1607(b, c) Reports, Opinions, Appraisals, and Negotiations |
Sep. 18, 2025
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Outside Party or Unaffiliated Representative, Identity | Ocean Tomo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outside Party or Unaffiliated Representative, Selection Method [Text Block] | In selecting Ocean Tomo, CCIX considered, among other things, the fact that Ocean Tomo is (1) regularly engaged in the valuation of businesses and their securities and the provision of fairness opinions in connection with various transactions and (2) has undertaken numerous engagements in the artificial intelligence, autonomy, and automotive spaces. |
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Outside Party or Unaffiliated Representative, Material Relationships [Text Block] | Disclosure of Prior Relationships During the two years preceding the date of the Opinion, Ocean Tomo has not had any material relationship with any party to the business combination for which compensation has been received or is intended to be received, nor is any such material relationship or related compensation mutually understood to be contemplated. |
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Outside Party or Unaffiliated Representative, Compensation Received or to be Received | $ 435,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Report, Opinion, or Appraisal, the SPAC or SPAC Sponsor Determined Consideration Amount to Target Company or its Security Holders or Target Company Valuation [Flag] | true | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Report, Opinion, or Appraisal, Outside Party or Unaffiliated Representative Determined Consideration Amount to Target Company or its Security Holders or Target Company Valuation [Flag] | true | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Report, Opinion, or Appraisal Summary [Line Items] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Report, Opinion, or Appraisal Summary, Procedures Followed [Text Block] | Scope of Analysis In connection with the Opinion, Ocean Tomo made such reviews, analyses, and inquiries as it deemed necessary and appropriate to enable Ocean Tomo to render the Opinion. Ocean Tomo also accounted for its assessment of general economic, market, technical, and financial conditions, as well as its experience in complex securities, technology, and business valuation, in general and with respect to similar transactions. Ocean Tomo’s procedures, investigations, and financial analyses with respect to the preparation of the Opinion included, but were not limited to, the items summarized below: • Reviewed documents and information from PlusAI, CCIX, and public sources, including, but not limited to: o historical financial statements; o unit economics and deployment schedule information; o company overview documents; o industry, government, and equity analyst reports and analyses; o government regulations for self-driving vehicles; o regulatory and licensing documents; o supply chain information; o material agreements with third-parties and strategic relationships; o customer pipeline development; o corporate records; o employee records and agreements; o tax information; o press releases and news; o commissioned reports and analyses; o intellectual property lists and descriptions, including Company patents; o interviews with senior PlusAI management and technical personnel; o technical records; and o autonomy architecture, safety approach, and deployment approach documentation. • Conducted an analysis and considered factors as Ocean Tomo deemed necessary, including: o Independent market research to develop estimates of undocumented data, including market size, industry trends, comparable company benchmarks, and relevant market transactions and licensing activities. o Creation of detailed financial valuation models and scenario analyses based on data provided by CCIX, other related parties, and Ocean Tomo research. These include, but are not limited to, operating unit economics, timing and other risk factors, technical merits of PlusAI’s technology, the competitive environment, regulatory issues, and additional considerations Ocean Tomo deemed necessary and relevant to the conclusions in the Opinion. Assumptions, Qualifications and Limiting Conditions In performing its analyses and rendering the Opinion with respect to the Purchase Price, Ocean Tomo, with CCIX’s consent: • assumed that all equity securities of PlusAI outstanding immediately prior to the Merger will be converted into shares of Post-Closing Company common stock in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement; • considered Earnout Shares, CCIX Warrants, and disregarded third-party warrants; • relied upon the accuracy, completeness, and fair presentation of all information, data, advice, opinions, and representations obtained from public sources or provided to it from private sources, including CCIX, PlusAI management, and counsel, and did not independently verify such information; • relied upon the fact that the CCIX Board, CCIX, and parties to the Agreement have been advised by counsel as to all legal matters with respect to the Agreement and the Purchase Price, including whether procedures required by law to be taken in connection with the Agreement and the Purchase Price, if any, have been duly, validly, and timely taken. Ocean Tomo is not a legal, regulatory or tax expert and has relied, without independent verification, on the assessment of CCIX and its advisors with respect to such matters; • assumed that estimates, evaluations, and unit economics & deployment schedule information furnished to Ocean Tomo, if any, were reasonably prepared and based upon the best currently available information and good faith judgment of the person furnishing the same, and Ocean Tomo expresses no opinion with respect to such information or the underlying assumptions; • assumed that information supplied and representations made by CCIX, PlusAI management, and counsel are substantially accurate regarding PlusAI and the Transactions; • assumed that the final versions of all documents reviewed by Ocean Tomo in draft form will conform in all material respects to the drafts reviewed; • assumed that there has been no material change in the assets, liabilities, financial condition, results of operations, business, or prospects of PlusAI since the date of the most recent financial statements and other information made available to Ocean Tomo, and that there is no information or facts that would make the information reviewed by Ocean Tomo incomplete or misleading; and • did not make any independent valuation or appraisal of the assets or liabilities of PlusAI. To the extent that any of the foregoing assumptions or any of the facts on which this Opinion is based prove to be untrue in any material respect, this Opinion cannot and should not be relied upon. Furthermore, in Ocean Tomo’s analysis and in connection with the preparation of this Opinion, Ocean Tomo has made numerous assumptions with respect to industry performance, general business, market and economic conditions and other matters, many of which are beyond the control of any party involved in the business combination. Ocean Tomo prepared the Opinion effective as of the Opinion Date. The Opinion is based upon market, economic, financial and other conditions as they existed and could be evaluated as of the Opinion Date. Ocean Tomo disclaims any undertaking or obligation to advise any person of any change in any fact or matter affecting the Opinion which may come or be brought to the attention of Ocean Tomo after the Opinion Date. Ocean Tomo has not been requested to, and did not, (1) initiate any discussions with, or solicit any indications of interest from, third parties with respect to the business combination, or (2) advise CCIX or any other party with respect to alternatives to the business combination. The Opinion was furnished solely for the use and benefit of CCIX in connection with assessing the fairness of the Purchase Price. The Opinion is not intended to be used by CCIX or others for any other purpose, including, without limitation, compliance under any state statutes governing transfers or distributions. The Opinion is not intended to, and does not, confer any rights or remedies upon any other person, and is not intended to be used, and may not be used, by any other person or for any other purpose, without Ocean Tomo’s express consent which has not been provided except as stated in Annex F to this proxy statement/prospectus. The Opinion is not and should not be construed as a credit rating or a solvency opinion, an analysis of PlusAI’s credit worthiness, as tax advice, or as accounting advice. Ocean Tomo has not made, and assumes no responsibility to make, any representation, or render any opinion, as to any legal matter. The Opinion (1) does not address the merits of the underlying business decision to enter into the business combination versus any alternative strategy or transaction; (2) does not address any other transaction; and (3) was not a recommendation as to how the CCIX Board should vote or act with respect to any matters relating to the business combination, or whether to proceed with the business combination or any related transaction. The decision as to whether to proceed with the business combination or any related transaction may depend on an assessment of factors unrelated to the financial analysis on which the Opinion was based. The Opinion should not be construed as creating any fiduciary duty on the part of Ocean Tomo to any party. Summary of Financial Analyses In preparing the Opinion, Ocean Tomo utilized two valuation approaches to determine the implied value of PlusAI, specifically the Discounted Cash Flow (“DCF”) method of the income approach and the market approach (as described in further detail below). For purposes of its financial analyses, Ocean Tomo assumed that the Purchase Price set forth in the Merger Agreement had a value equal to $1.2 billion. The following is a summary of the financial analyses performed by Ocean Tomo in connection with the preparation of the Opinion presented to CCIX. For each valuation approach, Ocean Tomo considered four possible scenarios. The four scenarios were based on the unit economics provided by CCIX and PlusAI with sensitivities around (1) the timing of truck deployments in the U.S. and Europe and (2) truck utilization/truck miles driven annually. The following is a summary of the scenarios considered by Ocean Tomo in connection with the preparation of its Opinion and orally presented to the CCIX Board on June 2, 2025, after which Ocean Tomo delivered its written Opinion on June 5, 2025: • Base Case. Uses the unit economics on an unadjusted basis and assumes PlusAI begins initial commercialization in 2027 and its long-term operating targets in 2030 (“Base Case”). • Scenario 2. Assumes that the truck deployment roll-out from 100 trucks to 1,000 trucks in the Base Case is delayed by one year, in both the U.S. and Europe (“Scenario 2”). • Scenario 3. Assumes the same deployment delay from Scenario 2 with the additional assumptions of (1) first-year truck utilization being reduced by 10% from the Base Case assumptions and (2) all of Europe deployment being pushed back a year (“Scenario 3”). • Scenario 4. Assumes the same sensitivities from Scenario 3 with the additional assumptions of (1) a 10% haircut to all deployments, and (2) a lag in Europe utilization by three years relative to U.S. utilization (starting at 50% utilization in 2030) (“Scenario 4”). Discounted Cash Flow Analysis The DCF method of the income approach estimates the value of a company as the present value of expected future cash flows that a business can be expected to generate. The DCF method begins with an estimation of the annual cash flows the subject business is expected to generate over a discrete projection period (e.g., a 16-year period). The estimated cash flows for each of the years in the discrete projection period are then converted to their present value equivalents using a discount rate appropriate for the risk of achieving the projected cash flows. The present value of the estimated discrete period cash flows is then added to the present value equivalent of the residual/terminal value of the business at the end of the discrete projection period to arrive at an estimate of total value. The terminal value is the value of a business beyond the explicit forecast period and represents the future cash flows expected to be generated by the business into perpetuity. The DCF analyses performed by Ocean Tomo considered both the Gordon Growth Model and Exit Multiples Approach when calculating the terminal value of the business in each scenario. The Gordon Growth Model is a formula used to calculate the terminal value that assumes that the cash flows generated by the subject company will increase at a constant growth rate into perpetuity. The Exit Multiples approach assumes that the value of a business can be determined at the end of a projected period based on the existing public market valuations of comparable companies. Exit multiples are derived from comparable companies by dividing enterprise value (“EV”) by current or expected financial performance indicators such as revenue or earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”). The selected multiples are then applied to the revenue or EBITDA at the end of the discrete forecast period to arrive at an undiscounted indication of the terminal value. Ocean Tomo’s DCF analyses of PlusAI considered the forecasted discrete period of estimation from fiscal year ending December 31 (“FYE”), 2025 through FYE 2040 – 2042, depending on the scenario. Ocean Tomo arrived at each indication of value by adding both the present value of the discrete period cash flows and a terminal value. This forecasted unlevered cash flow information was developed by Ocean Tomo based on the unit economics information, interviews with PlusAI management, and tax documentation provided by CCIX, and by Ocean Tomo applying the related assumptions around such unit economic information as described further in the section entitled “Unit Economics” and its industry expertise. Risk in each scenario was determined through Ocean Tomo’s selected discount rate, which was calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (“CAPM”) approach, in addition to identifying qualitative measures of risk and benchmarking against venture capital and private equity rates of return for companies at similar stages of development and commercialization. The selected range of discount rates was calculated using the weighted average cost of capital formula and considered factors such as the results of published studies on discount rates and industry capital costs. In determining an EV/revenue and EV/EBITDA exit multiple for purposes of calculating a terminal value, Ocean Tomo reviewed certain financial data for 20 selected companies with publicly traded equity securities that were deemed relevant. The selected benchmarks were software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) companies given PlusAI’s SaaS business model. The selected companies and resulting median, mean, and quartile data included the following: • AppLovin Corporation; • Autodesk, Inc.; • Bentley Systems, Incorporated; • Box, Inc.; • CSG Systems International, Inc.; • Datadog, Inc.; • DocuSign, Inc.; • Dropbox, Inc.; • Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc.; • Nutanix, Inc.; • Paycom Software, Inc.; • Paylocity Holding Corporation; • Pegasystems Inc.; • Sabre Corporation; • Teradata Corporation; • Tyler Technologies, Inc.; • Unisys Corporation; • Veeva Systems Inc.; • Workday, Inc.; and • ZoomInfo Technologies Inc.
EBITDA: Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. EV: Enterprise Value = market capitalization plus preferred stock plus outstanding debt minus cash and equivalents. For the Gordon Growth model, Ocean Tomo calculated the terminal value for each scenario using a 3% terminal growth rate. For the Exit Multiple Approach, Ocean Tomo utilized an EV/revenue exit multiple of 3.2x. The multiple utilized reflects the 1st Quartile EV/revenue multiple of the selected public companies identified above. We selected the first quartile to account for the fact that PlusAI will be at a mature level of growth at the end of the discrete forecast period. For the Gordon Growth Model and Exit Multiple Approach calculations, Ocean Tomo utilized a discount rate of 30%, consistent with the risk identified in the CAPM approach and venture capital and private equity rates of return that were considered. Ocean Tomo’s use of such terminal value calculations assumes normalized growth and risk at the point of exit for each scenario. Based on these assumptions and methodologies, the DCF analysis indicated an implied range of enterprise values from approximately $1.3 billion to $2.5 billion. Market Approach The market approach provides an estimation of EV by applying a valuation multiple derived from public company data to a specific financial metric for the subject company. Valuation multiples are derived from the market prices of actively traded public companies, publicly available historical financial information, and consensus equity analyst research estimates of future financial performance or prices paid in actual mergers, acquisitions, or other transactions. Ocean Tomo conducted two separate Market Approaches. The first applies stabilized guideline public company valuation multiples to PlusAI’s future revenues and EBITDA (“Mature Market Approach”). Ocean Tomo identified 20 publicly traded companies as benchmarks for the Mature Market Approach (the “Selected Mature Publicly Traded Companies”). Ocean Tomo chose the Selected Mature Publicly Traded Companies based on the comparability of their SaaS business models and stage of maturity. Ocean Tomo also identified Mobileye Global Inc., a mature player in the autonomous vehicle space, that was corroborative of the median of the Selected Mature Publicly Traded Companies. Ocean Tomo does not have access to non-public information on the Selected Mature Publicly Traded Companies. Ocean Tomo developed estimates of value for PlusAI by multiplying LTM valuation multiples of the Selected Mature Publicly Traded Companies by PlusAI’s discounted (to today) future revenues and EBITDA. The selected years of future revenues and EBITDAs were determined based on PlusAI’s deployment schedule maturity and comparable profit magnitudes, respectively. Ocean Tomo noted that none of the Selected Mature Publicly Traded Companies are perfectly comparable to PlusAI. Thus, Ocean Tomo considered the best comparable company (Aurora Innovation) in its second Market Approach discussed below. Aurora Innovation, Inc. (“Aurora”) is the most comparable company to PlusAI from industry, risk, technology, and stage of development perspectives. Given this comparability and Aurora’s recent closed upsized public offering, Ocean Tomo believes that applying Aurora’s valuation multiple to PlusAI captures current market sentiment and pricing for a comparable company and provides a relevant and realistic benchmark for estimating the value of PlusAI (“Implied Aurora Valuation”). Given the difference in maturity between both companies, Ocean Tomo utilized Aurora’s FY+3 (2027) Enterprise Value/Revenue multiple and discounted PlusAI’s future performance to when it achieves a similar level of revenue and growth. Both the Mature Market Approach and the Implied Aurora Valuation were quantitatively included in our determination of value for PlusAI. The tables below summarize certain observed historical and forecasted financial performance and trading multiples of the Selected Mature Publicly Traded Companies and Aurora. Selected Publicly Traded Companies Ocean Tomo reviewed certain financial data for 22 selected companies with publicly traded equity securities that were deemed relevant (the 20 Selected Mature Publicly Traded Companies in addition to Mobileye and Aurora). The selected companies and resulting median, mean, and quartile data included the following: • AppLovin Corporation; • Autodesk, Inc.; • Bentley Systems, Incorporated; • Box, Inc.; • CSG Systems International, Inc.; • Datadog, Inc.; • DocuSign, Inc.; • Dropbox, Inc.; • Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc.; • Nutanix, Inc.; • Paycom Software, Inc.; • Paylocity Holding Corporation; • Pegasystems Inc.; • Sabre Corporation; • Teradata Corporation; • Tyler Technologies, Inc.; • Unisys Corporation; • Veeva Systems Inc.; • Workday, Inc.; • ZoomInfo Technologies Inc.; • Mobileye Global Inc.; and • Aurora Innovation, Inc.
EBITDA: Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. EV: Enterprise Value = market capitalization plus preferred stock plus outstanding debt minus cash and equivalents. Based on the results of the Selected Publicly Traded Company analysis, and its experience and professional judgment, Ocean Tomo applied an EV/revenue multiple of 6.20x and an EV/EBITDA multiple of 36.99x for each scenario. The multiples utilized reflected the median EV/revenue and EV/EBITDA multiples of the selected public companies noted above. The Mature Market Approach indicated a range of enterprise values for PlusAI of approximately $1.7 billion to $2.7 billion based on EV/revenue multiples and approximately $2.3 billion to $3.5 billion based on EV/EBITDA multiples, in each case as compared to the $1.2 billion Purchase Price. The Implied Aurora Valuation indicated a range of enterprise values for PlusAI of approximately $2.8 billion to $3.3 billion based on Aurora’s FY+3 EV/revenue multiple. Implied Value Per Share Calculation In conjunction with the valuation of PlusAI, Ocean Tomo performed a post-Closing pro forma implied value per share calculation to determine the implied pro forma value per share for the shareholders of CCIX at Closing under various redemption scenarios. For the purposes of its calculation, Ocean Tomo utilized the average of all its DCF and market approach enterprise valuations for each of the four different valuation scenarios described above. The average EV from each scenario was then adjusted for the expected cash in the trust account at Closing (assuming both no redemptions by holders of CCIX public shares, referred to as the No Redemption Scenario and the scenario in which redemptions by holders of CCIX public shares result in $100.0 million in Available Closing SPAC Cash at Closing, referred to as the $100 Million Available Closing SPAC Cash Scenario) and estimated transaction expenses of $35 million as provided by CCIX. The adjusted average EV from each scenario was then divided by two different post-Closing outstanding share counts which were based on the following two redemption scenarios provided by CCIX: (1) redemptions of CCIX public shares resulting in $100.0 million in the trust account at Closing and (2) no redemptions of CCIX public shares. This analysis indicated the ranges of implied pro forma values per share of CCIX Class A Ordinary Shares shown in the table below. Ocean Tomo compared these ranges to the illustrative redemption value for a CCIX public share of $10.41.
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Report, Opinion, or Appraisal Summary, Bases for Findings and Methods [Text Block] | Conclusion Ocean Tomo estimated the range of equity values for PlusAI to be $2.0 billion - $3.0 billion based on four different scenarios and approaches as noted above. Additionally, based on Ocean Tomo’s post-Closing pro formaimplied value per share analysis, Ocean Tomo estimated the range of pro forma implied value per share for CCIX public shares to be $12.56 to $18.16 based on the different scenarios noted above. Based upon and subject to the foregoing, Ocean Tomo is of the opinion that, as of the Opinion Date, the Purchase Price pursuant to the Merger Agreement is fair, from a financial perspective, to the shareholders of CCIX (other than the Sponsor). |