INCOME TAXES |
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| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| INCOME TAXES | NOTE 12. INCOME TAXES The tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $2.2 million, resulting in a negative effective tax rate of 5.3%. The effective rate was lower than the 21.0% U.S. federal statutory rate, primarily due to U.S. federal tax credits and favorable permanent salt depletion deductions, partially offset by foreign income inclusions and a change in tax contingencies. The tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $0.0 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of 0.0%. The effective rate was lower than the 21.0% U.S. federal statutory rate, primarily due to state income tax, foreign income inclusions, a change in tax contingencies and remeasurement of deferred taxes due to an increase in our state effective tax rates, partially offset by favorable permanent salt depletion deductions and benefit from prior year tax positions. The tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $5.3 million, resulting in a negative effective tax rate of 14.4%. The effective rate was lower than the 21.0% U.S. federal statutory rate, primarily due to U.S. federal tax credits and favorable permanent salt depletion deductions, partially offset by foreign income inclusions and a change in tax contingencies. Tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $36.8 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of 27.9%. The effective rate was higher than the 21.0% U.S. federal statutory rate, primarily due to state income tax, foreign income inclusions, a change in tax contingencies and remeasurement of deferred taxes due to an increase in our state effective tax rates, partially offset by favorable permanent salt depletion deductions, a benefit from prior year tax positions, U.S. federal tax credits purchased at a discount and a benefit associated with stock-based compensation. We account for non-refundable tax credits in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, recognizing a decrease to our income tax expense. Refundable tax credits are accounted for outside the scope of ASC 740, and treated by analogy to government grants, using International Accounting Standards (IAS) 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, recognizing such grants when the Company has reasonable assurance that it will comply with the grant’s conditions and that the grant will be received. In August 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) was enacted and provides various beneficial credits for energy efficient related manufacturing, transportation and fuels, hydrogen/carbon recapture and renewable energy. In the second quarter of 2025, Olin realized $22.0 million of investment tax credits related to the IRA via its Hidrogenii joint venture interest and recorded a tax benefit of $2.6 million. In the third quarter of 2025, Olin determined that it qualified for the clean hydrogen production tax credit under Section 45V as part of the IRA. As a result, Olin recorded a $32.0 million reduction to cost of goods sold primarily related to Section 45V. The Company expects to continue to qualify for Section 45V through 2032. On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) was enacted in the U.S. This act introduces significant changes to tax law and other areas affecting company operations, including items such as extensions of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act provisions, changes to business interest deductions, modifications to depreciation deductions and impacts on energy tax credits. Due to a decrease in taxable income from changes to depreciation methods, business interest deductions and research and development, Olin recorded a $2.5 million tax expense in the third quarter of 2025 associated with the valuation allowance on foreign tax credits which are no longer expected to be utilized before their expiration date. As of September 30, 2025, we had $31.8 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits, which would have impacted the effective tax rate, if recognized. The amounts of unrecognized tax benefits were as follows:
As of September 30, 2025, we believe it is reasonably possible that our total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by approximately $9.7 million over the next twelve months. The anticipated reduction primarily relates to expected settlements with tax authorities and the expiration of federal, state and foreign statutes of limitation. We operate globally and file income tax returns in numerous jurisdictions. Our tax returns are subject to examination by various federal, state and local tax authorities. Additionally, examinations are ongoing in various states and foreign jurisdictions. We believe we have adequately provided for all tax positions; however, amounts asserted by taxing authorities could be greater than our accrued position. For our primary tax jurisdictions, the tax years that remain subject to examination are as follows:
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