NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

This summary of significant accounting policies of the Company is presented to assist in understanding the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements and notes are representations of the Company’s management, which is responsible for their integrity and objectivity. These accounting policies conform to GAAP and have been consistently applied in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

Principles of Consolidation

As of June 30, 2025, the consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, Franklin Technology Inc. (“FTI”) and Sigbeat Inc. (“Sigbeat”), with majority voting interests of approximately 66.3% and 60.0%, respectively, (approximately 33.7% and 40.0% are owned by noncontrolling interests, respectively). As of June 30, 2024, the consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiary, FTI, with a majority voting interest of 66.3% (approximately 33.7% is owned by noncontrolling interests). In the preparation of consolidated financial statements of the Company, intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated and net earnings (loss) are reduced by the portion of the net earnings (loss) of the subsidiary or subsidiaries applicable to noncontrolling interests.

On May 14, 2024, the Company entered into an Agreement for Formation of a Joint Venture Corporation (the “Agreement”). Under the terms of the Agreement, the parties formed a Nevada corporation, Sigbeat, to be owned 60% by Franklin and 40% by its Electronic Manufacturing Services (“EMS”) partner, Forge International Co., Ltd. (“Forge”). The parties shall contribute a total of $5,000,000 in capital, in accordance with their respective ownership interest percentages. Under the terms of the Agreement, Sigbeat has a Board of Directors consisting of three members, of whom two are to be appointed by the Company and one appointed by Forge. Sigbeat will engage in worldwide sales, marketing, customer support and operations for telecommunications modules under such brands or designations as the Board of Directors of Sigbeat determine.

Pursuant to the Agreement, in July 2024, Sigbeat entered into a stock subscription agreement with Forge to purchase 400,000 shares of Common Stock, representing 40% of the total outstanding Common Stock of Sigbeat. On December 23, 2024, and January 9, 2025, the Company contributed $600,000 and $2,400,000 for Common Stock, respectively, and, on January 16, 2025, Forge contributed $2,000,000 for Common Stock.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts on the prior period’s consolidated financial statements were regrouped and reclassified to conform to current-year presentation, with no effect on total stockholders’ equity.

Non-controlling Interest in Consolidated Subsidiary

As of June 30, 2025, the non-controlling interest was $3,349,861, which represents a $2,120,917 increase from $1,228,944 as of June 30, 2024. The increase of $2,120,917 in the non-controlling interest consists of a $97,315 increase in FTI and a $2,023,602 increase in Sigbeat. The $97,315 increase in FTI reflects $79,070 attributable to non-controlling interest from net income of $234,927 and $18,245 from foreign currency translation adjustments for the year ended June 30, 2025. The $2,023,602 increase in Sigbeat reflects $23,602 attributable to non-controlling interest from net income of $59,005 for the year ended June 30, 2025, and $2,000,000 from Forge’s cash contribution in exchange for Common Stock.

Segment Reporting

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 280, “Segment Reporting,” requires public companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments. We identify our operating segments based on how our chief operating decision maker internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities and management responsibility. We have one reportable segment, consisting of the sale of wireless access products. The Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) assesses performance for the segment and allocates resources based on the consolidated net income (loss) of the company. The CODM uses the consolidated net income (loss) to evaluate the return on assets in deciding on resource allocation, monitor performance against budgets, and benchmark performance against competitors.

We generate revenues from two geographic areas, consisting of North America and Asia. The following enterprise-wide disclosure is prepared on a basis consistent with the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. The following table contains certain financial information by geographic area and the reconciliation of total segment sales less disclosed significant expenses to the segment's measure of net income or loss. 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value accounting is applied for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the financial statements are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Hierarchical levels, which are directly related to the amount of subjectivity, associated with the inputs to the valuation of these assets or liabilities are as follows:

The carrying amounts of financial instruments such as cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate the related fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. We invest our excess cash into financial instruments which are readily convertible into cash, such as money market funds and certificates of deposit

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

On July 1, 2023, we adopted ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held to maturity debt securities. It also applies to Off-Balance Sheet (“OBS”) credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments and leases recognized by a lessor in accordance with Topic 842 on leases. Upon adoption of ASC 326 and based upon our review of our collection history as well as the current balances associated with all significant customers and associated invoices, as of June 30, 2025, and 2024, we recorded a reserve for doubtful accounts of $159,166 and $748, respectively

Cash Flows Reporting

We follow ASC 230, Statements of Cash Flows, which requires that cash receipts and payments be classified as operating, investing, or financing activities and provides definitions for each category. We use the indirect or reconciliation method (“Indirect method”) as defined by ASC 230. Under this method, net income is adjusted for the effects of non-cash transactions, deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts and payments, and items classified as investing or financing cash flows.

Related Parties

We follow ASC 850, “Related Party Disclosures,” for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions. Related parties are any entities or individuals that, through employment, ownership or other means, possess the ability to direct or cause the direction of our management and policies of the Company. (Refer to NOTE 9–RELATED PARTY TRANSACTONS)

Foreign Currency Translations

We have a majority-owned subsidiary in a foreign country, South Korea. Fluctuations in foreign currency impact the amount of total assets, liabilities, earnings and cash flows that we report for our foreign subsidiary upon the translation of these amounts into U.S. Dollars for, and as of the end of, each reporting period. In particular, the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar generally will reduce the reported amount of our foreign-denominated cash, cash equivalents, total revenues and total expenses that we translate into U.S. Dollars and report in our consolidated financial statements for, and as of the end of, each reporting period. However, a majority of our consolidated revenue is denominated in U.S. Dollars, and therefore, our revenue is not directly subject to foreign currency risk.

In accordance with ASC 830, transactions denominated in a currency other than an entity’s functional currency are remeasured into the functional currency. Resulting foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recognized in net income (loss) in the period in which they occur.

Leases

In accordance with ASC 842, we determine whether an arrangement contains a lease at inception. A lease is a contract that provides the right to control an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. For identified leases, we determine whether it should be classified as an operating or finance lease. Operating leases are recorded in the balance sheet as right-of-use asset (“ROU asset”) and operating lease obligation. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payment arising from the lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease and measured based on the present value of lease payment over the lease term. The ROU asset also includes deferred rent liabilities. Our lease arrangements generally do not provide an implicit interest rate. As a result, in such situations, we use its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. We include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option in the measurement of its ROU assts and liabilities.

Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We are also electing not to apply the recognition requirements to short-term leases of twelve months or less and instead will recognize lease payments as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Revenue Recognition

The Company accounts for its revenue according to ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, pursuant to which, revenue is recognized when the control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customers, and the performance obligations under the contract have been satisfied, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

Contracts with Customers

Revenue from sales of products and services is derived from contracts with customers. The products and services covered by contracts primarily consist of hot spot routers. Contracts with each customer generally state the terms of the sale, including the description, quantity and price of each product or service. Payment terms are stated in the contract, primarily in the form of a purchase order. Since the customer typically agrees to a stated rate and price in the purchase order that does not vary over the life of the contract, the majority of our contracts do not contain variable consideration. We establish a provision for estimated warranty and returns. Using historical averages, provisions for the years ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, were not material.

Disaggregation of Revenue

In accordance with Topic 606, we disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers into geographical regions and by the timing of when goods and services are transferred. We determined that disaggregating revenue into these categories meets the disclosure objective in Topic 606, which is to depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by regional economic factors.

Contract Balances

We perform our obligations under a contract with a customer by transferring products in exchange for consideration from the customer. We typically invoice our customers as soon as control of an asset is transferred, and a receivable is established. However, we recognize contract liability when a customer prepays for goods and/or services, or when we have not delivered goods under the contract since we have not yet transferred control of the goods and/or services.

The balances of our trade receivables are as follows:

We did not have any un-invoiced receivables for the periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Our contract liabilities are as follows: 

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good and/or service to the customer and is the unit of measurement in Topic 606. At contract inception, we assess the products and/or services promised in our contracts with customers. We then identify performance obligations to transfer distinct products and/or services to the customer. To identify performance obligations, we consider all the products or services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices.

Our performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time. Revenue from products transferred to customers at a single point in time accounted for 99.2% and 98.8% of net sales for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Revenue recognized over a period of time is based on the percent completion of a project and accounted for under 1.0% and 1.2% of net sales for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The majority of our revenue recognized at a point in time is for the sale of hotspot router products. Revenue from these contracts is recognized when the customer is able to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the benefits from the product, which generally coincides with title transfer at completion of the shipping process.

As of June 30, 2025 and 2024, our contracts do not contain any unsatisfied performance obligations, except for undelivered products.

Cost of Goods Sold

All costs associated with our contract manufacturers, as well as distribution, fulfillment and repair services, are included in our cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold also includes amortization expenses of approximately $790,000 and $970,000 related to capitalized product development costs associated with completed technology for the years ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

Capitalized Product Development Costs

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 350, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other” includes software that is part of a product or process to be sold to a customer and shall be accounted for under Subtopic 985-20. Our products contain embedded software internally developed by FTI, which is an integral part of these products because it allows the various components of the products to communicate with each other and the products are clearly unable to function without this coding.

The costs of product development that are capitalized once technological feasibility is determined (noted as Technology in progress in the Intangible Assets table, in Note 2 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements) include certifications, licenses, payroll, employee benefits, and other headcount-related expenses associated with product development. We determine that technological feasibility for our products is reached after all high-risk development issues have been resolved. Once the products are available for general release to our customers, we cease capitalizing the product development costs and any additional costs, if any, are expensed. The capitalized product development costs are amortized on a product-by-product basis using the straight-line amortization. The amortization begins when the products are available for general release to our customers.

As of June 30, 2025, and 2024, capitalized product development costs in progress were $452,676 and $0, respectively, and these amounts are included in intangible assets in our consolidated balance sheets. For the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, we incurred $520,202 and $123,359, respectively in capitalized product development costs, and all costs incurred before technological feasibility is reached are expensed and included in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

Research and Development Costs

Costs associated with research and development are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs were $4,102,660 and $3,406,750 for the years ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

Warranties

We provide a warranty for one year which is covered by our vendors and manufacturers under purchase agreements between the Company and the vendors. As a result, we believe we do not have any net warranty exposure and do not accrue any warranty expenses. Historically, the Company has not experienced any material net warranty expenditures.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Costs associated with product shipping and handling are expensed as incurred. Shipping and handling costs, which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the statements of comprehensive income, were $276,311 and $163,138 for the years ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For the purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flow, we consider all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Short Term Investments

We have invested excess funds in short-term liquid assets, such as certificates of deposit or money market funds.

Inventories, Net

Our inventories consist of finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, cost being determined on a first-in, first-out basis. We assess the inventory carrying value and reduce it, if necessary, to its net realizable value based on customer orders on hand, and internal demand forecasts using management’s best estimates given information currently available. Our customer demand is highly unpredictable and can fluctuate significantly caused by factors beyond the Company’s control. We may write down our inventory value for potential obsolescence and excess inventory. For the years ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, we recorded reserve allowances of $63,846 and $16,934, respectively, for inventories we have identified as obsolete or slow-moving. As of June 30, 2025, the reserve balance for slow-moving inventories was $11,114, following a $144,214 write-down of our inventory's value due to obsolescence. As of June 30, 2024, the reserve balance was $91,482 with no write-down of our inventory’s value due to obsolescence.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Significant additions or improvements extending the useful lives of assets are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs of an expense nature are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives as follows: 

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and certain intangible assets were recorded in connection with the FTI acquisition in October 2009, and were accounted for in accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations.” Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the tangible and intangible net assets acquired. Intangible assets are recorded at their fair value at the date of acquisition. Goodwill and other intangible assets are accounted for in accordance with ASC 350, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” Goodwill and other intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually and any related impairment losses are recognized in earnings when identified. No impairment was recognized during the years ended June 30, 2025, and 2024.

Intangible Assets, Net

The definite lived intangible assets consisted of the following as of June 30, 2025:

The definite lived intangible assets consisted of the following as of June 30, 2024:

Amortization expense recognized for the years ended June 30, 2025, and 2024 were $827,091 and $992,699, respectively. For the year ended June 30, 2025, we disposed of fully amortized certifications and licenses of $824,706 and completed technology of $18,397. For the year ended June 30, 2024, we disposed of fully amortized certifications and licenses of $86,884 and expensed technology in progress of $9,404.

The amortization expenses of the definite lived intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

In accordance with ASC 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment,” we review for impairment long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. We consider the carrying value of assets may not be recoverable based upon our review of the following events or changes in circumstances: the asset’s ability to continue to generate income from operations and positive cash flow in future periods; loss of legal ownership or title to the assets; significant changes in our strategic business objectives and utilization of the asset; or significant negative industry or economic trends. An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset are less than its carrying amount.

We are not aware of any events or changes in circumstances during the year ended June 30, 2025, that would indicate that the long-lived assets are impaired.

Stock-based Compensation

We account for stock options and other equity-based compensation issued in accordance with ASC 718 “Stock Compensation”, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense related to the fair value of equity-based compensation awards that are ultimately expected to vest. Stock-based compensation expense recognized includes the compensation cost for all share-based compensation payments granted to employees and non-employees, net of estimated forfeitures, over the employees’ requisite service period or the non-employees’ performance period based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provision of ASC 718. ASC 718 is also applied to awards modified, repurchased, or cancelled during the periods reported.

Income Taxes

We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Accordingly, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities, using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amount of deferred tax assets, unless it is more likely than not such assets will be realized. Current income taxes are based on the year’s taxable income for federal and state income tax reporting purposes and the annual change in deferred taxes.

We assess income tax positions and record tax benefits based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we record the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority having full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit is recognized in the financial statements. We classify interest and penalties associated with such uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense.

(Loss) Earnings per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

In accordance with ASC 260, basic earnings (loss) per share are calculated by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares that were outstanding for the period, without considering any potential future issuance of common shares. Diluted (loss) earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) by the sum of the weighted-average number of dilutive potential common shares outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock method. Potentially dilutive shares are comprised of common stock options outstanding under our stock plan. Diluted EPS excludes all dilutive potential common shares if their effect is nondilutive. Nondilutive shares are not taken into account when computing the weighted average number of shares used in the dilutive EPS calculation.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

We extend credit to our customers and perform ongoing credit evaluations of such customers. We evaluate our accounts receivable on a regular basis for collectability and provide an allowance for potential credit losses as deemed necessary. $158,400 reserve was recorded for the year ended June 30, 2025, and no reserve was required or recorded for the year ended June 30, 2024.

Substantially all of our revenues are derived from sales of wireless data products. Any significant decline in market acceptance of our products or in the financial condition of our existing customers could impair our ability to operate effectively.

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from a small number of customers. For the year ended June 30, 2025, net sales to our two largest customers represented approximately 61% and 33% of our consolidated net sales, respectively, and 34% and 57% of our accounts receivable balance as of June 30, 2025. For the year ended June 30, 2024, net sales to our two largest customers represented approximately 68% and 22% of our consolidated net sales, respectively, and 0% and 85% of our accounts receivable balance as of June 30, 2024.

For the year ended June 30, 2025, we purchased the majority of our wireless data products from two manufacturing companies located in Asia. If they were to experience delays, capacity constraints or quality control problems, product shipments to our customers could be delayed, or our customers could consequently elect to cancel the underlying product purchase order, which would negatively impact our revenue. For the year ended June 30, 2025, we purchased wireless data products from two suppliers in the amount of $31,999,540, or 85.3% of total purchases, and had related accounts payable of $5,641,183, or 69.5%, as of June 30, 2025. For the year ended June 30, 2024, we purchased wireless data products from two suppliers in the amount of $23,581,572, or 98.9% of total purchases, and had related accounts payable of $6,263,385, or 86.2%, as of June 30, 2024.

We maintain our cash accounts with established commercial banks in the United States of America (the “U.S.”) and Korea. Such cash deposits exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limit of $250,000 and the Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limit of approximately $37,000 for each financial institution located in the U.S. and Korea, respectively. We have approximately $28.3 million and $11.5 million in uninsured deposits in the U.S. and Korea, respectively, but we do not anticipate any losses on excess deposits.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in our consolidated financial statements once adopted.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses. This includes purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization. The ASU is effective on a prospective or retrospective basis for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in our consolidated financial statements, once adopted.

In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, which revises the effective date of ASU 2024-03, “to clarify that all public business entities are required to adopt the guidance in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027.” Entities within the ASU’s scope are permitted to early adopt the ASU. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in our consolidated financial statements, once adopted.