treated as gain from the sale of the shareholder’s Shares.
Taxation of Shareholders – Sale of Shares. A sale or redemption of Shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Shares will generally be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss, rather than short-term capital loss, to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the shareholder of long-term capital gain with respect to such Shares (including any amounts credited to the shareholder as undistributed capital gains). All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares may be disallowed if substantially identical Shares are acquired (through the reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly acquired Shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
The cost basis of Shares acquired by purchase will generally be based on the amount paid for Shares and then may be subsequently adjusted for other applicable transactions as required by the Code. The difference between the selling price and the cost basis of Shares generally determines the amount of the capital gain or loss realized on the sale of Shares. Contact the broker through whom you purchased your Shares to obtain information with respect to the available cost basis reporting methods and elections for your account.
An Authorized Participant who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally will recognize a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time and the sum of the exchanger’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered plus the amount of cash paid for such Creation Units. A person who redeems Creation Units will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanger’s basis in the Creation Units and the sum of the aggregate market value of any securities received plus the amount of any cash received for such Creation Units. The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), however, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units cannot currently be deducted under the rules governing “wash sales” (for a person, who does not mark-to-market its portfolio) or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position.
Any capital gain or loss realized upon the creation of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the securities exchanged for such Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Any capital gain or loss realized upon the redemption of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares composing the Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Otherwise, such capital gains or losses will generally be treated as short-term capital gains or losses. Any loss upon a redemption of Creation Units held for six months or less may be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the applicable Authorized Participant of long-term capital gain with respect to the Creation Units (including any amounts credited to the Authorized Participant as undistributed capital gains).
The Trust, on behalf of each Fund, has the right to reject an order for Creation Units if the purchaser (or a group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the Creation Units so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding Shares and if, pursuant to Section 351 of the Code, the Fund would have a basis in the deposit securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. The Trust also has the right to require the provision of information necessary to determine beneficial Share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination. If the Fund does issue Creation Units to a purchaser (or a group of purchasers) that would, upon obtaining the Creation Units so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding Shares, the purchaser (or a group of purchasers) will not recognize gain or loss upon the exchange of securities for Creation Units.
Persons purchasing or redeeming Creation Units should consult their own tax advisers with respect to the tax treatment of any creation or redemption transaction and whether the wash sales rule applies and when a loss may be deductible.
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Taxation of Fund Investments. Certain of each Fund’s investments may be subject to complex provisions of the Code (including provisions relating to hedging transactions, straddles, integrated transactions, foreign currency contracts, forward foreign currency contracts, and notional principal contracts) that, among other things, may affect the Fund’s ability to qualify as a RIC, affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (e.g., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also may require the Funds to mark to market certain types of positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out) which may cause a Fund to recognize income without the Fund receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts sufficient to enable the Fund to satisfy the RIC distribution requirements for avoiding fund-level income and excise taxes. Each Fund intends to monitor its transactions, intends to make appropriate tax elections, and intends to make appropriate entries in its books and records to mitigate the effect of these rules and preserve its qualification for treatment as a RIC. To the extent a Fund invests in an underlying fund that is taxable as a RIC, the rules applicable to the tax treatment of complex securities will also apply to the underlying funds that also invest in such complex securities and investments. In addition, because the tax rules applicable to such instruments may be uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future IRS guidance with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether the Fund has made sufficient distributions and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements to maintain its qualification as a RIC and avoid a Fund-level tax.
Backup Withholding. Each Fund will be required in certain cases to withhold (as “backup withholding”) on amounts payable to any shareholder who (1) fails to provide a correct taxpayer identification number certified under penalty of perjury; (2) is subject to backup withholding by the IRS for failure to properly report all payments of interest or dividends; (3) fails to provide a certified statement that it is not subject to “backup withholding;” or (4) fails to provide a certified statement that it is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). The backup withholding rate is at a rate set under Section 3406 of the Code. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s ultimate U.S. federal income tax liability. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% withholding tax on shareholders who are neither citizens nor permanent residents of the United States.
Non-U.S. Shareholders. Any non-U.S. investors in a Fund may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax and are encouraged to consult their tax advisors prior to investing in the Fund. Foreign shareholders (i.e., nonresident alien individuals and foreign corporations, partnerships, trusts and estates) are generally subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or a lower tax treaty rate) on distributions derived from taxable ordinary income. A Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met. Short-term capital gain dividends received by a nonresident alien individual who is present in the U.S. for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the taxable year are not exempt from this 30% withholding tax. Gains realized by foreign shareholders from the sale or other disposition of Shares generally are not subject to U.S. taxation, unless the recipient is an individual who is physically present in the U.S. for 183 days or more per year (based on a formula that factors in presence in the U.S. during the two preceding years as well). Foreign shareholders who fail to provide an applicable IRS form may be subject to backup withholding on certain payments from the Fund. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that are subject to the 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) withholding tax described in this paragraph. Different tax consequences may result if the foreign shareholder is engaged in a trade or business within the United States. In addition, the tax consequences to a foreign shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of a tax treaty may be different than those described above.
Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), the Funds may be required to withhold a generally nonrefundable 30% tax on distributions of net investment income paid to (a) certain “foreign financial institutions” unless such foreign financial institution agrees to verify, monitor, and report to the IRS the identity of certain of its account holders, among other items (or unless such entity is otherwise deemed compliant under the terms of an intergovernmental agreement between the United States and the foreign financial institution’s country of residence), and (b) certain “non-financial foreign entities” unless such entity certifies to the Fund that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or provides the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner, among other items. This FATCA withholding tax could also affect a Fund’s return on its investments in foreign securities or affect a shareholder’s return if the shareholder holds its Fund shares through a foreign intermediary. You are urged to consult your tax adviser regarding the application of this FATCA withholding tax to your investment in a Fund and the potential certification, compliance, due diligence, reporting, and withholding obligations to which you may become subject in order to avoid this withholding tax.
For foreign shareholders to qualify for an exemption from backup withholding, described above, the foreign shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements. Foreign shareholders in a Fund should consult their tax advisors in this regard.
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Tax-Exempt Shareholders. Certain tax-exempt shareholders, including qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, salary deferral arrangements, 401(k) plans, and other tax-exempt entities, generally are exempt from federal income taxation, except with respect to their unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”). Tax-exempt entities are generally not permitted to offset losses from one unrelated trade or business against the income or gain of another unrelated trade or business. Certain net losses incurred prior to January 1, 2018 are permitted to offset gain and income created by an unrelated trade or business, if otherwise available. Under current law, each Fund generally serves to block UBTI from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders with respect to their shares of Fund income. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, tax-exempt shareholders could realize UBTI by virtue of their investment in the Funds if, for example Shares in such Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholders within the meaning of section 514(b) of the Code. Charitable remainder trusts are subject to special rules and should consult their tax advisers. The IRS has issued guidance with respect to these issues and prospective shareholders, especially charitable remainder trusts, are strongly encouraged to consult with their tax advisers regarding these issues.
Certain Potential Tax Reporting Requirements. Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss on disposition of the Shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Significant penalties may be imposed for the failure to comply with the reporting requirements. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Other Issues. In those states which have income tax laws, the tax treatment of the Funds and of shareholders of the Funds with respect to distributions by the Funds may differ from federal tax treatment.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Financial statements and annual reports will be available after the Funds have completed a fiscal year of operations. When available, you may request a copy of each Fund’s annual Certified Shareholder Report at no charge by calling (833) 333-9383 or through the Fund’s website at www. defianceetfs.com.
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Defiance Bitcoin LightningSpread™ Income ETF (BLLS)
Defiance Ethereum LightningSpread™ Income ETF (ETLS)
Defiance Gold LightningSpread™ Income ETF (GLS)
Defiance Gold Miners LightningSpread™ Income ETF (GMLS)
Defiance Silver LightningSpread™ Income ETF (SVLS)
Defiance Solana LightningSpread™ Income ETF (SLLS)
Defiance XRP LightningSpread™ Income ETF (XRLS)
Each listed on Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc.
PROSPECTUS
February 9, 2026
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) has not approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| 1 | |||
| Management Fee | % | ||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % | ||
| (1) | |
| (2) | |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the share price of iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF (“IBIT” or the “Underlying ETP”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
1
IBIT is a passive investment vehicle that, under normal circumstances, holds physical bitcoin (BTC), a digital asset. IBIT seeks to reflect, generally, the performance of the price of bitcoin, less the IBIT Trust’s expenses and other liabilities. IBIT is not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and is not subject to the same regulatory requirements applicable to registered investment companies. From time to time, when the Adviser determines it necessary or appropriate (e.g., due to market, regulatory or operational constraints), the Fund may substitute for the Underlying ETP other pooled vehicles (i.e., other ETFs or exchange-traded products) with substantially similar investment objectives and strategies as the Underlying ETP (“Alternative Underlying ETPs”).
The Fund does not invest directly in Bitcoin or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest directly in derivatives that track the performance of Bitcoin or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest in or seek direct exposure to the current “spot” or cash price of Bitcoin. Investors seeking direct exposure to the price of Bitcoin should consider an investment other than the Fund. For additional details about bitcoin and the bitcoin blockchain, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying ETP
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying ETP directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETP through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying ETP (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying ETP, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying ETP, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying ETP. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying ETP over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying ETP with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying ETP declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or groups of industries, if any, to which the Underlying ETP is concentrated.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
2
iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF (IBIT)
The iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF (“IBIT” or the “IBIT Trust”) is a passive investment vehicle that, under normal circumstances, holds physical bitcoin (BTC). IBIT seeks to reflect generally the performance of the price of bitcoin. IBIT is not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and is not subject to the same regulatory requirements applicable to registered investment companies. IBIT is listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.
The investment objective of IBIT is to reflect generally the price performance of bitcoin. Shares of IBIT are designed to provide investors with exposure to bitcoin, without the necessity of directly purchasing, holding, storing or safeguarding bitcoin themselves. Before making an investment decision an investor should carefully review IBIT’s prospectus and risk factors.
Source of IBIT Trust Information
The information herein regarding IBIT has been derived from publicly available sources, including the IBIT Trust’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Investors should review IBIT’s SEC filings, including its registration statement (prospectus), annual and quarterly reports, and other publicly available materials to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the IBIT Trust’s operations, risks, and financial condition. The description of IBIT’s principal investment strategies was drawn directly from IBIT’s prospectus, dated July 31, 2025.
You can find IBIT’s prospectus and other information about the IBIT Trust, including the most recent periodic SEC reports, online by reference to the 1933 Act Registration File No. 333-272680 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
This document relates solely to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the shares of IBIT or other securities of IBIT. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained herein regarding IBIT from publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), the Adviser, or any of their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry with respect to such documents with regard to IBIT. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or other publicly available information regarding IBIT is accurate or complete.
No assurance can be given that all events occurring prior to the date hereof, events that could affect the trading price of IBIT and, consequently, the value of the Fund’s investments, have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of, or failure to disclose, material events concerning IBIT could affect the market value of IBIT and, accordingly, the value of the securities offered hereby.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of IBIT.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH BLACKROCK FUND ADVISORS, THE IBIT TRUST, OR iShares Delaware Trust Sponsor LLC (the “Sponsor”). THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED OR APPROVED BY, BLACKROCK FUND ADVISORS, THE IBIT TRUST, OR THE SPONSOR.
Moreover, none of BlackRock Fund Advisors, the IBIT Trust, or the Sponsor has participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. None of them selects or approves the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor do they participate in the construction, design or implementation of the Fund. None provides any assurances, guarantees or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by BlackRock Fund Advisors, the IBIT Trust, or the Sponsor.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by BlackRock Fund Advisors, the IBIT Trust, the Sponsor, or any of their affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
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IBIT Risks. The Fund invests in instruments based on the value of IBIT. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of IBIT as well as the risks associated with the assets held by IBIT, even though the Fund does not hold those assets directly. The value of IBIT will fluctuate with the market price of bitcoin, which may be affected by economic conditions, regulatory developments, supply and demand for bitcoin, technological developments, investor sentiment and other factors. Brokerage, custody, management fees and other expenses may negatively impact the performance of IBIT and therefore the value of the Fund’s shares.
| ● | Digital Asset and Market Risks. IBIT invests in bitcoin, a digital asset that is relatively new, highly volatile, and subject to evolving market dynamics. The market value of bitcoin is influenced by supply and demand on digital asset trading platforms, adoption of the Bitcoin network, technological advancements, macroeconomic conditions, and regulatory developments. These factors are unpredictable and may result in significant and rapid declines in value. Digital asset markets are less mature than traditional securities markets and may be more vulnerable to manipulation, fraud, hacking, loss of access, or other operational failures. The price of bitcoin has historically exhibited extreme volatility, and the price of IBIT shares may experience similar fluctuations. Such volatility may be driven by speculative trading activity, shifts in investor sentiment, or changes in the regulatory or technological environment. As a result, the IBIT shares may trade at prices that vary materially from the value of its bitcoin holdings, particularly if market liquidity is constrained or trading spreads widen. |
| ● | Custody and Operational Risks. The IBIT Trust’s bitcoin is held in custody with a third-party custodian under established security and operational protocols. Despite these safeguards, the IBIT Trust remains exposed to risks such as cybersecurity breaches, operational errors, insolvency of service providers, or the misappropriation or loss of bitcoin. Bitcoin transactions are irrevocable, and incorrectly executed or unauthorized transfers cannot be reversed. A security incident involving the IBIT Trust’s custodian or other service providers could result in a partial or total loss of assets, interruption of operations, or damage to the IBIT Trust’s reputation, each of which could materially reduce the value of the shares of IBIT. The IBIT Trust relies on key service providers, including its custodian, prime execution agent, and bitcoin trading counterparties. The termination or failure of any of these entities to perform their obligations could impair the IBIT Trust’s ability to safeguard assets, process creations and redemptions, or maintain normal operations. In addition, the loss of critical banking relationships or the failure of a financial institution used by IBIT’s prime execution agent could disrupt the IBIT Trust’s ability to facilitate transactions or lead to financial losses. |
| ● | Regulatory Risk. Digital assets and investment vehicles that hold them operate within a developing and uncertain regulatory framework in the United States and abroad. Adverse legislative or regulatory actions, including restrictions or prohibitions on bitcoin use, trading, mining, or custody, could materially reduce the value or liquidity of bitcoin and adversely affect the IBIT Trust’s operations. If regulators were to classify the Trust, its Sponsor, or other key service providers such as bitcoin trading counterparties as money services businesses or money transmitters, those entities could incur significant compliance costs and operational burdens. Changes in regulatory interpretation could further require new registrations or adherence to additional requirements, resulting in extraordinary and potentially nonrecurring expenses. The legal and tax treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal, state, and local income tax purposes remains unsettled. Any changes in applicable law or guidance could materially impact the taxation of the Trust and its investors, as well as the overall value of IBIT’s shares. |
| ● | Non-Diversification and Concentration Risk. IBIT is a single-asset vehicle, holding substantially all of its assets in a single digital asset (bitcoin). As a result, IBIT is subject to greater market risk and volatility than diversified vehicles. A decline in the value of bitcoin would have a direct and material adverse impact on IBIT’s net asset value and the value of the Fund’s investments. |
| ● | No 1940 Act Protections. The Underlying ETP is not registered as an investment company subject to the 1940 Act. Accordingly, investors in the Underlying ETP would not have the protections expressly provided by that statute, including: provisions preventing Underlying ETP insiders from managing the Underlying ETP to their benefit and to the detriment of shareholders; provisions preventing an Underlying ETP from issuing securities having inequitable or discriminatory provisions; provisions preventing management by irresponsible persons; provisions preventing the use of unsound or misleading methods of computing Underlying ETP earnings and asset value; provisions prohibiting suspension of redemptions (except under limited circumstances); provisions limiting fund leverage; provisions imposing a fiduciary duty on fund managers with respect to receipt of compensation for services; and provisions preventing changes in the Underlying ETP’s character without the consent of shareholders. Although the Fund invests in the Underlying ETP only indirectly, the Fund’s investments are expected to be subject to loss as a result of these risks. |
Bitcoin Investment Risks. The Fund’s indirect investment in bitcoin exposes it to the unique risks of this emerging innovation. Bitcoin’s price is highly volatile, and its market is influenced by the changing bitcoin network, fluctuating acceptance levels, and unpredictable usage trends. Not being a legal tender and operating outside central authority systems like banks, bitcoin faces potential government restrictions. For instance, some countries may limit or ban bitcoin transactions, negatively impacting its market value.
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The risks associated with bitcoin include the possibility of fraud, theft, market manipulation, and security breaches in trading platforms. A small group of large bitcoin holders, known as “whales,” can significantly influence bitcoin’s price and may have the ability to manipulate the price. The largely unregulated nature of bitcoin and its trading venues heightens risks of fraudulent activities and market manipulation, which could affect bitcoin’s price. For example, if a group of miners gains control over a majority of the bitcoin network, they could manipulate transactions to their advantage. Historical instances have seen bitcoin trading venues shut down due to fraud or security breaches, often leaving investors without recourse and facing significant losses.
Updates to bitcoin’s software, proposed by developers, can lead to the creation of new digital assets, or “forks,” if not broadly adopted. This can impact bitcoin’s demand and the Fund’s performance. The extreme volatility of bitcoin’s market price can result in shareholder losses. Furthermore, the operation of bitcoin trading platforms may be disrupted or cease altogether due to various issues, further affecting bitcoin’s price and the Fund’s investments.
The value of bitcoin has historically been subject to significant speculation, making trading and investing in bitcoin reliant on market sentiment rather than traditional fundamental analysis.
Bitcoin’s price can be influenced by events unrelated to its security or utility, including instability in other speculative areas of the crypto/blockchain space, potentially leading to substantial declines in its value.
Risks associated with crypto asset trading platforms include fragmentation, regulatory non-compliance, and the possibility of enforcement actions by regulatory authorities, which could impact the valuation of bitcoin-linked derivatives held by the Fund.
The security of the Bitcoin Blockchain may be compromised if a single miner or group controls more than 50% of the network’s hashing power, where hashing power refers to the computational capacity used to validate and secure transactions on the blockchain.
Proposed changes to the bitcoin protocol may not be universally adopted, leading to the creation of competing blockchains (forks) with different assets and participants, exemplified by past forks like Bitcoin Cash and Bitcoin SV.
The Bitcoin Blockchain protocol may contain vulnerabilities that attackers could exploit to disrupt its operation, potentially compromising the security and reliability of the network.
Emerging alternative public blockchains, particularly those emphasizing privacy through technologies like zero-knowledge cryptography, pose risks and challenges to the dominance of the Bitcoin Blockchain as a payment system.
Common impediments to adopting the Bitcoin Blockchain as a payment network include slow transaction processing, variability in transaction fees, and the volatility of bitcoin’s price, which may deter widespread adoption by businesses and consumers.
The development and use of “Layer II solutions” are critical for the scalability and functionality of the Bitcoin Blockchain, but they also introduce risks such as off-chain transaction execution, which could affect transparency and security. Layer II solutions are off-chain protocols that improve scalability and reduce transaction costs by processing transactions outside the main blockchain network.
Adoption and use of other blockchains supporting advanced applications like smart contracts present challenges to the dominance of the Bitcoin Blockchain, potentially impacting its long-term relevance and utility in the evolving landscape of blockchain technology.
| ● | Digital Assets Risk: Digital assets like bitcoin, designed as mediums of exchange, are still an emerging asset class and are not presently widely used as such. They operate independently of any central authority or government backing and are subject to regulatory changes and extreme price volatility. The trading platforms for digital assets are relatively new, largely unregulated or possibly operating out of compliance with regulations, and thus more vulnerable to fraud and failures compared to traditional, regulated exchanges. Shutdowns of these platforms due to fraud, technical glitches, or security issues can significantly affect digital asset prices and market volatility. |
| ● | Digital Asset Markets Risk: The digital asset market, particularly bitcoin, has experienced considerable volatility, leading to market disruptions and erosion of confidence among market participants. This instability and the resultant negative publicity could adversely affect the Fund’s reputation and trading prices. Ongoing market turbulence could significantly impact the value of the Fund’s share. |
| ● | Blockchain Technology Risk: Blockchain technology, which underpins bitcoin and other digital assets, is relatively new, and many of its applications are untested. The adoption of blockchain and the development of competing platforms or technologies could affect its usage. Investments in companies or vehicles that utilize blockchain technology are subject to market volatility and may experience lower trading volumes compared to more established industries. Additionally, regulatory changes, internet disruptions, cybersecurity incidents, and intellectual property disputes could further affect the adoption and functionality of blockchain technology. |
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Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying ETP and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETP, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying ETP prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying ETP declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETP, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
If the Underlying ETP experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
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Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or groups of industries, if any, to which the Underlying ETP is concentrated. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
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Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
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Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
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Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| 1 | |||
| Management Fee | % | ||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % | ||
| (1) | |
| (2) | |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the share price of the Grayscale Ethereum Staking ETF (the “ETHE” or the “Underlying ETP”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
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ETHE is a passive, single-asset investment vehicle that, under normal circumstances, holds Ethereum (“Ether”), a digital asset. ETHE is not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and is not subject to the same regulatory requirements applicable to registered investment companies. From time to time, when the Adviser determines it necessary or appropriate (e.g., due to market, regulatory or operational constraints), the Fund may substitute for the Underlying ETP other pooled vehicles (i.e., other ETFs or exchange-traded products) with substantially similar investment objectives and strategies as the Underlying ETP (“Alternative Underlying ETPs”).
The Fund does not invest directly in Ether or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest directly in derivatives that track the performance of Ether or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest in or seek direct exposure to the current “spot” or cash price of Ether. Investors seeking direct exposure to the price of Ether should consider an investment other than the Fund. For additional details about ether and the Ethereum blockchain, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying ETP
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying ETP directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETP through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying ETP (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying ETP, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying ETP, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying ETP. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying ETP over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying ETP with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying ETP declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or groups of industries, if any, to which the Underlying ETP is concentrated.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
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Grayscale Ethereum Staking ETF – ETHE
The Grayscale Ethereum Staking ETF (“ETHE”) is a passive, single-asset investment vehicle that, under normal circumstances, holds Ethereum (“Ether”) which are digital assets that are created and transmitted through the operations of the peer-to-peer Ethereum network, a decentralized network of computers that operates on cryptographic protocols. ETHE seeks to reflect the value of Ether it holds, less its expenses and other liabilities. Shares of the ETHE are intended to provide investors with exposure to Ether in a manner similar to a direct investment, but without the complexities of acquiring, holding, or safekeeping Ether directly.
ETHE’s investment objective is for the value of its shares (based on Ether per Share) to reflect the value of Ether it holds, less ETHE’s expenses and other liabilities. Before making an investment decision an investor should carefully review ETHE’s prospectus and risk factors.
Source of Grayscale Ethereum Staking ETF Information
The information contained herein regarding ETHE has been derived from publicly available sources, including ETHE’s filings with the SEC. Investors should review ETHE’s SEC filings, including its registration statement (prospectus), annual and quarterly reports, and other publicly available materials to obtain a more complete understanding of ETHE’s operations, risks, and financial condition. The description of ETHE’s principal investment strategies was drawn directly from ETHE’s prospectus, dated July 22, 2024.
You can find ETHE’s prospectus and other information about ETHE, including the most recent periodic SEC reports, online by reference to the 1933 Act Registration File No. 333-278880 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
This document relates solely to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the shares of ETHE or any other securities issued by ETHE. The Fund has derived all disclosures regarding ETHE contained herein exclusively from publicly available information. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), the Adviser, or any of their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of ETHE’s offering materials or made any due diligence inquiry with respect to such information. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of ETHE’s publicly available filings or other information.
No assurance can be given that all events occurring prior to the date hereof, events that could affect the trading price of ETHE and, consequently, the value of the Fund’s investments, have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of, or failure to disclose, material events concerning ETHE could affect the market value of ETHE and, accordingly, the value of the securities offered hereby.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation as to the performance of ETHE.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH GRAYSCALE INVESTMENTS, LLC (“GRAYSCALE”) OR THE GRAYSCALE ETHEREUM STAKING ETF. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY GRAYSCALE OR THE GRAYSCALE ETHEREUM STAKING ETF.
Moreover, neither Grayscale or ETHE has participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. Neither of them selects or approves the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor do they participate in the construction, design or implementation of the Fund. Neither provides any assurances, guarantees or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by Grayscale or ETHE.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by Grayscale, ETHE, or any of their affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
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ETHE Risks. The Fund invests in instruments based on the value of ETHE. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of ETHE as well as the risks associated with the assets held by ETHE, even though the Fund does not hold those assets directly. The value of ETHE will fluctuate with the market price of Ether, which may be affected by economic conditions, regulatory developments, supply and demand for bitcoin, technological developments, investor sentiment and other factors. Brokerage, custody, management fees and other expenses may negatively impact the performance of ETHE and therefore the value of the Fund’s shares.
| ● | ETHE and Digital Asset Exposure Risks. The Fund invests in options contracts based on the value of ETHE. Accordingly, the Fund is subject to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of ETHE, as well as risks associated with the instruments in which ETHE invests, even though the Fund does not hold those instruments directly. The value of ETHE fluctuates based on the price of Ether, which is influenced by regulatory developments, technological innovation, network adoption, competition, investor sentiment, and overall market conditions. Brokerage, custody, and management fees, as well as other expenses, may reduce the performance of ETHE and, consequently, the value of the Fund’s shares. Ether is a digital asset that is relatively new and subject to substantial volatility. The market value of Ether is determined primarily by supply and demand on digital asset trading platforms, adoption of blockchain technology, and global economic and regulatory conditions. Digital asset markets are largely unregulated and may be more vulnerable to fraud, manipulation, or trading halts than traditional securities markets. ETHE currently accepts only cash creations and redemptions rather than in-kind transactions involving Ether. This structural limitation may impair the efficiency of the arbitrage mechanism that normally aligns the market price of shares with their net asset value, potentially resulting in shares trading at significant premiums or discounts. The inability to facilitate in-kind creations or redemptions may also increase operational risk and transaction costs and could limit liquidity during periods of market stress. |
| ● | Ethereum Network and Technology Risks. ETHE’s performance depends on the proper functioning of the Ethereum network, an open-source, decentralized blockchain. Any disruption, failure, or modification to the network, including forks, consensus changes, or vulnerabilities, may adversely affect the value of Ether and, in turn, ETHE. Periods of network congestion or elevated transaction fees may also reduce efficiency and market confidence. ETHE relies on a third-party custodian to maintain its Ether holdings in secure storage. While such arrangements are designed to minimize the risk of loss, ETHE remains subject to operational, cybersecurity, or insolvency risks associated with its custodian, which could result in partial or total loss of assets. ETHE’s shareholders will not receive any benefits arising from hard forks, airdrops, or similar events affecting the Ethereum network. ETHE will irrevocably abandon any rights to new digital assets distributed through such events, which could prevent shareholders from realizing potential economic gains associated with those occurrences. |
| ● | Regulatory and Legal Risks. Digital assets and related investment vehicles operate within evolving and uncertain regulatory frameworks. Changes in laws, regulations, or governmental interpretations—domestically or abroad—could materially affect ETHE’s operations or the value of Ether. A determination that Ether constitutes a security or other regulated instrument could restrict trading, reduce liquidity, and adversely impact ETHE’s ability to achieve its investment objective. The regulatory landscape for digital assets varies significantly across jurisdictions. Adverse actions by regulators in key markets, including the United States, the European Union, and Asia—such as restrictions on trading platforms, reclassification of Ether, or limitations on custody—could materially affect the Ether market and ETHE’s valuation. Divergent global regulations may further increase compliance complexity and systemic risk. Uncertainty regarding whether registered broker-dealers may hold or transact in Ether under existing financial responsibility rules has delayed the development of in-kind creation and redemption mechanisms. Regulatory determinations in this area, or lack thereof, could materially impact ETHE’s structure, operations, and efficiency. |
| ● | Market, Volatility, and Liquidity Risks. The price of Ether has been, and may continue to be, highly volatile. Ether’s value may fluctuate sharply due to speculative trading, macroeconomic events, or changes in investor sentiment. Ether may experience rapid and significant declines in value, including to zero, resulting in substantial losses to ETHE and the Fund. Because ETHE shares are not redeemable for Ether and creations are limited, shares may trade at a substantial premium or discount to their net asset value (“NAV”). Market demand, liquidity, and investor perceptions can contribute to persistent deviations between trading price and NAV. The absence of in-kind creations and redemptions may exacerbate such deviations and result in less effective arbitrage during periods of volatility or market stress. |
| ● | Operational, Custody, and Counterparty Risks. ETHE depends on Grayscale and third-party service providers for custody, administration, valuation, and operational services. Failures or disruptions in these systems could adversely affect ETHE’s ability to value its holdings, maintain custody of its assets, or conduct routine operations. Insolvency or default by any key service provider could result in loss or delay in accessing ETHE’s Ether holdings. Both ETHE and the Ethereum network are subject to cybersecurity threats, including hacking, theft, and data breaches. A successful attack could result in loss of assets, operational disruption, or damage to investor confidence in digital asset markets generally. |
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| ● | Digital Asset Market Structure Risks. The Fund is indirectly exposed to the trading venues on which Ether is bought and sold. Digital asset trading platforms are relatively new and, in many cases, less regulated than traditional securities or commodities exchanges. Failures, insolvencies, cyber incidents, or fraudulent activity at such trading platforms could cause severe market disruptions and impair ETHE’s ability to value or liquidate its holdings. A substantial portion of Ether trading occurs on trading platforms located outside the United States. Offshore markets may lack transparency, offer limited investor protections, and be prone to market manipulation. Failures or restrictions in such markets could reduce Ether liquidity and pricing efficiency. Because of these market structure limitations and ETHE’s reliance on cash creations and redemptions, the arbitrage mechanism may not function as efficiently as it does for comparable products that transact in-kind, increasing the likelihood of share price deviations from NAV. |
| ● | Environmental, Technological, and Smart-Contract Risks. Although Ethereum transitioned from a proof-of-work to a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism, environmental and energy-use considerations continue to influence regulatory and investor perceptions. Future policy changes or market preferences motivated by environmental concerns could adversely affect Ether’s adoption or valuation. The Ethereum network also supports decentralized applications and “smart contracts,” including decentralized finance (“DeFi”) protocols. Security vulnerabilities, operational failures, or fraud involving these applications could undermine confidence in the Ethereum ecosystem and negatively affect the price of Ether. ETHE is currently prohibited from engaging in staking or participating in the Ethereum proof-of-stake validation mechanism. As a result, it will not receive any staking rewards or other income that could otherwise accrue to direct holders of Ether. This limitation may place ETHE at a competitive disadvantage relative to vehicles or investors able to engage in staking activities. |
| ● | Concentration and Non-Diversification Risks. ETHE is a non-diversified trust that invests substantially all of its assets in Ether. As such, ETHE is subject to greater market risk and volatility than diversified investment vehicles. A decline in the value of Ether would have a direct and significant negative impact on ETHE’s net asset value and, consequently, on the value of the Fund’s investments. ETHE’s reliance on a limited number of custodians, liquidity providers, and other key service providers may further increase concentration risk in its operational and counterparty relationships. |
| ● | No 1940 Act Protections. The Underlying ETP is not registered as an investment company subject to the 1940 Act. Accordingly, investors in the Underlying ETP would not have the protections expressly provided by that statute, including: provisions preventing Underlying ETP insiders from managing the Underlying ETP to their benefit and to the detriment of shareholders; provisions preventing an Underlying ETP from issuing securities having inequitable or discriminatory provisions; provisions preventing management by irresponsible persons; provisions preventing the use of unsound or misleading methods of computing Underlying ETP earnings and asset value; provisions prohibiting suspension of redemptions (except under limited circumstances); provisions limiting fund leverage; provisions imposing a fiduciary duty on fund managers with respect to receipt of compensation for services; and provisions preventing changes in the Underlying ETP’s character without the consent of shareholders. Although the Fund invests in the Underlying ETP only indirectly, the Fund’s investments are expected to be subject to loss as a result of these risks. |
Ether Risks. The Fund’s exposure to ETHE indirectly exposes the Fund to the risks associated with an investment in ether. Ether is a relatively new innovation and is subject to unique and substantial risks. The market for ether is subject to rapid price swings, changes and uncertainty. The further development of the Ethereum Network and the acceptance and use of ether are subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. The slowing, stopping or reversing of the development of the Ethereum Network or the acceptance of ether may adversely affect the price and liquidity of ether. Ether is subject to the risk of fraud, theft, manipulation or security failures, operational or other problems that impact ether trading venues. Additionally, if one or a coordinated group of validators were to gain control of 33% or more of staked ether (i.e., ether that is deposited to support the Ethereum Network), they would have the ability to execute extensive attacks, manipulate transactions and fraudulently obtain ether. If such a validator or group of validators were to gain control of one-third of staked ether, they could halt payments. A significant portion of ether is held by a small number of holders sometimes referred to as “whales”. Transactions by these holders may influence the price of ether.
Unlike the exchanges for more traditional assets, such as equity securities and futures contracts, ether and ether trading venues are largely unregulated. As a result of the lack of regulation, individuals or groups may engage in fraud or market manipulation (including using social media to promote ether in a way that artificially increases the price of ether). Investors may be more exposed to the risk of theft, fraud and market manipulation than when investing in more traditional asset classes. Over the past several years, a number of ether trading venues have been closed due to fraud, failure or security breaches. Investors in ether may have little or no recourse should such theft, fraud or manipulation occur and could suffer significant losses.
The realization of any of these risks could result in a decline in the acceptance of ether and consequently a reduction in the value of ether, ether futures, and the Fund.
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Additionally, legal or regulatory changes may negatively impact the operation of the Ethereum Network or restrict the use of ether. For example, if ether were determined to be or were expected to be determined to be a security under the federal securities laws, it is possible certain trading venues would no longer facilitate trading in ether, trading in ether futures may become significantly more volatile and/or completely halted, and the value of an investment in the Fund could decline significantly and without warning, including to zero.
Finally, the creation of a “fork” (as described above) or a substantial giveaway of ether (sometimes referred to as an “air drop”) may result in significant and unexpected declines in the value of ether, ether futures, and the Fund. A fork may be intentional, such as the ‘Merge.’ The ‘Merge’ refers to protocol changes altering the method by which transactions are validated.
The market for ether futures may be less developed, and potentially less liquid and more volatile, than more established futures markets. While the ether futures market has grown substantially since ether futures commenced trading, there can be no assurance that this growth will continue. The price for ether futures contracts is based on a number of factors, including the supply of and the demand for ether futures contracts. Market conditions and expectations, regulatory limitations or limitations imposed by the listing exchanges or futures commission merchants (“FCMs”) (e.g., margin requirements, position limits, and accountability levels), collateral requirements, availability of counterparties, and other factors each can impact the supply of and demand for ether futures contracts.
Market conditions and expectations, margin requirements, position limits, accountability levels, collateral requirements, availability of counterparties, and other factors may also limit the Fund’s ability to achieve its desired exposure to ether futures contracts. If the Fund is unable to achieve such exposure it may not be able to meet its investment objective and the Fund’s returns may be different or lower than expected. Additionally, collateral requirements may require the Fund to liquidate its positions, potentially incurring losses and expenses, when it otherwise would not do so. Investing in derivatives like ether futures may be considered aggressive and may expose the Fund to significant risks. These risks include counterparty risk and liquidity risk.
Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying ETP and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETP, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying ETP prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying ETP declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
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| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETP, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
If the Underlying ETP experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or groups of industries, if any, to which the Underlying ETP is concentrated. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
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ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
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Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
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Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| 1 | |||
| Management Fee | % | ||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % | ||
| (1) | |
| (2) | |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the share price of SPDR Gold Shares (the “GLD” or the “Underlying ETP”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
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GLD is a passive, single-asset investment vehicle that, under normal circumstances, predominantly holds gold bullion. GLD is not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and is not subject to the same regulatory requirements applicable to registered investment companies. From time to time, when the Adviser determines it necessary or appropriate (e.g., due to market, regulatory or operational constraints), the Fund may substitute for the Underlying ETP other pooled vehicles (i.e., other ETFs or exchange-traded products) with substantially similar investment objectives and strategies as the Underlying ETP (“Alternative Underlying ETPs”).
Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying ETP
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying ETP directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETP through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying ETP (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying ETP, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying ETP, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying ETP. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying ETP over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying ETP with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying ETP declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or groups of industries, if any, to which the Underlying ETP is concentrated.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
SPDR Gold Shares - GLD
SPDR Gold Shares (“GLD”) is a grantor trust and its investment objective is to track the performance of the price of gold bullion, less the expenses of GLD’s operations. GLD is a passively-managed fund that primarily invests in gold and may also hold cash or cash equivalents. The investment strategy of GLD involves holding gold bullion, which is stored in secure vaults. GLD is listed on the NYSE Arca stock exchange.
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GLD’s holdings are predominantly in physical gold bullion, and it may occasionally hold a minimal amount of cash for short-term operational purposes. The size and weight of the gold bars held by GLD are in accordance with standard specifications in the gold bullion market. GLD invests in gold of various sizes, including large-scale bullion bars, to seek to track the price of gold. GLD’s investments are made globally, sourcing gold from recognized international gold markets.
Before making an investment decision an investor should carefully review GLD’s prospectus and risk factors.
Source of GLD Information
The information contained herein regarding GLD has been derived from publicly available sources, including GLD’s filings with the SEC. Investors should review GLD’s SEC filings, including its registration statement (prospectus), annual and quarterly reports, and other publicly available materials to obtain a more complete understanding of GLD’s operations, risks, and financial condition. The description of GLD’s principal investment strategies was drawn directly from GLD’s prospectus, dated October 4, 2022.
You can find GLD’s prospectus and other information about GLD, including the most recent periodic SEC reports, online by reference to the 1933 Act Registration File No. 333-267520 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
This document pertains solely to the securities offered by SPDR Gold Shares and does not concern the shares of other securities or ETFs. All disclosures in this document regarding GLD are based on publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”), or their respective affiliates have engaged in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or conducted any due diligence inquiries regarding such documents concerning GLD. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or other publicly available information regarding GLD is accurate or complete.
No assurance can be given that all events occurring prior to the date hereof, events that could affect the trading price of GLD and, consequently, the value of the Fund’s investments, have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of, or failure to disclose, material events concerning GLD could affect the market value of GLD and, accordingly, the value of the securities offered hereby.
The Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, and their respective affiliates do not provide any representation regarding the performance of GLD.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH SPDR GOLD TRUST, GLD, WORLD GOLD TRUST SERVICES, LLC, S&P DOW JONES INDICES LLC, OR STATE STREET CORPORATION. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, SPDR GOLD TRUST, GLD, WORLD GOLD TRUST SERVICES, LLC, S&P DOW JONES INDICES LLC, OR STATE STREET CORPORATION.
Moreover, none of SPDR Gold Trust, GLD, World Gold Trust Services, LLC, S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, or State Street Corporation has participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. None of SPDR Gold Trust, GLD, World Gold Trust Services, LLC, S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, or State Street Corporation selects or approves the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. None of SPDR Gold Trust, GLD, World Gold Trust Services, LLC, S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, or State Street Corporation provides any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by any of SPDR Gold Trust, GLD, World Gold Trust Services, LLC, S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, or State Street Corporation.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by SPDR Gold Trust, GLD, World Gold Trust Services, LLC, S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, or State Street Corporation, or any of their affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
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GLD Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of GLD. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of GLD, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of GLD, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | GLD Trading Risk. An investment in GLD is subject to substantial risks, in particular risks associated with investing in the gold market. GLD is subject to market fluctuations influenced by large-scale gold sales, especially during economic crises, which can adversely impact gold prices and, in turn, the investment value of the Shares. Historical instances, such as the 2008 financial crisis, demonstrated this volatility, where substantial gold sales led to a marked decrease in its market price. Moreover, large disposals of gold by the official sector – encompassing central banks and other government entities – could result in a supply surplus, potentially diminishing gold’s market value. The valuation of the gold held by GLD is closely tied to the LBMA Gold Price PM. This benchmark is established through a bidding process by various market participants and any inaccuracies in its calculation or modifications to the benchmark process could significantly impact the Trust’s gold valuation and the investment value in Shares. |
GLD faces significant custodial and safeguarding risks regarding its gold holdings. There is an inherent danger of these gold bars being lost, damaged, stolen, or becoming inaccessible due to factors such as natural disasters or terrorism. GLD does not insure its gold, and the insurance held by its custodian might not fully cover potential losses. The custodian’s liability is restricted to direct losses from negligence, fraud, or willful default, limited to the gold’s market value at the time of the incident, a constraint that also applies to any subcustodians. Additionally, legal and practical difficulties in foreign jurisdictions could complicate the enforcement of rights or claims. The custodian, not specifically regulated for gold bullion custody, relies on industry best practices and internal controls, which presents a security risk for GLD’s gold. Furthermore, gold in GLD’s unallocated accounts isn’t segregated from the custodian’s assets, thus in the event of the custodian’s insolvency, GLD would be an unsecured creditor, potentially leading to delays and extra costs in recovering allocated gold. These challenges in dealing with subcustodians and the potential complications in legal actions due to the lack of direct contractual arrangements and the intricacies of foreign legal systems highlight the significant custodial risks in investing in GLD Shares.
| ● | Indirect Investments in GLD. GLD is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with the offering of the Fund in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate action that might affect the value of Shares. GLD is not a registered investment company subject to the 1940 Act. Accordingly, investors in GLD (including the Fund via its indirect investments) do not have the protections expressly provided by that statute, including: provisions preventing GLD insiders from managing GLD to their benefit and to the detriment of shareholders; provisions preventing GLD from issuing securities having inequitable or discriminatory provisions; provisions preventing management by irresponsible persons; provisions preventing the use of unsound or misleading methods of computing GLD earnings and asset value; provisions prohibiting suspension of redemptions (except under limited circumstances); provisions limiting fund leverage; provisions imposing a fiduciary duty on fund managers with respect to receipt of compensation for services; and provisions preventing changes in GLD’s character without the consent of shareholders. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of GLD but will be exposed to the performance of GLD. Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the Underlying ETP but will be subject to declines in the performance of the Underlying ETP. Although the Fund invests in GLD only indirectly, the Fund’s investments are subject to loss as a result of these risks. |
| ● | Gold Performance Risk. Price movements in gold may fluctuate quickly and dramatically, have a historically low correlation with the returns of the stock and bond markets, and may not correlate to the price movements in other asset classes. The price of gold bullion can be significantly affected by international monetary and political developments such as currency devaluation or revaluation, central bank movements, economic and social conditions within a country, transactional or trade imbalances, or trade or currency restrictions between countries. Physical gold bullion has sales commission, storage, insurance and auditing expenses. Additional factors that impact the price of gold include, but are not limited to, overall market movements, changes in interest rates, changes in the global supply and demand for gold, the quantity of gold imports and exports, factors that impact gold production, such as drought, floods and weather conditions, technological advances in the processing and mining of gold and an increase in the hedging of precious metals, such as gold. Investments in gold generally may be speculative and subject to greater price volatility than investments in other types of assets. The price of metals, such as gold, is related to, among other things, worldwide metal prices and extraction and production costs. Worldwide metal prices may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time, and as a result, the Fund’s share price may be more volatile than other types of investments. |
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| ● | No 1940 Act Protections. The Underlying ETP is not an investment company subject to the 1940 Act. Accordingly, investors in the Underlying ETP do not have the protections expressly provided by that statute, including: provisions preventing Underlying ETP insiders from managing the Underlying ETP to their benefit and to the detriment of shareholders; provisions preventing the Underlying ETP from issuing securities having inequitable or discriminatory provisions; provisions preventing management by irresponsible persons; provisions preventing the use of unsound or misleading methods of computing Underlying ETP earnings and asset value; provisions prohibiting suspension of redemptions (except under limited circumstances); provisions limiting fund leverage; provisions imposing a fiduciary duty on fund managers with respect to receipt of compensation for services; and provisions preventing changes in the Underlying ETP’s character without the consent of shareholders. Although the Fund invests in the Underlying ETP only indirectly, the Fund’s investments are subject to loss as a result of these risks. |
Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying ETP and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETP, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying ETP prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying ETP declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETP, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
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The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
If the Underlying ETP experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or groups of industries, if any, to which the Underlying ETP is concentrated. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
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Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
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Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
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When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| 1 | |||
| Management Fee | % | ||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % | ||
| (1) | |
| (2) | |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the share price of the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF (the “GDX” or the “Underlying ETF”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
GDX is a passively managed ETF that seeks to track as closely as possible, before fees and expenses, the price and yield performance of a global gold miners index. From time to time, when the Adviser determines it necessary or appropriate (e.g., due to market, regulatory or operational constraints), the Fund may substitute for the Underlying ETF other pooled vehicles (i.e., other ETFs or exchange-traded products) with substantially similar investment objectives and strategies as the Underlying ETF (“Alternative Underlying ETPs”).
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Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying ETF
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying ETF directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETF through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying ETF (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying ETF, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying ETF, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying ETF. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying ETF over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying ETF with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying ETF declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or groups of industries, if any, to which the Underlying ETF is concentrated.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
GDX
GDX is a passively-managed ETF that normally invests at least 80% of its total assets in securities of the MarketVector™ Global Gold Miners Index (the “GDX Index”). The GDX Index includes domestic and foreign equity securities (and depositary receipts) of companies that are primarily involved in the gold and silver mining industry. To be initially eligible for the GDX Index, (i) companies must generate at least 50% (25% for current GDX Index components) of their revenues from gold and/or silver mining/royalties/streaming or have at least 50% (25% for current GDX Index components) of their mineral resources related to gold and/or silver, and (ii) all stocks must have a market capitalization of greater than $150 million as of the end of the month prior to the month in which a rebalancing date occurs. The weight of companies with less than 50% exposure to gold-related activities will not exceed 20% of the Index at rebalance. GDX invests in small- and medium-capitalization companies. As of July 31, 2025, the GDX Index contained 45 securities of companies with a market capitalization range of between approximately $1.5 billion and $69.1 billion and a weighted average market capitalization of $31.5 billion. Unlike many investment companies that try to “beat” the performance of a benchmark index, GDX does not try to “beat” its index and does not seek temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its investment objective. You can find GDX’s prospectus and other information about the ETF, including the most recent reports to shareholders, online by reference to the Investment Company Act File No. 811-10325 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
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The information in this prospectus regarding GDX comes from its filings with the SEC. You are urged to refer to the SEC filings made by GDX and to other publicly available information (e.g., the ETF’s annual reports) to obtain an understanding of the ETF’s business and financial prospects. The description of GDX’s principal investment strategies contained herein was taken directly from GDX’s prospectus, dated September 19, 2025.
This document relates only to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the shares of GDX or other securities of GDX. The Fund has derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding GDX from the publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), the Adviser or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or made any due diligence inquiry regarding such documents with respect to GDX. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding GDX is accurate or complete.
No assurance can be given that all events occurring prior to the date hereof, events that could affect the trading price of GDX and, consequently, the value of the Fund’s investments, have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of, or failure to disclose, material events concerning GDX could affect the market value of GDX and, accordingly, the value of the securities offered hereby.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of GDX.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH VANECK® ETF TRUST, GDX, OR VAN ECK ASSOCIATES CORPORATION. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, VANECK® ETF TRUST, GDX, OR VAN ECK ASSOCIATES CORPORATION.
Moreover, none of VanEck® ETF Trust, GDX, or VanEck Associates Corporation has participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. None of VanEck® ETF Trust, GDX, or VanEck Associates Corporation selects or approves the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. None of VanEck® ETF Trust, GDX, or VanEck Associates Corporation provides any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by any of VanEck® ETF Trust, GDX, or VanEck Associates Corporation.
Due to the Fund’s investment strategy, the Fund’s investment exposure is concentrated in the same industry or group of industries, if any, as GDX. In turn, to the extent GDX’s Index is concentrated in a particular industry, GDX is expected to be concentrated in that industry. As of July 31, 2025, the gold mining industry represented a significant portion of GDX.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by VanEck® ETF Trust, GDX, or VanEck Associates Corporation, or any of their affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
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Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
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GDX Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of an ETF, specifically GDX. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of GDX, as well as the types of instruments in which GDX invests, even though it does not. The value of GDX will fluctuate over time based on fluctuations in the values of the securities held by GDX, which may be affected by changes in general economic conditions, expectations for future growth and profits, interest rates and the supply and demand for those securities. Brokerage, tax and other expenses may negatively impact the performance of GDX and, in turn, the value of the Fund’s shares. Since GDX is an ETF, it is also subject to the same structural risks as the Fund, which is an ETF. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of GDX, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Risk of Investing in Gold and Silver Mining Companies. The Fund is exposed indirectly to gold and silver mining companies selected by GDX’s investment adviser, which subjects the Fund to the risks associated with such companies. GDX will be sensitive to, and its performance will depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of gold and silver mining companies. Investments related to gold and silver are considered speculative and are affected by a variety of factors. Competitive pressures may have a significant effect on the financial condition of gold and silver mining companies. Also, gold and silver mining companies are highly dependent on the price of gold and silver bullion, respectively, and may be adversely affected by a variety of worldwide economic, financial and political factors. The price of gold and silver may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time so GDX’s, and therefore the Fund’s, Share price may be more volatile than other types of investments. Fluctuation in the prices of gold and silver may be due to a number of factors, including changes in inflation, changes in currency exchange rates and changes in industrial and commercial demand for metals (including fabricator demand). Additionally, increased environmental or labor costs may depress the value of metal investments. |
| ● | Special Risk Considerations of Investing in Canadian Issuers. The Fund is exposed indirectly to Canadian issuers selected by GDX’s investment adviser, which subjects the Fund to the risks associated with such companies. Investments in securities of Canadian issuers, including issuers located outside of Canada that generate significant revenue from Canada, involve risks and special considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities markets. The Canadian economy is very dependent on the demand for, and supply and price of, natural resources. The Canadian market is relatively concentrated in issuers involved in the production and distribution of natural resources. There is a risk that any changes in natural resources sectors could have an adverse impact on the Canadian economy. Additionally, the Canadian economy is heavily dependent on relationships with certain key trading partners including the United States, countries in the European Union and China. Because the United States is Canada’s largest trading partner and foreign investor, the Canadian economy is dependent on and may be significantly affected by the U.S. economy. Reduction in spending on Canadian products and services or changes in the U.S. economy may adversely impact the Canadian economy. Trade agreements may further increase Canada’s dependency on the U.S. economy, and uncertainty as to future trade agreements may cause a decline in the value of GDX’s, and therefore the Fund’s, Shares. Past periodic demands by the Province of Quebec for sovereignty have significantly affected equity valuations and foreign currency movements in the Canadian market and such demands may have this effect in the future. In addition, certain sectors of Canada’s economy may be subject to foreign ownership limitations. This may negatively impact GDX’s, and therefore the Fund’s, ability to invest in Canadian issuers and to track the Gold Miners Index. |
| ● | Special Risk Considerations of Investing in Australian Issuers. The Fund is exposed indirectly to Australian issuers selected by GDX’s investment adviser, which subjects the Fund to the risks associated with such companies. Investments in securities of Australian issuers involve risks and special considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities markets. The Australian economy is heavily dependent on exports from the agriculture and mining industries. This makes the Australian economy susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. Australia is also dependent on trading with key trading partners. |
| ● | Special Risk Considerations of Investing in African Issuers. Investing in securities of African issuers, including companies outside Africa that derive significant revenue from the continent, involves risks not typically associated with U.S. markets. These risks include political instability, government intervention, confiscatory taxation, armed conflict, terrorism, infectious disease outbreaks, and social unrest. Additionally, Africa is prone to natural disasters and economic volatility tied to environmental events. Its securities markets are underdeveloped and often less correlated with global economic cycles. Some African nations are classified as “frontier markets,” which have smaller economies and less developed capital markets, making them particularly susceptible to market volatility, illiquidity, inflation, and trading restrictions. Moreover, certain African economies are heavily dependent on commodity exports such as oil, gold, and agricultural products, making them vulnerable to price fluctuations. Foreign investment restrictions, government controls, and additional taxation further heighten investment risks. |
| ● | These factors make investing in African issuers significantly riskier than investing in developed markets, potentially impacting the value of GDX’s shares. Capital repatriation restrictions and currency fluctuations, especially in countries with currencies pegged to the U.S. dollar, can further complicate investment returns. Delays or limitations on converting and repatriating funds may reduce liquidity and hinder GDX’s ability to meet its investment objectives. In times of market stress, GDX may need to suspend redemptions or limit new creations of shares, leading to significant premiums or discounts in trading prices. Prolonged redemption pressures could increase transaction costs and result in higher taxable distributions. Additionally, the presence of illiquid assets in GDX’s portfolio may make valuation more challenging. |
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| ● | Risk of Investing in Foreign Securities. The Fund is exposed indirectly to the securities of foreign issuers selected by GDX’s investment adviser, which subjects the Fund to the risks associated with such companies. Investments in the securities of foreign issuers involve risks beyond those associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional risks include greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable financial information, higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign governments, decreased market liquidity and political instability. Because certain foreign securities markets may be limited in size, the activity of large traders may have an undue influence on the prices of securities that trade in such markets. GDX, and therefore the Fund, invests in securities of issuers located in countries whose economies are heavily dependent upon trading with key partners. Any reduction in this trading may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s investments. |
| ● | Risk of Investing in Emerging Market Issuers. The Fund is exposed indirectly to the securities of emerging market issuers selected by GDX’s investment adviser, which subjects the Fund to the risks associated with such companies. Investments in securities of emerging market issuers are exposed to a number of risks that may make these investments volatile in price or difficult to trade. Emerging markets are more likely than developed markets to experience problems with the clearing and settling of trades, as well as the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Political risks may include unstable governments, nationalization, restrictions on foreign ownership, laws that prevent investors from getting their money out of a country and legal systems that do not protect property rights as well as the laws of the United States. Market risks may also include economies that concentrate in only a few industries, securities issues that are held by only a few investors, liquidity issues and limited trading capacity in local exchanges and the possibility that markets or issues may be manipulated by foreign nationals who have inside information. The frequency, availability and quality of financial information about investments in emerging markets varies. GDX, and therefore the Fund, has limited rights and few practical remedies in emerging markets and the ability of U.S. authorities to bring enforcement actions in emerging markets may be limited, and GDX’s, and therefore the Fund’s, passive investment approach does not take account of these risks. All of these factors can make emerging market securities more volatile and potentially less liquid than securities issued in more developed markets. |
| ● | Risk of Investing in Depositary Receipts. The Fund may be exposed indirectly to depositary receipts selected by GDX’s investment adviser, which subjects the Fund to the risks associated with such depositary receipts. GDX, and therefore the Fund, may invest in depositary receipts which involve similar risks to those associated with investments in foreign securities. Depositary receipts are receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges issued by banks or trust companies that entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on the underlying foreign shares. Investments in depositary receipts may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market and, if not included in the Gold Miners Index, may negatively affect GDX’s, and therefore the Fund’s, ability to replicate the performance of the Gold Miners Index. The issuers of depositary receipts may discontinue issuing new depositary receipts and withdraw existing depositary receipts at any time, which may result in costs and delays in the distribution of the underlying assets to GDX, and therefore the Fund, and may negatively impact GDX’s, and therefore the Fund’s, performance and GDX’s, and therefore the Fund’s, ability to replicate/track the performance of its Index. |
| ● | Risk of Investing in Small- and Medium-Capitalization Companies. The Fund is exposed indirectly to small- and medium-capitalization companies selected by GDX’s investment adviser, which subjects the Fund to the risks associated with such companies. Small- and medium-capitalization companies may be more volatile and more likely than large-capitalization companies to have narrower product lines, fewer financial resources, less management depth and experience and less competitive strength. In addition, these companies often have greater price volatility, lower trading volume and less liquidity than larger more established companies. Returns on investments in securities of small- and medium-capitalization companies could trail the returns on investments in securities of large-capitalization companies. |
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| ● | Equity Securities Risk. The Fund is exposed indirectly to the equity securities of companies selected by GDX’s investment adviser, which subjects the Fund to the risks associated with such companies. The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the markets in which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors relating to specific issuers in which the Fund invests. Equity securities are subordinated to preferred securities and debt in a company’s capital structure with respect to priority in right to a share of corporate income, and therefore will be subject to greater dividend risk than preferred securities or debt instruments. In addition, while broad market measures of equity securities have historically generated higher average returns than fixed income securities, equity securities have generally also experienced significantly more volatility in those returns, although under certain market conditions fixed income securities may have comparable or greater price volatility. |
| ● | Foreign Currency Risk. The Fund is subject to foreign currency risk indirectly due to GDX’s investments. Because all or a portion of the income received by GDX from its investments and/or the revenues received by the underlying issuer will generally be denominated in foreign currencies, GDX’s exposure to foreign currencies and changes in the value of foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may result in reduced returns for GDX (and therefore the Fund), and the value of certain foreign currencies may be subject to a high degree of fluctuation. Moreover, GDX may incur costs in connection with conversions between U.S. dollars and foreign currencies. |
| ● | Operational Risk. GDX is exposed to operational risks arising from human error, processing and communication failures, errors by service providers, counterparties, or third parties, as well as inadequate processes, technology malfunctions, or system failures. |
| ● | Index Tracking Risk. GDX’s returns may not match those of the Index due to operating expenses, transaction costs, and regulatory or market disruptions. Errors in Index data, computation, or methodology may further impact performance. Tracking error may increase due to rebalancing costs, ad hoc Index changes, legal restrictions, liquidity issues, adverse tax consequences, and regulatory limitations. The use of depositary receipts, fair value pricing, currency convertibility issues, and withholding taxes may also contribute to tracking deviations. Market volatility, reliance on borrowings for redemptions, and tax-related securities sales could further increase tracking risk. As a result, GDX’s returns may deviate significantly from those of the Index, particularly during periods of rebalancing or reconstitution. |
| ● | Passive Management Risk. GDX is not actively managed, meaning it generally does not sell securities unless they are removed from the Index, even if an issuer is in financial distress. If a security is removed, GDX may be forced to sell it at an unfavorable time or price. GDX is exposed to market fluctuations caused by economic and political events, interest rate changes, and broader market trends. The Index may not always reflect an optimal mix of securities for all economic conditions, and delays in scheduled rebalancing could further impact performance. Unlike actively managed funds, GDX does not employ defensive strategies to mitigate market volatility, potentially leading to underperformance during adverse market conditions. |
| ● | Non-Diversified and Index-Related Concentration Risks. As a non-diversified fund, GDX may have a higher concentration of assets in fewer issuers, making it more volatile than diversified funds. A significant gain or loss in a single investment may have an outsized impact on GDX’s net asset value. Additionally, GDX’s portfolio may be concentrated in specific sectors or industries based on the Index’s composition. This increases the risk that adverse developments in those sectors or industries could negatively impact GDX more than a fund with broader diversification. |
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Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying ETF and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETF, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying ETF prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying ETF declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETF, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
If the Underlying ETF experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
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Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or groups of industries, if any, to which the Underlying ETF is concentrated. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
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Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
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Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to Shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| 1 | |||
| Management Fee | % | ||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % | ||
| (1) | |
| (2) | |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the share price of the iShares Silver Trust (the “SLV” or the “Underlying ETP”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
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SLV is a passive, single-asset investment vehicle that, under normal circumstances, predominantly holds silver bullion. SLV is not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and is not subject to the same regulatory requirements applicable to registered investment companies. From time to time, when the Adviser determines it necessary or appropriate (e.g., due to market, regulatory or operational constraints), the Fund may substitute for the Underlying ETP other pooled vehicles (i.e., other ETFs or exchange-traded products) with substantially similar investment objectives and strategies as the Underlying ETP (“Alternative Underlying ETPs”).
Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying ETP
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying ETP directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETP through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying ETP (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying ETP, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying ETP, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying ETP. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying ETP over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying ETP with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying ETP declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or groups of industries, if any, to which the Underlying ETP is concentrated.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
iShares Silver Trust - SLV
iShares Silver Trust’s (“SLV”) is a grantor trust and its investment objective is to reflect generally the performance of the price of Silver, before payment of SLV’s expenses and liabilities. SLV is a passively-managed fund that primarily invests in Silver and may also hold cash. The investment strategy of SLV involves holding Silver bullion, which is stored in secure vaults. SLV is listed on the NYSE Arca stock exchange.
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SLV’s shares are backed by SLV’s assets. SLV’s arrangements with its custodian contemplate that at the end of each business day there can be in SLV’s account maintained by the custodian no more than 1100 ounces of silver in an unallocated form. Accordingly, the bulk of SLV’s silver holdings is represented by physical silver, identified on the custodian’s books in allocated and unallocated accounts on behalf of SLV.
Investors can access information about SLV, including its prospectus and the most recent shareholder reports, online through the SEC’s website, using SEC Registration Nos. 333-191498 and 001-32863. This information, derived from SLV’s filings with the SEC, is essential for investors to understand SLV’s operations, investment strategy, and financial prospects. The description of SLV’s principal investment strategies as outlined here is directly sourced from its prospectus.
This document pertains solely to the securities offered by SLV and does not concern the shares of other securities or ETFs. All disclosures in this document regarding SLV are based on publicly available documents. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), or Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) or their respective affiliates have engaged in the preparation of such publicly available offering documents or conducted any due diligence inquiries relating to such documents concerning SLV. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation that such publicly available documents or other publicly available information regarding SLV is accurate or complete.
No assurance can be given that all events occurring prior to the date hereof, events that could affect the trading price of SLV and, consequently, the value of the Fund’s investments, have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of, or failure to disclose, material events concerning SLV could affect the market value of SLV and, accordingly, the value of the securities offered hereby.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of SLV.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH ISHARES® SILVER TRUST, ISHARES® DELAWARE TRUST SPONSOR LLC, OR BLACKROCK, INC. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, OR APPROVED BY, ISHARES® SILVER TRUST, ISHARES® DELAWARE TRUST SPONSOR LLC, OR BLACKROCK, INC.
Moreover, none of iShares® Silver Trust, iShares® Delaware Trust Sponsor LLC, or Blackrock, Inc. has participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy. None of iShares® Silver Trust, iShares® Delaware Trust Sponsor LLC, or Blackrock, Inc. selects or approves the Fund’s portfolio holdings, nor does it participate in the construction, design, or implementation of the Fund. None of iShares® Silver Trust, iShares® Delaware Trust Sponsor LLC, or Blackrock, Inc. provides any assurances, guarantees, or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by any of iShares® Silver Trust, iShares® Delaware Trust Sponsor LLC, or Blackrock, Inc.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by iShares® Silver Trust, iShares® Delaware Trust Sponsor LLC, or Blackrock, Inc., or any of their affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
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SLV Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of SLV. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of SLV, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of SLV, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | SLV Trading Risk. An investment in SLV is subject to various risks, notably those linked to the dynamics and perception of the LBMA Silver Price. The LBMA, or London Bullion Market Association, plays a crucial role in setting the benchmark for silver prices. It is an international trade association representing the London market for gold and silver bullion, which has a major influence on the global bullion markets. The LBMA Silver Price, determined through an electronic auction managed by ICE Benchmark Administration, is central to the Trust’s valuation and operation. However, potential electronic failures or concerns about the LBMA Silver Price being susceptible to manipulation could lead to delays or inaccuracies in the auction price. This uncertainty could affect the Trust’s valuation of its silver holdings, the calculation of fees, and the pricing of silver sales. Moreover, a loss of confidence in the fairness or integrity of the LBMA Silver Price could change investor behavior, thereby impacting the overall silver market and the value of the shares. |
SLV’s exclusive investment in silver heightens its volatility compared to more diversified portfolios. Silver prices, which SLV’s net asset value closely tracks, have historically experienced significant and unpredictable fluctuations. SLV is a speculative investment, suitable primarily for those who can absorb potential losses. The physical silver market’s supply and demand dynamics can further complicate this investment. For example, if the demand for silver exceeds the available supply that meets SLV’s standards, it could obstruct the issuance of new shares. Such a supply-demand mismatch may lead to increased volatility in the share price and a significant divergence from the net asset value. This scenario highlights the speculative nature of silver investments and emphasizes the need for investors to be cognizant of the potential for substantial losses or gains, influenced by market conditions and the inherent volatility of silver.
| ● | Indirect Investments in SLV. SLV is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with the offering of the Fund in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate action that might affect the value of Shares. SLV is not a registered investment company subject to the 1940 Act. Accordingly, investors in SLV (including the Fund via its indirect investments) do not have the protections expressly provided by that statute, including: provisions preventing SLV insiders from managing SLV to their benefit and to the detriment of shareholders; provisions preventing SLV from issuing securities having inequitable or discriminatory provisions; provisions preventing management by irresponsible persons; provisions preventing the use of unsound or misleading methods of computing SLV earnings and asset value; provisions prohibiting suspension of redemptions (except under limited circumstances); provisions limiting fund leverage; provisions imposing a fiduciary duty on fund managers with respect to receipt of compensation for services; and provisions preventing changes in SLV’s character without the consent of shareholders. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of SLV but will be exposed to the performance of SLV. Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the Underlying ETP but will be subject to declines in the performance of the Underlying ETP. Although the Fund invests in SLV only indirectly, the Fund’s investments are subject to loss as a result of these risks. |
| ● | SLV Performance Risk. The iShares Silver Trust may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of SLV to decline. The iShares Silver Trust provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance the iShares Silver Trust provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If iShares Silver Trust’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by iShares Silver Trust could decline significantly. |
| ● | Following an investment in the iShares Silver Trust, several factors may have the effect of causing a decline in the prices of silver and a corresponding decline in the price of the shares. Among them: (i) A change in economic conditions, such as a recession, can adversely affect the price of silver. Silver is used in a wide range of industrial applications, and an economic downturn could have a negative impact on its demand and, consequently, its price and the price of the shares. (ii) A significant change in the attitude of speculators and investors towards silver. Should the speculative community take a negative view towards silver, a decline in world silver prices could occur, negatively impacting the price of the shares. (iii) A significant increase in silver price hedging activity by silver producers. Traditionally, silver producers have not hedged to the same extent as other producers of precious metals (gold, for example) do. Should there be an increase in the level of hedge activity of silver producing companies, it could cause a decline in world silver prices, adversely affecting the price of the shares. |
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| ● | No 1940 Act Protections. The Underlying ETP is not an investment company subject to the 1940 Act. Accordingly, investors in the Underlying ETP do not have the protections expressly provided by that statute, including: provisions preventing Underlying ETP insiders from managing the Underlying ETP to their benefit and to the detriment of shareholders; provisions preventing the Underlying ETP from issuing securities having inequitable or discriminatory provisions; provisions preventing management by irresponsible persons; provisions preventing the use of unsound or misleading methods of computing Underlying ETP earnings and asset value; provisions prohibiting suspension of redemptions (except under limited circumstances); provisions limiting fund leverage; provisions imposing a fiduciary duty on fund managers with respect to receipt of compensation for services; and provisions preventing changes in the Underlying ETP’s character without the consent of shareholders. Although the Fund invests in the Underlying ETP only indirectly, the Fund’s investments are subject to loss as a result of these risks. |
Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying ETP and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETP, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying ETP prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying ETP declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETP, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
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If the Underlying ETP experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or groups of industries, if any, to which the Underlying ETP is concentrated. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
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Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
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Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to Shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
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Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| 1 | |||
| Management Fee | % | ||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % | ||
| (1) | |
| (2) | |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the share price of the Solana ETF (“SOLZ” or the “Underlying ETF”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
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SOLZ is an actively managed ETF that seeks to participate in 100% of the returns of Solana. From time to time, when the Adviser determines it necessary or appropriate (e.g., due to market, regulatory or operational constraints), the Fund may substitute for the Underlying ETF other pooled vehicles (i.e., other ETFs or exchange-traded products) with substantially similar investment objectives and strategies as the Underlying ETF (“Alternative Underlying ETPs”).
The Fund does not invest directly in Solana or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest directly in derivatives that track the performance of Solana or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest in or seek direct exposure to the current “spot” or cash price of Solana. Investors seeking direct exposure to the price of Solana should consider an investment other than the Fund. For additional details about bitcoin and the Solana blockchain, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying ETF
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying ETF directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETF through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying ETF (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying ETF, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying ETF, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying ETF. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying ETF over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying ETF with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying ETF declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or groups of industries, if any, to which the Underlying ETF is concentrated.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
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Solana ETF - SOLZ
The Solana ETF (“SOLZ”) is an actively managed ETF that seeks to achieve its investment objective primarily though managed exposure to SOL futures contracts that trade only on an exchange registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“Solana Futures Contracts”), and cash, cash-like instruments or high quality securities that serve as collateral to the Fund’s investments in Solana Futures Contracts (“Collateral Investments”). In seeking its investment objective, the Fund seeks to participate in 100% of the returns of SOL.
Before making an investment decision an investor should carefully review SOLZ’s prospectus and risk factors.
Source of SOLZ Information
You can find SOLZ’s prospectus and other information about the ETF, including the most recent reports to shareholders, online by reference to the Investment Company Act File No. 811-23785 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
The information in this prospectus regarding SOLZ comes from its filings with the SEC. You are urged to refer to the SEC filings made by SOLZ and to other publicly available information (e.g., the ETF’s annual reports) to obtain an understanding of the ETF’s strategy and risks. The description of SOLZ’s principal investment strategies contained herein was taken directly from SOLZ’s prospectus, dated May 20, 2025.
This document relates solely to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the shares of SOLZ or other securities of SOLZ. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering materials or made any due diligence inquiry with respect to such documents. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation as to the accuracy or completeness of the available documents or other publicly available information.
No assurance can be given that all events occurring prior to the date hereof, events that could affect the trading price of SOLZ and, consequently, the value of the Fund’s investments, have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of, or failure to disclose, material events concerning SOLZ could affect the market value of SOLZ and, accordingly, the value of the securities offered hereby.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation as to the performance of SOLZ.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH SOLZ, VOLATILITY SHARES LLC, OR VOLATILITY SHARES TRUST. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED OR APPROVED BY SOLZ, VOLATILITY SHARES LLC, OR VOLATILITY SHARES TRUST.
Moreover, none of SOLZ, Volatility Shares LLC, or Volatility Shares Trust has participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy, selections of portfolio holdings, or design of the Fund’s offering. None provides any assurances, guarantees or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by SOLZ, Volatility Shares LLC, or Volatility Shares Trust.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by SOLZ, Volatility Shares LLC, or Volatility Shares Trust, or any of their affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
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SOLZ Risks. The Fund invests in instruments based on the value of SOLZ. The Fund is therefore subject to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of SOLZ, as well as the risks associated with the assets held by SOLZ, even though the Fund does not hold those assets directly. The value of SOLZ will fluctuate with the price of SOL, which is influenced by regulatory developments, technology changes, network adoption, competition, supply/demand dynamics in the Solana ecosystem, investor sentiment and other factors. Brokerage, custody, management fees and other expenses may negatively impact SOLZ’s performance and thereby the value of the Fund’s shares.
| ● |
Solana Futures Contracts and Rolling Risk. Solana futures are cash-settled instruments with specified expirations, requiring SOLZ to “roll” positions into later-dated contracts as near-month contracts approach expiration. Markets for Solana futures may experience contango (longer-dated contracts priced higher than near-dated contracts) or backwardation (the opposite), either of which can cause the SOLZ’s performance to diverge from the spot price of SOL. In periods of contango—historically pronounced for certain digital-asset futures—SOLZ may incur persistent negative roll yield by selling lower-priced expiring contracts and buying higher-priced later-dated contracts, which can materially depress NAV and total return, particularly when investing in back-month contracts.
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| ● | Futures Market and Leverage Risk. Futures trading involves risks that include imperfect correlation with the reference asset; limited secondary-market liquidity; the potential inability to close positions when desired; and losses from unanticipated market movements. Because margin requirements are typically a fraction of the notional value, futures create embedded leverage: small adverse price moves can produce outsized losses (including losses exceeding the amount initially invested in the contract) and require daily variation margin payments at times when SOLZ may have limited cash. Rapid selling to meet margin or risk limits may result in unfavorable execution prices. |
| ● | Position Limits, Price Limits, and Market Disruptions. Solana futures are subject to CFTC and exchange-imposed position limits designed to curb excessive speculation, as well as price limits that restrict intraday trading ranges and may halt trading. If limits are reached or if liquidity is otherwise constrained—due to market disruptions, accountability levels, FCM restrictions, or margin changes—SOLZ may be unable to transact in Solana futures as intended. In such circumstances, the Adviser may, in SOLZ’s best interests and subject to then-current facts and circumstances, use Solana-linked instruments other than futures, adjust or suspend creations, require EFRP-based creations/redemptions, apply variable transaction fees, or de-lever the portfolio relative to its investment objective. |
| ● | Regulatory and Instrument-Selection Risk. The legal status of digital assets continues to evolve. A judicial or regulatory determination that SOL is a “security” under the federal securities laws could adversely affect SOL’s value and, depending on the circumstances, could require SOLZ to alter operations materially or liquidate. SOLZ may also seek exposure through Solana-linked ETPs, swaps, and other derivatives, each of which entails additional risks— including management fees and tracking differences for ETPs; counterparty and valuation risk for swaps; and potential increases in correlation error versus SOL. Transaction costs, position limits, counterparty availability, and structural features of non-futures instruments can further reduce correlation with SOL and impede achievement of SOLZ’s objective. |
| ● | Liquidity, Counterparty, and Clearing Risks. The Solana futures market may experience periods of limited liquidity, during which it could be difficult or impossible to enter, liquidate, or adjust positions at reasonable prices or sizes. SOLZ is exposed to the credit and operational risks of futures commission merchants and clearinghouses; an FCM or clearinghouse failure, shortfall, or non-compliance with segregation rules could result in loss of posted margin and unrealized gains and prolonged recovery periods. Centrally cleared derivatives concentrate risk in a small number of clearing entities, and applicable resolution regimes could impair SOLZ’s ability to exercise remedies or realize on collateral. |
| ● | Operational, Trading, and Market Structure Risks. Active management, frequent rolling of futures, and rebalancing activity may increase transaction costs, contribute to market impact, and lead to tracking differences or underperformance. Shares may trade at a premium or discount to NAV, particularly during market stress or when AP or market-maker participation is limited, widening bid-ask spreads and impairing secondary-market liquidity. Additional risks applicable to SOLZ’s operations include valuation risk (for instruments priced other than by quoted market trades), new-fund risk, non-diversification risk, cybersecurity and other operational risks, the use of reverse repurchase agreements and collateral investments (with associated interest-rate and credit risks), and potential tax risks related to SOLZ’s structure and its use of a controlled foreign subsidiary to obtain futures exposure. |
SOL Risks. The Fund’s investment strategy, involving indirect exposure to Solana is subject to uncertainties, and potential financial losses. SOL and SOL-related investments are relatively new and subject to unique and substantial risks. SOL has historically been subject to significant price volatility and the value of an investment in the Fund could decline rapidly and significantly. The performance of SOL-related investments, and therefore the performance of the Fund, may differ significantly from the performance of SOL. As with all investments, there is no assurance of profit, and investors should be cognizant of these specific risks associated with SOL and SOL-related investments:
| ● | SOL is a relatively new innovation and is subject to unique and substantial risks. SOL operates as a decentralized, peer-to-peer financial trading platform and value storage that is used like money. However, it has no central governmental or banking authority, is not backed by any government and not a legal tender. The markets for SOL and SOL-related Investments may be less liquid and more volatile than other markets for more established products. It may be difficult to execute a SOL trade at a specific price when there is a relatively small volume of buy and sell orders in the SOL market. A market disruption can also make it more difficult to liquidate a position or find a suitable counterparty at a reasonable cost. |
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| ● | The market for SOL is subject to rapid price swings, changes and uncertainty. A significant portion of the demand for SOL may be the result of speculation. The value of SOL has been, and may continue to be, substantially dependent on speculation. Such speculation regarding the potential future appreciation of the price of SOL may artificially inflate or deflate the price of SOL and increase volatility. A significant portion of SOL is held by a small number of holders sometimes referred to as “whales.” Transactions by these holders may influence the price of SOL and these holders may have the ability to manipulate the price of SOL. | |
| ● | The further development of the SOL Network and the acceptance and use of SOL may be subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. The slowing, stopping or reversing of the development of the SOL Network or the acceptance of SOL may adversely affect the price and liquidity of SOL. |
| ● | If one or a coordinated group of validators were to gain control of a significant proportion of SOL, they could (depending on the proportion of control gained), impede, reverse or prevent confirmation of transactions, causing a fork in the blockchain that could result in one portion of the network running the pre-modification software and the other portion of the network running the modified software – an event that could negatively impact the value of SOL and in turn the value of the Fund. Gaining such control over the network could also result in manipulation of the blockchain and cast doubt on new SOL transactions on the Solana Network. | |
| ● | SOL is subject to the risk of fraud, theft, manipulation, securities failures, and operational or other problems that impact SOL trading venues. Unlike the exchanges for more traditional assets, such as equity securities and established futures contracts, SOL and SOL trading venues are largely unregulated and may be operating out of compliance with applicable regulation. As a result of the lack of regulation, individuals or groups may engage in fraud or market manipulation (including using social media to promote SOL in a way that may artificially increase the price of SOL). Investors may be more exposed to the risk of theft, fraud, market manipulation, and operational failures than when investing in more traditional asset classes. Over the past several years, the Solana Network has reportedly suffered multiple network outages including those arising from software problems, security vulnerabilities, and denial of service and bot attacks. Similarly, software and wallets employed by users and validators to access the Solana Network and transact in SOL may suffer from fraud, theft, disruptions, glitches or other problems negatively impacting the value of SOL and SOL-related Investments. Investors in SOL SOL-related Investments may have little or no recourse should such theft, fraud, manipulation or other problems occur and could suffer significant losses. |
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● | Legal or regulatory changes may negatively impact the operation of the Solana Network and Protocol or restrict the use of Solana. For example, if SOL were determined or were expected to be determined to be offered and sold as a security under the federal securities laws, it is possible certain trading venues would no longer facilitate trading in SOL, trading in SOL-related Investments may become significantly more volatile and/or completely halted, and the value of an investment in the Fund could decline significantly and without warning, including to zero. |
The realization of any of these risks could result in a decline in the acceptance of SOL and consequently a reduction in the value of SOL, SOL-related Investments, and the Fund.
Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying ETF and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
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Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETF, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying ETF prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying ETF declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETF, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
If the Underlying ETF experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
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Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or groups of industries, if any, to which the Underlying ETF is concentrated. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
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Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
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Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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SUMMARY INFORMATION
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| 1 | |||
| Management Fee | % | ||
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |||
| Other Expenses(2) (includes interest expense) | % | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % | ||
| (1) | |
| (2) | |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years |
| $ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks (i) to generate income and (ii) capital appreciation. The Fund’s strategy combines (1) synthetic long exposure to the share price of the XRP ETF (“XRPI” or the “Underlying ETF”), and (2) the use of options strategies designed to generate options premiums. The Fund will also maintain an allocation to cash, money market funds, or U.S. Treasuries (generally 50% to 100% of assets) to provide liquidity, serve as margin, and collateralize its derivative positions.
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XRPI is an actively managed ETF that seeks to participate in 100% of the returns of the crypto asset XRP. From time to time, when the Adviser determines it necessary or appropriate (e.g., due to market, regulatory or operational constraints), the Fund may substitute for the Underlying ETF other pooled vehicles (i.e., other ETFs or exchange-traded products) with substantially similar investment objectives and strategies as the Underlying ETF (“Alternative Underlying ETPs”).
The Fund does not invest directly in XRP or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest directly in derivatives that track the performance of XRP or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest in or seek direct exposure to the current “spot” or cash price of XRP. Investors seeking direct exposure to the price of XRP should consider an investment other than the Fund. For additional details about bitcoin and the XRP blockchain, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Synthetic Exposure to the Underlying ETF
Rather than purchasing shares of the Underlying ETF directly, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by establishing synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETF through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on the Underlying ETF (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing the Underlying ETF, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. These instruments are designed to provide economic exposure comparable to that of directly holding the Underlying ETF, as their values generally move in close correlation with the price of the Underlying ETF. Through these positions, the Fund seeks to maintain investment exposure approximately equal to 100% of the Underlying ETF over the term of the contracts. However, tracking differences may occur prior to expiration.
Options Strategies – Seeking Premiums
Separately, the Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. The primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on the Underlying ETF with weekly or shorter expirations.
By selling put spreads, the Fund receives premiums from counterparties that pay for the right to sell at a specified price. These premiums are an important driver of the Fund’s cash distributions. The Adviser typically executes one or more option trades each week as part of this strategy, although actual results will vary and are not guaranteed.
Selling put spreads exposes the Fund to potential losses if the price of the Underlying ETF declines between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts. While option selling can generate recurring premiums, it also increases downside risk. The Adviser may adjust strike levels, frequency, or other parameters of the options strategy based on market conditions and volatility.
The Fund’s options activity is expected to result in high portfolio turnover. For additional details about the Fund’s options strategies, see the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds.”
Cash Distributions
The Fund seeks to provide cash distributions on a twice weekly basis. Options premiums earned through the Fund’s options strategies contribute to the Fund’s cash distributions. Actual distribution amounts will vary based on market conditions, realized option premiums, and Fund performance.
Distributions may include income, capital gains, and/or a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC generally represents a return of an investor’s own capital rather than income generated by the Fund’s investments. If the Fund’s returns are insufficient to meet its targeted distribution levels, distributions will reduce the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). See the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for further details on ROC and option premiums.
Additional Fund Attributes
The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means that the Fund may invest a high percentage of its assets in a fewer number of issuers.
The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or groups of industries, if any, to which the Underlying ETF is concentrated.
There is no guarantee that the Fund’s investment strategy will be successful, and investors may lose some or all of their investment.
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XRP ETF - XRPI
The XRP ETF (“XRPI”) is an actively managed ETF that seeks to achieve its investment objective primarily though managed exposure to XRP futures contracts that trade only on an exchange registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“XRP Futures Contracts”), and cash, cash-like instruments or high quality securities that serve as collateral to the Fund’s investments in XRP Futures Contracts (“Collateral Investments”). In seeking its investment objective, the Fund seeks to participate in 100% of the returns of XRP. XRP is a digital asset which serves as the unit of account on an open-source, decentralized, peer-to-peer computer ledger, referred to as the “XRP Ledger.” Refer to the prospectus section titled “Additional Information About the Funds” for more information on XRP.
Before making an investment decision an investor should carefully review XRPI’s prospectus and risk factors.
Source of XRPI Information
You can find XRPI’s prospectus and other information about the ETF, including the most recent reports to shareholders, online by reference to the Investment Company Act File No. 811-23785 through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
The information in this prospectus regarding XRPI comes from its filings with the SEC. You are urged to refer to the SEC filings made by XRPI and to other publicly available information (e.g., the ETF’s annual reports) to obtain an understanding of the ETF’s strategy and risks. The description of XRPI’s principal investment strategies contained herein was taken directly from XRPI’s prospectus, dated May 21, 2025.
This document relates solely to the securities offered hereby and does not relate to the shares of XRPI or other securities of XRPI. None of the Fund, Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), the Adviser, or their respective affiliates has participated in the preparation of such publicly available offering materials or made any due diligence inquiry with respect to such documents. None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation as to the accuracy or completeness of the available documents or other publicly available information.
No assurance can be given that all events occurring prior to the date hereof, events that could affect the trading price of XRPI and, consequently, the value of the Fund’s investments, have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of, or failure to disclose, material events concerning XRPI could affect the market value of XRPI and, accordingly, the value of the securities offered hereby.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates makes any representation as to the performance of XRPI.
NONE OF THE FUND, TIDAL TRUST II, OR TIDAL INVESTMENTS LLC IS AFFILIATED, CONNECTED, OR ASSOCIATED WITH XRPI, VOLATILITY SHARES LLC, OR VOLATILITY SHARES TRUST. THE FUND WAS NOT DEVELOPED OR CREATED BY, AND IS NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED OR APPROVED BY XRPI, VOLATILITY SHARES LLC, OR VOLATILITY SHARES TRUST.
Moreover, none of XRPI, Volatility Shares LLC, or Volatility Shares Trust has participated in the development of the Fund’s investment strategy, selections of portfolio holdings, or design of the Fund’s offering. None provides any assurances, guarantees or representations regarding the Fund or its performance. Nothing herein shall be construed as an offer of any security by XRPI, Volatility Shares LLC, or Volatility Shares Trust.
None of the Fund, the Trust, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates claim any ownership interest in any trademarks owned by XRPI, Volatility Shares LLC, or Volatility Shares Trust, or any of their affiliates. All rights in the trademarks are reserved by their respective owners.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information About the Fund—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund.”
An investment in the Fund entails risk.
Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
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XRPI Risks. The Fund invests in instruments based on the value of XRPI. The Fund is therefore subject to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of XRPI, as well as the risks associated with the assets held by XRPI, even though the Fund does not hold those assets directly. The value of XRPI will fluctuate with the price of XRP, which is influenced by regulatory developments, technology changes, network adoption, competition, supply/demand dynamics in the XRP ecosystem, investor sentiment and other factors. Brokerage, custody, management fees and other expenses may negatively impact XRPI’s performance and thereby the value of the Fund’s shares.
| ● | XRP Futures Contracts and Rolling Risk. XRP futures are cash-settled instruments with specified expirations, requiring the Fund to “roll” positions into later-dated contracts as near-month contracts approach expiration. Markets for XRP futures may experience contango (longer-dated contracts priced higher than near-dated contracts) or backwardation (the opposite), either of which can cause the Fund’s performance to diverge from the spot price of XRP. In periods of contango—historically pronounced for certain digital-asset futures—the Fund may incur persistent negative roll yield by selling lower-priced expiring contracts and buying higher-priced later-dated contracts, which can materially depress NAV and total return, particularly when investing in back-month contracts. |
| ● | Futures Market and Leverage Risk. Futures trading involves risks that include imperfect correlation with the reference asset; limited secondary-market liquidity; the potential inability to close positions when desired; and losses from unanticipated market movements. Because margin requirements are typically a fraction of the notional value, futures create embedded leverage: small adverse price moves can produce outsized losses (including losses exceeding the amount initially invested in the contract) and require daily variation margin payments at times when the Fund may have limited cash. Rapid selling to meet margin or risk limits may result in unfavorable execution prices. |
| ● | Position Limits, Price Limits, and Market Disruptions. XRP futures are subject to CFTC and exchange-imposed position limits designed to curb excessive speculation, as well as price limits that restrict intraday trading ranges and may halt trading. If limits are reached or if liquidity is otherwise constrained—due to market disruptions, accountability levels, FCM restrictions, or margin changes—the Fund may be unable to transact in XRP futures as intended. In such circumstances, the Adviser may, in the Fund’s best interests and subject to then-current facts and circumstances, use XRP-linked instruments other than futures, adjust or suspend creations, require EFRP-based creations/redemptions, apply variable transaction fees, or de-lever the portfolio relative to its investment objective. |
| ● | Regulatory and Instrument-Selection Risk. The legal status of digital assets continues to evolve. A judicial or regulatory determination that XRP is a “security” under the federal securities laws could adversely affect XRP’s value and, depending on the circumstances, could require the Fund to alter operations materially or liquidate. The Fund may also seek exposure through XRP-linked ETPs, swaps, and other derivatives, each of which entails additional risks— including management fees and tracking differences for ETPs; counterparty and valuation risk for swaps; and potential increases in correlation error versus XRP. Transaction costs, position limits, counterparty availability, and structural features of non-futures instruments can further reduce correlation with XRP and impede achievement of the Fund’s objective. |
| ● | Liquidity, Counterparty, and Clearing Risks. The XRP futures market may experience periods of limited liquidity, during which it could be difficult or impossible to enter, liquidate, or adjust positions at reasonable prices or sizes. The Fund is exposed to the credit and operational risks of futures commission merchants and clearinghouses; an FCM or clearinghouse failure, shortfall, or non-compliance with segregation rules could result in loss of posted margin and unrealized gains and prolonged recovery periods. Centrally cleared derivatives concentrate risk in a small number of clearing entities, and applicable resolution regimes could impair the Fund’s ability to exercise remedies or realize on collateral. |
| ● | Operational, Trading, and Market Structure Risks. Active management, frequent rolling of futures, and rebalancing activity may increase transaction costs, contribute to market impact, and lead to tracking differences or underperformance. Shares may trade at a premium or discount to NAV, particularly during market stress or when AP or market-maker participation is limited, widening bid-ask spreads and impairing secondary-market liquidity. Additional risks applicable to the Fund’s operations include valuation risk (for instruments priced other than by quoted market trades), new-fund risk, non-diversification risk, cybersecurity and other operational risks, the use of reverse repurchase agreements and collateral investments (with associated interest-rate and credit risks), and potential tax risks related to the Fund’s structure and its use of a controlled foreign subsidiary to obtain futures exposure. |
XRP Risks. The Fund’s investment strategy, involving indirect exposure to XRP is subject to uncertainties, and potential financial losses. XRP and XRP-related investments are relatively new and subject to unique and substantial risks. XRP has historically been subject to significant price volatility and the value of an investment in the Fund could decline rapidly and significantly. The performance of XRP-related investments, and therefore the performance of the Fund, may differ significantly from the performance of XRP. As with all investments, there is no assurance of profit, and investors should be cognizant of these specific risks associated with XRP and XRP-related investments:
| ● | XRP is a relatively new innovation and is subject to unique and substantial risks. XRP operates as a decentralized, peer-to-peer financial trading platform and value storage that is used like money. However, it has no central governmental or banking authority, is not backed by any government and not a legal tender. The markets for XRP and XRP-related Investments may be less liquid and more volatile than other markets for more established products. It may be difficult to execute a XRP trade at a specific price when there is a relatively small volume of buy and sell orders in the XRP market. A market disruption can also make it more difficult to liquidate a position or find a suitable counterparty at a reasonable cost. |
|
● | The market for XRP is subject to rapid price swings, changes and uncertainty. A significant portion of the demand for XRP may be the result of speculation. The value of XRP has been, and may continue to be, substantially dependent on speculation. Such speculation regarding the potential future appreciation of the price of XRP may artificially inflate or deflate the price of XRP and increase volatility. A significant portion of XRP is held by a small number of holders sometimes referred to as “whales.” Transactions by these holders may influence the price of XRP and these holders may have the ability to manipulate the price of XRP. |
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| ● | The further development of the XRP Network and the acceptance and use of XRP may be subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. The slowing, stopping or reversing of the development of the XRP Network or the acceptance of XRP may adversely affect the price and liquidity of XRP. |
| ● |
If one or a coordinated group of validators were to gain control of a significant proportion of XRP, they could (depending on the proportion of control gained), impede, reverse or prevent confirmation of transactions, causing a fork in the blockchain that could result in one portion of the network running the pre-modification software and the other portion of the network running the modified software – an event that could negatively impact the value of XRP and in turn the value of the Fund. Gaining such control over the network could also result in manipulation of the blockchain and cast doubt on new XRP transactions on the XRP Network.
| |
| ● | XRP is subject to the risk of fraud, theft, manipulation, securities failures, and operational or other problems that impact XRP trading venues. Unlike the exchanges for more traditional assets, such as equity securities and established futures contracts, XRP and XRP trading venues are largely unregulated and may be operating out of compliance with applicable regulation. As a result of the lack of regulation, individuals or groups may engage in fraud or market manipulation (including using social media to promote XRP in a way that may artificially increase the price of XRP). Investors may be more exposed to the risk of theft, fraud, market manipulation, and operational failures than when investing in more traditional asset classes. Over the past several years, the XRP Network has reportedly suffered multiple network outages including those arising from software problems, security vulnerabilities, and denial of service and bot attacks. Similarly, software and wallets employed by users and validators to access the XRP Network and transact in XRP may suffer from fraud, theft, disruptions, glitches or other problems negatively impacting the value of XRP and XRP-related Investments. Investors in XRP XRP-related Investments may have little or no recourse should such theft, fraud, manipulation or other problems occur and could suffer significant losses. |
| ● | Legal or regulatory changes may negatively impact the operation of the XRP Network and Protocol or restrict the use of XRP. For example, if XRP were determined or were expected to be determined to be offered and sold as a security under the federal securities laws, it is possible certain trading venues would no longer facilitate trading in XRP, trading in XRP-related Investments may become significantly more volatile and/or completely halted, and the value of an investment in the Fund could decline significantly and without warning, including to zero. |
The realization of any of these risks could result in a decline in the acceptance of XRP and consequently a reduction in the value of XRP, XRP-related Investments, and the Fund.
Derivatives Risks. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying reference asset and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks that differ significantly from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Options prices are influenced by multiple factors, including changes in the value of the underlying security or index, actual or implied volatility, time remaining until expiration, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies, and national and international political or economic events. For the Fund, the value of the options contracts in which it invests is substantially influenced by the value of the Underlying ETF and the specific characteristics of the types of options strategies the Fund employs. |
Although the Fund may use options to provide synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETF, option prices may not perfectly replicate the rate of change of the Underlying ETF prior to expiration, resulting in potential tracking differences. Similarly, the premiums received from selling put spreads are influenced by market volatility and the specific strike prices selected, which can vary based on market conditions.
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The Fund may experience downside risk from certain options positions, including the potential for purchased options to expire worthless, resulting in the loss of premiums paid. Writing (selling) options also exposes the Fund to risk of loss, which may exceed the premiums received. For example, selling put options exposes the Fund to the risk that the price of the Underlying ETF declines below the strike price, potentially resulting in substantial losses. Selling put spreads limits these losses to the difference between the strike prices of the sold and purchased puts, less the net premium received, but does not eliminate risk.
The Fund may encounter challenges in managing written options positions, particularly in volatile or illiquid markets, where closing or adjusting positions may be difficult or costly. Additionally, the process of rolling options positions, replacing expiring options with new contracts to maintain exposure, can involve significant transaction costs and expose the Fund to additional risks, such as adverse price movements during the roll period or reduced liquidity in the desired contracts. The Fund may also face margin requirements associated with written options, which could require the Fund to liquidate other assets to meet these obligations, potentially at unfavorable prices. Collectively, these risks may result in losses or reduced investment efficiency for the Fund.
| ● | Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify appropriate counterparties. If the Adviser is unable to enter into swap agreements that provide the desired synthetic exposure to the Underlying ETF, the Fund may not meet its stated investment objective. Additionally, any financing, transaction, or other costs associated with using swap transactions may have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. |
The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivative instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets, securities, or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the reference asset.
If the Underlying ETF experiences a significant price movement that causes a material change in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund may be unable to enter into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to maintain exposure consistent with its investment objective. This may temporarily reduce the Fund’s ability to maintain its intended level of synthetic exposure until replacement transactions can be established.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that the Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
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Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or groups of industries, if any, to which the Underlying ETF is concentrated. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
ETF Risks
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
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Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the Fund’s holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of the Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
Money Market Instrument Risk. The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
Tax Risk. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
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Management
Investment Adviser: Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager:
The following individual is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception in 2026.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only Authorized Participants (APs) (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “bid-ask spread.”
When available, information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund’s website at www.defianceetfs.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS
Investment Objective
The primary investment objective of each Fund is to seek current income. Each Fund’s secondary investment objective is to seek capital appreciation.
An investment objective is fundamental if it cannot be changed without the consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares. No Fund’s investment objective has been adopted as a fundamental investment policy and therefore each Fund’s investment objective may be changed without the consent of that Fund’s shareholders upon approval by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”) and at least 60 days’ written notice to shareholders.
Principal Investment Strategies
There is no guarantee that each Fund’s investment strategy will be properly implemented, and an investor may lose some or all of its investment.
The following information is in addition to, and should be read along with, the description of each Fund’s principal investment strategies in the section of the prospectus titled “Fund Summary—Principal Investment Strategies”.
For purposes of each Fund’s 80% policy (as discussed in each Fund’s summary section above), each Fund measures its exposure based on the notional value of the derivatives providing exposure, relative to the Fund’s net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes). “Notional value” refers to the “face” value of a Fund investment, rather than the amount of capital the Fund has actually committed. It represents the total value of the Fund’s position, rather than its equity in that position. Essentially, it reflects the full value of a leveraged position in the market, even if the Fund uses a fraction of that amount as collateral. Each Fund’s “80%” policy is non-fundamental and can be changed without shareholder approval. However, Fund shareholders would be given at least 60 days’ notice prior to any such change.
Each Fund seeks to achieve its “LightningSpread™” strategy by establishing synthetic exposure to its Underlying ETF or Underlying ETP, as applicable, through derivative instruments. These instruments include combinations of long at-the-money call options and short put options on its Underlying ETF or Underlying ETP, as applicable (“synthetic long positions”), total return swaps referencing its Underlying ETF or Underlying ETP, as applicable, and, from time to time, in-the-money call options. Separately, each Fund employs options strategies focused on generating option premiums. Each Fund’s primary strategy involves selling (writing) put spreads on its Underlying ETF or Underlying ETP, as applicable, with weekly or shorter expirations.
Each Fund’s investment in options includes both standard exchange-traded options and FLexible Exchange® options (“FLEX Options”). FLEX options are customized options contracts that trade on an exchange but provide investors with the ability to customize key contract terms like strike price, style and expiration date while achieving price discovery in competitive, transparent auctions markets and avoiding the counterparty exposure of “over-the-counter” (“OTC”) options positions. Like traditional exchange-traded options, FLEX Options are guaranteed for settlement by the OCC, a market clearinghouse that guarantees performance by counterparties to certain derivatives contracts. The FLEX options in which the Funds may invest are expected to be European style options (options that are exercisable only on the expiration date).
Options Terminology
Each Fund will use options as part of its investment strategy, which are financial instruments that derive their value from an underlying asset, such as its Underlying ETF or Underlying ETP, as applicable. This section provides a general explanation of call and put options, along with related cost and premium considerations relevant to a Fund’s use of these derivative instruments.
| ● | Call Options. A call option gives the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to buy an underlying asset at a specific price (the strike price) on or before the option’s expiration date. The seller (or writer) of a call option is obligated to sell the asset at the strike price if the buyer chooses to exercise the option. | |
| ● | Put Options. A put option gives the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to sell an underlying asset at a specific strike price on or before the option’s expiration date. The seller (or writer) of a put option is obligated to buy the asset at the strike price if the buyer exercises the option. |
Options Strategies
Each Fund employs options strategies as part of its investment program. These strategies are designed to provide synthetic exposure to each Fund’s respective Underlying Security, and generate options premiums. The following descriptions summarize how these strategies function under various market conditions.
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1. Synthetic Long Position - Combination of At-the-Money Call Options and Short Put Options
Strategy Overview: Establishing a synthetic long position involves purchasing at-the-money call options and simultaneously selling put options on the same Underlying Security, typically with matching strike prices and expiration dates. This combination provides a Fund with economic exposure similar to directly owning its Underlying Security. The strategy generally benefits from increases in its Underlying Security’s price.
Market Movement Scenarios:
| ● | Security Increases in Value: If the Underlying Security’s share price rises, the call option may increase in value, producing gains comparable to owning the security. However, because time decay can reduce the call’s value even when the stock rises, the short put may help offset this effect by generating options premium, even though it will expire worthless. | |
| ● | Security Remains the Same: If the Underlying Security’s share price remains near the strike price, both the call and put options retain minimal intrinsic value. The Fund may experience a small net gain or loss depending on the relative option premiums and time decay. | |
| ● | Security Decreases in Value: If the Underlying Security’s share price declines, the call option loses value, and the short put option may incur a loss if the price falls below the strike price. However, the premium received from the short put partially offsets the decline. |
2. Synthetic Long Position - Buying In-the-Money (ITM) Call Options
Strategy Overview: Purchasing in-the-money (ITM) call options provides a Fund with exposure to potential appreciation in its Underlying Security while limiting downside risk to the premium paid. An ITM call option has a strike price below the current market price of the Underlying Security, giving it intrinsic value. This structure allows the Fund to participate in price gains similar to owning the security, but with reduced capital outlay.
Market Movement Scenarios:
| ● | Security Increases in Value: If the Underlying Security’s share price rises, the ITM call option gains value in proportion to the increase, providing upside exposure similar to directly holding the security. | |
| ● | Security Remains the Same: If the Underlying Security’s share price remains near its current level, the call option retains its intrinsic value but may experience a modest decline due to time decay (the gradual loss of value as the option approaches expiration). | |
| ● | Security Decreases in Value: If the Underlying Security’s share price declines, the ITM call option decreases in value. However, the Fund’s maximum potential loss is limited to the premium paid for the option. |
3. Selling Put Spreads
Strategy Overview: Selling put spreads involves writing a put option at one strike price while simultaneously buying another put option with a lower strike price on the same Underlying Security and with the same expiration date. This strategy generates net options premiums (the difference between the premium earned on the sold put and the cost of the purchased put) while limiting potential losses to the difference between the two strike prices minus the net premium.
Market Movement Scenarios:
| ● | Security Increases in Value: If the Underlying Security’s share price rises above the higher strike price, both put options expire worthless, and the Fund retains the net premium received as profit. | |
| ● | Security Remains the Same: If share price of its Underlying ETF or Underlying ETP, as applicable, remains near the current level, the put spread typically avoids a loss and may benefit from the time premium earned when the position was established. However, if the short put finishes in the money, the spread may retain value at expiration, which could result in a cost to close the position. | |
| ● | Security Decreases in Value: If the share price of its Underlying ETF or Underlying ETP, as applicable, is below the higher strike price, the Fund incurs a loss on the written put option, partially offset by gains on the purchased put option. The Fund’s maximum loss is limited to the difference between the two strike prices minus the net premium received. |
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Options Premiums – Income/Return of Capital
Receipt of an option premium does not always represent income. Depending on whether the transaction as a whole results in a gain or loss, such amounts may be treated for accounting or tax purposes as income or as a return of capital (“ROC”). ROC represents a return of a shareholder’s own invested capital and does not reflect traditional income such as dividends or interest. A portion (sometimes a significant portion) of a Fund’s cash distributions may be classified as ROC, which generally refers to the portion of a distribution that represents a return of the original investment (principal) rather than income or profit. Accordingly, such distributions do not necessarily reflect traditional income or yield, and receipt of an option premium could ultimately result in a net loss on the transaction if offset by subsequent closing transactions, exercise or settlement.
Additional Information for Funds with crypto asset-related strategies:
Information About Bitcoin - Defiance Bitcoin LightningSpread™ Income ETF
As noted above, the Defiance Bitcoin LightningSpread™ Income ETF does not invest directly in Bitcoin or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest directly in derivatives that track the performance of Bitcoin or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest in or seek direct exposure to the current “spot” or cash price of Bitcoin. Investors seeking direct exposure to the price of Bitcoin should consider an investment other than the Fund. However, the Fund invests indirectly in the iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF, which in turn, invests directly in Bitcoin. The following provides an overview of Bitcoin, the Bitcoin Blockchain, the relationship between the two, as well as their use cases.
Bitcoin Description:
Bitcoin, the first and most well-known modern digital asset, operates on a decentralized network using blockchain technology to facilitate secure and anonymous transactions. Bitcoin represents a digital asset that functions as a medium of exchange utilizing cryptographic protocols to secure transactional processes, control the creation of additional units, and verify the transfer of assets. Its operation on a decentralized blockchain network ensures both transparency and immutability of records, without the need for a central authority. This innovative technology underpinning bitcoin allows for peer-to-peer transactions and provides a framework for digital scarcity, making bitcoin a unique investment commodity within the digital asset landscape. Although bitcoin is called a crypto or digital asset, it is not presently accepted widely as a means of payment.
Bitcoin Blockchain Description:
The Bitcoin Blockchain constitutes a decentralized, digital ledger technology that chronologically and publicly records all bitcoin transactions. This technology is characterized by its use of blocks, which are structurally linked in a chain through cryptographic hashes. Each block contains a list of transactions that, once verified and added to the blockchain through a consensus process known as proof of work, which may take an hour or more, becomes irreversible and tamper-evident. The integrity, transparency, and security of the transactional data are maintained autonomously within the bitcoin network, eliminating the necessity for central oversight and facilitating trust in a peer-to-peer system.
The Relationship between Bitcoin and Bitcoin Blockchain:
Bitcoin is a digital asset that operates on the Bitcoin Blockchain, a decentralized and cryptographic ledger system. The Bitcoin Blockchain underpins the entire bitcoin network, providing a secure and transparent mechanism for recording bitcoin transactions. Each bitcoin transaction is verified by network participants and permanently recorded on the Bitcoin Blockchain, ensuring the integrity and traceability of the digital asset. Thus, while bitcoin serves as a medium of exchange or store of value, the Bitcoin Blockchain acts as the immutable record-keeping system that facilitates and authenticates the circulation and ownership of bitcoin. This symbiotic relationship ensures that bitcoin operates in a trustless and decentralized manner, with the Bitcoin Blockchain maintaining bitcoin’s history and scarcity.
Bitcoin and Bitcoin Blockchain Use Cases:
Bitcoin and the Bitcoin Blockchain serve as innovative financial instruments within the digital economy, offering multiple use cases. However, their adoption has been limited. Key applications include:
| 1. | Decentralized Transactions: Bitcoin facilitates peer-to-peer financial transactions globally without the need for intermediaries, reducing transaction costs and times. This feature makes it an attractive option for cross-border transfers and remittances. Bitcoin and the Bitcoin Blockchain were designed to be used as an alternative general purpose payment system and while bitcoin may be an attractive option for cross border transfers and remittances, it is presently not widely used as a means of payment. | |
| 2. | Store of Value: Due to its limited supply and decentralized nature, bitcoin is perceived as a digital alternative to traditional stores of value like gold, potentially serving as a hedge against inflation and currency devaluation. |
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| 3. | Smart Contracts: While primarily associated with other blockchain platforms, the Bitcoin Blockchain can execute smart contracts—self-executing contractual agreements with the terms directly written into code—thereby enabling automated and conditional transactions. | |
| 4. | Asset Tokenization: The Bitcoin Blockchain provides a platform for tokenizing assets, converting rights to an asset into a digital token on the blockchain. This can include real estate, stocks, or other forms of assets, enhancing liquidity and market efficiency. At this time this functionality is limited. Unlike the scripting language of blockchain platforms like Ethereum, the scripting language of the Bitcoin Blockchain is not Turing complete, and thus more limited in terms of the types of smart contracts it can support. | |
| 5. | Digital Identity Verification: Leveraging the security and immutability of the Bitcoin Blockchain, companies can develop digital identity verification systems, enhancing privacy and reducing identity theft. At this time this functionality is limited. |
Information About Ether - Defiance Ethereum LightningSpread™ Income ETF
As noted above, the Defiance Ethereum LightningSpread™ Income ETF does not invest directly in ether or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest directly in derivatives that track the performance of ether or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest in or seek direct exposure to the current “spot” or cash price of ether. Investors seeking direct exposure to the price of ether should consider an investment other than the Fund. However, Fund invests indirectly in the Grayscale Ethereum Staking ETF, which in turn, invests directly in ether. The following provides an overview of ether, the Ethereum Blockchain, the relationship between the two, as well as their use cases.
Ether Description
Ether is a digital asset which serves as the unit of account on an open-source, decentralized, peer-to-peer computer network. Ether may be used to pay for goods and services, stored for future use, or converted to a government-issued currency. As of the date of this Prospectus, the adoption of ether for these purposes has been limited. The value of ether is not backed by any government, corporation, or other identified body.
The value of ether is determined in part by the supply of and demand for, ether in the markets for exchange that have been organized to facilitate the trading of ether. Ether is the second largest digital asset by market capitalization behind bitcoin.
Ether is maintained on the decentralized, open source, peer-to-peer computer network (“Ethereum Network”). No single entity owns or operates the Ethereum Network. The Ethereum Network is accessed through software and governs the creation and movement of ether. The source code for the Ethereum Network is open-source, and anyone can contribute to its development.
Ethereum Network
The infrastructure of the Ethereum Network is collectively maintained by participants in the Ethereum Network, which include validators, developers, and users. Validators validate transactions and are currently compensated for that service in ether, as determined by the Ethereum Protocol. Developers maintain and contribute updates to the Ethereum Network’s source code. Users access the Ethereum Network using open-source software. Anyone can be a user, developer, or validator.
Ether is maintained on a digital transaction ledger commonly known as a “blockchain.” A blockchain is a type of shared and continually reconciled database, stored in a decentralized manner on the computers of certain users of the digital asset and is protected by cryptography. The Ethereum blockchain contains a record and history for each ether transaction.
The Ethereum blockchain allows for the creation of decentralized applications that are supported by a transaction protocol referred to as “smart contracts,” which includes the cryptographic operations that verify and secure ether transactions. A smart contract operates by a pre-defined set of rules (i.e., “if/then statements”) that allows it to automatically execute code on the Ethereum Network. Such actions taken by the pre-defined set of rules are not necessarily contractual in nature but are intended to eliminate the need for a third party to carry out code execution on behalf of users, making the system decentralized, allowing decentralized application developers to create a wide range of applications. Requiring payment in Ether on the Ethereum Network incentivizes developers to write quality applications and increases the efficiency of the Ethereum Network because wasteful code costs more. It also ensures that the Ethereum Network remains economically viable by compensating people for their contributed computational resources.
Ethereum Protocol
The Ethereum Protocol is an open source project with no official company or group in control. Anyone can review the underlying code and suggest changes. Because there is no central authority, the release of updates to the Ethereum Protocol source code by developers does not guarantee that the updates will be automatically adopted by the other participants. Users and validators must accept any changes made to the source code by downloading the proposed modification and that modification is effective only with respect to those ether users and validators who choose to download it. As a practical matter, a modification to the source code becomes part of the Ethereum Network only if it is accepted by validators that collectively represent a supermajority (two-thirds) of the cumulative validations on the Ethereum blockchain.
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If a modification is accepted by only a portion of users and validators, a division will occur such that one network will run the pre-modification source code and the other network will run the modified source code. Such a division is known as a “fork.”
New ether is created through “staking” of ether by validators. Validators are required to stake ether in order to perform validation activities and then, as a reward, earn newly created ether. Validation activities include verifying transactions, storing data, and adding to the Ethereum blockchain. Further, with its collective computing power on the distributed network, the Ethereum network provides the ability to execute peer-to-peer transactions to realize, via smart contracts, automatic, conditional transfer of value and information, including money, voting rights, and property.
Information About Solana - Defiance Solana LightningSpread™ Income ETF
As noted above, the Defiance Solana LightningSpread™ Income ETF does not invest directly in Solana or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest directly in derivatives that track the performance of Solana or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest in or seek Solana exposure to the current “spot” or cash price of Solana. Investors seeking direct exposure to the price of Solana should consider an investment other than the Fund. However, Fund invests indirectly in the Solana ETF, which in turn, invests directly in Solana. The following provides an overview of Solana, the Solana Network (defined below), the relationship between the two, and their use cases.
Solana Overview. SOL is a digital asset that is created and transmitted through the operations of the peer-to-peer “Solana Network,” a decentralized network of computers that operates on cryptographic protocols. No single entity owns or operates the Solana Network, the infrastructure of which is collectively maintained by a decentralized user base. The Solana Network allows people to exchange tokens of value, called SOL, which are recorded on a public transaction ledger known as a blockchain. SOL can be used to pay for goods and services, including computational power on the Solana Network, or it can be converted to fiat currencies, such as the U.S. Dollar, at rates determined on digital asset exchanges or in individual end-user to end-user transactions under a barter system. The value of SOL is not backed by any government, corporation, or other identified body. Instead, its value is determined in part by the supply and demand in markets created to facilitate the trading of SOL.
Solana Network. The Solana network is collectively maintained by (1) a decentralized group of participants who run computer software that results in the recording and vali- dation of transactions (commonly referred to as “validators”), (2) developers who propose improvements to the Solana Protocol (described below) and the software that enforces the Protocol and (3) users who choose which version of the Solana software to run. From time to time, the developers suggest changes to the Solana software. If a validator elects not to adopt the changes, or implements changes independently, a new digital asset operating on a modified version of the Solana software may be created. This is often referred to as a “fork.” The price of SOL and the SOL-related investments in which the Fund invests may be negatively impacted by events culminating in forks.
The Solana Network was designed to allow users to write and implement smart contracts – that is, general-purpose code that executes on every computer in the network and can instruct the transmission of information and value based on a sophisticated set of logical conditions. Using smart contracts, users can create markets, store registries of debts or promises, represent the ownership of property, move funds in accordance with conditional instructions and create digital assets other than SOL on the Solana Network. Smart contract operations are executed on the Solana Blockchain in exchange for payment of SOL. Similar to the Ethereum network, the Solana Network is one of a number of projects intended to expand blockchain use beyond just a peer-to-peer money system.
Solana Protocol. The Solana Protocol introduced the Proof-of-History (“PoH”) time-stamping mechanism. PoH automatically orders on-chain transactions by creating a historical record that proves an event has occurred at a specific moment in time. PoH is intended to provide a transaction processing speed and capacity advantage over other blockchain networks like Bitcoin and Ethereum, which rely on sequential production of blocks and can lead to delays caused by validator confirmations. In addition to the PoH mechanism, the Solana Network uses a proof-of-stake (“PoS”) consensus mechanism to incentivize SOL holders to validate transactions. Unlike proof-of-work, in which miners expend computational resources to compete to validate transactions and are rewarded coins in proportion to the amount of computational resources expended, in PoS, validators risk or “stake” coins to compete to be randomly selected to validate transactions and are rewarded coins in proportion to the amount of coins staked. Any malicious activity, such as disagreeing with the eventual consensus or otherwise violating protocol rules, results in the forfeiture or “slashing” of a portion of the staked coins. PoS is viewed as more energy efficient and scalable than proof-of-work and is sometimes referred to as “virtual mining.”
Solana Foundation & Solana Labs. The Solana Protocol was first conceived by Anatoly Yakovenko in a 2017 whitepaper. Development of the Solana Network is overseen by the Solana Foundation, a Swiss non-profit organization, and Solana Labs, Inc. (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, which administered the original network launch and token distribution. Although the Company and the Solana Foundation continue to exert significant influence over the direction of the development of SOL, the Solana Network is decentralized and does not require governmental authorities or financial institution intermediaries to create, transmit or determine the value of SOL.
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SOL Price Trends. The price of SOL has historically shown a correlation with meme coin activity on its blockchain. A meme coin is type of digital asset that is inspired by Internet memes, characters or cultural trends. While not entirely dependent, meme coin trends have significantly influenced SOL’s price movements in recent times. During the meme coin frenzy in early 2025, SOL hit an all-time high of $294, with over $50 billion in trading volume over a single weekend. Surges in meme coin activity have led to increased network usage, as SOL is used to pay fees for transactions involving other tokens on the Solana blockchain. In February 2025, after reaching a peak of $261 in January, SOL experienced a 60% price drop as the meme coin hype cooled down. As of December 31, 2025, the price of SOL was reported to be approximately $124. However, it is important to note that while meme coins seem to have had a significant impact of the value of SOL, other factors also influence SOL’s price, such as overall market conditions, technological developments, and regulatory changes. As well, the long-term sustainability of this relationship between meme coins and SOL’s price remains uncertain.
SOL Circulation and Supply. As of December 31, 2025, approximately 566 million SOL tokens were in circulation, with a total supply of around 615 million SOL. SOL has no fixed maximum supply, meaning it operates on an inflationary model. Initially, the network launched with 500 million tokens, but this total has increased over time due to inflation mechanisms and staking rewards. The inflation rate started at 8% annually. It decreases by 15% each year until it stabilizes at a long-term rate of 1.5% per year. This inflationary design ensures that new tokens are continuously issued, primarily as rewards for validators and stakers, while some tokens are burned through transaction fees to offset supply growth.
Information About XRP - Defiance XRP LightningSpread™ Income ETF
As noted above, the Defiance XRP LightningSpread™ Income ETF does not invest directly in XRP or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest directly in derivatives that track the performance of XRP or any other digital assets. The Fund does not invest in or seek XRP exposure to the current “spot” or cash price of XRP. Investors seeking direct exposure to the price of XRP should consider an investment other than the Fund. However, Fund invests indirectly in the XRP ETF, which in turn, invests directly in XRP. The following provides an overview of XRP, the XRP Ledger (defined below), the relationship between the two, and their use cases.
XRP Overview. XRP is a digital asset which serves as the unit of account on an open-source, decentralized, peer-to-peer computer ledger, referred to as the “XRP Ledger.” XRP may be used to pay for goods and services, stored for future use, or converted to a government-issued currency. The XRP Ledger focuses on transaction utility, seeking to provide fast, low-cost cross-border payments. It is designed to be a global real-time payment and settlement system, improving the speed of value transfer and reducing the fees and delays typically seen in traditional interbank payment systems. As of the date of this Prospectus, the adoption of XRP for these purposes has been limited. The value of XRP is not backed by any government, corporation, or other identified body. The value of XRP is determined in part by the supply and demand for XRP in the markets for exchange that have been organized to facilitate the trading of XRP. New XRP is not created through staking (i.e., earning tokens in return for validating transactions) or mining new tokens. Instead, all XRP was created at the inception of the XRP Ledger, and the supply of XRP is limited by design to 100 billion tokens (with over 59 billion in circulation as of the date of this Prospectus). XRP is maintained on the decentralized, open source, peer-to-peer XRP Ledger. No single entity owns or operates the XRP Ledger. The XRP Ledger is accessed through software and governs XRP’s creation and movement. The source code for the XRP Ledger, known as the “XRP Protocol,” is open-source, and anyone can contribute to its development.
XRP Ledger. The infrastructure of the XRP Ledger is collectively maintained by various participants in the XRP Ledger, which include validators (those who validate ledger transactions), developers (those who maintain and contribute updates to the ledger), and users (those who access the ledger using open-source software). Anyone can be a validator, developer or user. The XRP Ledger is a digital transaction ledger commonly known as a “blockchain.” A blockchain is a type of shared and continually reconciled database, stored in a decentralized manner on the computers of certain users of the digital asset and protected by cryptography. The XRP Ledger, operating as XRP’s blockchain, contains a record and history for every XRP transaction. Validators use specialized computer software and hardware to verify transactions and add to the XRP Ledger. A new block is then confirmed through acceptance by designated validators who maintain versions of the blockchain on their individual computers.
XRP Protocol. The XRP protocol is an open source project with no single official company or group owning, operating or controlling it or the XRP Ledger. Anyone can review the underlying code and suggest changes, although Ripples Labs, a Delaware corporation, initially created and developed XRP and the XRP Ledger. As such, it regularly contributes to XRP software and developers at Ripple Labs are able to access, and can alter, the XRP Ledger source code. As a result, Ripple Labs is responsible for quasi-official releases of updates and other changes to the XRP Ledger’s source code.
XRP Ledger Foundation. The XRP Ledger Foundation is an independent organization established to support the development and adoption of the XRP Ledger. It is also influential in the development and governance of the XRP Ledger. While Ripple Labs is a key contributor to the XRP Ledger Foundation, the foundation aims to maintain the ledger as open and decentralized, promoting transparency and inclusivity in its governance and development. As an open-source project, the XRP Ledger also has contributions from independent developers and other entities interested in its success. These community contributors can propose changes, submit pull requests, and report issues on the XRP Ledger’s GitHub repository.
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Operation of the XRP Ledger. A network of independent nodes validates transactions on the XRP Ledger using a consensus-based algorithm, known as the Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm (“RPCA”). The RPCA relies on trusted validators to operate a network of independent validator nodes that validate transactions on the XRP Ledger. These nodes do not mine new blocks or tokens, but instead, participate in a consensus process to seek to ensure that transactions are valid and correctly ordered on the ledger. Any node can act as a validator, but for practical purposes, the XRP Ledger depends on a trusted set of validators known as the Unique Node List (the “UNL”). Validators can be individuals, institutions, or organizations, and they seek to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the ledger. Each node maintains a UNL, which is a list of other validators that the node trusts. Users and validators must accept any changes made to the source code by downloading the proposed modification and then such modification is effective only with respect to those XRP users and validators who choose to download it. As a practical matter, a modification to the source code becomes part of the XRP Ledger only if it is accepted by participants that collectively have a majority of the processing power on the XRP Ledger. If a modification is accepted by only a percentage of users and validators, a division will occur such that one network will run the pre-modification source code and the other network will run the modified source code. Such a division is known as a “fork.” The value of XRP, and in turn the value of the Fund, may be negatively impacted in the event of a fork.
Transactions in XRP. To send or receive XRP, users first establish an XRP wallet, which can generate unique XRP addresses. These addresses are linked to a pair of public and private keys. Users can then transfer XRP from one address to another using their wallet software, similar to sending funds between bank accounts. The amount of XRP at each address is recorded on the XRP Ledger, which is distributed across a network of validators. When a user wants to transfer XRP, they must first obtain the recipient’s XRP address and then create a transaction through their wallet software. This transaction is broadcast across the XRP network for validation. Validators then confirm the transaction by consensus, and it is added to the ledger.
XRP Transaction Costs. To support its economic viability and protect the XRP Ledger from external spam and denial-of-service disruptions or attacks, each transaction must destroy a small amount of XRP. This transaction cost or fee is designed to increase along with the load on the network, making it very expensive to deliberately or inadvertently overload the network. Costs vary and may be higher depending on network load levels or with unusual or extraordinary transactions. Transaction costs are not paid to any party, but rather, the XRP applied to cost is irrevocably destroyed.
Manager of Managers Structure
Although not currently sub-advised, the Funds and the Adviser have received exemptive relief from the SEC permitting the Adviser (subject to certain conditions and the approval of the Board) to change or select new unaffiliated sub-advisers without obtaining shareholder approval. The relief also permits the Adviser to materially amend the terms of agreements with an unaffiliated sub-adviser (including an increase in the fee paid by the Adviser to the unaffiliated sub-adviser (and not paid by the Fund)) or to continue the employment of an unaffiliated sub-adviser after an event that would otherwise cause the automatic termination of services with Board approval, but without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified of any unaffiliated sub-adviser changes. The Adviser has the ultimate responsibility, subject to oversight by the Board, to oversee a sub-adviser and recommend their hiring, termination and replacement. The exemptive relief applies to sub-advisers that are either wholly owned by the Adviser or its parent company, as well as to unaffiliated sub-advisers, including those whose affiliation arises solely from their sub-advisory relationship.
Investments by Registered Investment Companies
Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by investment companies in the securities of other investment companies. However, registered investment companies are permitted to invest in other investment companies beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1) in recently adopted rules under the 1940 Act, subject to certain conditions. Each Fund may rely on Rule 12d1-4 of the 1940 Act, which provides an exemption from Section 12(d)(1) that allows the Fund to invest beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1) if the Fund satisfies certain conditions specified in Rule 12d1-4, including, among other conditions, that the Fund and its advisory group will not control (individually or in the aggregate) an acquired fund (e.g., hold more than 25% of the outstanding voting securities of an acquired fund that is a registered open-end management investment company).
Principal Risks of Investing in the Funds
There can be no assurance that the Funds will achieve their respective investment objective. The following information is in addition to, and should be read along with, the description of each Fund’s principal investment risks in the section titled “Fund Summary— Principal Investment Risks” above. Following a description of each referenced Underlying ETP/Underlying ETF risks, the principal risks are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them with those of other funds. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Funds, regardless of the order in which it appears.
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Fund Specific Risks
Defiance Bitcoin LightningSpread™ Income ETF – Specific Risks
IBIT Risks. The Fund invests in instruments based on the value of IBIT. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of IBIT as well as the risks associated with the assets held by IBIT, even though the Fund does not hold those assets directly. The value of IBIT will fluctuate with the market price of bitcoin, which may be affected by economic conditions, regulatory developments, supply and demand for bitcoin, technological developments, investor sentiment and other factors. Brokerage, custody, management fees and other expenses may negatively impact the performance of IBIT and therefore the value of the Fund’s shares.
| ● | Digital Asset and Market Risks. IBIT invests in bitcoin, a digital asset that is relatively new, highly volatile, and subject to evolving market dynamics. The market value of bitcoin is influenced by supply and demand on digital asset trading platforms, adoption of the Bitcoin network, technological advancements, macroeconomic conditions, and regulatory developments. These factors are unpredictable and may result in significant and rapid declines in value. Digital asset markets are less mature than traditional securities markets and may be more vulnerable to manipulation, fraud, hacking, loss of access, or other operational failures. The price of bitcoin has historically exhibited extreme volatility, and the price of IBIT shares may experience similar fluctuations. Such volatility may be driven by speculative trading activity, shifts in investor sentiment, or changes in the regulatory or technological environment. As a result, the IBIT shares may trade at prices that vary materially from the value of its bitcoin holdings, particularly if market liquidity is constrained or trading spreads widen. |
| ● | Custody and Operational Risks. The IBIT Trust’s bitcoin is held in custody with a third-party custodian under established security and operational protocols. Despite these safeguards, the IBIT Trust remains exposed to risks such as cybersecurity breaches, operational errors, insolvency of service providers, or the misappropriation or loss of bitcoin. Bitcoin transactions are irrevocable, and incorrectly executed or unauthorized transfers cannot be reversed. A security incident involving the IBIT Trust’s custodian or other service providers could result in a partial or total loss of assets, interruption of operations, or damage to the IBIT Trust’s reputation, each of which could materially reduce the value of the shares of IBIT. The IBIT Trust relies on key service providers, including its custodian, prime execution agent, and bitcoin trading counterparties. The termination or failure of any of these entities to perform their obligations could impair the IBIT Trust’s ability to safeguard assets, process creations and redemptions, or maintain normal operations. In addition, the loss of critical banking relationships or the failure of a financial institution used by IBIT’s prime execution agent could disrupt the IBIT Trust’s ability to facilitate transactions or lead to financial losses. |
| ● | Regulatory Risk. Digital assets and investment vehicles that hold them operate within a developing and uncertain regulatory framework in the United States and abroad. Adverse legislative or regulatory actions, including restrictions or prohibitions on bitcoin use, trading, mining, or custody, could materially reduce the value or liquidity of bitcoin and adversely affect the IBIT Trust’s operations. If regulators were to classify the Trust, its Sponsor, or other key service providers such as bitcoin trading counterparties as money services businesses or money transmitters, those entities could incur significant compliance costs and operational burdens. Changes in regulatory interpretation could further require new registrations or adherence to additional requirements, resulting in extraordinary and potentially nonrecurring expenses. The legal and tax treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal, state, and local income tax purposes remains unsettled. Any changes in applicable law or guidance could materially impact the taxation of the Trust and its investors, as well as the overall value of IBIT’s shares. |
| ● | Non-Diversification and Concentration Risk. IBIT is a single-asset vehicle, holding substantially all of its assets in a single digital asset (bitcoin). As a result, IBIT is subject to greater market risk and volatility than diversified vehicles. A decline in the value of bitcoin would have a direct and material adverse impact on IBIT’s net asset value and the value of the Fund’s investments. |
| ● | No 1940 Act Protections. The Underlying ETP is not registered as an investment company subject to the 1940 Act. Accordingly, investors in the Underlying ETP would not have the protections expressly provided by that statute, including: provisions preventing Underlying ETP insiders from managing the Underlying ETP to their benefit and to the detriment of shareholders; provisions preventing an Underlying ETP from issuing securities having inequitable or discriminatory provisions; provisions preventing management by irresponsible persons; provisions preventing the use of unsound or misleading methods of computing Underlying ETP earnings and asset value; provisions prohibiting suspension of redemptions (except under limited circumstances); provisions limiting fund leverage; provisions imposing a fiduciary duty on fund managers with respect to receipt of compensation for services; and provisions preventing changes in the Underlying ETP’s character without the consent of shareholders. Although the Fund invests in the Underlying ETP only indirectly, the Fund’s investments are expected to be subject to loss as a result of these risks. |
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Bitcoin Investment Risks. The Fund’s indirect investment in bitcoin exposes it to the unique risks of this emerging innovation. Bitcoin’s price is highly volatile, and its market is influenced by the changing bitcoin network, fluctuating acceptance levels, and unpredictable usage trends. Not being a legal tender and operating outside central authority systems like banks, bitcoin faces potential government restrictions. For instance, some countries may limit or ban bitcoin transactions, negatively impacting its market value.
The risks associated with bitcoin include the possibility of fraud, theft, market manipulation, and security breaches in trading platforms. A small group of large bitcoin holders, known as “whales,” can significantly influence bitcoin’s price and may have the ability to manipulate the price. The largely unregulated nature of bitcoin and its trading venues heightens risks of fraudulent activities and market manipulation, which could affect bitcoin’s price. For example, if a group of miners gains control over a majority of the bitcoin network, they could manipulate transactions to their advantage. Historical instances have seen bitcoin trading venues shut down due to fraud or security breaches, often leaving investors without recourse and facing significant losses.
Updates to bitcoin’s software, proposed by developers, can lead to the creation of new digital assets, or “forks,” if not broadly adopted. This can impact bitcoin’s demand and the Fund’s performance. The extreme volatility of bitcoin’s market price can result in shareholder losses. Furthermore, the operation of bitcoin trading platforms may be disrupted or cease altogether due to various issues, further affecting bitcoin’s price and the Fund’s investments.
The value of bitcoin has historically been subject to significant speculation, making trading and investing in bitcoin reliant on market sentiment rather than traditional fundamental analysis.
Bitcoin’s price can be influenced by events unrelated to its security or utility, including instability in other speculative areas of the crypto/blockchain space, potentially leading to substantial declines in its value.
Risks associated with crypto asset trading platforms include fragmentation, regulatory non-compliance, and the possibility of enforcement actions by regulatory authorities, which could impact the valuation of bitcoin-linked derivatives held by the Fund.
The security of the Bitcoin Blockchain may be compromised if a single miner or group controls more than 50% of the network’s hashing power, where hashing power refers to the computational capacity used to validate and secure transactions on the blockchain.
Proposed changes to the bitcoin protocol may not be universally adopted, leading to the creation of competing blockchains (forks) with different assets and participants, exemplified by past forks like Bitcoin Cash and Bitcoin SV.
The Bitcoin Blockchain protocol may contain vulnerabilities that attackers could exploit to disrupt its operation, potentially compromising the security and reliability of the network.
Emerging alternative public blockchains, particularly those emphasizing privacy through technologies like zero-knowledge cryptography, pose risks and challenges to the dominance of the Bitcoin Blockchain as a payment system.
Common impediments to adopting the Bitcoin Blockchain as a payment network include slow transaction processing, variability in transaction fees, and the volatility of bitcoin’s price, which may deter widespread adoption by businesses and consumers.
The development and use of “Layer II solutions” are critical for the scalability and functionality of the Bitcoin Blockchain, but they also introduce risks such as off-chain transaction execution, which could affect transparency and security. Layer II solutions are off-chain protocols that improve scalability and reduce transaction costs by processing transactions outside the main blockchain network.
Adoption and use of other blockchains supporting advanced applications like smart contracts present challenges to the dominance of the Bitcoin Blockchain, potentially impacting its long-term relevance and utility in the evolving landscape of blockchain technology.
| ● | Digital Assets Risk: Digital assets like bitcoin, designed as mediums of exchange, are still an emerging asset class and are not presently widely used as such. They operate independently of any central authority or government backing and are subject to regulatory changes and extreme price volatility. The trading platforms for digital assets are relatively new, largely unregulated or possibly operating out of compliance with regulations, and thus more vulnerable to fraud and failures compared to traditional, regulated exchanges. Shutdowns of these platforms due to fraud, technical glitches, or security issues can significantly affect digital asset prices and market volatility. |
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| ● | Digital Asset Markets Risk: The digital asset market, particularly bitcoin, has experienced considerable volatility, leading to market disruptions and erosion of confidence among market participants. This instability and the resultant negative publicity could adversely affect the Fund’s reputation and trading prices. Ongoing market turbulence could significantly impact the value of the Fund’s share. |
| ● | Blockchain Technology Risk: Blockchain technology, which underpins bitcoin and other digital assets, is relatively new, and many of its applications are untested. The adoption of blockchain and the development of competing platforms or technologies could affect its usage. Investments in companies or vehicles that utilize blockchain technology are subject to market volatility and may experience lower trading volumes compared to more established industries. Additionally, regulatory changes, internet disruptions, cybersecurity incidents, and intellectual property disputes could further affect the adoption and functionality of blockchain technology. |
Defiance Ethereum LightningSpread™ Income ETF – Specific Risks
ETHE Risks. The Fund invests in instruments based on the value of ETHE. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of ETHE as well as the risks associated with the assets held by ETHE, even though the Fund does not hold those assets directly. The value of ETHE will fluctuate with the market price of Ether, which may be affected by economic conditions, regulatory developments, supply and demand for bitcoin, technological developments, investor sentiment and other factors. Brokerage, custody, management fees and other expenses may negatively impact the performance of ETHE and therefore the value of the Fund’s shares.
| ● | ETHE and Digital Asset Exposure Risks. The Fund invests in options contracts based on the value of ETHE. Accordingly, the Fund is subject to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of ETHE, as well as risks associated with the instruments in which ETHE invests, even though the Fund does not hold those instruments directly. The value of ETHE fluctuates based on the price of Ether, which is influenced by regulatory developments, technological innovation, network adoption, competition, investor sentiment, and overall market conditions. Brokerage, custody, and management fees, as well as other expenses, may reduce the performance of ETHE and, consequently, the value of the Fund’s shares. Ether is a digital asset that is relatively new and subject to substantial volatility. The market value of Ether is determined primarily by supply and demand on digital asset trading platforms, adoption of blockchain technology, and global economic and regulatory conditions. Digital asset markets are largely unregulated and may be more vulnerable to fraud, manipulation, or trading halts than traditional securities markets. ETHE currently accepts only cash creations and redemptions rather than in-kind transactions involving Ether. This structural limitation may impair the efficiency of the arbitrage mechanism that normally aligns the market price of shares with their net asset value, potentially resulting in shares trading at significant premiums or discounts. The inability to facilitate in-kind creations or redemptions may also increase operational risk and transaction costs and could limit liquidity during periods of market stress. |
| ● | Ethereum Network and Technology Risks. ETHE’s performance depends on the proper functioning of the Ethereum network, an open-source, decentralized blockchain. Any disruption, failure, or modification to the network, including forks, consensus changes, or vulnerabilities, may adversely affect the value of Ether and, in turn, ETHE. Periods of network congestion or elevated transaction fees may also reduce efficiency and market confidence. ETHE relies on a third-party custodian to maintain its Ether holdings in secure storage. While such arrangements are designed to minimize the risk of loss, ETHE remains subject to operational, cybersecurity, or insolvency risks associated with its custodian, which could result in partial or total loss of assets. ETHE’s shareholders will not receive any benefits arising from hard forks, airdrops, or similar events affecting the Ethereum network. ETHE will irrevocably abandon any rights to new digital assets distributed through such events, which could prevent shareholders from realizing potential economic gains associated with those occurrences. |
| ● | Regulatory and Legal Risks. Digital assets and related investment vehicles operate within evolving and uncertain regulatory frameworks. Changes in laws, regulations, or governmental interpretations—domestically or abroad—could materially affect ETHE’s operations or the value of Ether. A determination that Ether constitutes a security or other regulated instrument could restrict trading, reduce liquidity, and adversely impact ETHE’s ability to achieve its investment objective. The regulatory landscape for digital assets varies significantly across jurisdictions. Adverse actions by regulators in key markets, including the United States, the European Union, and Asia—such as restrictions on trading platforms, reclassification of Ether, or limitations on custody—could materially affect the Ether market and ETHE’s valuation. Divergent global regulations may further increase compliance complexity and systemic risk. Uncertainty regarding whether registered broker-dealers may hold or transact in Ether under existing financial responsibility rules has delayed the development of in-kind creation and redemption mechanisms. Regulatory determinations in this area, or lack thereof, could materially impact ETHE’s structure, operations, and efficiency. |
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| ● | Market, Volatility, and Liquidity Risks. The price of Ether has been, and may continue to be, highly volatile. Ether’s value may fluctuate sharply due to speculative trading, macroeconomic events, or changes in investor sentiment. Ether may experience rapid and significant declines in value, including to zero, resulting in substantial losses to ETHE and the Fund. Because ETHE shares are not redeemable for Ether and creations are limited, shares may trade at a substantial premium or discount to their net asset value (“NAV”). Market demand, liquidity, and investor perceptions can contribute to persistent deviations between trading price and NAV. The absence of in-kind creations and redemptions may exacerbate such deviations and result in less effective arbitrage during periods of volatility or market stress. |
| ● | Operational, Custody, and Counterparty Risks. ETHE depends on Grayscale and third-party service providers for custody, administration, valuation, and operational services. Failures or disruptions in these systems could adversely affect ETHE’s ability to value its holdings, maintain custody of its assets, or conduct routine operations. Insolvency or default by any key service provider could result in loss or delay in accessing ETHE’s Ether holdings. Both ETHE and the Ethereum network are subject to cybersecurity threats, including hacking, theft, and data breaches. A successful attack could result in loss of assets, operational disruption, or damage to investor confidence in digital asset markets generally. |
| ● | Digital Asset Market Structure Risks. The Fund is indirectly exposed to the trading venues on which Ether is bought and sold. Digital asset trading platforms are relatively new and, in many cases, less regulated than traditional securities or commodities exchanges. Failures, insolvencies, cyber incidents, or fraudulent activity at such trading platforms could cause severe market disruptions and impair ETHE’s ability to value or liquidate its holdings. A substantial portion of Ether trading occurs on trading platforms located outside the United States. Offshore markets may lack transparency, offer limited investor protections, and be prone to market manipulation. Failures or restrictions in such markets could reduce Ether liquidity and pricing efficiency. Because of these market structure limitations and ETHE’s reliance on cash creations and redemptions, the arbitrage mechanism may not function as efficiently as it does for comparable products that transact in-kind, increasing the likelihood of share price deviations from NAV. |
| ● | Environmental, Technological, and Smart-Contract Risks. Although Ethereum transitioned from a proof-of-work to a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism, environmental and energy-use considerations continue to influence regulatory and investor perceptions. Future policy changes or market preferences motivated by environmental concerns could adversely affect Ether’s adoption or valuation. The Ethereum network also supports decentralized applications and “smart contracts,” including decentralized finance (“DeFi”) protocols. Security vulnerabilities, operational failures, or fraud involving these applications could undermine confidence in the Ethereum ecosystem and negatively affect the price of Ether. ETHE is currently prohibited from engaging in staking or participating in the Ethereum proof-of-stake validation mechanism. As a result, it will not receive any staking rewards or other income that could otherwise accrue to direct holders of Ether. This limitation may place ETHE at a competitive disadvantage relative to vehicles or investors able to engage in staking activities. |
| ● | Concentration and Non-Diversification Risks. ETHE is a non-diversified trust that invests substantially all of its assets in Ether. As such, ETHE is subject to greater market risk and volatility than diversified investment vehicles. A decline in the value of Ether would have a direct and significant negative impact on ETHE’s net asset value and, consequently, on the value of the Fund’s investments. ETHE’s reliance on a limited number of custodians, liquidity providers, and other key service providers may further increase concentration risk in its operational and counterparty relationships. |
| ● | No 1940 Act Protections. The Underlying ETP is not registered as an investment company subject to the 1940 Act. Accordingly, investors in the Underlying ETP would not have the protections expressly provided by that statute, including: provisions preventing Underlying ETP insiders from managing the Underlying ETP to their benefit and to the detriment of shareholders; provisions preventing an Underlying ETP from issuing securities having inequitable or discriminatory provisions; provisions preventing management by irresponsible persons; provisions preventing the use of unsound or misleading methods of computing Underlying ETP earnings and asset value; provisions prohibiting suspension of redemptions (except under limited circumstances); provisions limiting fund leverage; provisions imposing a fiduciary duty on fund managers with respect to receipt of compensation for services; and provisions preventing changes in the Underlying ETP’s character without the consent of shareholders. Although the Fund invests in the Underlying ETP only indirectly, the Fund’s investments are expected to be subject to loss as a result of these risks. |
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Ether Risks. The Fund’s exposure to ETHE indirectly exposes the Fund to the risks associated with an investment in ether. Ether is a relatively new innovation and is subject to unique and substantial risks. The market for ether is subject to rapid price swings, changes and uncertainty. The further development of the Ethereum Network and the acceptance and use of ether are subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. The slowing, stopping or reversing of the development of the Ethereum Network or the acceptance of ether may adversely affect the price and liquidity of ether. Ether is subject to the risk of fraud, theft, manipulation or security failures, operational or other problems that impact ether trading venues. Additionally, if one or a coordinated group of validators were to gain control of 33% or more of staked ether (i.e., ether that is deposited to support the Ethereum Network), they would have the ability to execute extensive attacks, manipulate transactions and fraudulently obtain ether. If such a validator or group of validators were to gain control of one-third of staked ether, they could halt payments. A significant portion of ether is held by a small number of holders sometimes referred to as “whales”. Transactions by these holders may influence the price of ether.
Unlike the exchanges for more traditional assets, such as equity securities and futures contracts, ether and ether trading venues are largely unregulated. As a result of the lack of regulation, individuals or groups may engage in fraud or market manipulation (including using social media to promote ether in a way that artificially increases the price of ether). Investors may be more exposed to the risk of theft, fraud and market manipulation than when investing in more traditional asset classes. Over the past several years, a number of ether trading venues have been closed due to fraud, failure or security breaches. Investors in ether may have little or no recourse should such theft, fraud or manipulation occur and could suffer significant losses.
The realization of any of these risks could result in a decline in the acceptance of ether and consequently a reduction in the value of ether, ether futures, and the Fund.
Additionally, legal or regulatory changes may negatively impact the operation of the Ethereum Network or restrict the use of ether. For example, if ether were determined to be or were expected to be determined to be a security under the federal securities laws, it is possible certain trading venues would no longer facilitate trading in ether, trading in ether futures may become significantly more volatile and/or completely halted, and the value of an investment in the Fund could decline significantly and without warning, including to zero.
Finally, the creation of a “fork” (as described above) or a substantial giveaway of ether (sometimes referred to as an “air drop”) may result in significant and unexpected declines in the value of ether, ether futures, and the Fund. A fork may be intentional, such as the ‘Merge.’ The ‘Merge’ refers to protocol changes altering the method by which transactions are validated.
The market for ether futures may be less developed, and potentially less liquid and more volatile, than more established futures markets. While the ether futures market has grown substantially since ether futures commenced trading, there can be no assurance that this growth will continue. The price for ether futures contracts is based on a number of factors, including the supply of and the demand for ether futures contracts. Market conditions and expectations, regulatory limitations or limitations imposed by the listing exchanges or futures commission merchants (“FCMs”) (e.g., margin requirements, position limits, and accountability levels), collateral requirements, availability of counterparties, and other factors each can impact the supply of and demand for ether futures contracts.
Market conditions and expectations, margin requirements, position limits, accountability levels, collateral requirements, availability of counterparties, and other factors may also limit the Fund’s ability to achieve its desired exposure to ether futures contracts. If the Fund is unable to achieve such exposure it may not be able to meet its investment objective and the Fund’s returns may be different or lower than expected. Additionally, collateral requirements may require the Fund to liquidate its positions, potentially incurring losses and expenses, when it otherwise would not do so. Investing in derivatives like ether futures may be considered aggressive and may expose the Fund to significant risks. These risks include counterparty risk and liquidity risk.
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Defiance Gold LightningSpread™ Income ETF – Specific Risks
GLD Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of GLD. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of GLD, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of GLD, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | GLD Trading Risk. An investment in GLD is subject to substantial risks, in particular risks associated with investing in the gold market. GLD is subject to market fluctuations influenced by large-scale gold sales, especially during economic crises, which can adversely impact gold prices and, in turn, the investment value of the Shares. Historical instances, such as the 2008 financial crisis, demonstrated this volatility, where substantial gold sales led to a marked decrease in its market price. Moreover, large disposals of gold by the official sector – encompassing central banks and other government entities – could result in a supply surplus, potentially diminishing gold’s market value. The valuation of the gold held by GLD is closely tied to the LBMA Gold Price PM. This benchmark is established through a bidding process by various market participants and any inaccuracies in its calculation or modifications to the benchmark process could significantly impact the Trust’s gold valuation and the investment value in Shares. |
GLD faces significant custodial and safeguarding risks regarding its gold holdings. There is an inherent danger of these gold bars being lost, damaged, stolen, or becoming inaccessible due to factors such as natural disasters or terrorism. GLD does not insure its gold, and the insurance held by its custodian might not fully cover potential losses. The custodian’s liability is restricted to direct losses from negligence, fraud, or willful default, limited to the gold’s market value at the time of the incident, a constraint that also applies to any subcustodians. Additionally, legal and practical difficulties in foreign jurisdictions could complicate the enforcement of rights or claims. The custodian, not specifically regulated for gold bullion custody, relies on industry best practices and internal controls, which presents a security risk for GLD’s gold. Furthermore, gold in GLD’s unallocated accounts isn’t segregated from the custodian’s assets, thus in the event of the custodian’s insolvency, GLD would be an unsecured creditor, potentially leading to delays and extra costs in recovering allocated gold. These challenges in dealing with subcustodians and the potential complications in legal actions due to the lack of direct contractual arrangements and the intricacies of foreign legal systems highlight the significant custodial risks in investing in GLD Shares.
| ● | Indirect Investments in GLD. GLD is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with the offering of the Fund in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate action that might affect the value of Shares. GLD is not a registered investment company subject to the 1940 Act. Accordingly, investors in GLD (including the Fund via its indirect investments) do not have the protections expressly provided by that statute, including: provisions preventing GLD insiders from managing GLD to their benefit and to the detriment of shareholders; provisions preventing GLD from issuing securities having inequitable or discriminatory provisions; provisions preventing management by irresponsible persons; provisions preventing the use of unsound or misleading methods of computing GLD earnings and asset value; provisions prohibiting suspension of redemptions (except under limited circumstances); provisions limiting fund leverage; provisions imposing a fiduciary duty on fund managers with respect to receipt of compensation for services; and provisions preventing changes in GLD’s character without the consent of shareholders. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of GLD but will be exposed to the performance of GLD. Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the Underlying ETP but will be subject to declines in the performance of the Underlying ETP. Although the Fund invests in GLD only indirectly, the Fund’s investments are subject to loss as a result of these risks. |
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● | Gold Performance Risk. Price movements in gold may fluctuate quickly and dramatically, have a historically low correlation with the returns of the stock and bond markets, and may not correlate to the price movements in other asset classes. The price of gold bullion can be significantly affected by international monetary and political developments such as currency devaluation or revaluation, central bank movements, economic and social conditions within a country, transactional or trade imbalances, or trade or currency restrictions between countries. Physical gold bullion has sales commission, storage, insurance and auditing expenses. Additional factors that impact the price of gold include, but are not limited to, overall market movements, changes in interest rates, changes in the global supply and demand for gold, the quantity of gold imports and exports, factors that impact gold production, such as drought, floods and weather conditions, technological advances in the processing and mining of gold and an increase in the hedging of precious metals, such as gold. Investments in gold generally may be speculative and subject to greater price volatility than investments in other types of assets. The price of metals, such as gold, is related to, among other things, worldwide metal prices and extraction and production costs. Worldwide metal prices may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time, and as a result, the Fund’s share price may be more volatile than other types of investments. |
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| ● | No 1940 Act Protections. The Underlying ETP is not an investment company subject to the 1940 Act. Accordingly, investors in the Underlying ETP do not have the protections expressly provided by that statute, including: provisions preventing Underlying ETP insiders from managing the Underlying ETP to their benefit and to the detriment of shareholders; provisions preventing the Underlying ETP from issuing securities having inequitable or discriminatory provisions; provisions preventing management by irresponsible persons; provisions preventing the use of unsound or misleading methods of computing Underlying ETP earnings and asset value; provisions prohibiting suspension of redemptions (except under limited circumstances); provisions limiting fund leverage; provisions imposing a fiduciary duty on fund managers with respect to receipt of compensation for services; and provisions preventing changes in the Underlying ETP’s character without the consent of shareholders. Although the Fund invests in the Underlying ETP only indirectly, the Fund’s investments are subject to loss as a result of these risks. |
Defiance Gold Miners LightningSpread™ Income ETF – Specific Risks
GDX Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of an ETF, specifically GDX. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of GDX, as well as the types of instruments in which GDX invests, even though it does not. The value of GDX will fluctuate over time based on fluctuations in the values of the securities held by GDX, which may be affected by changes in general economic conditions, expectations for future growth and profits, interest rates and the supply and demand for those securities. Brokerage, tax and other expenses may negatively impact the performance of GDX and, in turn, the value of the Fund’s shares. Since GDX is an ETF, it is also subject to the same structural risks as the Fund, which is an ETF. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of GDX, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | Risk of Investing in Gold and Silver Mining Companies. The Fund is exposed indirectly to gold and silver mining companies selected by GDX’s investment adviser, which subjects the Fund to the risks associated with such companies. GDX will be sensitive to, and its performance will depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition of gold and silver mining companies. Investments related to gold and silver are considered speculative and are affected by a variety of factors. Competitive pressures may have a significant effect on the financial condition of gold and silver mining companies. Also, gold and silver mining companies are highly dependent on the price of gold and silver bullion, respectively, and may be adversely affected by a variety of worldwide economic, financial and political factors. The price of gold and silver may fluctuate substantially over short periods of time so GDX’s, and therefore the Fund’s, Share price may be more volatile than other types of investments. Fluctuation in the prices of gold and silver may be due to a number of factors, including changes in inflation, changes in currency exchange rates and changes in industrial and commercial demand for metals (including fabricator demand). Additionally, increased environmental or labor costs may depress the value of metal investments. |
| ● | Special Risk Considerations of Investing in Canadian Issuers. The Fund is exposed indirectly to Canadian issuers selected by GDX’s investment adviser, which subjects the Fund to the risks associated with such companies. Investments in securities of Canadian issuers, including issuers located outside of Canada that generate significant revenue from Canada, involve risks and special considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities markets. The Canadian economy is very dependent on the demand for, and supply and price of, natural resources. The Canadian market is relatively concentrated in issuers involved in the production and distribution of natural resources. There is a risk that any changes in natural resources sectors could have an adverse impact on the Canadian economy. Additionally, the Canadian economy is heavily dependent on relationships with certain key trading partners including the United States, countries in the European Union and China. Because the United States is Canada’s largest trading partner and foreign investor, the Canadian economy is dependent on and may be significantly affected by the U.S. economy. Reduction in spending on Canadian products and services or changes in the U.S. economy may adversely impact the Canadian economy. Trade agreements may further increase Canada’s dependency on the U.S. economy, and uncertainty as to future trade agreements may cause a decline in the value of GDX’s, and therefore the Fund’s, Shares. Past periodic demands by the Province of Quebec for sovereignty have significantly affected equity valuations and foreign currency movements in the Canadian market and such demands may have this effect in the future. In addition, certain sectors of Canada’s economy may be subject to foreign ownership limitations. This may negatively impact GDX’s, and therefore the Fund’s, ability to invest in Canadian issuers and to track the Gold Miners Index. |
| ● | Special Risk Considerations of Investing in Australian Issuers. The Fund is exposed indirectly to Australian issuers selected by GDX’s investment adviser, which subjects the Fund to the risks associated with such companies. Investments in securities of Australian issuers involve risks and special considerations not typically associated with investments in the U.S. securities markets. The Australian economy is heavily dependent on exports from the agriculture and mining industries. This makes the Australian economy susceptible to fluctuations in the commodity markets. Australia is also dependent on trading with key trading partners. |
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| ● | Special Risk Considerations of Investing in African Issuers. Investing in securities of African issuers, including companies outside Africa that derive significant revenue from the continent, involves risks not typically associated with U.S. markets. These risks include political instability, government intervention, confiscatory taxation, armed conflict, terrorism, infectious disease outbreaks, and social unrest. Additionally, Africa is prone to natural disasters and economic volatility tied to environmental events. Its securities markets are underdeveloped and often less correlated with global economic cycles. Some African nations are classified as “frontier markets,” which have smaller economies and less developed capital markets, making them particularly susceptible to market volatility, illiquidity, inflation, and trading restrictions. Moreover, certain African economies are heavily dependent on commodity exports such as oil, gold, and agricultural products, making them vulnerable to price fluctuations. Foreign investment restrictions, government controls, and additional taxation further heighten investment risks. |
| ● | These factors make investing in African issuers significantly riskier than investing in developed markets, potentially impacting the value of GDX’s shares. Capital repatriation restrictions and currency fluctuations, especially in countries with currencies pegged to the U.S. dollar, can further complicate investment returns. Delays or limitations on converting and repatriating funds may reduce liquidity and hinder GDX’s ability to meet its investment objectives. In times of market stress, GDX may need to suspend redemptions or limit new creations of shares, leading to significant premiums or discounts in trading prices. Prolonged redemption pressures could increase transaction costs and result in higher taxable distributions. Additionally, the presence of illiquid assets in GDX’s portfolio may make valuation more challenging. |
| ● | Risk of Investing in Foreign Securities. The Fund is exposed indirectly to the securities of foreign issuers selected by GDX’s investment adviser, which subjects the Fund to the risks associated with such companies. Investments in the securities of foreign issuers involve risks beyond those associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional risks include greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable financial information, higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign governments, decreased market liquidity and political instability. Because certain foreign securities markets may be limited in size, the activity of large traders may have an undue influence on the prices of securities that trade in such markets. GDX, and therefore the Fund, invests in securities of issuers located in countries whose economies are heavily dependent upon trading with key partners. Any reduction in this trading may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s investments. |
| ● | Risk of Investing in Emerging Market Issuers. The Fund is exposed indirectly to the securities of emerging market issuers selected by GDX’s investment adviser, which subjects the Fund to the risks associated with such companies. Investments in securities of emerging market issuers are exposed to a number of risks that may make these investments volatile in price or difficult to trade. Emerging markets are more likely than developed markets to experience problems with the clearing and settling of trades, as well as the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Political risks may include unstable governments, nationalization, restrictions on foreign ownership, laws that prevent investors from getting their money out of a country and legal systems that do not protect property rights as well as the laws of the United States. Market risks may also include economies that concentrate in only a few industries, securities issues that are held by only a few investors, liquidity issues and limited trading capacity in local exchanges and the possibility that markets or issues may be manipulated by foreign nationals who have inside information. The frequency, availability and quality of financial information about investments in emerging markets varies. GDX, and therefore the Fund, has limited rights and few practical remedies in emerging markets and the ability of U.S. authorities to bring enforcement actions in emerging markets may be limited, and GDX’s, and therefore the Fund’s, passive investment approach does not take account of these risks. All of these factors can make emerging market securities more volatile and potentially less liquid than securities issued in more developed markets. |
| ● | Risk of Investing in Depositary Receipts. The Fund may be exposed indirectly to depositary receipts selected by GDX’s investment adviser, which subjects the Fund to the risks associated with such depositary receipts. GDX, and therefore the Fund, may invest in depositary receipts which involve similar risks to those associated with investments in foreign securities. Depositary receipts are receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges issued by banks or trust companies that entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on the underlying foreign shares. Investments in depositary receipts may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market and, if not included in the Gold Miners Index, may negatively affect GDX’s, and therefore the Fund’s, ability to replicate the performance of the Gold Miners Index. The issuers of depositary receipts may discontinue issuing new depositary receipts and withdraw existing depositary receipts at any time, which may result in costs and delays in the distribution of the underlying assets to GDX, and therefore the Fund, and may negatively impact GDX’s, and therefore the Fund’s, performance and GDX’s, and therefore the Fund’s, ability to replicate/track the performance of its Index. |
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| ● | Risk of Investing in Small- and Medium-Capitalization Companies. The Fund is exposed indirectly to small- and medium-capitalization companies selected by GDX’s investment adviser, which subjects the Fund to the risks associated with such companies. Small- and medium-capitalization companies may be more volatile and more likely than large-capitalization companies to have narrower product lines, fewer financial resources, less management depth and experience and less competitive strength. In addition, these companies often have greater price volatility, lower trading volume and less liquidity than larger more established companies. Returns on investments in securities of small- and medium-capitalization companies could trail the returns on investments in securities of large-capitalization companies. |
| ● | Equity Securities Risk. The Fund is exposed indirectly to the equity securities of companies selected by GDX’s investment adviser, which subjects the Fund to the risks associated with such companies. The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the markets in which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors relating to specific issuers in which the Fund invests. Equity securities are subordinated to preferred securities and debt in a company’s capital structure with respect to priority in right to a share of corporate income, and therefore will be subject to greater dividend risk than preferred securities or debt instruments. In addition, while broad market measures of equity securities have historically generated higher average returns than fixed income securities, equity securities have generally also experienced significantly more volatility in those returns, although under certain market conditions fixed income securities may have comparable or greater price volatility. |
| ● | Foreign Currency Risk. The Fund is subject to foreign currency risk indirectly due to GDX’s investments. Because all or a portion of the income received by GDX from its investments and/or the revenues received by the underlying issuer will generally be denominated in foreign currencies, GDX’s exposure to foreign currencies and changes in the value of foreign currencies versus the U.S. dollar may result in reduced returns for GDX (and therefore the Fund), and the value of certain foreign currencies may be subject to a high degree of fluctuation. Moreover, GDX may incur costs in connection with conversions between U.S. dollars and foreign currencies. |
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● | Operational Risk. GDX is exposed to operational risks arising from human error, processing and communication failures, errors by service providers, counterparties, or third parties, as well as inadequate processes, technology malfunctions, or system failures. |
| ● | Index Tracking Risk. GDX’s returns may not match those of the Index due to operating expenses, transaction costs, and regulatory or market disruptions. Errors in Index data, computation, or methodology may further impact performance. Tracking error may increase due to rebalancing costs, ad hoc Index changes, legal restrictions, liquidity issues, adverse tax consequences, and regulatory limitations. The use of depositary receipts, fair value pricing, currency convertibility issues, and withholding taxes may also contribute to tracking deviations. Market volatility, reliance on borrowings for redemptions, and tax-related securities sales could further increase tracking risk. As a result, GDX’s returns may deviate significantly from those of the Index, particularly during periods of rebalancing or reconstitution. | |
| ● | Passive Management Risk. GDX is not actively managed, meaning it generally does not sell securities unless they are removed from the Index, even if an issuer is in financial distress. If a security is removed, GDX may be forced to sell it at an unfavorable time or price. GDX is exposed to market fluctuations caused by economic and political events, interest rate changes, and broader market trends. The Index may not always reflect an optimal mix of securities for all economic conditions, and delays in scheduled rebalancing could further impact performance. Unlike actively managed funds, GDX does not employ defensive strategies to mitigate market volatility, potentially leading to underperformance during adverse market conditions. | |
| ● | Non-Diversified and Index-Related Concentration Risks. As a non-diversified fund, GDX may have a higher concentration of assets in fewer issuers, making it more volatile than diversified funds. A significant gain or loss in a single investment may have an outsized impact on GDX’s net asset value. Additionally, GDX’s portfolio may be concentrated in specific sectors or industries based on the Index’s composition. This increases the risk that adverse developments in those sectors or industries could negatively impact GDX more than a fund with broader diversification. |
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Defiance Silver LightningSpread™ Income ETF – Specific Risks
SLV Risks. The Fund invests in derivative instruments that are based on the value of SLV. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of SLV, even though it does not. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments that are based on the value of SLV, the Fund may also be subject to the following risks:
| ● | SLV Trading Risk. An investment in SLV is subject to various risks, notably those linked to the dynamics and perception of the LBMA Silver Price. The LBMA, or London Bullion Market Association, plays a crucial role in setting the benchmark for silver prices. It is an international trade association representing the London market for gold and silver bullion, which has a major influence on the global bullion markets. The LBMA Silver Price, determined through an electronic auction managed by ICE Benchmark Administration, is central to the Trust’s valuation and operation. However, potential electronic failures or concerns about the LBMA Silver Price being susceptible to manipulation could lead to delays or inaccuracies in the auction price. This uncertainty could affect the Trust’s valuation of its silver holdings, the calculation of fees, and the pricing of silver sales. Moreover, a loss of confidence in the fairness or integrity of the LBMA Silver Price could change investor behavior, thereby impacting the overall silver market and the value of the shares. |
SLV’s exclusive investment in silver heightens its volatility compared to more diversified portfolios. Silver prices, which SLV’s net asset value closely tracks, have historically experienced significant and unpredictable fluctuations. SLV is a speculative investment, suitable primarily for those who can absorb potential losses. The physical silver market’s supply and demand dynamics can further complicate this investment. For example, if the demand for silver exceeds the available supply that meets SLV’s standards, it could obstruct the issuance of new shares. Such a supply-demand mismatch may lead to increased volatility in the share price and a significant divergence from the net asset value. This scenario highlights the speculative nature of silver investments and emphasizes the need for investors to be cognizant of the potential for substantial losses or gains, influenced by market conditions and the inherent volatility of silver.
| ● | Indirect Investments in SLV. SLV is not affiliated with the Trust, the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, or their respective affiliates and is not involved with the offering of the Fund in any way and has no obligation to consider your Shares in taking any corporate action that might affect the value of Shares. SLV is not a registered investment company subject to the 1940 Act. Accordingly, investors in SLV (including the Fund via its indirect investments) do not have the protections expressly provided by that statute, including: provisions preventing SLV insiders from managing SLV to their benefit and to the detriment of shareholders; provisions preventing SLV from issuing securities having inequitable or discriminatory provisions; provisions preventing management by irresponsible persons; provisions preventing the use of unsound or misleading methods of computing SLV earnings and asset value; provisions prohibiting suspension of redemptions (except under limited circumstances); provisions limiting fund leverage; provisions imposing a fiduciary duty on fund managers with respect to receipt of compensation for services; and provisions preventing changes in SLV’s character without the consent of shareholders. Investors in the Fund will not have voting rights and will not be able to influence management of SLV but will be exposed to the performance of SLV. Investors in the Fund will not have rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the Underlying ETP but will be subject to declines in the performance of the Underlying ETP. Although the Fund invests in SLV only indirectly, the Fund’s investments are subject to loss as a result of these risks. |
| ● | SLV Performance Risk. The iShares Silver Trust may fail to meet its publicly announced guidelines or other expectations about its business, which could cause the price of SLV to decline. The iShares Silver Trust provides guidance regarding its expected financial and business performance, such as projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and the guidance the iShares Silver Trust provides may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new product manufacturing ramps. The guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to global and local economic conditions, anticipated production and sales volumes (which generally are not linear throughout a given period), average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If iShares Silver Trust’s guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to its inability to meet the assumptions or the impact on its financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of common stock issued by iShares Silver Trust could decline significantly. |
Following an investment in the iShares Silver Trust, several factors may have the effect of causing a decline in the prices of silver and a corresponding decline in the price of the shares. Among them: (i) A change in economic conditions, such as a recession, can adversely affect the price of silver. Silver is used in a wide range of industrial applications, and an economic downturn could have a negative impact on its demand and, consequently, its price and the price of the shares. (ii) A significant change in the attitude of speculators and investors towards silver. Should the speculative community take a negative view towards silver, a decline in world silver prices could occur, negatively impacting the price of the shares. (iii) A significant increase in silver price hedging activity by silver producers. Traditionally, silver producers have not hedged to the same extent as other producers of precious metals (gold, for example) do. Should there be an increase in the level of hedge activity of silver producing companies, it could cause a decline in world silver prices, adversely affecting the price of the shares.
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| ● | No 1940 Act Protections. The Underlying ETP is not an investment company subject to the 1940 Act. Accordingly, investors in the Underlying ETP do not have the protections expressly provided by that statute, including: provisions preventing Underlying ETP insiders from managing the Underlying ETP to their benefit and to the detriment of shareholders; provisions preventing the Underlying ETP from issuing securities having inequitable or discriminatory provisions; provisions preventing management by irresponsible persons; provisions preventing the use of unsound or misleading methods of computing Underlying ETP earnings and asset value; provisions prohibiting suspension of redemptions (except under limited circumstances); provisions limiting fund leverage; provisions imposing a fiduciary duty on fund managers with respect to receipt of compensation for services; and provisions preventing changes in the Underlying ETP’s character without the consent of shareholders. Although the Fund invests in the Underlying ETP only indirectly, the Fund’s investments are subject to loss as a result of these risks. |
Defiance Solana LightningSpread™ Income ETF – Specific Risks
SOLZ Risks. The Fund invests in instruments based on the value of SOLZ. The Fund is therefore subject to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of SOLZ, as well as the risks associated with the assets held by SOLZ, even though the Fund does not hold those assets directly. The value of SOLZ will fluctuate with the price of SOL, which is influenced by regulatory developments, technology changes, network adoption, competition, supply/demand dynamics in the Solana ecosystem, investor sentiment and other factors. Brokerage, custody, management fees and other expenses may negatively impact SOLZ’s performance and thereby the value of the Fund’s shares.
| ● | Solana Futures Contracts and Rolling Risk. Solana futures are cash-settled instruments with specified expirations, requiring the SOLZ to “roll” positions into later-dated contracts as near-month contracts approach expiration. Markets for Solana futures may experience contango (longer-dated contracts priced higher than near-dated contracts) or backwardation (the opposite), either of which can cause SOLZ’s performance to diverge from the spot price of SOL. In periods of contango—historically pronounced for certain digital-asset futures—SOLZ may incur persistent negative roll yield by selling lower-priced expiring contracts and buying higher-priced later-dated contracts, which can materially depress NAV and total return, particularly when investing in back-month contracts. | |
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● | Futures Market and Leverage Risk. Futures trading involves risks that include imperfect correlation with the reference asset; limited secondary-market liquidity; the potential inability to close positions when desired; and losses from unanticipated market movements. Because margin requirements are typically a fraction of the notional value, futures create embedded leverage: small adverse price moves can produce outsized losses (including losses exceeding the amount initially invested in the contract) and require daily variation margin payments at times when SOLZ may have limited cash. Rapid selling to meet margin or risk limits may result in unfavorable execution prices. |
| ● | Position Limits, Price Limits, and Market Disruptions. Solana futures are subject to CFTC and exchange-imposed position limits designed to curb excessive speculation, as well as price limits that restrict intraday trading ranges and may halt trading. If limits are reached or if liquidity is otherwise constrained—due to market disruptions, accountability levels, FCM restrictions, or margin changes—SOLZ may be unable to transact in Solana futures as intended. In such circumstances, the Adviser may, in SOLZ’s best interests and subject to then-current facts and circumstances, use Solana-linked instruments other than futures, adjust or suspend creations, require EFRP-based creations/redemptions, apply variable transaction fees, or de-lever the portfolio relative to its investment objective. | |
| ● | Regulatory and Instrument-Selection Risk. The legal status of digital assets continues to evolve. A judicial or regulatory determination that SOL is a “security” under the federal securities laws could adversely affect SOL’s value and, depending on the circumstances, could require SOLZ to alter operations materially or liquidate. SOLZ may also seek exposure through Solana-linked ETPs, swaps, and other derivatives, each of which entails additional risks— including management fees and tracking differences for ETPs; counterparty and valuation risk for swaps; and potential increases in correlation error versus SOL. Transaction costs, position limits, counterparty availability, and structural features of non-futures instruments can further reduce correlation with SOL and impede achievement of SOLZ’s objective. | |
| ● | Liquidity, Counterparty, and Clearing Risks. The Solana futures market may experience periods of limited liquidity, during which it could be difficult or impossible to enter, liquidate, or adjust positions at reasonable prices or sizes. SOLZ is exposed to the credit and operational risks of futures commission merchants and clearinghouses; an FCM or clearinghouse failure, shortfall, or non-compliance with segregation rules could result in loss of posted margin and unrealized gains and prolonged recovery periods. Centrally cleared derivatives concentrate risk in a small number of clearing entities, and applicable resolution regimes could impair SOLZ’s ability to exercise remedies or realize on collateral. |
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| ● | Operational, Trading, and Market Structure Risks. Active management, frequent rolling of futures, and rebalancing activity may increase transaction costs, contribute to market impact, and lead to tracking differences or underperformance. Shares may trade at a premium or discount to NAV, particularly during market stress or when AP or market-maker participation is limited, widening bid-ask spreads and impairing secondary-market liquidity. Additional risks applicable to SOLZ’s operations include valuation risk (for instruments priced other than by quoted market trades), new-fund risk, non-diversification risk, cybersecurity and other operational risks, the use of reverse repurchase agreements and collateral investments (with associated interest-rate and credit risks), and potential tax risks related to SOLZ’s structure and its use of a controlled foreign subsidiary to obtain futures exposure. |
SOL Risks. The Fund’s investment strategy, involving indirect exposure to Solana is subject to uncertainties, and potential financial losses. SOL and SOL-related investments are relatively new and subject to unique and substantial risks. SOL has historically been subject to significant price volatility and the value of an investment in the Fund could decline rapidly and significantly. The performance of SOL-related investments, and therefore the performance of the Fund, may differ significantly from the performance of SOL. As with all investments, there is no assurance of profit, and investors should be cognizant of these specific risks associated with SOL and SOL-related investments:
| ● | SOL is a relatively new innovation and is subject to unique and substantial risks. SOL operates as a decentralized, peer-to-peer financial trading platform and value storage that is used like money. However, it has no central governmental or banking authority, is not backed by any government and not a legal tender. The markets for SOL and SOL-related Investments may be less liquid and more volatile than other markets for more established products. It may be difficult to execute a SOL trade at a specific price when there is a relatively small volume of buy and sell orders in the SOL market. A market disruption can also make it more difficult to liquidate a position or find a suitable counterparty at a reasonable cost. |
| ● | The market for SOL is subject to rapid price swings, changes and uncertainty. A significant portion of the demand for SOL may be the result of speculation. The value of SOL has been, and may continue to be, substantially dependent on speculation. Such speculation regarding the potential future appreciation of the price of SOL may artificially inflate or deflate the price of SOL and increase volatility. A significant portion of SOL is held by a small number of holders sometimes referred to as “whales.” Transactions by these holders may influence the price of SOL and these holders may have the ability to manipulate the price of SOL. |
| ● | The further development of the SOL Network and the acceptance and use of SOL may be subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. The slowing, stopping or reversing of the development of the SOL Network or the acceptance of SOL may adversely affect the price and liquidity of SOL. |
| ● | If one or a coordinated group of validators were to gain control of a significant proportion of SOL, they could (depending on the proportion of control gained), impede, reverse or prevent confirmation of transactions, causing a fork in the blockchain that could result in one portion of the network running the pre-modification software and the other portion of the network running the modified software – an event that could negatively impact the value of SOL and in turn the value of the Fund. Gaining such control over the network could also result in manipulation of the blockchain and cast doubt on new SOL transactions on the Solana Network. | |
| ● | SOL is subject to the risk of fraud, theft, manipulation, securities failures, and operational or other problems that impact SOL trading venues. Unlike the exchanges for more traditional assets, such as equity securities and established futures contracts, SOL and SOL trading venues are largely unregulated and may be operating out of compliance with applicable regulation. As a result of the lack of regulation, individuals or groups may engage in fraud or market manipulation (including using social media to promote SOL in a way that may artificially increase the price of SOL). Investors may be more exposed to the risk of theft, fraud, market manipulation, and operational failures than when investing in more traditional asset classes. Over the past several years, the Solana Network has reportedly suffered multiple network outages including those arising from software problems, security vulnerabilities, and denial of service and bot attacks. Similarly, software and wallets employed by users and validators to access the Solana Network and transact in SOL may suffer from fraud, theft, disruptions, glitches or other problems negatively impacting the value of SOL and SOL-related Investments. Investors in SOL SOL-related Investments may have little or no recourse should such theft, fraud, manipulation or other problems occur and could suffer significant losses. |
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| ● | Legal or regulatory changes may negatively impact the operation of the Solana Network and Protocol or restrict the use of Solana. For example, if SOL were determined or were expected to be determined to be offered and sold as a security under the federal securities laws, it is possible certain trading venues would no longer facilitate trading in SOL, trading in SOL-related Investments may become significantly more volatile and/or completely halted, and the value of an investment in the Fund could decline significantly and without warning, including to zero. |
The realization of any of these risks could result in a decline in the acceptance of SOL and consequently a reduction in the value of SOL, SOL-related Investments, and the Fund.
Defiance XRP LightningSpread™ Income ETF – Specific Risks
XRPI Risks. The Fund invests in instruments based on the value of XRPI. The Fund is therefore subject to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of XRPI, as well as the risks associated with the assets held by XRPI, even though the Fund does not hold those assets directly. The value of XRPI will fluctuate with the price of XRP, which is influenced by regulatory developments, technology changes, network adoption, competition, supply/demand dynamics in the XRP ecosystem, investor sentiment and other factors. Brokerage, custody, management fees and other expenses may negatively impact XRPI’s performance and thereby the value of the Fund’s shares.
| ● | XRP Futures Contracts and Rolling Risk. XRP futures are cash-settled instruments with specified expirations, requiring the Fund to “roll” positions into later-dated contracts as near-month contracts approach expiration. Markets for XRP futures may experience contango (longer-dated contracts priced higher than near-dated contracts) or backwardation (the opposite), either of which can cause the Fund’s performance to diverge from the spot price of XRP. In periods of contango—historically pronounced for certain digital-asset futures—the Fund may incur persistent negative roll yield by selling lower-priced expiring contracts and buying higher-priced later-dated contracts, which can materially depress NAV and total return, particularly when investing in back-month contracts. |
| ● | Futures Market and Leverage Risk. Futures trading involves risks that include imperfect correlation with the reference asset; limited secondary-market liquidity; the potential inability to close positions when desired; and losses from unanticipated market movements. Because margin requirements are typically a fraction of the notional value, futures create embedded leverage: small adverse price moves can produce outsized losses (including losses exceeding the amount initially invested in the contract) and require daily variation margin payments at times when the Fund may have limited cash. Rapid selling to meet margin or risk limits may result in unfavorable execution prices. |
| ● | Position Limits, Price Limits, and Market Disruptions. XRP futures are subject to CFTC and exchange-imposed position limits designed to curb excessive speculation, as well as price limits that restrict intraday trading ranges and may halt trading. If limits are reached or if liquidity is otherwise constrained—due to market disruptions, accountability levels, FCM restrictions, or margin changes—the Fund may be unable to transact in XRP futures as intended. In such circumstances, the Adviser may, in the Fund’s best interests and subject to then-current facts and circumstances, use XRP-linked instruments other than futures, adjust or suspend creations, require EFRP-based creations/redemptions, apply variable transaction fees, or de-lever the portfolio relative to its investment objective. |
| ● | Regulatory and Instrument-Selection Risk. The legal status of digital assets continues to evolve. A judicial or regulatory determination that XRP is a “security” under the federal securities laws could adversely affect XRP’s value and, depending on the circumstances, could require the Fund to alter operations materially or liquidate. The Fund may also seek exposure through XRP-linked ETPs, swaps, and other derivatives, each of which entails additional risks— including management fees and tracking differences for ETPs; counterparty and valuation risk for swaps; and potential increases in correlation error versus XRP. Transaction costs, position limits, counterparty availability, and structural features of non-futures instruments can further reduce correlation with XRP and impede achievement of the Fund’s objective. |
| ● | Liquidity, Counterparty, and Clearing Risks. The XRP futures market may experience periods of limited liquidity, during which it could be difficult or impossible to enter, liquidate, or adjust positions at reasonable prices or sizes. The Fund is exposed to the credit and operational risks of futures commission merchants and clearinghouses; an FCM or clearinghouse failure, shortfall, or non-compliance with segregation rules could result in loss of posted margin and unrealized gains and prolonged recovery periods. Centrally cleared derivatives concentrate risk in a small number of clearing entities, and applicable resolution regimes could impair the Fund’s ability to exercise remedies or realize on collateral. |
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| ● | Operational, Trading, and Market Structure Risks. Active management, frequent rolling of futures, and rebalancing activity may increase transaction costs, contribute to market impact, and lead to tracking differences or underperformance. Shares may trade at a premium or discount to NAV, particularly during market stress or when AP or market-maker participation is limited, widening bid-ask spreads and impairing secondary-market liquidity. Additional risks applicable to the Fund’s operations include valuation risk (for instruments priced other than by quoted market trades), new-fund risk, non-diversification risk, cybersecurity and other operational risks, the use of reverse repurchase agreements and collateral investments (with associated interest-rate and credit risks), and potential tax risks related to the Fund’s structure and its use of a controlled foreign subsidiary to obtain futures exposure. |
XRP Risks. The Fund’s investment strategy, involving indirect exposure to XRP is subject to uncertainties, and potential financial losses. XRP and XRP-related investments are relatively new and subject to unique and substantial risks. XRP has historically been subject to significant price volatility and the value of an investment in the Fund could decline rapidly and significantly. The performance of XRP-related investments, and therefore the performance of the Fund, may differ significantly from the performance of XRP. As with all investments, there is no assurance of profit, and investors should be cognizant of these specific risks associated with XRP and XRP-related investments:
| ● | XRP is a relatively new innovation and is subject to unique and substantial risks. XRP operates as a decentralized, peer-to-peer financial trading platform and value storage that is used like money. However, it has no central governmental or banking authority, is not backed by any government and not a legal tender. The markets for XRP and XRP-related Investments may be less liquid and more volatile than other markets for more established products. It may be difficult to execute a XRP trade at a specific price when there is a relatively small volume of buy and sell orders in the XRP market. A market disruption can also make it more difficult to liquidate a position or find a suitable counterparty at a reasonable cost. |
| ● | The market for XRP is subject to rapid price swings, changes and uncertainty. A significant portion of the demand for XRP may be the result of speculation. The value of XRP has been, and may continue to be, substantially dependent on speculation. Such speculation regarding the potential future appreciation of the price of XRP may artificially inflate or deflate the price of XRP and increase volatility. A significant portion of XRP is held by a small number of holders sometimes referred to as “whales.” Transactions by these holders may influence the price of XRP and these holders may have the ability to manipulate the price of XRP. | |
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● | The further development of the XRP Network and the acceptance and use of XRP may be subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. The slowing, stopping or reversing of the development of the XRP Network or the acceptance of XRP may adversely affect the price and liquidity of XRP. |
| ● | If one or a coordinated group of validators were to gain control of a significant proportion of XRP, they could (depending on the proportion of control gained), impede, reverse or prevent confirmation of transactions, causing a fork in the blockchain that could result in one portion of the network running the pre-modification software and the other portion of the network running the modified software – an event that could negatively impact the value of XRP and in turn the value of the Fund. Gaining such control over the network could also result in manipulation of the blockchain and cast doubt on new XRP transactions on the XRP Network. | |
| ● | XRP is subject to the risk of fraud, theft, manipulation, securities failures, and operational or other problems that impact XRP trading venues. Unlike the exchanges for more traditional assets, such as equity securities and established futures contracts, XRP and XRP trading venues are largely unregulated and may be operating out of compliance with applicable regulation. As a result of the lack of regulation, individuals or groups may engage in fraud or market manipulation (including using social media to promote XRP in a way that may artificially increase the price of XRP). Investors may be more exposed to the risk of theft, fraud, market manipulation, and operational failures than when investing in more traditional asset classes. Over the past several years, the XRP Network has reportedly suffered multiple network outages including those arising from software problems, security vulnerabilities, and denial of service and bot attacks. Similarly, software and wallets employed by users and validators to access the XRP Network and transact in XRP may suffer from fraud, theft, disruptions, glitches or other problems negatively impacting the value of XRP and XRP-related Investments. Investors in XRP XRP-related Investments may have little or no recourse should such theft, fraud, manipulation or other problems occur and could suffer significant losses. |
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| ● | Legal or regulatory changes may negatively impact the operation of the XRP Network and Protocol or restrict the use of XRP. For example, if XRP were determined or were expected to be determined to be offered and sold as a security under the federal securities laws, it is possible certain trading venues would no longer facilitate trading in XRP, trading in XRP-related Investments may become significantly more volatile and/or completely halted, and the value of an investment in the Fund could decline significantly and without warning, including to zero. |
The realization of any of these risks could result in a decline in the acceptance of XRP and consequently a reduction in the value of XRP, XRP-related Investments, and the Fund.
Risks Applicable to All Funds
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investment exposure will be concentrated in (or substantially exposed to) the same industry or groups of industries, if any, to which the Underlying ETF is concentrated. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences that affect the price of such industries more than the market as a whole.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. This risk is greater for the Fund as it seeks to hold options contracts on a single security, and not a broader range of options contracts, which may limit the number of clearing members that are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy.
Distribution Risk. As part of each Fund’s investment objective, each Fund seeks to provide current income twice weekly. There is no assurance that a Fund will make more than one, or any, distribution in a given week. If a Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next.
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
ETF Risk
Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Funds have a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
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Cash Redemption Risk. Each Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, a Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, a Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause a Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, a Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on a Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of a Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP.
Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers and bid-ask spreads, which is the cost of the difference between the price at which an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares, which varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and the spread is generally lower if Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.
Management Risk. The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed portfolio. In managing the Fund’s investment portfolio, the portfolio manager will apply investment techniques and risk analyses that may not produce the desired result. There can be no guarantee that the Fund will meet its investment objective.
Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant.
Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the applicable Exchange, and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the applicable Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. This risk may be greater for the Funds as they seek to have exposure to a single underlying Index as opposed to a more diverse portfolio like a traditional pooled investment. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of a Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the applicable Exchange at a market price that may be below, at or above a Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the applicable Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on an Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the applicable Exchange’s “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the applicable Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of a Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. In the event of an unscheduled market close for options contracts that reference a single Index, such as the Underlying Issuers’ securities being halted or a market wide closure, settlement prices will be determined by the procedures of the listing exchange of the options contracts. As a result, a Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing.
Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Funds may actively and frequently trade all or a significant portion of the securities in its portfolio. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase a Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Funds due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the present value of a Fund’s assets and distributions, if any, may decline.
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Money Market Instrument Risk. The Funds may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.
NAV Erosion Risk Due to Distributions. If a Fund makes a distribution, the Fund’s NAV will typically drop by the amount of the distribution on the related ex-dividend date (i.e., the date by which you need to own a dividend-paying stock in order to receive the upcoming dividend payment). The repeated payment of distributions, if any, by a Fund may significantly erode the Fund’s NAV and trading price over time. As a result, an investor may suffer significant losses to their investment.
New Fund Risk. Each Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Non-Diversification Risk. Because each Fund is “non-diversified,” a Fund may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause a Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if such Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase a Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.
Operational Risk. Each Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Funds’ service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. Each Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect a Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Funds and the Funds’ investment advisor seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
Tax Risks
| ● | Tax Risk - Defiance Gold Miners LightningSpread™ Income ETF Only. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to Shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. |
| ● | Tax Risk - All other Funds. The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter. If the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer were to exceed 25% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC. |
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Funds may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so.
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PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
Information about each Fund’s daily portfolio holdings will be available on the Funds’ website at www.defianceetfs.com.
A complete description of each Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of a Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s SAI.
MANAGEMENT
Investment Adviser
Tidal Investments LLC (“Tidal” or “Adviser”), a Tidal Financial Group company, located at 234 West Florida Street, Suite 700, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, is an SEC registered investment adviser and a Delaware limited liability company. Tidal was founded in March 2012 and is dedicated to understanding, researching and managing assets within the expanding ETF universe. As of December 31, 2025, Tidal had assets under management of approximately $46.33 billion and served as the investment adviser or sub-adviser for 322 registered funds.
Tidal serves as investment adviser to the Funds and has overall responsibility for the general management and administration of the Funds pursuant to an investment advisory agreement with the Trust, on behalf of each Fund (the “Advisory Agreement”). The Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund’s portfolio, including determining the securities and financial instruments purchased and sold by each Fund, and trading portfolio securities and financial instruments for each Fund, including selecting broker-dealers to execute purchase and sale transactions. The Adviser also arranges for sub-advisory, transfer agency, custody, fund administration, and all other related services necessary for the Fund to operate. For the services provided to the Funds, each Fund pays the Adviser a unitary management fee of 0.99%, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on such Fund’s average daily net assets.
Under the Advisory Agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from the Fund, the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by such Fund, except for advisory fees, interest charges on any borrowings made for investment purposes, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by a Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, and litigation expenses, and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses (collectively, the “Excluded Expenses”).
Advisory Agreement
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Funds’ Advisory Agreement will be available in the Funds’ Semi-Annual Certified Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR for the period ending February 28, 2026.
Portfolio Manager
Mr. Scott Snyder (the “Portfolio Manager”) has served as a portfolio manager of each Fund since its inception in 2026. The Portfolio Manager is responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund and oversees trading and execution for the Funds.
Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager
Scott Snyder joined the Adviser in 2025 as SVP of Trading. Mr. Snyder has over 40 years of experience in the financial markets and more specifically in the options market. Mr. Snyder led the trading team at ZEGA Financial, LLC (“ZEGA”) before joining Tidal. He started his career in 1983 and for 20 years was an independent market maker on the floor of the CBOE. In 2003, Mr. Snyder joined think or swim as Chief Options Strategist for a subsidiary of think or swim advisors. Mr. Snyder then helped lead the RIA trading, execution platform support and option education business for TD Ameritrade and then Schwab from 2009-2024.
The Funds’ SAI provides additional information about the portfolio manager’s compensation structure, other accounts that the portfolio manager manages, and the portfolio manager’s ownership of Shares.
Fund Sponsor
The Adviser has entered into a fund sponsorship agreement with Defiance ETFs, LLC (“Defiance”) pursuant to which Defiance is a sponsor to the Funds. Under this arrangement, Defiance has agreed to provide financial support (as described below) to the Funds. Every month, unitary management fees for the Funds are calculated and paid to the Adviser, and the Adviser retains a portion of the unitary management fees from the Funds.
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In return for its financial support for the Funds, the Adviser has agreed to pay Defiance a portion of any remaining profits generated by unitary management fee the Funds. If the amount of the unitary management fees for a Fund exceeds the Fund’s operating expenses and the Adviser-retained amount, that excess amount is considered “remaining profit.” In that case, the Adviser will pay a portion of the remaining profits to Defiance.
Further, if the amount of the unitary management fee for a Fund is less than the Fund’s operating expenses and the Adviser-retained amount, Defiance is obligated to reimburse the Adviser for a portion of the shortfall.
HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES
Each Fund issues and redeems Shares only in Creation Units at the NAV per share next determined after receipt of an order from an AP. Only APs may acquire Shares directly from a Fund, and only APs may tender their Shares for redemption directly to the Funds, at NAV. APs must be a member or participant of a clearing agency registered with the SEC and must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor (defined below), and that has been accepted by a Fund’s transfer agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Once created, Shares trade in the secondary market in quantities less than a Creation Unit.
In order to purchase Creation Units of a Fund, an AP must generally deposit a designated portfolio of equity securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash. Purchases and redemptions of Creation Units primarily with cash, rather than through in-kind delivery of portfolio securities, may cause the Funds to incur certain costs. These costs could include brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that it might not have incurred if it had made redemption in-kind. These costs could be imposed on a Fund, and thus decrease the Fund’s NAV, to the extent that the costs are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP. Most investors buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers. Individual Shares are listed for trading on the secondary market on the applicable Exchange and can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded securities.
When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offer price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction. In addition, because secondary market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more than NAV when you buy Shares, and receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares.
Book Entry
Shares are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding Shares.
Investors owning Shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all Shares. DTC’s participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book-entry or “street name” through your brokerage account.
Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Shares
None of the Funds imposes any restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions of Shares. In determining not to approve a written, established policy, the Board evaluated the risks of market timing activities by a Fund’s shareholders. Purchases and redemptions by APs, who are the only parties that may purchase or redeem Shares directly with a Fund, are an essential part of the ETF process and help keep Share trading prices in line with the NAV. As such, the Funds accommodate frequent purchases and redemptions by APs. However, the Board has also determined that frequent purchases and redemptions for cash may increase tracking error and portfolio transaction costs and may lead to the realization of capital gains. To minimize these potential consequences of frequent purchases and redemptions, each Fund employs fair value pricing and may impose transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by such Fund in effecting trades. In addition, the Funds and the Adviser reserve the right to reject any purchase order at any time.
Determination of Net Asset Value
Each Fund’s NAV is calculated as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, each day the NYSE is open for regular business. The NAV for the Funds is calculated by dividing such Fund’s net assets by its Shares outstanding.
In calculating its NAV, each Fund generally value its assets on the basis of market quotations, last sale prices, or estimates of value furnished by a pricing service or brokers who make markets in such instruments. If such information is not available for a security held by a Fund or is determined to be unreliable, the security will be valued at fair value estimates under guidelines established by the Adviser (as described below).
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Each Fund values exchange-traded options at the composite mean price, calculated as the average of the highest bid and lowest ask prices across the exchanges on which the option is principally traded.
When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offer price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction. In addition, because secondary market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more than NAV when you buy Shares, and receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares.
Fair Value Pricing
The Board has designated the Adviser as the “valuation designee” for each Fund under Rule 2a-5 of the 1940 Act, subject to its oversight. The Adviser has adopted procedures and methodologies, which have been approved by the Board, to fair value Fund investments whose market prices are not “readily available” or are deemed to be unreliable. For example, such circumstances may arise when: (i) an investment has been delisted or has had its trading halted or suspended; (ii) an investment’s primary pricing source is unable or unwilling to provide a price; (iii) an investment’s primary trading market is closed during regular market hours; or (iv) an investment’s value is materially affected by events occurring after the close of the investment’s primary trading market. Generally, when fair valuing an investment, the Adviser will take into account all reasonably available information that may be relevant to a particular valuation including, but not limited to, fundamental analytical data regarding the issuer, information relating to the issuer’s business, recent trades or offers of the investment, general and/or specific market conditions, and the specific facts giving rise to the need to fair value the investment. Fair value determinations are made in good faith and in accordance with the fair value methodologies included in the Adviser-adopted valuation procedures. The Adviser will fair value Fund investments whose market prices are not “readily available” or are deemed to be unreliable. Due to the subjective and variable nature of fair value pricing, there can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to obtain the fair value assigned to the investment upon the sale of such investment.
Delivery of Shareholder Documents – Householding
Householding is an option available to certain investors of the Funds. Householding is a method of delivery, based on the preference of the individual investor, in which a single copy of certain shareholder documents can be delivered to investors who share the same address, even if their accounts are registered under different names. Householding for the Funds is available through certain broker-dealers. If you are interested in enrolling in householding and receiving a single copy of prospectuses and other shareholder documents, please contact your broker-dealer. If you are currently enrolled in householding and wish to change your householding status, please contact your broker-dealer.
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES
Dividends and Distributions
The Funds intend to pay out dividends and interest income, if any, twice weekly, and distribute any net realized capital gains to their shareholders at least annually.
The Funds will declare and pay income and capital gain distributions, if any, in cash. Distributions in cash may be reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares only if the broker through whom you purchased Shares makes such option available. Your broker is responsible for distributing the income and capital gain distributions to you.
Taxes
The following discussion is a summary of some important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Funds. Your investment in a Fund may have other tax implications. Please consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares, including the possible application of foreign, state, and local tax laws.
Each Fund intends to qualify each year for treatment as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. If it meets certain minimum distribution requirements, a RIC is not subject to tax at the fund level on income and gains from investments that are timely distributed to shareholders. However, a Fund’s failure to qualify as a RIC or to meet minimum distribution requirements would result (if certain relief provisions were not available) in fund-level taxation and, consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to shareholders.
Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA plan, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when a Fund makes distributions, when you sell your Shares listed on the applicable Exchange, and when you purchase or redeem Creation Units (institutional investors only).
The following general discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences is based on provisions of the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this Prospectus. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein.
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Taxes on Distributions. For federal income tax purposes, distributions of net investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income or qualified dividend income. Taxes on distributions of net capital gains (if any) are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned their Shares. Sales of assets held by a Fund for more than one year generally result in long-term capital gains and losses, and sales of assets held by such Fund for one year or less generally result in short-term capital gains and losses. Distributions of a Fund’s net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that are reported by such Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable as long-term capital gains. Distributions of short-term capital gain will generally be taxable as ordinary income. Dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares.
Distributions reported by a Fund as “qualified dividend income” are generally taxed to non-corporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided certain holding period and other requirements are met. “Qualified dividend income” generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that a Fund receives in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market. Due to the nature of each Fund’s principal investment strategies as described above, the Funds may have only a limited amount of or no qualified dividend income to distribute. Corporate shareholders may be entitled to a dividends-received deduction for the portion of dividends they receive from a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by such Fund from U.S. corporations, subject to certain limitations. Given the investment strategy of each Fund, it is unlikely that a Fund will have qualified dividend income
Shortly after the close of each calendar year, you will be informed of the character of any distributions received from a Fund.
In addition to the federal income tax, certain individuals, trusts, and estates with income exceeding specified thresholds may be subject to a Net Investment Income (“NII”) tax of 3.8%. The NII tax is imposed on the lesser of: (i) a taxpayer’s investment income, net of deductions properly allocable to such income; or (ii) the amount by which such taxpayer’s modified adjusted gross income exceeds certain thresholds ($250,000 for married individuals filing jointly, $200,000 for unmarried individuals and $125,000 for married individuals filing separately). Each Fund’s distributions are includable in a shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this NII tax. In addition, any capital gain realized by a shareholder upon a sale or redemption of shares of a Fund is includable in such shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this NII tax.
In general, your distributions are subject to federal income tax for the year in which they are paid. Certain distributions paid in January, however, may be treated as paid on December 31 of the prior year. Distributions are generally taxable even if they are paid from income or gains earned by a Fund before your investment (and thus were included in the Shares’ NAV when you purchased your Shares).
You may wish to avoid investing in a Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because such a distribution will generally be taxable even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of your investment.
If you are neither a resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a foreign entity, distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) paid to you by a Fund will generally be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%, unless a lower treaty rate applies. The Funds may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met.
Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), the Funds may be required to withhold a generally nonrefundable 30% tax on distributions of net investment income paid to (A) certain “foreign financial institutions” unless such foreign financial institution agrees to verify, monitor, and report to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) the identity of certain of its account-holders, among other items (or unless such entity is otherwise deemed compliant under the terms of an intergovernmental agreement between the United States and the foreign financial institution’s country of residence), and (B) certain “non-financial foreign entities” unless such entity certifies to the Fund that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or provides the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner, among other items. This FATCA withholding tax could also affect a Fund’s return on its investments in foreign securities or affect a shareholder’s return if the shareholder holds its Fund shares through a foreign intermediary. You are urged to consult your tax adviser regarding the application of this FATCA withholding tax to your investment in a Fund and the potential certification, compliance, due diligence, reporting, and withholding obligations to which you may become subject in order to avoid this withholding tax.
Each Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder owns Shares) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and sale or redemption proceeds paid to any shareholder who fails to properly furnish a correct taxpayer identification number, who has underreported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify that they are not subject to such withholding.
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Taxes When Shares are Sold on an Exchange
Any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Shares generally is treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for one year or less. However, any capital loss on a sale of Shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of Capital Gain Dividends paid with respect to such Shares. Any loss realized on a sale will be disallowed to the extent Shares of a Fund are acquired, including through reinvestment of dividends, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the sale of substantially identical Shares.
Taxes on Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units
An AP having the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally recognizes a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the exchanging AP’s aggregate basis in the securities delivered plus the amount of any cash paid for the Creation Units. An AP who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanging AP’s basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate U.S. dollar market value of the securities received, plus any cash received for such Creation Units. The IRS may assert, however, that a loss that is realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units may not be currently deducted under the rules governing “wash sales” (for an AP who does not mark-to-market their holdings) or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. Persons exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible.
Any capital gain or loss realized upon redemption of Creation Units is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if Shares comprising the Creation Units have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if such Shares have been held for one year or less.
The Funds may include a payment of cash in addition to, or in place of, the delivery of a basket of securities upon the redemption of Creation Units. The Funds may sell portfolio securities to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Funds to recognize investment income and/or capital gains or losses that it might not have recognized if it had completely satisfied the redemption in-kind. As a result, the Funds may be less tax efficient if it includes such a cash payment in the proceeds paid upon the redemption of Creation Units.
Important Tax Considerations When Purchasing Fund Shares
If you are investing through a taxable account, you should carefully consider the timing of your investment relative to a Fund’s distribution schedule. Purchasing Fund shares shortly before a distribution may increase your tax liability, a situation commonly referred to as “buying a dividend.”
When a Fund makes a distribution, its share price typically drops by an amount roughly equal to the distribution. As a hypothetical example, if you invest $5,000 to purchase 250 shares at $20 per share on December 15, and the Fund pays a $1 per share distribution on December 16, the share price would adjust to $19 (ignoring market fluctuations). Although your total investment value remains $5,000 (250 shares × $19 in share value plus 250 shares × $1 distribution), you would owe taxes on the $250 distribution, even if you reinvest the distribution rather than receiving it in cash.
Distributions are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains realized by a Fund before you invested, and even if they were reflected in the purchase price of the shares. Consequently, you may incur taxes on income or gains that accrued before your investment, without corresponding benefit.
Unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement plan, you may wish to avoid purchasing Fund shares shortly before a distribution. You can minimize the potential tax impact by reviewing the relevant Fund’s distribution schedule prior to investing. When available, information about a Fund’s distribution schedule can be found on the Funds’ website at www.defianceetfs.com.
The foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current federal tax law of an investment in the Funds. It is not a substitute for personal tax advice. You also may be subject to foreign, state and local tax on Fund distributions and sales of Shares. Consult your personal tax advisor about the potential tax consequences of an investment in Shares under all applicable tax laws. For more information, please see the section entitled “Federal Income Taxes” in the SAI.
DISTRIBUTION
Foreside Fund Services, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group (dba ACA Group), (the “Distributor”), the Funds’ distributor, is a broker-dealer registered with the SEC. The Distributor distributes Creation Units for the Fund on an agency basis and does not maintain a secondary market in Shares. The Distributor has no role in determining the policies of the Funds or the securities that are purchased or sold by the Funds. The Distributor’s principal address is 190 Middle Street, Suite 301Portland, Maine 04101.
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The Board has adopted a Distribution (Rule 12b-1) Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. In accordance with the Plan, the Funds are authorized to pay an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year to pay distribution fees for the sale and distribution of its Shares.
No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Funds, and there are no plans to impose these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, because the fees are paid out of assets of the respective Fund on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than certain other types of sales charges.
PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION
When available, information regarding how often Shares of the Funds traded on the applicable Exchange at a price above (i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) the NAV of such Fund can be found on the Funds’ website at www.defianceetfs.com.
ADDITIONAL NOTICES
Shares are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by an Exchange. The Exchanges are not responsible for, nor has any Exchange participated in the determination of, the timing, prices, or quantities of Shares to be issued, nor in the determination or calculation of the equation by which Shares are redeemable. An Exchange has no obligation or liability to owners of Shares in connection with the administration, marketing, or trading of Shares.
Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall any Exchange have any liability for any lost profits or indirect, punitive, special, or consequential damages even if notified of the possibility thereof.
The Third Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (“Declaration of Trust”) provides a detailed process for the bringing of derivative or direct actions by shareholders in order to permit legitimate inquiries and claims while avoiding the time, expense, distraction, and other harm that can be caused to a Fund or its shareholders as a result of spurious shareholder demands and derivative actions. Prior to bringing a derivative action, a demand by three unrelated shareholders must first be made on a Fund’s Trustees. The Declaration of Trust details various information, certifications, undertakings and acknowledgments that must be included in the demand. Following receipt of the demand, the trustees have a period of 90 days, which may be extended by an additional 60 days, to consider the demand. If a majority of the Trustees who are considered independent for the purposes of considering the demand determine that maintaining the suit would not be in the best interests of the Fund, the Trustees are required to reject the demand and the complaining shareholders may not proceed with the derivative action unless the shareholders are able to sustain the burden of proof to a court that the decision of the Trustees not to pursue the requested action was not a good faith exercise of their business judgment on behalf of the Fund. The Declaration of Trust further provides that shareholders owning Shares representing no less than a majority of a Fund’s outstanding shares must join in bringing the derivative action. If a demand is rejected, the complaining shareholders will be responsible for the costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by the Fund in connection with the consideration of the demand, if a court determines that the demand was made without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose. If a derivative action is brought in violation of the Declaration of Trust, the shareholders bringing the action may be responsible for the Fund’s costs, including attorneys’ fees, if a court determines that the action was brought without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose. The Declaration of Trust provides that no shareholder may bring a direct action claiming injury as a shareholder of the Trust, or any Fund, where the matters alleged (if true) would give rise to a claim by the Trust or by the Trust on behalf of a Fund, unless the shareholder has suffered an injury distinct from that suffered by the shareholders of the Trust, or the Fund, generally. Under the Declaration of Trust, a shareholder bringing a direct claim must be a shareholder of the Fund with respect to which the direct action is brought at the time of the injury complained of or have acquired the shares afterwards by operation of law from a person who was a shareholder at that time. The Declaration of Trust further provides that a Fund shall be responsible for payment of attorneys’ fees and legal expenses incurred by a complaining shareholder only if required by law, and any attorneys’ fees that the Fund is obligated to pay shall be calculated using reasonable hourly rates. These provisions do not apply to claims brought under the federal securities laws.
The Declaration of Trust also requires that actions by shareholders against a Fund be brought exclusively in a federal or state court located within the State of Delaware. This provision will not apply to claims brought under the federal securities laws. Limiting shareholders’ ability to bring actions only in courts located in Delaware may cause shareholders economic hardship to litigate the action in those courts, including paying for travel expenses of witnesses and counsel, requiring retaining local counsel, and may limit shareholders’ ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that shareholders find favorable for disputes, which may discourage such actions.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
This section would ordinarily include Financial Highlights for the Funds. The Financial Highlights tables are intended to help you understand the performance of each Fund for that Fund’s periods of operations. Because the Funds have not yet commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus, no Financial Highlights are shown.
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Defiance ETFs
| Adviser | Tidal
Investments LLC 234 West Florida Street, Suite 700 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204 |
Administrator | Tidal
ETF Services LLC 234 West Florida Street, Suite 700 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204 |
| Distributor | Foreside
Fund Services, LLC 190 Middle Street, Suite 301 Portland, Maine 04101 |
Sub-Administrator, Fund Accountant, and Transfer Agent |
U.S.
Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 |
| Legal Counsel | Sullivan
& Worcester LLP 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 19th Floor New York, New York 10020 |
Custodian | U.S.
Bank National Association 1555 North Rivercenter Drive Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 |
| Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
Cohen & Company, Ltd. 1835 Market Street, Suite 310 |
Investors may find more information about the Funds in the following documents:
Statement of Additional Information: The Funds’ SAI provides additional details about the investments of each Fund and certain other additional information. A current SAI dated February 9, 2026, as supplemented from time to time, is on file with the SEC and is herein incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. It is legally considered a part of this Prospectus.
Annual/Semi-Annual Reports: Additional information about the Funds’ investments is available in the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports of shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected each Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find each Fund’s annual and semi-annual financial statements.
You can request free copies of these documents, request other information or make general inquiries about the Funds by contacting the Funds at the Defiance ETFs, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 219252, Kansas City, Missouri 64121-9252 or calling 833-333-9383.
Shareholder reports and other information about the Fund are also available:
| ● | Free of charge from the SEC’s EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov; or | |
| ● | Free of charge from the Funds’ Internet website at www.defianceetfs.com; or | |
| ● | For a fee, by e-mail request to publicinfo@sec.gov. |
(SEC Investment Company Act File No. 811-23793)

Defiance Bitcoin LightningSpread™ Income ETF (BLLS)
Defiance Ethereum LightningSpread™ Income ETF (ETLS)
Defiance Gold LightningSpread™ Income ETF (GLS)
Defiance Gold Miners LightningSpread™ Income ETF (GMLS)
Defiance Silver LightningSpread™ Income ETF (SVLS)
Defiance Solana LightningSpread™ Income ETF (SLLS)
Defiance XRP LightningSpread™ Income ETF (XRLS)
Each listed on Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc.
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
February 9, 2026
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus for the Defiance Bitcoin LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Ethereum LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Gold LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Gold Miners LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Silver LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Solana LightningSpread™ Income ETF and Defiance XRP LightningSpread™ Income ETF (each a “Fund” and collectively the “Funds”), each a series of Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), dated February 9, 2026, as may be supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”). Capitalized terms used in this SAI that are not defined have the same meaning as in the Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. A copy of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge, by calling the Funds at (833) 333-9383, visiting www.defianceetfs.com or writing to the Funds at Defiance ETFs, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 219252, Kansas City, Missouri 64121-9252.
Each Fund’s audited financial statements for the most recent fiscal year (when available) will be incorporated into this SAI by reference to such Fund’s most recent annual Certified Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR (File No. 811-23793). When available, a copy of each Fund’s annual Certified Shareholder Report may be obtained at no charge by contacting the Funds at the address or phone number noted above.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE TRUST
The Trust is an open-end management investment company consisting of multiple series, including the Funds. This SAI relates to the Defiance Bitcoin LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Ethereum LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Gold LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Gold Miners LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Silver LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Solana LightningSpread™ Income ETF and Defiance XRP LightningSpread™ Income ETF. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on January 13, 2022. The Trust is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (together with the rules and regulations adopted thereunder, as amended, the “1940 Act”), as an open-end management investment company and the offering of each Fund’s shares (“Shares”) is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees (the “Board”). Tidal Investments LLC (“Tidal” or the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to each Fund.
Each Fund offers and issues Shares at its net asset value (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of Shares (each, a “Creation Unit”). The Funds generally offers and issues Shares in exchange for a basket of securities (“Deposit Securities”) together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (“Cash Component”). The Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. Shares of the Funds are each listed on Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”). Shares of the Funds trade on the Exchange at market prices that may differ from the Shares’ respective NAV. Shares are also redeemable only in Creation Unit aggregations, primarily for a basket of Deposit Securities together with a Cash Component. As a practical matter, only institutions or large investors, known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs,” purchase or redeem Creation Units. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, Shares are not individually redeemable.
Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain on deposit with the Trust cash at least equal to a specified percentage of the value of the missing Deposit Securities, as set forth in the Participant Agreement (as defined below). The Trust may impose a transaction fee for each creation or redemption. In all cases, such fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of the SEC applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities. As in the case of other publicly traded securities, brokers’ commissions on transactions in the secondary market will be based on negotiated commission rates at customary levels.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND RELATED RISKS
Each Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies are described in the Prospectus under “Investment Objective” and “Principal Investment Strategies” sections, respectively. The following information supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the Prospectus. For a description of certain permitted investments, see “Description of Permitted Investments” in this SAI.
With respect to a Fund’s investments, unless otherwise noted, if a percentage limitation on investment is adhered to at the time of investment or contract, a subsequent increase or decrease as a result of market movement or redemption will not result in a violation of such investment limitation.
Non-Diversification
Each Fund is classified as a non-diversified investment company under the 1940 Act’s diversification requirements. A “non-diversified” classification means that the Funds are not limited by the 1940 Act’s diversification requirements with regard to the percentage of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. This means that a Fund may invest a greater portion of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a small number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund, and therefore, those issuers may constitute a greater portion of such Fund’s portfolio. This may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s performance or subject its Shares to greater price volatility than more diversified investment companies. Moreover, in pursuing its objective, a Fund may hold the securities of a single issuer in an amount exceeding 10% of the value of the outstanding securities of the issuer, subject to restrictions imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).
Although the Funds are non-diversified for purposes of the 1940 Act, each Fund intends to maintain the required level of diversification and otherwise conduct its operations so as to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) for purposes of the Code, and to relieve such Fund of any liability for federal income tax to the extent that their earnings are distributed to shareholders. Compliance with the diversification requirements of the Code may limit the investment flexibility of a Fund and may make it less likely that such Fund will meet its investment objectives. See “Federal Income Taxes” in this SAI for further discussion.
General Risks
The value of a Fund’s portfolio securities may fluctuate with changes in the financial condition of an issuer or counterparty, changes in specific economic or political conditions that affect a particular security or issuer and changes in general economic or political conditions. An investor in a Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time.
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There can be no guarantee that a liquid market for the securities held by a Fund will be maintained. The existence of a liquid trading market for certain securities may depend on whether dealers will make a market in such securities. There can be no assurance that a market will be made or maintained or that any such market will be or remain liquid. The price at which securities may be sold and the value of Shares will be adversely affected if trading markets for the Fund’s portfolio securities are limited or absent, or if bid-ask spreads are wide.
Cyber Security Risk. Investment companies, such as the Funds, and their service providers may be subject to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber attacks. Cyber attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cyber security breaches. Cyber attacks affecting the Funds or the Adviser, Custodian (defined below), Transfer Agent (defined below), intermediaries and other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Funds. For instance, cyber attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact each Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential company information, impede trading, subject the Funds to regulatory fines or financial losses, and cause reputational damage. The Funds may also incur additional costs for cyber security risk management purposes. Similar types of cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which a Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause a Fund’s investment in such portfolio companies to lose value.
DESCRIPTION OF PERMITTED INVESTMENTS
The following are descriptions of the permitted investments and investment practices and the associated risk factors. The Funds will invest in any of the following instruments or engage in any of the following investment practices only if such investment or activity is consistent with such Fund’s investment objective and permitted by such Fund’s stated investment policies. In addition, certain of the techniques and investments discussed in this SAI are not principal strategies of the Funds as disclosed in the Prospectus, and while such techniques and investments are permissible for a Fund to utilize, such Fund is not required to utilize such non-principal techniques or investments.
Each Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing in strategies that seek to provide leveraged exposure to the exchanged traded fund (ETF) or exchange traded product (ETP) noted below (each, an “Underlying ETF” or “Underlying ETP”). From time to time, when the Adviser determines it necessary or appropriate (e.g., due to market, regulatory or operational constraints), a Fund may substitute for the Underlying ETF or Underlying ETP, as applicable, other pooled vehicles (i.e., other ETFs or exchange-traded products) with substantially similar investment objectives and strategies as the Underlying ETF or Underlying ETP, as applicable.
| Fund Name | Underlying ETF/ETP |
| Defiance Bitcoin LightningSpread™ Income ETF | iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF |
| Defiance Ethereum LightningSpread™ Income ETF | Grayscale Ethereum Staking ETF |
| Defiance Gold LightningSpread™ Income ETF | SPDR Gold Shares |
| Defiance Gold Miners LightningSpread™ Income ETF | VanEck® Gold Miners ETF |
| Defiance Silver LightningSpread™ Income ETF | iShares Silver Trust |
| Defiance Solana LightningSpread™ Income ETF | Solana ETF |
| Defiance XRP LightningSpread™ Income ETF | XRP ETF |
Borrowing
Although the Funds do not intend to borrow money, a Fund may do so to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund may borrow up to one-third (1/3) of its total assets. The Funds will borrow money only for short-term or emergency purposes. Such borrowing is not for investment purposes and will be repaid by the applicable Fund promptly. Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on NAV of any increase or decrease in the market value of a Fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by earnings on the securities purchased. The Funds also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with a borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.
Depositary Receipts
To the extent the Funds invest in stocks of foreign corporations, a Fund’s investment in securities of foreign companies may be in the form of depositary receipts or other securities convertible into securities of foreign issuers. American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) are dollar-denominated receipts representing interests in the securities of a foreign issuer, which securities may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the securities into which they may be converted. ADRs are receipts typically issued by U.S. banks and trust companies which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. Generally, ADRs in registered form are designed for use in domestic securities markets and are traded on exchanges or over-the-counter in the United States.
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Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”), and International Depositary Receipts (“IDRs”) are similar to ADRs in that they are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer; however, GDRs, EDRs, and IDRs may be issued in bearer form and denominated in other currencies and are generally designed for use in specific or multiple securities markets outside the U.S. EDRs, for example, are designed for use in European securities markets, while GDRs are designed for use throughout the world. Depositary receipts will not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities.
The Funds will not invest in any unlisted depositary receipts or any depositary receipt that is deemed to be illiquid or for which pricing information is not readily available. In addition, all depositary receipts generally must be sponsored. However, the Funds may invest in unsponsored depositary receipts under certain limited circumstances. The issuers of unsponsored depositary receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States and, therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the value of the depositary receipts.
Equity Securities
Equity securities, such as the common stocks of an issuer, are subject to stock market fluctuations and therefore may experience volatile changes in value as market conditions, consumer sentiment or the financial condition of the issuers change. A decrease in value of the equity securities in a Fund’s portfolio may also cause the value of such Fund’s Shares to decline.
An investment in a Fund should be made with an understanding of the risks inherent in an investment in equity securities, including the risk that the financial condition of issuers may become impaired or that the general condition of the stock market may deteriorate (either of which may cause a decrease in the value of a Fund’s portfolio securities and therefore a decrease in the value of Shares of such Fund). Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence and perceptions change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction; and global or regional political, economic or banking crises.
Types of Equity Securities:
Common Stocks. Common stocks represent units of ownership in a company. Common stocks usually carry voting rights and earn dividends. Unlike preferred stocks, which are described below, dividends on common stocks are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the company’s board of directors.
Holders of common stocks incur more risk than holders of preferred stocks and debt obligations because common stockholders, as owners of the issuer, generally have inferior rights to receive payments from the issuer in comparison with the rights of creditors or holders of debt obligations or preferred stocks. Further, unlike debt securities, which typically have a stated principal amount payable at maturity (whose value, however, is subject to market fluctuations prior thereto), or preferred stocks, which typically have a liquidation preference and which may have stated optional or mandatory redemption provisions, common stocks have neither a fixed principal amount nor a maturity. Common stock values are subject to market fluctuations as long as the common stock remains outstanding.
Preferred Stocks. Preferred stocks are also units of ownership in a company. Preferred stocks normally have preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of the company. However, in all other respects, preferred stocks are subordinated to the liabilities of the issuer. Unlike common stocks, preferred stocks are generally not entitled to vote on corporate matters. Types of preferred stocks include adjustable-rate preferred stock, fixed dividend preferred stock, perpetual preferred stock, and sinking fund preferred stock.
Tracking Stocks. A tracking stock is a separate class of common stock whose value is linked to a specific business unit or operating division within a larger company and which is designed to “track” the performance of such business unit or division. The tracking stock may pay dividends to shareholders independent of the parent company. The parent company, rather than the business unit or division, generally is the issuer of tracking stock. However, holders of the tracking stock may not have the same rights as holders of the company’s common stock.
Generally, the market values of preferred stock with a fixed dividend rate and no conversion element vary inversely with interest rates and perceived credit risk.
Rights and Warrants. A right is a privilege granted to existing shareholders of a corporation to subscribe to shares of a new issue of common stock before it is issued. Rights normally have a short life of usually two to four weeks, are freely transferable and entitle the holder to buy the new common stock at a lower price than the public offering price. Warrants are securities that are usually issued together with a debt security or preferred stock and that give the holder the right to buy a proportionate amount of common stock at a specified price. Warrants are freely transferable and are traded on major exchanges. Unlike rights, warrants normally have a life that is measured in years and entitles the holder to buy common stock of a company at a price that is usually higher than the market price at the time the warrant is issued. Corporations often issue warrants to make the accompanying debt security more attractive.
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An investment in warrants and rights may entail greater risks than certain other types of investments. Generally, rights and warrants do not carry the right to receive dividends or exercise voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. In addition, their value does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and they cease to have value if they are not exercised on or before their expiration date. Investing in rights and warrants increases the potential profit or loss to be realized from the investment as compared with investing the same amount in the underlying securities.
Smaller Companies. The securities of small- and mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of larger-capitalization companies. The securities of small- and mid-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than larger capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. Some small- or mid-capitalization companies have limited product lines, markets, and financial and managerial resources and tend to concentrate on fewer geographical markets relative to larger capitalization companies. There is typically less publicly available information concerning small- and mid-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies. Small- and mid-capitalization companies also may be particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates, government regulation, borrowing costs, and earnings.
When-Issued Securities. A when-issued security is one whose terms are available and for which a market exists, but which has not been issued. When a Fund engages in when-issued transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the sale. If the other party fails to complete the sale, a Fund may miss the opportunity to obtain the security at a favorable price or yield.
When purchasing a security on a when-issued basis, a Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security, including the risk of price and yield changes. At the time of settlement, the value of the security may be more or less than the purchase price. The yield available in the market when the delivery takes place also may be higher than those obtained in the transaction itself. Because a Fund does not pay for the security until the delivery date, these risks are in addition to the risks associated with its other investments. Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act permits a Fund to invest in securities on a when-issued or forward-settling basis, or with a non-standard settlement cycle, notwithstanding the limitation on the issuance of senior securities in Section 18 of the 1940 Act, provided that the Fund intends to physically settle the transaction and the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date (the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision). A when-issued, forward-settling, or non-standard settlement cycle security that does not satisfy the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision is treated as a derivatives transaction under Rule 18f-4.
Foreign Securities
The Funds may invest directly in foreign securities or have indirect exposure to foreign securities. Investing in securities of foreign companies and countries involves certain considerations and risks that are not typically associated with investing in U.S. government securities and securities of domestic companies. There may be less publicly available information about a foreign issuer than a domestic one, and foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial standards, and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. There may also be less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than exists in the United States. Interest and dividends paid by foreign issuers as well as gains or proceeds realized from the sale or other disposition of foreign securities may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes, which may decrease the net return on such investments as compared to dividends and interest paid to the Funds by domestic companies or the U.S. government. There may be the possibility of expropriations, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, the imposition of economic sanctions, confiscatory taxation, political, economic or social instability, or diplomatic developments that could affect assets of the Funds held in foreign countries. The establishment of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or restrictions could adversely affect the payment of obligations. In addition, investing in foreign securities will generally result in higher commissions than investing in similar domestic securities.
Decreases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which a Fund may invest relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding decrease in the U.S. dollar value of such Fund’s assets denominated in those currencies (and possibly a corresponding increase in the amount of securities required to be liquidated to meet distribution requirements). Conversely, increases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which a Fund invests relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding increase in the U.S. dollar value of such Fund’s assets (and possibly a corresponding decrease in the amount of securities to be liquidated).
Investing in emerging markets can have more risk than investing in developed foreign markets. The risks of investing in these markets may be exacerbated relative to investments in foreign markets. Governments of developing and emerging market countries may be more unstable as compared to more developed countries. Developing and emerging market countries may have less developed securities markets or exchanges, and legal and accounting systems. It may be more difficult to sell securities at acceptable prices and security prices may be more volatile than in countries with more mature markets. Currency values may fluctuate more in developing or emerging markets. Developing or emerging market countries may be more likely to impose government restrictions, including confiscatory taxation, expropriation or nationalization of a company’s assets, and restrictions on foreign ownership of local companies. In addition, emerging markets may impose restrictions on a Fund’s ability to repatriate investment income or capital and, thus, may adversely affect the operations of the Funds. Certain emerging markets may impose constraints on currency exchange and some currencies in emerging markets may have been devalued significantly against the U.S. dollar. For these and other reasons, the prices of securities in emerging markets can fluctuate more significantly than the prices of securities of companies in developed countries. The less developed the country, the greater effect these risks may have on the Funds.
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Foreign Currencies
Although the Funds intend to only hold investments denominated in U.S. dollars, each Fund may have indirect exposure to foreign currency fluctuations. A Fund’s net asset value could decline if a relevant foreign currency depreciates against the U.S. dollar or if there are delays or limits on the repatriation of such currency. Currency exchange rates can be very volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably. As a result, a Fund’s net asset value may change without warning, which could have a significant negative impact on such Fund.
Illiquid and Restricted Investments
Pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act, a Fund may not acquire any “illiquid investment” if, immediately after the acquisition, the Fund would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments that are assets. An “illiquid investment” is any investment that a Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. Each Fund has implemented a liquidity risk management program and related procedures to identify illiquid investments pursuant to Rule 22e-4. The 15% limit shall be observed continuously.
A Fund may purchase certain restricted securities that can be resold to institutional investors and which may be determined not to be illiquid investments pursuant to the Fund’s liquidity risk management program. In many cases, those securities are traded in the institutional market under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act and are called Rule 144A securities.
Investments in illiquid investments involve more risks than investments in similar securities that are readily marketable. Illiquid investments may trade at a discount from comparable, more liquid investments. Investment of a Fund’s assets in illiquid investments may restrict the ability of the Fund to dispose of its investments in a timely fashion and for a fair price as well as its ability to take advantage of market opportunities. The risks associated with illiquidity will be particularly acute where a Fund’s operations require cash, such as when the Fund has net redemptions, and could result in the Fund borrowing to meet short-term cash requirements or incurring losses on the sale of illiquid investments.
Illiquid investments are often restricted securities sold in private placement transactions between issuers and their purchasers and may be neither listed on an exchange nor traded in other established markets. In many cases, the privately placed securities may not be freely transferable under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction or due to contractual restrictions on resale. To the extent privately placed securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices realized from the sales could be less than those originally paid by a Fund or less than the fair value of the securities. In addition, issuers whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements that may be applicable if their securities were publicly traded. If any privately placed securities held by a Fund are required to be registered under the securities laws of one or more jurisdictions before being resold, the Fund may be required to bear the expenses of registration. Private placement investments may involve investments in smaller, less seasoned issuers, which may involve greater risks than investments in more established companies. These issuers may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent on a limited management group. In making investments in private placement securities, a Fund may obtain access to material non-public information, which may restrict the Fund’s ability to conduct transactions in those securities.
Investment Company Securities
The Funds may invest in the securities of other investment companies, including money market funds and ETFs, subject to applicable limitations under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act. Investing in another pooled vehicle exposes the Funds to all the risks of that pooled vehicle. If the Fund invests in and, thus, is a shareholder of, another investment company, such Fund’s shareholders will indirectly bear the Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by such other investment company, including advisory fees, in addition to both the management fees payable directly by the Fund to the Adviser and the other expenses that the Fund bears directly in connection with its own operations.
Pursuant to Section 12(d)(1), each Fund may invest in the securities of another investment company (the “acquired company”) provided that such Fund, immediately after such purchase or acquisition, does not own in the aggregate: (i) more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of the acquired company; (ii) securities issued by the acquired company having an aggregate value in excess of 5% of the value of the total assets of the Fund; or (iii) securities issued by the acquired company and all other investment companies (other than treasury stock of the Fund) having an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of the total assets of the Fund. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, each Fund may invest its assets in securities of investment companies that are money market funds in excess of the limits discussed above.
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However, registered investment companies are permitted to invest in other investment companies beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions. The Fund may rely on Rule 12d1-4 of the 1940 Act, which provides an exemption from Section 12(d)(1) that allows the Fund to invest beyond the stated limits in other registered funds, including ETFs, if the Fund satisfies certain conditions specified in the Rule, including, among other conditions, that the Fund and its advisory group will not control (individually or in the aggregate) an acquired fund (e.g., hold more than 25% of the outstanding voting securities of an acquired fund that is a registered open-end management investment company).
The Funds may rely on Section 12(d)(1)(F) and Rule 12d1-3 of the 1940 Act, which provide an exemption from Section 12(d)(1) that allows a Fund to invest all of its assets in other registered funds, including ETFs, if, among other conditions: (1) the Fund, together with its affiliates, acquires no more than three percent of the outstanding voting stock of any acquired fund; and (2) the sales load charged on Shares is no greater than the limits set forth in Rule 2830 of the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).
Money Market Funds
The Funds may invest in underlying money market funds that either seek to maintain a stable $1 NAV (“stable NAV money market funds”) or that have a share price that fluctuates (“variable NAV market funds”). Although an underlying stable NAV money market fund seeks to maintain a stable $1 NAV, it is possible for the Funds to lose money by investing in such a money market fund. Because the share price of an underlying variable NAV market fund will fluctuate, when a Fund sells the shares it owns, they may be worth more or less than what such Fund originally paid for them. In addition, neither type of money market fund is designed to offer capital appreciation. Certain underlying money market funds may impose a fee upon the sale of shares or may temporarily suspend the ability to sell shares if such fund’s liquidity falls below required minimums.
Other Short-Term Instruments
The Funds may invest in short-term instruments, including money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds; (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, fixed time deposits and other obligations of U.S. and foreign banks (including foreign branches) and similar institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated at the date of purchase “Prime-1” by Moody’s Investors Service or “A-1” by Standard & Poor’s Financial Services or, if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by the Adviser; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; and (vi) short-term U.S. dollar denominated obligations of foreign banks (including U.S. branches) that, in the opinion of the Adviser, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by a Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or a forward-settled basis. Money market instruments also include shares of money market funds. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.
Derivative Instruments
Generally, derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends on or is derived from, the value of one or more underlying assets, reference rates, or indices or other market factors (a “reference instrument”) and may relate to stocks, bonds, interest rates, credit, currencies, commodities or related indices. Derivative instruments can provide an efficient means to gain or reduce exposure to the value of a reference instrument without actually owning or selling the instrument. Some common types of derivatives include options, futures, forwards and swaps.
Derivative instruments may be used to modify the effective duration of a Fund’s portfolio investments. Derivative instruments may also be used for “hedging,” which means that they may be used when the Adviser seeks to protect a Fund’s investments from a decline in value resulting from changes to interest rates, market prices, currency fluctuations, or other market factors. Derivative instruments may also be used for other purposes, including to seek to increase liquidity, provide efficient portfolio management, broaden investment opportunities (including taking short or negative positions), implement a tax or cash management strategy, gain exposure to a particular security or segment of the market and/or enhance total return. However derivative instruments are used, their successful use is not assured and will depend upon, among other factors, the Adviser’s ability to gauge relevant market movements.
Derivative instruments may be used for the purpose of direct hedging. Direct hedging means that the transaction must be intended to reduce a specific risk exposure of a portfolio security or its denominated currency and must also be directly related to such security or currency. Each Fund’s use of derivative instruments may be limited from time to time by policies adopted by the Board, the Adviser.
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SEC Rule 18f-4 (“Rule 18f-4” or the “Derivatives Rule”) regulates the ability of a Fund to enter into derivative transactions and other leveraged transactions. The Derivatives Rule defines the term “derivatives” to include short sales and forward contracts, such as TBA transactions, in addition to instruments traditionally classified as derivatives, such as swaps, futures, and options. Rule 18f-4 also regulates other types of leveraged transactions, such as reverse repurchase transactions and transactions deemed to be “similar to” reverse repurchase transactions, such as certain securities lending transactions in connection with which a Fund obtains leverage. Among other things, under Rule 18f-4, a Fund is prohibited from entering into these derivatives transactions except in reliance on the provisions of the Derivatives Rule. The Derivatives Rule establishes limits on the derivatives transactions that a Fund may enter into based on the value-at-risk (“VaR”) of the Fund inclusive of derivatives. A Fund will generally satisfy the limits under the Rule if the VaR of its portfolio (inclusive of derivatives transactions) does not exceed 200% of the VaR of its “designated reference portfolio.” The “designated reference portfolio” is a representative unleveraged index or a Fund’s own portfolio absent derivatives holdings, as determined by such Fund’s derivatives risk manager. This limits test is referred to as the “Relative VaR Test.” As a result of the Relative VaR Test, a Fund may not seek returns in excess of 2x the designated reference portfolio. If a Fund determines that the Relative VaR Test is not appropriate in light of its strategy, subject to specified conditions, the Fund may instead comply with the “Absolute VaR Test.” A Fund will satisfy the Absolute VaR Test if the VaR of its portfolio does not exceed 20% of the value of the Fund’s net assets.
In addition, among other requirements, Rule 18f-4 requires a Fund to establish a derivatives risk management program, appoint a derivatives risk manager, and carry out enhanced reporting to the Board, the SEC and the public regarding a Fund’s derivatives activities. These new requirements will apply unless a Fund qualifies as a “limited derivatives user,” which the Derivatives Rule defines as a fund that limits its derivatives exposure to 10% of its net assets. It is possible that the limits and compliance costs imposed by the Derivatives Rule may adversely affect a Fund’s performance, efficiency in implementing its strategy, liquidity and/or ability to pursue its investment objectives and may increase the cost of such Fund’s investments and cost of doing business, which could adversely affect investors.
Exclusion of Adviser from Commodity Pool Operator Definition. To the extent each Fund invests in “commodity interests” as defined under the Commodity Exchange Act (the “CEA”) the Adviser intends to claim an exclusion from the definition of “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) and the rules of the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) with respect to each Fund. Therefore, the Adviser is not subject to CFTC registration or regulation as a CPO with respect to the Funds. Commodity interests include commodity futures, commodity options and swaps, which in turn include non-deliverable currency forward contracts.
Options. An option is a contract that gives the purchaser of the option, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy an underlying reference instrument, such as a specified security, currency, index, or other instrument, from the writer of the option (in the case of a call option), or to sell a specified reference instrument to the writer of the option (in the case of a put option) at a designated price during the term of the option. The premium paid by the buyer of an option will reflect, among other things, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price and the volatility of the underlying reference instrument, the remaining term of the option, supply, demand, interest rates and/or currency exchange rates. An American style put or call option may be exercised at any time during the option period while a European style put or call option may be exercised only upon expiration or during a fixed period prior thereto. Put and call options are traded on national securities exchanges and in the OTC market.
Options traded on national securities exchanges are within the jurisdiction of the SEC or other appropriate national securities regulator, as are securities traded on such exchanges. As a result, many of the protections provided to traders on organized exchanges will be available with respect to such transactions. In particular, all option positions entered into on a national securities exchange in the United States are cleared and guaranteed by the Options Clearing Corporation, thereby reducing the risk of counterparty default. Furthermore, a liquid secondary market in options traded on a national securities exchange may be more readily available than in the OTC market, potentially permitting a Fund to liquidate open positions at a profit prior to exercise or expiration, or to limit losses in the event of adverse market movements. There is no assurance, however, that higher than anticipated trading activity or other unforeseen events might not temporarily render the capabilities of the Options Clearing Corporation inadequate, and thereby result in the exchange instituting special procedures which may interfere with the timely execution of a Fund’s orders to close out open options positions.
Purchasing call and put options. As the buyer of a call option, a Fund has a right to buy the underlying reference instrument (e.g., a currency or security) at the exercise price at any time during the option period (for American style options). The Funds may enter into closing sale transactions with respect to call options, exercise them, or permit them to expire. For example, a Fund may buy call options on underlying reference instruments that it intends to buy with the goal of limiting the risk of a substantial increase in their market price before the purchase is effected. Unless the price of the underlying reference instrument changes sufficiently, a call option purchased by a Fund may expire without any value to the Fund, in which case such Fund would experience a loss to the extent of the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs.
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As the buyer of a put option, a Fund has the right to sell the underlying reference instrument at the exercise price at any time during the option period (for American style options). Like a call option, the Funds may enter into closing sale transactions with respect to put options, exercise them or permit them to expire. A Fund may buy a put option on an underlying reference instrument owned by the Fund (a protective put) as a hedging technique in an attempt to protect against an anticipated decline in the market value of the underlying reference instrument. Such hedge protection is provided only during the life of the put option when the Fund, as the buyer of the put option, is able to sell the underlying reference instrument at the put exercise price, regardless of any decline in the underlying instrument’s market price. The Funds may also seek to offset a decline in the value of the underlying reference instrument through appreciation in the value of the put option. A put option may also be purchased with the intent of protecting unrealized appreciation of an instrument when the Adviser deems it desirable to continue to hold the instrument because of tax or other considerations. The premium paid for the put option and any transaction costs would reduce any short-term capital gain that may be available for distribution when the instrument is eventually sold. Buying put options at a time when the buyer does not own the underlying reference instrument allows the buyer to benefit from a decline in the market price of the underlying reference instrument, which generally increases the value of the put option.
If a put option was not terminated in a closing sale transaction when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying reference instrument remains equal to or greater than the exercise price during the life of the put option, the buyer would not make any gain upon exercise of the option and would experience a loss to the extent of the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. In order for the purchase of a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying reference instrument must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs.
Writing call and put options. Writing options may permit the writer to generate additional income in the form of the premium received for writing the option. The writer of an option may have no control over when the underlying reference instruments must be sold (in the case of a call option) or purchased (in the case of a put option) because the writer may be notified of exercise at any time prior to the expiration of the option (for American style options). In general, though, options are infrequently exercised prior to expiration. Whether or not an option expires unexercised, the writer retains the amount of the premium. Writing “covered” call options means that the writer owns the underlying reference instrument that is subject to the call option. Call options may also be written on reference instruments that the writer does not own.
As the writer of a covered call option, a Fund gives up the potential for capital appreciation above the exercise price of the option should the underlying reference instrument rise in value. If the value of the underlying reference instrument rises above the exercise price of the call option, the reference instrument will likely be “called away,” requiring a Fund to sell the underlying instrument at the exercise price. In that case, the Fund will sell the underlying reference instrument to the option buyer for less than its market value, and such Fund will experience a loss (which will be offset by the premium received by the Fund as the writer of such option). If a call option expires unexercised, the Fund will realize a gain in the amount of the premium received. If the market price of the underlying reference instrument decreases, the call option will not be exercised and the Fund will be able to use the amount of the premium received to hedge against the loss in value of the underlying reference instrument. The exercise price of a call option will be chosen based upon the expected price movement of the underlying reference instrument. The exercise price of a call option may be below, equal to (at-the-money), or above the current value of the underlying reference instrument at the time the option is written.
As the writer of a put option, a Fund has a risk of loss should the underlying reference instrument decline in value. If the value of the underlying reference instrument declines below the exercise price of the put option and the put option is exercised, the Fund, as the writer of the put option, will be required to buy the instrument at the exercise price, which will exceed the market value of the underlying reference instrument at that time. A Fund will incur a loss to the extent that the current market value of the underlying reference instrument is less than the exercise price of the put option. However, the loss will be offset in part by the premium received from the buyer of the put. If a put option written by a Fund expires unexercised, such Fund will realize a gain in the amount of the premium received.
Closing out options (exchange-traded options). If the writer of an option wants to terminate its obligation, the writer may effect a “closing purchase transaction” by buying an option of the same series as the option previously written. The effect of the purchase is that the clearing corporation will cancel the option writer’s position. However, a writer may not effect a closing purchase transaction after being notified of the exercise of an option. Likewise, the buyer of an option may recover all or a portion of the premium that it paid by effecting a “closing sale transaction” by selling an option of the same series as the option previously purchased and receiving a premium on the sale. There is no guarantee that either a closing purchase or a closing sale transaction may be made at a time desired by a Fund. Closing transactions allow a Fund to terminate its positions in written and purchased options. A Fund will realize a profit from a closing transaction if the price of the transaction is less than the premium received from writing the original option (in the case of written options) or is more than the premium paid by the Fund to buy the option (in the case of purchased options). For example, increases in the market price of a call option sold by a Fund will generally reflect increases in the market price of the underlying reference instrument. As a result, any loss resulting from a closing transaction on a written call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part by appreciation of the underlying instrument owned by the Fund.
Over-the-counter options. Like exchange-traded options, OTC options give the holder the right to buy from the writer, in the case of OTC call options, or sell to the writer, in the case of OTC put options, an underlying reference instrument at a stated exercise price. OTC options, however, differ from exchange-traded options in certain material respects.
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OTC options are arranged directly with dealers and not with a clearing corporation or exchange. Consequently, there is a risk of non-performance by the dealer, including because of the dealer’s bankruptcy or insolvency. While the Funds use only counterparties, such as dealers, that meet its credit quality standards, in unusual or extreme market conditions, a counterparty’s creditworthiness and ability to perform may deteriorate rapidly, and the availability of suitable replacement counterparties may become limited. Because there is no exchange, pricing is typically done based on information from market makers or other dealers. OTC options are available for a greater variety of underlying reference instruments and in a wider range of expiration dates and exercise prices than exchange-traded options.
There can be no assurance that a continuous liquid secondary market will exist for any particular OTC option at any specific time. The Funds may be able to realize the value of an OTC option it has purchased only by exercising it or entering into a closing sale transaction with the dealer that issued it. When a Fund writes an OTC option, it generally can close out that option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer with which such Fund originally wrote the option. A Fund may suffer a loss if it is not able to exercise (in the case of a purchased option) or enter into a closing sale transaction on a timely basis.
The staff of the SEC has taken the position that purchased OTC options on securities are considered illiquid securities. Pending a change in the staff’s position, the Funds will treat such OTC options on securities as illiquid and subject to such Fund’s limitation on illiquid securities.
Interest rate caps. An interest rate cap is a type of OTC option. The buyer of an interest rate cap pays a premium to the seller in exchange for payments at set intervals for which a floating interest rate exceeds an agreed upon interest rate. The floating interest rate may be tied to a reference rate, a long-term swap rate or other benchmark. The amount of each payment is determined by reference to a specified “notional” amount of money. Interest rate caps do not involve the delivery of securities, other underlying instruments, or principal amounts. Accordingly, barring counterparty risk, the risk of loss to the purchaser of an interest rate cap is limited to the amount of the premium paid.
An interest rate cap can be used to increase or decrease exposure to various interest rates, including to hedge interest rate risk. By purchasing an interest rate cap, the buyer of the cap can benefit from rising interest rates while limiting its downside risk to the amount of the premium paid. If a Fund buys an interest rate cap and the Adviser is correct at predicting the direction of interest rates, the interest rate cap will increase in value. But if the Adviser is incorrect at predicting the direction, the interest rate cap will expire worthless.
By writing (selling) an interest rate cap, the seller of the cap can benefit by receiving a premium in exchange for assuming an obligation to make payments at set intervals for which a floating interest rate exceeds an agreed upon interest rate. If interest rates rise above the agreed upon cap, the seller’s obligation to make payments may result in losses in excess of the premium received.
Correctly predicting the value of an interest rate cap requires an understanding of the referenced interest rate, and a Fund bears the risk that the Adviser will not correctly forecast future market events, such as interest rate movements. Interest rate caps also involve the risks associated with derivative instruments generally, as described herein, including the risks associated with OTC options.
Risks of options. The Funds’ options investments involve certain risks, including general risks related to derivative instruments. There can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist for any particular option, or at any particular time, and the Funds may have difficulty effecting closing transactions in particular options. Therefore, a Fund would have to exercise the options it purchased in order to realize any profit, thus taking or making delivery of the underlying reference instrument when not desired. A Fund could then incur transaction costs upon the sale of the underlying reference instruments. Similarly, when a Fund cannot affect a closing transaction with respect to a put option it wrote, and the buyer exercises, such Fund would be required to take delivery and would incur transaction costs upon the sale of the underlying reference instruments purchased. If a Fund, as a covered call option writer, is unable to affect a closing purchase transaction in a secondary market, it will not be able to sell the underlying reference instrument until the option expires, it delivers the underlying instrument upon exercise, or it segregates enough liquid assets to purchase the underlying reference instrument at the marked-to-market price during the term of the option. When trading options on non-U.S. exchanges or in the OTC market, many of the protections afforded to exchange participants will not be available. For example, there may be no daily price fluctuation limits, and adverse market movements could therefore continue to an unlimited extent over an indefinite period of time.
The effectiveness of an options strategy for hedging depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying reference instruments correlate with price movements in the relevant portion of the Fund’s portfolio that is being hedged. In addition, a Fund bears the risk that the prices of its portfolio investments will not move in the same amount as the option it has purchased or sold for hedging purposes, or that there may be a negative correlation that would result in a loss on both the investments and the option.
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Securities Lending
If approved by the Board, each Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain creditworthy borrowers. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current value of the securities loaned. A Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. A Fund receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the securities that it lends. Distributions received on loaned securities in lieu of dividend payments (i.e., substitute payments) would not be considered qualified dividend income.
With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower will be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. A Fund is compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, the Fund is compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral may be reinvested in certain short-term instruments either directly on behalf of a Fund or through one or more joint accounts or money market funds, which may include those managed by the Adviser.
Each Fund may pay a portion of the interest or fees earned from securities lending to a borrower as described above, and to one or more securities lending agents approved by the Board who administer the lending program for each Fund in accordance with guidelines approved by the Board. In such capacity, the lending agent causes the delivery of loaned securities from a Fund to borrowers, arranges for the return of loaned securities to such Fund at the termination of a loan, requests deposit of collateral, monitors the daily value of the loaned securities and collateral, requests that borrowers add to the collateral when required by the loan agreements, and provides recordkeeping and accounting services necessary for the operation of the program.
Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees a Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. In the event a borrower does not return a Fund’s securities as agreed, such Fund may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities.
Repurchase Agreements
Each Fund may invest in repurchase agreements with commercial banks, brokers or dealers to generate income from its excess cash balances. A repurchase agreement is an agreement under which a Fund acquires a financial instrument (e.g., a security issued by the U.S. government or an agency thereof, a banker’s acceptance or a certificate of deposit) from a seller, subject to resale to the seller at an agreed upon price and date (normally, the next Business Day). A “Business Day” is any day on which the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open for regular trading. A repurchase agreement may be considered a loan collateralized by securities. The resale price reflects an agreed upon interest rate effective for the period the instrument is held by a Fund and is unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying instrument.
In these repurchase agreement transactions, the securities acquired by a Fund (including accrued interest earned thereon) must have a total value in excess of the value of the repurchase agreement and are held by the Fund’s custodian bank until repurchased. No more than an aggregate of 15% of a Fund’s net assets will be invested in illiquid securities, including repurchase agreements having maturities longer than seven days and securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale, or for which there are no readily available market quotations.
The use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks. For example, if the other party to the agreement defaults on its obligation to repurchase the underlying security at a time when the value of the security has declined, a Fund may incur a loss upon disposition of the security. If the other party to the agreement becomes insolvent and subject to liquidation or reorganization under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code or other laws, a court may determine that the underlying security is collateral for a loan by the Fund not within the control of such Fund and, therefore, the Fund may not be able to substantiate its interest in the underlying security and may be deemed an unsecured creditor of the other party to the agreement.
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Dollar Rolls
A dollar roll transaction involves a sale by a Fund of a security concurrently with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase a similar security at a later date at an agreed-upon price. A dollar roll may be considered a borrowing giving rise to leverage. The securities that are repurchased will bear the same interest rate and a similar maturity as those sold, but the assets collateralizing these securities may have different prepayment histories than those sold. During the period between the sale and repurchase, the Fund will not be entitled to receive interest and principal payments on the securities sold. Proceeds of the sale will be invested in additional investments, and the income from these investments will generate income for the Fund. If such income does not exceed the income, capital appreciation and gain or loss that would have been realized on the securities sold as part of the dollar roll, the use of this technique will diminish the investment performance of the Fund compared with what the performance would have been without the use of dollar rolls. Dollar rolls involve the risk that the market value of the securities subject to a Fund’s forward purchase commitment may decline below, or the market value of the securities subject to a Fund’s forward sale commitment may increase above, the exercise price of the forward commitment. In the event the buyer of the securities files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Fund’s use of the proceeds of the current sale portion of the transaction may be restricted. Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act permits a Fund to invest in securities on a forward-settling basis, or with a non-standard settlement cycle, notwithstanding the limitation on the issuance of senior securities in Section 18 of the 1940 Act, provided that the Fund intends to physically settle the transaction and the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date (the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision). A forward-settling or non-standard settlement cycle security that does not satisfy the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision is treated as a derivatives transaction under Rule 18f-4.
U.S. Government Securities
The Funds may invest in U.S. government securities. Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities include U.S. Treasury securities, which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury and which differ only in their interest rates, maturities, and times of issuance. U.S. Treasury bills have initial maturities of one-year or less; U.S. Treasury notes have initial maturities of one to ten years; and U.S. Treasury bonds generally have initial maturities of greater than ten years. Certain U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government including, but not limited to, obligations of U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), the Small Business Administration, the Federal Farm Credit Administration, the Federal Home Loan Banks, Banks for Cooperatives (including the Central Bank for Cooperatives), the Federal Land Banks, the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Federal Financing Bank, the Student Loan Marketing Association, the National Credit Union Administration and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (Farmer Mac).
Some obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities, including, for example, GNMA pass-through certificates, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those securities issued by the FNMA, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the federal agency, while other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, while the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored federal agencies, no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will always do so, since the U.S. government is not so obligated by law. U.S. Treasury notes and bonds typically pay coupon interest semi-annually and repay the principal at maturity.
On September 7, 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced a federal takeover of the FNMA and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), placing the two federal instrumentalities in conservatorship. Under the takeover, the U.S. Treasury agreed to acquire $1 billion of senior preferred stock of each instrumentality and obtained warrants for the purchase of common stock of each instrumentality (the “Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement” or “Agreement”). Under the Agreement, the U.S. Treasury pledged to provide up to $200 billion per instrumentality as needed, including the contribution of cash capital to the instrumentalities in the event their liabilities exceed their assets. This was intended to ensure that the instrumentalities maintain a positive net worth and meet their financial obligations, preventing mandatory triggering of receivership. As a result of this Agreement, the investments of holders, including the Funds, of mortgage-backed securities and other obligations issued by the FNMA and Freddie Mac are currently protected. The Agreement has been amended several times since September 7, 2008, both formally and through letter agreements. The most recent letter agreement dated January 14, 2021, stated the U.S. Treasury’s commitment to begin to establish a timeline and process to terminate the conservatorship. If the conservatorship is terminated, the investments of holders, including the Funds, of mortgage-backed securities and other obligations issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will no longer have the protection of the U.S. Treasury.
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The total public debt of the United States as a percentage of gross domestic product has grown rapidly since the beginning of the 2008–2009 financial downturn. Although high debt levels do not necessarily indicate or cause economic problems, they may create certain systemic risks if sound debt management practices are not implemented. A high national debt can raise concerns that the U.S. government will not be able to make principal or interest payments when they are due. This increase has also necessitated the need for the U.S. Congress to negotiate adjustments to the statutory debt limit to increase the cap on the amount the U.S. government is permitted to borrow to meet its existing obligations and finance current budget deficits. In August 2011, S&P lowered its long-term sovereign credit rating of the U.S. from AAA to AA+ with a downgrade from stable outlook to negative outlook. S&P subsequently raised the negative outlook to stable outlook in June 2013, but retained the lower AA+ rating and it has not been upgraded as of the date of this SAI. In explaining the downgrade at that time, S&P cited, among other reasons, controversy over raising the statutory debt limit and growth in public spending. Any controversy or ongoing uncertainty regarding the statutory debt ceiling negotiations may impact the U.S. long-term sovereign credit rating and may cause market uncertainty. As a result, market prices and yields of securities supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government may be adversely affected.
Tax Risks
As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in Shares will be taxed. The tax information in the Prospectus and this SAI is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares.
Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-deferred retirement account, such as an individual retirement account, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when a Fund makes distributions or you sell Shares.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Trust has adopted the following investment restrictions as fundamental policies with respect to the Funds. These restrictions cannot be changed with respect to a Fund without the approval of the holders of a majority of such Fund’s outstanding voting securities. For the purposes of the 1940 Act, a “majority of outstanding shares” means the vote of the lesser of: (1) 67% or more of the voting securities of the Fund present at the meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy; or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
Except with the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities, each Fund may not:
| 1. | Borrow money or issue senior securities (as defined under the 1940 Act), except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. |
| 2. | Make loans, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. |
| 3. | Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. This shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities or other instruments backed by real estate, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) or securities of companies engaged in the real estate business. |
| 4. | Purchase or sell commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. This shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or selling options and futures contracts or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by physical commodities. |
| 5. | Underwrite securities issued by other persons, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. |
| 6. | Concentrate its investments (i.e., hold more than 25% of its total assets) in any industry or group of related industries except that each Fund will have economic exposure that is concentrated to a similar extent as its respective Underlying ETF or Underlying ETP. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), registered investment companies and tax-exempt securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions, are not considered to be issued by members of any industry. |
In determining its compliance with the fundamental investment restriction on concentration, the Funds will look through to the underlying holdings of any affiliated investment company and will consider its entire investment in any investment company with a policy to concentrate, or having otherwise disclosed that it is concentrated, in a particular industry or group of related industries as being invested in such industry or group of related industries. Additionally, in determining its compliance with the fundamental investment restriction on concentration, the Funds will look through to the user or use of private activity municipal bonds to determine their industry.
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For purposes of applying the limitation set forth in the concentration policy set forth above, a Fund may use the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes, North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Codes, MSCI Global Industry Classification System, FTSE/Dow Jones Industry Classification Benchmark (ICB) system, or any other reasonable industry classification system (including systems developed by the Adviser) to identify each industry. A Fund’s method applying the limitations in the above concentration policy, including the classification levels used, may differ from those of the Trust’s other series.
If a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment or contract, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or total or net assets will not result in a violation of such restriction, except that the percentage limitations with respect to the borrowing of money and illiquid investments will be observed continuously.
EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING
Shares are listed for trading and trade throughout the day on the Exchange.
There can be no assurance that a Fund will continue to meet the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of Shares. The Exchange may, but is not required to, remove Shares of a Fund from the listing under any of the following circumstances: (1) the Exchange becomes aware that the Fund is no longer eligible to operate in reliance on Rule 6c-11 of the Investment Company Act of 1940; (2) the Fund no longer complies with the Exchange’s requirements for Shares; or (3) such other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable. The Exchange will remove Shares of a Fund from listing and trading upon termination of such Fund.
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the price levels of Shares in the future to help maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Fund.
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
Board Responsibilities. The Board oversees the management and operations of the Trust. Like all mutual funds, the day-to-day management and operation of the Trust is the responsibility of the various service providers to the Trust, such as the Adviser, the Distributor, the Administrator, the Sub-Administrator, the Custodian, and the Transfer Agent, each of whom is discussed in greater detail in this Statement of Additional Information. The Board has appointed various senior employees of the Administrator as officers of the Trust, with responsibility to monitor and report to the Board on the Trust’s operations. In conducting this oversight, the Board receives regular reports from these officers and the service providers. For example, the Treasurer reports as to financial reporting matters and the President reports as to matters relating to the Trust’s operations. In addition, the Adviser provides regular reports on the investment strategy and performance of the Funds. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who administers the Trust’s compliance program and regularly reports to the Board as to compliance matters. These reports are provided as part of formal “Board Meetings” which are typically held quarterly, in person, and involve the Board’s review of recent operations. In addition, various members of the Board also meet with management in less formal settings, between formal “Board Meetings,” to discuss various topics. In all cases, however, the role of the Board and of any individual Trustee is one of oversight and not of management of the day-to-day affairs of the Trust and its oversight role does not make the Board a guarantor of the Trust’s investments, operations or activities.
As part of its oversight function, the Board receives and reviews various risk management reports and discusses these matters with appropriate management and other personnel. Because risk management is a broad concept comprised of many elements (e.g., investment risk, issuer and counterparty risk, compliance risk, operational risks, business continuity risks, etc.), the oversight of different types of risks is handled in different ways. For example, the Board meets regularly with the CCO to discuss compliance and operational risks and the Audit Committee meets with the Trust’s independent public accounting firm to discuss, among other things, the internal control structure of the Trust’s financial reporting function.
The full Board also receives reports from the Adviser as to investment risks of the Funds. In addition to these reports, from time to time the full Board receives reports from the Administrator and the Adviser as to enterprise risk management.
The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Funds can be identified and/or quantified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve each Fund’s goals, and that the processes, procedures, and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Board as to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information. Most of each Fund’s investment management and business affairs are carried out by or through the Adviser, and other service providers, each of which has an independent interest in risk management but whose policies and the methods by which one or more risk management functions are carried out may differ from a Fund’s and each other’s in the setting of priorities, the resources available, or the effectiveness of relevant controls. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board’s ability to monitor and manage risk, as a practical matter, is subject to limitations.
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Members of the Board. There are five members of the Board, three of whom are not interested persons of the Trust, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (the “Independent Trustees”). Mr. Eric W. Falkeis serves as Chairman of the Board and is an interested person of the Trust.
The Board is composed of a majority (60 percent) of Independent Trustees. The Board has determined its leadership structure is appropriate given the specific characteristics and circumstances of the Trust. The Board has a Lead Independent Trustee, who acts as the primary liaison between the Independent Trustees and management. Ms. Michelle McDonough currently serves as the Lead Independent Trustee of the Board. The Board also believes that its leadership structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Trustees from Fund management.
Additional information about each Trustee of the Trust is set forth below. The address of each Trustee of the Trust is c/o Tidal Trust II, 234 West Florida Street, Suite 700, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204.
| Name
and Year of Birth |
Position Held with the Trust |
Term
of Office and Length of Time Served (1) |
Principal
Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Number of Portfolios Overseen |
Other
Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years |
| Independent Trustees(3) | |||||
Javier Marquina Born: 1973 |
Trustee | Indefinite term; since 2022 | Founder and Chief Executive Officer of ARQ Consultants Inc. (since 2019) a firm specializing in cross border real estate investments; Interim CEO for the Americas of Acciona Inmobiliaria (2020 to 2021); Head of Investment Team for Latin America for GLL Real Estate Partners (2016 to 2020). | 386 | Board Vice-Chairman of Inmobiliaria Specturm (Guatemala and UK); Independent Board Member of LATAM Logistics Properties S.A. (Colombia, Peru and Costa Rica); Independent Board Member of Logistic Properties of the Americas. |
Michelle McDonough Born: 1980 |
Trustee | Indefinite term; since 2022 | Chief Operating Officer, Trillium Asset Management LLC (2010 to 2024) | 386 | Trillium Asset Management, LLC (2020 to 2024). |
Dave Norris Born: 1976 |
Trustee | Indefinite term; since 2022 | Consulting work with Rubin Brown, CPA services (since 2024); Consulting work with RedRidge Diligence Services (2023 to 2024); Chief Operating Officer, RedRidge Diligence Services (2011 to 2023). | 386 | None |
| Interested Trustees | |||||
Eric W. Falkeis(4) Born: 1973 |
Principal Executive Officer, Trustee, and Chairman | Principal Executive Officer since 2022, Indefinite term; Trustee, and Chairman, since 2022, Indefinite term | Chief Operating Officer, Tidal Investments LLC (since 2023); Chief Executive Officer, Tidal ETF Services LLC (since 2018). | 547 | Independent Director, Muzinich Direct Lending Income Fund, Inc. (since 2023); Independent Director, Muzinich BDC, Inc. (since 2019); Trustee, Professionally Managed Portfolios (27 series) (since 2011); Trustee and Chairman of Tidal Trust I (since 2018); Trustee and Chairman of Tidal Trust III (since 2025); Trustee and Chairman of Tidal Trust IV (since 2025); Trustee and Chairman of Tidal Trust V (since 2025). |
Domenick Pugliese (5) Born: 1961 |
Trustee | Indefinite term; since 2026 | Partner, Sullivan & Worcester LLP (a law firm) (2019 to present). | 386 | None. |
| (1) | The Trustees have designated a mandatory retirement age of 78, such that each Trustee, serving as such on the date he or she reaches the age of 78, shall submit his or her resignation not later than the last day of the calendar year in which his or her 78th birthday occurs. |
| (2) | The group of Funds sponsored by Tidal and managed by the Adviser or its affiliates, including Tidal Trust I, Tidal Trust II, Tidal Trust III, Tidal Trust IV and Tidal Trust V. |
| (3) | All Independent Trustees of the Trust are not “interested persons” of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act (the “Independent Trustees”). |
| (4) | Mr. Falkeis is considered an “interested person” of the Trust due to his positions as Principal Executive Officer and Chairman of the Trust, and Chief Executive Officer of Tidal ETF Services LLC, a Tidal Financial Group company and an affiliate of the Adviser. |
| (5) | Mr. Pugliese, is a partner of Sullivan & Worcester LLP, which serves as legal counsel to the Trust. Mr. Pugliese has served as the lead partner representing the Trust and the Trust’s Independent trustees. As the lead partner in the firm that serves as legal counsel to the Trust, Mr. Pugliese is considered an “interested person,” of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act. |
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Individual Trustee Qualifications
The Board believes that each of the Trustees has the qualifications, experience, attributes and skills (“Trustee Attributes”) appropriate to their service as Trustees of the Trust in light of the Trust’s business and structure. Each of the Trustees has substantial business and professional backgrounds that indicate they have the ability to critically review, evaluate and access information provided to them. Certain of these business and professional experiences are set forth in detail in the table above. The Board annually conducts a ‘self-assessment’ wherein the effectiveness of the Board and individual Trustees is reviewed.
In addition to the information provided in the table above, below is certain additional information concerning each particular Trustee and certain of their Trustee Attributes. The information provided below, and in the table above, is not all-inclusive. Many Trustee Attributes involve intangible elements, such as intelligence, integrity, work ethic, the ability to work together, the ability to communicate effectively, the ability to exercise judgment, the ability to ask incisive questions, and commitment to shareholder interests. In conducting its annual self-assessment, the Board has determined that the Trustees have the appropriate attributes and experience to serve effectively as Trustees of the Trust.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Marquina should serve as a Trustee because of his substantial business experience related to commercial real estate investment and business development through his current position as CEO and Founder at ARQ Consultants Inc., as well as through former positions. Mr. Marquina’s experience, qualifications, attributes, or skills, on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, led to the Board’s conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
The Board has concluded that Ms. McDonough should serve as a Trustee because of her substantial financial services experience, including experience with operations, compliance, IT, service provider oversight and management. For over a decade, Ms. McDonough served as COO of Trillium Asset Management and in that capacity oversaw all non-investment functions for the firm. Ms. McDonough’s experience, qualifications, attributes, or skills, on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, led to the Board’s conclusion that she possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Norris should serve as a Trustee because of his substantial experience across a multitude of industries and operated businesses. Mr. Norris’ business operation experience consists of capital raising, business development, investor relations, strategic planning, treasury management, deal execution, restructuring, and oversight of back-office functions. Mr. Norris serves as the Trust’s Audit Committee Financial Expert. Mr. Norris’ experience, qualifications, attributes, or skills, on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, led to the Board’s conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
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The Board has concluded that Mr. Falkeis should serve as a Trustee because of his substantial investment company experience and his experience with financial, accounting, investment, and regulatory matters through his former position as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (and other positions) of U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (“Global Fund Services” or the “Transfer Agent”), a full service provider to ETFs, mutual funds, and alternative investment products, from 1997 to 2013, as well as a Trustee and Chairman of Tidal Trust I, from 2018 to present, Trustee and Chairman of Tidal Trust III, from 2025 to present, Trustee and Chairman of Tidal Trust IV, from 2025 to present and Trustee and Chairman of Tidal Trust V, from 2025 to present. In addition, he has experience consulting with investment advisors regarding the legal structure of mutual funds, distribution channel analysis, and actual distribution of those funds. Mr. Falkeis also has substantial managerial, operational, technological, and risk oversight related experience through his former position as Chief Operating Officer of the advisers to the Direxion mutual fund and ETF complex. Mr. Falkeis’ experience, qualifications, attributes, or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees led to the Board’s conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Pugliese should serve as a Trustee because of his substantial and deep experience in the investment company industry, working with registered investment companies and their boards on all aspects of investment company regulation for more than 35 years. From his experience serving as counsel to mutual funds and exchange traded funds and as counsel to fund boards, as well as his specific experience serving as counsel to the Trust and its Independent Trustees, Mr. Pugliese has intimate knowledge of Board operations and responsibilities, the Trust and the Adviser, their products, operations, personnel and resources Mr. Pugliese’s extensive knowledge of the investment management industry, boards’ operations and responsibilities and the operation and oversight of exchange-traded funds led to the Board’s conclusion that he is valuable to the Board in its oversight of the Trust.
Board Committees. The Board has established the following standing committees of the Board:
Audit Committee. The Board has a standing Audit Committee that is composed of each of the Independent Trustees of the Trust and is chaired by an Independent Trustee. Mr. Norris is chair of the Audit Committee and he presides at the Audit Committee meetings, participates in formulating agendas for Audit Committee meetings, and coordinates with management to serve as a liaison between the Independent Trustees and management on matters within the scope of responsibilities of the Audit Committee as set forth in its Board-approved written charter. The chair of the Audit Committee may delegate certain tasks to a vice chair. Ms. McDonough currently serves as vice chair of the Audit Committee. The principal responsibilities of the Audit Committee include overseeing the Trust’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and its internal controls; overseeing the quality, objectivity and integrity of the Trust’s financial statements and the independent audits thereof; monitoring the independent auditor’s qualifications, independence, and performance; acting as a liaison between the Trust’s independent auditors and the full Board; pre-approving all auditing services to be performed for the Trust; reviewing the compensation and overseeing the work of the independent auditor (including resolution of disagreements between management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting) for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or related work; pre-approving all permitted non-audit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed for the Trust; pre-approving all permitted non-audit services to be performed for any investment adviser to the Trust by any of the Trust’s independent auditors if the engagement relates directly to the operations and financial reporting of the Trust; meeting with the Trust’s independent auditors as necessary to (1) review the arrangement for and scope of the annual audits and any special audits, (2) discuss any matters of concern relating to each Fund’s financial statements, (3) consider the independent auditors’ comments with respect to the Trust’s financial policies, procedures and internal accounting controls and Trust management’s responses thereto, and (4) review the form of opinion the independent auditors propose to render to the Board and each Fund’s shareholders; discussing with management and the independent auditor significant financial reporting issues and judgments made in connection with the preparation of each Fund’s financial statements; and reviewing and discussing reports from the independent auditors on (1) all critical accounting policies and practices to be used, (2) all alternative treatments within generally accepted accounting principles for policies and practices related to material items that have been discussed with management, (3) other material written communications between the independent auditor and management, including any management letter, schedule of unadjusted differences, or management representation letter, and (4) all non-audit services provided to any entity in the Trust that were not pre-approved by the Committee; and reviewing disclosures made to the Committee by the Trust’s principal executive officer and principal accounting officer during their certification process for each Fund’s Form N-CSR. As of the date of this SAI, the Audit Committee met one time with respect to the Funds.
The Audit Committee also serves as the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee (“QLCC”) for the Trust for the purpose of compliance with Rules 205.2(k) and 205.3(c) of the Code of Federal Regulations, regarding alternative reporting procedures for attorneys retained or employed by an issuer who appear and practice before the SEC on behalf of the issuer (the “issuer attorneys”). An issuer attorney who becomes aware of evidence of a material violation by the Trust, or by any officer, director, employee, or agent of the Trust, may report evidence of such material violation to the QLCC as an alternative to the reporting requirements of Rule 205.3(b) (which requires reporting to the chief legal officer and potentially escalating further to other entities). As of the date of this SAI, the QLCC has not met with respect to the Trust.
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Nominating and Governance Committee. The Board has a standing Nominating and Governance Committee that is composed of each of the Independent Trustees of the Trust and Mr. Pugliese. The Nominating and Governance Committee operates under a written charter approved by the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee is responsible for seeking and reviewing candidates for consideration as nominees for Trustees as is considered necessary from time to time and meets only as necessary. The Nominating and Governance Committee generally will not consider nominees recommended by shareholders. The Nominating and Governance Committee is also responsible for, among other things, reviewing and making recommendations regarding Independent Trustee compensation and the Trustees’ annual “self-assessment.” Mr. Pugliese is the chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee. The Nominating and Governance Committee meets periodically, as necessary, but at least annually. As of the date of this SAI, the Nominating and Governance Committee has not yet met or taken any action with respect to the Funds.
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Principal Officers of the Trust
The officers of the Trust conduct and supervise its daily business. The address of each officer of the Trust is c/o Tidal Trust II, 234 West Florida St, Suite 700, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, unless otherwise indicated. Additional information about the Trust’s officers is as follows:
| Name
and Year of Birth |
Position(s) Held Trust |
Term of Office and
Length |
Principal
Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
| Eric
W. Falkeis(1) Born: 1973 |
Principal Executive Officer, Interested Trustee, Chairman | Principal Executive Officer since 2022, Indefinite term; Interested Trustee, Chairman, since 2022, Indefinite term | Chief Operating Officer, Tidal Investments LLC (since 2023); Chief Executive Officer, Tidal ETF Services LLC (since 2018). |
| William
H. Woolverton, Esq. Born: 1951 |
Chief Compliance Officer and AML Compliance Officer | AML Compliance Officer since 2023, Indefinite term; Chief Compliance Officer, Indefinite term; since 2022 | Chief Compliance Officer (since 2023), Compliance Adviser (2022 to 2023), Tidal Investments LLC; Senior Compliance Adviser, ACA Global (2020 to 2023); Director, Hadron Specialty Insurance Company (since 2023) Operating Partner, Altamont Capital Partners (private equity firm) (2021 to present). |
| Ally
L. Mueller Born: 1979 |
President | Indefinite term; since 2025 | SVP of Launches & Client Success Management (since 2025), VP of Launches & Client Success Management (2024 to 2025), Head of ETF Launches and Client Success (2023 to 2024), Head of ETF Launches and Finance Director (2019 to 2023), Tidal ETF Services LLC. |
| Aaron
J. Perkovich Born: 1973 |
Treasurer, Principal Financial Officer, and Principal Accounting Officer | Indefinite term; since 2023 | SVP of Fund Administration (since 2024), Head of Fund Administration (2023 to 2024), Fund Administration Manager (2022 to 2023), Tidal ETF Services LLC; Assistant Director Investments, Mason Street Advisors, LLC (2021 to 2022); Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (2006 to 2021). |
| Lissa
M. Richter Born: 1979 |
Vice President | Indefinite term; since 2025 | VP of Fund Governance and Compliance (since 2024), ETF Regulatory Manager, Tidal ETF Services LLC (2021 to 2024); Senior Paralegal, Rafferty Asset Management, LLC (2013 to 2020). |
| Kelly
J. Lavari Born: 1967 |
Secretary | Indefinite term; since 2025 | VP of Fund Governance and Compliance (since 2024), Fund Governance Specialist (2023 to 2024), Compliance Manager – Global Credit Finance, State Street Bank & Trust (2016 to 2023). |
| Peter
Chappy Born: 1975 |
Assistant Treasurer | Indefinite term; since 2023 | AVP of Fund Administration (since 2024), Fund Administration Manager, Tidal ETF Services LLC (2023 to 2024); Product Owner, Allvue Systems (2022 to 2023); Senior Business Consultant, Refinitiv (2015 to 2022). |
| Melissa
Breitzman Born: 1983 |
Assistant Treasurer | Indefinite term; since 2023 | VP of Database Management (since 2024), Fund Administration Manager, Tidal ETF Services LLC (2023 to 2024); Assistant Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (2005 to 2023). |
| (1) | Mr. Falkeis is considered an interested person of the Trust due to his positions as Principal Executive Officer and Chairman of the Trust, and Chief Executive Officer of Tidal ETF Services LLC, a Tidal Financial Group company and an affiliate of the Adviser. |
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Trustee Ownership of Shares. Each Fund is required to show the dollar amount ranges of each Trustee’s “beneficial ownership” of Shares and each other series of the Trust as of the end of the most recently completed calendar year. Dollar amount ranges disclosed are established by the SEC. “Beneficial ownership” is determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”).
As of the date of this SAI, none of the Funds had commenced operations and, therefore, no Trustee or officer of the Trust owned Shares.
As of December 31, 2025, the following Trustee beneficially owned shares of certain other series of the Trust as follows, and no other Trustee owned shares of any series of the Trust:
| Dollar
Range of Shares Owned in the Funds |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares of Series of the Trust | |
| Javier Marquina | None | over $100,000 |
As of December 31, 2025, neither the Independent Trustees nor members of their immediate family, owned securities beneficially or of record in the Adviser, the Distributor (as defined below), or an affiliate of the Adviser, or Distributor. Accordingly, neither the Independent Trustees nor members of their immediate family, have direct or indirect interest, the value of which exceeds $120,000, in the Adviser, the Distributor or any of their affiliates. In addition, during the two most recently completed calendar years, neither the Independent Trustees nor members of their immediate families have conducted any transactions (or series of transactions) in which the amount involved exceeds $120,000 and to which the Adviser, the Distributor or any affiliate thereof was a party.
Board Compensation
As of January 1, 2026, the Independent Trustees and Mr. Pugliese each receive a quarterly retainer of $35,000 plus $10,000 for each regular meeting attended and $3,000 for each special meeting attended. The Independent Trustees and Mr. Pugliese also receive reimbursement for travel and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with serving as a Trustee. In addition, the Lead Independent Trustee receives an annual retainer of $60,000, the Audit Committee Chair receives an annual retainer of $60,000, the Audit Committee vice chair receives an annual retainer of $30,000 and the Nominating and Governance Committee Chair receives an annual retainer of $20,000. The Trust has no pension or retirement plan.
The following table shows the compensation estimated to be earned by each Trustee for the Funds’ current fiscal year ending August 31, 2026. Independent Trustee fees are an obligation of the Trust and are paid by the Adviser, as are other Trust expenses. The Trust pays the Adviser a unitary fee which the Adviser uses to pay Trust expenses. Trustee compensation shown below does not include reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses in connection with attendance at meetings.
| Name | Estimated
Aggregate Compensation From the Funds |
Estimated
Total Compensation From Fund Complex Paid to Trustees(1) |
| Interested Trustees | ||
| Eric W. Falkeis | $0 | $0 |
| Domenick Pugliese | $0 | $99,000 |
| Independent Trustees | ||
| Javier Marquina | $0 | $89,000 |
| Michelle McDonough | $0 | $134,000 |
| David Norris | $0 | $119,000 |
| (1) | Compensation is based on estimated amounts for the fiscal year ending August 31, 2026. |
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS, CONTROL PERSONS AND MANAGEMENT OWNERSHIP
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding Shares. A control person is a shareholder that owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. Shareholders owning voting securities in excess of 25% may determine the outcome of any matter affecting and voted on by shareholders of the Funds.
As of the date of this SAI, the Funds had not yet commenced operations and no Shares were outstanding.
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CODES OF ETHICS
The Trust, the Adviser and have each adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics are designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust, the Adviser and from engaging in deceptive, manipulative or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by a Fund (which may also be held by persons subject to the codes of ethics). Each code of ethics permits personnel subject to that code of ethics to invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, subject to certain limitations, including limitations related to securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. The Distributor (as defined below) relies on the principal underwriters exception under Rule 17j-1(c)(3), specifically where the Distributor is not affiliated with the Trust, the Adviser and no officer, director, or general partner of the Distributor serves as an officer, director, or general partner of the Trust, the Adviser.
There can be no assurance that the codes of ethics will be effective in preventing such activities. Each code of ethics may be found at the SEC’s website at https://www.sec.gov.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES
The Funds have each delegated proxy voting responsibilities to the Adviser, subject to the Board’s oversight. In delegating proxy responsibilities, the Board has directed that proxies be voted consistent with each Fund’s and its shareholders’ best interests and in compliance with all applicable proxy voting rules and regulations. The Adviser has adopted proxy voting policies and guidelines for this purpose (“Proxy Voting Policies”), which have been adopted by the Trust as the policies and procedures that will be used when voting proxies on behalf of the Funds.
In the absence of a conflict of interest, the Adviser will generally vote “for” routine proposals, such as the election of directors, approval of auditors, and amendments or revisions to corporate documents to eliminate outdated or unnecessary provisions. Unusual or disputed proposals will be reviewed and voted on a case-by-case basis. The Proxy Voting Policies address, among other things, material conflicts of interest that may arise between the interests of each Fund and the interests of the Adviser. The Proxy Voting Policies will ensure that all issues brought to shareholders are analyzed in light of the Adviser’s fiduciary responsibilities.
The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer is responsible for monitoring the effectiveness of the Proxy Voting Policies.
When available, information on how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 will be available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling (833) 333-9383, (2) on the Funds’ website at www.defianceetfs.com, or (3) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
INVESTMENT ADVISER
Tidal Investments LLC, 234 West Florida Street, Suite 700, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, serves as investment adviser to each Fund and has overall responsibility for the general management and administration of each Fund.
Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Adviser provides investment advice to each Fund and oversees the day-to-day operations of each Fund, subject to the direction and oversight of the Board. The Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund’s portfolio, including determining the securities and financial instruments purchased and sold by each Fund, and trading portfolio securities and financial instruments for each Fund, including selecting broker-dealers to execute purchase and sale transactions. Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is also responsible for arranging transfer agency, custody, fund administration and accounting, and other related services necessary for the Funds to operate. The Adviser administers each Fund’s business affairs, provides office facilities and equipment and certain clerical, bookkeeping, and administrative services. Under the Advisory Agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from each Fund, the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by such Fund except for the Excluded Expenses, as defined in the Prospectus. For services provided to the Funds, each Fund pays the Adviser a unitary management fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based of 0.99% on the Fund’s average daily net assets.
The Advisory Agreement with respect to the Funds will continue in force for an initial period of two years. Thereafter, the Advisory Agreement will be renewable from year to year with respect to each Fund, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually (1) by the vote, cast in person (or in another manner permitted by the 1940 Act or pursuant to exemptive relief therefrom) at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of those Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Adviser or the Trust; and (2) by the majority vote of either the full Board or the vote of a majority of the outstanding Shares. The Advisory Agreement automatically terminates on assignment and is terminable on a 60-day written notice either by the Trust or the Adviser.
The Adviser shall not be liable to the Trust or any shareholder for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its agreement with the Trust or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding, or sale of any security.
The Funds are new and have not paid fees to the Adviser as of the date of this SAI.
PORTFOLIO MANAGER
Each Fund is managed by Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser.
Other Accounts. In addition to the Funds, the portfolio manager managed the following other accounts as of December 31, 2025.
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Scott Snyder, Portfolio Manager of the Adviser
| Type of Accounts | Total Number of Accounts |
Total Assets of
Accounts |
Total
Number of Accounts Subject to a Performance- Based Fee |
Total
Assets of (in millions) |
| Registered Investment Companies | 33 | $1,625 | 0 | $0 |
| Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
| Other Accounts | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
Portfolio Manager Fund Ownership. The Funds are required to show the dollar range of each portfolio manager’s “beneficial ownership” of Shares as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year. The dollar amount ranges disclosed are established by the SEC. “Beneficial ownership” is determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the 1934 Act. As of the date of this SAI, the Funds had not yet commenced operations and no Shares were owned by the portfolio managers.
Portfolio Manager Compensation. The portfolio manager is compensated by the Adviser with a base salary and discretionary bonus based on the financial performance and profitability of the Adviser and not based on the performance of the Funds. To the extent the portfolio manager is an equity owner of the Adviser, the portfolio manager may benefit indirectly from the revenue generated by the Funds’ Advisory Agreement with the Adviser.
Description of Material Conflicts of Interest. The portfolio managers’ management of “other accounts” may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with their management of the Funds’ investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. The other accounts may have similar investment objectives or strategies as the Funds. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result, whereby a portfolio manager could favor one account over another. Another potential conflict could include a portfolio manager’s knowledge about the size, timing, and possible market impact of trades by a Fund, whereby a portfolio manager could use this information to the advantage of other accounts and to the disadvantage of any Fund. For instance, the portfolio managers may receive fees from certain accounts that are higher than the fees received from the Funds, or receive a performance-based fee on certain accounts. In those instances, a portfolio manager has an incentive to favor the higher and/or performance-based fee accounts over the Funds. To mitigate these conflicts, each of the Adviser has established policies and procedures to ensure that the purchase and sale of securities among all accounts the firm manages are fairly and equitably allocated.
THE DISTRIBUTOR
The Trust and Foreside Fund Services, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group (dba ACA Group) (the “Distributor”), are parties to a distribution agreement (“Distribution Agreement”), whereby the Distributor acts as principal underwriter for the Funds and distributes Shares on a best efforts basis. Shares are continuously offered for sale by the Distributor only in Creation Units. The Distributor will not distribute Shares in amounts less than a Creation Unit and does not maintain a secondary market in Shares. The principal business address of the Distributor is 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101.
Under the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor, as agent for the Trust, will review orders for the purchase and redemption of Creation Units, provided that any subscriptions and orders will not be binding on the Trust until accepted by the Trust. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the 1934 Act and a member of FINRA.
The Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers (“Soliciting Dealers”) who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of Shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants (as discussed in “Procedures for Purchase of Creation Units” below) or DTC participants (as defined below).
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The Distribution Agreement will continue for two years from its effective date and is renewable annually thereafter. The continuance of the Distribution Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually (1) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the shareholders of each Fund and (2) by the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operations of the Distribution Agreement or any related agreement, cast in person (or in another manner permitted by the 1940 Act or pursuant to exemptive relief therefrom) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on 60 days’ written notice when authorized either by majority vote of its outstanding voting Shares or by a vote of a majority of its Board (including a majority of the Independent Trustees), or by the Distributor on 60 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment. The Distribution Agreement provides that, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence on the part of the Distributor, or reckless disregard by it of its obligations thereunder, the Distributor shall not be liable for any action or failure to act in accordance with its duties thereunder.
The Funds are new and have not incurred any underwriting commissions and the Distributor has not received any amounts as of the date of this SAI.
Intermediary Compensation. The Adviser, or their affiliates, out of their own resources and not out of Fund assets (i.e., without additional cost to each Fund or its shareholders), may pay certain broker dealers, banks and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) for certain activities related to the Funds, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange traded products, including the Funds, or for other activities, such as marketing and educational training or support. These arrangements are not financed by the Funds and, thus, do not result in increased Fund expenses. They are not reflected in the fees and expenses listed in the fees and expenses sections of the Funds’ Prospectus and they do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of Shares or the amount received by a shareholder as proceeds from the redemption of Shares.
Such compensation may be paid to Intermediaries that provide services to the Funds, including marketing and education support (such as through conferences, webinars and printed communications). The Adviser will periodically assess the advisability of continuing to make these payments. Payments to an Intermediary may be significant to the Intermediary, and amounts that Intermediaries pay to your adviser, broker or other investment professional, if any, may also be significant to such adviser, broker or investment professional. Because an Intermediary may make decisions about what investment options it will make available or recommend, and what services to provide in connection with various products, based on payments it receives or is eligible to receive, such payments create conflicts of interest between the Intermediary and its clients. For example, these financial incentives may cause the Intermediary to recommend a Fund over other investments. The same conflict of interest exists with respect to your financial adviser, broker or investment professional if they receive similar payments from their Intermediary firm.
Intermediary information is current only as of the date of this SAI. Please contact your adviser, broker or other investment professional for more information regarding any payments his or her Intermediary firm may receive. Any payments made by the Adviser, , or their affiliates to an Intermediary may create the incentive for an Intermediary to encourage customers to buy Shares.
If you have any additional questions, please call (833) 333-9383.
Distribution (Rule 12b-1) Plan. The Trust has adopted a Distribution (Rule 12b-1) Plan (the “Plan”) in accordance with the provisions of Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. No payments pursuant to the Plan are expected to be made during the twelve (12) month period from the date of this SAI. Rule 12b-1 fees to be paid by a Fund under the Plan may only be imposed after approval by the Board.
Continuance of the Plan must be approved annually by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and by a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan (“Independent Trustees”). None of the Independent Trustees have a direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan. The Plan may be continued from year-to-year only if the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, concludes at least annually that continuation of the Plan is likely to benefit shareholders. The Board has determined that the Plan is likely to benefit the Funds by providing an incentive for brokers, dealers, and other financial intermediaries to engage in sales and marketing efforts on behalf of the Funds and to provide enhanced services to shareholders. The Board also determined that the Plan may enhance the Funds’ ability to sell shares and access important distribution channels.
The Plan requires that quarterly written reports of amounts spent under the Plan and the purposes of such expenditures be furnished to and reviewed by the Trustees. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount that may be spent thereunder without approval by a majority of the outstanding Shares. All material amendments of the Plan will require approval by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and of the Independent Trustees.
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The Plan provides that each Fund pays the Distributor an annual fee of up to a maximum of 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Shares. Under the Plan, the Distributor may make payments pursuant to written agreements to financial institutions and intermediaries such as banks, savings and loan associations, and insurance companies including, without limit, investment counselors, broker-dealers, and the Distributor’s affiliates and subsidiaries (collectively, “Agents”) as compensation for services and reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with distribution assistance. The Plan is characterized as a compensation plan since the distribution fee will be paid to the Distributor without regard to the distribution expenses incurred by the Distributor or the amount of payments made to other financial institutions and intermediaries. The Trust intends to operate the Plan in accordance with its terms and with FINRA rules concerning sales charges.
Under the Plan, subject to the limitations of applicable law and regulations, each Fund is authorized to compensate the Distributor up to the maximum amount to finance any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of Creation Units of the Fund or for providing, or arranging for others to provide, shareholder services and for the maintenance of shareholder accounts. Such activities may include, but are not limited to: (1) delivering copies of the Fund’s then current reports, prospectuses, notices, and similar materials, to prospective purchasers of Creation Units; (2) marketing and promotional services, including advertising; (3) paying the costs of and compensating others, including Authorized Participants with whom the Distributor has entered into written Authorized Participant Agreements, for performing shareholder servicing on behalf of the Fund; (4) compensating certain Authorized Participants for providing assistance in distributing the Creation Units of the Fund, including the travel and communication expenses and salaries and/or commissions of sales personnel in connection with the distribution of the Creation Units of the Fund; (5) payments to financial institutions and intermediaries such as banks, savings and loan associations, insurance companies, and investment counselors, broker-dealers, mutual fund supermarkets, and the affiliates and subsidiaries of the Trust’s service providers as compensation for services or reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with distribution assistance; (6) facilitating communications with beneficial owners of Shares, including the cost of providing, or paying others to provide, services to beneficial owners of Shares, including, but not limited to, assistance in answering inquiries related to Shareholder accounts; and (7) such other services and obligations as are set forth in the Distribution Agreement.
ADMINISTRATOR
Tidal ETF Services LLC (the “Administrator”), a Tidal Financial Group company and an affiliate of the Adviser, serves as the Funds’ administrator. The Administrator is located at 234 West Florida Street, Suite 700, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204. Pursuant to a Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Trust and the Administrator, the Administrator provides the Trust with, or arranges for, administrative, compliance, and management services (other than investment advisory services) to be provided to the Trust and the Board. Pursuant to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement, officers or employees of the Administrator serve as the Trust’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and chief compliance officer, the Administrator coordinates the payment of Fund-related expenses, and the Administrator manages the Trust’s relationships with its various service providers. As compensation for the services it provides, the Administrator receives a fee based on the Funds’ average daily net assets, subject to a minimum annual fee. The Administrator also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses for the services mentioned above.
The Funds are new, and the Administrator has not received any fees for administrative services to the Funds as of the date of this SAI.
SUB-ADMINISTRATOR AND TRANSFER AGENT
Global Fund Services, located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, serves as the Funds’ sub-administrator and transfer agent.
Pursuant to a Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement and a Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Trust and Global Fund Services, Global Fund Services provides the Trust with administrative and management services (other than investment advisory services) and accounting services, including portfolio accounting services, tax accounting services and furnishing financial reports. In this capacity, Global Fund Services does not have any responsibility or authority for the management of the Funds, the determination of investment policy, or for any matter pertaining to the distribution of Shares. As compensation for the administration, accounting and management services, the Adviser pays Global Fund Services a fee based on each Fund’s average daily net assets, subject to a minimum annual fee. Global Fund Services also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses for the services mentioned above, including pricing expenses.
The Funds are new, and Global Fund Services has not received any fees for sub-administration services to the Funds as of the date of this SAI.
CUSTODIAN
Pursuant to a Custody Agreement, U.S. Bank National Association (“U.S. Bank”), 1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212, serves as the custodian (the “Custodian”) of each Fund’s assets. U.S. Bank is the parent company of Global Fund Services. The Custodian holds and administers the assets in the Funds’ portfolios. Pursuant to the Custody Agreement, the Custodian receives an annual fee from the Adviser based on the Trust’s total average daily net assets, subject to a minimum annual fee, and certain settlement charges. The Custodian also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses.
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LEGAL COUNSEL
Sullivan & Worcester LLP, 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 19th Floor, New York, NY 10020, serves as legal counsel for the Trust and the Independent Trustees.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Cohen & Company, Ltd., 1835 Market Street, Suite 310, Philadelphia, PA 19103, serves as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Funds. Its services include auditing the Funds’ financial statements. Cohen & Co Advisory, LLC, an affiliate of Cohen & Company, Ltd., provides tax services as requested.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS DISCLOSURE POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of information about each Fund’s security holdings. Each Fund’s entire portfolio holdings are publicly disseminated each day the Funds are open for business and through financial reporting and news services including publicly available internet web sites. In addition, the composition of the Deposit Securities is publicly disseminated daily prior to the opening of the Exchange via the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”).
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
The Third Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (“Declaration of Trust”) authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of funds and shares. Each share represents an equal proportionate interest in such Fund with each other share. Shares are entitled upon liquidation to a pro rata share in the net assets of such Fund. Shareholders have no preemptive rights. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees may create additional series or classes of shares. All consideration received by the Trust for shares of any additional funds and all assets in which such consideration is invested would belong to that fund and would be subject to the liabilities related thereto. Share certificates representing Shares will not be issued. Shares, when issued, are fully paid and non-assessable.
Each Share has one vote with respect to matters upon which a shareholder vote is required, consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder. Shares of all funds in the Trust vote together as a single class, except that if the matter being voted on affects only a particular fund it will be voted on only by that fund and if a matter affects a particular fund differently from other funds, that fund will vote separately on such matter. As a Delaware statutory trust, the Trust is not required, and does not intend, to hold annual meetings of shareholders. Approval of shareholders will be sought, however, for certain changes in the operation of the Trust and for the election of Trustees under certain circumstances. The Trust will call for a meeting of shareholders to consider the removal of one or more Trustees and other certain matters upon the written request of shareholders holding at least a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust entitled to vote at such meeting. In the event that such a meeting is requested, the Trust will provide appropriate assistance and information to the shareholders requesting the meeting.
Under the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have the power to liquidate each Fund without shareholder approval. While the Trustees have no present intention of exercising this power, they may do so if a Fund fails to reach a viable size within a reasonable amount of time or for such other reasons as may be determined by the Board.
LIMITATION OF TRUSTEES’ LIABILITY
The Declaration of Trust provides that a Trustee shall be liable only for his or her own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust shall indemnify each person who is, or has been, a Trustee or officer of the Trust, and upon the due approval of the Trustees, each person who is, or has been an employee or agent of the Trust, and, upon due approval of the Trustees, any person who is serving or has served at the Trust’s request as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, agent, or fiduciary of another organization with respect to any alleged acts or omissions while acting within the scope of a Trustee’s service in such a position. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust shall protect or indemnify a Trustee against any liability for a Trustee’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee. Nothing contained in this section attempts to disclaim a Trustee’s individual liability in any manner inconsistent with the federal securities laws.
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BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
The policy of the Trust regarding purchases and sales of securities for a Fund is that primary consideration will be given to obtaining the most favorable prices and efficient executions of transactions. Consistent with this policy, when securities transactions are effected on a stock exchange, the Trust’s policy is to pay commissions which are considered fair and reasonable without necessarily determining that the lowest possible commissions are paid in all circumstances. The Trust believes that a requirement always to seek the lowest possible commission cost could impede effective portfolio management and preclude a Fund and the Adviser from obtaining a high quality of brokerage and research services. In seeking to determine the reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid in any transaction, the Adviser will rely upon its experience and knowledge regarding commissions generally charged by various brokers and on its judgment in evaluating the brokerage services received from the broker effecting the transaction. Such determinations are necessarily subjective and imprecise, as in most cases, an exact dollar value for those services is not ascertainable. The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that prohibit the consideration of sales of Shares as a factor in the selection of a broker or dealer to execute its portfolio transactions.
The Adviser owes a fiduciary duty to its clients to seek to provide best execution on trades effected. In selecting a broker/dealer for each specific transaction, the Adviser chooses the broker/dealer deemed most capable of providing the services necessary to obtain the most favorable execution. “Best execution” is generally understood to mean the most favorable cost or net proceeds reasonably obtainable under the circumstances. The full range of brokerage services applicable to a particular transaction may be considered when making this judgment, which may include, but is not limited to liquidity, price, commission, timing, aggregated trades, capable floor brokers or traders, competent block trading coverage, ability to position, capital strength and stability, reliable and accurate communications and settlement processing, use of automation, knowledge of other buyers or sellers, arbitrage skills, administrative ability, underwriting, and provision of information on a particular security or market in which the transaction is to occur. The specific criteria will vary depending upon the nature of the transaction, the market in which it is executed, and the extent to which it is possible to select from among multiple broker/ dealers. The Adviser will also use electronic crossing networks (“ECNs”) when appropriate.
Subject to the foregoing policies, brokers or dealers selected to execute a Fund’s portfolio transactions may include such Fund’s Authorized Participants (as discussed in “Purchase and Redemption of Shares in Creation Units — Procedures for Purchase of Creation Units” below) or their affiliates. An Authorized Participant or its affiliates may be selected to execute a Fund’s portfolio transactions in conjunction with an all-cash Creation Unit order or an order including “cash-in-lieu” (as described below under “Purchase and Redemption of Shares in Creation Units”), so long as such selection is in keeping with the foregoing policies. As described below under “Purchase and Redemption of Shares in Creation Units — Creation Transaction Fee” and “ — Redemption Transaction Fee”, a Fund may determine to not charge a variable fee on certain orders when the Adviser has determined that doing so is in the best interests of a Fund’s shareholders, even if the decision to not charge a variable fee could be viewed as benefiting the Authorized Participant or its affiliate selected to execute such Fund’s portfolio transactions in connection with such orders.
The Adviser may use a Fund’s assets for, or participate in, third-party soft dollar arrangements, in addition to receiving proprietary research from various full-service brokers, the cost of which is bundled with the cost of the broker’s execution services. The Adviser or does not “pay up” for the value of any such proprietary research. Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act permits the Adviser under certain circumstances, to cause a Fund to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by the broker or dealer. The Adviser may receive a variety of research services and information on many topics, which it can use in connection with its management responsibilities with respect to the various accounts over which it exercises investment discretion or otherwise provides investment advice. The research services may include qualifying order management systems, portfolio attribution and monitoring services, and computer software and access charges which are directly related to investment research.
Accordingly, a Fund may pay a broker commission higher than the lowest available in recognition of the broker’s provision of such services to the Adviser but only if the Adviser determines the total commission (including the soft dollar benefit) is comparable to the best commission rate that could be expected to be received from other brokers. The amount of soft dollar benefits received depends on the amount of brokerage transactions effected with the brokers. A conflict of interest exists because there is an incentive to (1) cause clients to pay a higher commission than the firm might otherwise be able to negotiate, (2) cause clients to engage in more securities transactions than would otherwise be optimal, and (3) only recommend brokers that provide soft dollar benefits.
The Adviser faces a potential conflict of interest when it uses client trades to obtain brokerage or research services. This conflict exists because the Adviser can use the brokerage or research services to manage client accounts without paying cash for such services, which reduces the Adviser’s expenses to the extent that the Adviser would have purchased such products had they not been provided by brokers. Section 28(e) permits the Adviser to use brokerage or research services for the benefit of any account it manages. Certain accounts managed by the Adviser may generate soft dollars used to purchase brokerage or research services that ultimately benefit other accounts managed by the Adviser effectively cross subsidizing the other accounts managed by the Adviser that benefit directly from the product. The Adviser may not necessarily use all of the brokerage or research services in connection with managing a Fund whose trades generated the soft dollars used to purchase such products.
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The Adviser is responsible, subject to oversight by the Board, for placing orders on behalf of each Fund for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of a Fund and one or more other investment companies or clients supervised by the Adviser are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the several investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to all by the Adviser. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as the Funds are concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower brokerage commissions will be beneficial to the Funds. The primary consideration is prompt execution of orders at the most favorable net price.
The Funds may deal with affiliates in principal transactions to the extent permitted by exemptive order or applicable rule or regulation.
The Funds are new and have not paid any brokerage commissions as of the date of this SAI.
Brokerage with Fund Affiliates. The Funds may execute brokerage or other agency transactions through registered broker-dealer affiliates of the Funds or the Adviser for a commission in conformity with the 1940 Act, the 1934 Act and rules promulgated by the SEC. These rules require that commissions paid to the affiliate by the Funds for exchange transactions not exceed “usual and customary” brokerage commissions. The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts which are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” The Trustees, including those who are not “interested persons” of the Funds, have adopted procedures for evaluating the reasonableness of commissions paid to affiliates and review these procedures periodically.
The Funds are new and have not paid brokerage commissions to any registered broker-dealer affiliates of the Funds or the Adviser as of the date of this SAI.
Directed Brokerage. The Funds are new and have not paid any commissions on brokerage transactions directed to brokers pursuant to an agreement or understanding whereby the broker provides research or other brokerage services to the Adviser.
Securities of “Regular Broker-Dealers.” The Funds are required to identify any securities of its “regular brokers and dealers” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) that it may hold at the close of its most recent fiscal year. “Regular brokers or dealers” of the Funds are the ten brokers or dealers that, during the most recent fiscal year: (i) received the greatest dollar amounts of brokerage commissions from the Fund’s portfolio transactions; (ii) engaged as principal in the largest dollar amounts of portfolio transactions of the Fund; or (iii) sold the largest dollar amounts of Shares.
The Funds are new and did not own equity securities of its regular broker-dealers or their parent companies as of the date of this SAI.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE
A portfolio turnover rate is, in summary, the percentage computed by dividing the lesser of a Fund’s purchases or sales of securities (excluding short-term securities and securities transferred in-kind) by the average market value of such Fund. A rate of 100% indicates that the equivalent of all of the Fund’s assets have been sold and reinvested in a year. High portfolio turnover may affect the amount, timing and character of distributions, and, as a result, may increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders. Higher portfolio turnover also results in higher transaction costs. To the extent that net short-term capital gains are realized by a Fund, any distributions resulting from such gains are considered ordinary income for federal income tax purposes.
The Funds are new and do not have portfolio turnover rates to report as of the date of this SAI.
BOOK ENTRY ONLY SYSTEM
The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) acts as securities depositary for Shares. Shares are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC. Except in limited circumstances set forth below, certificates will not be issued for Shares.
DTC is a limited-purpose trust company that was created to hold securities of its participants (the “DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the NYSE and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers, and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (the “Indirect Participants”).
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Beneficial ownership of Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants, and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to in this SAI as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of Shares. The Trust recognizes DTC or its nominee as the record owner of all Shares for all purposes. Beneficial Owners of Shares are not entitled to have Shares registered in their names, and will not receive or be entitled to physical delivery of Share certificates. Each Beneficial Owner must rely on the procedures of DTC and any DTC Participant and/or Indirect Participant through which such Beneficial Owner holds its interests, to exercise any rights of a holder of Shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements, and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. DTC will make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee a listing of Shares held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall obtain from each such DTC Participant the number of Beneficial Owners holding Shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement, or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all Shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the Funds as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of Shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in Shares, or for maintaining, supervising, or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants.
DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to a Fund at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Fund and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Fund shall act either to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if such replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of Shares, unless the Trust makes other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the Exchange.
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES IN CREATION UNITS
The Trust issues and redeems Shares only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Transfer Agent, without a sales load (but subject to transaction fees, if applicable), at their NAV per share next determined after receipt of an order, on any Business Day, in proper form pursuant to the terms of the Authorized Participant Agreement (“Participant Agreement”). The NAV of Shares is calculated each Business Day as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the NYSE, generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time. The Funds will not issue fractional Creation Units. A “Business Day” is any day on which the NYSE is open for regular trading.
Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit of a Fund generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) per each Creation Unit and the Cash Component (defined below), computed as described below. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. When accepting purchases of Creation Units for all or a portion of Deposit Cash, a Fund may incur additional costs associated with the acquisition of Deposit Securities that would otherwise be provided by an in-kind purchaser.
Together, the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of a Fund. The “Cash Component” is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of Shares (per Creation Unit) and the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. If the Cash Component is a positive number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such positive amount. If the Cash Component is a negative number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such negative amount and the creator will be entitled to receive cash in an amount equal to the Cash Component. The Cash Component serves the function of compensating for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. Computation of the Cash Component excludes any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities, if applicable, which shall be the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant (as defined below).
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Each Fund, through NSCC, make available on each Business Day, prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time), the list of the names and the required number of Shares of each Deposit Security or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day) for the Fund. Such Fund Deposit is subject to any applicable adjustments as described below, to effect purchases of Creation Units of the applicable Fund until such time as the next-announced composition of the Deposit Securities or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, is made available.
The identity and number of Shares of the Deposit Securities or the amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, required for the Fund Deposit for a Fund may change from time to time.
Cash Purchase. The Trust may at its discretion permit full or partial cash purchases of Creation Units of a Fund. When full or partial cash purchases of Creation Units are available or specified for a Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases thereof. In the case of a full or partial cash purchase, the Authorized Participant must pay the cash equivalent of the Deposit Securities it would otherwise be required to provide through an in-kind purchase, plus the same Cash Component required to be paid by an in-kind purchaser together with a creation transaction fee and non-standard charges, as may be applicable.
Procedures for Purchase of Creation Units. To be eligible to place orders with the Transfer Agent to purchase a Creation Unit of a Fund, an entity must be (i) a “Participating Party” (i.e., a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (the “Clearing Process”)), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC; or (ii) a DTC Participant (see “Book Entry Only System”). In addition, each Participating Party or DTC Participant (each, an “Authorized Participant”) must execute a Participant Agreement with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Each Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of a Participant Agreement, on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that it will pay to the Trust, an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component together with the creation transaction fee (described below), if applicable, and any other applicable fees and taxes.
All orders to purchase Shares directly from a Fund must be placed for one or more Creation Units and in the manner and by the time set forth in the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form. The order cut-off time for orders to purchase Creation Units is expected to be 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the Funds, which time may be modified by a Fund from time-to-time by amendment to the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form. The date on which an order to purchase Creation Units (or an order to redeem Creation Units, as set forth below) is received and accepted is referred to as the “Order Placement Date.”
An Authorized Participant may require an investor to make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order (e.g., to provide for payments of cash, when required). Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement and that, therefore, orders to purchase Shares directly from a Fund in Creation Units must be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. In such cases there may be additional charges to such investor. At any given time, there may be only a limited number of broker-dealers that have executed a Participant Agreement and only a small number of such Authorized Participants may have international capabilities.
On days when the Exchange closes earlier than normal, each Fund may require orders to create Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. In addition, if a market or markets on which a Fund’s investments are primarily traded is closed, the Fund will also generally not accept orders on such day(s). Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Transfer Agent pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement and in accordance with the applicable order form. On behalf of a Fund, the Transfer Agent will notify the Custodian of such order. The Custodian will then provide such information to the appropriate local sub-custodian(s). Those placing orders through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Transfer Agent by the cut-off time on such Business Day. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure may impede the ability to reach the Transfer Agent or an Authorized Participant.
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Fund Deposits must be delivered by an Authorized Participant through the Federal Reserve System (for cash) or through DTC (for corporate securities), through a subcustody agent (for foreign securities) and/or through such other arrangements allowed by the Trust or its agents. With respect to foreign Deposit Securities, the Custodian shall cause the subcustodian of a Fund to maintain an account into which the Authorized Participant shall deliver, on behalf of itself or the party on whose behalf it is acting, such Deposit Securities (or Deposit Cash for all or a part of such securities, as permitted or required), with any appropriate adjustments as advised by the Trust. Foreign Deposit Securities must be delivered to an account maintained at the applicable local subcustodian. A Fund Deposit transfer must be ordered by the Authorized Participant in a timely fashion to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, to the account of the applicable Fund or its agents by no later than 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the Fund (or such other time as specified by the Trust) on the contractual settlement date. If the applicable Fund or its agents do not receive all of the Deposit Securities, or the required Deposit Cash in lieu thereof, by such time, then the order may be deemed rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. All questions as to the number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash to be delivered, as applicable, and the validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) for the deposit of any tendered securities or cash, as applicable, will be determined by the Trust, whose determination shall be final and binding. The amount of cash represented by the Cash Component must be transferred directly to the Custodian through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system in a timely manner to be received by the Custodian no later than the contractual settlement date. If the Cash Component and the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, are not received by the Custodian in a timely manner by the contractual settlement date, the creation order may be cancelled. Upon written notice to the Transfer Agent, such canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using a Fund Deposit as newly constituted to reflect the then current NAV of such Fund.
The order shall be deemed to be received on the Business Day on which the order is placed provided that the order is placed in proper form prior to the applicable cut-off time and the federal funds in the appropriate amount are deposited by 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the applicable Fund, with the Custodian on the contractual settlement date. If the order is not placed in proper form as required, or federal funds in the appropriate amount are not received by 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the applicable Fund on the contractual settlement date, then the order may be deemed to be rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the applicable Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. A creation request is in “proper form” if all procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement, order form and this SAI are properly followed.
Issuance of a Creation Unit. Except as provided in this SAI, Creation Units will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the Trust of the Deposit Securities or payment of Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the required Deposit Securities (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the Custodian (or sub-custodian, as applicable), the Transfer Agent and the Adviser shall be notified of such delivery, and the Trust will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Units. The typical settlement date for each transaction will be within one day of the transaction (commonly referred to as “T+1”), unless the Fund and Authorized Participant agree to a different timeline for settlement or the transaction is exempt from the requirements of Rule 15c6-1 under the 1934 Act. Due to the schedule of holidays in certain countries, however, the delivery of Shares may take longer than one Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is received. In such cases, the local market settlement procedures will not commence until the end of local holiday periods. The Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Funds for losses, if any, resulting from unsettled orders.
Creation Units may be purchased in advance of receipt by the Trust of all or a portion of the applicable Deposit Securities as described below. In these circumstances, the initial deposit will have a value greater than the NAV of the Shares on the date the order is placed in proper form since, in addition to available Deposit Securities, cash must be deposited in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the Cash Component, plus (ii) an additional amount of cash equal to a percentage of the value as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the undelivered Deposit Securities (the “Additional Cash Deposit”), which shall be maintained in a separate non-interest bearing collateral account. The Authorized Participant must deposit with the Custodian the Additional Cash Deposit, as applicable, by 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the applicable Fund (or such other time as specified by the Trust) on the contractual settlement date. If the applicable Fund or its agents do not receive the Additional Cash Deposit in the appropriate amount, by such time, then the order may be deemed rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the applicable Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. An additional amount of cash shall be required to be deposited with the Trust, pending delivery of the missing Deposit Securities to the extent necessary to maintain the Additional Cash Deposit with the Trust in an amount at least equal to the applicable percentage, as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the daily market value of the missing Deposit Securities. The Participant Agreement will permit the Trust to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time. Authorized Participants will be liable to the Trust for the costs incurred by the Trust in connection with any such purchases. These costs will be deemed to include the amount by which the actual purchase price of the Deposit Securities exceeds the value of such Deposit Securities on the day the purchase order was deemed received by the Transfer Agent plus the brokerage and related transaction costs associated with such purchases. The Trust will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the missing Deposit Securities have been properly received by the Custodian or purchased by the Trust and deposited into the Trust. In addition, a transaction fee, as described below under “Creation Transaction Fee,” may be charged. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the contractual settlement date.
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Acceptance of Orders of Creation Units. The Trust reserves the right to reject an order for Creation Units transmitted to it by the Transfer Agent with respect to a Fund including, without limitation, if (a) the order is not in proper form; (b) the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, delivered by the Authorized Participant are not as disseminated through the facilities of the NSCC for that date by the Custodian; (c) the investor(s), upon obtaining Shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding Shares of the Fund; (d) the acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (e) the acceptance or receipt of the order for a Creation Unit would, in the opinion of counsel to the Trust, be unlawful; or (f) in the event that circumstances outside the control of the Trust, the Custodian, the Transfer Agent and/or the Adviser make it for all practical purposes not feasible to process orders for Creation Units.
Examples of such circumstances include acts of God; public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Trust, the Distributor, the Custodian, a sub-custodian, the Transfer Agent, DTC, NSCC, Federal Reserve System, or any other participant in the creation process, and other extraordinary events. The Transfer Agent shall notify a prospective creator of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of the creator of a Creation Unit of its rejection of the order of such person. The Trust, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian, any sub-custodian and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall either of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification. The Trust, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian and the Distributor shall not be liable for the rejection of any purchase order for Creation Units.
All questions as to the number of Shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Trust, and the Trust’s determination shall be final and binding.
Notwithstanding the Trust’s ability to reject an order for creation units, the Trust will only do so in a manner consistent with any current or future SEC rulemaking or guidance relating thereto; provided that, no such suspension of the issuance of creation units will be done in a manner that impairs the arbitrage mechanism for investors.
Creation Transaction Fee. A fixed purchase (i.e., creation) transaction fee, payable to the Custodian, may be imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the purchase of Creation Units (“Creation Order Costs”). The standard fixed creation transaction fee for each Fund, regardless of the number of Creation Units created in the transaction, can be found in the table below. Each Fund may adjust the standard fixed creation transaction fee from time to time. The fixed creation fee may be waived on certain orders if the Custodian has determined to waive some or all of the Creation Order Costs associated with the order or another party, such as the Adviser, has agreed to pay such fee.
In addition, a variable fee, payable to the Funds, of up to the maximum percentage listed in the table below of the value of the Creation Units subject to the transaction may be imposed for cash purchases, non-standard orders, or partial cash purchases of Creation Units. The variable charge is primarily designed to cover additional costs (e.g., brokerage, taxes) involved with buying the securities with cash. Each Fund may determine to not charge a variable fee on certain orders when the Adviser has determined that doing so is in the best interests of Fund shareholders.
| Fixed Creation Transaction Fee | Maximum Variable Transaction Fee |
| $300 | 2.00% |
Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring the Fund Securities (defined below) from the Trust to their account or on their order.
Risks of Purchasing Creation Units. There are certain legal risks unique to investors purchasing Creation Units directly from a Fund. Because Shares may be issued on an ongoing basis, a “distribution” of Shares could be occurring at any time. Certain activities that a shareholder performs as a dealer could, depending on the circumstances, result in the shareholder being deemed a participant in the distribution in a manner that could render the shareholder a statutory underwriter and subject to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act. For example, a shareholder could be deemed a statutory underwriter if it purchases Creation Units from a Fund, breaks them down into the constituent Shares, and sells those Shares directly to customers, or if a shareholder chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary-market demand for Shares. Whether a person is an underwriter depends upon all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to that person’s activities, and the examples mentioned here should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could cause you to be deemed an underwriter.
Dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as opposed to engaging in ordinary secondary-market transactions), and thus dealing with Shares as part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(C) of the Securities Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act.
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Redemption. Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Funds through the Transfer Agent and only on a Business Day. EXCEPT UPON LIQUIDATION OF A FUND, THE FUND WILL NOT REDEEM SHARES IN AMOUNTS LESS THAN CREATION UNITS. Investors must accumulate enough Shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit to have such Shares redeemed by the Trust. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of Shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit.
With respect to each Fund, the Custodian, through the NSCC, makes available prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time) on each Business Day, the list of the names and Share quantities of each Fund’s portfolio securities that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”). Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities.
Redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit are paid either in-kind or in cash, or combination thereof, as determined by the Trust. With respect to in-kind redemptions of the Funds, redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit will consist of Fund Securities—as announced by the Custodian on the Business Day of the request for redemption received in proper form plus cash in an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of Shares being redeemed, as next determined after a receipt of a request in proper form, and the value of the Fund Securities (the “Cash Redemption Amount”), less a fixed redemption transaction fee, as applicable, as set forth below. If the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of Shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the differential is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at the Trust’s discretion, an Authorized Participant may receive the corresponding cash value of the securities in lieu of the in-kind securities value representing one or more Fund Securities.
The typical settlement date for each redemption transaction will be within one day of the transaction (or T+1), unless the Fund and Authorized Participant agree to a different timeline for settlement or the transaction is exempt from the requirements of Rule 15c6-1 under the 1934 Act. Due to the schedule of holidays in certain countries, however, the receipt of redemption proceeds may take longer than one Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is received. In such cases, the local market settlement procedures will not commence until the end of local holiday periods.
Redemption Transaction Fee. A fixed redemption transaction fee, payable to the Custodian, may be imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the redemption of Creation Units (“Redemption Order Costs”). The standard fixed redemption transaction fee for a Fund, regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed in the transaction, can be found in the table below. Each Fund may adjust the redemption transaction fee from time to time. The fixed redemption fee may be waived on certain orders if the Custodian has determined to waive some or all of the Redemption Order Costs associated with the order or another party, such as the Adviser, has agreed to pay such fee.
In addition, a variable fee, payable to each Fund, of up to the maximum percentage listed in the table below of the value of the Creation Units subject to the transaction may be imposed for cash redemptions, non-standard orders, or partial cash redemptions (when cash redemptions are available) of Creation Units. The variable charge is primarily designed to cover additional costs (e.g., brokerage, taxes) involved with selling portfolio securities to satisfy a cash redemption. Each Fund may determine to not charge a variable fee on certain orders when the Adviser has determined that doing so is in the best interests of Fund shareholders.
| Fixed Redemption Transaction Fee | Maximum Variable Transaction Fee |
| $300 | 2.00% |
Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring the Fund Securities from the Trust to their account or on their order.
Procedures for Redemption of Creation Units. Orders to redeem Creation Units must be submitted in proper form to the Transfer Agent prior to 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time. A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Trust’s Transfer Agent the Creation Unit(s) being redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the time as set forth in the Participant Agreement and (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the Trust is received by the Transfer Agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified in the Participant Agreement. If the Transfer Agent does not receive the investor’s Shares through DTC’s facilities by the times and pursuant to the other terms and conditions set forth in the Participant Agreement, the redemption request shall be rejected.
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The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption, in the form required by the Trust, to the Transfer Agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement, and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed an Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the Shares to the Trust’s Transfer Agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.
Additional Redemption Procedures. In connection with taking delivery of Shares of Fund Securities upon redemption of Creation Units, a redeeming shareholder or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such Shareholder must maintain appropriate custody arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank, or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the Fund Securities are customarily traded, to which account such Fund Securities will be delivered. Deliveries of redemption proceeds will generally be made by the next Business Day following the trade date, as discussed above.
The Trust may in its discretion exercise its option cause a Fund to redeem such Shares in cash, and the redeeming investor will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In addition, an investor may request a redemption in cash that the applicable Fund may, in its sole discretion, permit. In either case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its Shares based on the NAV of Shares of such Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee, if applicable, and additional charge for requested cash redemptions specified above, to offset the Trust’s brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). A Fund may also, in its sole discretion, upon request of a shareholder, provide such redeemer a portfolio of securities that differs from the exact composition of the Fund Securities but does not differ in NAV.
Redemptions of Shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and each Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Trust could not lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws. An Authorized Participant or an investor for which it is acting subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the Fund Securities applicable to the redemption of Creation Units may be paid an equivalent amount of cash. The Authorized Participant may request the redeeming investor of the Shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment. Further, an Authorized Participant that is not a “qualified institutional buyer,” (“QIB”) as such term is defined under Rule 144A of the Securities Act, will not be able to receive Fund Securities that are restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A. An Authorized Participant may be required by the Trust to provide a written confirmation with respect to QIB status to receive Fund Securities.
The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to a Fund (1) for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (2) for any period during which trading on the Exchange is suspended or restricted; (3) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the Shares of the Fund or determination of the NAV of the Shares is not reasonably practicable; or (4) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
NAV per Share for each Fund is computed by dividing the value of the net assets of such Fund (i.e., the value of its total assets, less total liabilities) by the total number of Shares outstanding, rounded to the nearest cent. Expenses and fees, including the management fees, are accrued daily and taken into account for the purpose of determining NAV. The NAV of ach Fund is calculated by Global Fund Services and determined at the scheduled close of the regular trading session on the NYSE (ordinarily 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) on each day that the NYSE is open, provided that fixed-income assets may be valued as of the announced closing time for trading in fixed-income instruments on any day that the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (“SIFMA”) announces an early closing time.
In calculating each Fund’s NAV per Share, such Fund’s investments are generally valued using a pricing service. The Fund may use various pricing services, or discontinue the use of any pricing service, as approved by the Adviser from time to time. A price obtained from a pricing service based on such pricing service’s valuation matrix may be considered a market valuation. Any assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted into U.S. dollars at the current market rates on the date of valuation as quoted by one or more sources. For assets traded on an exchange, the Fund may value investments using market valuations. A market valuation generally means a valuation (1) obtained from an exchange, a pricing service, or a major market maker (or dealer), (2) based on a price quotation or other equivalent indication of value supplied by an exchange, a pricing service, or a major market maker (or dealer) or (3) based on amortized cost. In the case of shares of other funds that are not traded on an exchange, a market valuation means such fund’s published NAV per share.
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Each Fund values swap agreements based on the nature of the underlying reference asset or index. The Fund may use the closing price of the underlying reference asset, as provided by independent pricing services, or evaluated prices generated by pricing vendors’ models. Each Fund values exchange-traded options at the composite mean price, calculated as the average of the highest bid and lowest ask prices across the exchanges on which the option is principally traded.
When market valuations are not “readily available” or are deemed to be unreliable, consistent with Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act, the Trust and the Adviser have adopted procedures and methodologies wherein the Adviser, serving as the Fund’s Valuation Designee (as defined in Rule 2a-5), determines the fair value of Fund investments.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes.”
General Policies. Each Fund intends to pay out dividends and interest income, if any, twice weekly and distribute any net realized capital gains to its shareholders at least annually.
Each Fund will declare and pay income and capital gain distributions, if any, in cash. Distributions of net realized capital gains, if any, generally are declared and paid once a year, but the Fund may make distributions on a more frequent basis to comply with the distribution requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”), in all events in a manner consistent with the provisions of the 1940 Act.
Dividends and other distributions on Shares are distributed, as described below, on a pro rata basis to Beneficial Owners of such Shares. Dividend payments are made through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners then of record with proceeds received from the Trust.
Each Fund makes additional distributions to the extent necessary (1) to distribute the entire annual taxable income of the Fund, plus any net capital gains and (2) to avoid imposition of the excise tax imposed by Section 4982 of the Code. Management of the Trust reserves the right to declare special dividends if, in its reasonable discretion, such action is necessary or advisable to preserve the Fund’s eligibility for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) or to avoid imposition of income or excise taxes on undistributed income at the Fund level.
Dividend Reinvestment Service. The Trust will not make the DTC book-entry dividend reinvestment service available for use by Beneficial Owners for reinvestment of their cash proceeds, but certain individual broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by Beneficial Owners of the applicable Fund through DTC Participants for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. Investors should contact their brokers to ascertain the availability and description of these services. Beneficial Owners should be aware that each broker may require investors to adhere to specific procedures and timetables to participate in the dividend reinvestment service and investors should ascertain from their brokers such necessary details. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole Shares of the applicable Fund issued by the Trust of such Fund at NAV per Share. Distributions reinvested in additional Shares will nevertheless be taxable to Beneficial Owners acquiring such additional Shares to the same extent as if such distributions had been received in cash.
FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
The following is only a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting the Funds and their respective shareholders that supplements the discussion in the Prospectus. No attempt is made to present a comprehensive explanation of the federal, state, local or foreign tax treatment of the Funds or their respective shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Prospectus is not intended to be a substitute for careful tax planning.
The following general discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences is based on provisions of the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this SAI. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein.
The tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) made significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules for taxation of individuals and corporations, generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Many of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and would apply only to taxable years before January 1, 2026. There were only minor changes with respect to the specific rules applicable to RICs, such as the Funds. The Tax Act, however, also made numerous other changes to the tax rules that may affect shareholders and the Funds. Subsequent legislation has modified certain changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules made by the Tax Act which may, in addition, affect shareholders and the Funds. You are urged to consult with your own tax advisor regarding how this legislation affects your investment in a Fund.
Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the application of the provisions of tax law described in this SAI in light of the particular tax situations of the shareholders and regarding specific questions as to federal, state, local, or foreign taxes.
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Taxation of the Funds. Each Fund will elect and intends to qualify each year to be treated as a RIC under the Code. As such, each Fund should not be subject to federal income taxes on its net investment income and capital gains, if any, to the extent that it timely distributes such income and capital gains to its shareholders. Generally, to be taxed as a RIC, a Fund must distribute in each taxable year at least 90% of its net investment income for the taxable year, which includes, among other items, dividends, interest, net short-term capital gain and net foreign currency gain, less expenses, as well as 90% of its net tax-exempt interest income, if any (the “Distribution Requirement”) and also must meet several additional requirements. Among these requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of the Fund’s gross income each taxable year must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or foreign currencies, and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “Qualifying Income Requirement”); and (ii) at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, the Fund’s assets must be diversified so that (a) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect to any one issuer, to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, the securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “Diversification Requirement”).
For purposes of the Diversification Requirement, exchange-traded options on a single security are, and swap contracts on a single security very likely are, treated as issued by the issuer of the underlying security, and not by the counter party, exchange or clearing house which legally issues the swap contract or option. Thus, such swap contracts and options on a single security are treated as issued by a single issuer. Each Fund will monitor its investments so that the value of swap contracts and options on shares of a single issuer does not exceed 25% of the Fund’s value at the close of any quarter, and that its holdings will not be concentrated to the extent that the Fund fails the 50% test at the close of any quarter. There is no assurance that the Fund will be able to satisfy the Diversification Requirement. In some cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under current law, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to issuer identification for a particular type of investment may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to meet the Diversification Test.
To the extent a Fund makes investments that may generate income that is not qualifying income, including certain derivatives, such Fund will seek to restrict the resulting income from such investments so that the Fund’s non-qualifying income does not exceed 10% of its gross income.
Although each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and may distribute its capital gains for any taxable year, a Fund will be subject to federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. Each Fund is treated as a separate corporation for federal income tax purposes. Each Fund therefore is considered to be a separate entity in determining its treatment under the rules for RICs described herein. The requirements (other than certain organizational requirements) for qualifying RIC status are determined at the Fund level rather than at the Trust level.
If a Fund fails to satisfy the Qualifying Income Requirement or the Diversification Requirement in any taxable year, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the Diversification Requirement where a Fund corrects the failure within a specified period of time. To be eligible for the relief provisions with respect to a failure to meet the Diversification Requirement, a Fund may be required to dispose of certain assets. If these relief provisions were not available to a Fund and it were to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC for a taxable year, all of its taxable income would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and its distributions (including capital gains distributions) generally would be taxable to the shareholders of the applicable Fund as ordinary income dividends, subject to the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders and the lower tax rates on qualified dividend income received by noncorporate shareholders, subject to certain limitations. To requalify for treatment as a RIC in a subsequent taxable year, the Fund would be required to satisfy the RIC qualification requirements for that year and to distribute any earnings and profits from any year in which the Fund failed to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC. If the Fund failed to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, it would generally be required to pay a fund-level tax on certain net built in gains recognized with respect to certain of its assets upon disposition of such assets within five years of qualifying as a RIC in a subsequent year. The Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of a Fund for treatment as a RIC if it determines such course of action to be beneficial to shareholders. If a Fund determines that it will not qualify as a RIC, the Fund will establish procedures to reflect the anticipated tax liability in such Fund’s NAV.
Each Fund may elect to treat part or all of any “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Fund’s taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in characterizing Fund distributions for any calendar year. A “qualified late year loss” generally includes net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year, subject to special rules in the event the Fund makes an election under Section 4982(e)(4) of the Code, (commonly referred to as “post-October losses”), and certain other late-year losses.
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Capital losses in excess of capital gains (“net capital losses”) are not permitted to be deducted against a RIC’s net investment income. Instead, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, potentially subject to certain limitations, the Fund may carry a net capital loss from any taxable year forward indefinitely to offset its capital gains, if any, in years following the year of the loss. To the extent subsequent capital gains are offset by such losses, they will not result in U.S. federal income tax liability to the Fund and may not be distributed as capital gains to its shareholders. Generally, the Fund may not carry forward any losses other than net capital losses. The carryover of capital losses may be limited under the general loss limitation rules if the Fund experiences an ownership change as defined in the Code.
Each Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax on certain undistributed income if it does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year an amount at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income for either the one-year period ending on October 31 of that year, or, if the Fund makes an election under Section 4982(e)(4) of the Code, the Fund’s fiscal year, subject to an increase for any shortfall in the prior year’s distribution. Each Fund intends to declare and distribute dividends and distributions in the amounts and at the times necessary to avoid the application of the excise tax, but can make no assurances that all such tax liability will be eliminated.
Each Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gain to shareholders for each taxable year. If a Fund meets the Distribution Requirement but retains some or all of its income or gains, it will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. The Fund may elect to designate certain amounts retained as undistributed net capital gain as deemed distributions in a notice to its shareholders, who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount so designated, (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the income tax paid by the Fund on that undistributed amount against their federal income tax liabilities and to claim refunds to the extent such credits exceed their tax liabilities, and (iii) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for federal income tax purposes, in their Shares by an amount equal to the excess of the amount of undistributed net capital gain included in their respective income over their respective income tax credits.
Taxation of Shareholders – Distributions. Each Fund intends to distribute to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the deduction for dividends paid), its net tax-exempt income, if any, and any net capital gain (net long-term capital gains in excess of net short-term capital losses, taking into account any capital loss carryforwards). The distribution of investment company taxable income (as so computed) and net capital gain will be taxable to Fund shareholders regardless of whether the shareholders receive these distributions in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares.
Each Fund (or your broker) will report to shareholders annually the amounts of dividends paid from ordinary income, the amount of distributions of net capital gain, the portion of dividends which may qualify for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders, and the portion of dividends which may qualify for treatment as qualified dividend income, which is taxable to non-corporate shareholders at long-term capital gain rates.
Distributions from a Fund’s net capital gain will be taxable to shareholders at long-term capital gains rates, regardless of how long shareholders have held their Shares. Distributions may be subject to state and local taxes.
Given the investment strategies of the Funds, it is unlikely that any dividends paid by the Funds will be qualified dividends or be eligible for the corporate dividends paid deduction.
Although dividends generally will be treated as distributed when paid, any dividend declared by a Fund in October, November or December and payable to shareholders of record in such a month that is paid during the following January will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as received by shareholders on December 31 of the calendar year in which it was declared.
In addition to the federal income tax, certain individuals, trusts and estates may be subject to a Net Investment Income (“NII”) tax of 3.8%. The NII tax is imposed on the lesser of: (i) a taxpayer’s investment income, net of deductions properly allocable to such income; or (ii) the amount by which such taxpayer’s modified adjusted gross income exceeds certain thresholds ($250,000 for married individuals filing jointly, $200,000 for unmarried individuals and $125,000 for married individuals filing separately). Each Fund’s distributions are includable in a shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this NII tax. In addition, any capital gain realized by a shareholder upon a sale or redemption of Fund shares is includable in such shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this NII tax.
Shareholders who have not held Shares for a full year should be aware that the Funds may report and distribute, as ordinary dividends or capital gain dividends, a percentage of income that is not equal to the percentage of such Fund’s ordinary income or net capital gain, respectively, actually earned during the applicable shareholder’s period of investment in the Fund. A taxable shareholder may wish to avoid investing in a Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because the distribution will generally be taxable to the shareholder even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of the shareholder’s investment.
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If a Fund’s distributions exceed its earnings and profits, all or a portion of the distributions made for a taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in the Fund and result in a higher capital gain or lower capital loss when the Shares on which the distribution was received are sold. After a shareholder’s basis in the Shares has been reduced to zero, distributions in excess of earnings and profits will be treated as gain from the sale of the shareholder’s Shares.
Taxation of Shareholders – Sale of Shares. A sale or redemption of Shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Shares will generally be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss, rather than short-term capital loss, to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the shareholder of long-term capital gain with respect to such Shares (including any amounts credited to the shareholder as undistributed capital gains). All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares may be disallowed if substantially identical Shares are acquired (through the reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly acquired Shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
The cost basis of Shares acquired by purchase will generally be based on the amount paid for Shares and then may be subsequently adjusted for other applicable transactions as required by the Code. The difference between the selling price and the cost basis of Shares generally determines the amount of the capital gain or loss realized on the sale of Shares. Contact the broker through whom you purchased your Shares to obtain information with respect to the available cost basis reporting methods and elections for your account.
An Authorized Participant who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally will recognize a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time and the sum of the exchanger’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered plus the amount of cash paid for such Creation Units. A person who redeems Creation Units will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanger’s basis in the Creation Units and the sum of the aggregate market value of any securities received plus the amount of any cash received for such Creation Units. The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), however, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units cannot currently be deducted under the rules governing “wash sales” (for a person, who does not mark-to-market its portfolio) or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position.
Any capital gain or loss realized upon the creation of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the securities exchanged for such Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Any capital gain or loss realized upon the redemption of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares composing the Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Otherwise, such capital gains or losses will generally be treated as short-term capital gains or losses. Any loss upon a redemption of Creation Units held for six months or less may be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the applicable Authorized Participant of long-term capital gain with respect to the Creation Units (including any amounts credited to the Authorized Participant as undistributed capital gains).
The Trust, on behalf of each Fund, has the right to reject an order for Creation Units if the purchaser (or a group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the Creation Units so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding Shares and if, pursuant to Section 351 of the Code, the Fund would have a basis in the deposit securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. The Trust also has the right to require the provision of information necessary to determine beneficial Share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination. If the Fund does issue Creation Units to a purchaser (or a group of purchasers) that would, upon obtaining the Creation Units so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding Shares, the purchaser (or a group of purchasers) will not recognize gain or loss upon the exchange of securities for Creation Units.
Persons purchasing or redeeming Creation Units should consult their own tax advisers with respect to the tax treatment of any creation or redemption transaction and whether the wash sales rule applies and when a loss may be deductible.
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Taxation of Fund Investments. Certain of each Fund’s investments may be subject to complex provisions of the Code (including provisions relating to hedging transactions, straddles, integrated transactions, foreign currency contracts, forward foreign currency contracts, and notional principal contracts) that, among other things, may affect the Fund’s ability to qualify as a RIC, affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (e.g., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also may require the Funds to mark to market certain types of positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out) which may cause a Fund to recognize income without the Fund receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts sufficient to enable the Fund to satisfy the RIC distribution requirements for avoiding fund-level income and excise taxes. Each Fund intends to monitor its transactions, intends to make appropriate tax elections, and intends to make appropriate entries in its books and records to mitigate the effect of these rules and preserve its qualification for treatment as a RIC. To the extent a Fund invests in an underlying fund that is taxable as a RIC, the rules applicable to the tax treatment of complex securities will also apply to the underlying funds that also invest in such complex securities and investments. In addition, because the tax rules applicable to such instruments may be uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future IRS guidance with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether the Fund has made sufficient distributions and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements to maintain its qualification as a RIC and avoid a Fund-level tax.
Backup Withholding. Each Fund will be required in certain cases to withhold (as “backup withholding”) on amounts payable to any shareholder who (1) fails to provide a correct taxpayer identification number certified under penalty of perjury; (2) is subject to backup withholding by the IRS for failure to properly report all payments of interest or dividends; (3) fails to provide a certified statement that it is not subject to “backup withholding;” or (4) fails to provide a certified statement that it is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). The backup withholding rate is at a rate set under Section 3406 of the Code. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s ultimate U.S. federal income tax liability. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% withholding tax on shareholders who are neither citizens nor permanent residents of the United States.
Non-U.S. Shareholders. Any non-U.S. investors in a Fund may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax and are encouraged to consult their tax advisors prior to investing in the Fund. Foreign shareholders (i.e., nonresident alien individuals and foreign corporations, partnerships, trusts and estates) are generally subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or a lower tax treaty rate) on distributions derived from taxable ordinary income. A Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met. Short-term capital gain dividends received by a nonresident alien individual who is present in the U.S. for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the taxable year are not exempt from this 30% withholding tax. Gains realized by foreign shareholders from the sale or other disposition of Shares generally are not subject to U.S. taxation, unless the recipient is an individual who is physically present in the U.S. for 183 days or more per year (based on a formula that factors in presence in the U.S. during the two preceding years as well). Foreign shareholders who fail to provide an applicable IRS form may be subject to backup withholding on certain payments from the Fund. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that are subject to the 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) withholding tax described in this paragraph. Different tax consequences may result if the foreign shareholder is engaged in a trade or business within the United States. In addition, the tax consequences to a foreign shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of a tax treaty may be different than those described above.
Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), the Funds may be required to withhold a generally nonrefundable 30% tax on distributions of net investment income paid to (a) certain “foreign financial institutions” unless such foreign financial institution agrees to verify, monitor, and report to the IRS the identity of certain of its account holders, among other items (or unless such entity is otherwise deemed compliant under the terms of an intergovernmental agreement between the United States and the foreign financial institution’s country of residence), and (b) certain “non-financial foreign entities” unless such entity certifies to the Fund that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or provides the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner, among other items. This FATCA withholding tax could also affect a Fund’s return on its investments in foreign securities or affect a shareholder’s return if the shareholder holds its Fund shares through a foreign intermediary. You are urged to consult your tax adviser regarding the application of this FATCA withholding tax to your investment in a Fund and the potential certification, compliance, due diligence, reporting, and withholding obligations to which you may become subject in order to avoid this withholding tax.
For foreign shareholders to qualify for an exemption from backup withholding, described above, the foreign shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements. Foreign shareholders in a Fund should consult their tax advisors in this regard.
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Tax-Exempt Shareholders. Certain tax-exempt shareholders, including qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, salary deferral arrangements, 401(k) plans, and other tax-exempt entities, generally are exempt from federal income taxation, except with respect to their unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”). Tax-exempt entities are generally not permitted to offset losses from one unrelated trade or business against the income or gain of another unrelated trade or business. Certain net losses incurred prior to January 1, 2018 are permitted to offset gain and income created by an unrelated trade or business, if otherwise available. Under current law, each Fund generally serves to block UBTI from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders with respect to their shares of Fund income. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, tax-exempt shareholders could realize UBTI by virtue of their investment in the Funds if, for example, (1) such Fund invests in residual interests of Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (“REMICs”), (2) such Fund invests in a REIT that is a taxable mortgage pool (“TMP”) or that has a subsidiary that is a TMP or that invests in the residual interest of a REMIC, or (3) Shares in such Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholders within the meaning of section 514(b) of the Code. Charitable remainder trusts are subject to special rules and should consult their tax advisers. The IRS has issued guidance with respect to these issues and prospective shareholders, especially charitable remainder trusts, are strongly encouraged to consult with their tax advisers regarding these issues.
Certain Potential Tax Reporting Requirements. Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss on disposition of the Shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Significant penalties may be imposed for the failure to comply with the reporting requirements. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Other Issues. In those states which have income tax laws, the tax treatment of the Funds and of shareholders of the Funds with respect to distributions by the Funds may differ from federal tax treatment.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Financial statements and annual reports will be available after the Funds have completed a fiscal year of operations. When available, you may request a copy of each Fund’s annual Certified Shareholder Report at no charge by calling (833) 333-9383 or through the Fund’s website at www. defianceetfs.com.
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TIDAL TRUST II
PART C : OTHER INFORMATION
Item 28. Exhibits
| Exhibit No. | Description of Exhibit | ||
| (a) | (i) | Certificate of Trust of Tidal Trust II (formerly, Tidal ETF Trust II) (the “Trust” or the “Registrant”), previously filed with the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A on April 26, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference. | |
| (ii) | Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Trust, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 on Form N-1A on November 14, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (iii) | Registrant’s Third Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 135 on Form N-1A on November 20, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (iv) | Organizational Documents for Return Stacked® Cayman Subsidiary (for the Return Stacked® Bonds & Managed Futures ETF). | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Futures Trading Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 131 on Form N-1A on October 25, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Tax Undertaking, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (v) | Organizational Documents for Newfound RSST Cayman Subsidiary (for the Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Managed Futures ETF). | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Futures Trading Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Tax Undertaking, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (vi) | Organizational Documents for Newfound RSBY Cayman Subsidiary (for Return Stacked® Bonds & Futures Yield ETF) | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Futures Trading Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Tax Undertaking, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (vii) | Organizational Documents for Cambria-Chesapeake Cayman Subsidiary (for Cambria Chesapeake Pure Trend ETF) | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 213 on Form N-1A on May 21, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Futures Trading Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 213 on Form N-1A on May 21, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
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| (3) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 213 on Form N-1A on May 21, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
| (4) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 213 on Form N-1A on May 21, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Tax Undertaking, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 213 on Form N-1A on May 21, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 216 on Form N-1A on May 22, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (viii) | Organizational Documents for Quantify Chaos Cayman Subsidiary (for STKd 100% Bitcoin & 100% Gold ETF) | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 on Form N-1A on September 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Sub-Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 on Form N-1A on September 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 on Form N-1A on September 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 on Form N-1A on September 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Tax Undertaking, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 on Form N-1A on September 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 on Form N-1A on September 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (ix) | Organizational Documents for Return Stacked RSSX Cayman Subsidiary (for Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Gold/Bitcoin ETF) | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 342 on Form N-1A on April 25, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Futures Trading Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 342 on Form N-1A on April 25, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 342 on Form N-1A on April 25, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 342 on Form N-1A on April 25, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Tax Undertaking, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 342 on Form N-1A on April 25, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 342 on Form N-1A on April 25, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (x) | Organizational Documents for Nicholas Crypto Income Cayman Subsidiary (for Nicholas Crypto Income ETF) | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 363 on Form N-1A on June 10, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Sub-Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 363 on Form N-1A on June 10, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 363 on Form N-1A on June 10, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 363 on Form N-1A on June 10, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Tax Undertaking, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 363 on Form N-1A on June 10, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 363 on Form N-1A on June 10, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (xi) | Organizational Documents for Defiance Enhanced Long Vol Cayman Subsidiary (for Defiance Enhanced Long Vol ETF) | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 391 on Form N-1A on August 4, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 391 on Form N-1A on August 4, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 391 on Form N-1A on August 4, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Tax Undertaking, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 391 on Form N-1A on August 4, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 391 on Form N-1A on August 4, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
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| (xii) | Organizational Documents for Cayman Subsidiary (Defiance Vol Carry Hedged ETF) – to be filed by amendment. |
| (xiii) | Organizational Documents for Quantify Chaos Cayman Subsidiary (for IncomeSTKd 1X US Stocks & 1X Bitcoin Premium ETF) | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 514 on Form N-1A on January 16, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Sub-Advisory Agreement (Quantify), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 514 on Form N-1A on January 16, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Subsidiary Sub-Advisory Agreement (Convexitas), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 514 on Form N-1A on January 16, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 514 on Form N-1A on January 16, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 514 on Form N-1A on January 16, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Tax Undertaking, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 514 on Form N-1A on January 16, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (7) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 514 on Form N-1A on January 16, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (xiv) | Organizational Documents for Quantify Chaos Cayman Subsidiary (for IncomeSTKd 1X Bitcoin & 1X Gold Premium ETF) | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 514 on Form N-1A on January 16, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Sub-Advisory Agreement (Quantify), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 514 on Form N-1A on January 16, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Subsidiary Sub-Advisory Agreement (Convexitas), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 514 on Form N-1A on January 16, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 514 on Form N-1A on January 16, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 514 on Form N-1A on January 16, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Tax Undertaking, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 514 on Form N-1A on January 16, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (7) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 514 on Form N-1A on January 16, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (xv) | Organizational Documents for Quantify Chaos Cayman Subsidiary (for Quantify 2X Daily Alt Season Crypto ETF) | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 505 on Form N-1A on January 2, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Sub-Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 505 on Form N-1A on January 2, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 505 on Form N-1A on January 2, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 505 on Form N-1A on January 2, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Tax Undertaking, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 505 on Form N-1A on January 2, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 505 on Form N-1A on January 2, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (xvi) | Organizational Documents for Nicholas Gold Income Cayman Subsidiary (for Nicholas Gold Income ETF) | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Tax Undertaking, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (xvii) | Organizational Documents for Nicholas Silver Income Cayman Subsidiary (for Nicholas Silver Income ETF) | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
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| (2) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Tax Undertaking, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (xviii) | Organizational Documents for Nicholas Nuclear Income Cayman Subsidiary (for Nicholas Nuclear Income ETF) | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Tax Undertaking, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (xix) | Organizational Documents for Nicholas Defense and Rare Earth Income Cayman Subsidiary (for Nicholas Defense and Rare Earth Income ETF) | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Tax Undertaking, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (xx) | Organizational Documents for Newfound RSSY Cayman Subsidiary (for the Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Futures Yield ETF). | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Futures Trading Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Tax Undertaking, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (b) | Registrant’s Amended and Restated By-Laws, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 513 on Form N-1A on January 13, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (c) | Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders - See relevant portions of Declaration of Trust and By-Laws. | ||
| (d) | (i) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust (on behalf of Carbon Collective Climate Solutions U.S. Equity ETF) and Toroso Investments, LLC, previously filed with the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A/A on July 12, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference. | |
| (a) First Amendment to Investment Advisory Agreement adding Carbon Collective Short Duration Green Bond ETF, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 196 on Form N-1A on April 2, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |||
| (ii) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust (on behalf of YieldMax® AAPL Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® AMZN Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® BRK.B Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® COIN Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® META Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® GOOG Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® NFLX Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® NVDA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® XYZ Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® TSLA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® ARKK Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® KWEB Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® GDX Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® XBI Option Income Strategy ETF, and YieldMax® TLT Option Income Strategy ETF) and Tidal Investments LLC (f/k/a Toroso Investments, LLC (Toroso)), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 on Form N-1A on November 21, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (i) First Amendment to Investment Advisory Agreement to add the following series: YieldMax® ABNB Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® AMD Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® MRNA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® PYPL Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® DIS Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® JPM Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® MSFT Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® XOM Option Income Strategy ETF, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 on Form N-1A on August 14, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (xiii) Thirteenth Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement to add the following series: YieldMax® Bitcoin Performance & Distribution Target 25™ ETF –– previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 443 on Form N-1A on October 10, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (xiv) Fourteenth Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement to add the following series: YieldMax® AFRM Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® APP Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® ARM Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® AVGO Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® CRWD Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® GME Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® HIMS Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® IONQ Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® LLY Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® RDDT Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® SPOT Option Income Strategy ETF and YieldMax® UBER Option Income Strategy ETF, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 413 on Form N-1A on August 26, 2025, is hereby incorporated by reference. | ||
| (xv) Fifteenth Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement to add the following series: YieldMax® CRCL Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® CRWV Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® GLXY Option Income Strategy ETF and YieldMax® U.S Stocks Target Double Distribution ETF, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 408 on Form N-1A on August 25, 2025, is hereby incorporated by reference. | ||
| (xvi) Sixteenth Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement to add the following series: YieldMax® Hundred Club ETFs, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 495 on Form N-1A on December 19, 2025, is hereby incorporated by reference. | ||
| (xvii) Seventeenth Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement to add the following series: YieldMax® Top Ten ETFs – to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (xviii) Eighteenth Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement to add the following series: YieldMax® WarTech & Cyber Defense Portfolio Option Income ETF, YieldMax® Strategic Metals & Mining Portfolio Option Income ETF, YieldMax® Digital Finance Ecosystem Portfolio Option Income ETF and YieldMax® RoboTech & Automation Portfolio Option Income ETF – to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (iii) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust (on behalf of Senior Secured Credit Opportunities ETF) and Toroso Investments, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 on Form N-1A on October 13, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (iv) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust (on behalf of Nicholas Fixed Income Alternative ETF) and Toroso Investments, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 on Form N-1A on November 22, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (i) First Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement adding Nicholas Global Equity and Income ETF, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 on Form N-1A on July 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (ii) Second Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement adding Nicholas Crypto Income ETF, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 363 on Form N-1A on June 10, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (iii) Third Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement adding Nicholas Gold Income ETF, Nicholas Silver Income ETF, Nicholas Nuclear Income ETF and Nicholas Defense and Rare Earth Income ETF, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (iv) Fourth Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement adding Nicholas Bitcoin and Treasuries AfterDark ETF and Nicholas Bitcoin Tail ETF – to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (v) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust (on behalf of the Pinnacle Focused Opportunities ETF) and Toroso Investments, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 on Form N-1A on December 28, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (vi) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust (on behalf of the Tactical Advantage ETF) and Toroso Investments, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 on Form N-1A on April 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (vii) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust (on behalf of the Veridien Climate Action ETF) and Toroso Investments, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 on Form N-1A on April 11, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (viii) | Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust (on behalf of the Return Stacked® Bonds & Managed Futures ETF and Return Stacked® Global Stocks & Bonds ETF) and Toroso Investments, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (i) First amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement adding Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Managed Futures ETF, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (ii) Second Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement adding Return Stacked® Bonds & Futures Yield ETF and Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Futures Yield ETF, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (iii) Third Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement adding Return Stacked® Bonds & Merger Arbitrage ETF, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 291 on Form N-1A on December 16, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (xix) Nineteenth Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement to add the following series: Defiance Daily Target 2X Long AMTM ETF - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (xx) Twentieth Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement to add the following series: Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ABTC ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long GCT ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long LUMN ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long MDLN ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long PINS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ROKU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long SATS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long SNDL ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long TLRY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long WBD ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long XOVR ETF - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (xxi) Twenty-First Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement to add the following series: Defiance Space Data Center Leaders ETF and Defiance Pure Space Daily 2X Strategy ETF- to be filed by amendment. | ||
|
(xxii) Twenty-Second Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement to add the following series: Defiance Daily Target 2X Long Discord ETF- to be filed by amendment. (xxiii) Twenty-Third Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement to add the following series: Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ASTS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BKSY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long COHR ETF , Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ENVX ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long FRSH ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long GSAT ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long JD ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long LEU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long OUST ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RDW ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RVMD ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long STX ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long VSAT ETF - to be filed by amendment. |
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| (xxvi) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Toroso Investments, LLC and Nicholas Wealth, LLC (for the Nicholas Fixed Income Alternative ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 on Form N-1A on November 22, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (i) First Amendment to the Sub-Advisory Agreement adding: Nicholas Global Equity and Income ETF – previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 on Form N-1A on July 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (xxxviii) | Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Tidal Investments LLC and Hilton Capital Management, LLC (on behalf of Hilton Small-MidCap Opportunity ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 135 on Form N-1A on November 20, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (i) First Amendment to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement Adding: Hilton BDC Corporate Bond ETF, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 356 on Form N-1A on June 2, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (31) Thirty-Second Amendment to the Distribution Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long AMTM ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (32) Thirty-Third Amendment to the Distribution Agreement (adding Portfolio Building Block 1X Inverse US Large Cap Daily Target ETF and Portfolio Building Block 1X Inverse US Growth and Innovation Daily Target ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (33) Thirty-Forth Amendment to the Distribution Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ABTC ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long GCT ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long LUMN ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long MDLN ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long PINS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ROKU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long SATS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long SNDL ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long TLRY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long WBD ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long XOVR ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (34) Thirty-Fifth Amendment to the Distribution Agreement (adding Defiance Space Data Center Leaders ETF and Defiance Pure Space Daily 2X Strategy ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
|
(35) Thirty-Sixth Amendment to the Distribution Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long Discord ETF) - to be filed by amendment. (36) Thirty-Seventh Amendment to the Distribution Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ASTS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BKSY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long COHR ETF , Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ENVX ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long FRSH ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long GSAT ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long JD ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long LEU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long OUST ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RDW ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RVMD ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long STX ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long VSAT ETF) - to be filed by amendment | ||
| (ii) | Distribution Agreement between the Trust and ALPS Distributors, Inc. (on behalf of Cambria Chesapeake Pure Trend ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 338 on Form N-1A on April 4, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (iii) | Form of Authorized Participant Agreement, previously filed with the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A/A on July 12, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference. | |
| (iv) | Distribution Services Agreement between Toroso Investments, LLC and Foreside Fund Services, LLC, previously filed with the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A/A on July 12, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference. | |
| (f) | Not applicable. | |
| (g) | (i) | Custodian Agreement between the Trust and U.S. Bank National Association, previously filed with the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A/A on July 12, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference. |
| (1) First Amendment to the Custodian Agreement (adding YieldMax® AAPL Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® AMZN Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® BRK.B Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® COIN Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® META Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® GOOG Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® NFLX Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® NVDA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® XYZ Option Income Strategy ETF, and YieldMax® TSLA Option Income ETF, YieldMax® ARKK Option Income ETF, YieldMax® KWEB Option Income ETF, YieldMax® GDX Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® XBI Option Income Strategy ETF, and YieldMax® TLT Option Income Strategy ETF, and Senior Secured Credit Opportunities ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 on Form N-1A on October 13, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) Third Amendment to the Custodian Agreement (adding Nicholas Fixed Income Alternative ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 318 on Form N-1A on February 24, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) Fourth Amendment to the Custodian Agreement (adding Pinnacle Focused Opportunities ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 on Form N-1A on December 28, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) Fifth Amendment to the Custodian Agreement (adding Return Stacked® Bonds & Managed Futures ETF and Return Stacked® Global Stocks & Bonds ETF) previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) Sixth Amendment to the Custodian Agreement (adding DGA Absolute Return ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 on Form N-1A on April 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) Seventh Amendment to the Custodian Agreement (adding Tactical Advantage ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 on Form N-1A on April 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (7) Eighth Amendment to the Custodian Agreement (adding Roundhill Generative AI & Technology ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 83 on Form N-1A on May 2, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (8) Ninth Amendment to the Custodian Agreement (adding Blueprint Chesapeake Multi-Asset Trend ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 on Form N-1A on June 27, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (9) Tenth Amendment to the Custodian Agreement (adding Cboe Validus S&P 500 Dynamic PutWrite Index ETF, Grizzle Growth ETF, YieldMax® MSTR Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® ABNB Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® AMD Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® MRNA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® PYPL Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® DIS Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® JPM Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® MSFT Option Income Strategy ETF, and YieldMax® XOM Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 107 on Form N-1A on July 25, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (33) Thirty-Fourth Amendment to the Custodian Agreement (adding, Defiance Bitcoin LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Ethereum LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Gold LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Gold Miners LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Silver LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Solana LightningSpread™ Income ETF, and Defiance XRP LightningSpread™ Income ETF) - filed herewith. | ||
| (34) Thirty-Fifth Amendment to the Custodian Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long AMTM ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (35) Thirty-Sixth Amendment to the Custodian Agreement (adding Portfolio Building Block 1X Inverse US Large Cap Daily Target ETF and Portfolio Building Block 1X Inverse US Growth and Innovation Daily Target ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (36) Thirty-Seventh Amendment to the Custodian Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ABTC ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long GCT ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long LUMN ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long MDLN ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long PINS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ROKU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long SATS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long SNDL ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long TLRY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long WBD ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long XOVR ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (37) Thirty-Eighth Amendment to the Custodian Agreement (adding Defiance Space Data Center Leaders ETF and Defiance Pure Space Daily 2X Strategy ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (38) Thirty-Ninth Amendment to the Custodian Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long Discord ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (39) Fortieth Amendment to the Custodian Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ASTS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BKSY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long COHR ETF , Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ENVX ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long FRSH ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long GSAT ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long JD ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long LEU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long OUST ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RDW ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RVMD ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long STX ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long VSAT ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (ii) | Semi-Transparent ETF Custody Agreement between Tidal Trust II and U.S. Bank National Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 on Form N-1A on April 11, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (h) | (i) | Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Trust and Tidal ETF Services LLC, previously filed with the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A/A on July 12, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference. |
| (1) First Amendment to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement (adding YieldMax® AAPL Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® AMZN Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® BRK.B Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® COIN Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® META Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® GOOG Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® NFLX Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® NVDA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® XYZ Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® TSLA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® ARKK Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® KWEB Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® GDX Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® XBI Option Income Strategy ETF, and YieldMax® TLT Option Income Strategy ETF and Senior Secured Credit Opportunities ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 on Form N-1A on October 13, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) Third Amendment to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Nicholas Fixed Income Alternative ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 on Form N-1A on November 22, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) Fourth Amendment to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Pinnacle Focused Opportunities ETF and Veridien Climate Action ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 on Form N-1A on December 28, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) Fifth Amendment to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Return Stacked® Bonds & Managed Futures ETF and Return Stacked® Global Stocks & Bonds ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) Sixth Amendment to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement (adding DGA Absolute Return ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 on Form N-1A on April 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) Seventh Amendment to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Tactical Advantage ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 on Form N-1A on April 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (7) Eighth Amendment to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Roundhill Generative AI & Technology ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 83 on Form N-1A on May 2, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (8) Ninth Amendment to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Blueprint Chesapeake Multi-Asset Trend ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 on Form N-1A on June 27, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (37) Thirty-Seventh Amendment to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ASTS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BKSY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long COHR ETF , Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ENVX ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long FRSH ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long GSAT ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long JD ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long LEU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long OUST ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RDW ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RVMD ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long STX ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long VSAT ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (ii) | Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement between Tidal ETF Services LLC on behalf of the Trust and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed with the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A/A on July 12, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference. |
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| (35) Thirty-Sixth Amendment to the Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Portfolio Building Block 1X Inverse US Large Cap Daily Target ETF and Portfolio Building Block 1X Inverse US Growth and Innovation Daily Target ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (36) Thirty-Seventh Amendment to the Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ABTC ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long GCT ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long LUMN ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long MDLN ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long PINS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ROKU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long SATS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long SNDL ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long TLRY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long WBD ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long XOVR ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (37) Thirty-Eighth Amendment to the Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Defiance Space Data Center Leaders ETF and Defiance Pure Space Daily 2X Strategy ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (38) Thirty-Ninth Amendment to the Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long Discord ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (39) Fortieth Amendment to the Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ASTS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BKSY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long COHR ETF , Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ENVX ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long FRSH ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long GSAT ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long JD ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long LEU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long OUST ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RDW ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RVMD ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long STX ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long VSAT ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (iii) | Semi-Transparent ETF Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 on Form N-1A on April 11, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (iv) | Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Trust and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed with the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A/A on July 12, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference. | |
| (1) First Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding YieldMax® AAPL Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® AMZN Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® BRK.B Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® COIN Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® META Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® GOOG Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® NFLX Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® NVDA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® XYZ Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® TSLA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® ARKK Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® KWEB Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® GDX Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® XBI Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® TLT Option Income Strategy ETF, and Senior Secured Credit Opportunities ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 on Form N-1A on October 13, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) Third Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Nicholas Fixed Income Alternative ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 318 on Form N-1A on February 24, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) Fourth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Pinnacle Focused Opportunities ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 on Form N-1A on December 28, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) Fifth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Return Stacked® Bonds & Managed Futures ETF and Return Stacked® Global Stocks & Bonds ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) Sixth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding DGA Absolute Return ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 on Form N-1A on April 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) Seventh Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Tactical Advantage ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 on Form N-1A on April 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (7) Eighth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Roundhill Generative AI & Technology ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 83 on Form N-1A on May 2, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (8) Ninth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Blueprint Chesapeake Multi-Asset Trend ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 on Form N-1A on June 27, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (9) Tenth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Cboe Validus S&P 500 Dynamic PutWrite Index ETF, Grizzle Growth ETF, YieldMax® MSTR Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® ABNB Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® AMD Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® MRNA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® PYPL Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® DIS Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® JPM Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® MSFT Option Income Strategy ETF, and YieldMax® XOM Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 107 on Form N-1A on July 25, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (35) Thirty-Sixth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Portfolio Building Block 1X Inverse US Large Cap Daily Target ETF and Portfolio Building Block 1X Inverse US Growth and Innovation Daily Target ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (36) Thirty-Seventh Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ABTC ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long GCT ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long LUMN ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long MDLN ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long PINS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ROKU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long SATS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long SNDL ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long TLRY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long WBD ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long XOVR ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (37) Thirty-Eighth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Defiance Space Data Center Leaders ETF and Defiance Pure Space Daily 2X Strategy ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (38) Thirty-Ninth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long Discord ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (39) Fortieth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ASTS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BKSY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long COHR ETF , Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ENVX ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long FRSH ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long GSAT ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long JD ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long LEU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long OUST ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RDW ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RVMD ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long STX ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long VSAT ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (v) | Semi-Transparent ETF Trust Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 on Form N-1A on April 11, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (vi) | Transfer Agent Agreement between the Trust and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed with the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A/A on July 12, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference. | |
| (1) First Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding YieldMax® AAPL Option Income ETF, YieldMax® AMZN Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® BRK.B Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® COIN Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® META Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® GOOG Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® NFLX Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® NVDA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® XYZ Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® TSLA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® ARKK Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® KWEB Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® GDX Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® XBI Option Income Strategy ETF, and YieldMax® TLT Option Income Strategy ETF, and Senior Secured Credit Opportunities ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 on Form N-1A on October 13, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) Third Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Nicholas Fixed Income Alternative ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 318 on Form N-1A on February 24, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) Fourth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Pinnacle Focused Opportunities ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 on Form N-1A on December 28, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) Fifth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Return Stacked® Bonds & Managed Futures ETF and Return Stacked® Global Stocks & Bonds ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) Sixth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding DGA Absolute Return ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 on Form N-1A on April 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) Seventh Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Tactical Advantage ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 on Form N-1A on April 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (7) Eighth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Roundhill Generative AI & Technology ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 83 on Form N-1A on May 2, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (8) Ninth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Blueprint Chesapeake Multi-Asset Trend ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 on Form N-1A on June 27, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (9) Tenth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Cboe Validus S&P 500 Dynamic PutWrite Index ETF, Grizzle Growth ETF, YieldMax® MSTR Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® ABNB Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® AMD Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® MRNA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® PYPL Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® DIS Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® JPM Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® MSFT Option Income Strategy ETF, and YieldMax® XOM Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 107 on Form N-1A on July 25, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (10) Eleventh Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Defiance Nasdaq 100 Weekly Distribution ETF, Defiance S&P 500 Weekly Distribution ETF and Defiance R2000 Weekly Distribution ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 117 on Form N-1A on August 25, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (33) Thirty-Fourth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Defiance Bitcoin LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Ethereum LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Gold LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Gold Miners LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Silver LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Solana LightningSpread™ Income ETF, and Defiance XRP LightningSpread™ Income ETF) - filed herewith. | ||
| (34) Thirty-Fifth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long AMTM ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (35) Thirty-Sixth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Portfolio Building Block 1X Inverse US Large Cap Daily Target ETF and Portfolio Building Block 1X Inverse US Growth and Innovation Daily Target ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (36) Thirty-Seventh Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ABTC ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long GCT ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long LUMN ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long MDLN ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long PINS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ROKU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long SATS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long SNDL ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long TLRY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long WBD ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long XOVR ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (37) Thirty-Eighth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Defiance Space Data Center Leaders ETF and Defiance Pure Space Daily 2X Strategy ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (38) Thirty-Ninth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long Discord ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (39) Fortieth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ASTS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BKSY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long COHR ETF , Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ENVX ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long FRSH ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long GSAT ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long JD ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long LEU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long OUST ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RDW ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RVMD ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long STX ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long VSAT ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (vii) | Semi-Transparent ETF Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 on Form N-1A on April 11, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (viii) | Powers of Attorney, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 513 on Form N-1A on January 13, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (ix) | Futures Trading Advisory Agreement between Toroso Investments, LLC and ReSolve Asset Management SEZC (Cayman) (for the Return Stacked® Bonds & Managed Futures ETF and Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Managed Futures ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 131 on Form N-1A on October 25, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (i) First Amendment to the Futures Trading Advisory Agreement between Tidal Investment LLC and ReSolve Asset Management SEZC (Cayman) (for the Return Stacked® Bonds & Futures Yield ETF and Return Stacked® U.S. Equity & Futures Yield ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (ii) Second Amendment to the Futures Trading Advisory Agreement between Tidal Investments LLC and ReSolve Asset Management SEZC (Cayman) (for the Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Gold/Bitcoin ETF) – previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 342 on Form N-1A on April 25, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference | ||
| (x) | Futures Trading Advisory Agreement between Toroso Investments, LLC and Chesapeake Capital Corporation (for the Blueprint Chesapeake Multi-Asset Trend ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 103 on Form N-1A on June 30, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (xxxv) | Fee Waiver Agreement between the Trust (on behalf of Quantify 2X Daily Alt Season Crypto ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 505 on Form N-1A on January 2, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxxvi) | Fee Waiver Agreement between the Trust (on behalf of IncomeSTKd 1x US Stocks & 1x Bitcoin Premium ETF, IncomeSTKd 1x Bitcoin & 1x Gold Premium ETF and IncomeQ Bitcoin & Bitcoin Treasury mNAV Harvester ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 514 on Form N-1A on January 16, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxxvii) | Fee Waiver Agreement between the Trust (on behalf of Clockwise U.S. Core Equity ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 501 on Form N-1A on December 23, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxxviii) | Fee Waiver Agreement between the Trust (on behalf of YieldMax® Hundred Club ETFs), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 516 on Form N-1A on January 22, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (i) | (i) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Carbon Collective Climate Solutions U.S. Equity ETF), previously filed with the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A/A on July 12, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference. |
| (ii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the YieldMax® AAPL Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® AMZN Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® BRK.B Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® COIN Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® META Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® GOOG Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® NFLX Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® NVDA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® XYZ Option Income Strategy ETF, and YieldMax® TSLA Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 on Form N-1A on November 21, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (iii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the YieldMax® ARKK Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® KWEB Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® GDX Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® XBI Option Income Strategy ETF, and YieldMax® TLT Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 on Form N-1A on November 21, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (iv) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Senior Secured Credit Opportunities ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 on Form N-1A on October 13, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (v) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Nicholas Fixed Income Alternative ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 on Form N-1A on November 22, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (vi) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Pinnacle Focused Opportunities ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 on Form N-1A on December 28, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (vii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Tactical Advantage ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 on Form N-1A on April 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (viii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Return Stacked® Bonds & Managed Futures ETF and Return Stacked® Global Stocks & Bonds ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (ix) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the DGA Absolute Return ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 79 on April 14, 2023. | |
| (x) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Veridien Climate Action ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 on Form N-1A on April 11, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xi) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Roundhill Generative AI & Technology ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 88 on Form N-1A on May 12, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Blueprint Chesapeake Multi-Asset Trend ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 on Form N-1A on June 27, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xiii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Cboe Validus S&P 500 Dynamic PutWrite Index ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 107 on Form N-1A on July 25, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xiv) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Grizzle Growth ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 on Form N-1A on August 7, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (xix) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Managed Futures ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xx) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the YieldMax® ADBE Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® AI Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® BA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® BIIB Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® INTC Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® NKE Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® ORCL Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® ROKU Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® SNOW Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® TGT Option Income Strategy ETF and YieldMax® ZM Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 130 on Form N-1A on October 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxi) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Hilton Small-MidCap Opportunity ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 135 on Form N-1A on November 20, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Quantify Absolute Income ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 197 on Form N-1A on April 5, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxiii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the YieldMax® Universe Fund of Option Income ETFs and YieldMax® Magnificent 7 Fund of Option Income ETFs), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 153 on Form N-1A on January 8, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxiv) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Defiance Treasury Alternative Yield ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 155 on Form N-1A on January 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxv) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the iREIT - MarketVector Quality REIT Index ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 181 on Form N-1A on February 29, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxvi) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Defiance Developed Markets Enhanced Options Income ETF and Defiance Emerging Markets Enhanced Options Income ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 165 on Form N-1A on February 1, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxvii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for YieldMax® Ultra Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 171 on Form N-1A on February 16, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxviii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for YieldMax® MSTR Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 on Form N-1A on February 20, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxix) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Carbon Collective Short Duration Green Bond ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 196 on Form N-1A on April 2, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxx) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Defiance Nasdaq 100 Target Income ETF, Defiance S&P 500 Target Income ETF and Defiance R2000 Target Income ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 177 on Form N-1A on February 28, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxxi) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the YieldMax® TSLA Short Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® Innovation Short Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® NVDA Short Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax® COIN Short Option Income Strategy ETF and YieldMax® AAPL Short Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 182 on Form N-1A on March 4, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxxii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the YieldMax® N100 Short Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 183 on Form N-1A on March 5, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxxiii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Even Herd Long Short ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 194 on Form N-1A on March 26, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxxiv) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Peerless Option Wheel ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 211 on Form N-1A on May 10, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxxv) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the YieldMax® Bitcoin Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 203 on Form N-1A on April 17, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (xcviii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BE ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BIIB ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BTQ ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ETHM ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long JBLU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long NOK ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long OXY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RMBS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long VRTX ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long WING ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ZIM ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 506 on Form N-1A on January 2, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xcix) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Defiance Long Pure Quantum ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 507 on Form N-1A on January 5, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (c) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Defiance Daily Target 2X Long WLTH ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 509 on Form N-1A on January 6, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (ci) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Defiance 2X Daily Short Pure Quantum Computing Index ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | |
| (cii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Defiance Daily Target 2X Long CLF ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long PLUG ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long UUUU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long CCJ ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long DNN ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long HL ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long NDAQ ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long PAAS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long PATH ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long POET ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long COMM ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long AMKR ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 517 on Form N-1A on January 26, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (ciii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Defiance 2X Daily Long Pure Drone and Aerial Automation ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 518 on Form N-1A on January 26, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (civ) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Defiance Daily Target 2X Short RKT ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 520 on Form N-1A on January 30, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (cv) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Nicholas Gold Income ETF, Nicholas Silver Income ETF, Nicholas Nuclear Income ETF and Nicholas Defense and Rare Earth Income ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 522 on Form N-1A on February 4, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (cvi) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Chesapeake Trend-Following Fixed Income ETF) , previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 525 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2026, and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (cvii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Defiance AdvMicrDev LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance AAPL LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Blkstne LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance CRCL LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance COIN LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance FcBk LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance MSTR LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance NVDA LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance ORCL LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance PLTR LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance TSLA LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Bitcoin LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Ethereum LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Gold LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Gold Miners LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Silver LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Solana LightningSpread™ Income ETF, and Defiance XRP LightningSpread™ Income ETF) - filed herewith | |
| (cviii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for YieldMax® Top Ten ETFs) - to be filed by amendment. | |
| (cix) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Nicholas Bitcoin and Treasuries AfterDark ETF and Nicholas Bitcoin Tail ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | |
| (cx) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for YieldMax® WarTech & Cyber Defense Portfolio Option Income ETF, YieldMax® Strategic Metals & Mining Portfolio Option Income ETF, YieldMax® Digital Finance Ecosystem Portfolio Option Income ETF and YieldMax® RoboTech & Automation Portfolio Option Income ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | |
| (cxi) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Defiance Daily Target 2X Long AMTM ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | |
| (cxii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Portfolio Building Block 1X Inverse US Large Cap Daily Target ETF and Portfolio Building Block 1X Inverse US Growth and Innovation Daily Target ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | |
| (cxiii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ABTC ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long GCT ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long LUMN ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long MDLN ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long PINS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ROKU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long SATS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long SNDL ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long TLRY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long WBD ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long XOVR ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | |
| (cxiv) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Defiance Space Data Center Leaders ETF and Defiance Pure Space Daily 2X Strategy ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | |
| (cxv) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Defiance Daily Target 2X Long Discord ETF) - to be filed by amendment. | |
| (cxvi) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ASTS ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long BKSY ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long COHR ETF , Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ENVX ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long FRSH ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long GSAT ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long JD ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long LEU ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long OUST ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RDW ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RVMD ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long STX ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long VSAT ETF) - to be filed by amendment. |
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| (j) | Not applicable. | |
| (k) | Not applicable. | |
| (l) | (i) | Subscription Agreement, previously filed with the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A/A on July 12, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference. |
| (ii) | Letter of Representations between the Trust and Depository Trust Company - to be filed by amendment. | |
| (m) | Amended and Restated Rule 12b-1 Plan, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 517 on Form N-1A on January 26, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (n) | Not applicable. | |
| (o) | Reserved. | |
| (p) | (i) | Code of Ethics for Tidal Trust II, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 487 on Form N-1A on December 3, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
| (ii) | Code of Ethics for Tidal Investments LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 474 on Form N-1A on November 21, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
| (iii) | Code of Ethics Carbon Collective Investing, LLC, previously filed with the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A/A on July 12, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference. | |
| (iv) | Code of Ethics for Distributor not applicable per Rule 17j-1(c)(3). | |
| (v) | Code of Ethics for Nicholas Wealth Management, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 487 on Form N-1A on December 3, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference | |
| (vi) | Code of Ethics for Pinnacle Family Advisors, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 on Form N-1A on December 28, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (vii) | Code of Ethics for Veridien Global Investors LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 on Form N-1A on April 11, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (viii) | Code of Ethics for Family Dynasty Advisors LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 on Form N-1A on April 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (ix) | Code of Ethics for Newfound Research LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 487 on Form N-1A on December 3, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference | |
| (x) | Code of Ethics for ReSolve Asset Management SEZC (Cayman), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xi) | Code of Ethics for Roundhill Financial Inc., previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 251 on Form N-1A on August 27, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xii) | Code of Ethics for Montrose Estate Capital Management, LLC d/b/a Days Global Advisors, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 249 on Form N-1A on August 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xiii) | Code of Ethics for Chesapeake Capital Corporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 135 on Form N-1A on November 20, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xiv) | Code of Ethics for Blueprint Fund Management, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 on Form N-1A on June 27, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xv) | Code of Ethics for Grizzle Investment Management LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 on Form N-1A on August 7, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xvi) | Code of Ethics for Cambria Investment Management, L.P., previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 124 on Form N-1A on September 20, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xvii) | Code of Ethics for Hilton Capital Management, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 135 on Form N-1A on November 20, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xviii) | Code of Ethics for MSA Power Funds LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 463 on Form N-1A on November 10, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xix) | Code of Ethics for Quantify Chaos Advisors, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 197 on Form N-1A on April 5, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xx) | Code of Ethics for Artesian Capital Management (Delaware) LP, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 196 on Form N-1A on April 2, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxi) | Code of Ethics for Even Herd, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 487 on Form N-1A on December 3, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference | |
| (xxii) | Code of Ethics for Peerless Wealth LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 211 on Form N-1A on May 10, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxiii) | Code of Ethics for Clockwise Capital LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 224 on Form N-1A on June 11, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxiv) | Code of Ethics for Convexitas, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 514 on Form N-1A on January 16, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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Item 29. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with Registrant
No person is directly or indirectly controlled by or under common control with the Registrant.
Item 30. Indemnification
Reference is made to Article VII of the Registrant’s Third Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust. The general effect of this provision is to indemnify the Trustees, officers, employees and other agents of the Trust who are parties pursuant to any proceeding by reason of their actions performed in their scope of service on behalf of the Trust.
Pursuant to Rule 484 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), the Registrant furnishes the following undertaking: Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser
This Item incorporates by reference each investment advisers Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration (Form ADV) on file with the SEC, as listed below. Each Form ADV may be obtained, free of charge, at the SECs website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Additional information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by each officer and director of the below-listed investment advisers is included in the Trusts Statement of Additional Information.
| Investment Adviser | SEC File No. | |
| Tidal Investments LLC (f/k/a Toroso Investments, LLC) | 801-76857 | |
| Carbon Collective Investing, LLC | 801-119296 | |
| Platos Philosophy LLC | 801-126714 | |
| Nicholas Wealth, LLC | 801-122063 | |
| Pinnacle Family Advisors, LLC | 801-78013 | |
| Newfound Research LLC | 801-73042 | |
| Montrose Estate Capital Management, LLC | 801-127176 | |
| Family Dynasty Advisors LLC | 801-127497 | |
| Roundhill Financial Inc. | 801-114971 | |
| Veridien Global Investors, LLC | 801-127602 | |
| Chesapeake Capital Corporation | 801-106985 | |
| Blueprint Fund Management, LLC | 801-117790 | |
| Grizzle Investment Management LLC | 801-122682 | |
| Cambria Investment Management, L.P. | 801-71786 | |
| MSA Power Funds LLC | 801-128292 | |
| Hilton Capital Management, LLC | 801-60776 | |
| Quantify Chaos Advisors, LLC (dba Quantify Funds) | 801-129075 | |
| Artesian Capital Management (Delaware) LP | 801-129697 | |
| Even Herd, LLC | 801-129721 | |
| Peerless Wealth LLC | 801-129909 | |
| Clockwise Capital LLC | 801-123024 | |
| Convexitas, LLC | 801-132451 |
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Item 32.
| (i)(a) | Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Distributor”) serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended: |
| 1. | AB Active ETFs, Inc. |
| 2. | ABS Long/Short Strategies Fund |
| 3. | ActivePassive Core Bond ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 4. | ActivePassive Intermediate Municipal Bond ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 5. | ActivePassive International Equity ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 6. | ActivePassive U.S. Equity ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 7. | AdvisorShares Trust |
| 8. | AFA Private Credit Fund |
| 9. | AGF Investments Trust |
| 10. | AIM ETF Products Trust |
| 11. | Alexis Practical Tactical ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 12. | AlphaCentric Prime Meridian Income Fund |
| 13. | American Century ETF Trust |
| 14. | AMG ETF Trust |
| 15. | Amplify ETF Trust |
| 16. | Applied Finance Dividend Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 17. | Applied Finance Explorer Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 18. | Applied Finance Select Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 19. | Ardian Access LLC |
| 20. | ARK ETF Trust |
| 21. | ARK Venture Fund |
| 22. | Bitwise Funds Trust |
| 23. | BondBloxx ETF Trust |
| 24. | Bramshill Multi-Strategy Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
| 25. | Bridgeway Funds, Inc. |
| 26. | Brinker Capital Destinations Trust |
| 27. | Brookfield Real Assets Income Fund Inc. |
| 28. | Build Funds Trust |
| 29. | Calamos Convertible and High Income Fund |
| 30. | Calamos Convertible Opportunities and Income Fund |
| 31. | Calamos Dynamic Convertible and Income Fund |
| 32. | Calamos Global Dynamic Income Fund |
| 33. | Calamos Global Total Return Fund |
| 34. | Calamos Strategic Total Return Fund |
| 35. | Carlyle Tactical Private Credit Fund |
| 36. | Cascade Private Capital Fund |
| 37. | Catalyst/Perini Strategic Income Fund |
| 38. | CBRE Global Real Estate Income Fund |
| 39. | Center Coast Brookfield MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund |
| 40. | Clifford Capital Partners Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 41. | Cliffwater Corporate Lending Fund |
| 42. | Cliffwater Enhanced Lending Fund |
| 43. | Coatue Innovative Strategies Fund |
| 44. | Cohen & Steers ETF Trust |
| 45. | Convergence Long/Short Equity ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 46. | CornerCap Small-Cap Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series |
| 47. | CrossingBridge Pre-Merger SPAC ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 48. | Curasset Capital Management Core Bond Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 49. | Curasset Capital Management Limited Term Income Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 50. | CYBER HORNET S&P 500® and Bitcoin 75/25 Strategy ETF, Series of CYBER HORNET Trust |
C-52
| 51. | Davis Fundamental ETF Trust |
| 52. | Defiance BMNR Option Income ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions |
| 53. | Defiance Connective Technologies ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions |
| 54. | Defiance Drone and Modern Warfare ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions |
| 55. | Defiance Quantum ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions |
| 56. | Denali Structured Return Strategy Fund |
| 57. | Dodge & Cox Funds |
| 58. | DoubleLine ETF Trust |
| 59. | DoubleLine Income Solutions Fund |
| 60. | DoubleLine Opportunistic Credit Fund |
| 61. | DoubleLine Yield Opportunities Fund |
| 62. | DriveWealth ETF Trust |
| 63. | EIP Investment Trust |
| 64. | Ellington Income Opportunities Fund |
| 65. | ETF Opportunities Trust |
| 66. | Exchange Listed Funds Trust |
| 67. | Exchange Place Advisors Trust |
| 68. | FIS Trust |
| 69. | FlexShares Trust |
| 70. | Fortuna Hedged Bitcoin Fund, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 71. | Forum Funds |
| 72. | Forum Funds II |
| 73. | Forum Real Estate Income Fund |
| 74. | Fundrise Growth Tech Fund, LLC |
| 75. | GMO ETF Trust |
| 76. | GoldenTree Opportunistic Credit Fund |
| 77. | Gramercy Emerging Markets Debt Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
| 78. | Grayscale Funds Trust |
| 79. | Guinness Atkinson Funds |
| 80. | Harbor ETF Trust |
| 81. | Harris Oakmark ETF Trust |
| 82. | Hawaiian Tax-Free Trust |
| 83. | Horizon Kinetics Blockchain Development ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 84. | Horizon Kinetics Energy and Remediation ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 85. | Horizon Kinetics Inflation Beneficiaries ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 86. | Horizon Kinetics Japan Owner Operator ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 87. | Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 88. | Horizon Kinetics SPAC Active ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 89. | Innovator ETFs Trust |
| 90. | Ironwood Institutional Multi-Strategy Fund LLC |
| 91. | Ironwood Multi-Strategy Fund LLC |
| 92. | Jensen Quality Growth ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 93. | John Hancock Exchange-Traded Fund Trust |
| 94. | Kurv ETF Trust |
| 95. | Lazard Active ETF Trust |
| 96. | LDR Real Estate Value-Opportunity Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 97. | Mairs & Power Balanced Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 98. | Mairs & Power Growth Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 99. | Mairs & Power Minnesota Municipal Bond ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 100. | Mairs & Power Small Cap Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
C-53
| 101. | Manor Investment Funds |
| 102. | MoA Funds Corporation |
| 103. | Moerus Worldwide Value Fund, Series of Northern Lights Fund Trust IV |
| 104. | Morgan Stanley ETF Trust |
| 105. | Morgan Stanley Pathway Large Cap Equity ETF, Series of Morgan Stanley Pathway Funds |
| 106. | Morgan Stanley Pathway Small-Mid Cap Equity ETF, Series of Morgan Stanley Pathway Funds |
| 107. | Morningstar Funds Trust |
| 108. | NEOS ETF Trust |
| 109. | Niagara Income Opportunities Fund |
| 110. | North Square Evanston Multi-Alpha Fund |
| 111. | NXG Cushing® Midstream Energy Fund |
| 112. | NXG NextGen Infrastructure Income Fund |
| 113. | OTG Latin American Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 114. | Overlay Shares Core Bond ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 115. | Overlay Shares Foreign Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 116. | Overlay Shares Hedged Large Cap Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 117. | Overlay Shares Large Cap Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 118. | Overlay Shares Municipal Bond ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 119. | Overlay Shares Short Term Bond ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 120. | Overlay Shares Small Cap Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 121. | Palmer Square Funds Trust |
| 122. | Palmer Square Opportunistic Income Fund |
| 123. | Partners Group Private Income Opportunities, LLC |
| 124. | Perkins Discovery Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 125. | Philotimo Focused Growth and Income Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 126. | Plan Investment Fund, Inc. |
| 127. | Point Bridge America First ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions |
| 128. | Precidian ETFs Trust |
| 129. | Rareview 2x Bull Cryptocurrency & Precious Metals ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust |
| 130. | Rareview Dynamic Fixed Income ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust |
| 131. | Rareview Systematic Equity ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust |
| 132. | Rareview Tax Advantaged Income ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust |
| 133. | Rareview Total Return Bond ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust |
| 134. | Renaissance Capital Greenwich Funds |
| 135. | REX ETF Trust |
| 136. | Reynolds Funds, Inc. |
| 137. | RMB Investors Trust |
| 138. | Robinson Opportunistic Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
| 139. | Robinson Tax Advantaged Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
| 140. | Roundhill Ball Metaverse ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 141. | Roundhill Cannabis ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 142. | Roundhill ETF Trust |
| 143. | Roundhill Magnificent Seven ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 144. | Roundhill Sports Betting & iGaming ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 145. | Roundhill Video Games ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 146. | Rule One Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
C-54
| 147. | Russell Investments Exchange Traded Funds |
| 148. | Securian AM Real Asset Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
| 149. | Six Circles Trust |
| 150. | Sound Shore Fund, Inc. |
| 151. | SP Funds Trust |
| 152. | Sparrow Funds |
| 153. | Spear Alpha ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 154. | STF Tactical Growth & Income ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 155. | STF Tactical Growth ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 156. | Strategic Trust |
| 157. | Strategy Shares |
| 158. | Swan Hedged Equity US Large Cap ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 159. | Tekla World Healthcare Fund |
| 160. | Tema ETF Trust |
| 161. | The 2023 ETF Series Trust |
| 162. | The Community Development Fund |
| 163. | The Cook & Bynum Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 164. | The Private Shares Fund |
| 165. | The SPAC and New Issue ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust |
| 166. | Third Avenue Trust |
| 167. | Third Avenue Variable Series Trust |
| 168. | Tidal Trust I |
| 169. | Tidal Trust II |
| 170. | Tidal Trust III |
| 171. | Tidal Trust IV |
| 172. | TIFF Investment Program |
| 173. | Timothy Plan High Dividend Stock ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan |
| 174. | Timothy Plan International ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan |
| 175. | Timothy Plan Market Neutral ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan |
| 176. | Timothy Plan US Large/Mid Cap Core ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan |
| 177. | Timothy Plan US Small Cap Core ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan |
| 178. | Total Fund Solution |
| 179. | Touchstone ETF Trust |
| 180. | Trailmark Series Trust |
| 181. | T-Rex 2X Inverse Bitcoin Daily Target ETF, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 182. | T-Rex 2x Inverse Ether Daily Target ETF, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 183. | T-Rex 2X Long Bitcoin Daily Target ETF, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 184. | T-Rex 2x Long Ether Daily Target ETF |
| 185. | U.S. Global Investors Funds |
| 186. | Union Street Partners Value Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 187. | Vest Bitcoin Strategy Managed Volatility Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 188. | Vest S&P 500® Dividend Aristocrats Target Income Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 189. | Vest US Large Cap 10% Buffer Strategies Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 190. | Vest US Large Cap 20% Buffer Strategies Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 191. | Vest US Large Cap 20% Buffer Strategies VI Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 192. | Virtus Stone Harbor Emerging Markets Income Fund |
| 193. | Volatility Shares Trust |
| 194. | WEBs ETF Trust |
| 195. | Wedbush Series Trust |
| 196. | Wellington Global Multi-Strategy Fund |
| 197. | Wilshire Mutual Funds, Inc. |
| 198. | Wilshire Variable Insurance Trust |
| 199. | WisdomTree Trust |
| 200. | XAI Octagon Floating Rate & Alternative Income Term Trust |
C-55
| (i)(b) | The following are the Officers and Manager of the Distributor, the Registrant’s underwriter. The Distributor’s main business address is 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101. |
| Name | Address | Position with Underwriter | Position with Registrant |
| Teresa Cowan |
190 Middle Street, Suite 301 Portland, ME 04101 |
President/Manager | None |
| Chris Lanza |
190 Middle Street, Suite 301 Portland, ME 04101 |
Vice President | None |
| Kate Macchia |
190 Middle Street, Suite 301 Portland, ME 04101 |
Vice President | None |
| Alicia Strout |
190 Middle Street, Suite 301 Portland, ME 04101 |
Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer | None |
| Gabriel E. Edelman |
190 Middle Street, Suite 301 Portland, ME 04101 |
Secretary | None |
| Susan L. LaFond |
190 Middle Street, Suite 301 Portland, ME 04101 |
Treasurer | None |
| Weston Sommers |
190 Middle Street, Suite 301 Portland, ME 04101 |
Financial and Operations Principal and Chief Financial Officer | None |
| (i)(c) | Not applicable. |
| (ii)(a) | ALPS Distributors, Inc. (“ALPS”) serves as principal underwriter for certain series of the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended: |
1290 Funds
1WS Credit Income Fund
Aberdeen Income Credit Strategies Fund
abrdn ETFs
abrdn Funds
abrdn Global Premier Properties Fund
Accordant ODCE Index Fund
Alpha Alternative Assets Fund
ALPS Series Trust
Alternative Credit Income Fund
Apollo Diversified Credit Fund
Apollo Diversified Real Estate Fund
AQR Funds
Axonic Alternative Income Fund
Axonic Funds
BBH Trust
Bluerock High Income Institutional Credit Fund
Bluerock Total Income+ Real Estate Fund
Bridge Builder Trust
Cambria ETF Trust
CION Ares Diversified Credit Fund
CION Grosvenor Infrastructure Fund
Columbia ETF Trust
Columbia ETF Trust I
Columbia ETF Trust II
Columbia Seligman Premium Technology Growth Fund, Inc.
CRM Mutual Fund Trust
DBX ETF Trust
Eagle Point Defensive Income Trust
Eagle Point Enhanced Income Trust
EA Series Trust (Cambria Series)
ETF Series Solutions (Vident Series)
Financial Investors Trust
Firsthand Funds
FS Credit Income Fund
C-56
FS Credit Opportunities Corp.
FS MVP Private Markets Fund
Gemcorp Commodities Alternative Products Fund
Goehring & Rozencwajg Investment Funds
Goldman Sachs ETF Trust
Goldman Sachs ETF Trust II
Graniteshares ETF Trust
Hartford Funds Exchange-Traded Trust
Heartland Group, Inc.
Investment Managers Series Trust II (AXS-Advised Funds)
Investment Managers Series Trust II (Alternative Access-Advised Fund)
Janus Detroit Street Trust
Lattice Strategies Trust
Litman Gregory Funds Trust
Longleaf Partners Funds Trust
Manager Directed Portfolios (Spyglass Growth Fund)
Meridian Fund, Inc.
Natixis ETF Trust
Natixis ETF Trust II
New York Life Investments Active ETF Trust
New York Life Investments ETF Trust
Opportunistic Credit Interval Fund
PRIMECAP Odyssey Funds
Principal Exchange-Traded Funds
RiverNorth Funds
RiverNorth Opportunities Fund, Inc.
RiverNorth/DoubleLine Strategic Opportunity Fund, Inc.
RiverNorth Opportunistic Municipal Income Fund, Inc.
RiverNorth Managed Duration Municipal Income Fund, Inc.
RiverNorth Flexible Municipal Income Fund, Inc.
RiverNorth Capital and Income Fund, Inc.
RiverNorth Flexible Municipal Income Fund II, Inc.
RiverNorth Managed Duration Municipal Income Fund II, Inc.
SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Trust
SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust
SPDR S&P MidCap 400 ETF Trust
Sphinx Opportunity Fund II
Sprott Funds Trust
The Arbitrage Funds
The Pop Venture Fund
Themes ETF Trust
Tidal Trust II (Cambria Series)
Thornburg ETF Trust
Thrivent ETF Trust
Trust for Professional Managers (PT Asset Management Series)
USCF ETF Trust
Valkyrie ETF Trust II
Wasatch Funds
Wilmington Funds
X-Square Balanced Fund
X-Square Series Trust
| (ii)(b) | The following are the Officers and Manager of ALPS, the Registrant’s underwriter. ALPS’s, unless otherwise noted, business address is 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203. |
C-57
| Name | Position with Underwriter | Positions with Registrant | ||
| Stephen J. Kyllo | President, Chief Operating Officer, Director, Chief Compliance Officer | None | ||
| Brian Schell** | Vice President & Treasurer | None | ||
| Eric Parsons | Vice President, Controller and Assistant Treasurer | None | ||
| Jason White*** | Secretary | None | ||
| Richard C. Noyes | Senior Vice President, General Counsel, Assistant Secretary | None | ||
| Eric Theroff | Assistant Secretary | None | ||
| Adam Girard | Tax Officer | None | ||
| Liza Price | Vice President, Managing Counsel | None | ||
| Jed Stahl | Vice President, Managing Counsel | None | ||
| Terence Digan | Vice President | None | ||
| James Stegall | Vice President | None | ||
| Hilary Quinn | Vice President | None |
| * | Except as otherwise noted, the principal business address for each of the above directors and executive officers is 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203. |
| ** | The principal business address for Mr. Schell is 100 South Wacker Drive, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60606. |
| *** | The principal business address for Mr. White is 4 Times Square, New York, NY 10036. |
| ^ | The principal business address for Mr. Theroff is 1055 Broadway Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64105 |
| ^^ | The principal business address for Mr. Girard is 80 Lamberton Road, Windsor, CT 06095 |
| (ii)(c) | Not applicable. |
Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records
The books and records required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 are maintained at the following locations:
| Records Relating to: | Are located at: | |
| Registrant’s Fund Administrator | Tidal ETF Services LLC 234 West Florida Street, Suite 700 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204 | |
| Registrant’s Fund Sub-Administrator, Fund Accountant, and Sub-Transfer Agent |
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | |
| Registrant’s Custodian | U.S. Bank, National Association 1555 N. Rivercenter Drive Milwaukee, WI 53212 | |
| Registrant’s Principal Underwriters | Foreside Fund Services, LLC 190 Middle Street, Suite 301 Portland, ME 04101 | |
| ALPS Distributors, Inc. 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000 Denver, CO 80203 |
C-58
| Registrant’s Investment Adviser | Tidal Investments LLC 234 West Florida Street, Suite 700 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Carbon Collective Investing, LLC 1748 Shattuck Ave. PMB 164 Berkeley, CA 94709 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Nicholas Wealth, LLC Wealth Management 218 Roswell Street NE Marietta, Georgia 30060 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Pinnacle Family Advisors, LLC 620 W. Republic Road, Suite 104 Springfield, Missouri 65807 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Veridien Global Investors LLC 320 Post Road Darien, Connecticut 06820 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Newfound Research LLC 200 Central Avenue, Suite 324 St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 | |
| Registrant’s Futures Trading Advisor | ReSolve Asset Management SEZC (Cayman) 90 North Church Street Strathvale House, 5th Floor George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, KY1-9012 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Montrose Estate Capital Management, LLC d/b/a Days Global Advisors 6363 Woodway Dr., Suite # 763 Houston, TX 77057 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Family Dynasty Advisors LLC 4601 S. Loop 289 #7 Lubbock, TX 79424 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Roundhill Financial Inc. 154 West 14th Street, 2nd Floor New York, New York 10011 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Veridien Global Investors LLC 320 Post Road Darien, CT 06820 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Chesapeake Capital Corporation 308 Long Lane Richmond, Virginia 23221 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Blueprint Fund Management, LLC 1250 Revolution Mill Dr., Suite 150, Greensboro, NC 27405 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Grizzle Investment Management LLC 573 Coldstream Drive Berwyn, Pennsylvania 19312 |
C-59
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Cambria Investment Management, L.P. 3300 Highland Avenue Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Hilton Capital Management, LLC 1010 Franklin Avenue, Suite 300A Garden City, NY 11530 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Quantify Chaos Advisors, LLC (dba Quantify Funds) 60 Wharf Drive, Apt. 3309 Brooklyn, New York 11222 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Convexitas, LLC 440 West Lake Street Chicago, Illinois 60606 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Artesian Capital Management (Delaware) LP 499 7th Ave, Level 22N New York, NY 10018 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Even Herd, LLC 14642 Bogert Pkwy. Oklahoma City, OK 73134 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Peerless Wealth LLC 1 East Campus View Blvd. Suite 210 Columbus, Ohio 43235 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Clockwise Capital LLC 1395 Brickell Avenue, Unit 800 Miami, FL 33131 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | MSA Power Funds LLC 396 9th Avenue, 6th Floor New York, NY 10001 |
Item 34. Management Services
Not applicable.
Item 35. Undertakings
Not applicable.
C-60
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it meets all requirements for effectiveness of this Post-Effective Amendment No. 527 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A under Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 527 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Milwaukee, State of Wisconsin, on February 9, 2026.
| Tidal Trust II | ||
| /s/ Eric W. Falkeis | ||
| Principal Executive Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated on February 9, 2026.
| Signature | Title | ||
| /s/ Eric W. Falkeis | Principal Executive Officer and Trustee | ||
| Eric W. Falkeis | |||
| /s/ Dave Norris* | Trustee | ||
| David Norris | |||
| /s/ Michelle McDonough* | Trustee | ||
| Michelle McDonough | |||
| /s/ Javier Marquina* | Trustee | ||
| Javier Marquina | |||
| /s/ Domenick Pugliese* | Trustee | ||
| Domenick Pugliese | |||
| /s/ Aaron Perkovich | Treasurer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) | ||
| Aaron Perkovich | |||
| *By: | /s/ Eric W. Falkeis | ||
| Eric Falkeis, Attorney in Fact | |||
| By Power of Attorney | |||
C-61
Exhibit Index
| Exhibit No. | Description |
C-62