Georgia | 6021 | 39-3738880 | ||||
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||
M. Terry Turner President and Chief Executive Officer Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. 21 Platform Way South, Suite 2300 Nashville, Tennessee 37203 (615) 744-3700 | Kevin S. Blair Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President Synovus Financial Corp. 33 West 14th Street Columbus, Georgia 31901 (706) 641-6500 | ||
H. Rodgin Cohen Mitchell S. Eitel Sullivan & Cromwell LLP 125 Broad Street New York, New York 10004 (212) 558-4000 | Edward D. Herlihy Brandon C. Price Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz 51 West 52nd Street New York, New York 10019 (212) 403-1000 | ||
Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | ||||||
Non-accelerated filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | ||||||
Emerging growth company | ☐ | ||||||||
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M. Terry Turner President and Chief Executive Officer Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. | Kevin Blair Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President Synovus Financial Corp. | ||
if you are a Pinnacle shareholder: Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. 21 Platform Way South, Suite 2300 Nashville, Tennessee 37203 Attn: Investor Relations (615) 743-8219 | if you are a Synovus shareholder: Synovus Financial Corp. 33 West 14th Street Columbus, Georgia 31901 Attention: Investor Relations (706) 641-6500 | ||
• | Proposal to approve the merger agreement (the “Pinnacle merger proposal”); |
• | Proposal to approve, on an advisory (non-binding) basis, the merger-related compensation payments that will or may be paid to Pinnacle’s named executive officers in connection with the merger (the “Pinnacle compensation proposal”); and |
• | Proposal to approve the adjournment or postponement of the special meeting, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if, immediately prior to such adjournment, there are not sufficient votes to approve the Pinnacle merger proposal or to ensure that any supplement or amendment to the accompanying joint proxy statement/prospectus is timely provided (the “Pinnacle adjournment proposal”). |
By Order of the Board of Directors | |||
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M. Terry Turner | |||
President and Chief Executive Officer | |||
Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. | |||
• | Proposal to approve the merger agreement (the “Synovus merger proposal”); |
• | Proposal to approve, on an advisory (non-binding) basis, the merger-related compensation payments that will or may be paid to Synovus’ named executive officers in connection with the merger (the “Synovus compensation proposal”); and |
• | Proposal to approve the adjournment or postponement of the special meeting, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if, immediately prior to such adjournment, there are not sufficient votes to approve the Synovus merger proposal or to ensure that any supplement or amendment to the accompanying joint proxy statement/prospectus is timely provided (the “Synovus adjournment proposal”). |
By Order of the Board of Directors | |||
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Kevin Blair | |||
Chairman of the Board | |||
Chief Executive Officer and President | |||
Synovus Financial Corp. | |||
• | “merger” refers to the simultaneous mergers of each of Pinnacle and Synovus with and into Newco, with Newco as the surviving corporation; |
• | “Newco” refers to Steel Newco Inc., a Georgia corporation; |
• | “Newco common stock” refers to the common stock of Newco, par value of $1.00 per share; |
• | “Newco depositary shares” refer to the depositary shares each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of Newco series C preferred stock; |
• | “Newco preferred stock” refers to, collectively, Newco series A preferred stock, Newco series B preferred stock and Newco series C preferred stock; |
• | “Pinnacle” refers to Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc., a Tennessee corporation; |
• | “Pinnacle Bank” refers to Pinnacle Bank, a Tennessee state-chartered bank and a wholly owned subsidiary of Pinnacle; |
• | “Pinnacle common stock” refers to the common stock of Pinnacle, par value $1.00 per share; |
• | “Pinnacle depositary shares” refer to the depositary shares each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of Pinnacle series B preferred stock; |
• | “Pinnacle series B preferred stock” refers to the 6.75% Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual preferred stock, Series B, no par value, of Pinnacle; |
• | “Synovus” refers to Synovus Financial Corp., a Georgia corporation; |
• | “Synovus Bank” refers to Synovus Bank, a Georgia state-chartered bank and a wholly owned subsidiary of Synovus; |
• | “Synovus common stock” refers to the common stock of Synovus, $1.00 par value; |
• | “Synovus series D preferred stock” refers to the Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series D, no par value, of Synovus; |
• | “Synovus series E preferred stock” refers to the Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E, no par value, of Synovus; |
• | “Synovus preferred stock” refers to, collectively, the Synovus series D preferred stock and the Synovus series E preferred stock; |
• | “Synovus shareholders” refers to holders of shares of Synovus common stock; and |
• | “shareholders” or “holders” refers to holders of shares of the capital stock of Newco, Pinnacle or Synovus, as the context suggests. |
Q: | Why am I receiving this joint proxy statement/prospectus? |
A: | You are receiving this joint proxy statement/prospectus because Pinnacle and Synovus have agreed to a business combination transaction in which each of Pinnacle and Synovus will simultaneously merge with and into Newco, a newly formed Georgia company. A copy of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 24, 2025, by and among Pinnacle, Synovus and Newco (the “merger agreement”) is attached as Annex A to this joint proxy statement/prospectus and is incorporated by reference herein. Following the completion of the merger, Pinnacle Bank will become a member bank of the Federal Reserve System (the “FRS membership”), and immediately following the effectiveness of the FRS membership, Synovus Bank |
• | holders of Pinnacle common stock must approve the merger agreement (the “Pinnacle merger proposal”); and |
• | holders of Synovus common stock must approve the merger agreement (the “Synovus merger proposal”). |
Q: | What will happen in the merger? |
A: | In the merger, each of Pinnacle and Synovus will simultaneously merge with and into Newco, a newly formed Georgia company jointly owned by Pinnacle and Synovus. Each share of Pinnacle common stock issued and outstanding prior to the effective time of the merger (other than the shares owned by Synovus or Pinnacle, excluding those (i) held in trust accounts, managed accounts, mutual funds and the like, or otherwise held in a fiduciary or agency capacity that are beneficially owned by third parties or (ii) held, directly or indirectly, by Synovus or Pinnacle, as applicable, in respect of debts) will be converted into the right to receive one (1) share of Newco common stock (the “Pinnacle exchange ratio” and such shares, the “Pinnacle merger consideration”). Each share of Synovus common stock issued and outstanding prior to the effective time of the merger (other than the shares owned by Synovus or Pinnacle, excluding those (i) held in trust accounts, managed accounts, mutual funds and the like, or otherwise held in a fiduciary or agency capacity that are beneficially owned by third parties or (ii) held, directly or indirectly, by Synovus or Pinnacle, as applicable, in respect of debts) will be converted into the right to receive 0.5237 shares of Newco common stock (the “Synovus exchange ratio” and such shares, the “Synovus merger consideration”). Holders of Synovus common stock will receive cash in lieu of any fractional shares of Newco common stock they would otherwise be entitled to receive. |
Q: | When and where will the Pinnacle special meeting take place? |
A: | The Pinnacle special meeting will be held virtually via the Internet on November 6, 2025 at 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time. The Pinnacle special meeting is expected to be held in a virtual-only format conducted via live webcast. If you are holder of record, you may attend the Pinnacle special meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/PNFP2025SM and entering the 16-digit control number that is printed on your proxy card. If you are not a shareholder, you will be able to attend the meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/PNFP2025SM and registering as a guest. If you enter the meeting as a guest, you will not be able to vote or submit questions during the meeting. You may log in beginning at 8:45 a.m. Eastern Time on November 6, 2025. The Pinnacle special meeting will begin promptly at 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time. An archived copy of the webcast will also be available under the Past Meetings page at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com following the Pinnacle special meeting. |
Q: | When and where will the Synovus special meeting take place? |
A: | The Synovus special meeting will be held virtually via the Internet on November 6, 2025 at 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time. The Synovus special meeting is expected to be held in a virtual-only format conducted via live webcast. If you are holder of record, you may attend the Synovus special meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/SNV2025SM and entering the 16-digit control number that is printed on your proxy card. If you are not a shareholder, you will be able to attend the meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/SNV2025SM and registering as a guest. If you enter the meeting as a guest, you will not be able to vote or submit questions during the meeting. You may log in beginning at 8:45 a.m. Eastern Time on November 6, 2025. The Synovus special meeting will begin promptly at 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time. An archived copy of the webcast will also be available under the Past Meetings page www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com following the Synovus special meeting. |
Q: | What matters will be considered at the Pinnacle special meeting? |
A: | At the Pinnacle special meeting, holders of Pinnacle common stock will be asked to consider and vote on the following proposals: |
• | Pinnacle Proposal 1: The Pinnacle merger proposal. Approval of the merger agreement; |
• | Pinnacle Proposal 2: The Pinnacle compensation proposal. Approval of, on an advisory (non-binding) basis, the merger-related compensation payments that will or may be paid to Pinnacle’s named executive officers in connection with the merger; and |
• | Pinnacle Proposal 3: The Pinnacle adjournment proposal. Approval of the adjournment of the Pinnacle special meeting to solicit additional proxies if (i) there are not sufficient votes at the time of the Pinnacle special meeting to approve the Pinnacle merger proposal or (ii) necessary or appropriate, to ensure that any supplement or amendment to this joint proxy statement/prospectus is timely provided to holders of Pinnacle common stock. |
Q: | What matters will be considered at the Synovus special meeting? |
A: | At the Synovus special meeting, holders of Synovus common stock will be asked to consider and vote on the following proposals: |
• | Synovus Proposal 1: The Synovus merger proposal. Approval of the merger agreement; |
• | Synovus Proposal 2: The Synovus compensation proposal. Approval of, on an advisory (non-binding) basis, the merger-related compensation payments that will or may be paid to Synovus’ named executive officers in connection with the merger; and |
• | Synovus Proposal 3: The Synovus adjournment proposal. Approval of the adjournment of the Synovus special meeting to solicit additional proxies if (i) there are not sufficient votes at the time of the Synovus special meeting to approve the Synovus merger proposal or (ii) necessary or appropriate, to ensure that any supplement or amendment to this joint proxy statement/prospectus is timely provided to holders of Synovus common stock. |
Q: | What will holders of Pinnacle common stock receive in the merger? |
A: | In the merger, holders of Pinnacle common stock will receive one (1) share of Newco common stock for each share of Pinnacle common stock held immediately prior to the completion of the merger, other than certain shares held by Pinnacle or Synovus. Newco will not issue any fractional shares of Newco common stock in the merger. |
Q: | What will holders of Pinnacle depositary shares receive in the merger? |
A: | In the merger, each outstanding Pinnacle depositary share will become a Newco depositary share and will represent a 1/40th interest in a share of Newco series C preferred stock, which will have terms that are not materially less favorable than the terms of the Pinnacle series B preferred stock. Upon completion of the merger, Newco will assume the obligations of Pinnacle under the applicable deposit agreement related to the depositary shares. For more information, see “Description of Newco Capital Stock” beginning on page 149. |
Q: | What will holders of Synovus common stock receive in the merger? |
A: | In the merger, holders of Synovus common stock will receive 0.5237 shares of Newco common stock for each share of Synovus common stock held immediately prior to completion of the merger, other than certain shares held by Pinnacle or Synovus. Newco will not issue any fractional shares of Newco common stock in connection with the merger. Holders of Synovus common stock who would otherwise be entitled to a fractional share of Newco common stock in the merger will instead receive an amount in cash (without interest and rounded to the nearest cent) determined by multiplying (i) the average closing-sale price per share of Pinnacle common stock on the NASDAQ, as reported by The Wall Street Journal for the consecutive period of five (5) full trading days ending on the trading day immediately preceding (but not including) the day on which the merger is completed (such average closing-sale price, the “Pinnacle closing price”) by (ii) the fraction of a share (after taking into account all shares of Synovus common stock held by such holder immediately prior to the effective time of the merger and rounded to the nearest one-thousandth when expressed in decimal) of Newco common stock that such shareholder would otherwise be entitled to receive. |
Q: | What will holders of Synovus preferred stock receive in the merger? |
A: | In the merger, each share of Synovus series D preferred stock and Synovus series E preferred stock, in each case issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger, will be converted into the right to receive one (1) share of Newco series A preferred stock and Newco series B preferred stock, respectively. |
Q: | Will the value of the Pinnacle merger consideration change between the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus and the time the merger is completed? |
A: | Yes. Although the number of shares of Newco common stock that holders of Pinnacle common stock will receive is fixed, the value of the Pinnacle merger consideration will fluctuate between the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus and the completion of the merger based upon the closing-sale price per share of Pinnacle common stock. Neither Pinnacle nor Synovus is permitted to terminate the merger agreement as a result of any increase or decrease in the market price of Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock. |
Q: | Will the value of the Synovus merger consideration change between the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus and the time the merger is completed? |
A: | Yes. Although the number of shares of Newco common stock that holders of Synovus common stock will receive is fixed, the value of the Synovus merger consideration will fluctuate between the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus and the completion of the merger based upon the closing-sale price per share of Pinnacle common stock. Any fluctuation in the Pinnacle closing price will change the amount of cash that holders of Synovus common stock will receive in lieu of any fractional shares of Newco common stock that they would otherwise be entitled to receive. Neither Pinnacle nor Synovus is permitted to terminate the merger agreement as a result of any increase or decrease in the market price of Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock. |
Q: | How will the merger affect Pinnacle equity awards? |
A: | With respect to Pinnacle equity awards, unless otherwise mutually agreed by the parties and a holder of any such Pinnacle equity award, at the effective time of the merger: |
• | each outstanding restricted stock award (a “Pinnacle restricted stock award”) granted under an equity compensation plan or program of Pinnacle (a “Pinnacle stock plan”) shall, automatically and without any required action on the part of the holder thereof, fully vest and be converted into the right to receive (without interest), less applicable tax withholdings, (i) a number of shares of Newco common stock equal to the number of shares of Pinnacle common stock subject to such Pinnacle restricted stock award immediately prior to the effective time and (ii) an amount in cash equal to the amount of all dividend equivalents accrued but unpaid as of the effective time with respect to such Pinnacle restricted stock award; |
• | each outstanding award of restricted stock units (a “Pinnacle RSU award”) granted prior to July 24, 2025 (the date of the merger agreement) or held by a nonemployee member of Pinnacle’s board of directors under the Pinnacle stock plans, whether vested or unvested, shall, automatically and without any required action on the part of the holder thereof, fully vest and be converted into the right to receive (without interest), less applicable tax withholdings, (i) a number of shares of Newco common stock equal to the number of shares of Pinnacle common stock subject to such Pinnacle RSU award immediately prior to the effective time and (ii) an amount in cash equal to the amount of all dividend equivalents accrued but unpaid as of the effective time with respect to such Pinnacle RSU award; |
• | each outstanding Pinnacle RSU award that is granted as of or after July 24, 2025 (the date of the merger agreement) and is not held by a nonemployee member of Pinnacle’s board of directors under the Pinnacle stock plans shall, automatically and without any required action on the part of the holder thereof, be assumed by Newco and be converted into and become a restricted stock unit award (an “assumed Pinnacle RSU award”), and, from and after the effective time, (i) each assumed Pinnacle RSU award shall relate solely to shares of Newco common stock, (ii) the number of shares of Newco common stock underlying each assumed Pinnacle RSU award shall be equal to the number of shares of Pinnacle common stock that were underlying such assumed Pinnacle RSU award immediately prior to the effective time, and (iii) the terms and conditions of such assumed Pinnacle RSU award shall otherwise remain unchanged as a result of the assumption of such assumed Pinnacle RSU award (other than with respect to administration of the assumed Pinnacle RSU award, which shall be administered by Newco’s board of directors or a committee thereof); and |
• | each outstanding award of performance stock units (a “Pinnacle PSU award”) granted prior to July 24, 2025 under the Pinnacle stock plans, whether vested or unvested, shall, automatically and without any required action on the part of the holder thereof, fully vest and be converted into the right to receive (without interest), less applicable tax withholdings, (i) a number of shares of Newco common stock, rounded up to the nearest whole number of shares, equal to the maximum number of shares of Pinnacle common stock subject to such Pinnacle PSU award (with such number of shares of Pinnacle common stock determined based on maximum performance) immediately prior to the effective time and (ii) an amount in cash equal to the amount of all dividend equivalents accrued but unpaid as of the effective time with respect to the maximum amount of such Pinnacle PSU award. |
Q: | How will the merger affect Synovus equity awards? |
A: | With respect to Synovus equity awards, unless otherwise mutually agreed by the parties and a holder of any such Synovus equity award, at the effective time of the merger: |
• | each outstanding option granted by Synovus to purchase shares of Synovus common stock (“Synovus stock option”) under an equity compensation plan or program of Synovus (a “Synovus stock plan”) shall, automatically and without any required action on the part of the holder thereof, be converted into the right to receive (without interest), less applicable tax withholdings, a number of shares of Newco common stock equal to the product of (i) the net option share amount multiplied by (ii) the Synovus exchange ratio. For this purpose, “net option share amount” means, with respect to each Synovus stock option, the quotient obtained of (A) the product of (1) the excess, if any, of the Synovus merger consideration value over the exercise price per share of Synovus common stock subject to such Synovus stock option immediately prior to the effective time multiplied by (2) the number of shares of |
• | each outstanding award of restricted stock units (a “Synovus RSU award”), whether granted prior to or on or after the date hereof under the Synovus stock plans shall, automatically and without any required action on the part of the holder thereof, be assumed by Newco and be converted into and become an award of restricted stock units relating to Newco common stock in accordance with the terms set forth in the applicable Synovus stock plan and the restricted stock unit agreement evidencing such Synovus RSU award (an “assumed Synovus RSU award”), in each case, as in effect immediately prior to the effective time, and, from and after the effective time, (i) each assumed Synovus RSU award shall relate solely to shares of Newco common stock; (ii) the number of shares of Newco common stock underlying each assumed Synovus RSU award shall be determined by multiplying the number of shares of Synovus common stock that were underlying such assumed Synovus RSU award immediately prior to the effective time by the Synovus exchange ratio, and rounding the resulting number up to the nearest whole number of shares of Newco common stock; and (iii) the terms and conditions of such assumed Synovus RSU award shall otherwise remain unchanged as a result of the assumption of such assumed Synovus RSU award. Effective as of immediately after the effective time, each assumed Synovus RSU award held by a non-employee director of Synovus who will not serve as a member of Newco’s board of directors as of the effective time will vest in full; and |
• | each outstanding award of performance stock units (a “Synovus PSU award”) granted prior to the date hereof under the Synovus stock plans, whether vested or unvested, shall, automatically and without any required action on the part of the holder thereof, fully vest and be converted into the right to receive (without interest), less applicable tax withholdings, a number of shares of Newco common stock, rounded up to the nearest whole number of shares, equal to the product of (i) the number of shares of Synovus common stock subject to such Synovus PSU award (with such number of shares of Synovus common stock determined based on maximum performance) immediately prior to the effective time multiplied by (ii) the Synovus exchange ratio. |
Q: | What if I own Pinnacle depositary shares? |
A: | In the merger, each Pinnacle depositary share issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger will be converted into a Newco depositary share and will represent a 1/40th interest in a share of Newco series C preferred stock, which will have terms that are not materially less favorable than the Pinnacle series B preferred stock. For more information, see “Description of Newco Capital Stock” beginning on page 149. |
Q: | What if I own Synovus preferred stock? |
A: | In the merger, each share of Synovus series D preferred stock and Synovus series E preferred stock, in each case issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger, will be converted into the right to receive one (1) share of Newco series A preferred stock and Newco series B preferred stock, respectively, which will have terms that are not materially less favorable than of the applicable series of Synovus preferred stock. For more information, see “Description of Newco Capital Stock” beginning on page 149. |
Q: | How does the Pinnacle board of directors recommend that I vote at the Pinnacle special meeting? |
A: | The Pinnacle board of directors unanimously recommends that you vote “FOR” the Pinnacle merger proposal, “FOR” the Pinnacle compensation proposal and “FOR” the Pinnacle adjournment proposal. |
Q: | How does the Synovus board of directors recommend that I vote at the Synovus special meeting? |
A: | The Synovus board of directors unanimously recommends that you vote “FOR” the Synovus merger proposal, “FOR” the Synovus compensation proposal and “FOR” the Synovus adjournment proposal. |
Q: | Who is entitled to vote at the Pinnacle special meeting? |
A: | The record date for the Pinnacle special meeting is September 26, 2025. All holders of Pinnacle common stock who held shares at the close of business on the record date for the Pinnacle special meeting are entitled to receive notice of, and to vote at, the Pinnacle special meeting. |
Q: | Who is entitled to vote at the Synovus special meeting? |
A: | The record date for the Synovus special meeting is September 26, 2025. All holders of Synovus common stock who held shares at the close of business on the record date for the Synovus special meeting are entitled to receive notice of, and to vote at, the Synovus special meeting. |
Q: | What constitutes a quorum for the Pinnacle special meeting? |
A: | The presence at the Pinnacle special meeting, virtually or by proxy, of holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Pinnacle common stock entitled to vote at the Pinnacle special meeting will constitute a quorum for purposes of taking actions on the Pinnacle merger proposal, the Pinnacle compensation proposal and the Pinnacle adjournment proposal. Abstentions will be included in determining the number of shares present at the meeting for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum. |
Q: | What constitutes a quorum for the Synovus special meeting? |
A: | The presence at the Synovus special meeting, virtually or by proxy, of holders representing a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all of the issued and outstanding shares of Synovus common stock will constitute a quorum for purposes of taking actions on the Synovus merger proposal, the Synovus compensation proposal and the Synovus adjournment proposal. Abstentions will be included in determining the number of shares present at the meeting for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum. |
Q: | What vote is required for the approval of each proposal at the Pinnacle special meeting? |
A: | Pinnacle Proposal 1: Pinnacle merger proposal. Approval of the Pinnacle merger proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the Pinnacle merger proposal by the |
Q: | What vote is required for the approval of each proposal at the Synovus special meeting? |
A: | Synovus Proposal 1: Synovus merger proposal. Approval of the Synovus merger proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the Synovus merger proposal by the holders of Synovus common stock. Shares of Synovus common stock not present, and shares present and not voted, whether by broker non-vote, abstention or otherwise, will have the same effect as votes cast “AGAINST” the proposal to approve the merger agreement. |
Q: | Why are holders of Pinnacle common stock being asked to consider and vote on a proposal to approve, by non-binding, advisory vote, merger-related compensation arrangements for Pinnacle’s named executive officers (i.e., the Pinnacle compensation proposal)? |
A: | Under the rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), Pinnacle is required to seek a non-binding, advisory vote with respect to the compensation that may be paid or become payable to Pinnacle’s named executive officers that is based on or otherwise relates to the merger or “golden parachute” compensation. |
Q: | What happens if holders of Pinnacle common stock do not approve, by non-binding, advisory vote, the merger-related compensation arrangements for Pinnacle’s named executive officers (i.e., the Pinnacle compensation proposal?) |
A: | The votes on the proposal to approve the merger-related compensation arrangements for Pinnacle’s named executive officers is separate and apart from the votes to approve the other proposals being presented at the Pinnacle special meeting. Because the vote to approve the Pinnacle compensation proposal is advisory in nature only, it will not be binding upon Pinnacle or Newco in the merger. Accordingly, the merger-related compensation will be paid to Pinnacle’s named executive officers to the extent payable in accordance with the terms of their compensation agreements and other contractual arrangements even if the holders of Pinnacle common stock do not approve the Pinnacle compensation proposal. |
Q: | Why are holders of Synovus common stock being asked to consider and vote on a proposal to approve, by non-binding, advisory vote, merger-related compensation arrangements for Synovus’ named executive officers (i.e., the Synovus compensation proposal)? |
A: | Under the rules promulgated by the SEC, Synovus is required to seek a non-binding, advisory vote with respect to the compensation that may be paid or become payable to Synovus’ named executive officers that is based on or otherwise relates to the merger or “golden parachute” compensation. |
Q: | What happens if holders of Synovus common stock do not approve, by non-binding, advisory vote, the merger-related compensation arrangements for Synovus’ named executive officers (i.e., the Synovus compensation proposal?) |
A: | The votes on the proposal to approve the merger-related compensation arrangements for Synovus’ named executive officers is separate and apart from the votes to approve the other proposals being presented at the Synovus special meeting. Because the vote to approve the Synovus compensation proposal is advisory in nature only, it will not be binding upon Synovus or Newco in the merger. Accordingly, the merger-related compensation will be paid to Synovus’ named executive officers to the extent payable in accordance with the terms of their compensation agreements and other contractual arrangements even if the holders of Synovus common stock do not approve the Synovus compensation proposal. |
Q: | What if I hold shares of both Pinnacle and Synovus? |
A: | If you hold shares of both Pinnacle common stock and Synovus common stock, you will receive separate packages of proxy materials. A vote cast as a holder of Pinnacle common stock will not count as a vote cast as a holder of Synovus common stock, and a vote cast as a holder of Synovus common stock will not count as a vote cast as a holder of Pinnacle common stock. Therefore, please submit separate proxies for your shares of Pinnacle common stock and your shares of Synovus common stock. |
Q: | How can I attend and vote my shares virtually at my respective special meeting? |
A: | Record Holders. If you hold shares directly in your name as the holder of record of Pinnacle or Synovus common stock, you are a “record holder” and your shares may be voted at the Pinnacle special meeting or the Synovus special meeting by you, as applicable. If you choose to vote your shares virtually at the respective special meeting via the applicable special meeting website, you will need the control number, as described below. |
Q: | How can I vote my shares without attending my respective special meeting? |
A: | Whether you hold your shares directly as the holder of record of Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock or beneficially in “street name,” you may direct your vote by proxy without attending the Pinnacle special meeting or the Synovus special meeting, as applicable. |
Q: | What do I need to do now? |
A: | After carefully reading and considering the information contained in this document, please vote as soon as possible. If you hold shares of Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock, please respond by completing, signing and dating the accompanying proxy card and returning it the enclosed postage-paid envelope, or by submitting your proxy by telephone or through the Internet, as soon as possible so that your shares may be represented at your meeting. Please note that if you hold shares beneficially in “street name,” you should follow the voting instructions provided by your bank, broker or other nominee. |
Q: | If my shares are held in “street name” by a broker, bank or other nominee, will my broker, bank or other nominee vote my shares for me? |
A: | No. Your bank, broker or other nominee cannot vote your shares without instructions from you. You should instruct your bank, broker or other nominee how to vote your shares in accordance with the instructions provided to you. Please check the voting form used by your bank, broker or other nominee. |
Q: | What is a “broker non-vote”? |
A: | Banks, brokers and other nominees who hold shares in street name for a beneficial owner of those shares typically have the authority to vote in their discretion on “routine” proposals when they have not received |
• | Pinnacle merger proposal: your bank, broker, trustee or other nominee may not vote your shares on the Pinnacle merger proposal, which broker non-votes, if any, will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” such proposal; |
• | Pinnacle compensation proposal: your bank, broker, trustee or other nominee may not vote your shares on the Pinnacle compensation proposal, which broker non-votes, if any, will have no effect on the outcome of such proposal. |
• | Pinnacle adjournment proposal: your bank, broker, trustee or other nominee may not vote your shares on the Pinnacle adjournment proposal, which broker non-votes, if any, will have no effect on the outcome of such proposal. |
• | Synovus merger proposal: your bank, broker, trustee or other nominee may not vote your shares on the Synovus merger proposal, which broker non-votes, if any, will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” such proposal; |
• | Synovus compensation proposal: your bank, broker, trustee or other nominee may not vote your shares on the Synovus compensation proposal, which broker non-votes, if any, will have no effect on the outcome of such proposal. |
• | Synovus adjournment proposal: your bank, broker, trustee or other nominee may not vote your shares on the Synovus adjournment proposal, which broker non-votes, if any, will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” such proposal; |
Q: | What if I fail to vote or abstain? |
A: | For purposes of the Pinnacle special meeting, an abstention occurs when a Pinnacle shareholder attends the Pinnacle special meeting and does not vote or returns a proxy with an “abstain” instruction. |
• | Pinnacle merger proposal: An abstention will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Pinnacle merger proposal. If a Pinnacle shareholder is not present at the Pinnacle special meeting and does not respond by proxy, it will also have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Pinnacle merger proposal. |
• | Pinnacle compensation proposal: An abstention will have no effect on the outcome of the Pinnacle compensation proposal. If a Pinnacle shareholder is not present at the Pinnacle special meeting and does not respond by proxy, it will also have no effect on the outcome of the Pinnacle compensation proposal. |
• | Pinnacle adjournment proposal: An abstention will have no effect on the outcome of the Pinnacle adjournment proposal. If a Pinnacle shareholder is not present at the Pinnacle special meeting and does not respond by proxy, it will also have no effect on the outcome of the Pinnacle adjournment proposal. |
• | Synovus merger proposal: An abstention will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Synovus merger proposal. If a Synovus shareholder is not present at the Synovus special meeting and does not respond by proxy, it will also have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Synovus merger proposal. |
• | Synovus compensation proposal: An abstention will have no effect on the outcome of the Synovus compensation proposal. If a Synovus shareholder is not present at the Synovus special meeting and does not respond by proxy, it will also have no effect on the outcome of the Synovus compensation proposal. |
• | Synovus adjournment proposal: An abstention will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Synovus adjournment proposal. If a Synovus shareholder is not present at the Synovus special meeting and does not respond by proxy, it will have no effect on the outcome of the Synovus adjournment proposal. |
Q: | Why is my vote important? |
A: | Your failure to submit a proxy or vote in person, or failure to instruct your bank or broker how to vote, or abstention will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” approval of the Pinnacle merger proposal and the Synovus merger proposal. The merger agreement must be approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the Pinnacle merger proposal by the holders of Pinnacle common stock and by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the Synovus merger proposal by the holders of Synovus common stock. The Pinnacle board of directors unanimously recommends that you vote “FOR” the Pinnacle merger proposal, and the Synovus board of directors unanimously recommends that you vote “FOR” the Synovus merger proposal. |
Q: | What will happen if I return my proxy card without indicating how to vote? |
A: | If you sign and return your proxy card without indicating how to vote on any particular proposal, the shares of Pinnacle common stock represented by your proxy will be voted as recommended by the Pinnacle board of directors with respect to such proposals or the shares of Synovus common stock represented by your proxy will be voted as recommended by the Synovus board of directors with respect to such proposals, as the case may be. |
Q: | Can I change my vote after I have delivered my proxy or voting instruction card? |
A: | If you directly hold shares of Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock in your name as a record holder, you can change your vote at any time before your proxy is voted at your meeting. You can do this by: |
• | submitting a written statement that you would like to revoke your proxy to the corporate secretary of Pinnacle or Synovus, as applicable; |
• | signing and returning a proxy card with a later date; |
• | attending the special meeting virtually, notifying the corporate secretary and voting in accordance with the instructions given at the special meeting; or |
• | voting by telephone or the Internet at a later time. |
Q: | Will Pinnacle be required to submit the Pinnacle merger proposal to its shareholders even if the Pinnacle board of directors has withdrawn, modified or qualified its recommendation? |
A: | Yes. Unless the merger agreement is terminated before the Pinnacle special meeting, Pinnacle is required to submit the Pinnacle merger proposal to its shareholders even if the Pinnacle board of directors has withdrawn or modified its recommendation. |
Q: | Will Synovus be required to submit the Synovus merger proposal to its shareholders even if the Synovus board of directors has withdrawn, modified or qualified its recommendation? |
A: | Yes. Unless the merger agreement is terminated before the Synovus special meeting, Synovus is required to submit the Synovus merger proposal to its shareholders even if the Synovus board of directors has withdrawn or modified its recommendation. |
Q: | Are holders of Pinnacle common stock entitled to appraisal or dissenters’ rights? |
A: | No. Holders of Pinnacle common stock are not entitled to appraisal or dissenters’ rights under the TBCA. For more information, see the section entitled “The Merger—Appraisal or Dissenters’ Rights in the Merger” beginning on page 129. |
Q: | Are holders of Synovus common stock entitled to appraisal or dissenters’ rights? |
A: | No. Holders of Synovus common stock are not entitled to appraisal or dissenters’ rights under the GBCC. For more information, see the section entitled “The Merger—Appraisal or Dissenters’ Rights in the Merger” beginning on page 129. |
Q: | Are holders of Pinnacle depositary shares entitled to appraisal or dissenters’ rights? |
A: | No. Holders of Pinnacle depositary shares are not entitled to appraisal or dissenters’ rights under the TBCA. For more information, see the section entitled “The Merger—Appraisal or Dissenters’ Rights in the Merger” beginning on page 129. |
Q: | Are holders of Synovus preferred stock entitled to appraisal or dissenters’ rights? |
A: | No. Holders of Synovus preferred stock are not entitled to appraisal or dissenters’ rights under the GBCC. For more information, see the section entitled “The Merger—Appraisal or Dissenters’ Rights in the Merger” beginning on page 129. |
Q: | Are there any risks that I should consider in deciding whether to vote for the approval of the proposals to be voted on at the Pinnacle special meeting and Synovus special meeting? |
A: | Yes. You should read and carefully consider the risk factors set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 49. You also should read and carefully consider the risk factors of Pinnacle and Synovus contained in the documents that are incorporated by reference into this joint proxy statement/prospectus. |
Q: | What are the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the merger to holders of Pinnacle common stock and Synovus common stock? |
A: | The simultaneous mergers of Pinnacle and Synovus with and into Newco are each intended to qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). It is a condition to Pinnacle’s obligation to effect the merger that Pinnacle receive an opinion from Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, dated as of the closing date, to the effect that the merger of Pinnacle with and into Newco will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, and it is a condition to Synovus’ obligation to effect the merger that Synovus receive an opinion from Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, dated as of the closing date, to the effect that the merger of Synovus with and into Newco will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. Accordingly, U.S. holders (as defined in the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger”) of Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock generally will not recognize any gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes on the exchange of Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock, as applicable, for Newco common stock in the merger, except for any gain or loss that may result to |
Q: | When is the merger expected to be completed? |
A: | Pinnacle and Synovus expect the merger to close in the first quarter of 2026. However, neither Pinnacle nor Synovus can predict the actual date on which the merger will be completed, or if the merger will be completed at all, because completion is subject to conditions and factors outside the control of both companies. Pinnacle and Synovus must first obtain the approval of holders of Pinnacle common stock and holders of Synovus common stock for the merger, as well as obtain necessary regulatory approvals and satisfy certain other closing conditions. |
Q: | What are the conditions to complete the merger? |
A: | The obligations of Pinnacle and Synovus to complete the merger are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain closing conditions contained in the merger agreement, including the receipt of required regulatory approvals and the expiration of all statutory waiting periods without the imposition of any materially burdensome regulatory condition, tax opinions, approval by Pinnacle shareholders of the Pinnacle merger proposal and approval by Synovus shareholders of the Synovus merger proposal. For more information, see “The Merger Agreement—Conditions to Complete the Merger” beginning on page 142. |
Q: | What happens if the merger is not completed? |
A: | If the merger is not completed, neither holders of Pinnacle common stock nor holders of Synovus common stock will receive any consideration for their shares of Pinnacle common stock and Synovus common stock, respectively, in connection with the merger. Instead, Pinnacle and Synovus will remain independent public companies, Pinnacle common stock and depositary shares in respect of Pinnacle series B preferred stock will continue to be listed and traded on the NASDAQ, Synovus common stock and Synovus preferred stock will continue to be listed and traded on the NYSE, and Newco will not complete the issuance of shares of Newco common stock and Newco preferred stock (or, as applicable, depositary shares in respect thereof) pursuant to the merger agreement. In addition, if the merger agreement is terminated in certain circumstances, a termination fee of $425 million will be payable by either Pinnacle or Synovus, as applicable. See “The Merger Agreement—Termination Fee” beginning on page 144 for a more detailed discussion of the circumstances under which a termination fee will be required to be paid. |
Q: | What happens if I sell my shares after the applicable record date but before my company’s special meeting? |
A: | Each of the Pinnacle and Synovus record date is earlier than the date of the Pinnacle special meeting and the Synovus special meeting, as applicable, and earlier than the date that the merger is expected to be completed. If you sell or otherwise transfer your shares of Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock, as applicable, after the applicable record date but before the date of the applicable special meeting, you will retain your right to vote at such special meeting (provided that such shares remain outstanding on the date of such special meeting), but, with respect to the Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock, you will not have the right to receive the merger consideration to be received by Pinnacle shareholders or Synovus shareholders, respectively, in connection with the merger. In order to receive the Pinnacle merger consideration or the Synovus merger consideration, you must hold your shares of Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock, as applicable, through the completion of the merger. |
Q: | Should I send in my stock certificates now? |
A: | No. Please do not send in your stock certificates with your proxy. After the merger is completed, an exchange agent mutually agreed upon by Pinnacle and Synovus (the “exchange agent”) will send you instructions for exchanging Pinnacle and Synovus stock certificates for the consideration to be received in the merger. See “The Merger Agreement—Conversion of Shares; Exchange of Stock Certificates” beginning on page 133. |
Q: | What should I do if I receive more than one set of voting materials for the same special meeting? |
A: | If you hold shares of Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock in “street name” and also directly in your name as a holder of record or otherwise or if you hold shares of Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock in more than one (1) brokerage account, you may receive more than one (1) set of voting materials relating to the same special meeting. |
Q: | Who can help answer my questions? |
A: | Pinnacle shareholders: If you have any questions about the merger or how to submit your proxy or voting instruction card, or if you need additional copies of this document or the enclosed proxy card or voting instruction card, you should contact Investor Relations at (615) 743-8219 or Pinnacle’s proxy solicitor, Okapi Partners LLC (“Okapi”), at the following address: 1212 Avenue of the Americas, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10036, or by calling toll-free at (877) 629-6355. |
Q: | Where can I find more information about Pinnacle and Synovus? |
A: | You can find more information about Pinnacle and Synovus from the various sources described under “Where You Can Find More Information” beginning on page 192. |
Q: | What is householding and how does it affect me? |
A: | The SEC permits companies to send a single set of proxy materials to any household at which two or more shareholders reside, unless contrary instructions have been received, but only if the applicable shareholders provide advance notice and follow certain procedures. In such cases, each shareholder continues to receive a separate notice of the meeting and proxy card. Certain brokerage firms may have instituted householding for beneficial owners of Pinnacle common stock and Synovus common stock, as applicable, held through brokerage firms. If your family has multiple accounts holding Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock, as applicable, you may have already received a householding notification from your broker. Please contact your broker directly if you have any questions or require additional copies of this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The broker will arrange for delivery of a separate copy of this joint proxy statement/prospectus promptly upon your written or oral request. You may decide at any time to revoke your decision to household, and thereby receive multiple copies. |
Pinnacle Common Stock | Synovus Common Stock | Implied Value of One Share of Pinnacle Common Stock | Implied Value of One Share of Synovus Common Stock | |||||||||
July 21, 2025 | $116.83 | $55.53 | $116.83 | $61.18 | ||||||||
September 26, 2025 | $96.00 | $49.98 | $96.00 | $50.28 | ||||||||
• | Mr. M. Terry Turner entered into a letter agreement pursuant to which he will serve as Chairman of the Newco board of directors and the Pinnacle Bank board of directors for two (2) years following the effective time and as a special advisor to the Chief Executive Officer of Newco for a period of two (2) years thereafter. Mr. Turner will receive (i) a $22,800,000 non-compete payment in consideration for the four (4)-year noncompete covenant contained in the letter agreement, payable within ten (10) days of closing, 75% of which is subject to repayment upon Mr. Turner’s material breach of his non-compete obligations, (ii) a success and continuity award of $8,500,000, payable twenty-six (26) months following the effective time, subject to Mr. Turner’s continued service through such date, (iii) cash compensation of $500,000 per year, and (iv) certain perquisites described more fully below. Mr. Turner will also receive the change in control severance to which he would be entitled in the event of an involuntary termination of employment under his existing employment agreement with Pinnacle, a pro-rata target bonus for the year in which the effective time occurs (based on a minimum of six months), and full vesting of any outstanding equity awards, with any performance-based awards deemed achieved based on maximum performance. |
• | Mr. Robert McCabe entered into a letter agreement pursuant to which he will serve as Vice Chairman of the Newco board of directors and Chief Banking Officer of Newco for one (1) year following the effective time, and will serve as a consultant to Newco for a period of three (3) years thereafter. Mr. McCabe will receive (i) a $8,100,000 non-compete payment in consideration for the four (4)-year non-compete covenant contained in the McCabe letter agreement, payable within ten (10) days of closing, 75% of which is subject to repayment upon Mr. McCabe’s material breach of his non-compete obligations, (ii) cash compensation of up to $5,890,000 during the first year of Mr. McCabe’s term, and an annual consulting fee of $400,000 for the three (3) years thereafter, and (iii) certain perquisites described more fully below. Mr. McCabe will also receive the change in control severance to which he would be entitled in the event of an involuntary termination of employment under his existing employment agreement with Pinnacle, a pro-rata target bonus for the year in which the effective time occurs (based on a minimum of six months), and full vesting of any outstanding equity awards, with any performance-based awards deemed achieved based on maximum performance. |
• | Each of the Pinnacle named executive officers is party to an employment agreement or CIC agreement that provides for change in control severance and benefits, as described in greater detail below. In connection with the merger, Pinnacle may amend such agreements (provided the executive officer has not otherwise entered into a new agreement with Pinnacle or the surviving entity) to (i) extend the period following the closing during which the executive officer is entitled to receive the change in control severance payments and benefits set forth in such agreement upon such executive officer’s |
• | In connection with the merger, Pinnacle intends to establish a retention program (the “Pinnacle retention program”), under which it may grant retention awards in the form of cash or Pinnacle RSU awards to employees; provided, that (i) awards under the Pinnacle retention program that are granted to named executive officers of Pinnacle will only be made with the prior written consent of Synovus, (ii) awards to senior managers, including executive officers of Pinnacle and any executives of Pinnacle who report directly to Pinnacle’s Chief Executive Officer, may not exceed $25,000,000 in the aggregate, and (iii) the minimum vesting period for awards granted under the Pinnacle retention program will be 24 months after the closing. |
• | Prior to the effective time, Pinnacle’s human resources and compensation committee may determine performance for its 2025 annual cash incentive plan and pay such incentives to eligible employees at the earlier of the ordinary course payment date and a date that is within five business days prior to the effective time and based on the greater of target and actual performance, subject to the applicable employee’s continued employment through the applicable payment date. |
• | If the closing has not occurred by January 15, 2026, Pinnacle may grant annual equity awards in respect of fiscal year 2026 (the “Pinnacle 2026 equity awards”) as described further below, provided that such awards will be solely in the form of time-based Pinnacle RSU awards with double trigger vesting (in some cases, prorated) upon a change in control. |
• | If the closing occurs prior to March 1, 2026, then any unpaid non-employee director cash fees and retainers for the period ending February 28, 2026 will be paid in full immediately prior to the closing or if the closing occurs on or after March 1, 2026, then any unpaid non-employee director cash fees and retainers for the period from March 1, 2026 through the closing may be paid in full immediately prior to the closing. |
• | At closing, certain of Pinnacle’s directors and executive officers will continue to serve as directors or executive officers, as applicable, of the combined company. |
• | Pinnacle’s directors and executive officers are entitled to continued indemnification and insurance coverage. |
• | Mr. Kevin S. Blair entered into an executive employment agreement with a term of two (2) years and one (1) day commencing on the closing date pursuant to which he will serve as President and Chief Executive Officer of Newco and Pinnacle Bank and serve as a member of the Newco board of directors and the Pinnacle Bank board of directors. Mr. Blair will also serve as Chairman of the Newco board of directors beginning on the second anniversary of the closing (or at such earlier date when Mr. Turner ceases to serve as Chairman). During the term of the employment agreement, Mr. Blair will receive an annual base salary of no less than $1,150,000, will be eligible for an annual cash incentive award with a target opportunity of 170% of his base salary and will be granted annual long-term incentive awards with a target grant date fair value of not less than $5,800,000. Upon Mr. Blair’s termination of employment by Newco without cause or by Mr. Blair for good reason during the term of the employment agreement, Mr. Blair would be entitled to the severance payments and benefits to which |
• | Mr. Andrew J. Gregory, Jr. entered into an executive employment agreement with a term of two (2) years and one (1) day commencing on the closing date pursuant to which he will serve as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Newco and Pinnacle Bank. During the term of the employment agreement, Mr. Gregory will receive an annual base salary of no less than $675,000, will be eligible for an annual cash incentive award with a target opportunity of 120% of his base salary and will be granted annual long-term incentive awards with a target grant date fair value of not less than $1,825,000. Upon Mr. Gregory’s termination of employment by Newco without cause or by Mr. Gregory for good reason during the term of the employment agreement, Mr. Gregory would be entitled to the severance payments and benefits to which he would be entitled in the event of an involuntary termination of employment under his existing change of control agreement with Synovus, and full vesting of any outstanding equity awards, with any performance-based awards deemed earned based on the greater of target and actual performance. |
• | In connection with the merger, Synovus intends to establish a retention program (the “Synovus retention program”), under which it may grant retention awards in the form of cash or Synovus RSU awards to employees; provided, that (i) awards under the Synovus retention program that are granted to executive officers of Synovus and any executives of Synovus who report directly to Synovus’ Chief Executive Officer will only be granted after the closing and may not exceed $30,000,000 in the aggregate, and (ii) the minimum vesting period for awards granted under the Synovus retention program will be 24 months after the closing. |
• | Prior to the effective time, Synovus’ compensation and human capital committee may determine performance for its 2025 annual incentive plans and programs and pay such bonuses to eligible employees at the earlier of the ordinary course bonus payment date and a date that is within five business days prior to the effective time and based on the greater of target and actual performance, subject to the applicable employee’s continued employment through the applicable payment date. |
• | If the Closing has not occurred by January 15, 2026, Synovus may grant annual equity awards in respect of fiscal year 2026 (the “Synovus 2026 equity awards”) as described further below, provided that such awards will be solely in the form of time-based Synovus RSU awards. |
• | At closing, certain of Synovus’ directors and executive officers will continue to serve as directors or executive officers, as applicable, of the combined company. |
• | Synovus’ directors and executive officers are entitled to continued indemnification and insurance coverage. |
• | the legacy Pinnacle directors—M. Terry Turner, Robert A. McCabe, Jr., and G. Kennedy Thompson, respectively, the President and Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman and a director of Pinnacle as of immediately prior to the effective time, and five (5) additional members of the Pinnacle board of directors as of immediately prior to the effective time, designated by Pinnacle (collectively, the “legacy Pinnacle directors” and, each, a “legacy Pinnacle director”); and |
• | the legacy Synovus directors—Kevin S. Blair and Tim E. Bentsen, respectively, the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, and President and the Lead Independent Director of Synovus as of immediately prior to the effective time, and five (5) additional members of the Synovus board of directors as of immediately prior to the effective time, designated by Synovus (collectively, the “legacy Synovus directors” and, each, a “legacy Synovus director”). |
• | the requisite Pinnacle vote and the requisite Synovus vote having been obtained. See “The Merger Agreement—Shareholder Meetings and Recommendation of Pinnacle’s and Synovus’ Boards of Directors” beginning on page 140 for additional information regarding the “requisite Pinnacle vote” and the “requisite Synovus vote”; |
• | the authorization for listing on NYSE, subject to official notice of issuance, of the Newco common stock, Newco preferred stock and Newco depositary shares to be issued in the merger; |
• | all requisite regulatory approvals having been obtained and remaining in full force and effect, and all statutory waiting periods in respect thereof having expired or been terminated, without the imposition of any materially burdensome regulatory condition. See “The Merger—Regulatory Approvals” beginning on page 126 for additional information regarding the “requisite regulatory approvals” and the “materially burdensome regulatory condition”; |
• | the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus is a part, and the absence of any stop order (or proceedings for such purpose initiated or threatened and not withdrawn); |
• | no order, injunction or decree by any court or governmental entity of competent jurisdiction or other legal restraint or prohibition preventing the consummation of the merger, the bank merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement being in effect, and no law, statute, rule, regulation, order, injunction or decree having been enacted, entered, promulgated or enforced by any governmental entity which prohibits or makes illegal the consummation of the merger, the bank merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement; |
• | the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the other party contained in the merger agreement as of the date on which the merger agreement was entered into and as of the date on which the merger is completed, subject to the materiality standards provided in the merger agreement (and the receipt by each party of an officers’ certificate from the other party to such effect); |
• | the performance by the other party in all material respects of all obligations, covenants and agreements required to be performed by it under the merger agreement at or prior to the date on which the merger is completed (and the receipt by each party of an officers’ certificate from the other party to such effect); and |
• | receipt by each party of an opinion of legal counsel to the effect that on the basis of facts, representations and assumptions set forth or referred to in such opinion, such party’s merger with and into Newco will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. |
• | by mutual written consent of Pinnacle and Synovus; |
• | by either Pinnacle or Synovus if any governmental entity that must grant a requisite regulatory approval has denied approval of the merger or the bank merger and such denial has become final and non-appealable or any governmental entity of competent jurisdiction has issued a final and non-appealable order, injunction, decree or other legal restraint or prohibition permanently enjoining or otherwise prohibiting or making illegal the merger or the bank merger, unless the failure to obtain a requisite regulatory approval is due to the failure of the party seeking to terminate the merger agreement to perform or observe its obligations, covenants and agreements under the merger agreement; or |
• | by either Pinnacle or Synovus if the merger has not been completed on or before July 24, 2026 (as such date may be extended in accordance with the terms of the merger agreement, the “termination date”), unless the failure of the merger to be completed by such date is due to the failure of the party seeking to terminate the merger agreement to perform or observe its obligations, covenants and agreements under the merger agreement; provided that, if all other conditions to the merger have been satisfied but not the conditions related to the receipt of all applicable regulatory approvals or the absence of any adverse orders, injunctions or restraints from government entities, the termination date will be automatically extended to October 24, 2026. The merger agreement further provides that, if the conditions to the merger are satisfied or waived prior to the termination date but the closing would occur after the termination date in accordance with the terms of the merger agreement (the “specified date”), then the termination date will automatically be extended to the specified date; |
• | by either Pinnacle or Synovus (provided that the terminating party is not then in material breach of any representation, warranty, obligation, covenant or other agreement contained in the merger agreement) if there is a breach of any of the obligations, covenants or agreements or any of the representations or warranties (or any such representation or warranty ceases to be true) set forth in the merger agreement on the part of the other party which either individually or in the aggregate would constitute, if occurring or continuing on the date the merger is completed, the failure of a closing condition of the terminating party and which is not cured within forty-five (45) days following written notice to the party committing such breach, or by its nature or timing cannot be cured during such period (or such fewer days as remain prior to the termination date); |
• | by Synovus, if: |
○ | Pinnacle or the Pinnacle board of directors (i) withholds, withdraws, modifies or qualifies in a manner adverse to Synovus its recommendation in this joint proxy statement/prospectus that the holders of Pinnacle common stock approve the merger agreement (the “Pinnacle board recommendation”); (ii) fails to make the Pinnacle board recommendation in this joint proxy statement/prospectus; (iii) adopts, approves, recommends or endorses an acquisition proposal (as defined below in “The Merger Agreement—Agreement Not to Solicit Other Offers” beginning on page 141) or publicly announces an intention to adopt, approve, recommend or endorse an acquisition proposal; (iv) fails to publicly and without qualification (A) recommend against any acquisition proposal or (B) reaffirm the Pinnacle board recommendation within ten (10) business days (or such fewer number of days as remains prior to the Pinnacle special meeting) after an acquisition proposal is made public or any request by Synovus to do so; or (v) publicly proposes to do any of the foregoing; or |
○ | Pinnacle or the Pinnacle board of directors breaches in any material respect its obligations relating to non-solicitation of acquisition proposals or its obligations related to shareholder approval and the Pinnacle board recommendation; or |
• | by Pinnacle, if: |
○ | Synovus or the Synovus board of directors (i) withholds, withdraws, modifies or qualifies in a manner adverse to Pinnacle its recommendation in this joint proxy statement/prospectus that the holders of Synovus common stock approve the merger agreement (the “Synovus board recommendation”); (ii) fails to make the Synovus board recommendation in this joint proxy statement/prospectus; (iii) adopts, approves, recommends or endorses an acquisition proposal or publicly announces an intention to adopt, approve, recommend or endorse an acquisition proposal; (iv) fails to publicly and without qualification (A) recommend against any acquisition proposal or (B) reaffirm the Synovus board recommendation within ten (10) business days (or such fewer number of days as remains prior to the Synovus special meeting) after an acquisition proposal is made public or any request by Pinnacle to do so; or (v) publicly proposes to do any of the foregoing; or |
○ | Synovus or the Synovus board of directors breaches in any material respect its obligations relating to non-solicitation of acquisition proposals or its obligations related to shareholder approval and the Synovus board recommendation. |
• | approve the Pinnacle merger proposal; |
• | approve the Pinnacle compensation proposal; and |
• | approve the Pinnacle adjournment proposal. |
• | approve the Synovus merger proposal; |
• | approve the Synovus compensation proposal; and |
• | approve the Synovus adjournment proposal. |
in thousands | Six months ended June 30, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | ||||
STATEMENTS OF INCOME | ||||||
Interest income | $3,064,057 | $6,199,083 | ||||
Interest expense | 1,241,067 | 2,806,988 | ||||
Net interest income | 1,822,990 | 3,392,095 | ||||
Provision for credit losses | 55,371 | 504,519 | ||||
Net interest income after provision for credit losses | 1,767,619 | 2,887,576 | ||||
Noninterest income | 474,484 | 610,782 | ||||
Noninterest expense | 1,280,513 | 2,621,213 | ||||
Income before income tax expense | 961,590 | 877,145 | ||||
Income tax expense | 198,182 | 153,474 | ||||
Net income | 763,408 | 723,671 | ||||
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest | 57 | (1,419) | ||||
Net income attributable to shareholders | 763,351 | 725,090 | ||||
Less: Preferred stock dividends | 30,314 | 58,095 | ||||
Net income available to common shareholders | $733,037 | $666,995 | ||||
Net income per common share, basic | $4.89 | $4.46 | ||||
Net income per common share, diluted | 4.88 | 4.44 | ||||
As of June 30, 2025 | |||
BALANCE SHEET | |||
Investment securities | $19,341,764 | ||
Loans, net | 78,465,188 | ||
Total assets | 117,393,821 | ||
Deposits | 94,889,055 | ||
Borrowings | 6,125,395 | ||
Total equity | 13,832,476 | ||
Pinnacle As Reported | Synovus As Reported | Pro Forma Combined | Pro Forma Equivalent Per Share Information(d) | |||||||||
For the six months ended June 30, 2025: | ||||||||||||
Basic earnings per share | $3.79 | $2.79 | $4.89 | $2.56 | ||||||||
Diluted earnings per share | 3.77 | 2.77 | 4.88 | 2.55 | ||||||||
Dividends declared per common share(a) | 0.48 | 0.78 | n/a | n/a | ||||||||
Book value per common share(b)(c) | 82.79 | 36.61 | 86.55 | 45.33 | ||||||||
a) | Proforma combined dividends declared per common share is not presented as the dividend policy for the combined company will be determined by the combined company’s board of directors following the completion of the merger. |
b) | The historical book value per common share is computed by dividing total shareholders’ equity (net of noncontrolling interests and preferred equity) by the number of common shares outstanding at the end of the period. |
c) | The unaudited pro forma combined book value per common share is computed by dividing total shareholders’ equity (net of noncontrolling interests and preferred equity) by the number of pro forma combined Newco shares outstanding at the end of the period. |
d) | The Synovus unaudited pro forma combined equivalent per share data was calculated by multiplying the unaudited pro forma combined per share data by the Synovus exchange ratio of 0.5237. |
in thousands | Pinnacle As Reported | Synovus As Reported | Pro Forma Adjustments | Note 4 | Pro Forma Combined | ||||||||||
ASSETS | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $2,990,004 | $2,845,696 | $(64,333) | A | $5,771,367 | ||||||||||
Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 93,293 | 6,620 | — | 99,913 | |||||||||||
Securities available for sale | 6,378,688 | 7,798,824 | — | 14,177,512 | |||||||||||
Securities held to maturity | 2,687,963 | 2,502,639 | (26,350) | B | 5,164,252 | ||||||||||
Loans held for sale | 211,593 | 153,037 | (397) | C | 364,233 | ||||||||||
Loans | 37,105,164 | 43,536,716 | (1,289,736) | D | 79,352,144 | ||||||||||
Less: allowance for loan losses | (422,125) | (464,831) | — | E | (886,956) | ||||||||||
Loans, net | 36,683,039 | 43,071,885 | (1,289,736) | 78,465,188 | |||||||||||
Premises, equipment, and software, net | 321,062 | 378,739 | 237,000 | F | 936,801 | ||||||||||
Goodwill | 1,848,904 | 480,440 | 1,415,311 | G | 3,744,655 | ||||||||||
Core deposits and other intangible assets, net | 19,506 | 29,063 | 1,190,537 | H | 1,239,106 | ||||||||||
Other assets | 3,567,399 | 3,789,842 | 73,553 | I | 7,430,794 | ||||||||||
Total assets | $54,801,451 | $61,056,785 | $1,535,585 | $117,393,821 | |||||||||||
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | |||||||||||||||
Non-interest bearing | $8,640,759 | $11,658,129 | $— | $20,298,888 | |||||||||||
Interest-bearing | 36,358,485 | 38,266,878 | (35,196) | J | 74,590,167 | ||||||||||
Total deposits | 44,999,244 | 49,925,007 | (35,196) | 94,889,055 | |||||||||||
Federal funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements, and other short-term borrowings | 258,454 | 85,327 | — | 343,781 | |||||||||||
Federal Home Loan Bank advances, subordinated debt, and other borrowings | 2,201,733 | 3,909,478 | 14,184 | K | 6,125,395 | ||||||||||
Other liabilities | 704,783 | 1,498,331 | — | 2,203,114 | |||||||||||
Total liabilities | 48,164,214 | 55,418,143 | (21,012) | 103,561,345 | |||||||||||
Shareholders’ equity: | |||||||||||||||
Preferred stock | 217,126 | 537,145 | 38,035 | L | 792,306 | ||||||||||
Common stock | 77,548 | 172,703 | (98,561) | L | 151,690 | ||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 3,131,498 | 3,992,061 | 2,833,751 | L | 9,957,310 | ||||||||||
Treasury stock | — | (1,359,113) | 1,359,113 | L | — | ||||||||||
Retained earnings | 3,429,363 | 3,014,111 | (3,297,045) | L | 3,146,429 | ||||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net | (218,298) | (739,221) | 739,221 | L | (218,298) | ||||||||||
Total shareholders’ equity | 6,637,237 | 5,617,686 | 1,574,514 | 13,829,437 | |||||||||||
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiary | — | 20,956 | (17,917) | M | 3,039 | ||||||||||
Total equity | 6,637,237 | 5,638,642 | 1,556,597 | 13,832,476 | |||||||||||
Total liabilities and equity | $54,801,451 | $61,056,785 | $1,535,585 | $117,393,821 | |||||||||||
in thousands, except per share data | Pinnacle As Reported | Synovus As Reported | Pro Forma Adjustments | Note 5 | Pro Forma Combined | ||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||
Loans | $1,116,225 | $1,307,918 | $93,784 | A | $2,517,927 | ||||||||||
Securities | 181,176 | 187,072 | 68,936 | B | 437,184 | ||||||||||
Other | 65,529 | 43,417 | — | 108,946 | |||||||||||
Total interest income | 1,362,930 | 1,538,407 | 162,720 | 3,064,057 | |||||||||||
Interest expense: | |||||||||||||||
Deposits | 558,007 | 560,634 | — | 1,118,641 | |||||||||||
Borrowings | 58,714 | 63,434 | (2,364) | D | 119,784 | ||||||||||
Other | 2,248 | 394 | — | 2,642 | |||||||||||
Total interest expense | 618,969 | 624,462 | (2,364) | 1,241,067 | |||||||||||
Net interest income | 743,961 | 913,945 | 165,084 | 1,822,990 | |||||||||||
Provision for credit losses | 41,205 | 14,166 | — | 55,371 | |||||||||||
Net interest income after provision for credit losses | 702,756 | 899,779 | 165,084 | 1,767,619 | |||||||||||
Noninterest income: | |||||||||||||||
Service charges on deposit accounts | 34,120 | 48,372 | — | 82,492 | |||||||||||
Investment securities gains (losses), net | (12,512) | — | — | (12,512) | |||||||||||
Other non-interest revenue | 202,275 | 202,229 | — | 404,504 | |||||||||||
Total noninterest income | 223,883 | 250,601 | — | 474,484 | |||||||||||
Noninterest expense: | |||||||||||||||
Salaries and other personnel expense | 353,335 | 377,692 | — | 731,027 | |||||||||||
Equipment and occupancy | 94,223 | 97,241 | 6,583 | G | 198,047 | ||||||||||
Amortization of intangibles | 2,817 | 5,255 | 88,262 | H | 96,334 | ||||||||||
Other noninterest expense | 111,558 | 143,547 | — | 255,105 | |||||||||||
Total noninterest expense | 561,933 | 623,735 | 94,845 | 1,280,513 | |||||||||||
Income before income tax expense (benefit) | 364,706 | 526,645 | 70,239 | 961,590 | |||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit) | 65,758 | 114,654 | 17,770 | J | 198,182 | ||||||||||
Net income | 298,948 | 411,991 | 52,469 | 763,408 | |||||||||||
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest | — | (738) | 795 | K | 57 | ||||||||||
Net income attributable to shareholders | 298,948 | 412,729 | 51,674 | 763,351 | |||||||||||
Less: Preferred stock dividends | 7,596 | 22,718 | — | 30,314 | |||||||||||
Net income available to common shareholders | $291,352 | $390,011 | $51,674 | $733,037 | |||||||||||
Net income per common share, basic | $3.79 | $2.79 | $4.89 | ||||||||||||
Net income per common share, diluted | 3.77 | 2.77 | 4.88 | ||||||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic | 76,809 | 139,783 | (66,703) | L | 149,889 | ||||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted | 77,212 | 140,770 | (67,690) | L | 150,292 | ||||||||||
in thousands, except per share data | Pinnacle As Reported | Synovus As Reported | Pro Forma Adjustments | Note 5 | Pro Forma Combined | ||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||||||
Loans | $2,221,063 | $2,773,457 | $169,524 | A | $5,164,044 | ||||||||||
Securities | 318,445 | 329,478 | 137,872 | B | 785,795 | ||||||||||
Other | 158,590 | 90,654 | — | 249,244 | |||||||||||
Total interest income | 2,698,098 | 3,193,589 | 307,396 | 6,199,083 | |||||||||||
Interest expense: | |||||||||||||||
Deposits | 1,203,455 | 1,329,932 | 35,196 | C | 2,568,583 | ||||||||||
Borrowings | 123,661 | 109,657 | (4,728) | D | 228,590 | ||||||||||
Other | 5,392 | 4,423 | — | 9,815 | |||||||||||
Total interest expense | 1,332,508 | 1,444,012 | 30,468 | 2,806,988 | |||||||||||
Net interest income | 1,365,590 | 1,749,577 | 276,928 | 3,392,095 | |||||||||||
Provision for credit losses | 120,589 | 136,685 | 247,245 | E | 504,519 | ||||||||||
Net interest income after provision for credit losses | 1,245,001 | 1,612,892 | 29,683 | 2,887,576 | |||||||||||
Noninterest income: | |||||||||||||||
Service charges on deposit accounts | 59,394 | 91,647 | — | 151,041 | |||||||||||
Investment securities gains (losses), net | (71,854) | (256,660) | — | (328,514) | |||||||||||
Other non-interest revenue | 383,638 | 404,617 | — | 788,255 | |||||||||||
Total noninterest income | 371,178 | 239,604 | — | 610,782 | |||||||||||
Noninterest expense: | |||||||||||||||
Salaries and other personnel expense | 621,031 | 737,467 | 72,015 | F | 1,430,513 | ||||||||||
Equipment and occupancy | 166,002 | 187,451 | 13,167 | G | 366,620 | ||||||||||
Amortization of intangibles | 6,254 | 11,609 | 194,018 | H | 211,881 | ||||||||||
Other noninterest expense | 241,683 | 311,016 | 59,500 | I | 612,199 | ||||||||||
Total noninterest expense | 1,034,970 | 1,247,543 | 338,700 | 2,621,213 | |||||||||||
Income before income tax expense (benefit) | 581,209 | 604,953 | (309,017) | 877,145 | |||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit) | 106,153 | 125,502 | (78,181) | J | 153,474 | ||||||||||
Net income | 475,056 | 479,451 | (230,836) | 723,671 | |||||||||||
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest | — | (3,009) | 1,590 | K | (1,419) | ||||||||||
Net income attributable to shareholders | 475,056 | 482,460 | (232,426) | 725,090 | |||||||||||
Less: Preferred stock dividends | 15,192 | 42,903 | — | 58,095 | |||||||||||
Net income available to common shareholders | $459,864 | $439,557 | $(232,426) | $666,995 | |||||||||||
Net income per common share, basic | $6.01 | $3.05 | $4.46 | ||||||||||||
Net income per common share, diluted | 5.96 | 3.03 | 4.44 | ||||||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic | 76,461 | 144,164 | (71,084) | L | 149,541 | ||||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted | 77,131 | 144,998 | (71,918) | L | 150,211 | ||||||||||
in thousands, except share and per share amounts | August 18, 2025 | 10% increase | 10% decrease | ||||||
Estimated Synovus shares outstanding(i) | 139,545,061 | 139,545,061 | 139,545,061 | ||||||
Exchange ratio | 0.5237 | 0.5237 | 0.5237 | ||||||
Total Newco common stock shares to be issued | 73,079,748 | 73,079,748 | 73,079,748 | ||||||
Price per share of Pinnacle common stock | $93.14 | $102.45 | $83.83 | ||||||
Preliminary consideration for common stock | $6,806,648 | $7,487,313 | $6,125,983 | ||||||
Consideration for equity awards(ii) | 26,123 | 26,123 | 26,123 | ||||||
Preferred stock fair value adjustment | 38,035 | 38,035 | 38,035 | ||||||
Total pro forma purchase price consideration | $6,870,806 | $7,551,471 | $6,190,141 | ||||||
Preliminary goodwill | $1,895,751 | $2,576,415 | $1,215,086 | ||||||
(i) | For purposes of the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet, the estimated merger consideration is based on the total number of shares of Synovus common stock issued and outstanding as of August 18, 2025 and the closing price per share of Pinnacle common stock on August 18, 2025. |
(ii) | Estimated based upon unvested restricted stock awards outstanding as of August 18, 2025. This preliminary estimate could differ significantly from the amounts presented due to movements in Pinnacle’s share price and changes in unvested awards. |
in thousands | |||
Synovus Net Assets at Fair Value | |||
Assets acquired: | |||
Cash and cash equivalents | $2,845,696 | ||
Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 6,620 | ||
Investment securities | 10,275,113 | ||
Loans held-for-sale | 152,640 | ||
Loans, net | 42,029,394 | ||
Premises, equipment, and software, net | 615,739 | ||
Other intangible assets | 1,219,600 | ||
Other assets | 3,767,568 | ||
Total assets acquired | 60,912,370 | ||
Liabilities assumed: | |||
Deposits | 49,889,811 | ||
Borrowings | 4,008,989 | ||
Other liabilities | 1,498,331 | ||
Total liabilities assumed | 55,397,131 | ||
Preferred stock | 537,145 | ||
Non-controlling interest | 3,039 | ||
Total liabilities and equity | 55,937,315 | ||
Net assets acquired | 4,975,055 | ||
Preliminary pro forma goodwill | 1,895,751 | ||
Estimated preliminary purchase price consideration | $6,870,806 | ||
A. | Adjustment to cash and cash equivalents for the payment of expected merger-related transaction and change in control costs. |
B. | Adjustment to securities classified as held to maturity to reflect the estimated fair value of the acquired investment securities. The adjustment includes the following: |
in thousands | June 30, 2025 | ||
Reversal of historical Synovus discount related to the conversion of securities from available for sale to held to maturity | $614,586 | ||
Estimate of fair value adjustment for held to maturity securities | (640,936) | ||
Net fair value pro forma adjustment | $(26,350) | ||
C. | Adjustment to loans held for sale to reflect the estimated fair value of acquired loans held for sale. |
D. | Adjustment to loans reflects estimated fair value adjustments, which include lifetime credit loss expectations for loans, current interest rates and liquidity. This fair value adjustment excludes certain immaterial loan portfolios such as credit cards. The adjustment includes the following: |
in thousands | June 30, 2025 | ||
Estimate of lifetime credit losses on acquired loans | $(464,831) | ||
Estimate of fair value related to current interest rate and liquidity | (1,042,491) | ||
Net fair value pro forma adjustments | (1,507,322) | ||
Gross up of Purchase Credit Deteriorated (“PCD”) loans for credit mark | 217,586 | ||
Net change to loans resulting from the merger | $(1,289,736) | ||
E. | Adjustments to the allowance for loan losses include the following: |
in thousands | June 30, 2025 | ||
Reversal of historical Synovus’ allowance for loan losses | $464,831 | ||
Establishment of the allowance for loan losses for PCD loans’ estimated lifetime losses | (217,586) | ||
Net pro forma transaction accounting adjustments to the allowance for loan losses | 247,245 | ||
Establishment of the allowance for loan losses for non-PCD loans’ estimated lifetime losses | (247,245) | ||
Net change to the allowance for loan losses resulting from the merger | $— | ||
F. | Adjustment to premises, equipment and software, net to reflect the estimated fair value of acquired premises and equipment. |
G. | Eliminate the historical Synovus goodwill of $480.4 million at the closing date and record estimated goodwill associated with the merger of $1.9 billion. |
H. | Eliminate the historical Synovus other intangible assets of $29.1 million at the closing date and record an estimated core deposit intangible of $1.0 billion and a wealth customer relationships intangible of $197.0 million related to the merger. |
I. | Adjustments to other assets include the following: |
June 30, 2025 | |||
in thousands | |||
Adjustment to reflect the preliminary estimated decrease to deferred tax assets resulting from proforma fair value adjustments for acquired financial assets and liabilities | $(22,274) | ||
Adjustment to reflect the preliminary estimated tax effect of other transaction adjustments | 95,827 | ||
Net pro forma transaction accounting adjustments to other assets | 73,553 | ||
J. | Adjustment to deposits to reflect the estimated fair value of certificates of deposits. |
K. | Adjustment to Federal Home Loan Bank advances, subordinated debt, and other borrowings to reflect the estimated fair value of Synovus long-term debt. |
L. | Adjustments to shareholders’ equity consist of the following: |
in thousands | Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Treasury Stock | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | ||||||||||||
Pro forma transaction accounting adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||
Elimination of Synovus historical equity balances | $— | $(172,703) | $(3,992,061) | $1,359,113 | $(3,014,111) | $739,221 | ||||||||||||
Issuance of shares of Newco common stock to Synovus common shareholders | — | 73,080 | 6,733,568 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
in thousands | Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Treasury Stock | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | ||||||||||||
Represents the estimated fair value adjustment to the Synovus Series D and Series E preferred stock and its conversion to Newco preferred stock | 38,035 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Represents the estimated consideration for equity awards | — | — | 26,123 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Establishment of the allowance for loan losses for non-PCD loans estimated lifetime losses net of tax | — | — | — | — | (184,692) | — | ||||||||||||
Issuance of shares of Newco common stock related to change in control equity issuance | — | 1,062 | 66,121 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Represents after-tax transaction fees and expenses related to the merger | — | — | — | — | (98,242) | — | ||||||||||||
Net pro forma transaction accounting adjustments to equity | $38,035 | $(98,561) | $2,833,751 | $1,359,113 | $(3,297,045) | $739,221 | ||||||||||||
M. | Adjustment to noncontrolling interest in subsidiary to reflect impact of purchase accounting adjustments related to Synovus noncontrolling interest. |
A. | Adjustments to interest income on loans of $93.8 million and $169.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended year ended December 31, 2024, respectively, to record the estimated accretion of the discount on acquired loans. Pro forma accretion was estimated using the effective interest method over a weighted average life of 5.5 years. |
B. | Adjustments to interest income on securities of $68.9 million and $137.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, respectively, to record the estimated accretion of the fair value adjustments to acquired available for sale and held to maturity securities. Pro forma accretion was based on the use of straight-line methodology, over an estimated approximate life of 8 years. |
C. | Adjustment to interest expense on deposits of $35.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to record the estimated accretion of the deposit discount on acquired interest-bearing deposits. Pro forma accretion was based on the use of straight-line methodology, using an estimated life of one year. |
D. | Adjustment to interest expense on borrowings of $(2.4) million and $(4.7) million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, respectively, to record the estimated amortization of the premium on long-term debt. Pro forma amortization was based on the use of straight-line methodology, using an estimated life of 3 years. |
E. | Adjustment to record provision expense on Synovus’ non-PCD loans of $247.2 million. |
F. | Adjustment to salaries and other personnel expense to reflect expected merger-related change in control payments of $72.0 million. |
G. | Adjustment to equipment and occupancy expense of $6.6 million and $13.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, respectively, to reflect increases of depreciation expense as a result of estimated fair value on acquired property. Pro forma depreciation was based on the use of straight-line methodology, using an average life of the depreciable assets of 18 years. |
H. | Net adjustments to intangible amortization of $88.3 million and $194.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, respectively, to eliminate Synovus amortization on other intangible assets and record estimated amortization of acquired other intangible assets. Core deposit intangibles will be amortized using the sum-of-the-years-digits method over ten years. Wealth customer relationship intangible assets will be amortized based on the use of straight-line methodology over ten years. |
Amortization Expense | ||||||||||||
in thousands | Estimated Fair Value | Useful Life (years) | Six months ended June 30, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | ||||||||
Core deposit intangible | $1,022,600 | $10 | $83,667 | $185,927 | ||||||||
Wealth customer relationship intangible | 197,000 | 10 | 9,850 | 19,700 | ||||||||
$1,219,600 | $93,517 | $205,627 | ||||||||||
Historical amortization expense | (5,255) | (11,609) | ||||||||||
Pro forma net adjustment to amortization | $88,262 | $194,018 | ||||||||||
Amortization for next five years | ||||||||||||
Remainder of 2025 | $93,517 | |||||||||||
2026 | 187,035 | |||||||||||
2027 | 168,442 | |||||||||||
2028 | 149,849 | |||||||||||
2029 | 131,256 | |||||||||||
I. | Adjustment to other noninterest expense to reflect expected merger-related transaction costs of $59.5 million. |
J. | Adjustment to income tax expense (benefit) to record the income tax effects of pro forma adjustments at the estimated combined statutory federal and state rate of 25.3%. |
K. | Adjustment to net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest to record the effects of pro forma adjustments that relate to Synovus noncontrolling interest. |
L. | Adjustments to weighted-average shares of Pinnacle common stock outstanding to eliminate weighted average shares of Synovus common stock outstanding and record shares of Newco common stock outstanding, calculated using an exchange ratio of 0.5237 per share for all shares. The calculation of weighted average shares outstanding for both basic and diluted earnings per share assumes that the shares issuable related to the merger have been outstanding for the entire periods presented. At this time, Pinnacle has not completed its analysis and calculations in sufficient detail related to eligible employee and vesting schedules in order to determine the impact to the diluted weighted average shares from the conversion of equity awards. |
Pro forma basic weighted average shares | Shares | |||||
in thousands | June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||
Historical Pinnacle weighted average shares outstanding, basic | 76,809 | 76,461 | ||||
Shares of Newco common stock to be issued to holders of Synovus common stock pursuant to the merger | 73,080 | 73,080 | ||||
Pro forma weighted average shares, basic | 149,889 | 149,541 | ||||
Historical Pinnacle weighted average shares outstanding, diluted | 77,212 | 77,131 | ||||
Shares of Newco common stock to be issued to holders of Synovus common stock pursuant to the merger | 73,080 | 73,080 | ||||
Pro forma weighted average shares, diluted | 150,292 | 150,211 | ||||
• | limit Newco’s ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements, acquisitions and general corporate or other purposes; |
• | restrict Newco from making strategic acquisitions or cause Newco to make non-strategic divestitures; |
• | restrict Newco from paying dividends to its shareholders; |
• | increase Newco’s vulnerability to general economic and industry conditions; and |
• | require a substantial portion of cash flow from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on Newco’s indebtedness and dividends on the preferred stock, thereby reducing Newco’s ability to use cash flows to fund its operations, capital expenditures and future business opportunities. |
• | the Pinnacle merger proposal; |
• | the Pinnacle compensation proposal; and |
• | the Pinnacle adjournment proposal. |
• | Vote required: Approval of the Pinnacle merger proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the Pinnacle merger proposal by the holders of Pinnacle common stock. Approval of the Pinnacle merger proposal is a condition to the completion of the merger. |
• | Effect of abstentions and broker non-votes: If you mark “ABSTAIN” on your proxy, fail to submit a proxy or vote virtually at the Pinnacle special meeting or fail to instruct your bank, broker or other nominee how to vote with respect to the Pinnacle merger proposal, it will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Pinnacle merger proposal. |
• | Vote required: Approval of the Pinnacle compensation proposal requires that the votes cast in favor of the proposal at the Pinnacle special meeting exceed the votes cast opposing the proposal at the Pinnacle special meeting Approval of the Pinnacle compensation proposal is not a condition to the completion of the merger. If the merger is completed, the merger-related compensation will be paid to Pinnacle’s named executive officers to the extent payable in accordance with the terms of the compensation agreements and arrangements even if holders of Pinnacle common stock fail to approve the advisory vote regarding the merger-related compensation. |
• | Effect of abstentions and broker non-votes: If you mark “ABSTAIN” on your proxy, fail to submit a proxy or vote virtually at the Pinnacle special meeting or fail to instruct your bank, broker or other nominee how to vote with respect to the Pinnacle compensation proposal, you will not be deemed to have cast a vote with respect to the Pinnacle compensation proposal and it will have no effect on the Pinnacle compensation proposal. |
• | Vote required: Approval of the Pinnacle adjournment proposal requires that the votes cast in favor of the proposal at the Pinnacle special meeting exceed the votes cast opposing the proposal at the Pinnacle special meeting. Approval of the Pinnacle adjournment proposal is not a condition to the completion of the merger. |
• | Effect of abstentions and broker non-votes: If you mark “ABSTAIN” on your proxy, fail to submit a proxy or vote virtually at the Pinnacle special meeting or fail to instruct your bank, broker or other nominee how to vote with respect to the Pinnacle adjournment proposal, you will not be deemed to have cast a vote with respect to the Pinnacle adjournment proposal and it will have no effect on the Pinnacle adjournment proposal. |
• | By telephone: by calling the toll-free number indicated on the accompanying proxy card and following the recorded instructions. |
• | Through the Internet: by visiting the website indicated on the accompanying proxy card and following the instructions. |
• | By completing and returning the accompanying proxy card in the enclosed postage-paid envelope. The envelope requires no additional postage if mailed in the United States. |
• | submitting a written notice of revocation to Pinnacle’s corporate secretary; |
• | granting a subsequently dated proxy; |
• | voting by telephone or the Internet at a later time; or |
• | attending virtually and voting at the Pinnacle special meeting. |
• | the Synovus merger proposal; |
• | the Synovus compensation proposal; and |
• | the Synovus adjournment proposal. |
• | Vote required: Approval of the Synovus merger proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the Synovus merger proposal by the holders of Synovus common stock. Approval of the Synovus merger proposal is a condition to the completion of the merger. |
• | Effect of abstentions and broker non-votes: If you mark “ABSTAIN” on your proxy, fail to submit a proxy or vote virtually at the Synovus special meeting or fail to instruct your bank, broker or other nominee how to vote with respect to the Synovus merger proposal, it will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Synovus merger proposal. |
• | Vote required: Approval of the Synovus compensation proposal requires the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the votes cast at the Synovus special meeting. Approval of the Synovus compensation proposal is not a condition to the completion of the merger. If the merger is completed, the merger-related compensation will be paid to Synovus’ named executive officers to the extent payable in accordance with the terms of the compensation agreements and arrangements even if holders of Synovus common stock fail to approve the advisory vote regarding the merger-related compensation. |
• | Effect of abstentions and broker non-votes: If you mark “ABSTAIN” on your proxy, fail to submit a proxy or vote virtually at the Synovus special meeting or fail to instruct your bank, broker or other nominee how to vote with respect to the Synovus compensation proposal, you will not be deemed to have cast a vote with respect to the Synovus compensation proposal and it will have no effect on the Synovus compensation proposal. |
• | Vote required: Approval of the Synovus adjournment proposal requires the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the Synovus common stock present or represented at the Synovus special meeting. Approval of the Synovus adjournment proposal is not a condition to the completion of the merger. |
• | Effect of abstentions and broker non-votes: If you mark “ABSTAIN” on your proxy or are present but fail to vote virtually at the Synovus special meeting or fail to instruct your bank, broker or other nominee how to vote with respect to the Synovus adjournment proposal, it will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Synovus adjournment proposal. |
• | By telephone: by calling the toll-free number indicated on the accompanying proxy card and following the recorded instructions. |
• | Through the Internet: by visiting the website indicated on the accompanying proxy card and following the instructions. |
• | By completing and returning the accompanying proxy card in the enclosed postage-paid envelope. The envelope requires no additional postage if mailed in the United States. |
• | submitting a written notice of revocation to Synovus’ corporate secretary; |
• | granting a subsequently dated proxy; |
• | voting by telephone or the Internet at a later time; or |
• | attending virtually and voting at the Synovus special meeting. |
• | each of Pinnacle’s and Synovus’ business, operations, financial condition, stock performance, asset quality, earnings and prospects, and legal and regulatory compliance. In reviewing these factors, including the information obtained through due diligence, the Pinnacle board considered Synovus’ financial condition and asset quality; that Pinnacle’s and Synovus’ respective businesses, operations and risk profiles complement each other; that the companies’ separate earnings and prospects create the opportunity for the combined company to leverage complementary and diversified revenue streams and to have superior future earnings and prospects compared to Pinnacle’s earnings and prospects on a standalone basis; |
• | the combined company’s position as one of the largest financial services organizations in the Southeast in terms of total consolidated assets, loans, deposits and revenues; |
• | the compatibility of Pinnacle’s and Synovus’ cultures, client-service models and credit philosophies; |
• | the current environment in the financial services industry, including economic conditions and the interest rate and regulatory environments, increased operating costs resulting from regulatory and compliance mandates, increasing competition from both banks and non-bank financial and financial technology firms, current financial market conditions and the likely effects of these factors on Pinnacle’s and the combined company’s potential growth, development, productivity and strategic options; |
• | the governance structure for the combined company, including that the board of directors of the combined company would contain substantial representation from both Pinnacles’ and Synovus’ boards and that Mr. Turner would serve for two years as Chairman of the boards of the combined company and the combined bank; |
• | Mr. Blair’s record as Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of Synovus and that Mr. Blair would serve as Chief Executive Officer and President of Pinnacle and succeed Mr. Turner as Chairman; |
• | Mr. McCabe’s service as Chief Banking Officer of the combined company for one year after the merger, which the Pinnacle board regarded as a crucial period for the integration of the two companies; |
• | the two companies’ agreement that the Pinnacle business model, including geographic structure, hiring philosophy and compensation system, which had been a key contributor to Pinnacle’s growth and shareholder returns, would be the business model for the combined company; |
• | the two companies’ approach to dealing with management, integration and other issues that can arise in a merger of equals transaction; |
• | Mr. Blair’s confirmation to the board that he intended to maintain the Pinnacle business model; |
• | the lack of interest that Pinnacle had received from financial institutions in acquiring Pinnacle, including following the outreach Pinnacle conducted in mid-2024 and then in the period between November 2024 and the end of February 2025, and their inability to pay a meaningful premium; |
• | counsel’s advice that the regulatory regime for banks that held $100 billion in assets was not likely to be a significant obstacle to regulatory approval of the merger, and, further, that the requirements of this regulatory regime were likely to be eased but that, for purposes of conservatism, the financial projections assumed full implementation of the requirements; |
• | the fact that the Federal Reserve Board has reported that approximately two-thirds of U.S. large financial institutions or “LFIs” have had examination ratings that made them presumptively ineligible for acquisitions and that a recent Federal Reserve Board proposal to modify the LFI ratings regime would not significantly increase the number of eligible financial institutions; |
• | Pinnacle’s past records of integrating acquisitions and of realizing expected financial and other benefits of such acquisitions; |
• | the anticipated pro forma financial impact of the merger on the combined company, including earnings, dividends, return on tangible common equity, tangible book value dilution (and earn-back period), asset quality, liquidity and regulatory capital levels; |
• | the expectation that the transaction would be generally tax-free for United States federal income tax purposes to Pinnacle’s shareholders; |
• | the strategic opportunities that were likely to be available to the combined company after the merger; |
• | the oral opinion of Centerview, subsequently confirmed in Centerview’s written opinion, to the effect that, as of the date of Centerview’s written opinion and subject to the matters set forth in its written opinion, the Pinnacle exchange ratio pursuant to the merger agreement was fair from a financial point of view to Pinnacle (other than certain excluded shares), as more fully described below in the section “—Opinion of Pinnacle’s Financial Advisor” beginning on page 21; |
• | the fact that the exchange ratios would be fixed, which the Pinnacle board believed was consistent with market practice for transactions of this type and with the strategic purpose of the transaction; |
• | the short-term and long-term social and economic effects on employees, customers and other constituents of Pinnacle and its subsidiaries, and on the communities within which Pinnacle and its subsidiaries operate; |
• | the agreement of Pinnacle and Synovus in the merger agreement that, for at least five years following the merger, the combined company will (i) continue to have a significant employee and operational presence in Nashville, Tennessee and Columbus, Georgia and (ii) maintain significant community engagement in the Nashville and Columbus metro areas following the merger not less than the current level of community engagement; |
• | its review and discussions with Pinnacle’s executive team concerning the due diligence examination of the operations, financial condition and regulatory compliance programs and prospects of Synovus; and |
• | its review with its financial advisors of the financial terms of the merger agreement and its review with its legal advisors of the other terms of the merger agreement, including the representations, covenants and termination provisions. |
• | the diversion of management focus and resources from other strategic opportunities and operational matters while working to implement the transaction and integrate the two companies; |
• | the possibility of encountering difficulties in achieving cost savings and synergies in the amounts currently estimated or within the time frame currently contemplated; |
• | the risk that Pinnacle’s business model may not be successfully replicated by the combined company; |
• | the possibility of encountering difficulties in successfully integrating the businesses, business models, compensation systems, operations and workforces of Pinnacle and Synovus; |
• | certain anticipated merger-related costs; |
• | the regulatory and other approvals required in connection with the merger and the bank merger and the risk that such regulatory approvals will not be received in a timely manner or at all or may impose unacceptable conditions; |
• | the potential for legal claims challenging the merger; |
• | the merger’s effect on the combined company’s regulatory capital levels; and |
• | the other risks described under the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” |
• | each of Synovus’ and Pinnacle’s business, operations, financial condition, stock performance, asset quality, earnings and prospects, and legal and regulatory compliance. In reviewing these factors, including the information obtained through due diligence, the Synovus board considered Pinnacle’s |
• | the current environment in the financial services industry, including economic conditions and the interest rate and regulatory environments, increased operating costs resulting from regulatory and compliance mandates, increasing competition from both banks and non-bank financial and financial technology firms, current financial market conditions and the likely effects of these factors on Synovus’ and the combined company’s potential growth, development, productivity and strategic options; |
• | the board’s consideration of the significant investments made by national and super-regional banks in the Southeast, where their scale has enabled them to attract deposits and talent; |
• | the board’s review of strategic alternatives including Synovus’ stand-alone strategy, a sale to a larger institution, a merger with a company of comparable size or an acquisition of a smaller institution, and analysis of potential partners’ financial viability and ability to pay, strategic fit, likely interest and ability to execute and the Board’s belief that the combination with Pinnacle is the best alternative for Synovus and its shareholders; |
• | the opportunity to accelerate Synovus’ execution of its strategic priorities, including in light of the Synovus board’s view of the importance of scale to future growth and innovation and the enhanced scale and reach that would benefit the combined company, including with respect to the attraction and retention of bankers and customers as well as technology investment; |
• | the combined company’s position as one of the largest financial services organizations in the Southeast in terms of total consolidated assets, loans, deposits and revenues with headquarters in Atlanta and Nashville, with the opportunity to become the leader in attracting top talent and commercial and business relationships in the region; |
• | the opportunity to employ Pinnacle’s high growth business model at the combined company and to accelerate growth compared to the challenges to organic growth across the financial services industry and relative to Synovus’ standalone prospects; |
• | the anticipated pro forma financial impact of the merger on the combined company, including earnings, dividends, return on tangible common equity, tangible book value dilution (and earn-back period), asset quality, liquidity and regulatory capital levels; |
• | the opportunity for multiple uplift for Synovus shareholders based on the higher Pinnacle trading multiple associated with the successful execution of its high growth business model; |
• | the fact that the exchange ratios would be fixed, which the Synovus board believed was consistent with market practice for transactions of this type and with the strategic purpose of the transaction; |
• | the fact that the fixed Synovus exchange ratio represents a 11.5% premium to the 30-day volume weighted average price, and a 10% premium (in each case on an unaffected basis calculated as of the last date prior to the July 22, 2025, Bloomberg article reporting that Synovus was considering a potential merger) and Synovus shareholders would own 48.5% of the combined company and participate in the future growth and synergies resulting from the transaction; |
• | the expectation that the transaction would be generally tax-free for United States federal income tax purposes to Synovus’ shareholders; |
• | the board’s thorough consideration of the risks and challenges associated with a merger of equals transaction and belief that the leadership, governance, cultural alignment and strategic plan of the combined company differentiated the transaction from other recent large merger of equals transactions in the financial services industry; |
• | the compatibility of Synovus’ and Pinnacle’s cultures, client-service models and credit philosophies; |
• | the governance structure for the combined company, including that the board of directors of the combined company would contain substantial representation from both Synovus’ and Pinnacle’s boards and the majority in favor of Pinnacle at closing would rebalance due to retirements during the first two years following closing, including that legacy Synovus directors would select the lead independent director while Mr. Turner serves as Chairman of the board; |
• | the executive leadership structure for the combined company, including that Mr. Blair would serve as Chief Executive Officer and President of the combined company and succeed Mr. Turner as Chairman after two years and Mr. Blair’s record as Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of Synovus; |
• | Mr. Turner’s role as Chairman in a non-executive capacity for two years and Mr. McCabe’s role as Vice Chairman and Chief Banking Officer of the combined company for one year after the merger which the Synovus board believed was the appropriate balance of providing transitional support during the integration while empowering Mr. Blair as the leader of the combined company following closing; |
• | the role of the Synovus management team in the regulatory approval process and its confidence in obtaining regulatory approval for the transaction; |
• | Synovus’ past record of risk management and compliance and the Synovus board’s view of Synovus’ preparedness for the transition to LFI status and evaluation of the costs, timeline and other impacts to the combined company as a result of transitioning to LFI status; |
• | the oral opinion of Morgan Stanley, subsequently confirmed in Morgan Stanley’s written opinion, to the effect that, as of the date of Morgan Stanley’s written opinion and subject to the various assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered, and qualifications and limitations on the review undertaken by Morgan Stanley as set forth in its written opinion, the Synovus exchange ratio pursuant to the merger agreement was fair from a financial point of view to the holders of Synovus common stock other than Pinnacle and its affiliates, as more fully described below in the section “—Opinion of Synovus’ Financial Advisor” beginning on page 22; |
• | the short-term and long-term social and economic effects on employees, customers and other constituents of Synovus and its subsidiaries, and on the communities within which Synovus and its subsidiaries operate; |
• | the agreement of Synovus and Pinnacle in the merger agreement that, for at least five years following the merger, the combined company will (i) continue to have a significant employee and operational presence in Nashville, Tennessee and Columbus, Georgia and (ii) maintain significant community engagement in the Nashville and Columbus metro areas following the merger not less than the current level of community engagement; |
• | its review and discussions with Synovus’ executive team concerning the due diligence examination of the operations, financial condition and regulatory compliance programs and prospects of Pinnacle; and |
• | its review with its financial advisors of the financial terms of the merger agreement and its review with its legal advisors of the other terms of the merger agreement, including the representations, covenants and termination provisions. |
• | the diversion of management focus and resources from other strategic opportunities and operational matters while working to implement the transaction and integrate the two companies; |
• | the possibility of encountering difficulties in achieving cost savings and synergies in the amounts currently estimated or within the time frame currently contemplated; |
• | the risks and challenges of successfully executing merger of equals transactions; |
• | the risk that Pinnacle’s business model may not be successfully replicated by the combined company; |
• | the possibility of encountering difficulties in successfully integrating the businesses, business models, compensation systems, operations and workforces of Synovus and Pinnacle including risks associated with employee attrition; |
• | the risk that the combined company’s transition to LFI status as a result of crossing $100 billion in assets may be more difficult or costly than anticipated, including with respect to the achievement of costs savings and the impact on profitability; |
• | certain anticipated merger-related costs; |
• | the regulatory and other approvals required in connection with the merger and the bank merger and the risk that such regulatory approvals will not be received in a timely manner or at all or may impose unacceptable conditions; |
• | the potential for legal claims challenging the merger; |
• | the merger’s effect on the combined company’s regulatory capital levels; and |
• | the other risks described under the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” |
• | a draft of the merger agreement dated July 24, 2025, referred to in this summary of Centerview’s opinion as the “draft merger agreement”; |
• | Annual Reports on Form 10-K of Pinnacle for the years ended December 31, 2024, December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; |
• | Annual Reports on Form 10-K of Synovus for the years ended December 31, 2024, December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; |
• | certain interim reports to shareholders and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q of Pinnacle and Synovus; |
• | certain publicly available research analyst reports for Pinnacle and Synovus; |
• | certain other communications from Pinnacle and Synovus to their respective shareholders; |
• | certain internal information relating to the business, operations, earnings, cash flow, assets, liabilities and prospects of Pinnacle, including certain financial forecasts, analyses and projections relating to Pinnacle derived from a consensus of certain publicly available research analyst reports for Pinnacle, with certain extrapolations prepared by management of Pinnacle and furnished to Centerview by Pinnacle for purposes of Centerview’s analysis, which are referred to in this summary of Centerview’s opinion as the “Pinnacle Forecasts” and which are collectively referred to in this summary of Centerview’s opinion as the “Pinnacle Internal Data”; |
• | certain cost savings and operating synergies projected by the management of Pinnacle to result from the Transaction furnished to Centerview by Pinnacle for purposes of Centerview’s analysis, which are referred to in this summary of Centerview’s opinion as the “Synergies”; |
• | certain internal information relating to the business, operations, earnings, cash flow, assets, liabilities and prospects of Synovus, which are referred to in this summary of Centerview’s opinion as the “Synovus Internal Data”; and |
• | certain financial forecasts, analyses and projections relating to Synovus derived from a consensus of certain publicly available research analyst reports for Synovus, with certain extrapolations prepared by management of Pinnacle and furnished to Centerview by Pinnacle for purposes of Centerview’s analysis, which are referred to in this summary of Centerview’s opinion as the “Synovus Forecasts.” |
Synovus Comparables | 2026E P/E | ||
BankUnited, Inc. | 11.2x | ||
BOK Financial Corporation | 12.0x | ||
Cadence Bancorporation | 10.4x | ||
Comerica Incorporated | 11.6x | ||
Cullen/Frost Bankers, Inc. | 14.5x | ||
F.N.B. Corporation | 9.4x | ||
First Horizon Corporation | 11.8x | ||
Hancock Whitney Corp. | 10.2x | ||
Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. | 13.3x | ||
SouthState Corporation | 10.7x | ||
UMB Financial Corporation | 9.6x | ||
Zions Bancorporation, National Association | 9.8x | ||
Pinnacle Comparables | 2026E P/E | ||
BankUnited, Inc. | 11.2x | ||
BOK Financial Corporation | 12.0x | ||
Cadence Bancorporation | 10.4x | ||
Comerica Incorporated | 11.6x | ||
Cullen/Frost Bankers, Inc. | 14.5x | ||
F.N.B. Corporation | 9.4x | ||
First Horizon Corporation | 11.8x | ||
Hancock Whitney Corp. | 10.2x | ||
SouthState Corporation | 10.7x | ||
Synovus Financial Corp. | 9.9x | ||
UMB Financial Corporation | 9.6x | ||
Zions Bancorporation, National Association | 9.8x | ||
2026E P/E | |||
Synovus | 9.0x – 11.0x | ||
Pinnacle | 11.0x – 14.0x | ||
Implied Equity Value Per Synovus Share | |||
2026E P/E | $50.75– $62.00 | ||
Implied Equity Value Per Pinnacle Share | |||
2026E P/E | $96.75 – $123.00 | ||
Range of Implied Exchange Ratios (excluding Synergies) | Range of Implied Ownership of Newco by Pinnacle Shareholders | |||||
2026E P/E | 0.8172x – 1.2693x | 46.5% – 57.5% | ||||
Dividend Discount Analysis | 0.7834x – 1.2497x | 45.5% – 57.1% | ||||
• | Synovus P/TBVps Regression Analysis. Centerview performed a regression analysis for the selected companies comparable to Synovus as described above in the section entitled “—Selected Public Comparable Companies Analysis” to review the relationship between (x) a multiple of price to tangible book value per share (referred to in this section as “P/TBVps”), and (y) the estimated 2026 return on average tangible common equity. From this analysis, Centerview then calculated regression-implied |
• | Synovus Historical Stock Price Trading Analysis. Centerview reviewed the historical range of trading prices of Synovus common stock for the 52-week period ending July 21, 2025 (the last unaffected trading day prior to the announcement of the Transaction), with trading prices ranging from $38.27 to $58.73. |
• | Synovus Analyst Price Target Analysis. Centerview reviewed analyst share price targets for Synovus common stock in recently published, publicly available research analysts’ reports, with share price targets ranging from $55.00 to $70.00. |
• | Pinnacle P/TBVps Regression Analysis. Centerview performed a regression analysis for the selected companies comparable to Pinnacle as described above in the section entitled “—Selected Public Comparable Companies Analysis” to review the relationship between (x) a P/TBVps multiple, and (y) the estimated 2026 return on average tangible common equity. From this analysis, Centerview then calculated regression-implied P/TBVps multiples ranging from 1.41x to 1.71x. Applying these ranges to Pinnacle’s tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2025, Centerview’s analysis indicated that the implied equity value per share of Pinnacle common stock, rounded to the nearest $0.25, ranged from $82.75 to $100.25. |
• | Pinnacle Historical Stock Price Trading Analysis. Centerview reviewed the historical range of trading prices of Pinnacle common stock for the 52-week period ending July 21, 2025 (the last unaffected trading day prior to the announcement of the Transaction), with trading prices ranging from $84.44 to $129.87. |
• | Pinnacle Analyst Price Target Analysis. Centerview reviewed analyst share price targets for Pinnacle common stock in recently published, publicly available research analysts’ reports, with share price targets ranging from $117.00 to $145.00. |
1) | Reviewed certain publicly available financial statements and other business and financial information of Synovus and Pinnacle, respectively; |
2) | Reviewed certain internal financial statements and other financial and operating data concerning Synovus and Pinnacle, respectively; |
3) | Reviewed mean Wall Street consensus estimates for Synovus and Pinnacle for years 2025 through 2027 and extrapolations thereof prepared based on guidance from management of Synovus and approved for Morgan Stanley’s use by management of Synovus (the “Street Forecasts”); |
4) | Reviewed information relating to certain strategic, financial and operational benefits anticipated from the Merger prepared by the managements of Synovus and Pinnacle (the “Projected Synergies”); |
5) | Discussed the past and current operations and financial condition and the prospects of Synovus and Pinnacle, including information relating to the Projected Synergies, with senior executives of Synovus and Pinnacle; |
6) | Reviewed the pro forma impact of the Merger on the combined company’s earnings per share, cash flow, consolidated capitalization and certain financial ratios; |
7) | Reviewed the reported prices and trading activity for the Synovus common stock and the Pinnacle common stock; |
8) | Compared the financial performance of Synovus and Pinnacle and the prices and trading activity of the Synovus common stock and the Pinnacle common stock with that of certain other publicly-traded companies comparable with Synovus and Pinnacle, respectively, and their securities; |
9) | Participated in certain discussions and negotiations among representatives of Synovus and Pinnacle and their financial and legal advisors; |
10) | Reviewed the merger agreement and certain related documents; and |
11) | Performed such other analyses reviewed such other information and considered such other factors as Morgan Stanley deemed appropriate. |
• | Associated Banc-Corp |
• | Bank OZK |
• | BOK Financial Corporation |
• | Cadence Bank |
• | Columbia Banking System, Inc. |
• | Comerica Incorporated |
• | Cullen/Frost Bankers, Inc. |
• | East West Bancorp, Inc. |
• | First Horizon Corporation |
• | F.N.B Corporation |
• | Old National Bancorp |
• | Prosperity Bancshares, Inc. |
• | SouthState Corporation |
• | UMB Financial Corporation |
• | Valley National Bancorp |
• | Webster Financial Corporation |
• | Western Alliance Bancorporation |
• | Wintrust Financial Corporation |
• | multiple of price to estimated earnings per share for 2026, or Price/2026E EPS; |
• | multiple of price to estimated earnings per share for 2027, or Price/2027E EPS; and |
• | multiple of price to tangible book value per share, or Price/TBV. |
Selected Companies | ||||||||||||||||||
Bottom Quartile | Median | Top Quartile | Maximum Value | Synovus | Pinnacle | |||||||||||||
Price/2026E EPS | 8.7x | 10.0x | 11.4x | 14.6x | 9.9x | 13.3x | ||||||||||||
Price/2027E EPS | 8.1x | 9.3x | 10.4x | 14.9x | 8.9x | 12.2x | ||||||||||||
Price/TBV | 1.4x | 1.6x | 1.8x | 2.7x | 1.7x | 2.0x | ||||||||||||
Synovus Metric | Multiple Range | Implied Value Per Share of Synovus common stock(1) | |||||||
Price/2026E EPS | $5.63 | 8.7x – 11.4x | $49.25 - $64.00 | ||||||
Price/2027E EPS | $6.26 | 8.1x – 10.4x | $50.75 - $65.00 | ||||||
Price/TBV | $32.93 | 1.4x – 1.8x | $45.25 - $59.00 | ||||||
(1) | Rounded to the nearest $0.25 |
Pinnacle Metric | Multiple Range | Implied Value Per Share of Pinnacle common stock(1) | |||||||
Price/2026E EPS | $8.79 | 10.0x – 14.6x | $88.00 - $128.50 | ||||||
Price/2027E EPS | $9.59 | 9.3x – 14.9x | $89.00 - $142.50 | ||||||
Price/TBV | $58.68 | 1.6x – 2.7x | $93.25 - $158.50 | ||||||
(1) | Rounded to the nearest $0.25 |
Metric | Implied Exchange Ratio | ||
Price/2026E EPS | 0.3838x – 0.7270x | ||
Price/2027E EPS | 0.3563x – 0.7320x | ||
Price/TBV | 0.2846x – 0.6328x | ||
Regression Analysis: ROATCE (2026E) vs. Price/TBV | 0.4232x – 0.6322x | ||
Synovus ($MM) | Pinnacle ($MM) | Pro Forma(1) ($MM) | Implied Exchange Ratio | Relative Contribution | ||||||||||||||
Fully-Diluted Market Value | Synovus | Pinnacle | ||||||||||||||||
As of July 21, 2025 | 7,827 | 9,173 | 17,000 | 0.4753 | 46% | 54% | ||||||||||||
As of July 23, 2025(2) | 7,898 | 8,402 | 16,299 | 0.5237 | 48% | 52% | ||||||||||||
Balance Sheet | ||||||||||||||||||
Loans | 43,690 | 37,317 | 81,007 | 0.6522 | 54% | 46% | ||||||||||||
Deposits | 49,925 | 44,999 | 94,924 | 0.6181 | 53% | 47% | ||||||||||||
Common Equity | 5,081 | 6,420 | 11,501 | 0.4409 | 44% | 56% | ||||||||||||
Tangible Common Equity | 4,571 | 4,552 | 9,123 | 0.5595 | 50% | 50% | ||||||||||||
Income Statement | ||||||||||||||||||
2025E Consensus Net Income | 768 | 617 | 1,385 | 0.6929 | 55% | 45% | ||||||||||||
2026E Consensus Net Income | 766 | 681 | 1,447 | 0.6266 | 53% | 47% | ||||||||||||
2027E Consensus Net Income | 818 | 741 | 1,559 | 0.6148 | 52% | 48% | ||||||||||||
(1) | Excludes pro forma impacts of the merger |
(2) | Includes Synovus Premium implied by Synovus exchange ratio |
- | Synovus Discounted Analyst Price Targets. Morgan Stanley reviewed and analyzed future public market trading price targets for Synovus common stock prepared and published by nineteen equity research analysts prior to July 21, 2025. The undiscounted analyst price targets for the Synovus common stock ranged from $55.00 to $70.00 per share. Morgan Stanley discounted the analyst price targets for one year back to July 21, 2025 at a rate of 12.1%, which discount rate was selected by Morgan Stanley based upon the application of its professional judgment and experience and the capital asset pricing model, to reflect Synovus’ cost of equity based on market data as of July 21, 2025. This analysis indicated a range of implied values per share of Synovus common stock of approximately $49.00 to $62.50. Morgan Stanley compared this range to (i) the Synovus Current Share Price of $57.93 and (ii) the Synovus Unaffected Share Price of $55.53. |
- | Pinnacle Discounted Analyst Price Targets. Morgan Stanley reviewed and analyzed future public market trading price targets for Pinnacle common stock prepared and published by ten equity research analysts prior to July 21, 2025. The undiscounted analyst price targets for the Pinnacle common stock ranged from $117.00 to $145.00 per share. Morgan Stanley discounted the analyst price targets for one year back to July 21, 2025 at a rate of 11.5%, which discount rate was selected by Morgan Stanley based upon the application of its professional judgment and experience and the capital asset pricing model, to reflect Pinnacle’s cost of equity based on market data as of July 21, 2025. This analysis indicated a range of implied values per share of Pinnacle common stock of $105.00 to $130.00. Morgan Stanley compared this range to (i) the Pinnacle Current Share Price of $107.00 and (ii) the Pinnacle Unaffected Share Price of $116.83. |
- | Discounted Analyst Price Targets Based Exchange Ratio. Based on the standalone ranges of implied value per share of Synovus common stock and Pinnacle common stock described above, Morgan Stanley calculated the exchange ratio range implied by the discounted analyst price targets analyses. Morgan Stanley calculated (i) the ratio of the highest implied value per share of Synovus common stock to the lowest implied value per share of Pinnacle common stock and (ii) the ratio of the lowest implied value per share of Synovus common stock to the highest implied value per share of Pinnacle common stock, in each case as derived from the discounted analyst price targets analyses described above. The result of this analysis was an implied exchange ratio range of 0.3774x to 0.5953x. Morgan Stanley compared this range of implied exchange ratios to the Synovus exchange ratio of 0.5237x as provided for in the merger agreement. |
2025E | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E | 2030E | |||||||||||||
Income Statement | ||||||||||||||||||
Net Income to Common ($ millions) | $617 | $681 | $741 | $808 | $881 | $960 | ||||||||||||
Earnings Per Share ($) | $7.99 | $8.79 | $9.59 | $10.46 | $11.40 | $12.42 | ||||||||||||
Balance Sheet | ||||||||||||||||||
Total Assets ($ millions) | $56,794 | $61,611 | $67,336 | $72,723 | $78,541 | $84,824 | ||||||||||||
Capital | ||||||||||||||||||
Risk-Weighted Assets ($ millions) | $46,029 | $49,932 | $54,572 | $58,938 | $63,653 | $68,745 | ||||||||||||
• | NIAT to Common: Reflects approximately 9% growth per annum in 2028 through 2030. |
• | Earnings Per Share: Reflects approximately 9% growth per annum in 2028 through 2030. |
• | Total Assets: Reflects approximately 8% growth per annum in 2028 through 2030. |
• | Risk-Weighted Assets: Reflects approximately 8% growth per annum in 2028 through 2030. |
2025E | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E | 2030E | |||||||||||||
Income Statement | ||||||||||||||||||
Net Income to Common ($ millions) | $768 | $766 | $818 | $867 | $919 | $974 | ||||||||||||
Earnings Per Share ($) | $5.50 | $5.63 | $6.26 | $6.64 | $7.03 | $7.46 | ||||||||||||
Balance Sheet | ||||||||||||||||||
Total Assets ($ millions) | $62,445 | $65,027 | $67,689 | $70,396 | $73,212 | $76,141 | ||||||||||||
Capital | ||||||||||||||||||
Risk-Weighted Assets ($ millions) | $49,774 | $51,832 | $53,953 | $56,112 | $58,356 | $60,690 | ||||||||||||
• | NIAT to Common: Reflects approximately 6% growth per annum in 2028 through 2030. |
• | Earnings Per Share: Reflects approximately 6% growth per annum in 2028 through 2030. |
• | Total Assets: Reflects approximately 4% growth per annum in 2028 through 2030. |
• | Risk-Weighted Assets: Reflects approximately 4% growth per annum in 2028 through 2030. |
Name | Position | ||
M. Terry Turner | President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
Robert A. McCabe, Jr | Chairman of the Board and Chairman of Tennessee | ||
Richard D. Callicutt, II | Chairman of the Carolinas and Virginia | ||
Harold R. Carpenter, Jr. | Chief Financial Officer | ||
Charissa D. Sumerlin | Chief Credit Officer | ||
J. Harvey White(1) | Former Interim Chief Credit Officer and Former Senior Credit Officer | ||
(1) | Mr. White retired from Pinnacle on June 30, 2025. |
• | the effective time will occur on August 22, 2025 (which is the assumed date solely for purposes of this golden parachute compensation disclosure); |
• | each of Pinnacle’s named executive officers will experience a qualifying termination under their employment agreements or CIC agreements, as applicable, at such time (provided, that this is only an assumption and not indicative of events expected to occur at the effective time); |
• | the relevant price per share of Pinnacle common stock is $90.72 (the average closing market price of Pinnacle common stock over the first five (5) business days following the public announcement of the merger on July 24, 2025); |
• | for purposes of the unvested Pinnacle PSU awards set forth in the table, awards vest at the maximum performance level in accordance with the terms of the merger agreement; and |
• | for the unvested Pinnacle RSU awards and Pinnacle PSU awards set forth in the table, associated dividend equivalent rights accrued thereon are included. |
Name | Cash ($)(1) | Equity ($)(2) | Perquisites / benefits ($)(3) | Total ($)(4) | ||||||||
M. Terry Turner | $ 10,440,500 | $19,675,848 | $40,000 | $30,156,348 | ||||||||
Robert A. McCabe, Jr. | $9,916,813 | $18,692,813 | $40,000 | $28,649,626 | ||||||||
Richard D. Callicutt, II | $5,603,325 | $7,354,528 | $40,000 | $12,997,853 | ||||||||
Harold R. Carpenter, Jr. | $4,395,300 | $5,571,281 | $40,000 | $10,006,581 | ||||||||
Charissa D. Sumerlin | $2,042,151 | $1,084,559 | $— | $3,126,710 | ||||||||
J. Harvey White(5) | $— | $684,284 | $— | $684,254 | ||||||||
(1) | Cash. The cash amounts payable to each of Messrs. Turner, McCabe, Callicutt and Carpenter consist of three (3) times the sum of the applicable named executive officer’s base salary and target bonus, which amounts are payable pursuant to the applicable named executive officer’s employment agreement if, within twelve (12) months following the closing, such named executive officer’s employment with the surviving entity is terminated by the surviving entity without “cause” or by the named executive officer for “cause” (each as defined in the applicable employment agreement). The cash amounts payable to Ms. Sumerlin consist of two (2) times the sum of her base salary and target bonus. The severance amounts described herein are “double trigger” and payable only upon the named executive officer’s qualifying termination within twelve (12) months following the closing. Additionally, the amounts in this column include a 2025 bonus, payable to each named executive officer upon the closing, with performance deemed achieved at 125% of the target level (which reflects estimated actual performance). Such bonus amounts are “single trigger” and therefore payable irrespective of whether or not the named executive officer experiences a qualifying termination under his or her change of control agreement. For further information, see “—Interests of Certain Pinnacle Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger—Annual Incentive Payments for Pinnacle’s 2025 Fiscal Year” beginning on page 23. |
Name | 2025 Bonus ($) | Cash Severance ($) | Total ($) | ||||||
M. Terry Turner | $1,962,500 | $8,478,000 | $10,440,500 | ||||||
Robert A. McCabe, Jr. | $1,864,063 | $8,052,750 | $9,916,813 | ||||||
Richard D. Callicutt, II | $923,625 | $4,679,700 | $5,603,325 | ||||||
Harold R. Carpenter, Jr. | $724,500 | $3,670,800 | $4,395,300 | ||||||
Charissa D. Sumerlin | $387,750 | $1,654,401 | $2,042,151 | ||||||
J. Harvey White | $— | $— | $— | ||||||
(2) | Equity. As described above, pursuant to the merger agreement, the named executive officer’s Pinnacle equity awards (other than Pinnacle RSU awards granted after July 24, 2025 (the date of the merger agreement)) shall “single-trigger” vest upon the closing and shall be converted into the right to receive (i) a number of shares of Newco common stock equal to the number of shares underlying such Pinnacle equity award (with such number of shares underlying Pinnacle PSU awards determined based on maximum performance) and (ii) an amount in cash equal to the amount of accrued but unpaid dividend equivalents with respect to such award, as set forth in greater detail in “The Merger Agreement—Treatment of Pinnacle Equity Awards” beginning on page 132. Set forth below are the separate values of each type of unvested equity award held by each of Pinnacle’s named executive officers and the aggregate dividend equivalent rights accrued thereon that, in each case, would vest upon the closing. None of Pinnacle’s named executive officers holds options to purchase Pinnacle common stock or unvested Pinnacle restricted stock awards. Treatment of all such equity awards is “single trigger” and payments in respect of such awards are payable upon the closing. |
Name | Pinnacle RSU Awards ($) | Pinnacle PSU Awards ($) | Pinnacle Dividend Equivalent Rights ($) | Total ($) | ||||||||
M. Terry Turner | $1,875,455 | $17,479,295 | $321,098 | $19,675,848 | ||||||||
Robert A. McCabe, Jr. | $1,781,741 | $16,606,024 | $305,048 | $18,692,813 | ||||||||
Richard D. Callicutt, II | $698,090 | $6,535,832 | $120,606 | $7,354,528 | ||||||||
Harold R. Carpenter, Jr. | $535,974 | $4,945,329 | $89,979 | $5,571,281 | ||||||||
Charissa D. Sumerlin | $164,475 | $913,641 | $6,443 | $1,084,559 | ||||||||
J. Harvey White | $— | $673,777 | $10,507 | $684,284 | ||||||||
(3) | Benefits. In the case of Messrs. Turner, McCabe, Carpenter and Callicutt, reflects the value of (a) continued health insurance plan benefits provided to the named executive officer and his immediate family members for a period of three (3) years and (b) tax assistance, advice and filing preparation services for three (3) years at a cost to Pinnacle not to exceed $2,500 per year. |
(4) | 280G. Messrs. Turner, McCabe and Carpenter’s employment agreements provide them with an entitlement to a gross-up payment covering any excise taxes imposed by Section 4999 of the Code and Mr. Callicutt’s employment agreement provides that the change in control benefits payable pursuant to such agreements are subject to reduction to avoid the imposition of excise taxes under Section 4999 of the Code in the event such reduction would result in a better after-tax result for Mr. Callicutt. Because the merger is not expected to constitute a change in control of Pinnacle with respect to Sections 280G or 4999 of the Code, the amounts above do not reflect any gross up payments or reductions under those provisions. |
(5) | Mr. White, who is included in this table as a named executive officer of Pinnacle, retired from Pinnacle on June 30, 2025 prior to the assumed effective date, and is no longer employed by Pinnacle. Except for certain Pinnacle PSU Awards held by Mr. White that |
• | the effective time will occur on August 22, 2025 (which is the assumed date solely for purposes of the disclosure in this section); |
• | each of Synovus’ executive officers will experience a termination without “cause” or for “good reason” (a “qualifying termination”) under his or her change of control agreement at such time (provided, that this is only an assumption and not indicative of events expected to occur at the effective time); |
• | the relevant price per share of Synovus common stock is $48.53 (the average closing market price of Synovus common stock over the first five (5) business days following the public announcement of the merger on July 24, 2025); and |
• | unvested Synovus PSU awards vest at the maximum performance level in accordance with the terms of the merger agreement. |
Name | Position | ||
Kevin S. Blair | President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
Andrew J. Gregory, Jr. | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||
Kevin J. Howard | Executive Vice President and Chief Wholesale Banking Officer | ||
D. Wayne Akins | Executive Vice President and Chief Community Banking and Wealth Services Officer | ||
Zack Bishop | Executive Vice President and Head of Technology, Operations and Security | ||
Name | Cash ($)(1) | Equity ($)(2) | Perquisites / benefits ($)(3) | Gross-ups ($)(4) | Total ($) | ||||||||||
Kevin S. Blair | $11,696,650 | $13,549,067 | $74,901 | — | $25,320,618 | ||||||||||
Andrew J. Gregory, Jr. | $5,272,740 | $3,800,481 | $74,901 | — | $9,148,122 | ||||||||||
Kevin J. Howard | $3,972,351 | $2,753,010 | $49,934 | $2,732,106 | 9,507,401 | ||||||||||
D. Wayne Akins | $2,810,209 | $2,650,684 | $49,934 | — | $5,510,827 | ||||||||||
Zack Bishop | $2,753,149 | $2,446,931 | $49,934 | — | $5,250,014 | ||||||||||
(1) | Cash. The cash severance amounts payable to each of the named executive officers equals three (3) times (or two (2) times for Messrs. Akins and Bishop) the sum of the applicable named executive officer’s base salary and the average of the actual bonuses paid to each executive in 2022, 2023 and 2024. Such cash severance amounts are “double-trigger” and therefore payable pursuant to the applicable named executive officer’s change of control agreement if, within twenty-four (24) months following the closing, such named executive officer’s employment with the surviving entity is terminated by the surviving entity without “cause” or by the named executive officer for “good reason” (each as defined in the applicable change of control agreement). For further information, see “Interests of Certain Synovus Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger—Change of Control Agreements.” Additionally, the amounts in this column include a 2025 bonus, payable to each named executive officer upon the closing, with performance deemed achieved at 150% of the target level (which reflects estimated actual performance). Such bonus amounts are “single trigger” and therefore payable irrespective of whether or not the named executive officer experiences a qualifying termination under his or her change of control agreement. For further information, see “Interests of Certain Synovus Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger—Annual Incentive Payments for Pinnacle’s 2025 Fiscal Year” beginning on page 114. |
Name | Cash Severance ($) | 2025 Bonus ($) | Total ($) | ||||||
Kevin S. Blair | $9,367,900 | $2,328,750 | $11,696,650 | ||||||
Andrew J. Gregory, Jr. | $4,381,740 | $891,000 | $5,272,740 | ||||||
Kevin J. Howard | $3,334,757 | $637,594 | $3,972,351 | ||||||
D. Wayne Akins | $2,184,709 | $625,500 | $2,810,209 | ||||||
Zack Bishop | $2,144,524 | $608,625 | $2,753,149 | ||||||
(2) | Equity. The values set forth in the golden parachute table include accelerated vesting of Synovus RSU awards upon a qualifying termination of employment following a change of control of Synovus; this accelerated vesting is a “double trigger” benefit and is triggered only upon a qualifying termination of employment following a change of control of Synovus. The values also include the accelerated vesting of Synovus PSU awards upon the effective time, determined assuming the achievement of maximum performance; this accelerated vesting is a “single trigger” benefit. For further details regarding the treatment of Synovus equity awards in connection with the transaction, see “Interests of Certain Synovus Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger—Treatment of Outstanding Equity Awards”. The estimated values of such awards are shown in the following table: |
Name | Synovus RSU Awards ($) | Synovus PSU Awards ($) | Total ($) | ||||||
Kevin S. Blair | $ 3,059,380 | $ 10,489,687 | $ 13,549,067 | ||||||
Andrew J. Gregory, Jr. | $864,805 | $2,935,677 | $3,800,481 | ||||||
Kevin J. Howard | $606,431 | $2,146,579 | $2,753,010 | ||||||
D. Wayne Akins | $583,961 | $2,066,723 | $2,650,684 | ||||||
Zack Bishop | $539,120 | $1,907,811 | $2,446,931 | ||||||
(3) | Benefits. Consists of estimated cost of the continued provision of health and welfare benefits for a period of three (3) years (or two (2) years for Messrs. Akins and Bishop) post-termination to each of the named executive officers (and, as applicable, each named executive officer’s eligible dependents). Such benefit is “double trigger” and is provided only upon a qualifying termination of employment following a change in control of Synovus (see “Interests of Certain Synovus Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger—Change of Control Agreements”).Incentive Payments for Synovus’ 2025 Fiscal Year.” |
(4) | Gross-ups. Pursuant to his change of control agreement with Synovus, Mr. Howard is entitled to a gross-up to offset any excise tax obligation applicable under Section 4999 of the Code in excess of 110% of the cap that would arise from the payment of golden parachute payments to Mr. Howard. The amount reported in this table reflects the amount of the payment that would be required to put Mr. Howard in the same economic position had his golden parachute payments not been subject to the excise tax. Amounts reported in this table do not reflect the impact of any cutback that may apply to the payments and benefits of Messrs. Akins and Bishop in the event that the excise tax applicable under Section 4999 of the Code would otherwise apply. |
• | the legacy Pinnacle directors—M. Terry Turner, Robert A. McCabe, Jr., and G. Kennedy Thompson, respectively, the President and Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman and a director of Pinnacle as of immediately prior to the effective time, and five (5) additional members of the Pinnacle board of directors as of immediately prior to the effective time, designated by Pinnacle; and |
• | the legacy Synovus directors—Kevin S. Blair and Tim E. Bentsen, respectively, the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, and President and the Lead Independent Director of Synovus as of immediately prior to the effective time, and five (5) additional members of the Synovus board of directors as of immediately prior to the effective time, designated by Synovus. |
• | corporate matters, including due organization and qualification and subsidiaries; |
• | capitalization; |
• | authority relative to execution and delivery of the merger agreement and the absence of conflicts with, or violations of, organizational documents or other obligations as a result of the merger; |
• | required governmental and other regulatory and self-regulatory filings and consents and approvals in connection with the merger; |
• | reports to regulatory authorities; |
• | financial statements, internal controls, books and records, and absence of undisclosed liabilities; |
• | broker’s fees payable in connection with the merger; |
• | the absence of certain changes or events; |
• | legal and regulatory proceedings; |
• | tax matters; |
• | employee benefit matters; |
• | SEC reports; |
• | compliance with applicable laws; |
• | certain material contracts; |
• | absence of agreements with regulatory authorities; |
• | environmental matters; |
• | investment securities and commodities; |
• | real property; |
• | intellectual property; |
• | related party transactions; |
• | inapplicability of takeover statutes; |
• | absence of action or awareness of any circumstance that would prevent either of the simultaneous mergers of Pinnacle and Synovus with and into Newco from qualifying as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code; |
• | opinions from each party’s respective financial advisor(s); |
• | the accuracy of information supplied for inclusion in this joint proxy statement/prospectus and other similar documents; |
• | loan portfolio matters; |
• | insurance matters; |
• | investment advisor subsidiaries; |
• | insurance subsidiaries; |
• | broker-dealer subsidiaries; and |
• | no other representations and warranties. |
• | changes, after the date of the merger agreement, in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles or applicable regulatory accounting requirements; |
• | changes, after the date of the merger agreement, in laws, rules or regulations of general applicability to companies in the industries in which such party and its subsidiaries operate, or interpretations thereof by courts or governmental entities; |
• | changes, after the date of the merger agreement, in global, national or regional political conditions (including the outbreak of war or acts of terrorism) or in economic or market (including equity, credit and debt markets, as well as changes in interest rates) conditions affecting the financial services industry generally and not specifically relating to such party or its subsidiaries; |
• | changes, after the date of the merger agreement, resulting from hurricanes, earthquakes, tornados, floods or other natural or manmade disasters or from any outbreak of any disease or other public health event; |
• | public disclosure of the transactions contemplated in the merger agreement or actions expressly required by merger agreement or that are taken with the prior written consent of the other party in contemplation of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement; or |
• | a decline in the trading price of a party’s common stock or the failure, in and of itself, to meet earnings projections or internal financial forecasts (provided that the underlying causes of such decline or failure may be taken into account in determining whether a material adverse effect has occurred); |
• | other than (i) federal funds borrowings and Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings, in each case with a maturity not in excess of six (6) months and (ii) deposits, in each case in the ordinary course of business, incur any indebtedness for borrowed money (other than indebtedness of Synovus or any of its wholly owned subsidiaries to Synovus or any of its wholly owned subsidiaries, on the one hand, or of Pinnacle or any of its wholly owned subsidiaries to Pinnacle or any of its wholly owned subsidiaries, on the other hand), or assume, guarantee, endorse or otherwise as an accommodation become responsible for the obligations of any other individual, corporation or other entity; |
• | adjust, split, combine or reclassify any capital stock; |
• | make, declare, pay or set a record date for any dividend, or any other distribution on, or directly or indirectly redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire, any shares of its capital stock or other equity or voting securities or any securities or obligations convertible (whether currently convertible or convertible only after the passage of time or the occurrence of certain events) or exchangeable into or exercisable for any shares of its capital stock or other equity or voting securities, including any securities of Synovus or any securities of its subsidiaries, in the case of Synovus, or any securities of Pinnacle or any securities of its subsidiaries, in the case of Pinnacle, except, in each case, (A) regular quarterly cash dividends by Synovus at a rate not in excess of $0.39 per share of Synovus common stock, (B) regular quarterly cash dividends by Pinnacle at a rate not in excess of $0.24 per share of Pinnacle common stock, (C) dividends paid by any of the subsidiaries of each of Pinnacle and Synovus to Pinnacle or Synovus or any of their wholly owned subsidiaries, respectively, (D) in the case of Synovus, dividends provided for and paid on Synovus preferred stock in accordance with the terms of such Synovus preferred stock, (E) in the case of Pinnacle, dividends provided for and paid on shares of Pinnacle series B preferred stock in accordance with the terms of the Pinnacle series B preferred stock, (F) regular distributions on outstanding trust preferred securities in accordance with their terms, or (G) the acceptance of shares of Synovus common stock or Pinnacle common stock as payment for the exercise price of stock options or for withholding taxes incurred in connection with the exercise of stock options or the vesting or settlement of equity compensation awards, in each case in accordance with past practice and the terms of the applicable award agreements; |
• | grant any stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance shares, restricted stock units, performance stock units, phantom stock units, restricted shares or other equity-based awards or interests, or grant any person any right to acquire any securities of Synovus or any securities of its subsidiaries, in the case of Synovus, or any securities of Pinnacle or any securities of its subsidiaries, in the case of Pinnacle; |
• | issue, sell, transfer, encumber or otherwise permit to become outstanding any shares of capital stock or voting securities or equity interests or securities convertible (whether currently convertible or convertible only after the passage of time of the occurrence of certain events) or exchangeable into, or exercisable for, any shares of its capital stock or other equity or voting securities, including any securities of Synovus or any securities of its subsidiaries, in the case of Synovus, any securities of Pinnacle or any securities of its subsidiaries, in the case of Pinnacle, or any options, warrants, or other rights of any kind to acquire any shares of capital stock or other equity or voting securities, including any securities of Synovus or any securities of its subsidiaries, in the case of Synovus, or any securities of Pinnacle or any securities of its subsidiaries, in the case of Pinnacle, except pursuant to the exercise of stock options or the settlement of equity compensation awards in accordance with their terms; |
• | sell, transfer, mortgage, encumber or otherwise dispose of any of its material properties or assets (other than intellectual property) to any individual, corporation or other entity other than a wholly owned |
• | sell, transfer, mortgage, encumber, license, abandon, cancel, allow to lapse or expire, or otherwise dispose of, any of its material intellectual property other than, in each case, (i) non-exclusive licenses or similar rights granted in the ordinary course of business, or (ii) expiration or lapse at the end of such intellectual property’s natural term; |
• | except for foreclosure or acquisitions of control in a fiduciary or similar capacity or in satisfaction of debts previously contracted in good faith in the ordinary course of business, make any material investment in or acquisition of (whether by purchase of stock or securities, contributions to capital, property transfers, merger or consolidation, or formation of a joint venture or otherwise) any other person or the property or assets of any other person, in each case, other than a wholly owned subsidiary of Synovus or Pinnacle, as applicable; |
• | in each case, except in the ordinary course of business, terminate, materially amend, or waive any material provision of, certain material contracts or make any change in any instrument or agreement governing the terms of any of its securities, other than normal renewals of contracts without material adverse changes of terms with respect to Synovus or Pinnacle, as applicable, or enter into certain material contracts; |
• | except as required under applicable law or the terms of any Synovus benefit plan or Pinnacle benefit plan existing as of the date of the merger agreement, as applicable, (i) enter into, establish, adopt, amend or terminate any material Synovus benefit plan or material Pinnacle benefit plan, or any arrangement that would be a material Synovus benefit plan or material Pinnacle benefit plan if in effect on the date of the merger agreement, other than with respect to broad-base welfare benefit plans (other than severance) in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and as would not reasonably be expected to materially increase the cost of benefits under any Synovus benefit plan or Pinnacle benefit plan, as the case may be, (ii) increase the compensation or benefits payable to any current or former employee, officer, director or individual consultant, other than increases to current employees and officers who are not Synovus insiders or Pinnacle insiders (x) in connection with a promotion or change in responsibilities and to a level consistent with the compensation and benefits provided to similarly situated employees in the ordinary course of business or (y) in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice or (z) as a result of the payment of incentive compensation for completed performance periods based upon corporate performance, the performance of such employee and, if applicable, such employee’s business, where performance is determined in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice, (iii) accelerate the vesting of any equity-based awards or other compensation or benefits, (iv) enter into any new, or amend any existing, employment, severance, change in control, retention, collective bargaining agreement or similar agreement or arrangement; provided that Pinnacle and Synovus may enter into offer letters with new hires in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice that do not provide for severance, (v) fund any rabbi trust or similar arrangement or in any other way secure the payment of compensation or benefits under any Synovus benefit plan or Pinnacle benefit plan, as the case may be, or (vi) hire any Synovus insider or Pinnacle insider (other than as a replacement hire receiving substantially similar terms of employment); |
• | settle any material claim, suit, action or proceeding, except involving solely monetary remedies in an amount, individually and in the aggregate, that is not material to Synovus or Pinnacle, as applicable, and that would not impose any material restriction on, or create any adverse precedent that would be material to, the business of it or its subsidiaries or the combined company following consummation of the merger; |
• | take any action or knowingly fail to take any action where such action or failure to act could reasonably be expected to prevent either of the simultaneous mergers of Pinnacle and Synovus with and into Newco from qualifying as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code; |
• | amend its articles of incorporation, its bylaws or comparable governing documents of its subsidiaries that are “significant subsidiaries” within the meaning of Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X of the SEC; |
• | other than in prior consultation with the other party, materially restructure or materially change its investment securities or derivatives portfolio or its interest rate exposure, through purchases, sales or otherwise, or the manner in which the portfolio is classified or reported; |
• | implement or adopt any change in its accounting principles, practices or methods, other than as required by GAAP; |
• | enter into any new line of business or, other than in the ordinary course of business (which may include partnering with third parties in origination, flow, servicing and other capacities) consistent with past practice, change in any material respect its lending, investment, underwriting, risk and asset liability management and other banking and operating, securitization and servicing policies (including any change in the maximum ratio or similar limits as a percentage of its capital exposure applicable with respect to its loan portfolio, any segment thereof or individual loans), except as required by applicable law, regulation or policies imposed by any governmental entity; |
• | merge or consolidate itself or any of its subsidiaries with any other person, or restructure, reorganize or completely or partially liquidate or dissolve any of its subsidiaries; |
• | make (other than in the ordinary course of business), change or revoke any material tax election, change an annual tax accounting period, adopt or change any material tax accounting method, file any material amended tax return, enter into any closing agreement or similar agreement with a taxing authority with respect to a material amount of taxes, or settle any material tax claim, audit, assessment or dispute or surrender any material right to claim a refund of taxes; or |
• | agree to take, make any commitment to take, or adopt any resolutions of its board of directors or similar governing body in support of, any of the foregoing. |
• | the requisite Pinnacle vote and the requisite Synovus vote having been obtained; |
• | the authorization for listing on the NYSE, subject to official notice of issuance, of Newco common stock and Newco preferred stock (or depositary shares in respect thereof) to be issued in the merger; |
• | all requisite regulatory approvals having been obtained and remaining in full force and effect, and all statutory waiting periods in respect thereof having expired or been terminated, without the imposition of any requirement to take or commit to take any action or agree to any condition or restriction that would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the combined company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, after giving effect to the merger; |
• | the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus is a part, and the absence of any stop order (or proceedings for such purpose initiated or threatened and not withdrawn); |
• | no order, injunction, or decree by any court or governmental entity of competent jurisdiction or other legal restraint or prohibition preventing the consummation of the merger, the bank merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement being in effect, and no law, statute, rule, regulation, order, injunction or decree having been enacted, entered, promulgated or enforced by any governmental entity which prohibits or makes illegal the consummation of the merger, the bank merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement; |
• | the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the other party contained in the merger agreement as of the date on which the merger agreement was entered into and as of the date on which the merger is completed, subject to the materiality standards provided in the merger agreement (and the receipt by each party of an officers’ certificate from the other party to such effect); |
• | the performance by the other party in all material respects of all obligations, covenants and agreements required to be performed by it under the merger agreement at or prior to the date on which the merger is completed (and the receipt by each party of an officers’ certificate from the other party to such effect); and |
• | receipt by each party of an opinion of legal counsel to the effect that on the basis of facts, representations and assumptions set forth or referred to in such opinion, such party’s merger with and into Newco will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. |
• | by mutual written consent of Pinnacle and Synovus; |
• | by either Pinnacle or Synovus if any governmental entity that must grant a requisite regulatory approval has denied approval of the merger or the bank merger and such denial has become final and non-appealable or any governmental entity of competent jurisdiction has issued a final and non-appealable order, injunction, decree or other legal restraint or prohibition permanently enjoining or otherwise prohibiting or making illegal the merger or the bank merger, unless the failure to obtain a requisite regulatory approval is due to the failure of the party seeking to terminate the merger agreement to perform or observe its obligations, covenants and agreements under the merger agreement; |
• | by either Pinnacle or Synovus if the merger has not been completed on or before July 24, 2026, also referred to as the “termination date,” unless the failure of the merger to be completed by such date is due to the failure of the party seeking to terminate the merger agreement to perform or observe its obligations, covenants and agreements under the merger agreement; provided that, if all other conditions to the merger have been satisfied but not the conditions related to the receipt of all applicable regulatory approvals or the absence of any adverse orders, injunctions or restraints from government entities, the termination date will be automatically extended to October 24, 2026. The merger agreement further provides that, if the conditions to the merger are satisfied or waived prior to the termination date but the closing would occur on the specified date, the termination date will automatically be extended to the specified date; |
• | by either Pinnacle or Synovus (provided that the terminating party is not then in material breach of any representation, warranty, obligation, covenant or other agreement contained in the merger agreement) if there is a breach of any of the obligations, covenants or agreements or any of the representations or warranties (or any such representation or warranty ceases to be true) set forth in the merger agreement on the part of the other party which either individually or in the aggregate would constitute, if occurring or continuing on the date the merger is completed, the failure of a closing condition of the terminating party and which is not cured within forty-five (45) days following written notice to the party committing such breach, or by its nature or timing cannot be cured during such period (or such fewer days as remain prior to the termination date); |
• | by Synovus, if (1) Pinnacle or the Pinnacle board of directors has made a recommendation change or (2) Pinnacle or the Pinnacle board of directors breaches in any material respect its obligations relating to non-solicitation of acquisition proposals or its obligations related to shareholder approval and the Pinnacle board recommendation; or |
• | by Pinnacle, if (1) Synovus or the Synovus board of directors has made a recommendation change or (2) Synovus or the Synovus board of directors breaches in any material respect its obligations relating to non-solicitation of acquisition proposals or its obligations related to shareholder approval and the Synovus board recommendation. |
• | In the event that the merger agreement is terminated by Pinnacle pursuant to the last bullet set forth under “—Termination of the Merger Agreement” above. In such case, the termination fee must be paid to Pinnacle within two (2) business days of the date of termination. |
• | In the event, after the date of the merger agreement and prior to the termination of the merger agreement, a bona fide acquisition proposal has been communicated to or otherwise made known to the Synovus board of directors or Synovus’ senior management or has been made directly to Synovus shareholders, or any person has publicly announced (and not publicly withdrawn at least two (2) business days prior to the Synovus special meeting) an acquisition proposal with respect to Synovus, and (i) (A) thereafter the merger agreement is terminated by either Pinnacle or Synovus because the merger has not been completed prior to the termination date, and Synovus has not obtained the required vote of Synovus shareholders approving the merger agreement but all other conditions to Synovus’ obligation to complete the merger had been satisfied or were capable of being satisfied prior to such termination or (B) thereafter the merger agreement is terminated by Pinnacle based on a breach of the merger agreement by Synovus that would constitute the failure of an applicable closing condition, and (ii) prior to the date that is twelve (12) months after the date of such termination, Synovus enters into a definitive agreement or consummates a transaction with respect to an acquisition proposal (whether or not the same acquisition proposal as that referred to above), provided that for purposes of the foregoing, all references in the definition of acquisition proposal to “twenty-five percent (25%)” will instead refer to “fifty percent (50%).” In such case, the termination fee must be paid to Pinnacle on the earlier of the date Synovus enters into such definitive agreement and the date of consummation of such transaction. |
• | In the event that the merger agreement is terminated by Synovus pursuant to the second to last bullet set forth under “—Termination of the Merger Agreement” above. In such case the termination fee must be paid to Synovus within two (2) business days of the date of termination. |
• | In the event, after the date of the merger agreement and prior to the termination of the merger agreement, a bona fide acquisition proposal has been communicated to or otherwise made known to the Pinnacle board of directors or Pinnacle’s senior management or has been made directly to Pinnacle shareholders, or any person has publicly announced (and not publicly withdrawn at least two (2) business days prior to the Pinnacle special meeting) an acquisition proposal with respect to Pinnacle, and (i) (A) thereafter the merger agreement is terminated by either Pinnacle or Synovus because the merger has not been completed prior to the termination date, and Pinnacle has not obtained the required vote of Pinnacle shareholders approving the merger agreement but all other conditions to Pinnacle’s obligation to complete the merger had been satisfied or were capable of being satisfied prior to such termination or (B) thereafter the merger agreement is terminated by Synovus based on a breach of the merger agreement by Pinnacle that would constitute the failure of an applicable closing condition and (ii) prior to the date that is twelve (12) months after the date of such termination, Pinnacle enters into a definitive agreement or consummates a transaction with respect to an acquisition proposal (whether or not the same acquisition proposal as that referred to above), provided that for purposes of the foregoing, all references in the definition of acquisition proposal to “twenty-five percent (25%)” will instead refer to “fifty percent (50%).” In such case, the termination fee must be paid to Synovus on the earlier of the date Pinnacle enters into such definitive agreement and the date of consummation of such transaction. |
• | a financial institution; |
• | a tax-exempt or governmental organization; |
• | a partnership, S corporation or other pass-through entity (or an investor in a partnership, S corporation or other pass-through entity); |
• | an insurance company; |
• | a mutual fund; |
• | a dealer or broker in stocks, securities, commodities or currencies; |
• | a trader in securities that elects mark-to-market treatment; |
• | a Pinnacle or Synovus shareholder that received Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock through the exercise of an employee stock option, through a tax qualified retirement plan or otherwise as compensation; |
• | a person that is not a U.S. holder; |
• | a person that has a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar; |
• | a real estate investment trust; |
• | a regulated investment company; |
• | a Pinnacle or Synovus shareholder that holds Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock as part of a hedge, straddle, constructive sale, wash sale, conversion or other integrated transaction; |
• | a holder of shares of Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock that is required to accelerate the recognition of any item of gross income with respect to Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock as a result of such income being recognized on an applicable financial statement; or |
• | a United States expatriate. |
• | a holder who receives solely shares of Newco common stock (or receives Newco common stock and cash solely instead of a fractional share of Newco common stock) in exchange for shares of Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock, as applicable, generally will not recognize any gain or loss upon the merger, except with respect to the cash received instead of a fractional share of Newco common stock; |
• | the aggregate tax basis of the Newco common stock received in the merger (including fractional share interests in Newco common stock deemed received and exchanged for cash), will be equal to the holder’s aggregate tax basis in the Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock, as applicable, for which it is exchanged; and |
• | the holding period of Newco common stock received in the merger (including any fractional shares deemed received and redeemed as described below), will include the holder’s holding period of the Pinnacle common stock or Synovus common stock, as applicable, for which it is exchanged. |
• | furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number, certifies that the holder is not subject to backup withholding on IRS Form W-9 (or an applicable substitute or successor form) and otherwise complies with all the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules; or |
• | provides proof of an applicable exemption from backup withholding. |
• | No dividend shall be declared or paid or set aside for payment, and no distribution shall be declared or made or set aside for payment, on any series A junior securities, other than (i) a dividend payable solely in series A junior securities and cash in lieu of fractional shares in connection with such dividend, or (ii) any dividend in connection with the implementation of a shareholders’ rights plan, or the redemption or repurchase of any rights under such plan; |
• | No shares of series A junior securities shall be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired for consideration by Newco, directly or indirectly, other than (i) as a result of a reclassification of series A junior securities for or into other series A junior securities, (ii) the exchange or conversion of one share of series A junior securities for or into another share of series A junior securities, (iii) through the use of the proceeds of a substantially contemporaneous sale of other shares of series A junior securities, (iv) purchases, redemptions or other acquisitions of shares of series A junior securities in connection with any employment contract, benefit plan or other similar arrangement with or for the benefit of employees, officers, directors or consultants, (v) purchases of shares of series A junior securities pursuant to a contractually binding requirement to buy series A junior securities existing prior to the preceding series A dividend period, including under a contractually binding stock repurchase plan, or (vi) the purchase of fractional interests in shares of series A junior securities pursuant to the conversion or exchange provisions of such stock or the security being converted or exchanged, nor shall any monies be paid to or made available for a sinking fund for the redemption of any such securities by Newco; and |
• | No shares of series A parity securities shall be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired for consideration by Newco, directly or indirectly, other than pursuant to pro rata offers to purchase all, or a pro rata portion, of series A preferred stock and such series A parity securities, other than (i) as a result of a reclassification of series A parity securities for or into other series A parity securities, (ii) the exchange or conversion of one share of series A parity securities for or into another share of series A parity securities, (iii) through the use of the proceeds of a substantially contemporaneous sale of other shares of series A parity securities, (iv) purchases, redemptions or other acquisitions of shares of series A parity securities in connection with any employment contract, benefit plan or other similar arrangement with or for the benefit of employees, officers, directors or consultants, (v) purchases of shares of series A parity securities pursuant to a contractually binding requirement to buy series A parity securities existing prior to the preceding series A dividend period, including under a contractually binding stock repurchase plan, or (vi) the purchase of fractional interests in shares of series A parity securities pursuant to the conversion or exchange provisions of such stock or the security being converted or exchanged. |
• | No dividend shall be declared or paid or set aside for payment, and no distribution shall be declared or made or set aside for payment, on any series B junior securities, other than (i) a dividend payable solely in series B junior securities and cash in lieu of fractional shares in connection with such dividend, or (ii) any dividend in connection with the implementation of a shareholders’ rights plan, or the redemption or repurchase of any rights under such plan; |
• | No shares of series B junior securities shall be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired for consideration by Newco, directly or indirectly, other than (i) as a result of a reclassification of series B junior securities for or into other series B junior securities, (ii) the exchange or conversion of one share of series B junior securities for or into another share of series B junior securities, (iii) through the use of the proceeds of a substantially contemporaneous sale of other shares of series B junior securities, (iv) purchases, redemptions or other acquisitions of shares of series B junior securities in connection with any employment contract, benefit plan or other similar arrangement with or for the benefit of employees, officers, directors or consultants, (v) purchases of shares of series B junior securities pursuant to a contractually binding requirement to buy series B junior securities existing prior to the preceding series B dividend period, including under a contractually binding stock repurchase plan, or |
• | No shares of series B parity securities shall be repurchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired for consideration by Newco, directly or indirectly, other than pursuant to pro rata offers to purchase all, or a pro rata portion, of series B preferred stock and such series B parity securities, other than (i) as a result of a reclassification of series B parity securities for or into other series B parity securities, (ii) the exchange or conversion of one share of series B parity securities for or into another share of series B parity securities, (iii) through the use of the proceeds of a substantially contemporaneous sale of other shares of series B parity securities, (iv) purchases, redemptions or other acquisitions of shares of series B parity securities in connection with any employment contract, benefit plan or other similar arrangement with or for the benefit of employees, officers, directors or consultants, (v) purchases of shares of series B parity securities pursuant to a contractually binding requirement to buy series B parity securities existing prior to the preceding series B dividend period, including under a contractually binding stock repurchase plan, or (vi) the purchase of fractional interests in shares of series B parity securities pursuant to the conversion or exchange provisions of such stock or the security being converted or exchanged. |
• | no dividend or distribution shall be declared, paid, or set aside for payment on any junior stock (other than (i) a dividend payable solely in junior stock or (ii) a dividend in connection with the implementation of a shareholders’ rights plan, or the issuance of rights, stock, or other property under any such plan, or the redemption or repurchase of any rights under any such plan); |
• | no junior stock shall be repurchased, redeemed, or otherwise acquired for consideration by Newco, directly or indirectly (other than (i) as a result of a reclassification of junior stock for or into other junior stock, (ii) the exchange or conversion of shares of junior stock for or into other shares of junior stock, (iii) through the use of the proceeds of a substantially contemporaneous sale of other shares of junior stock, (iv) purchases, redemptions, or other acquisitions of shares of the junior stock in connection with any employment contract, benefit plan, or other similar arrangement with or for the benefit of employees, officers, directors, or consultants, (v) purchases of shares of junior stock pursuant to a contractually binding requirement to buy junior stock existing prior to the most recently completed dividend period, (vi) the purchase of fractional interests in shares of junior stock pursuant to the conversion or exchange provisions of such stock or the security being converted or exchanged or (vii) the acquisition by Newco or any of its subsidiaries of record ownership in junior stock for the beneficial ownership of any other persons (other than for the beneficial ownership by Newco or any of its subsidiaries), including as trustees or custodians; nor shall any monies be paid to or made available for a sinking fund for the redemption of any such securities; and |
• | no parity stock shall be repurchased, redeemed, or otherwise acquired for consideration by Newco, directly or indirectly (other than (i) pursuant to pro rata offers to purchase all, or a pro rata portion, of the series C preferred stock and any parity stock, (ii) as a result of a reclassification of any parity stock for or into other parity stock, (iii) the exchange or conversion of any parity stock for or into other parity stock or junior stock, (iv) through the use of the proceeds of a substantially contemporaneous sale of other shares of parity stock, (v) purchases of shares of parity stock pursuant to a contractually binding requirement to buy parity stock existing prior to the most recently completed dividend period, (vi) the purchase of fractional interests in shares of parity stock pursuant to the conversion or exchange provisions of such stock or the security being converted or exchanged), or (vii) the acquisition by Newco or any of its subsidiaries of record ownership in parity stock for the beneficial ownership of any other persons (other than for the beneficial ownership by Newco or any of its subsidiaries), including as trustees or custodians; nor shall any monies be paid to or made available for a sinking fund for the redemption of any such securities. |
• | amendment to, clarification of, or change in, the laws, rules, or regulations of the United States or any political subdivision of or in the United States (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any agency or instrumentality of the United States, including the Federal Reserve Board and other appropriate federal bank regulatory agencies) that is enacted or becomes effective after the initial issuance of any share of the series C preferred stock; |
• | proposed change in those laws, rules, or regulations that is announced or becomes effective after the initial issuance of any share of the series C preferred stock; or |
• | official administrative decision or judicial decision or administrative action or other official pronouncement interpreting or applying those laws, rules, or regulations or policies with respect thereto that is announced or becomes effective after the initial issuance of any share of the series C preferred stock; |
• | the redemption date; |
• | the number of shares of the series C preferred stock to be redeemed and, if less than all of the shares held by such holder are to be redeemed, the number of such shares to be redeemed from such holder; |
• | the redemption price; |
• | the place or places where certificates for shares of the series C preferred stock, if any, are to be surrendered for payment of the redemption price; and |
• | that dividends on the shares to be redeemed will cease to accrue on the redemption date. |
• | amend or alter the provisions of the Newco articles so as to authorize or create, or increase the authorized amount of, any class or series of stock ranking senior to the series C preferred stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of Newco; |
• | amend, alter or repeal the provisions of the Newco articles so as to materially and adversely affect the special rights, preferences, privileges and voting powers of the series C preferred stock, taken as a whole; or |
• | consummate a binding share exchange or reclassification involving the series C preferred stock or a merger or consolidation of Newco with another corporation or other entity, unless in each case (i) the shares of series C preferred stock remain outstanding or, in the case of any such merger |
• | to cure any ambiguity, or to cure, correct or supplement any provision contained in the articles of amendment establishing the series C preferred stock that may be defective or inconsistent; or |
• | to make any provision with respect to matters or questions arising with respect to the series C preferred stock that is not inconsistent with the provisions of the articles of amendment establishing the series C preferred stock. |
• | all outstanding depositary shares have been redeemed; |
• | a final distribution in respect of the series C preferred stock has been made to the holders of depositary shares in connection with any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of Newco; or |
• | consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the depositary shares outstanding is obtained. |
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
Authorized Capital Stock: | Pinnacle’s authorized capital stock consists of 180,000,000 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, no par value. As of the record date for the Pinnacle special meeting, there were 77,559,967 shares of Pinnacle common stock outstanding and 9,000,000 depositary shares outstanding, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of share of Pinnacle 6.75% Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B. | Synovus’ authorized capital stock consists of 342,857,142 shares of common stock, par value of $1.00 per share, and 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, no par value. As of the record date for the Synovus special meeting, there were 138,811,843 shares of Synovus common stock outstanding, 8,000,000 shares of Synovus Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series D outstanding and 14,000,000 shares of Synovus Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E outstanding. | Newco’s authorized capital stock consists of two shares of common stock, par value of $1.00 per share. Immediately following the effective time, the authorized capital stock of Newco will consist of 360,000,000 shares of common stock, par value of $1.00 per share, and 110,000,000 shares of preferred stock, no par value per share. Newco has two shares of Newco common stock outstanding and no shares of Newco preferred stock outstanding. After giving effect to the merger, based on shares of Pinnacle and Synovus issued and outstanding as of September 26, 2025, approximately 150,255,729 shares of Newco common stock will have been issued and outstanding, 8,000,000 shares of Newco Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A will be issued and outstanding, 14,000,000 | ||||||
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
shares of Newco Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B will be issued and outstanding, and 9,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of share of Newco 6.75% Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C, will have been issued and outstanding. | |||||||||
Voting Rights: | Holders of Pinnacle common stock are entitled to one vote per share in the election of directors and on all other matters submitted to a vote at a meeting of shareholders. Holders of Pinnacle common stock do not have the right to cumulate their votes with respect to the election of directors. | Holders of Synovus common stock are entitled to one vote per share in the election of directors and on all other matters submitted to a vote at a meeting of shareholders. Holders of Synovus common stock do not have the right to cumulate their votes with respect to the election of directors. | Holders of Newco common stock are entitled to one vote per share in the election of directors and on all other matters submitted to a vote at a meeting of shareholders. Holders of Newco common stock do not have the right to cumulate their votes with respect to the election of directors. | ||||||
Rights of Preferred Stock | The Pinnacle charter authorizes the Pinnacle board of directors to provide for the issuance of shares of preferred stock in series, and by filing an article of amendment pursuant to the applicable laws of the State of Tennessee to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series, and to fix the designation, powers, preferences, and relative rights of the shares of each such series and the qualifications, or restrictions thereof. | The Synovus articles, in accordance with the provisions of the GBCC, authorizes the Synovus board of directors to determine the preferences, limitations and relative rights of (i) any preferred stock before the issuance of any such shares of preferred stock and (ii) one or more series of preferred stock, and designate the number of shares within that series, before the issuance of any such shares of that series. | The Newco articles, in accordance with the provisions of the GBCC, authorizes the Newco board of directors to determine the preferences, limitations and relative rights of (i) any preferred stock before the issuance of any such shares of preferred stock and (ii) one or more series of preferred stock, and designate the number of shares within that series, before the issuance of any such shares of that series. | ||||||
Size of board of directors: | The Pinnacle bylaws require that there be not less than five (5) and no more than twenty-five (25) directors on the Pinnacle board of directors, and the number of directors is fixed and | The Synovus bylaws require that there be not less than eight (8) and no more than twenty-five (25) directors on the Synovus board of directors, and the number of directors is fixed and | The Newco bylaws require that there be not less than eight (8) and no more than twenty-five (25) directors on the Newco board of directors, and the number of directors is fixed and | ||||||
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
determined from time to time by a resolution of the majority of all directors then in office or by resolution of the shareholders at any meeting thereof. The Pinnacle board of directors currently has thirteen (13) directors. | determined from time to time by a resolution of the majority of the full board of directors or by resolution of the shareholders at any meeting thereof. The Synovus board of directors currently has eleven (11) directors. | determined from time to time by (i) the board of directors or (ii) the shareholders representing at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Newco. At the effective time, the board of directors of Newco will have fifteen (15) members, consisting of the individuals listed under the section entitled “Governance of the Combined Company After the Merger.” During the transition period, the size of Newco’s board of directors will be reduced by one director on each of the chairman succession date and the vice chairman succession date in accordance with the section entitled “Governance of the Combined Company After the Merger.” | |||||||
Classes of Directors: | Pinnacle’s charter and bylaws do not separate the directors into classes with staggered, multi-year terms of office. Instead, directors are elected to one-year terms. | Synovus’ articles and bylaws do not separate the directors into classes with staggered, multi-year terms of office. Instead, directors are elected to one-year terms. | Newco’s articles and bylaws do not separate the directors into classes with staggered, multi-year terms of office. Instead, directors are elected to one-year terms. | ||||||
Director Eligibility and Mandatory Retirement: | Pinnacle’s bylaws provide that no person is eligible to stand for election as a director, nor may such person be elected as a director, if such person is seventy-five (75) years of age or greater at the time of such election. | The Synovus articles and bylaws do not provide for a mandatory retirement age or other director eligibility requirement. | The Newco bylaws provide that a director shall retire as a director effective as of the first annual meeting of Newco occurring after the date on which such director has turned seventy-five (75) years. Such provision will not apply to Mr. McCabe prior to the vice chairman succession date and Mr. Thompson prior to the first anniversary of the | ||||||
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
effective time (as such period for Mr. Thompson may be extended on an annual basis by the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire board of directors). | |||||||||
Election of Directors: | Pinnacle’s charter provides that each director will be elected by the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast with respect to the director in an uncontested election of directors at a meeting at which a quorum is present. For this purpose, the “affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast” means that the number of votes cast “for” exceeds the number of votes cast “against” that director. Abstentions and broker non-votes shall not be deemed to be votes cast for purposes of tabulating the vote. If an election is contested, the directors will be elected by the vote of a plurality of the votes cast by the shares entitled to vote in the election at any such meeting. The Pinnacle charter provides that director nominees shall be elected at each annual meeting of shareholders for terms expiring at the next annual meeting of shareholders. Pinnacle does not have a classified board. | Synovus’ bylaws provide that each director will be elected by the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast with respect to the director in an uncontested election of directors at a meeting at which a quorum is present. For this purpose, the “affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast” means that the number of votes cast “for” exceeds the number of votes cast “against” that director. If an election is contested, the directors will be elected by the vote of a plurality of the votes cast by the shares entitled to vote in the election at any such meeting. The Synovus bylaws provide that each member of the board of directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of shareholders and shall hold office for a term expiring at the next succeeding annual meeting of shareholder and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier retirement, resignation, removal or death. Synovus does not have a classified board. | Newco’s bylaws provide that each director will be elected by the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast with respect to the director in an uncontested election of directors at a meeting at which a quorum is present. For this purpose, the “affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast” means that the number of votes cast “for” exceeds the number of votes cast “against” that director. If an election is contested, the directors will be elected by the vote of a plurality of the votes cast by the shares entitled to vote in the election at any such meeting. The Newco Bylaws provide that each member of the board of directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of shareholders and shall hold office for a term expiring at the next succeeding annual meeting of shareholder and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier retirement, resignation, removal or death. Newco does not have a classified board. | ||||||
Removal of Directors: | The Pinnacle bylaws provide that directors may be removed with cause upon the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the issued and outstanding shares | The Synovus bylaws provide that any one or more directors or the entire Synovus board of directors may be removed from office, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote | The Newco bylaws provide that any one or more directors or the entire Newco board of directors may be removed from office, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote | ||||||
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
of Pinnacle entitled to vote in an election of directors or upon the affirmative vote of at least a majority of all directors then in office. Any director may be removed without cause only upon the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of the corporation entitled to vote in an election of directors. | of the Synovus shareholders representing at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all of the issued and outstanding shares of Synovus common stock at any shareholders’ meeting with respect to which notice of such purpose has been given. The Synovus bylaws further provide that this removal provision may not be altered, deleted, or rescinded except with the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of Synovus common stock. | of Newco shareholders representing at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all of the issued and outstanding shares of Newco common stock at any shareholders’ meeting with respect to which notice of such purpose has been given. The Newco bylaws further provide that this removal provision may not be altered, deleted, or rescinded except with the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of Newco common stock. During the transition period, any removal (or failure to appoint, re-elect or re-nominate) of the named directors listed under the section entitled “Governance of the Combined Company After the Merger” will require the affirmative vote of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the entire Newco board of directors. Each director may also be removed by the affirmative vote of Newco shareholders representing at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all of the issued and outstanding Newco common stock. | |||||||
Filling Vacancies on the Board of Directors: | The Pinnacle bylaws provide that the directors, even though less than a quorum, may fill any vacancy on the board of directors, including a vacancy created by an increase in the number of directors. | The Synovus bylaws provide that any vacancy occurring on the board of directors (other than a removal covered under a specific shareholder removal provision), may be filled by the board of directors or by the shareholders. If a vacancy results from the removal of a director in a | The Newco bylaws provide that any vacancy occurring on the board of directors (other than a removal covered under a specific shareholder removal provision), may be filled by the board of directors or by the shareholders. If a vacancy results from the removal of a director in a | ||||||
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
shareholder action pursuant to the Synovus bylaws, such vacancy must be filled by the shareholders or, if authorized by the shareholders, by the board of directors. Vacancies in the board of directors filled by the board of directors may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors, though less than a quorum, or the sole remaining director, as the case may be. | shareholder action pursuant to the Newco bylaws, such vacancy must be filled by the shareholders or, if authorized by the shareholders, by the board of directors. Vacancies in the board of directors filled by the board of directors may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors, though less than a quorum, or the sole remaining director, as the case may be. During the transition period, all vacancies caused by the cessation of service of a legacy Pinnacle director or a legacy Synovus director will be filled by a nominee selected by the legacy Pinnacle nominating committee or the legacy Synovus nominating committee, respectively. | ||||||||
Special Meetings of Shareholders: | Under the TBCA, the holders of at least 10% of the votes entitled to be cast may call a special meeting of shareholders. The Pinnacle bylaws provide that special meetings of the board of directors may be called by the chairman of the board or the chief executive officer (or, if there is no chief executive officer, the president) and shall be called by the chairman of the board or the chief executive officer (or, if there is no chief executive officer, the president) on the written request of any two or more directors. | The Synovus bylaws provide that a special meeting of shareholders may be called at any time by the chairman of the board, the chief executive officer, a majority of the board of directors, or one or more shareholders holding at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all of the issued and outstanding shares of Synovus common stock. | The Newco bylaws provide that a special meeting of shareholders may be called at any time by the chairman of the board, the chief executive officer, a majority of the board of directors, or one or more shareholders holding at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all of the issued and outstanding shares of Newco common stock. | ||||||
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
Quorum: | The Pinnacle bylaws provide that at all meetings of Pinnacle’s shareholders, the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Pinnacle then having voting rights and entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for all purposes, including the election of directors, except where otherwise expressly provided by statute or by the Pinnacle charter. If a quorum is not present, a majority in interest of the shareholders present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without further notice as permitted by law, until a quorum is present. | The Synovus bylaws provide that shareholders representing a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all of the issued and outstanding shares of Synovus common stock shall constitute a quorum at a shareholders’ meeting. | The Newco bylaws provide that shareholders representing a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all of the issued and outstanding shares of Newco common stock shall constitute a quorum at a shareholders’ meeting. | ||||||
Notice of Shareholder Actions / Meetings: | The Pinnacle bylaws require Pinnacle to give notice of an annual or special shareholders’ meetings not fewer than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting, unless otherwise required by law, Pinnacle’s charter, or its bylaws. The notice will state the time, date, and place, if any, of the meeting and the means of remote communications, if any, by which shareholders and proxy holders may be deemed present in person and vote at the meeting. Notice of any special meeting of shareholders shall state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. | The Synovus bylaws require that written notice of each annual and special meeting of shareholders be given to each shareholder of record entitled to vote, not less than ten (10) days nor more than sixty (60) days prior to the date of the meeting. Such notice must state the place, day and hour of the meeting. In the case of a special meeting, the notice must also state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. In addition, if shareholders deliver written demands sufficient to call a special meeting in accordance with the requirements set forth in the Synovus bylaws, the secretary of Synovus must, within thirty (30) days of receipt of such demands, issue notice of a special | The Newco bylaws require that written notice of each annual and special meeting of shareholders be given to each shareholder of record entitled to vote, not less than ten (10) days nor more than sixty (60) days prior to the date of the meeting. Such notice must state the place, day and hour of the meeting. In the case of a special meeting, the notice must also state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. In addition, if shareholders deliver written demands sufficient to call a special meeting in accordance with the requirements set forth in the Newco bylaws, the secretary of Newco must, within thirty (30) days of receipt of such demands, issue notice of a special | ||||||
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
meeting to be held within sixty (60) days of such notice. | meeting to be held within sixty (60) days of such notice. | ||||||||
Advance Notice Requirements for Shareholder Nominations and Other Proposals: | The Pinnacle bylaws provide that, for business to be properly brought before an annual or special meeting of shareholders by a shareholder, the shareholder must have given timely written notice to the secretary of Pinnacle, in proper form and in compliance with the requirements set forth in the Pinnacle bylaws. To be timely with respect to an annual meeting, such notice must be delivered to or mailed and received by the secretary at Pinnacle’s principal executive offices not earlier than the one hundred twentieth (120th) day and not later than the ninetieth (90th) day prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting. However, if the annual meeting is called for a date more than thirty (30) days before or more than sixty (60) days after such anniversary date, or if no annual meeting was held the prior year, notice must be received not later than the tenth (10th) day following (i) the day on which such notice of the date of such meeting was given, or (ii) the day on which such public announcement was made. For a special meeting, notice must be received not earlier than the one hundred twentieth (120th) day and not later than the ninetieth (90th) day prior to the | The Synovus bylaws provide that for business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder, including nominations for election to the board of directors, notice must be delivered in writing to the secretary at Synovus’ principal executive offices not earlier than one hundred and twenty (120) days and not later than ninety (90) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting. However, if the date of the annual meeting is more than thirty (30) days before or more than sixty (60) days after the anniversary of the prior year’s meeting, notice must be delivered not earlier than one hundred and twenty (120) days and not later than ninety (90) days prior to the new meeting date, or if public announcement of the meeting is made less than one hundred (100) days before the meeting, notice must be delivered no later than the tenth (10th) day following such public announcement. To be in proper form, the shareholder’s notice must include detailed information about the proposed nominee(s) or business, including all disclosures required under the federal proxy rules, a representation of the nominee’s intent to submit an irrevocable resignation under Synovus’ corporate governance | The Newco bylaws provide that for business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder, including nominations for election to the board of directors, notice must be delivered in writing to the secretary at Newco’s principal executive offices not earlier than one hundred and twenty (120) days and not later than ninety (90) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting. However, if the date of the annual meeting is more than thirty (30) days before or more than sixty (60) days after the anniversary of the prior year’s meeting, notice must be delivered not earlier than one hundred and twenty (120) days and not later than ninety (90) days prior to the new meeting date, or if public announcement of the meeting is made less than one hundred (100) days before the meeting, notice must be delivered no later than the tenth (10th) day following such public announcement. To be in proper form, the shareholder’s notice must include detailed information about the proposed nominee(s) or business, including all disclosures required under the federal proxy rules, a representation of the nominee’s intent to submit an irrevocable resignation under Newco’s corporate governance | ||||||
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
meeting date or, if later, the tenth (10th) day following the public announcement of the date of the special meeting. The shareholder’s notice must include, among other things: (i) a brief description of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting, including the complete text of any resolutions or proposed bylaw amendments; (ii) the reasons for conducting such business; (iii) the name and address of the proposing shareholder and related persons, the class and number of shares beneficially owned, and a description of any related agreements or arrangements; and (iv) a representation that the shareholder is a holder of record entitled to vote and intends to appear at the meeting to present the proposal. Additional information may be requested by the corporation. Except as otherwise required by law, the adjournment or postponement of a meeting does not restart the notice period. | guidelines if not elected at the next meeting the nominee would face election or re-election, and specific information about the nominating shareholder’s ownership, derivative positions, hedging activity, and intent to solicit proxies. No proposals by shareholders shall be considered at any special meeting of shareholders unless such special meeting was called for the purpose of considering such proposal. For nominations at a special meeting where directors are to be elected, a shareholder must likewise deliver notice not earlier than one hundred and twenty (120) days and not later than ninety (90) days prior to the date of the meeting (or, if public announcement of the meeting is made less than one hundred (100) days prior to the date of the special meeting, then by the tenth (10th) day following such announcement). Only those nominations and other business matters that comply with these procedures will be eligible to be presented at the meeting. The chairman of the meeting has the authority to declare proposals or nominations that fail to comply with the procedural requirements invalid and may disregard them. No adjournment or postponement of a meeting restarts the notice period. | guidelines if not elected at the next meeting the nominee would face election or re-election, and specific information about the nominating shareholder’s ownership, derivative positions, hedging activity, and intent to solicit proxies. No proposals by shareholders shall be considered at any special meeting of shareholders unless such special meeting was called for the purpose of considering such proposal. For nominations at a special meeting where directors are to be elected, a shareholder must likewise deliver notice not earlier than one hundred and twenty (120) days and not later than ninety (90) days prior to the date of the meeting (or, if public announcement of the meeting is made less than one hundred (100) days prior to the date of the special meeting, then by the tenth (10th) day following such announcement). Only those nominations and other business matters that comply with these procedures will be eligible to be presented at the meeting. The chairman of the meeting has the authority to declare proposals or nominations that fail to comply with the procedural requirements invalid and may disregard them. No adjournment or postponement of a meeting restarts the notice period. | |||||||
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
Proxy Access: | Same as set forth in Advance Notice Requirements for Shareholder Nominations and Other Proposals. | Same as set forth in Advance Notice Requirements for Shareholder Nominations and Other Proposals. | Same as set forth in Advance Notice Requirements for Shareholder Nominations and Other Proposals. | ||||||
Anti-Takeover Provisions and Other Shareholder Protections: | The TBCA generally prohibits a “business combination” by Pinnacle or a subsidiary with an “interested shareholder” within five years after the shareholder becomes an interested shareholder. Pinnacle or a subsidiary can, however, enter into a business combination within that period if, before the interested shareholder became such, the Pinnacle board of directors approved the business combination or the transaction in which the interested shareholder became an interested shareholder. After that five-year moratorium, the business combination with the interested shareholder can be consummated only if it satisfies certain fair price criteria or is approved by two-thirds of the other shareholders. For purposes of the TBCA, a “business combination” includes mergers, share exchanges, sales and leases of assets, issuances of securities, and similar transactions. An “interested shareholder” is generally any person or entity that beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of any outstanding class or series of Pinnacle’s stock. The Pinnacle charter and bylaws contain no special requirements for transactions with interested parties. The Tennessee Control Share Acquisition Act only applies if a Tennessee corporation’s charter or bylaws expressly | The GBCC generally prohibits a “business combination” by Synovus or a subsidiary with an “interested shareholder” within five years after the shareholder becomes an interested shareholder. Synovus or a subsidiary can, however, enter into a business combination within that period if, (i) before the interested shareholder became such, the Synovus board of directors approved the business combination or the transaction in which the interested shareholder became an interested shareholder, (ii) in the transaction which resulted in the interested shareholder becoming an interested shareholder, such shareholder became the beneficial owner of at least 90% of Synovus’ voting stock, subject to certain conditions, or (iii) subsequent to becoming an interested shareholder, such shareholder acquired additional shares resulting in the interested shareholder becoming the beneficial owner of at least 90% of Synovus’ voting stock, subject to certain conditions. Such requirements shall not apply to business combinations with interested shareholders unless the bylaws of a Georgia corporation specifically provide that all of such requirements are applicable to such corporation. Synovus | The GBCC generally prohibits a “business combination” by Newco or a subsidiary with an “interested shareholder” within five years after the shareholder becomes an interested shareholder. Newco or a subsidiary can, however, enter into a business combination within that period if, (i) before the interested shareholder became such, the Newco board of directors approved the business combination or the transaction in which the interested shareholder became an interested shareholder, (ii) in the transaction which resulted in the interested shareholder becoming an interested shareholder, such shareholder became the beneficial owner of at least 90% of Newco’ voting stock, subject to certain conditions, or (iii) subsequent to becoming an interested shareholder, such shareholder acquired additional shares resulting in the interested shareholder becoming the beneficial owner of at least 90% of Newco’ voting stock, subject to certain conditions. Such requirements shall not apply to business combinations with interested shareholders unless the bylaws of a Georgia corporation specifically provide that all of such requirements are applicable to such corporation. Newco | ||||||
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
provides that the corporation will be subject to such Act. Pinnacle’s charter and bylaws do not provide that it will be governed under the Tennessee Control Share Acquisition Act. | has not elected in its bylaws to be governed by the business combination statute. For purposes of the GBCC, a “business combination” includes mergers, share exchanges, sales and leases of assets, issuances of securities, and similar transactions. An “interested shareholder” is generally any person or entity that beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting shares of Synovus or is an affiliate of Synovus and was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of Synovus’ voting power at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question. | has not elected in its bylaws to be governed by the business combination statute. For purposes of the GBCC, a “business combination” includes mergers, share exchanges, sales and leases of assets, issuances of securities, and similar transactions. An “interested shareholder” is generally any person or entity that beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting shares of Newco or is an affiliate of Newco and was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of Newco’s voting power at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question. During the transition period, any merger or consolidation of Newco with or into any other entity or other disposition by Newco of all or substantially all of its assets and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, shall require an affirmative vote of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the entire board of directors. | |||||||
Limitation of Liability of Directors: | Pinnacle’s charter provides that directors of Pinnacle will not be personally liable to Pinnacle or its shareholders for monetary damage for a breach of his or her duty as a director, except for liability (i) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to Pinnacle or its shareholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, or (iii) under Section 48-18-302 of the TBCA (with respect | The Synovus articles provides that no director shall be personally liable to Synovus or its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of duty as a director, to the fullest extent required by applicable law. This limitation of liability does not eliminate or limit a director’s liability (i) for any appropriation of a business opportunity of the corporation in violation of the director’s duties, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve | The Newco articles provides that no director shall be personally liable to Newco or its shareholders for monetary damages for any action taken, or failure to take any action, as a director, except liability to the extent required by applicable law: (i) for any appropriation of a business opportunity of the corporation in violation of the director’s duties, (ii) for acts or omissions that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing | ||||||
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
to the unlawful payment of any dividends). Additionally, Pinnacle’s bylaws provide that a director shall not be personally liable for any action taken in good faith in accordance with any emergency bylaw or in furtherance of the ordinary business affairs of Pinnacle, even if such action was not expressly authorized by the bylaws then in effect. | intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) for unlawful corporate distributions, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. | violation of law, (iii) for unlawful corporate distributions, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director received an improper personal benefit. | |||||||
Indemnification of Directors and Officers and Insurance: | The Pinnacle bylaws provide that Pinnacle will indemnify directors and officers and may indemnify any employee or agent that has been made a party to a proceeding because he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Pinnacle for reasonable expenses, judgments, fines, penalties and amounts paid in settlement (including attorneys’ fees), incurred in connection with the proceeding if the individual acted in manner he or she believed in good faith to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Pinnacle and, in the case of any criminal proceeding, he or she had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. If a director or officer of the Pinnacle has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she was a party, or in defense of any claim, issue, or matter therein, because he or she is or was a director or officer of Pinnacle, Pinnacle shall indemnify the director | Synovus’ bylaws provide that Synovus will indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of Synovus or by reason of the fact that such person is or was serving at the request of Synovus as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit, or proceeding, but in each case only if and to the extent permitted under applicable law. This indemnification is conditioned on such person having acted in a manner he or she believed to be in good faith or not opposed to the best interests of | Newco’s bylaws provide that Newco will indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of Newco or by reason of the fact that such person is or was serving at the request of Newco as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit, or proceeding, but in each case only if and to the extent permitted under applicable law. This indemnification is conditioned on such person having acted in a manner he or she believed to be in good faith or not opposed to the best interests of Newco, and, with respect to any | ||||||
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
or officer against reasonable expenses incurred by him or her in connection therewith. A director or officer is entitled to an advancement of indemnifiable expenses provided that the director or officer agrees to repay the advance if it is ultimately determined that the director officer is not entitled to indemnification. Under the Pinnacle charter, Pinnacle may advance litigation expenses to a director or officer, conditioned on the prior receipt of a written affirmation of the director’s good faith belief that he or she has met the relevant standard of conduct or that the proceeding involves only duty of care claims from which he or she has been exculpated. or in any other proceeding in which the officer is charged with receiving an improper benefit and adjudged liable or on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received by the officer. Such officer is entitled to an advancement of indemnifiable expenses provided that the officer agrees to repay the advance if it is ultimately determined that the officer is not entitled to indemnification and indemnification is not otherwise precluded. Employees and former directors are entitled to the same indemnification rights as any officer. | Synovus, and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, if such person had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful or with respect to an employee benefit plan, such person believed in good faith that his or her conduct was in the interests of the participants in and beneficiaries of the plan. Such indemnification is subject to any express limitations under applicable law. The determination regarding whether indemnification is appropriate must be made in accordance with the GBCC, which allows such determinations to be made by the board of directors (if a quorum of disinterested directors exists), by independent legal counsel, or by the shareholders. The GBCC also permits Synovus to advance or reimburse expenses incurred by directors and officers, subject to certain conditions including the receipt of an undertaking to repay such advances if it is ultimately determined that the individual is not entitled to indemnification. | criminal proceeding, if such person had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful or with respect to an employee benefit plan, such person believed in good faith that his or her conduct was in the interests of the participants in and beneficiaries of the plan. Such indemnification is subject to any express limitations under applicable law. The determination regarding whether indemnification is appropriate must be made in accordance with the GBCC, which allows such determinations to be made by the board of directors (if a quorum of disinterested directors exists), by independent legal counsel, or by the shareholders. The GBCC also permits Newco to advance or reimburse expenses incurred by directors and officers, subject to certain conditions including the receipt of an undertaking to repay such advances if it is ultimately determined that the individual is not entitled to indemnification. | |||||||
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
Acquisition Proposals: | Section 48-103-204 of the TBCA provides that a Tennessee corporation trading on a national securities exchange, as well as its officers and directors, will not be held liable for opposing any proposed merger because of a good faith belief that such merger would adversely affect the resident domestic corporation’s employees, customers, suppliers and the communities in which such resident domestic corporation or its subsidiaries operate. The Pinnacle charter provides that when evaluating an offer from another party to merge or consolidate, make a tender offer, or to purchase all or substantially all of Pinnacle’s assets, the Pinnacle board of directors shall determine what is in the best interests of Pinnacle and its shareholders and give due consideration to all relevant factors, including without limitation the short-term and long-term social and economic effects on the employees, customers, shareholders and other constituents of Pinnacle and its subsidiaries, and on the communities within which Pinnacle and its subsidiaries operate and the consideration being offered by the other party in relation to the then-current value of Pinnacle in a freely negotiated transaction and in relation to the board of directors’ then-estimate of the future value of Pinnacle as an independent entity. | The Synovus articles provide that the Synovus board of directors may, if it deems advisable, oppose any tender or other offer for Synovus’ securities, whether such offer is made in cash, securities, or otherwise. In considering whether to oppose such an offer, the board is permitted—but not required—to take into account a range of factors, including: (i) whether the offer price is acceptable in light of Synovus’ historical and current financial condition and operating results; (ii) the likelihood that a more favorable price could be obtained for Synovus’ securities in the future; (iii) the impact that the proposed acquisition may have on Synovus’ employees, depositors, customers, and the communities served by Synovus and its subsidiaries; (iv) the reputation and business practices of the offeror and its affiliates, including as they may affect the foregoing constituencies and the potential future value of Synovus’ stock; (v) the value of any securities offered in exchange, assessed in comparison to the value of Synovus and the offeror or other comparable entities; and (vi) any legal, antitrust, or regulatory issues raised by the offer. | The Newco articles provide that in discharging the duties of their respective positions and in determining what is believed to be in the best interests of the corporation, the board, committees of the board, and individual directors, in addition to considering the effects of any action on Newco or its shareholders, may consider the interests of the employees, customers, suppliers, and creditors of Newco and its subsidiaries, the communities in which offices or other establishments of Newco and its subsidiaries are located, and all other factors such directors consider pertinent. The Newco articles further provide that the Newco board of directors may, if it deems advisable, oppose any tender or other offer for Newco’s securities, whether such offer is made in cash, securities, or otherwise. In considering whether to oppose such an offer, the board is permitted—but not required—to take into account a range of factors, including: (i) whether the offer price is acceptable in light of Newco’s historical and current financial condition and operating results; (ii) the likelihood that a more favorable price could be obtained for Newco’s securities in the future; (iii) the impact that the proposed acquisition may have on Newco’s employees, depositors, customers, and the communities served by Newco and its subsidiaries; (iv) the reputation and business practices of the offeror and its affiliates, | ||||||
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
including as they may affect the foregoing constituencies and the potential future value of Newco’s stock; (v) the value of any securities offered in exchange, assessed in comparison to the value of newco and the offeror or other comparable entities; and (vi) any legal, antitrust, or regulatory issues raised by the offer. During the transition period, any merger or consolidation of Newco with or into another entity or any disposition of all or substantially all assets of Newco will require the affirmative vote of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of Newco’s entire board of directors. | |||||||||
Dissenters’ Rights: | The TBCA provides that a shareholder of a corporation may receive payment of the fair value of his or her shares if the shareholder dissents from certain major corporate transactions including a proposed merger, share exchange or a sale of substantially all of the assets of the corporation. However, Section 48-23-102 of the TBCA provides that dissenters’ rights are generally not available to holders of shares of a security which, is listed on an exchange registered under Section 6 of the Exchange Act or is a “national market system security,” as defined in the rules promulgated pursuant to the Exchange Act. | The GBCC provides that a shareholder of a corporation may receive payment of the fair value of his or her shares if the shareholder dissents from certain major corporate transactions including a proposed merger, share exchange or a sale of substantially all of the assets of the corporation. However, pursuant to Section 14-2-1302 of the GBCC, dissenters’ rights are generally not available if a corporation’s shares are listed on a national securities exchange unless: (i) the articles of incorporation provide otherwise; or (ii) in a plan of merger, the shareholders are required to accept anything other than shares of the surviving corporation or another publicly held corporation which is listed on a national | The GBCC provides that a shareholder of a corporation may receive payment of the fair value of his or her shares if the shareholder dissents from certain major corporate transactions including a proposed merger, share exchange or a sale of substantially all of the assets of the corporation. However, pursuant to Section 14-2-1302 of the GBCC, dissenters’ rights are generally not available if a corporation’s shares are listed on a national securities exchange unless: (i) the articles of incorporation provide otherwise; or (ii) in a plan of merger, the shareholders are required to accept anything other than shares of the surviving corporation or another publicly held corporation which is listed on a national | ||||||
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
securities exchange or held of record by more than 2,000 shareholders. | securities exchange or held of record by more than 2,000 shareholders. | ||||||||
Dividends: | Under Tennessee law, Pinnacle may not declare a dividend if, after giving effect to such dividend, it would not be able to pay its debts as the debts become due in its usual course of business or if its total assets would be less than the sum of its total liabilities, plus, unless the charter permits otherwise, the amount that would be needed, if Pinnacle were to be dissolved at the time of the distribution, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of shareholders whose preferential rights are superior to those receiving the distribution. Pinnacle’s charter and bylaws does not restrict the Pinnacle board of director’s authority to make distributions to its shareholders. | Consistent with Georgia law, the Synovus bylaws provide that the Synovus board of directors may not make a distribution to the shareholders if, after giving effect to such distribution, Synovus would not be able to pay its debts as they become due in the usual course of business or the Synovus’ total assets would be less than the sum of its total liabilities plus the amount that would be needed, if Synovus were to be dissolved at the time of the distribution, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of the shareholders whose preferential rights are superior to those receiving the distribution. | Consistent with Georgia law, the Newco bylaws provide that the Newco board of directors may not make a distribution to the shareholders if, after giving effect to such distribution, Newco would not be able to pay its debts as they become due in the usual course of business or the Newco’s total assets would be less than the sum of its total liabilities plus the amount that would be needed, if Newco were to be dissolved at the time of the distribution, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of the shareholders whose preferential rights are superior to those receiving the distribution. | ||||||
Amendments to Charter and Bylaws: | The TBCA permits a corporation to amend its charter at any time to add or change a provision that is required or permitted in the charter or to delete a provision not required in the charter. Unless otherwise provided in the charter, the TBCA provides that with the limited exception of certain non-substantive amendments that can be adopted by the board of directors without shareholder action, a corporation’s board of directors may propose one or more amendments to the | The GBCC permits a corporation to amend its articles of incorporation without shareholder action for certain enumerated amendments. All other amendments generally require approval by a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the amendment by each voting group entitled to vote on the amendment. The GBCC also provides that a corporation’s board of directors may amend or repeal the corporation’s bylaws, unless (i) the articles of incorporation reserve the power exclusively to the | The GBCC permits a corporation to amend its articles of incorporation without shareholder action for certain enumerated amendments. All other amendments generally require approval by a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the amendment by each voting group entitled to vote on the amendment. The GBCC also provides that a corporation’s board of directors may amend or repeal the corporation’s bylaws, unless (i) the articles of incorporation reserve the power exclusively to the | ||||||
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
charter for submission to the shareholders. The proposed amendment is adopted if it receives the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast on the proposed amendment. The Pinnacle bylaws provide that amendments to the bylaws require the affirmative vote of a majority of all shareholders votes entitled to be cast on such action at any meeting called for such purpose or the affirmative vote of a majority of all directors then holding office. | shareholders in whole or in part or (ii) the shareholders, in amending or repealing a particular bylaw, provide expressly that the board of directors may not amend or repeal a particular bylaw. The Synovus articles provide that the affirmative vote by the holders of shares representing at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all of the issued and outstanding common stock of Synovus will be required to amendment the Synovus articles. The Synovus bylaws provide for amendments of the bylaws by the affirmative vote of the shareholders of Synovus representing at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Synovus present and voting therefor at a shareholders’ meeting or, subject to such limitations as the shareholders may from time to time prescribe, by a majority vote of all the directors then holding office at any meeting of the board of directors. | shareholders in whole or in part or (ii) the shareholders, in amending or repealing a particular bylaw, provide expressly that the board of directors may not amend or repeal a particular bylaw. The Newco articles provide that the affirmative vote by the holders of shares representing at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all of the issued and outstanding common stock of Newco will be required to amend the Newco articles. The Newco bylaws provide for amendments of the bylaws by the affirmative vote of the shareholders of Newco representing at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Newco present and voting therefor at a shareholders’ meeting or, subject to such limitations as the shareholders may from time to time prescribe, by a majority vote of all the directors then holding office at any meeting of the board of directors. During the transition period, amendments to Article XIII of the Newco bylaws require affirmative vote of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the entire board of directors. | |||||||
Action by Written Consent of the Shareholders | Under the TBCA, any action required or permitted to be taken at an annual or special meeting of holders of common stock may be taken without a meeting, without | Under Section 14-2-704 of the GBCC, shareholder action may be taken without a meeting if the action is taken by all the shareholders entitled to vote on the action. | Under Section 14-2-704 of the GBCC, shareholder action may be taken without a meeting if the action is taken by all the shareholders entitled to vote on the action. | ||||||
Pinnacle | Synovus | Newco | |||||||
prior notice, and without a vote, if before or after the action all the shareholders entitled to vote consent in writing. The Pinnacle charter provides that any actions that could be taken at a shareholders’ meeting may be taken without a meeting if the action is taken by persons who would be entitled to vote at a meeting shares having voting power to cast not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take the action at a meeting at which all shareholders entitled to vote were present and voted. Notice of such action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given within ten (10) days of the taking of such action to those shareholders of record on the date when the written consent is first executed and whose shares were not represented on the written consent. | Under the Synovus bylaws, any action required by law or permitted to be taken at any shareholders’ meeting may be taken without a meeting if, and only if, written consent, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by all of the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof. | Under the Newco bylaws, any action required by law or permitted to be taken at any shareholders’ meeting may be taken without a meeting if, and only if, written consent, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by all of the shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof. | |||||||
Shareholder Rights Plan: | Pinnacle does not have a shareholder rights plan as a part of its charter, bylaws, or under a separate agreement. | Synovus does not have a shareholder rights plan as a part of its charter, bylaws, or under a separate agreement. | Newco does not have a shareholder rights plan as a part of its charter, bylaws, or under a separate agreement. | ||||||
Forum Selection Bylaw: | Pinnacle’s bylaws do not require any exclusive forum with respect to legal actions against or involving Pinnacle. | Synovus’ bylaws do not require any exclusive forum with respect to legal actions against or involving Synovus. | The Newco bylaws provide that the exclusive forum for certain specified categories of legal actions against or involving Newco and its directors, officers or other relevant parties will be the Georgia State-Wide Business Court unless Newco consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum. | ||||||
Pinnacle filings (SEC File No. 000-31225) | Periods Covered or Date of Filing with the SEC | ||
Annual Report on Form 10-K | Fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed on February 25, 2025 | ||
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q | Quarter ended June 30, 2025, filed on August 7, 2025; and quarter ended March 31, 2025, filed on May 9, 2025 | ||
Current Reports on Form 8-K | Filed August 28, 2025, July 25, 2025, April 21, 2025, April 11, 2025, and February 28, 2025 (other than the portions of those documents not deemed to be filed) | ||
Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A | Filed March 3, 2025 | ||
Description of Pinnacle’s securities under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, which is contained in Exhibit 4.2 to Pinnacle’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and as amended by any amendment or report filed for purposes of updating that description | Filed on February 25, 2025 | ||
Synovus filings (SEC File No. 001-10312) | Periods | ||
Annual Report on Form 10-K | Fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed on February 21, 2025 | ||
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q | Quarter ended June 30, 2025, filed on August 5, 2025; and quarter ended on March 31, 2025, filed on May 2, 2025 | ||
Current Reports on Form 8-K | Filed August 28, 2025, July 25, 2025 and April 25, 2025 (other than the portions of those documents not deemed to be filed) | ||
Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A | Filed March 12, 2025 | ||
Description of Pinnacle’s securities under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, which is contained in Exhibit 4.4 to Synovus’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and as amended by any amendment or report filed for purposes of updating that description | Filed on February 21, 2025 | ||
if you are a Pinnacle shareholder: | if you are a Synovus shareholder: | ||
Pinnacle Financial Partners Inc. 21 Platform Way South, Suite 2300 Nashville, Tennessee 37203 Attention: Investor Relations Telephone: (615) 744-8219 | Synovus Financial Corp. 33 West 14th Street Columbus, Georgia 31901 Attention: Investor Relations Telephone: (706) 641-6500 | ||
(a) | if to Pinnacle, to: | ||||||||
Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. | |||||||||
21 Platform Way South | |||||||||
Nashville, TN 37203 | |||||||||
Attention: | Harold R. Carpenter, Jr. | ||||||||
E-mail: | [redacted] | ||||||||
With a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to: | |||||||||
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP | |||||||||
125 Broad Street | |||||||||
New York, New York 10004 | |||||||||
Attention: | H. Rodgin Cohen | ||||||||
Mitchell S. Eitel | |||||||||
Facsimile: | [redacted] | ||||||||
[redacted] | |||||||||
Email: | [redacted] | ||||||||
[redacted] | |||||||||
and | |||||||||
(b) | if to Synovus, to: | ||||||||
Synovus | |||||||||
33 West 14th Street | |||||||||
Columbus, GA 31901 | |||||||||
Attention: | Allan E. Kamensky | ||||||||
Email: | [redacted] | ||||||||
With a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to: | |||||||||
Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz | |||||||||
51 West 52nd Street | |||||||||
New York, NY 10019 | |||||||||
Attention: | Edward D. Herlihy | ||||||||
Brandon C. Price | |||||||||
Email: | [redacted] | ||||||||
[redacted] | |||||||||
PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. | |||||||||
By: | /s/ M. Terry Turner | ||||||||
Name: | M. Terry Turner | ||||||||
Title: | President and Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||
SYNOVUS FINANCIAL CORP. | |||||||||
By: | /s/ Kevin S. Blair | ||||||||
Name: | Kevin S. Blair | ||||||||
Title: | Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President | ||||||||
STEEL NEWCO INC. | |||||||||
By: | /s/ Kevin S. Blair | ||||||||
Name: | Kevin S. Blair | ||||||||
Title: | Co-President | ||||||||
By: | /s/ M. Terry Turner | ||||||||
Name: | M. Terry Turner | ||||||||
Title: | Co-President | ||||||||
By: | ||||||
[Name] | ||||||
[Title] | ||||||
(a) | if to Synovus Bank, to: | ||||||||
Synovus Bank | |||||||||
33 West 14th Street | |||||||||
Columbus, GA 31901 | |||||||||
Attention: | Allan E. Kamensky | ||||||||
E-mail: | [redacted] | ||||||||
With a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to: | |||||||||
Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz | |||||||||
51 West 52nd Street | |||||||||
New York, NY 10019 | |||||||||
Attention: | Edward D. Herlihy Brandon C. Price | ||||||||
E-mail: | [redacted] [redacted] | ||||||||
and | |||||||||
(b) | if to Pinnacle Bank, to: | ||||||||
Pinnacle Bank | |||||||||
21 Platform Way, Suite 2300 | |||||||||
Nashville, TN 37203 | |||||||||
Attention: | Harold R. Carpenter, Jr. | ||||||||
E-mail: | [redacted] | ||||||||
With a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to: | |||||||||
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP | |||||||||
125 Broad Street | |||||||||
New York, NY 10004 | |||||||||
Attention: | H. Rodgin Cohen Mitchell S. Eitel | ||||||||
Facsimile: | [redacted] | ||||||||
E-mail: | [redacted] [redacted] | ||||||||
PINNACLE BANK | ||||||
By: | ||||||
Title: | ||||||
SYNOVUS BANK | ||||||
By: | ||||||
Title: | ||||||
Director Name | Residence | |||||||
1. | ||||||||
2. | ||||||||
3. | ||||||||
4. | ||||||||
5. | ||||||||
6. | ||||||||
7. | ||||||||
8. | ||||||||
9. | ||||||||
10. | ||||||||
11. | ||||||||
12. | ||||||||
13. | ||||||||
14. | ||||||||
15. | ||||||||
Centerview Partners LLC 31 West 52nd Street New York, NY 10019 | |||
July 24, 2025 | |||
Very truly yours, | |||
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CENTERVIEW PARTNERS LLC | |||
1) | Reviewed certain publicly available financial statements and other business and financial information of Synovus and Pinnacle, respectively; |
2) | Reviewed certain internal financial statements and other financial and operating data concerning Synovus and Pinnacle, respectively; |
3) | Reviewed mean Wall Street consensus estimates for Synovus and Pinnacle for years 2025 through 2027 and extrapolations thereof prepared based on guidance from management of Synovus and approved for our use by management of Synovus (the “Street Forecasts”); |
4) | Reviewed information relating to certain strategic, financial and operational benefits anticipated from the Merger prepared by the managements of Synovus and Pinnacle (the “Projected Synergies”); |
5) | Discussed the past and current operations and financial condition and the prospects of Synovus and Pinnacle, including information relating to the Projected Synergies, with senior executives of Synovus and Pinnacle; |
6) | Reviewed the pro forma impact of the Merger on the combined company’s earnings per share, cash flow, consolidated capitalization and certain financial ratios; |
7) | Reviewed the reported prices and trading activity for the Synovus Common Stock and the Pinnacle Common Stock; |
8) | Compared the financial performance of Synovus and Pinnacle and the prices and trading activity of the Synovus Common Stock and the Pinnacle Common Stock with that of certain other publicly-traded companies comparable with Synovus and Pinnacle, respectively, and their securities; |
9) | Participated in certain discussions and negotiations among representatives of Synovus and Pinnacle and their financial and legal advisors; |
10) | Reviewed the Merger Agreement and certain related documents; and |
11) | Performed such other analyses, reviewed such other information and considered such other factors as we have deemed appropriate. |
Very truly yours, | |||
/s/ Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC | |||
MORGAN STANLEY & CO. LLC | |||
Item 20. | Indemnification of Directors and Officers |
Item 21. | Exhibits |
(a) | The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated herein by reference: |
Exhibit No. | Description | ||
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 24, 2025, by and among Synovus Financial Corp., Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. and Steel Newco Inc. (attached as Annex A to the joint proxy statement/prospectus forming a part of this registration statement on Form S-4).* | |||
Articles of Incorporation of Steel Newco Inc., dated July 23, 2025.** | |||
By-Laws of Steel Newco Inc., dated July 24, 2025.** | |||
Form of Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. (f/k/a Steel Newco Inc.)** | |||
Form of Amended and Restated By-Laws of Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. (f/k/a Steel Newco Inc.)** | |||
Specimen physical stock certificate of Synovus Financial Corp. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Synovus Financial Corp.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2024, filed on November 4, 2024). | |||
Specimen Common Stock Certificate of Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 1 to Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on July 12, 2000). | |||
Specimen stock certificate for Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series D, of Synovus Financial Corp. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Synovus Financial Corp.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2024, filed November 4, 2024). | |||
Specimen stock certificate for Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E, of Synovus Financial Corp. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Synovus Financial Corp.’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed July 1, 2019). | |||
Deposit Agreement, dated June 3, 2020, by and among Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc., Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. and the holders from time to time of the depositary receipts described therein (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Pinnacle’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed June 3, 2020). | |||
Specimen of Certificate representing the Series B Preferred Stock of Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed June 3, 2020). | |||
Opinion of Allan E. Kamensky as to the validity of the securities being registered. | |||
Opinion of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP as to the validity of the securities being registered. | |||
Opinion of Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz regarding certain U.S. income tax aspects of the merger. | |||
Opinion of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP regarding certain U.S. income tax aspects of the merger. | |||
Letter Agreement, dated as of July 24, 2025, by and among M. Terry Turner, Steel Newco Inc. and Pinnacle Bank (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K of Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc., filed July 25, 2025). | |||
Exhibit No. | Description | ||
Letter Agreement, dated as of July 24, 2025, by and among Robert A. McCabe, Jr., Steel Newco Inc. and Pinnacle Bank, (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K of Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc., filed July 25, 2025). | |||
Employment Agreement, dated as of July 24, 2025, by and among Synovus Financial Corp., Synovus Bank and Kevin Blair, (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K of Synovus Financial Corp., filed July 25, 2025). | |||
Employment Agreement, dated as of July 24, 2025, by and between Synovus Financial Corp., Synovus Bank and Jamie Gregory, (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K of Synovus Financial Corp., filed July 25, 2025). | |||
Subsidiaries of Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc., filed on February 25, 2025). | |||
Subsidiaries of Synovus Financial Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Synovus Financial Corp., filed on February 21, 2025). | |||
Consent of Crowe LLP. | |||
Consent of Crowe LLP. | |||
Consent of KPMG LLP. | |||
Consent of Allan E. Kamensky (included as part of his opinion filed as Exhibit 5.1). | |||
Consent of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP (included as part of its opinion filed as Exhibit 5.2). | |||
Consent of Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz (included as part of its opinion filed as Exhibit 8.1). | |||
Consent of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP (included as part of its opinion filed as Exhibit 8.2). | |||
Form of Proxy of Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. | |||
Form of Proxy of Synovus Financial Corp. | |||
Consent of Centerview Partners LLC. | |||
Consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC. | |||
Consent of Robert A. McCabe, Jr. to be named as a director.** | |||
Consent of G. Kennedy Thompson to be named as a director.** | |||
Consent of Tim E. Bentsen to be named as a director.** | |||
Filing Fee Table.** | |||
* | Certain of the exhibits and schedules to this exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(a)(5). The registrant agrees to furnish a copy of all omitted exhibits and schedules to the SEC upon its request to be filed by amendment. |
** | Previously filed. |
Item 22. | Undertakings |
(1) | To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: |
(i) | to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act; |
(ii) | to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement; notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and |
(iii) | to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement. |
(2) | That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
(3) | To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. |
(4) | That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities, in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: |
(i) | any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; |
(ii) | any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; |
(iii) | the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and |
(iv) | any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. |
(5) | That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in this registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
(6) | That prior to any public reoffering of the securities registered hereunder through use of a prospectus which is a part of this registration statement, by any person or party who is deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Rule 145(c), the issuer undertakes that such reoffering prospectus will contain the information called for by the applicable registration form with respect to reofferings by persons who may be deemed underwriters, in addition to the information called for by the other items of the applicable form. |
(7) | That every prospectus (i) that is filed pursuant to paragraph (5) immediately preceding, or (ii) that purports to meet the requirements of Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act and is used in connection with an offering of securities subject to Rule 415, will be filed as a part of an amendment to the registration statement and will not be used until such amendment is effective, and that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
(8) | To respond to requests for information that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus pursuant to Items 4, 10(b), 11, or 13 of this form, within one business day of receipt of such request, and to send the incorporated documents by first class mail or other equally prompt means; this includes information contained in documents filed subsequent to the effective date of this registration statement through the date of responding to the request. |
(9) | To supply by means of a post-effective amendment all information concerning a transaction, and the company being acquired involved therein, that was not the subject of and included in this registration statement when it became effective. |
(10) | Insofar as indemnification for liabilities under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. In the event a claim of indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in a successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer, or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. |
STEEL NEWCO INC. (Registrant) | STEEL NEWCO INC. (Registrant) | ||
/s/ Kevin S. Blair | /s/ M. Terry Turner | ||
By: Kevin S. Blair | By: M. Terry Turner | ||
Title: Co-President | Title: Co-President | ||
(Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | (Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | ||
/s/ Kevin S. Blair | /s/ M. Terry Turner | ||
By: Kevin S. Blair | By: M. Terry Turner | ||
Title: Director | Title: Director | ||