NOTE 13 - LEASE ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

Our adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), and subsequent ASUs related to Topic 842, requires us to recognize substantially all leases on the balance sheet as an ROU asset and a corresponding lease liability. The new guidance also requires additional disclosures as detailed below. We adopted this standard on the effective date of November 1, 2020 and used this effective date as the date of initial application. Under this application method, we were not required to restate prior period financial information or provide Topic 842 disclosures for prior periods. We elected the ‘package of practical expedients,’ which permitted us to not reassess our prior conclusions related to lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs, and we did not elect the use of hindsight.

We determine if a contract is a lease at the inception of the arrangement. We review all options to extend, terminate, or purchase the ROU assets, and when reasonably certain to exercise, we include the option in the determination of the lease term and lease liability. We have six operating leases related to our office space in Tokyo with remaining lease terms of 1 to over 3 years. We recognized $63,894 and $57,580 in operating lease costs for the three months ended January 31, 2025 and January 31, 2024, respectively.

Lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date of the lease, based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes any lease incentives. When readily determinable, we use the implicit rate in determining the present value of lease payments. When leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date, including the lease term.

The tables below present financial information associated with our leases. As noted above, we adopted Topic 842 using a transition method that does not require application to periods prior to adoption.

NOTE 14 - ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER PAYABLES   

Accrued expenses and other payables are comprised of trade accounts payable, accrued payroll tax liabilities and accrued expenses. As of January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024, the Company had accrued expenses and other payables of $324,757 and $1,186,679, respectively. Details of the accrued expenses and other payables as of January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024 are as follows: