v3.25.2
Taxation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Taxation [Abstract]  
Schedule of Current and Deferred Portion of Income Tax Expense

The following table sets forth current and deferred portion of income tax expense of the Group:

 

For the years ended December 31,

   

2024

 

2023

 

2022

Current income tax expense

 

$

 

$

 

$

Deferred income tax expense

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total income tax expense

 

$

 

$

 

$

Schedule of Loss Before Provision for Income Tax

Loss before provision for income tax were attributable to the following geographic locations:

 

For the years ended December 31,

   

2024

 

2023

 

2022

Mainland China

 

$

38,651

 

$

84,911

 

$

20,545

Dubai

 

 

33,370

 

 

77,134

 

 

18,222

United States

 

 

100,705

 

 

104,650

 

 

9,476

Total loss before income tax expenses

 

$

172,726

 

$

266,695

 

$

48,243

Schedule of Reconciliation Statutory Income Tax Rate

The following table sets forth reconciliation between the statutory income tax rate and the effective tax rates:

 

For the years ended December 31,

   

2024

 

2023

 

2022

Statutory income tax rate in PRC

 

25.0

%

 

25.0

%

 

25.0

%

Tax effect of non-deductible items

 

 

 

(0.1

)%

 

(0.7

)%

Tax effect of undeclared expenses(i)

 

(5.2

)%

 

(2.9

)%

 

(4.7

)%

Tax effect of impairment loss

 

 

 

 

 

(1.5

)%

Tax effect of fair value changes

 

 

 

 

 

(0.1

)%

Tax effect of share-based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

(1.7

)%

Tax effect of income tax rate differences in jurisdictions other than the PRC

 

(2.7

)%

 

(4.4

)%

 

(6.1

)%

Tax effect of net operating loss not applicable to carryforwards

 

7.5

%

 

(6.1

)%

 

(5.8

)%

Change in valuation allowance

 

(24.6

)%

 

(11.5

)%

 

(4.4

)%

Effective tax rate

 

 

 

 

 

 

(i)      The undeclared expenses mainly represent accrued financial expenses associated with PIPE escrow accounts. These are related expenses for which the Group will not include in the tax return, thereby giving rise to a permanent difference.

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the significant components of the deferred tax assets were summarized below:

 

As of December 31,

   

2024

 

2023

Deferred tax assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net operating loss carried forward

 

$

36,748

 

 

$

21,283

 

State net operating loss carried forwards for US entity

 

 

586

 

 

 

638

 

Accrued expenses

 

 

468

 

 

 

268

 

Allowance for expected credit loss

 

 

37,649

 

 

 

21,352

 

Impairment on investments

 

 

3,980

 

 

 

 

Inventory write-down

 

 

4,249

 

 

 

4,027

 

Lawsuit provision

 

 

5,509

 

 

 

 

Property and equipment

 

 

788

 

 

 

795

 

Total deferred tax assets

 

 

89,977

 

 

 

48,363

 

Less: valuation allowance

 

 

(89,977

)

 

 

(48,363

)

Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance

 

$

 

 

$

 

Schedule of Rollforward of Valuation Allowance

Rollforward of valuation allowance

       
   

 

 

 

   

 

Balance as of December 31, 2023

 

$

48,363

 

 

18,556

 

Allowance made during the year

 

 

42,532

 

 

30,319

 

Effect of exchange rate differences

 

 

(918

)

 

(512

)

Balance as of December 31, 2024

 

$

89,977

 

 

48,363

 

Schedule of Operating Loss Carry Forward As of December 31, 2023, the net operating loss carry forward from Mainland China will expire, if unused, as follows:
 

Net operating loss carry forward due by schedule

   

2025

 

2026

 

2027

 

2028

 

2029

 

Total

Net operating loss carry forward

 

2,249

 

2,544

 

26,708

 

34,369

 

73,612

 

139,482