​

For the three months

​

For the six months

​

​

ended June 30,

​

ended June 30,

​

​

2025

​

2024

​

2025

​

2024

Staff costs (note 19)

44,496

​

67,959

​

145,538

​

136,641

Depreciation (notes 8/9)

2,118

​

112,382

​

4,236

​

115,320

External research and development costs

68,492

​

184,461

​

101,075

​

363,571

Laboratory consumables

4,021

​

—

​

4,021

​

—

Patent maintenance and registration costs

53,865

​

68,335

​

97,119

​

123,874

Professional fees

320,253

​

376,033

​

622,635

​

828,043

Short-term leases

​

—

​

1,545

​

—

​

1,545

D&O Insurance

​

47,207

​

61,629

​

91,857

​

112,678

Other operating costs

228,821

​

142,249

​

380,109

​

355,923

Total operating costs

769,273

​

1,014,593

​

1,446,590

​

2,037,595