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shares
Cover [Abstract]  
Entity Central Index Key 0002054992
Amendment Flag false
Document Type 424B3
Entity Registrant Name LINCOLN BAIN CAPITAL TOTAL CREDIT FUND
Fee Table [Abstract]  
Shareholder Transaction Expenses [Table Text Block]
    
Class A
   
Class D
   
Class I
   
Class IS
 
SHAREHOLDER TRANSACTION FEES
        
Maximum sales load imposed on purchases
(1)
     3.00     3.50     None       None  
Maximum early repurchase fee
(2)
     2.00     2.00     2.00     2.00
(1)
Investors purchasing Class A Shares may be charged a
front-end
sales load of up to 3.00% of the investor’s purchase. Investors purchasing Class D Shares may be charged a
front-end
sales load of up to 3.50% of the investor’s purchase. The table assumes the maximum sales load is charged. The Distributor may, in its discretion, waive all or a portion of the sales load for certain investors. While Class I and Class IS Shares do not charge a
front-end
sales load, if you purchase Class I or Class IS Shares through certain Financial Intermediaries, such Financial Intermediaries may directly charge you transaction or other fees in such amount as they may determine. Please consult your financial firm for additional information. See “
Purchase of Shares
” and “
Plan of Distribution
.”
(2)
A 2.00% early repurchase fee payable to the Fund will be charged with respect to the repurchase of an investor’s Shares at any time prior to the day immediately preceding the
one-year
anniversary of an investor’s purchase of the Shares (on a “first
in-first
out” basis) (“Early Repurchase Fee”). An Early Repurchase Fee payable by an investor may be waived by the Fund, in circumstances where the Board determines that doing so is in the best interests of the Fund and that will not discriminate unfairly against any investor. The Early Repurchase Fee will be retained by the Fund for the benefit of the remaining investors. See “
Share Repurchase Program.
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]  
Annual Expenses [Table Text Block]
ESTIMATED ANNUAL FUND EXPENSES
(3)
(as a percentage of average net assets attributable to Shares)
        
Investment Management Fee
(4)
     1.33     1.33     1.33     1.33
Incentive Fee
(5)
     0.00     0.00     0.00     0.00
Interest payments on borrowed funds and securities sold short
(6)
     2.10     2.10     2.10     2.10
Other expenses
(7)
     1.00     1.00     1.00     1.00
Distribution Fees
(12b-1)
(8)
     0.60     0.25     None       None  
Shareholder Services Fee
(9)
     0.25     0.25     None       0.25
Total annual fund expenses
     5.28     4.93     4.43     4.68
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Expense reimbursement
(10)
     (0.33 %)      (0.33 %)      (0.33 %)      (0.33 %) 
Total annual fund expenses after expense reimbursement
(10)
     4.95     4.60     4.10     4.35
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
(3)
Assuming estimated average net assets for the Fund of $100 million plus leverage of $33 million during the Fund’s first twelve months of operations. Actual expenses will depend on the number of Shares the Fund sells in this offering and the amount of leverage the Fund employs, if any. There can be no assurance that the Fund will obtain $100 million of inflows during the following twelve months or be able to obtain leverage. In order to illustrate the costs associated with the Fund’s intended leveraging strategy, and the fees
  and expenses the Fund will bear as it implements it leveraging strategy, the table below sets forth the Fund’s expenses with respect to
each
class of Shares if the Fund does not use leverage:
ESTIMATED ANNUAL FUND EXPENSES (WITH NO LEVERAGE)
(as a percentage of average net assets attributable to Shares)
 
    
Class A
   
Class D
   
Class I
   
Class IS
 
Investment Management Fee
(4)
     1.00     1.00     1.00     1.00
Incentive Fee
(5)
     0.00     0.00     0.00     0.00
Interest payments on borrowed funds and securities sold short
(6)
     0.00     0.00     0.00     0.00
Other expenses
(7)
     1.00     1.00     1.00     1.00
Distribution Fees
(12b-1)
(8)
     0.60     0.25     None       None  
Shareholder Services Fee
(9)
     0.25     0.25     None       0.25
Total annual fund expenses
     2.85     2.50     2.00     2.25
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Expense reimbursement
(10)
     (0.00 %)      (0.00 %)      (0.00 %)      (0.00 %) 
Total annual fund expenses after expense reimbursement
(10)
  
 
2.85
 
 
2.50
 
 
2.00
 
 
2.25
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
(4)
The Management Fee paid by the Fund is calculated at the annual rate of 1.00% of the Fund’s gross assets, which includes assets purchased with borrowed money. The table above assumes that the Fund borrows money for investment purposes at an average amount of 33% of its net assets (i.e., gross assets are expected to be 133% of net assets). If the Fund borrows to a lesser extent or not at all, the Management Fee would decrease as a percentage of Fund net assets. See Summary of Terms—Leverage.
(5)
The Fund may have net investment income that could result in the payment of an incentive fee in the first year of investment operations. The Incentive Fee is 15% of the Fund’s
Pre-Incentive
Fee Net Investment Income in excess of the Hurdle Amount (defined below). The Fund expects the Incentive Fee the Fund pays to increase to the extent the Fund earns greater income. The Incentive Fee, calculated and payable quarterly in arrears, is determined for each share class as follows: (i) no Incentive Fee is payable for any calendar quarter in which the class’s
Pre-Incentive
Fee Net Investment Income does not exceed 1.50% of that class’s
beginning-of-quarter
NAV (the “Hurdle Amount”); (ii) 100% of the class’s
Pre-Incentive
Fee Net Investment Income that exceeds the Hurdle Amount but is less than 1.765% of NAV (the
“Catch-Up
Amount”) is payable to the Adviser, so that the cumulative Incentive Fee for the quarter equals 15% of the class’s total
Pre-Incentive
Fee Net Investment Income once the
Catch-Up
Amount is reached; and (iii) 15% of the class’s
Pre-Incentive
Fee Net Investment Income that exceeds 1.765% of NAV in the quarter is payable to the Adviser. As one cannot predict whether the Fund will meet the necessary performance targets, the tables above assume no incentive fee. Once fully invested, incentive fees may accrue to the extent the Fund earns net investment income. For example, if the Fund achieves net investment income of 1.5% of NAV for a quarter, no incentive fees would be payable because the Hurdle Amount was not exceeded. If instead the Fund achieved net investment income of 2.5% of net assets in a quarter, an incentive fee equal to approximately 0.375% of Fund net assets would be payable. See “Investment Management Fee and Incentive Fee—Incentive Fee” for more information concerning the incentive fees.
(6)
These expenses represent estimated interest payments the Fund expects to incur in connection with its expected credit facility and short sales during the current fiscal year. See
Summary of Terms—Leverage
. The amount shown in the table above is based on the assumption that the Fund borrows money for investment purposes at an average amount of 33% of its net assets.
(7)
Other expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year and include accounting, custody, transfer agency, legal, valuation agent, pricing vendor and auditing fees of the Fund and fees payable to the Independent Trustees, as well as payments to the Administrator to provide or procure administrative and support services and corporate-level services under the Administration Agreement with The Lincoln National Life Insurance Company.
(8)
Class A Shares will pay to the Distributor a distribution fee that will accrue at an annual rate equal to 0.60% of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of each applicable month attributable to Class A Shares. Class D Shares will pay to the Distributor a distribution fee that will accrue at an annual rate equal to 0.25% of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of each applicable month attributable to Class D Shares (as applicable, the “Distribution Fee”). See “
Plan of Distribution
”.
(9)
Class A, Class D, and Class IS Shares charges a shareholder services fee of up to 0.25% per year (the “Shareholder Services Fee”) under the Administration Agreement with The Lincoln National Life Insurance Company. Such services include, but are not limited to, responding to operational inquiries from Shareholders; processing purchase, redemption and exchange orders with the Fund’s transfer agent; and providing Shareholders with automatic investment services, including investments in Fund.
(10)
The Adviser and the Fund have entered into the Expense Limitation Agreement under which the Adviser has agreed contractually to pay, absorb or reimburse certain expenses of the Fund to limit the Fund’s Operating Expenses, calculated and reimbursed on a
Class-by-Class
basis in respect of each of Class A, Class D, Class I, and Class IS with the exception of (i) interest, taxes, dividends tied to short sales, and brokerage commissions; (ii) underlying fund fees and expenses; (iii) other expenses attributable to, and incurred as a result of, the Fund’s investments; (iv) Incentive Fees; and (v) extraordinary expenses (including litigation expenses) not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business (as determined in the discretion of the Adviser), to no more than 2.85%, 2.50%, 2.00%, and 2.25% for Class A, Class D, Class I, and Class IS Shares, respectively, on an annualized basis, of the Fund’s average daily net assets (the “Operating Expense Limit”).
In consideration of the Adviser’s agreement to reimburse certain of the Fund’s expenses, the Fund has agreed to repay the Adviser a Reimbursement Amount in respect of each of Class A, Class D, Class I, and Class IS for three years after a reimbursement, subject to the limitation that a reimbursement will be made only if and to the extent that the Fund is able to effect such payments to the Adviser and remain in compliance with: (i) the Operating Expense Limit in effect at the time the waiver or payment of the Reimbursement Amount occurred and (ii) the Operating Expense Limit in effect at the time such reimbursement is sought. The Expense Limitation Agreement will remain in effect through August 1, 2027, unless and until the Board approves its modification or termination. Thereafter, the Expense Limitation Agreement shall renew automatically for one year terms unless the Adviser provides written notice of termination of the Agreement to the Fund at least ten (10) days prior to the end of the then current term. See “
Fund Expenses—Expense Limitation Agreement
” for additional information.
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Expense Example [Table Text Block]
Example:
The following example demonstrates the projected dollar amount of total expenses that would be incurred over various periods with respect to a hypothetical investment in Shares. In calculating the following expense amounts, the Fund has assumed its direct and indirect annual operating expenses would remain at the percentage levels set forth in the table above (except that the example incorporates the expense reimbursement arrangement for only the two years).
An investor would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5.0% annual return:
 
    
1 Year
    
3 Years
    
5 Years
    
10 Years
 
Class A
   $ 78      $ 178      $ 280      $ 532  
Class D
   $ 80      $ 172      $ 268      $ 509  
Class I
   $ 41      $ 128      $ 219      $ 452  
Class IS
   $ 44      $ 135      $ 230      $ 472  
The example above excludes the Early Repurchase Fee, which would apply if Shares were repurchased within one year of their purchase. While the example assumes a 5.0% annual return, as required by the SEC, the Fund’s performance will vary and may result in a return greater or less than 5.0%. The Fund pays an Incentive Fee on
 
returns exceeding an annual rate of 6.00%. If the Fund achieves sufficient returns to trigger an incentive fee, both returns to Fund Shareholders and expenses would be higher. The example assumes the maximum sales load is charged on Class A and Class D Shares. For a more complete description of the various fees and expenses borne directly and indirectly by the Fund, see “
Fund Expenses
” and “
Investment Management Fee and Incentive Fee
.”
This example should not be considered a
representation
of future expenses, and actual expenses (including the cost of debt, if any, and other expenses) may be greater or less than those shown
.
Purpose of Fee Table , Note [Text Block] The following table illustrates the aggregate fees and expenses that the Fund expects to incur and that Shareholders can expect to bear directly or indirectly.
Basis of Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block] as a percentage of average net assets attributable to Shares
Other Expenses, Note [Text Block] Other expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year and include accounting, custody, transfer agency, legal, valuation agent, pricing vendor and auditing fees of the Fund and fees payable to the Independent Trustees, as well as payments to the Administrator to provide or procure administrative and support services and corporate-level services under the Administration Agreement with The Lincoln National Life Insurance Company.
Management Fee not based on Net Assets, Note [Text Block]
The Management Fee paid by the Fund is calculated at the annual rate of 1.00% of the Fund’s gross assets, which includes assets purchased with borrowed money. The table above assumes that the Fund borrows money for investment purposes at an average amount of 33% of its net assets (i.e., gross assets are expected to be 133% of net assets). If the Fund borrows to a lesser extent or not at all, the Management Fee would decrease as a percentage of Fund net assets. See Summary of Terms—Leverage.
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Investment Objectives and Practices [Text Block]
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, OPPORTUNITIES AND STRATEGIES
Investment Objective
The Fund’s investment objective is to seek high risk-adjusted returns across various market cycles with a focus on current income. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.
Investment Opportunities and Strategies
The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by primarily investing in a globally varied portfolio of liquid and illiquid credit investments. These investments may include, among other things, directly originated loans, secured and unsecured floating and fixed rate syndicated loans and securities, corporate bonds (both investment grade and below investment grade), debt and equity of CLOs and other credit focused vehicles, asset-backed securities, real estate loans, asset-based lending, specialty finance, opportunistic credit, other credit investments, equity
co-investments,
credit-backed derivatives, exchange-traded funds ETFs, and cash and cash equivalents. Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Fund’s portfolio, including borrowings for investment purposes, will represent credit investments.
The Fund will seek to capitalize on investments across a number of different credit and income focused investment strategies pursued by the
Sub-Adviser.
These strategies seek to also capitalize on market inefficiencies and relative value opportunities throughout the entire global credit spectrum.
The Fund targets a wide range of investment opportunities, and will focus primarily on the following investment types:
Corporate Direct Lending
. The Fund expects to invest in loans to middle market companies. The term “middle market” refers to companies with between $10.0 million and $150.0 million in annual earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). However, the Fund may, from time to time, invest in larger or smaller companies. These investments may include senior secured floating-rate loans, as well as junior capital opportunities, such as second-lien loans, mezzanine debt and preferred equity, among others.
Asset Based Finance
. The Fund expects to invest in asset-based finance, including, but not limited to, lending with respect to real estate, transportation, aviation, infrastructure, power and royalty assets, CLO debt and equity and other asset-backed securities. Asset-backed securities include, but are not limited to, residential mortgage-backed securities, commercial real estate-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, aircraft leasing transactions and infrastructure transactions. Asset based finance may also include, among other things, significant risk transfers and loans and related debt instruments supported by consumer finance (such as loans or debt securities backed by credit card receivables or residential real estate loans), fund finance, commercial finance (such as equipment leasing).
Opportunistic Credit
. The Fund expects to invest in opportunistic credit investments, including mispriced assets during periods of market dislocation, the debt of distressed or stressed companies that may require a restructuring, and other distressed or stressed credit opportunities, which may include rescue financings, capital solution investments (including via equity investments) and
debtor-in-possession
(“DIP”) financing. Distressed debt opportunities are generally less liquid and trade at substantial discounts to par.
More Liquid Investments
. The Fund expects to invest in syndicated bank loans, high yield debt, exchange-traded funds, and cash and cash equivalents. Syndicated bank loans, or leveraged loans, typically pay a floating rate of interest. Loans may be senior or subordinated and are generally secured by collateral of the issuer. High-yield bonds are corporate bonds rated below investment-grade. These investments may be secured or unsecured and typically pay fixed cash interest. The Fund may also invest in equity or equity-like securities (including, without limitation, preferred and common stock, publicly listed and privately placed equity, warrants and convertibles), as well as derivatives and hedges.
 
The Fund’s 80% policy with respect to investments in credit investments is not fundamental and may be changed by the Board without Shareholder approval. Shareholders will be provided with sixty (60) days’ notice in the manner prescribed by the SEC before the Fund makes any change to this policy. The Fund’s investments in derivatives, other investment companies, and other instruments designed to obtain indirect exposure to credit investments are counted towards the 80% investment policy to the extent such instruments have similar economic characteristics to the investments included within that policy.
Other Investment Strategies
The Fund may also invest in notes, bills, debentures, convertible and preferred securities, government and municipal obligations and other credit instruments with similar economic characteristics. In addition, from time to time, the Fund may invest in or hold common stock and other equity securities incidental to the purchase or ownership of a credit investment or in connection with a reorganization of a borrower. The Fund may engage in short sales. The Fund may use derivatives to gain investment exposure to credit instruments, provide downside protection and to dampen volatility. In particular, the Fund expects to seek to hedge all or a portion of the Fund’s foreign currency risk through the use of foreign currency forward contracts. Derivative instruments used by the Fund will be counted toward the Fund’s 80% policy. As a result, the market value of a derivative instrument that provides the Fund with indirect exposure to the applicable investments and asset classes will be counted toward the Fund’s 80% policy. Derivatives may allow the Fund to increase or decrease the level of risk to which the Fund is exposed more quickly and efficiently than transactions in other types of instruments. The Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies, including ETFs, to the extent that these investments are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective, strategies and policies and permissible under the 1940 Act or any applicable exemption therefrom. The Fund may invest in other investment companies to gain broad market or sector exposure, including during periods when it has large amounts of uninvested cash or when the Fund believes share prices of other investment companies offer attractive values.
Other Characteristics
Foreign Instruments.
The Fund expects to make investments in
non-U.S.
entities. The Fund reserves the right to purchase securities that are foreign currency denominated. Some
non-U.S.
securities may be less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. issuers. Factors considered in determining whether an issuer may be deemed to be from a particular foreign country or geographic region include, among others, the issuer’s principal trading market, the country in which the issuer was legally organized, and whether the issuer derives a substantial portion of its operations or assets from a particular country or region or derives a substantial portion of its revenue or profits from businesses, investments or sales outside of the United States.
Illiquid and Restricted Securities.
The Fund invests in instruments that, at the time of investment, are illiquid (generally, those securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the value at which the Fund has valued the securities). The Fund may also invest, without limit, in securities that are unregistered (but are eligible for purchase and sale by certain qualified institutional buyers) or are held by control persons of the issuer and securities that are subject to contractual restrictions on their resale.
Cash and Short-Term Investments.
The Fund may invest its cash balances in money market instruments, U.S. government securities, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, repurchase agreements and other high-quality debt instruments maturing in one year or less, among other instruments. In addition, and in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions, the Fund may invest in high-quality fixed income securities, money market instruments and money market funds or may hold significant positions in cash or cash equivalents for defensive purposes.
Overview of Investment Process
The Fund is principally managed by Bain’s Credit team, with three Portfolio Managers. Bain’s Credit team benefits from the perspectives and expertise of groups across various Bain Capital, LP (“Bain Capital”) business
 
units. The Portfolio Management team provides
day-to-day
management of the Fund, with substantial input from the Asset Allocation team. The Asset Allocation team consists of the Portfolio Management team and multiple senior leaders from across the platform and is charged with setting strategic asset allocation and risk exposure for the Fund. Portfolio construction is conducted with input from investment teams across the Credit platform. Portfolio Managers collectively determine investment selection, sector allocation, and risk exposure, for which the Risk and Oversight Committee provides additional support and monitoring. Given the Fund’s broad mandate, Portfolio Managers rely on investment recommendations from other Bain Capital teams.
Investment opportunities are sourced through the appropriate teams, which follow their own rigorous processes to analyze and approve investments. While the Fund will only participate in investments that are approved by those teams, Portfolio Management has full discretion on which deals are included in the portfolio.
Idea Generation and
Bottom-Up
Fundamental Analysis
. Bain Capital Credit’s large and experienced investment teams generate investment opportunities through their long-standing relationships with companies, sponsors and broader market participants. As one of 12 business units at Bain Capital, Bain Capital Credit benefits from the power of the global Bain Capital platform to generate and evaluate investment ideas. Bain’s diligence process begins with fundamental
bottom-up
analysis that focuses on both the individual investment opportunity as well as the broader industry dynamics that shape the investment. Bain believes that broader industry analysis is highly relevant to making successful credit investments and therefore has built one of the largest industry focused credit teams.
Industry specialists conduct detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis at both the industry and issuer level using proprietary research, onsite visits with management teams and sponsors, third party independent research and interviews, industry conferences, channel checks, and conversations with industry specialists, among other tools. Bain’s approach to making investments generally involves evaluating the following investment characteristics: market definition, market size and growth prospects, competitive analysis, historical financial performance, margin analysis and cost structure, quality of earnings, capital structure, access to capital markets, and regulatory, tax, and legal matters. Bain also places significant emphasis on the quality and track record of the controlling shareholders and management teams. Bain’s depth of sponsor relationships and deep experience with banks also provide an advantage in terms of sourcing and securing deals. The ultimate goal is to establish a well-rounded and thoughtful opinion of a particular industry, issuer, and/or specific deal. It is the depth and quality of this analysis that is central to Bain’s diligence process.
Investment Approval
. The Portfolio Managers have discretion to select investments for the Fund from across the Bain Credit platform. The team recommending an investment will typically create a credit pack or memo, full model, and capital structure legal analysis. The approval process for a specific investment varies and is determined by the type and geographic location of the investment. In general, to be approved the investment must be presented to a credit committee consisting of senior investment professionals. This flexible approach provides a rigorous investment decision making process that Bain expects to enable the Fund to be nimble across a variety of market environments while still maintaining high credit underwriting standards
Dynamic Asset Allocation
. The credit markets are continuously evolving, so the Fund is designed to be dynamic. The Asset Allocation team, along with the Portfolio Management team, follows a
top-down
framework intended to inform our positioning over the credit cycle. The Asset Allocation team meets frequently to discuss multiple factors, which generally fall into the following three categories: macroeconomic environment, relative value, and risk management. Through an assessment and discussion of these investment factors, the team determines strategic asset allocation and risk exposure. The Portfolio Management team is then charged with
day-to-day
management of the strategy.
Additionally, Bain’s Risk and Oversight Committee conducts regular analyses on the exposure of the Fund to macroeconomic risks. The Portfolio Managers meet periodically with the Risk and Oversight Committees to discuss the portfolio positioning and any inherent macro level risks.
 
Risk Management
. The Portfolio Management team is primarily responsible for portfolio risk, looking first and foremost at individual credit risk. The Portfolio Management Team continuously updates its views on credits and maintain a vast database of quantitative and qualitative issuer information. In order to maintain a holistic view of market risks, the Portfolio Management team constantly engages in dialogue with groups across Bain Capital, which facilitates timely decisions around asset class and sector rotation. In addition, the Portfolio Managers monitor risk by looking at a wide variety of metrics across the portfolios to determine overall risk exposure at the deal level, industry level, and fund level, including but not limited to: issuer concentration, industry concentration, asset class mix, leverage, asset spreads, asset ratings distributions, and asset durations, among others.
To complement portfolio risk monitoring, Bain conducts a proprietary analysis to assess financial system risk, relative and absolute asset class valuations, performance monitoring, and fundamental economic trends at the macro level. This analysis is distributed internally to investment professionals and highlights important trends and potential concerns in the market. Portfolios are also monitored via a series of reports, including daily risk and daily fund performance reports.
Finally, the Risk and Oversight Committee is responsible for monitoring and reviewing risk management, including portfolio risk, counterparty risk, and firm-wide risk issues. Portfolio Managers meet with the Risk and Oversight Committee on a periodic and
ad-hoc
basis. Many factors of risk are considered including counterparty exposure, asset allocation, investor base, and returns.
Risk Factors [Table Text Block]
TYPES OF INVESTMENTS AND RELATED RISKS
Prospective investors should carefully consider the risk factors described below, before deciding on whether to make an investment in the Fund. The risks set out below are not the only risks the Fund faces. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Fund or that the Fund currently deems to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect the Fund’s business, financial condition and/or operating results. If any of the following events occur, the Fund’s business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case, the NAV of the Fund’s Shares could decline, and investors may lose all or part of their investment.
Risks Relating to Investment Strategies, Fund Investments, and the Fund’s Investment Program
Nature of the Fund’s Investments
. The Fund has a very broad mandate with respect to the type and nature of investments in which it participates. While some of the loans in which the Fund will invest may be secured, the Fund expects to also invest in debt and equity securities that are either unsecured and subordinated to substantial amounts of senior indebtedness, or a significant portion of which may be unsecured. In such instances, the ability of the Fund to influence an issuer’s affairs, especially during periods of financial distress or following an insolvency is likely to be substantially less than that of senior creditors. For example, under terms of subordination agreements, senior creditors are typically able to block the acceleration of the debt or other exercises by the Fund of its rights as a creditor. Accordingly, the Fund may not be able to take the steps necessary to protect its investments in a timely manner or at all. In addition, the debt securities in which the Fund will invest may not be protected by financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness, may have limited liquidity and may not be rated by a credit rating agency.
The borrowers of loans constituting the Fund’s assets may seek the protections afforded by bankruptcy, insolvency and other debtor relief laws. Bankruptcy proceedings are unpredictable as described further below in “Investments in Restructurings.” Additionally, the numerous risks inherent in the insolvency process create a potential risk of loss by the Fund of its entire investment in any particular investment. Insolvency laws may, in certain jurisdictions, result in a restructuring of the debt without the Fund’s consent under the “cramdown” provisions of applicable insolvency laws and may also result in a discharge of all or part of the debt without payment to the Fund.
Debt securities are also subject to other risks, including (i) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a “fraudulent conveyance,” (ii) the recovery of liens perfected or payments made on account of a debt in the period before an insolvency filing as a “preference,” (iii) equitable subordination claims by other creditors, (iv) so called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations (see “Risks Related to Investments in Loans”) and (v) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations. Additionally, adverse credit events with respect to any issuer, such as missed or delayed payment of interest and/or principal, bankruptcy, receivership, or distressed exchange, can significantly diminish the value of the Fund’s investment in any such company. The Fund’s investments may be subject to early redemption features, refinancing options,
pre-payment
options or similar provisions which, in each case, could result in the issuer repaying the principal on an obligation held by the Fund earlier than expected. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Fund’s investment objective will be realized.
In addition, during periods of market disruption, borrowers of loans constituting the Fund’s assets may be more likely to seek to draw on unfunded commitments the Fund has made, and the Fund’s risk of being unable to fund such commitments is heightened during such periods.
Market Risk
. The success of the Fund’s activities will be affected by general economic and market conditions, such as interest rates, availability of credit, credit defaults, inflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in laws (including laws relating to taxation of the Fund’s investments), trade barriers, currency exchange controls, disease outbreaks, pandemics, and national and international political, environmental and socioeconomic
 
circumstances (including wars, terrorist acts or security operations). In addition, the current U.S. political environment and the resulting uncertainties regarding actual and potential shifts in U.S. foreign investment, trade, taxation, economic, environmental and other policies under the current Administration, as well as the impact of geopolitical tension, such as a deterioration in the bilateral relationship between the U.S. and China, an escalation in conflict between Russia and Ukraine, significant conflict between Israel and Hamas in the Middle East or other systemic issuer or industry-specific economic disruptions, could lead to disruption, instability and volatility in the global markets. Unfavorable economic conditions also would be expected to increase the Fund’s funding costs, limit the Fund’s access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to the Fund.
Economic sanctions may be, and have been, imposed against certain countries, organizations, companies, entities and/or individuals. Economic sanctions and other similar governmental actions or developments could, among other things, effectively restrict or eliminate the Fund’s ability to purchase or sell certain foreign securities or groups of foreign securities, and thus may make the Fund’s investments in such securities less liquid or more difficult to value. Such sanctions may also cause a decline in the value of securities issued by the sanctioned country or companies located in or economically tied to the sanctioned country. In addition, as a result of economic sanctions and other similar governmental actions or developments, the Fund may be forced to sell or otherwise dispose of foreign investments at inopportune times or prices.
Current and historic market turmoil has illustrated that market environments may, at any time, be characterized by uncertainty, volatility and instability. Serious economic disruptions may result in governmental authorities and regulators enacting significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, including by providing direct capital infusions into companies, introducing new monetary programs and considerably increasing or lowering interest rates, which, in some cases resulted in negative interest rates.
As global systems, economies and financial markets are increasingly interconnected, events that once had only local impact are now more likely to have regional or even global effects. Events that occur in one country, region or financial market will, more frequently, adversely impact issuers in other countries, regions or markets. These impacts can be exacerbated by failures of governments and societies to adequately respond to an emerging event or threat. These types of events quickly and significantly impact markets in the U.S. and across the globe leading to extreme market volatility and disruption. The extent and nature of the impact on supply chains or economies and markets from these events is unknown, particularly if a health emergency or other similar event, such as the
COVID-19
pandemic, persists for an extended period of time. The value of the Fund’s investments may decrease as a result of such events, particularly if these events adversely impact the operations and effectiveness of the Adviser, the
Sub-Adviser
or key service providers or if these events disrupt systems and processes necessary or beneficial to the investment advisory or other activities on behalf the Fund.
The Fund’s investment strategy and the availability of opportunities satisfying the Fund’s risk-adjusted return parameters relies in part on observable trends and conditions in the financial markets and in some cases the improvement of such conditions. Trends and historical events do not imply, forecast or predict future events and, in any event, past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. There can be no assurance that the assumptions made or the beliefs and expectations currently held by the
Sub-Adviser
will prove correct and actual events and circumstances may vary significantly.
Many of the issuers in which the Fund will make investments may be susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions and may be unable to repay the loans made to them during these periods. Therefore,
non-performing
assets may increase and the value of the Fund’s portfolio may decrease during these periods as the Fund is required to record the investments at their current fair value. Adverse economic conditions also may decrease the value of collateral securing the Fund’s loans and the value of its equity investments. Economic slowdowns or recessions could lead to financial losses in the Fund’s portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and assets. Unfavorable economic conditions also could increase the Fund’s and the issuers’ funding costs, limit the Fund’s and the issuers’ access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to the Fund or the issuers. These events could prevent the Fund from increasing investments and harm its operating results.
 
An issuer’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by the Fund or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, acceleration of the time when the loans are due and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize the issuer’s ability to meet its obligations under the debt that the Fund holds. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting issuer. In addition, if one of the issuers were to go bankrupt, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which the Fund will actually provide significant managerial assistance to that issuer, a bankruptcy court might subordinate all or a portion of the Fund’s claim to that of other creditors.
The prices of financial instruments in which the Fund may invest can be highly volatile. General fluctuations in the market prices of securities may affect the value of the investments held by the Fund. Instability in the securities markets may also increase the risks inherent in the Fund’s investments.
Availability of Suitable Investments Risk
. While the
Sub-Adviser
believes that many attractive investments of the type in which the Fund expects to invest are currently available, there can be no assurance that such investments will continue to be available or that available investments will continue to meet the Fund’s investment criteria. Furthermore, the Fund may be unable to find a sufficient number of attractive investment opportunities to meet its investment objective. Past performance is not indicative of future performance.
Market Disruptions Risk
. The U.S. capital markets have experienced extreme volatility and disruption following the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and in the Middle East. Disruptions in the capital markets have increased the spread between the yields realized on risk-free and higher risk securities, resulting in illiquidity in parts of the capital markets. These and future market disruptions and/or illiquidity would be expected to have an adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Unfavorable economic conditions also would be expected to increase the Fund’s funding costs, limit the Fund’s access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to the Fund. During periods of market disruption, portfolio companies may be more likely to seek to draw on unfunded commitments the Fund has made, and the risk of being unable to fund such commitments is heightened during such periods. These events have limited and could continue to limit the Fund’s investment originations, limit the Fund’s ability to grow and have a material negative impact on the Fund’s operating results and the fair values of the Fund’s debt and equity investments.
Non-Diversified
Status
. The Fund is a
“non-diversified”
investment company for purposes of the 1940 Act, which means that it is not subject to percentage limitations under the 1940 Act on the percentage of its assets that may be invested in the securities of any one issuer. The Fund’s NAV may therefore be subject to greater volatility than that of an investment company that is subject to such a limitation on diversification. In addition, while the Fund is a
“non-diversified”
fund for purposes of the 1940 Act, the Fund has elected and intends to qualify each taxable year to be treated as a RIC under the Code. To qualify as a RIC under the Code, the Fund must, among other things: diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of each taxable year, (A) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund’s assets is represented by cash, cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities of any one issuer limited for the purposes of this calculation to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (B) not more than 25% of the market value of the Fund’s total assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities and the securities of other regulated investment companies) of (1) any one issuer, (2) any two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same business or similar or related trades or businesses, or (3) any one or more “qualified publicly traded partnerships”. The Fund intends to distribute at least annually all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gains as dividends to Shareholders; however, this policy may be changed at any time by the Fund.
Credit Risk
. One of the fundamental risks associated with the Fund’s investments is credit risk, which is the risk that an issuer will be unable to make principal and interest payments on its outstanding debt obligations when
 
due. The Fund’s return to investors would be adversely impacted if an issuer of debt in which the Fund invests becomes unable to make such payments when due.
Although the Fund may make investments that the
Sub-Adviser
believes are secured by specific collateral, the value of which may initially exceed the principal amount of such investments or the Fund’s fair value of such investments, there can be no assurance that the liquidation of any such collateral would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of
non-payment
of scheduled interest or principal payments with respect to such investment, or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. The Fund may also invest in leveraged loans, high yield securities, marketable and
non-marketable
common and preferred equity securities and other unsecured investments, each of which involves a higher degree of risk than senior secured loans. Furthermore, the Fund’s right to payment and its security interest, if any, may be subordinated to the payment rights and security interests of a senior lender, to the extent applicable. Certain of these investments may have an interest-only payment schedule, with the principal amount remaining outstanding and at risk until the maturity of the investment. In addition, loans may provide for
payments-in-kind,
which have a similar effect of deferring current cash payments. In such cases, an issuer’s ability to repay the principal of an investment may depend on a liquidity event or the long-term success of the company, the occurrence of which is uncertain.
With respect to the Fund’s investments in any number of credit products, if the borrower or issuer breaches any of the covenants or restrictions under the credit agreement that governs loans of such issuer or borrower, it could result in a default under the applicable indebtedness as well as the indebtedness held by the Fund. Such default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. This could result in an impairment or loss of the Fund’s investment or a
pre-payment
(in whole or in part) of the Fund’s investment.
Similarly, while the Fund will generally target investments in companies it believes are of high quality, these companies could still present a high degree of business and credit risk. Companies in which the Fund invests could deteriorate as a result of, among other factors, an adverse development in their business, a change in the competitive environment or the continuation or worsening of the current (or any future) economic and financial market downturns and dislocations. As a result, companies that the Fund expected to be stable or improve may operate, or expect to operate, at a loss or have significant variations in operating results, may require substantial additional capital to support their operations or maintain their competitive position, or may otherwise have a weak financial condition or experience financial distress. In addition, exogenous factors such as fluctuations of the equity markets also could result in warrants and other equity securities or instruments owned by the Fund becoming worthless.
Credit Spread Risk
. Credit spread risk is the risk that credit spreads (i.e., the difference in yield between securities that is due to differences in their credit quality) may increase when the market expects below-investment-grade bonds to default more frequently. Widening credit spreads may quickly reduce the market values of below-investment-grade and unrated securities. In recent years, the U.S. capital markets experienced extreme volatility and disruption following the spread of
COVID-19,
the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, significant conflict between Israel and Hamas in the Middle East and other economic disruptions, which increased the spread between yields realized on risk-free and higher risk securities, resulting in illiquidity in parts of the capital markets. Central banks and governments played a key role in reintroducing liquidity to parts of the capital markets. Future exits of these financial institutions from the market may reintroduce temporary illiquidity. These and future market disruptions and/or illiquidity would be expected to have an adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Risks Related to Investments in Loans
. The Fund invests in loans, either through primary issuances or in secondary transactions, including potentially on a synthetic basis. The value of the Fund’s loans may be detrimentally affected to the extent a borrower defaults on its obligations. There can be no assurance that the value assigned by the Adviser can be realized upon liquidation, nor can there be any assurance that any related collateral will retain its value. Furthermore, circumstances could arise (such as in the bankruptcy of a borrower)
 
that could cause the Fund’s security interest in the loan’s collateral to be invalidated. Also, much of the collateral will be subject to restrictions on transfer intended to satisfy securities regulations, which will limit the number of potential purchases if the Fund intends to liquidate such collateral. The amount realizable with respect to a loan may be detrimentally affected if a guarantor, if any, fails to meet its obligations under a guarantee. Finally, there may be a monetary, as well as a time cost involved in collecting on defaulted loans and, if applicable, taking possession of various types of collateral.
The portfolio may include first lien senior secured, second and third lien loans and any other loans.
Direct Lending
. The Fund will invest in directly originated senior secured loans, including unitranche loans, of performing middle market companies (“Senior Capital Debt Securities”).
The value of the Fund’s assets is volatile and may fluctuate due to a variety of factors that are inherently difficult to predict and are outside of the Advisers’ control, including prevailing credit spreads, general economic conditions, financial market conditions, domestic or international economic or political events, developments or trends in any particular industry, changes in interest rates, or the financial condition of the obligors of the Fund’s assets. In particular, the market for Senior Capital Debt Securities has experienced periods of volatility in the supply of, and demand for, such loans, resulting in volatility in, among other things, spreads, interest rate floors, purchase price discounts, leverage, covenants, structure, and other terms. Because loans are privately syndicated and loan agreements are privately negotiated and customized, loans are not purchased or sold as easily as publicly traded securities. In addition, historically the trading volume in the loan market, especially in the middle market, has been small relative to the high-yield debt securities market.
The obligors of the Fund’s assets will primarily be privately owned middle market businesses. There is generally no publicly available information about these businesses. Some obligors may not meet net income, cash flow, and other coverage tests typically imposed by lenders. Numerous factors may affect an obligor’s ability to repay its related obligations, including the failure to meet its business plan, a downturn in its industry, and continuing negative economic conditions. A deterioration in an obligor’s financial condition and prospects may be accompanied by deterioration in the collateral securing the Fund’s assets or the recuring revenue of the obligor. Such deterioration might impair the ability of such obligor to obtain refinancing or force it to seek to have the Fund’s asset restructured.
Senior Capital Debt Securities are generally considered speculative in nature and may end up in default for a variety of reasons. A defaulted asset may become subject to either substantial workout negotiations or a restructuring, which may entail, among other things, a substantial reduction in the interest rate, a substantial write-down of principal, and a substantial change in the terms, conditions, and covenants with respect to such defaulted asset. In addition, such negotiations or restructuring may be quite extensive, protracted, and costly over time, and therefore may result in substantial uncertainty with respect to the ultimate recovery on such defaulted asset. The liquidity of a defaulted asset will be limited, and to the extent that a defaulted asset is sold, it is highly unlikely that the proceeds from such sale will be equal to the amount of unpaid principal and interest thereon.
Loans to middle market businesses generally carry both higher interest rates and more inherent risks than loans to larger, publicly traded businesses. These middle market companies generally have more limited access to capital and higher financing costs, may be in a weaker financial position, may need more capital to expand or compete, and may be unable to obtain financing from public capital markets or from traditional sources, such as commercial banks. Middle market businesses typically have narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses. Therefore, they tend to be more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns. These businesses may also experience substantial variations in operating results. Typically, the success of a middle market business also depends on the management talents and efforts of one or two persons or a small group of persons. The death, disability, or resignation of one or more of such persons could have a material adverse impact on the obligor and its ability to repay its obligations. In addition, middle market businesses often need substantial additional capital to expand or compete and will often have
 
borrowed money from other lenders and may need additional capital to survive any economic downturns. Accordingly, loans made to middle market companies involve higher risks than loans made to companies that have larger businesses, greater financial resources, or that are otherwise able to access traditional credit sources.
There can be no assurance as to the levels of defaults or the amount or timing of recoveries that may be experienced with respect to the Fund’s assets. Any increase in default levels or decrease in recovery rates, or delays in receipt of recoveries, could adversely affect distributions, if any, to the Fund.
There can be no assurance that the
Sub-Adviser
will correctly evaluate the nature and magnitude of the various factors that could negatively impact the value or performance of Senior Capital Debt Securities. These risks could be exacerbated to the extent that the portfolio is concentrated in one or more particular types of assets.
Bank Loans and Participations
. The Fund’s investment program may include bank loans and participations. These obligations are subject to unique risks, including (i) the possible avoidance of an investment transaction as a “preferential transfer,” “fraudulent conveyance” or “fraudulent transfer,” among other avoidance actions, under relevant bankruptcy, insolvency and/or creditors’ rights laws;
(ii) so-called
“lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations; (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations; (iv) limitations on the ability of the Fund to directly enforce its rights with respect to participations; and (v) the contractual nature of participations where the Fund takes on the credit risk of the agent bank rather than the actual borrower.
The Fund may acquire interests in loans either directly (by way of assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation). The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a contracting party under the loan agreement with respect to the loan; however, its rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution. Participation in a portion of a loan typically results in a contractual relationship only with the institution participating out the interest and not with the obligor. The Fund would, in such a case, have the right to receive payments of principal and interest to which it is entitled only from the institution selling the participation, and not directly from the obligor, and only upon receipt by such institution of such payments from the obligor. As the owner of a participation, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the obligor with the terms of the loan agreement or to vote on amendments to the loan agreement, nor any rights of
set-off
against the obligor, and the Fund may not directly benefit from collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the participation. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of the selling institution, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of such selling institution, and may not have any exclusive or senior claim with respect to the selling institution’s interest in, or the collateral with respect to, the applicable loan. Consequently, the Fund will assume the credit risk of both the obligor and the institution selling the participation to the Fund. As a result, concentrations of participations from any one selling institution subject the Fund to an additional degree of risk with respect to defaults by such selling institution. In addition, because bank loans are not typically registered under the federal securities laws like stocks and bonds, investors in loans have less protection against improper practices than investors in registered securities.
In March 2023, several financial institutions experienced a larger-than-expected decline in deposits and two banks, Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) and Signature Bank, were placed into receivership. Given the interconnectedness of the banking system, the Federal Reserve invoked the systemic risk exception, temporarily transferred all deposits—both insured and uninsured—and substantially all the assets of the two banks into respective bridge banks and guaranteed depositors’ full access to their funds.
This type of systemic risk event and/or resulting government actions can negatively impact the Fund, for example, through less credit being available to issuers or uncertainty regarding safety of deposits at other institutions. These risks also may adversely affect financial intermediaries, such as clearing agencies, clearing houses, banks, securities firms, and exchanges, with which the Fund interacts.
 
Direct Origination
. A significant portion of the Fund’s investments may be originated. The results of the Fund’s operations depend on several factors, including the availability of opportunities for the origination or acquisition of target investments, the level and volatility of interest rates, the availability of adequate short and long-term financing, conditions in the financial markets, and economic conditions. Further, the Fund’s inability to raise capital and the risk of portfolio company defaults may materially and adversely affect the Fund’s investment originations, business, liquidity, financial condition, results of operations, and ability to make distributions to its Shareholders. In addition, competition for originations of, and investments in, the Fund’s target investments may lead to the price of such assets increasing or the decrease of interest income from loans originated by the Fund, which may further limit its ability to generate desired returns. Also, as a result of this competition, desirable investments in the Fund’s target investments may be limited in the future, and the Fund may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities from time to time, as the Fund can provide no assurance that the
Sub-Adviser
will be able to identify and make investments that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective.
First Lien Senior Secured Loans
. It is expected that when the Fund makes a senior secured term loan investment in an issuer, it will generally take a security interest in substantially all of the available assets of the issuer, including the equity interests of its domestic subsidiaries, which the Fund expects to help mitigate the risk that it will not be repaid. However, there is a risk that the collateral securing the Fund’s loans may decrease in value over time, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the issuer to raise additional capital, and, in some circumstances, the Fund’s lien could be subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, deterioration in an issuer’s financial condition and prospects, including its inability to raise additional capital, may be accompanied by deterioration in the value of the collateral for the loan. Consequently, the fact that a loan is secured does not guarantee that the Fund will receive principal and interest payments according to the loan’s terms, or at all, or that it will be able to collect on the loan should it be forced to enforce its remedies.
Second Lien Senior Secured Loans and Junior Debt Investments
. Second and third lien loans are subject to the same investment risks generally applicable to senior loans described above. The Fund’s second lien senior secured loans will be subordinated to first lien loans and the Fund’s junior debt investments, such as mezzanine loans, generally will be subordinated to both first lien and second lien loans and have junior security interests or may be unsecured. As such, to the extent the Fund holds second lien senior secured loans and junior debt investments, holders of first lien loans may be repaid before the Fund in the event of a bankruptcy or other insolvency proceeding. Therefore, second and third lien loans are subject to additional risk that the cash flow of the related obligor and the property securing the second or third lien loan may be insufficient to repay the scheduled payments to the lender after giving effect to any senior secured obligations of the related obligor. This may result in an above average amount of risk and loss of principal. Second and third lien loans are also expected to be more illiquid than senior loans.
Unsecured Loans
. Unsecured loans are subject to the same investment risks generally applicable to loans described above but are subject to additional risk that the assets and cash flow of the related obligor may be insufficient to repay the scheduled payments to the lender after giving effect to any secured obligations of the obligor. Unsecured loans will be subject to certain additional risks to the extent that such loans may not be protected and such loans are not secured by collateral, financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness. Unsecured loans are also expected to be a more illiquid investment than senior loans for this reason.
Other Risks Related to Loans
. Under the agreements governing most syndicated loans, should a holder of an interest in a syndicated loan wish to call a default or exercise remedies against a borrower, it could not do so without the agreement of at least a majority of the other lenders. Actions could also be taken by a majority of the other lenders, or in some cases, a single agent bank, without the consent of all lenders. Each lender would nevertheless be liable to indemnify the agent bank for its ratable share of expenses or other liabilities incurred in
 
such connection and, generally, with respect to the administration and any renegotiation or enforcement of the syndicated loans. Moreover, an assignee or participant in a loan may not be entitled to certain
gross-up
payments in respect of withholding taxes and other indemnities that otherwise might be available to the original holder of the loan.
Furthermore, the
Sub-Adviser
expects to invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in bank loans and participations. The special risks associated with these obligations include (i) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a fraudulent conveyance under relevant creditors’ rights laws, (ii) adverse consequences resulting from participating in such instruments with other institutions with lower credit quality and (iii) limitations on the ability of the Fund or the Adviser to directly enforce the Fund’s rights with respect to participations. The Fund will seek to balance the magnitude of these and other risks identified by it against the potential investment gain prior to entering into each such investment. Successful claims by third parties arising from these and other risks, absent bad faith, may be borne by the Fund. Bank loans are frequently traded on the basis of standardized documentation which is used in order to facilitate trading and market liquidity. There can be no assurance, however, that future levels of supply and demand in bank loan trading will provide an adequate degree of liquidity or that the current level of liquidity will continue or that the same documentation will be used in the future. The settlement of trading in bank loans often requires the involvement of third parties, such as administrative or syndication agents, and there presently is no central clearinghouse or authority which monitors or facilitates the trading or settlement of all bank loan trades. Often, settlement may be delayed based on the actions of any third party or counterparty, and adverse price movements may occur in the time between trade and settlement, which could result in adverse consequences for the Fund.
In recent years, a number of judicial decisions in the United States have upheld the right of borrowers to sue lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories (collectively termed “lender liability”). Generally, lender liability is founded upon the premise that an institutional lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith and fair dealing owed to a borrower or has assumed a degree of control over the borrower resulting in a creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or shareholders. Because of the nature of certain of the Fund’s investments, the Fund could be subject to allegations of lender liability.
The Fund may acquire interests in bank loans either directly (by way of sale or assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation). The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a contracting party under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, its rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution. Participation interests in a portion of a debt obligation typically result in a contractual relationship only with the institution participating out the interest and not with the borrower. In purchasing participations, the Fund typically will not have the right to vote on matters requiring a vote of holders of the underlying debt and may have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement, or any rights of
set-off
against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, if the Fund were to hold a participation, it would assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution selling the participation to the Fund. In certain circumstances, investing in the form of participation may be the most advantageous or only route for the Fund to make or hold any such investment, including in light of limitations relating to local laws or the willingness of administrative agents or borrowers to allow the Fund to become a direct lender.
Finally, loans may become
non-performing
for a variety of reasons.
Non-performing
debt obligations may require substantial workout negotiations, restructuring or bankruptcy filings that may entail a substantial reduction in the interest rate, deferral of payments and/or a substantial write-down of the principal of a loan or conversion of some or all of the debt to equity. Additional costs associated with these activities may reduce returns.
Unitranche Loans
. Unitranche loans provide leverage levels comparable to a combination of first lien and second lien or subordinated loans. From the perspective of a lender, in addition to making a single loan, a
 
unitranche loan may allow the lender to choose to participate in the “first out” tranche, which will generally receive priority with respect to payments of principal, interest and any other amounts due, or to choose to participate only in the “last out” tranche, which is generally paid after the “first out” tranche is paid. The Fund expects to participate in “first out” and “last out” tranches of unitranche loans and make single unitranche loans.
DIP Loans
. The Fund may invest in
debtor-in-possession
(“DIP”) loans. DIP loans involve a fundamental credit risk based on the borrower’s ability to make principal and interest payments and the inherent risks in the bankruptcy process. DIP loans are subject to a court approval process in which
parties-in-interest
may be heard but there can be no assurance that the Fund would be successful in obtaining favorable results. If the calculations of the
Sub-Adviser
as to the outcome or timing of a reorganization are inaccurate, a company that has filed for bankruptcy may not be able to make payments on a DIP loan on time or at all. In addition, DIP loans may be privately negotiated transactions, each of which has individualized terms. These positions may be illiquid and difficult to value. DIP loans may be subject to price volatility due to various factors including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates, market perception of the creditworthiness of the borrower and general market liquidity.
Investments in Middle-Market Companies
. Investments in middle-market companies such as those that the Fund may invest in, while often presenting greater opportunities for growth, may also entail larger risks than are customarily associated with investments in large companies. Middle-market companies may have more limited product lines, capitalization, markets and financial resources, and may be dependent on a smaller management group. As a result, such companies may be more vulnerable to general economic trends and to specific changes in markets and technology. In addition, future growth may be dependent on additional financing, which may not be available on acceptable terms when required. Furthermore, there is ordinarily a more limited marketplace for the sale of interests in smaller, private companies, which may make realizations of gains more difficult, by requiring sales to other private investors. In addition, the relative illiquidity of investments held by
closed-end
funds generally, and the somewhat greater illiquidity of
closed-end
fund investments in middle-market companies, could make it difficult for the Fund to react quickly to negative economic or political developments.
Investments in Less Established Companies
. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in the securities of less established companies. Certain of the investments may be in businesses with little or no operating history. Investments in such early-stage growth companies may involve greater risks than are generally associated with investments in more established companies. To the extent there is any public market for the securities held by the Fund, such securities may be subject to more abrupt and erratic market price movements than those of larger, more established companies. Less established companies tend to have lower capitalizations and fewer resources and are, therefore, often more vulnerable to financial failure. Such companies also may have shorter operating histories on which to judge future performance and in many cases, if operating, will have negative cash flow. There can be no assurance that any such losses will be offset by gains (if any) realized on the Fund’s other investments. In addition, less mature companies could be deemed to be more susceptible to irregular accounting or other fraudulent practices. In the event of fraud by any company in which the Fund invests, the Fund may suffer a partial or total loss of capital invested in that company.
The Fund may invest in issuers that: (i) have little or no operating history, (ii) offer services or products that are not yet ready to be marketed, (iii) are operating at a loss or have significant fluctuations in operating results, (iv) are engaged in a rapidly changing business or (v) need substantial additional capital to set up internal infrastructure, hire management and personnel, support expansion or achieve or maintain a competitive position. Such issuers may face intense competition, including competition from companies with greater financial resources, more extensive capabilities and a larger number of qualified managerial and technical personnel.
Investments in Special Situations.
The Fund may provide financing to companies involved in (or the target of) acquisition attempts or tender offers or companies involved in work-outs, liquidations, spin-offs, reorganizations, bankruptcies, and similar transactions. In any investment transaction involving any such type of business enterprise, there exists the risk that the transaction in which such business enterprise is involved either will be unsuccessful, will take considerable time or will result in a distribution of cash or a new security the value of
 
which will be less than the purchase price paid by the Fund of the security or other financial instrument in respect of which such distribution is received. Similarly, if such an anticipated transaction does not in fact occur, the Fund may lose all or a material portion of its investment. All of these events could have a material adverse effect on the value of the investments.
High Yield Debt
. The Fund expects to invest in debt securities that may be classified as “higher-yielding” (and, therefore, higher-risk) debt securities (also known as “junk bonds”). In most cases, such debt will be rated below “investment grade” or will be unrated and will face both ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions and the issuer’s failure to make timely interest and principal payments. The market for high yield securities (junk bonds) has experienced periods of volatility and reduced liquidity. High yield securities (junk bonds) may or may not be subordinated to certain other outstanding securities and obligations of the issuer, which may be secured by all or substantially all of the issuer’s assets. High yield securities (junk bonds) may also not be protected by financial covenants or limitations on additional indebtedness. The market values of certain of these debt securities may reflect individual corporate developments. General economic recession or a major decline in the demand for products and services in the industry in which the borrower operates would likely have a materially adverse impact on the value of such securities or could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default of such securities. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may also decrease the value and liquidity of these high yield debt securities (junk bonds).
Distressed Credit Investments
. The Fund’s distressed credit investments (e.g., investments in defaulted,
out-of-favor
or distressed bank loans and debt and equity securities) are inherently speculative and are subject to a high degree of risk. Companies experiencing financial distress are often those operating at a loss or with substantial variations in operating results from period to period. Companies experiencing financial distress may be involved in insolvency proceedings and have the need for substantial additional capital to support continued operations or to improve their financial condition and may have very high amounts of leverage. Distressed companies typically are in default under, or have a significant risk of an inability to service, their debt obligations, especially during an economic downturn or periods of rising interest rates, may not have access to more traditional methods of financing and may be unable to repay debt by refinancing. Investments in distressed companies may be premised on a turnaround strategy. If turnarounds are not achieved, these companies could experience failures or substantial declines in value, and the Fund may not be able to divest itself of such unprofitable investments in a timely fashion or at all. Additionally, turnarounds may not be achieved within the contemplated investment horizons.
The value of distressed instruments tends to be more volatile and may have an increased price sensitivity to changing interest rates and adverse economic and business developments than other securities or instruments. Distressed credit investments are often more sensitive to company-specific developments and changes in economic conditions than other securities. Furthermore, distressed debt instruments are often unsecured and may be subordinated to senior debt. Accordingly, an investment in the Fund should only be considered by persons who can afford a loss of their entire investment.
Mezzanine Investments
. Most of the Fund’s mezzanine investments (if any) are expected to be unsecured and made in companies whose capital structures have significant indebtedness ranking ahead of the investments, all or a significant portion of which may be secured. While the investments may benefit from the same or similar financial and other covenants as those enjoyed by the indebtedness ranking ahead of the investments and may benefit from cross-default provisions and security over the issuer’s assets, some or all of such terms may not be part of particular investments. Moreover, the ability of the Fund to influence an issuer’s affairs, especially during periods of financial distress or following an insolvency, is likely to be substantially less than that of senior creditors. Mezzanine investments generally are subject to various risks, including, without limitation: (i) a subsequent characterization of an investment as a “fraudulent conveyance”; (ii) the recovery as a “preference” of liens perfected or payments made on account of a debt in the 90 days before a bankruptcy filing; (iii) equitable
 
subordination claims by other creditors;
(iv) so-called
“lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations; and (v) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations.
Syndication
. The Fund may originate certain of its investments with the expectation of later syndicating a portion of such investments to third parties. Prior to such syndication, or if such syndication is not successful, the Fund’s exposure to the originated investment may exceed the exposure that the
Sub-Adviser
intended to have over the long-term or would have had had the Fund purchased such investment in the secondary market rather than originating it.
Use of Collateral
. Collateral for private credit investments may include a wide range of assets, including, but not limited to, assets and/or net income of companies, real estate, revenue streams, equity interests, fund interests, royalties of various types, rights to litigation proceeds, trade receivables, and derivative exposure to loans. To the extent the
Sub-Adviser
originates loans based partly upon the adequacy of the borrower’s collateral, an incorrect valuation of such collateral may result in unforeseen losses. The inherent uncertainty of the value of collateral may result in values that differ significantly from the values that can ultimately be obtained for such collateral. Even if collateral is initially valued correctly, changes in market conditions, regulations or other circumstances, or changes directly related to such collateral, may materially adversely affect the value thereof. In addition, there can be no assurance that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In the event of bankruptcy of a borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of the collateral securing an investment.
Under certain circumstances, collateral securing an investment may be released without the consent of the lender. Moreover, the lender’s security interest (with respect to investments in secured debt) may be unperfected for a variety of reasons, including the failure to make required filings by lenders and, as a result, the Fund may not have priority over other creditors as anticipated. First priority lien investments made by the lender may, in certain cases, provide a first priority lien over some, but not all, of the assets of the relevant borrower. The Fund may also invest in second-lien debt, high-yield securities, marketable and
non-marketable
common and preferred equity securities and other unsecured instruments each of which involves a higher degree of risk than senior first-lien secured debt, including the
re-use
and subsequent loss of collateral by the borrower. Furthermore, the Fund’s right to payment and its security interest, if any, may be subordinated to the payment rights and security interests of senior lenders (with respect to some or all of the assets of an issuer in which the Fund invests). Certain of these investments may have an interest-only payment schedule, with the principal amount remaining outstanding and at risk until the maturity of the investment. In such cases, the ability of the issuer to repay the principal in respect of the Fund’s investment may be dependent upon a liquidity event or the long-term success of the company, the occurrence of which is uncertain.
The terms of any derivative hedging arrangements entered into by the Fund may provide that related collateral given to, or received by, the Fund may be pledged, lent,
re-hypothecated,
or otherwise
re-used
by the collateral taker for its own purposes. If collateral received by the Fund is reinvested or otherwise
re-used,
the Fund is exposed to the risk of loss on that investment. Should such a loss occur, the value of the collateral will be reduced, and the Fund will have less protection if the counterparty defaults. Similarly, if the counterparty reinvests or otherwise
re-uses
collateral received from the Fund and suffers a loss as a result, it may not be in a position to return that collateral to the Fund should the relevant transaction complete, be unwound or otherwise terminate and the Fund is exposed to the risk of loss of the amount of collateral provided to the counterparty.
Asset-Backed Securities
. Asset-backed securities (“ABS”) are a form of structured debt obligation. In addition to the general risks associated with credit or debt securities discussed herein, ABS are subject to additional risks. While traditional fixed-income securities typically pay a fixed rate of interest until maturity, when the entire principal amount is due, an ABS represents an interest in a pool of assets, such as automobile loans, credit card receivables, unsecured consumer loans or student loans, that has been securitized and provides for monthly payments of interest, at a fixed or floating rate, and principal from the cash flow of these assets. This pool of assets (and any related assets of the issuing entity) is the only source of payment for the ABS. The ability of an
 
ABS issuer to make payments on the ABS, and the timing of such payments, is therefore dependent on collections on these underlying assets. The recoveries on the underlying collateral (if any) may not, in some cases, be sufficient to support payments on these securities, which may result in losses to investors in an ABS. In many circumstances, ABS are not secured by an interest in the related collateral. Credit card receivables, for example, are generally unsecured and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer loan laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due.
Generally, obligors may prepay the underlying assets in full or in part at any time, subjecting the Fund to prepayment risk related to the ABS it holds. While the expected repayment streams on ABS are determined by the contractual amortization schedules for the underlying assets, an investor’s yield to maturity on an ABS is uncertain and may be reduced by the rate and speed of prepayments of the underlying assets, which may be influenced by a variety of economic, social and other factors. Any prepayments, repurchases, purchases or liquidations of the underlying assets could shorten the average life of the ABS to an extent that cannot be fully predicted. Some ABS may be structured to include a period of rapid amortization triggered by events such as a significant rise in the default rate of the underlying collateral, a sharp drop in the credit enhancement level because of credit losses on the underlying assets, a specified regulatory event or the bankruptcy of the originator. A rapid amortization event will cause any revolving period to end earlier than expected and all collections on the underlying assets will be used to pay principal to investors earlier than expected. In general, the senior most securities will be paid prior to any payments being made on the subordinated securities, and if such payments are made earlier than expected, the Fund’s yield on such ABS may be negatively affected.
Mortgage-Backed Securities
. The Fund may from time to time to invest in pools or tranches of mortgage-backed securities (including commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”). The collateral underlying mortgage-backed securities generally consists of commercial mortgages or real property that has a residential, multifamily or commercial use, such as retail space, office buildings, warehouse property and hotels. CMBS have been issued in a variety of issuances, with varying structures including senior and subordinated classes. The commercial mortgages underlying CMBS generally have shorter maturities than residential mortgages, allow all or a substantial portion of the loan balance to be paid at maturity, commonly known as a “balloon payment,” and are usually
non-recourse
against the commercial borrower. Investments in CMBS are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including credit, market, interest rate, structural and legal risks. These risks may be magnified by volatility in the credit and commercial real estate markets. The investment characteristics of CMBS differ from traditional debt securities in a number of respects, and are similar to the characteristics of structured credit products in which investors participate through a trust or other similar conduit arrangement. Commercial mortgage loans are obligations of the borrowers thereunder and are not typically insured or guaranteed by any other person or entity. While the Fund intends to vigorously analyze and underwrite its CMBS investments from a fundamental real estate perspective, there can be no assurance that underwriting practices will yield their desired results, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to effectively achieve its investment objective or that expected returns will be achieved.
In general, if prevailing interest rates fall significantly below the interest rates on the related mortgage loans, the rate of prepayment on the underlying mortgage loans would be expected to increase. Conversely, if prevailing interest rates rise to a level significantly above the interest rates on the related mortgages, the rate of prepayment would be expected to decrease, which could reduce the returns on certain mortgage-backed securities in which the Fund may invest. In addition, rising rates may increase the frequency of defaults on certain floating-rate mortgage-backed securities.
Credit Agency Risk
. Credit ratings are determined by credit rating agencies and are only the opinions of such entities. Ratings assigned by a rating agency are not absolute standards of credit quality and do not evaluate market risk or the liquidity of securities. In addition, rating agencies attempt to evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments and do not evaluate the risks of fluctuations in market value. Therefore, such credit ratings may not fully reflect the true risks of an investment. Also, rating agencies may fail to make timely changes to
 
their credit ratings in response to subsequent events and an obligor’s current financial condition may be better or worse than a rating indicates. Any shortcomings or inefficiencies in credit rating agencies’ processes for determining credit ratings may adversely affect the credit ratings of securities held by the Fund or such credit rating agencies ability to evaluate creditworthiness, and, as a result, may adversely affect those securities’ perceived or actual credit risk.
Collateralized Loan Obligations
. In the case of most CLOs, the structured finance securities are issued in multiple tranches, offering investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics, often categorized as senior, mezzanine and subordinated/equity according to their degree of risk. If there are defaults or the relevant collateral otherwise underperforms, scheduled payments to senior tranches of such securities take precedence over those of mezzanine tranches, and scheduled payments to mezzanine tranches have a priority in right of payment to subordinated/equity tranches.
In light of the above, CLOs may therefore present risks similar to those of other types of debt obligations and, in fact, such risks may be of greater significance in the case of CLOs depending upon the Fund’s ranking in the capital structure. In certain cases, losses may equal the total amount of the Fund’s principal investment. Investments in structured vehicles, including equity and junior debt securities issued by CLOs, involve risks, including credit risk and market risk. Changes in interest rates and credit quality may cause significant price fluctuations.
In addition to the general risks associated with investing in debt securities, CLO securities carry additional risks, including: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral assets will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) investments in CLO equity and junior debt tranches will likely be subordinate in right of payment to other senior classes of CLO debt; and (iv) the complex structure of a particular security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results. Additionally, changes in the collateral held by a CLO may cause payments on the instruments held by the Fund to be reduced, either temporarily or permanently. CLOs also may be subject to prepayment risk. Further, the performance of a CLO may be adversely affected by a variety of factors, including the security’s priority in the capital structure of the issuer thereof, the availability of any credit enhancement, the level and timing of payments and recoveries on and the characteristics of the underlying receivables, loans or other assets that are being securitized, remoteness of those assets from the originator or transferor, the adequacy of and ability to realize upon any related collateral and the capability of the servicer of the securitized assets. There are also the risks that the trustee of a CLO does not properly carry out its duties to the CLO, potentially resulting in loss to the CLO. In addition, the complex structure of the security may produce unexpected investment results, especially during times of market stress or volatility.
Investing in securities of CLOs involves the possibility of investments being subject to potential losses arising from material misrepresentation or omission on the part of borrowers whose loans make up the assets of such entities. Such inaccuracy or incompleteness may adversely affect the valuation of the receivables or may adversely affect the ability of the relevant entity to perfect or effectuate a lien on the collateral securing its assets. The CLOs in which the Fund invests will rely upon the accuracy and completeness of representations made by the underlying borrowers to the extent reasonable, but cannot guarantee such accuracy or completeness. The quality of the Fund’s investments in CLOs is subject to the accuracy of representations made by the underlying borrowers. In addition, the Fund is subject to the risk that the systems used by the originators of CLOs to control for accuracy are defective. Under certain circumstances, payments to the Fund may be reclaimed if any such payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance or a preferential payment.
To the extent underlying default rates with respect to the securities in which the Fund invests occur or otherwise increase, the performance of the Fund’s investments may be adversely affected. The rate of defaults and losses on debt instruments will be affected by a number of factors, including global, regional and local economic conditions in the area where the borrower operates, the financial circumstances of the borrower as well as the general market conditions. A decline in global markets (or any particular
sub-market
thereof) may result in
 
higher delinquencies and/or defaults as borrowers may not be able to repay or refinance their outstanding debt obligations when due for a variety of reasons, which may adversely affect the performance of the Fund’s investments.
CLOs typically will have no significant assets other than the assets underlying such CLOs, including, but not limited to, secured loans, leveraged loans, project finance loans, unsecured loans, cash collateralized letters of credit and other asset-backed obligations, and/or instruments (each of which may be listed or unlisted and in bearer or registered form) that serve as collateral. Payments on the CLO securities are and will be payable solely from the cash flows from the collateral, net of all management fees and other expenses.
The failure by a CLO in which the Fund invests to satisfy financial covenants, including with respect to adequate collateralization and/or interest coverage tests, could lead to a reduction in its payments to the Fund. In the event that a CLO fails certain tests, holders of CLO senior debt may be entitled to additional payments that would, in turn, reduce the payments the Fund would otherwise be entitled to receive. Separately, the Fund may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants, with a defaulting CLO or any other investment the Fund may make. If any of these occur, it could materially and adversely affect the Fund’s returns.
Issuers may be subject to management, administration and incentive or performance fees. Payment of such additional fees will adversely impact on the returns achieved by the Fund.
The Fund may hold securities that are in a first loss or subordinated position with respect to realized losses on the collateral of its issuers. The leveraged nature of CLOs, in particular, magnifies the adverse impact of loan defaults. CLO investments represent a leveraged investment with respect to the underlying loans. Therefore, changes in the market value of the CLO investments could be greater than the change in the market value of the underlying loans, which are subject to credit, liquidity and interest rate risk.
The Fund’s investments and the assets that collateralize them may prepay more quickly than expected and have an impact on the value of the Fund. Prepayment rates are influenced by changes in interest rates and a variety of factors beyond the Fund’s control and consequently cannot be accurately predicted. Early prepayments give rise to increased
re-investment
risk, as the Fund or a CLO collateral manager might realize excess cash from prepayments earlier than expected. If the Fund or a CLO collateral manager is unable to reinvest such cash in a new investment with an expected rate of return at least equal to that of the investment repaid, this may reduce net income and the fair value of that asset.
The Fund is expected to rely on CLO collateral managers to administer and review the portfolios of collateral they manage. The actions of the CLO collateral managers may significantly affect the return on investments. The ability of each CLO collateral manager to identify and report on issues affecting its securitization portfolio on a timely basis could also affect the return on investments, as the Fund may not be provided with information on a timely basis in order to take appropriate measures to manage its risks. The Fund is also expected to rely on CLO collateral managers to act in the best interests of a CLO it manages. If any CLO collateral manager were to act in a manner that was not in the best interest of the CLOs (e.g., gross negligence, with reckless disregard or in bad faith), this could adversely impact the overall performance of investments.
There could in the future be circumstances when uncertainty exists with respect to the roles of certain parties in respect of the issuers of the securities in which the Fund invests. Various issues may arise for which there may not be a clear answer in the transaction documents of such issuers, such as, for example only, whether the trustee is obligated to actively search for breaches of representations and warranties, whether holders of the issuer’s securities should be allowed access to all deal documents and whether principal forgiveness should be treated as a realized loss. The manner in which these open issues are resolved, specifically those which impact the receipt and allocation of underlying cash flows and losses, could adversely impact the Fund’s current and future investments in issuers.
 
The failure of servicers to effectively service the loans underlying certain of the investments held by the Fund could materially and adversely affect the Fund. Most securitizations of loans require a servicer to manage collections on each of the underlying loans. Both default frequency and default severity of loans may depend upon the quality of the servicer. If servicers are not vigilant in encouraging borrowers to make their monthly payments, the borrowers may be far less likely to make these payments, which could result in a higher frequency of default. If servicers take longer to liquidate
non-performing
assets, loss severities may tend to be higher than originally anticipated. The failure of servicers to effectively service the receivables underlying certain assets in the Fund’s investments could negatively impact the value of its investments and its performance. Servicer quality is of prime importance in the default performance of certain personal loans. Servicers may go out of business which would require a transfer of servicing to another servicer. Such transfers take time and loans may become delinquent because of confusion or lack of attention. Servicers may be required to advance interest on delinquent loans to the extent the servicer deems those advances recoverable. In the event the servicer does not advance, interest may be interrupted even on more senior securities. Servicers may also advance more than is in fact recoverable once a defaulted loan is disposed, and the loss to the Fund may be greater than the outstanding principal balance of that loan (greater than 100% loss severity). For securitizations with corporate loans, the collateral manager’s role in reinvestment of principal amortization in performing credits and with respect to loans that default, as well as its ability to actively manage the portfolio through trading, will have a significant impact on the value of the underlying collateral and the performance of its securitization. If the collateral manager reinvests proceeds into loans which then default, does not sell loans before such loans default close to the original purchase price or does not effectively contribute to a restructuring process to maximize value of the loan the securitization owns, the collateral manager could materially and adversely impact the Fund’s investments.
The Fund’s investment strategy with respect to certain investments (or types of investments) may be based, in part, upon the premise that interests in issuers and/or an issuer’s underlying collateral that are otherwise performing may from time to time be available for participation by the Fund at “discounted” rates or at “undervalued” prices. Purchasing debt instruments and/or other interests at what may appear to be “undervalued” or “discounted” levels is no guarantee that these investments will generate attractive risk-adjusted returns to the Fund or will not be subject to further reductions in value. For reasons not necessarily attributable to any of the risks set forth herein (for example, supply/demand imbalances or other market forces), the prices of the debt instruments and other securities in which the Fund invests may decline substantially. In particular, purchasing debt instruments or other assets at what may appear to be “undervalued” or “discounted” levels is no guarantee that these assets will not be trading at even lower levels at a time of valuation or at the time of sale. It may not be possible to predict such “spread widening” risk. Additionally, the perceived discount in pricing from previous environments described herein may still not reflect the true value of the collateral assets underlying debt instruments in which the Fund invests.
The fair value of investments may be significantly affected by changes in interest rates. Investments in senior-secured loans through CLOs are sensitive to interest rate levels and volatility. Although CLOs are generally structured to mitigate the risk of interest rate mismatch, there may be some difference between the timing of interest rate resets on the assets and liabilities of a CLO. Such a mismatch in timing could have a negative effect on the amount of funds distributed to CLO investors, including the Fund. In addition, CLOs may not be able to enter into hedge agreements, even if it may otherwise be in the best interests of the CLO to hedge such interest rate risk. Furthermore, in the event of a significant rising interest rate environment and/or economic downturn, loan defaults may increase and result in credit losses that may adversely affect the Fund’s cash flow, fair value of its assets and operating results.
The senior-secured loans underlying CLOs typically have floating interest rates. A rising interest rate environment may increase loan defaults, resulting in losses for the CLOs and the Fund. Further, a general rise in interest rates will increase the financing costs of the CLOs. However, since many of the senior secured loans within these CLOs have floors based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) or another reference rate, there may not be corresponding increases in investment income constraining distributions to investors in these CLOs. CLOs typically obtain financing at a floating rate based on SOFR or another reference rate.
 
CLOs are typically actively managed by an investment manager, and as a result the interests therein are traded, subject to credit rating agency and other constraints, by such investment manager. The aggregate return on the CLO equity securities will depend in part upon the ability of each investment manager to actively manage the issuer’s portfolio of assets. Additionally, CLOs may be negatively impacted by rating agency actions, and if the securities issued by, or the portfolio securities of, a CLO are downgraded, the Fund’s investment may decline in value. It is possible that an affiliate of the Fund may participate (in certain instances) in the review and approval of the initial collateral selection of the Fund’s issuers as well as any collateral additions to the portfolio. In times of market stress, valuation of CLO securities may reflect wide
bid-ask
spreads from numerous valuation sources and be subject to good faith valuations. However, the exercise of control over an issuer could expose the assets of the Fund to claims by such issuer, its investors and its creditors. While the
Sub-Adviser
intends to manage the Fund in a manner that will minimize the exposure of these risks, the possibility of successful claims cannot be precluded.
Between the closing date and the effective date of a CLO, the CLO collateral manager will generally expect to purchase additional collateral obligations for the CLO. During this period, the price and availability of these collateral obligations may be adversely affected by a number of market factors, including price volatility and availability of investments suitable for the CLO, which could hamper the ability of the collateral manager to acquire a portfolio of collateral obligations that will satisfy specified concentration limitations and allow the CLO to reach the target initial par amount of collateral prior to the effective date. An inability or delay in reaching the target initial par amount of collateral may adversely affect the timing and amount of interest or principal payments received by the holders of the CLO debt securities and distributions on the CLO equity securities and could result in early redemptions which may cause CLO debt and equity investors, including the Fund, to receive less than face value of their investment.
Risks Related to Investing in Data Centers.
 The Fund may invest in data centers. Such investments are subject to operating risks common to the data center industry, which include changes in tenant demands or preferences, a decline in the technology industry, such as a decrease in the use of mobile
or web-based commerce,
industry slowdowns, business layoffs or downsizing, relocation of businesses, increased costs of complying with existing or new government regulations and other factors; a downturn in the market for data center space generally such as oversupply of or reduced demand for space; increased competition, including from tenants choosing to develop their own data centers; and the rapid development of new technologies or the adoption of new industry standards that render tenants’ current products and services or facilities obsolete or unmarketable. To the extent that any of these or other adverse conditions occur, they are likely to impact market rents for, and cash flows from, the Fund’s data center investments, which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund.
Royalties Risk
. The Fund may invest in royalties, either directly purchasing the asset generating royalties or providing loans secured by royalties. Investments in royalties incorporate a number of general market risks along with risks specific to various underlying royalty strategies, such as oil and gas, music/entertainment and healthcare, among others. Included in those risks are volatility in commodities, regulatory changes, delays in government approvals, patent defense and enforcement, product liabilities, product pricing and the dependence on third parties to market or distribute the product. The market performance of the target products, therefore, may be diminished by any number of factors that are beyond the Fund’s control.
Interest Rate Risk
. General interest rate fluctuations and changes in credit spreads on floating rate loans may have a substantial negative impact on the Fund’s investments and investment opportunities and, accordingly, may have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s rate of return on invested capital, the Fund’s net investment income and the Fund’s NAV. Certain of the Fund’s debt investments will have variable interest rates that reset periodically based on benchmarks such as SOFR and the prime rate, so an increase in interest rates may make it more difficult for issuers to service their obligations under the debt investments that the Fund will hold. In addition, to the extent the Fund borrows money to make investments, its returns will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which it borrows funds and the rate at which it invests those funds. As a result, there can be no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect
 
on the Fund’s net investment income to the extent it uses debt to finance its investments. In periods of rising interest rates, the Fund’s cost of funds would increase, which could reduce its net investment income. In general, rising interest rates will negatively impact the price of a fixed rate debt instrument and falling interest rates will have a positive effect on price. Adjustable-rate instruments also react to interest rate changes in a similar manner, although generally to a lesser degree (depending, however, on the characteristics of the reset terms, including the index chosen, frequency of reset and reset caps or floors, among other factors). From time to time, the Fund may be exposed to medium- to long-term spread duration securities. Longer spread duration securities have a greater adverse price impact to increases in interest rates. Interest rate sensitivity is generally more pronounced and less predictable in instruments with uncertain payment or prepayment schedules.
If general interest rates rise, there is a risk that the portfolio companies in which the Fund holds floating rate securities will be unable to pay escalating interest amounts, which could result in a default under their loan documents. Rising interest rates could also cause portfolio companies to shift cash from other productive uses to the payment of interest, which may have a material adverse effect on their business and operations and could, over time, lead to increased defaults. In addition, rising interest rates may increase pressure on the Fund to provide fixed rate loans to the Fund’s portfolio companies, which could adversely affect the Fund’s net investment income, as increases in the cost of borrowed funds would not be accompanied by increased interest income from such fixed-rate investments.
Inflation Risk
. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of certain assets or income from the Fund’s investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of investments and distributions can decline. In addition, during any periods of rising inflation, the dividend rates or borrowing costs associated with the Fund’s use of leverage would likely increase, which would tend to further reduce returns to Shareholders.
Real Assets Investments Risk
. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities and credit instruments associated with real assets, including infrastructure and aviation, which have historically experienced substantial price volatility. The value of companies engaged in these industries is affected by, among other things: (i) changes in general economic and market conditions; (ii) the destruction of real assets, catastrophic events (such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes,
man-made
disasters, and terrorist acts) and other public crises and relief responses; (iii) changes in environmental, governmental and other regulations; (iv) risks related to local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition; (iv) increases in property taxes and operating expenses; (vi) changes in zoning laws; (vii) casualty and condemnation losses; (viii) surplus capacity and depletion concerns; (ix) the availability of financing; and (x) changes in interest rates and leverage. In addition, the availability of attractive financing and refinancing typically plays a critical role in the success of these investments. As a result, such investments are subject to credit risk because borrowers may be delinquent in payment or default. Borrower delinquency and default rates may be significantly higher than estimated. The
Sub-Adviser’s
assessment, or a rating agency’s assessment, of borrower credit quality may prove to be overly optimistic. The value of securities in these industries may go through cycles of relative under-performance and over-performance in comparison to equity securities markets in general.
Real Estate Investments Risk
. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities and credit instruments of companies in the real estate industry, which has historically experienced substantial price volatility. The value of companies engaged in the real estate industry is affected by, among other things: (i) changes in general economic and market conditions; (ii) changes in the value of real estate properties; (iii) risks related to local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition; (iv) increases in property taxes and operating expenses; (v) changes in zoning laws; (vi) casualty and condemnation losses; (vii) variations in rental income, neighborhood values or the appeal of property to tenants; (viii) the availability of financing; and (ix) changes in interest rates and leverage. In addition, the availability of attractive financing and refinancing typically plays a critical role in the success of real estate investments. As a result, such investments are subject to credit risk because borrowers may be delinquent in payment or default. Borrower delinquency and default rates may be significantly higher than estimated. The
Sub-Adviser’s
assessment, or a rating agency’s assessment, of borrower
 
credit quality may prove to be overly optimistic. The value of securities in this industry may go through cycles of relative under-performance and over-performance in comparison to equity securities markets in general.
The Fund’s investments in mortgage loans secured by real estate will be subject to risks of delinquency, loss, taking title to collateral and bankruptcy of the borrower. The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by real estate is typically dependent primarily upon the successful operation of such property rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the borrower. If the net operating income of the property is reduced or is not increased, depending on the borrower’s business plan, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. If a borrower defaults or declares bankruptcy and the underlying asset value is less than the loan amount, the Fund will suffer a loss. In this manner, real estate values could impact the value of the Fund’s mortgage loan investments. Therefore, the Fund’s investments in mortgage loans will be subject to the risks typically associated with real estate. The Fund may invest in commercial real estate loans, which are secured by commercial property and are subject to risks of loss that may be greater than similar risks associated with loans made on the security of single-family residential property.
Legislative, regulatory and enforcement actions seeking to prevent or restrict foreclosures or providing forbearance relief to borrowers of residential mortgage loans may adversely affect the value of certain mortgage loan investments. Legislative or regulatory initiatives by federal, state or local legislative bodies or administrative agencies, if enacted or adopted, could delay foreclosure or the exercise of other remedies, provide new defenses to foreclosure, or otherwise impair the ability of the loan servicer to foreclose or realize on a defaulted mortgage loan. While the nature or extent of limitations on foreclosure or exercise of other remedies that may be enacted cannot be predicted, any such governmental actions that interfere with the foreclosure process or are designed to protect customers could increase the costs of such foreclosures or exercise of other remedies in respect of mortgage loans, delay the timing or reduce the amount of recoveries on defaulted mortgage loans held by the Fund, and consequently, could adversely impact the yields and distributions the Fund may receive in respect of its ownership of mortgage loans.
Preferred Stock
. Preferred stock generally has a preference as to dividends and upon the event of liquidation over an issuer’s common stock, but it ranks junior to debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure. Preferred stock generally pays dividends in cash (or additional shares of preferred stock) at a defined rate, but unlike interest payments on debt securities, preferred stock dividends are payable only if declared by the issuer’s board of directors. Dividends on preferred stock may be cumulative, meaning that, in the event the issuer fails to make one or more dividend payments on the preferred stock, no dividends may be paid on the issuer’s common stock until all unpaid preferred stock dividends have been paid. Preferred stock may also be subject to optional or mandatory redemption provisions.
Convertible Securities
. Convertible securities (including contingent convertible securities) are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a specified amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security generally entitles its holder to receive interest or a dividend until the convertible security matures or is redeemed or converted. Convertible securities generally: (i) have higher yields than the dividends on the underlying common stocks, but lower yields than
non-convertible
securities of a comparable duration; (ii) are less volatile in price than the underlying common stock due to their fixed-income characteristics; (iii) have a significant option component to their value which is directly impacted by the prevailing market volatility and interest rates; and (iv) provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases.
The value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” (determined by its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion feature) and its “conversion value” (the security’s worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates (with investment value declining as interest rates increase) as well as market volatility (with the conversion value increasing as market
 
volatility increases). The credit standing of the issuer and other factors may also have an effect on investment value. The conversion value of a convertible security is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. To the extent that the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed-income security. Generally, the amount of the premium decreases (as with an option) as the convertible security approaches maturity.
A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required either to permit the issuer to redeem the security or convert it into the underlying common stock. Either of these actions could have an adverse effect on the value of the Fund’s position.
The Fund may also invest in contingent convertible securities. Contingent convertible securities are a form of hybrid debt security that are intended to either convert into equity or have their principal written down upon the occurrence of certain “triggers.” In certain circumstances, the principal of contingent convertible securities may be written down to zero even when the underlying equity may retain value. The value of contingent convertible securities is unpredictable and will be influenced by many factors including, without limitation: (i) the creditworthiness of the issuer and/or fluctuations in such issuer’s applicable capital ratios; (ii) supply and demand for the contingent convertible securities; (iii) general market conditions and available liquidity; and (iv) economic, financial and political events that affect the issuer, its particular market or the financial markets in general. Investments in contingent convertible securities may be considered speculative.
Limited Amortization Requirements
. The Fund may invest in loans that have limited mandatory amortization requirements. While these loans may obligate an issuer to repay the loan out of asset sale proceeds, with annual excess cash flow or by refinancing upon maturity, repayment requirements may be subject to substantial limitations that would allow an issuer to retain such asset sale proceeds or cash flow, thereby extending the expected weighted average life of the investment. In addition, a low level of amortization of any debt over the life of the investment may increase the risk that an issuer will not be able to repay or refinance the loans held by the Fund when it matures.
Securities on a When-Issued or Forward Commitment Basis
. The Fund may purchase securities on a “when-issued” basis and may purchase or sell securities on a “forward commitment” basis to acquire the security or to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. When such transactions are negotiated, the price is fixed at the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities take place at a later date. When-issued securities and forward commitments may be sold prior to the settlement date, but the Fund will enter into when-issued and forward commitments only with the intention of actually receiving or delivering the securities, as the case may be. If the Fund disposes of the right to acquire a when-issued security prior to its acquisition or disposes of its right to deliver or receive against a forward commitment, it might incur a gain or loss. There is always a risk that the securities may not be delivered and that the Fund may incur a loss. Settlements in the ordinary course, which may take substantially more than five business days, are not treated by the Fund as when-issued or forward commitment transactions. The settlements of secondary market purchases of senior loans in the ordinary course, on a settlement date beyond the period expected by loan market participants are subject to delayed compensation. Furthermore, the purchase of a senior loan in the secondary market is typically negotiated and finalized pursuant to a binding trade confirmation, and therefore, the risk of
non-delivery
of the security to the Fund is reduced or eliminated when compared with such risk when investing in when-issued or forward commitment securities.
Equity Investments
. When the Fund invests in senior secured loans or mezzanine loans, it may acquire equity securities as well. In addition, the Fund may invest directly in the equity securities of issuers. The Fund’s goal is
 
ultimately to dispose of such equity interests and realize gains upon its disposition of such interests. However, the equity interests received may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, the Fund may not be able to realize gains from its equity interests, and any gains that it does realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses experienced.
The value of the Fund’s portfolio may be affected by changes in the equity markets generally. Equity markets may experience significant short-term volatility and may fall sharply at times. Different markets may behave differently from each other and U.S. equity markets may move in the opposite direction from one or more foreign stock markets. Adverse events in any part of the equity or fixed-income markets may have unexpected negative effects on other market segments. The prices of individual equity securities generally do not all move in the same direction at the same time and a variety of factors can affect the price of a particular company’s securities. These factors may include, but are not limited to, poor earnings reports, a loss of customers, litigation against the company, general unfavorable performance of the company’s sector or industry, or changes in government regulations affecting the company or its industry.
Investments in Publicly Traded Companies
. The Fund’s investment portfolio may contain securities or instruments issued by publicly-held companies. Such investments may subject the Fund to risks that differ in type or degree from those involved with investments in privately-held companies. Such risks include, without limitation, greater volatility in the valuation of such companies, increased obligations to disclose information regarding such companies, limitations on the ability of the Fund to dispose of such securities or instruments at certain times, increased likelihood of Shareholder litigation against such companies’ board members (which may include personnel of the Adviser or
Sub-Adviser)
and increased costs associated with each of the aforementioned risks.
In addition, in respect of the Fund’s publicly traded debt investments, the Fund will not obtain financial covenants or other contractual rights, including management rights, that it might otherwise be able to obtain in making privately-negotiated investments. Moreover, the Fund may not have the same access to information in connection with investments in public securities, either when investigating a potential investment or after making an investment, as compared to privately-negotiated investments. Furthermore, the Fund may be limited in its ability to make investments, and to sell existing investments, in public securities because the Adviser or
Sub-Adviser
may be deemed to have material, nonpublic information regarding the issuers of those securities or as a result of other internal policies.
Prepayment Risk
. Prepayment risk relates to the early repayment of principal on a loan or debt security. Loans are generally callable at any time, and certain loans may be callable at any time at no premium to par. The
Sub-Adviser
is generally unable to predict the rate and frequency of such repayments. Whether a loan is called will depend both on the continued positive performance of the issuer and the existence of favorable financing market conditions that allow such issuer the ability to replace existing financing with less expensive capital. As market conditions change frequently, the
Sub-Adviser
will often be unable to predict when, and if, this may be possible for each of the Fund’s issuers. Having the loan or other debt instrument called early may have the effect of reducing the Fund’s actual investment income below its expected investment income if the capital returned cannot be invested in transactions with equal or greater yields.
Investments in Highly Leveraged Issuers
. The Fund’s investments are expected to include investments in issuers whose capital structures have significant leverage (including substantial leverage senior to the Fund’s investments), a considerable portion of which may be at floating interest rates. The leveraged capital structure of such issuers will increase their exposure to adverse economic factors such as rising interest rates, downturns in the economy or further deteriorations in the financial condition of the issuer or its industry. This leverage may result in more serious adverse consequences to such companies (including their overall profitability or solvency) in the event these factors or events occur than would be the case for less leveraged issuers. In using leverage, these issuers may be subject to terms and conditions that include restrictive financial and operating covenants, which may impair their ability to finance or otherwise pursue their future operations or otherwise satisfy
 
additional capital needs. Moreover, rising interest rates may significantly increase the issuers or project’s interest expense, or a significant industry downturn may affect a company’s ability to generate positive cash flow, in either case causing an inability to service outstanding debt. The Fund’s investments may be among the most junior financing in an issuer’s capital structure. In the event such issuer cannot generate adequate cash flow to meet debt obligations, the company may default on its loan agreements or be forced into bankruptcy resulting in a restructuring or liquidation of the company, and the Fund, particularly in light of the subordinated and/or unsecured position of the Fund’s investments, may suffer a partial or total loss of capital invested in the company, which could adversely affect the return of the Fund.
Investments in Restructurings
. The Fund may invest in restructurings that involve, or otherwise invest in the debt securities of, companies that are experiencing or are expected to experience severe financial difficulties. These severe financial difficulties may never be overcome and may cause such companies to become subject to bankruptcy proceedings. The return on investment sought or targeted by the Fund in any investment in a restructuring may depend upon the restructuring progressing in a particular manner or resulting in a particular outcome (including regarding the conversion or repayment of the Fund’s investments). There can be no assurance that any such outcome, development or result will occur or be successful and, as a result, the premise underlying the Fund’s investment may never come to fruition and the Fund’s returns may be adversely affected. Investments in restructurings could, in certain circumstances, subject the Fund to certain additional potential liabilities that may exceed the value of the Fund’s original investment therein. For instance, under certain circumstances, payments to the Fund and distributions to Shareholders may be reclaimed if any such payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance, preferential payment or similar transaction under applicable bankruptcy and insolvency laws. Furthermore, investments in restructurings may be adversely affected by statutes relating to, among other things, fraudulent conveyances, voidable preferences, lender liability and the court’s discretionary power to disallow, subordinate or disenfranchise particular claims or characterize investments made in the form of debt as equity contributions. For certain restructurings, the Fund may utilize blocker corporations, which may incur federal and state income taxes. In restructurings, whether constituting liquidation (both in and out of bankruptcy) and other forms of corporate reorganization, there exists the risk that the restructuring either will be unsuccessful (due to, for example, failure to obtain requisite approvals), will be delayed (for example, until various liabilities, actual or contingent, have been satisfied) or will result in a distribution of cash or a new security or instrument the value of which will be less than the purchase price to the Fund of the security in respect to which such distribution was made. The Fund may not be “hedged” against market fluctuations, or, in liquidation situations, may not accurately value the assets of the company being liquidated. This can result in losses, even if the proposed restructuring is consummated. Under certain circumstances, a lender that has inappropriately exercised control of the management and policies of a debtor may have its claims subordinated or disallowed, or may be found liable for damages suffered by parties as a result of such actions.
When a company seeks relief under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (or has a petition filed against it), an automatic stay prevents all entities, including creditors, from foreclosing or taking other actions to enforce claims, perfect liens or reach collateral securing such claims. Creditors who have claims against the company prior to the date of the bankruptcy filing must petition the court to permit them to take any action to protect or enforce their claims or their rights in any collateral. Such creditors may be prohibited from doing so if the court concludes that the value of the property in which the creditor has an interest will be “adequately protected” during the proceedings. If the Bankruptcy Court’s assessment of adequate protection is inaccurate, a creditor’s collateral may be wasted without the creditor being afforded the opportunity to preserve it. Thus, even if the Fund holds a secured claim, it may be prevented from collecting the liquidation value of the collateral securing its debt, unless relief from the automatic stay is granted by the Bankruptcy Court. Bankruptcy proceedings are inherently litigious, time consuming, highly complex and driven extensively by facts and circumstances, which can result in challenges in predicting outcomes. The equitable power of bankruptcy judges also can result in uncertainty as to the ultimate resolution of claims.
Security interests held by creditors are closely scrutinized and frequently challenged in bankruptcy proceedings and may be invalidated for a variety of reasons. For example, security interests may be set aside because, as a
 
technical matter, they have not been perfected properly under the Uniform Commercial Code or other applicable law. If a security interest is invalidated, the secured creditor loses the value of the collateral and because loss of the secured status causes the claim to be treated as an unsecured claim, the holder of such claim will almost certainly experience a significant loss of its investment. There can be no assurance that the security interests securing the Fund’s claims will not be challenged vigorously and found defective in some respect, or that the Fund will be able to prevail against any such challenge.
Moreover, debt may be disallowed or subordinated to the claims of other creditors if the creditor is found guilty of certain inequitable conduct resulting in harm to other parties with respect to the affairs of a company filing for protection from creditors under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Creditors’ claims may be treated as equity if they are deemed to be contributions to capital, or if a creditor attempts to control the outcome of the business affairs of a company prior to its filing under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Serving on an official or unofficial creditors’ committee, for example, increases the possibility that the Fund will be deemed an “insider” or a “fiduciary” of an issuer it has so assisted and may increase the possibility that the Bankruptcy Court would invoke the doctrine of “equitable subordination” with respect to any claim or equity interest held by the Fund in such issuer and subordinate any such claim or equity interest in whole or in part to other claims or equity interests in such issuer. Claims of equitable subordination may also arise outside of the context of the Fund’s committee activities. If a creditor is found to have interfered with a company’s affairs to the detriment of other creditors or shareholders, the creditor may be held liable for damages to injured parties. While the Fund will attempt to avoid taking the types of action that would lead to equitable subordination or creditor liability, there can be no assurance that such claims will not be asserted or that the Fund will be able to successfully defend against them. In addition, if representation of a creditors’ committee of an issuer causes the Fund, the Adviser, or the
Sub-Adviser
to be deemed an affiliate of such issuer, the securities of such issuer held by the Fund may become restricted securities, which are not freely tradable.
While the challenges to liens and debt described above normally occur in a bankruptcy proceeding, the conditions or conduct that would lead to an attack in a bankruptcy proceeding could in certain circumstances result in actions brought by other creditors of the debtor, shareholders of the debtor or even the debtor itself in other state or U.S. federal proceedings, including pursuant to state fraudulent transfer laws. As is the case in a bankruptcy proceeding, there can be no assurance that such claims will not be asserted or that the Fund will be able to defend against them successfully. To the extent the Fund assumes an active role in any legal proceeding involving the debtor, the Fund may be prevented from disposing of securities or instruments issued by the debtor due to the Fund, the Adviser, or the
Sub-Adviser’s
possession of material,
non-public
information concerning the debtor.
From time to time, the Fund may invest in or extend loans to companies that have filed for protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. These
debtor-in-possession
or “DIP” loans are most often revolving working-capital facilities put into place at the outset of a Chapter 11 case to provide the debtor with both immediate cash and the ongoing working capital that will be required during the reorganization process. While such loans are generally less risky than many other types of loans as a result of their seniority in the debtor’s capital structure and because their terms have been approved by a federal bankruptcy court order, it is possible that the debtor’s reorganization efforts may fail and the proceeds of the ensuing liquidation of the DIP lender’s collateral might be insufficient to repay in full the DIP loan.
In addition, issuers located in
non-U.S.
jurisdictions may be involved in restructurings, bankruptcy proceedings and/or reorganizations that are not subject to laws and regulations that are similar to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and the rights of creditors afforded in U.S. jurisdictions. To the extent such
non-U.S.
laws and regulations do not provide the Fund with equivalent rights and privileges necessary to promote and protect its interest in any such proceeding, the Fund’s investments in any such issuer may be adversely affected. For example, bankruptcy law and process in a
non-U.S.
jurisdiction may differ substantially from that in the United States, resulting in greater uncertainty as to the rights of creditors, the enforceability of such rights, reorganization timing and the classification, seniority and treatment of claims. In certain developing countries, although bankruptcy laws have been enacted, the process for reorganization remains highly uncertain.
 
Securities of Other Investment Companies Risk
. Under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, subject to the Fund’s own more restrictive limitations, if any, the Fund’s investment in securities issued by other investment companies (including business development companies (“BDC”)), subject to certain exceptions, currently is limited to: (1) 3% of the total voting stock of any one investment company; (2) 5% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to any one investment company; and (3) 10% of the Fund’s total assets in the aggregate (such limits do not apply to investments in money market funds). Exemptions in the 1940 Act or the rules thereunder may allow the Fund to invest in another investment company in excess of these limits. In particular, Rule
12d1-4
under the 1940 Act allows the Fund to acquire the securities of another investment company, excess of the limitations imposed by Section 12 of the 1940 Act, subject to certain limitations and conditions on the Fund and the Adviser, including limits on control and voting of acquired funds’ shares, evaluations and findings by the Investment Manager and limits on most three-tier fund structures. Investments by the Fund in private funds that are excluded from the definition of “investment company” pursuant to Sections 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act generally are not subject to the Section 12(d)(1) limits described above.
When investing in the securities of other investment companies, the Fund will be indirectly exposed to all the risks of such investment companies’ portfolio securities. In addition, as a shareholder in an investment company, the Fund would indirectly bear its pro rata share of that investment company’s advisory fees, incentive fees and other operating expenses. Fees and expenses incurred indirectly by the Fund as a result of its investment in shares of one or more other investment companies generally are referred to as “acquired fund fees and expenses” and are reflected as a separate line item in the Fund’s prospectus fee table. See “
Summary of Fees and Expenses
.” For certain investment companies, such as BDCs, these expenses may be significant. In addition, the shares of
closed-end
management investment companies may involve the payment of substantial premiums above, while the sale of such securities may be made at substantial discounts from, the value of such issuer’s portfolio securities. Historically, shares of
closed-end
funds, including BDCs, have frequently traded at a discount to their NAV, which discounts have, on occasion, been substantial and lasted for sustained periods of time.
Certain money market funds that operate in accordance with Rule
2a-7
under the 1940 Act float their NAV while others seek to reserve the value of investments at a stable NAV (typically $1.00 per share). An investment in a money market fund, even an investment in a fund seeking to maintain a stable NAV per share, is not guaranteed, and it is possible for the Fund to lose money by investing in these and other types of money market funds. Certain money market funds are subject to mandatory liquidity fees if daily net redemptions exceed 5% of their net assets and may also impose a discretionary liquidity fee of up to 2% on redemptions if that fee is determined to be in the best interests of the money market fund. Such fees, if imposed, will reduce the amount the Fund receives on redemptions.
ETF Risk
. The risks of investment in an ETF typically reflect the risks of the types of instruments in which the ETF invests. If the Fund invests in ETFs, Shareholders will bear indirectly their proportionate share of the ETF’s fees and expenses, as well as their share of the Fund’s fees and expenses. As a result, an investment by the Fund in an ETF could cause the Fund’s total operating expenses (taking into account indirect expenses such as the fees and expenses of the ETF) to be higher and, in turn, performance to be lower than if the Fund were to invest directly in the instruments underlying the ETF. The trading in an ETF may be halted if the trading in one or more of the ETF’s underlying securities is halted. In addition, ETFs are susceptible to market trading risks, such as the risks of discounts to net asset value, high spreads and trading disruptions.
Non-Performing
Investments
. The Fund’s portfolio may include investments whose underlying collateral are
“non-performing”
and that are typically highly leveraged, with significant burdens on cash flow and, therefore, involve a high degree of financial risk. During an economic downturn or recession, securities of financially troubled or operationally troubled issuers are more likely to go into default than securities or instruments of other issuers. Securities or instruments of financially troubled issuers and operationally troubled issuers are less liquid and more volatile than securities or instruments of companies not experiencing financial difficulties. Investment, directly or indirectly in financially and/or operationally troubled issuers involves a high degree of credit and market risk. These difficulties may never be overcome and may cause borrowers to become subject to bankruptcy
 
or other similar administrative proceedings. There is a possibility that the Fund may incur substantial or total losses on its investments and in certain circumstances, the Fund may be subject to certain additional potential liabilities that may exceed the value of the Fund’s original investment therein.
Risks of Certain
Non-U.S.
Investments
. The Fund expects to invest a portion of its assets outside of the United States.
Non-U.S.
securities or instruments involve certain factors not typically associated with investing in U.S. securities or instruments, including risks relating to (i) currency exchange matters, including fluctuations in the rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and the various
non-U.S.
currencies in which the Fund’s
non-U.S.
investments are denominated, and costs associated with conversion of investment principal and income from one currency into another; (ii) differences in conventions relating to documentation, settlement, corporate actions, stakeholder rights and other matters; (iii) differences between the U.S. and
non-U.S.
securities markets, including higher rates of inflations, higher transaction costs and potential price volatility in, and relative illiquidity of, some
non-U.S.
securities markets; (iv) the absence of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and disclosure requirements and less governmental supervision and regulation in some countries; (v) certain economic, social and political risks, including potential exchange control regulations and restrictions on
non-U.S.
investment and repatriation of capital, the risks of political, economic or social instability, including the risk of sovereign defaults, and the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation and adverse economic and political development; (vi) the possible imposition of
non-U.S.
taxes on income and gains recognized with respect to such securities or instruments; (vii) differing, and potentially less well developed or well-tested laws regarding creditor’s rights (including the rights of secured parties), corporate governance, fiduciary duties and the protection of investors; (viii) difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations; (ix) differences in the legal and regulatory environment or enhanced legal and regulatory compliance risk; (x) reliance on a more limited number of commodity inputs, service providers and/or distribution mechanisms; (xi) political hostility to investments by foreign or private investment fund investors; and (xii) less publicly available information.
In addition, the Fund’s investments in the debt of issuers located in certain
non-U.S.
jurisdictions may be adversely affected as a result of the ownership or control of an equity stake in such issuers by the Adviser, the
Sub-Adviser
and/or their respective affiliates. For example, in certain circumstances, the Fund could be subject to German “equity substitution rules” (similar to equitable subordination in the United States) if an issuer in which the Fund holds a debt investment and in which the Adviser, the
Sub-Adviser
and/or their respective affiliates hold an equity investment was to become insolvent. In such case, among other things, (i) the Fund may not be able to enforce its rights with respect to collateral, if any, (ii) the debt held by the Fund may be subordinated and (iii) the receiver may be entitled to reclaim amounts paid to the Fund within one year of the filing for commencement of insolvency proceedings or thereafter. The laws of other
non-U.S.
jurisdictions in which the Fund may seek to invest may have rules similar to Germany’s “equity substitution rules” discussed above, and the consequences to the Fund with respect to such rules may be more or less severe. Moreover, additional laws and regulations in
non-U.S.
jurisdictions in which the Fund may invest may affect the Fund’s investments in such jurisdictions in a manner that differs adversely from the results that would occur under U.S. laws and regulations applied to similar facts.
Additionally, the Fund may be less influential than other market participants in jurisdictions where it or the
Sub-Adviser
do not have a significant presence. The Fund may be subject to additional risks, which include possible adverse political and economic development, possible seizure or nationalization of
non-U.S.
deposits and possible adoption of governmental restrictions which might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest to investors located outside the country of the issuer, whether from currency blockage or otherwise. Furthermore, some of the securities may be subject to brokerage taxes levied by governments, which has the effect of increasing the cost of such investment and reducing the realized gain or increasing the realized loss on such securities at the time of sale. While the
Sub-Adviser
intends, where deemed appropriate, to seek to manage the Fund in a manner that will minimize exposure to the foregoing risks and will take these factors into consideration in making investment decisions for the Fund, there can be no assurance that adverse developments with respect to such risks will not adversely affect the assets of the Fund that are held in certain countries.
 
Foreign Currency Risks
. A significant portion of the Fund’s investments (and the income and gains received by the Fund in respect of such investments) may be denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. However, the books of the Fund will be maintained, and contributions to and distributions from the Fund will generally be made, in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange controls may materially adversely affect the value of the investments and the other assets of the Fund. For example, any significant depreciation in the exchange rate of the Euro, or any other currency in which the Fund makes investments, against the U.S. dollar, could adversely affect the value of dividends or proceeds on investments denominated in the Euro or such other currencies. In addition, the Fund will incur costs, which may be significant, in connection with the conversion of various currencies.
Currency Hedging Risk
. The
Sub-Adviser
expects to seek to hedge all or a portion of the Fund’s foreign currency risk. For example, the Fund may enter into foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the Fund’s exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies. In a foreign currency forward contract, the Fund agrees to receive or deliver a fixed quantity of one currency for another, at a
pre-determined
price at a future date. Forward foreign currency contracts are
marked-to-market
at the applicable forward rate. There is no guarantee that it will be practical to hedge currency risks or that any efforts to do so will be successful. The use of foreign currency forward contracts is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with investments in more traditional securities and instruments, and there is no guarantee that the Fund’s use of foreign currency forward contracts will achieve their intended result. If the
Sub-Adviser
is incorrect in its expectation of the timing or level of fluctuation in securities prices, currency prices or other variables, the use of foreign currency forward contracts could result in losses to the Fund, which in some cases may be significant. A lack of correlation between changes in the value of foreign currency forward contracts and the value of the portfolio assets (if any) being hedged could also result in losses to the Fund.
Use of Leverage: Risk of Borrowing by the Fund
.
The Fund expects to employ leverage through a variety of instruments and/or facilities. The Fund’s willingness to use leverage, and the extent to which leverage is used at any time, will depend on many factors, including the
Sub-Adviser’s
assessment of the yield curve environment, interest rate trends, market conditions and other factors. The Fund may incur permanent, Fund-level leverage including through, but not limited to, asset-backed facilities, revolvers, bonds, privately placed notes, subscription facilities, short-sales or other instruments. Borrowings by the Fund will further diminish returns (or increase losses on capital) to the extent overall returns are less than the Fund’s cost of funds. Such debt exposes the Fund to refinancing, recourse and other risks. As a general matter, the presence of leverage can accelerate losses.
Subject to prevailing market conditions, the Fund may add financial leverage if, immediately after such borrowing, it would have asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) of 300% or more on any senior security represented by indebtedness and 200% or more on preferred stock and debt, collectively. For example, if the Fund has $100 in net assets, it may utilize leverage through obtaining debt of up to $50, resulting in $150 in total assets (or 300% asset coverage). The Fund may seek to obtain leverage through preferred stock. The Fund may use leverage opportunistically and may choose to increase or decrease its leverage, or use different types or combinations of leveraging instruments, at any time based on the Fund’s assessment of market conditions and the investment environment. The Fund currently expects to employ leverage representing approximately
20-33%
of the Fund’s net assets.
The Advisers expect that the Fund’s borrowings may ultimately be secured with a security interest in investments. In times of adverse market conditions, the Fund may be required to post additional collateral that could affect the Fund’s liquidity. Incurrence of indebtedness at the Fund level (or entity through which it invests) may have consequences to the Fund and Shareholders, including, but not limited to: (i) greater fluctuations in the NAV of the Fund’s assets; (ii) use of cash flow for debt service, Distributions, or other purposes (and prospective investors should specifically note in this regard that, for the avoidance of doubt, in connection with one or more credit facilities entered into by the Fund, Distributions to Shareholders may be subordinated to payments required
 
in connection with any indebtedness contemplated thereby); (iii) to the extent that Fund revenues are required to meet principal payments, Shareholders may be allocated income (and therefore tax liability) in excess of cash distributed; and (iv) in certain circumstances, the Fund may be required to dispose of investments at a loss or otherwise on unattractive terms in order to service its debt obligations or meet its debt covenants. There can be no assurance that the Fund will have sufficient cash flow to meet its debt service obligations. As a result, the Fund’s exposure to foreclosure and other losses may be increased due to the illiquidity of its investments.
In addition, the Fund may need to refinance its outstanding debt as it matures. There is a risk that the Fund may not be able to refinance existing debt or that the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of any then existing loan agreements. If prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of refinancing result in higher interest rates upon refinancing, then the interest expense relating to that refinanced indebtedness would increase. These risks could adversely affect the Fund’s financial condition and cash flows and the return on its investments.
With respect to any asset-backed facility entered into by the Fund (or an affiliate thereof), a decrease in the market value of the Fund’s investments would increase the effective amount of leverage and could result in the possibility of a violation of certain financial covenants pursuant to which the Fund must repay the borrowed funds to the lender. Liquidation of the Fund’s investments at an inopportune time in order to satisfy such financial covenants could adversely impact the performance of the Fund and could, if the value of its investments had declined significantly, cause the Fund to lose all or a substantial amount of its capital. In the event of a sudden, precipitous drop in the value of the Fund’s assets, the Fund might not be able to dispose of assets quickly enough to pay off its debt resulting in a foreclosure or other total loss of some or all of the pledged assets. Fund-level debt facilities typically include other covenants such as, but not limited to, covenants against the Fund incurring or being in default under other recourse debt, including certain Fund guarantees of asset level debt, which, if triggered could cause adverse consequences to the Fund if it is unable to cure or otherwise mitigate such breach.
Effects of Leverage
. The table below assumes that borrowings represent approximately 33% of the Fund’s net assets as of August 1, 2025 and the Fund bears expenses relating to such borrowings at an annual effective interest rate of 6% (based on interest rates for such borrowings as of a recent date). The table below also assumes that the annual return that the Fund’s portfolio must experience (net of expenses not related to borrowings) in order to cover the costs of such leverage would be approximately 1.98%. These figures are estimates based on current market conditions, used for illustration purposes only. Actual expenses associated with borrowings used by the Fund may vary frequently and may be significantly higher or lower than the rate used for the example above.
The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the SEC. It is designed to illustrate the effects of the Fund’s leverage due to senior securities on corresponding Share total return, assuming investment portfolio total returns (consisting of income and changes in the value of investments held in the Fund’s portfolio) of
-10%,
-5%,
0%, 5% and 10%. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns expected to be experienced by the Fund. Your actual returns may be greater or less than those appearing below.
 
Assumed Return on Portfolio (Net of Expenses not related to borrowings)
     (10.00 %)      (5.00 %)      0.00     5.00     10.00
Corresponding Share Total Return
     (17.88 %)      (10.42 %)      (2.96 %)      4.51     11.97
Corresponding Share total return is composed of two elements — the Share dividends paid by the Fund (the amount of which is largely determined by the net investment income of the Fund after paying interest expenses on the Fund’s borrowings) and gains or losses on the value of the securities the Fund owns.
Change of Law Risk
. Government counterparties or agencies may have the discretion to change or increase regulation of a portfolio investment’s operations or implement laws or regulations affecting the portfolio
 
investment’s operations, separate from any contractual rights it may have. A portfolio investment also could be materially and adversely affected as a result of statutory or regulatory changes or judicial or administrative interpretations of existing laws and regulations that impose more comprehensive or stringent requirements on such portfolio company. Governments have considerable discretion in implementing regulations and tax reform, including, for example, the possible imposition or increase of taxes on income earned by a portfolio company or gains recognized by the Fund on its investment in such portfolio company, that could impact a portfolio company’s business as well as the Fund’s return on investment with respect to such portfolio company.
Force Majeure Risk
. Issuers may be affected by force majeure events (
e.g.,
events beyond the control of the party claiming that the event has occurred, including, without limitation, acts of God, fire, flood, earthquakes, outbreaks of an infectious disease, pandemic or any other serious public health concern, war, terrorism and labor strikes). Some force majeure events may adversely affect the ability of a party (including an issuer or a counterparty to the Fund or an issuer) to perform its obligations until it is able to remedy the force majeure event. In addition, the cost to an issuer or the Fund of repairing or replacing damaged assets resulting from such force majeure event could be considerable. Certain force majeure events (such as war or an outbreak of an infectious disease) could have a broader negative impact on the world economy and international business activity generally, or in any of the countries in which the Fund may invest specifically. Additionally, a major governmental intervention into industry, including the nationalization of an industry or the assertion of control over one or more issuers or its assets, could result in a loss to the Fund, including if its investment in such issuer is canceled, unwound or acquired (which could be without what the Fund considers to be adequate compensation). Any of the foregoing may therefore adversely affect the performance of the Fund and its investments.
Terrorist Activities
. Terrorist attacks have caused instability in the world financial markets and may generate global economic instability. The continued threat of terrorism and the impact of military or other action could adversely affect the Fund’s financial results.
Volatility of Commodity Prices
. The performance of certain of the Fund’s investments may be substantially dependent upon prevailing prices of electricity, oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids, coal and other commodities (such as metals) and the differential between prices of specific commodities that are a primary factor in the profitability of certain conversion activities such as petroleum refining (“crack spread”) and power generation (“spark spread”). Commodity prices have been, and are likely to continue to be, volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to factors including but not limited to: (i) relatively minor changes in the supply of and demand for electricity or such other commodities; (ii) market uncertainty and the condition of various economies (including interest rates, levels of economic activity, the price of securities and the participation by other investors in the financial markets); (iii) political conditions in the United States and other project locations; (iv) the extent of domestic production and importation of oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids, coal or metals in certain relevant markets; (v) the foreign supply of oil, natural gas and metals; (vi) the prices of foreign imports; (vii) the level of consumer demand; (viii) the price and availability of alternative electric generation options; (ix) the price of steel and the outlook for steel production; (x) pandemics, wars, sanctions and weather conditions; (xi) the competitive position of electricity, ethanol/biodiesel, oil, gas or coal as a source of energy as compared with other energy sources; (xii) the industry-wide or local refining, transportation or processing capacity for natural gas or transmission capacity for electric energy; (xiii) the effect of United States and
non-U.S.
federal, state and local regulation on the production, transportation and sale of electric energy and other commodities; (xiv) breakthrough technologies (such as improved storage or clean coal technologies) or government subsidies, tax credits or other support that allow alternative fuel generation projects to produce more reliable electric energy or lower the cost of such production compared to natural gas fueled electric generation projects; (xv) with respect to the price of oil, actions of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; or (xvi) the expected consumption of coking coal in steel production. While the
Sub-Adviser
will endeavor to take into account existing and anticipated future applicable greenhouse gas regulation in its investment decisions, changes in the regulation of greenhouse gases could adversely impact an investment or make future investments undesirable.
 
Regulatory Approvals
. The Fund may invest in portfolio companies that represent they have obtained all material United States federal, state, local or
non-U.S.
approvals, if any, required as of the date thereof to acquire and operate their facilities. In addition, the Fund may be required to obtain the consent or approval of applicable regulatory authorities in order to acquire or hold certain ownership positions in portfolio companies. A portfolio company could be materially and adversely affected as a result of statutory or regulatory changes or judicial or administrative interpretations of existing laws and regulations that impose more comprehensive or stringent requirements on such portfolio company. For example, in the case of oil and gas drilling, handling and transportation, such activities are extensively regulated, and statutory and regulatory requirements may include those imposed by energy, zoning, environmental, health, safety, labor and other regulatory or political authorities. Moreover, additional regulatory approvals, including without limitation, renewals, extensions, transfers, assignments, reissuances or similar actions, may become applicable in the future due to a change in laws and regulations, a change in the companies’ customers or for other reasons. There can be no assurance that a portfolio company will be able to (i) obtain all required regulatory approvals that it does not have at the time of the Fund’s investment or that it may be required to have in the future; (ii) obtain any necessary modifications to existing regulatory approvals; or (iii) maintain required regulatory approvals. Delay in obtaining or failure to obtain and maintain in full force and effect any regulatory approvals, or amendments thereto, or delay or failure to satisfy any regulatory conditions or other applicable requirements could prevent operation of a facility or sales to or from third parties or could result in fines or additional costs to a portfolio company. Regulatory changes in a jurisdiction where a portfolio investment is located may make the continued operation of the portfolio investment infeasible or economically disadvantageous and any expenditures made to date by such portfolio investment may be wholly or partially written off. The locations of the portfolio investments may also be subject to government exercise of eminent domain power or similar events. Any of these changes could significantly increase the regulatory-related compliance and other expenses incurred by the portfolio investments and could significantly reduce or entirely eliminate any potential revenues generated by one or more of the portfolio investments, which could materially and adversely affect returns to the Fund.
Political and Societal Challenges
. Energy and energy-related infrastructure projects may be subject to siting requirements. Siting of energy projects is also frequently subject to regulation by applicable state, county and local authorities. For example, proposals to site an energy plant or engage in drilling activities in a particular location may be challenged by a number of parties, including special interest groups based on alleged security concerns, disturbances to natural habitats for wildlife and adverse aesthetic impacts, including the common “not in my backyard” phenomenon. Concerns regarding some of the techniques used in the extraction of shale gas in order to enhance recovery, such as the use of natural gas hydraulic fracturing (also known as “fracking”) may also arise, which may require governmental permits or approvals and which have recently been the subject of heightened environmental concerns and public opposition in some jurisdictions (as more fully described below). The failure of any portfolio investment to receive, renew or maintain any required permits or approvals or any inability to satisfy any requirement of any permits or approvals may result in increased compliance costs, the need for additional capital expenditures or a suspension of project operations, which could materially and adversely affect returns to the Fund.
Environmental Matters
. Environmental laws, regulations and regulatory initiatives play a significant role in the electric power industry and can have a substantial impact on investments in this industry. For example, global initiatives to minimize pollution have played a major role in the increase in demand for natural gas and alternative energy sources, creating numerous new investment opportunities. Conversely, required expenditures for environmental compliance have adversely impacted investment returns in a number of segments of the industry. The electric power industry will continue to face considerable oversight from environmental regulatory authorities and significant influence from
non-governmental
and special interest groups, and the
Sub-Adviser
will seek to evaluate carefully the expected impact of environmental compliance on all potential investments. The Fund may invest in portfolio companies that are subject to changing and increasingly stringent environmental and health and safety laws, regulations and permit requirements. There can be no guarantee that all costs and risks regarding compliance with environmental and health and safety laws and regulations can be identified. New and more stringent environmental and health and safety laws, regulations and permit
 
requirements or stricter interpretations of current laws or regulations could impose substantial additional costs on portfolio companies or potential investments. Compliance with such current or future environmental and health and safety requirements does not ensure that the operations of the portfolio companies will not cause injury to the environment or people under all circumstances or that the portfolio companies will not be required to incur additional unforeseen environmental or health and safety expenditures. In particular, the oil and gas industry, for example, is subject to environmental hazards, such as oil spills, natural gas leaks and ruptures, discharges of petroleum products and hazardous substances and historic disposal activities. These environmental hazards could expose the Fund’s investments to material liabilities for property damages, personal injuries or other environmental harm, including costs of investigating and remediating contaminated properties. Moreover, failure to comply with any regulatory or legal requirements could have a material adverse effect on a portfolio company, and there can be no assurance that portfolio companies will at all times comply with all applicable environmental and health and safety laws, regulations and permit requirements. Past practices or future operations of portfolio companies could also result in material personal injury or property damage claims. Any noncompliance with these laws and regulations could subject the Fund and its properties to material administrative, civil or criminal penalties or other liabilities. Certain environmental laws and regulations may require that an owner or operator of an asset address prior environmental contamination, which could involve substantial cost. Such laws and regulations often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the release or presence of environmental contamination. The Fund may therefore be exposed to substantial risk of loss as a result of environmental claims against portfolio companies. Community and environmental groups may protest about the development or operation of power generation assets which may induce government action to the detriment of the Fund. Some of the most onerous environmental requirements regulate air emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases; these requirements may particularly affect companies in the energy sector, and in particular in its power generation fragment.
Derivatives Risks
. Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index, and may relate to individual debt or equity instruments, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities, related indexes and other assets. The Fund may, directly or indirectly, use various derivative instruments including, but not limited to, options contracts, futures contracts, forward contracts, options on futures contracts, indexed securities, credit default swaps, interest rate swaps and other swap agreements primarily for hedging and risk management purposes. The Fund may treat reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions as derivatives. The Fund also may use derivative instruments for investment purposes and/or to approximate or achieve the economic equivalent of an otherwise permitted investment (as if the Fund directly invested in the securities, loans or claims of the subject portfolio company) or if such instruments are related to an otherwise permitted investment. The Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves investment risks and transaction costs to which the Fund would not be subject absent the use of these instruments and, accordingly, may result in losses greater than if they had not been used. The use of derivative instruments may have risks including, among others, leverage risk, market risk, volatility risk, duration mismatch risk, correlation risk, counterparty risk, market liquidity risk, fund liquidity risk and legal and operational risk. When used for hedging or synthetic investment purposes, an imperfect or variable degree of correlation between price movements of the derivative instrument and the underlying investment sought to be hedged or tracked may prevent the Fund from achieving the intended hedging effect or expose the Fund to the risk of loss. Derivative instruments, especially when traded in large amounts by the Fund or other investors with a concentrated exposure, may not be liquid in all circumstances, so that in volatile markets the Fund may not be able to close out a position without incurring a loss. In addition, daily limits on price fluctuations and speculative position limits on exchanges on which the Fund may conduct its transactions in derivative instruments may prevent prompt liquidation of positions, subjecting the Fund to the potential of greater losses. Exchange-traded derivatives may experience increased settlement risk when trade volumes dramatically increase such that a futures commission merchant or options exchange may not be able to reconcile their positions in the ordinary course. This could cause a delay in calculation of the NAV of the Fund and result in losses. Derivative instruments that may be purchased or sold by the Fund may include instruments not traded on an exchange. Derivative instruments not traded on exchanges are also not subject to the same type of government regulation as exchange traded instruments, and many of the protections afforded to participants in a regulated environment
 
may not be available in connection with such transactions. In addition, significant disparities may exist between “bid” and “asked” prices for derivative instruments that are not traded on an exchange. Additionally, when a company defaults or files for protection from creditors (e.g., U.S. chapter 11 proceedings), the use of derivative instruments presents special risks associated with the potential imbalance between the derivatives market and the underlying securities market. In such a situation, physical certificates representing such securities may be required to be delivered to settle trades and the potential shortage of such actual certificates relative to the number of derivative instruments may cause the price of the actual certificated debt securities to rise, which may adversely affect the holder of such derivative instruments. The risk of nonperformance by the counterparty on such an instrument may be greater and the ease with which the Fund can dispose of or enter into closing transactions with respect to such an instrument may be less than in the case of an exchange traded instrument. The stability and liquidity of derivative investments depend in large part on the creditworthiness of the parties to the transactions. If there is a default by the counterparty to such a transaction, the Fund will under most normal circumstances have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. However, exercising such contractual rights may involve delays or costs which could result in a loss to the Fund. Furthermore, there is a risk that any of such counterparties could become insolvent. It should be noted that in purchasing derivative instruments, the Fund typically will not have the right to vote on matters requiring a vote of holders of the underlying investment. Moreover, derivative instruments, and the terms relating to the purchase, sale or financing thereof, are also typically governed by complex legal agreements. As a result, there is a higher risk of dispute over interpretation or enforceability of the agreements. It should also be noted that the regulation of derivatives is evolving in the United States and in other jurisdictions and is expected to increase, which could impact the Fund’s ability to transact in such instruments and the liquidity of such instruments. The
Sub-Adviser
may cause the Fund to take advantage of investment opportunities with respect to derivative instruments that are neither presently contemplated nor currently available, but which may be developed in the future, to the extent such opportunities are both consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and legally permissible. Any such investments may expose the Fund to unique and presently indeterminate risks, the impact of which may not be capable of determination until such instruments are developed and/or the
Sub-Adviser
determines to make such an investment.
Options and Futures Risk
. The Fund may utilize options and futures contracts and
so-called
“synthetic” options or other derivatives written by broker-dealers or other permissible intermediaries. Options transactions may be effected on securities exchanges or in the
over-the-counter
(“OTC market”). When options are purchased OTC, the Fund’s portfolio bears the risk that the counterparty that wrote the option will be unable or unwilling to perform its obligations under the option contract. Options may also be illiquid and, in such cases, the Fund may have difficulty closing out its position. OTC options also may include options on baskets of specific securities.
The Fund may purchase call and put options on specific securities, and may write and sell covered or uncovered call and put options for hedging purposes in pursuing its investment objective. A put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the underlying security at a stated exercise price, typically at any time prior to the expiration of the option. A call option gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying security at a stated exercise price, typically at any time prior to the expiration of the option. A covered call option is a call option with respect to which the seller of the option owns the underlying security. The sale of a call option exposes the seller during the term of the option to possible loss of opportunity to realize appreciation in the market price of the underlying security or to possible continued holding of a security that might otherwise have been sold to protect against depreciation in the market price of the security. In the sale of a put, losses may be significant and, in the sale of a call, losses can be unlimited.
The Fund may close out a position when writing options by purchasing an option on the same security with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option that it has previously written on the security. In such a case, the Fund will realize a profit or loss if the amount paid to purchase an option is less or more than the amount received from the sale of the option.
 
Purchasing a futures contract creates an obligation to take delivery of the specific type of financial instrument at a specific future time at a specific price for contracts that require physical delivery, or net payment for cash-settled contracts. Engaging in transactions in futures contracts involves risk of loss to the Fund. No assurance can be given that a liquid market will exist for any particular futures contract at any particular time. All terms of futures contracts are set forth in the rules of the exchange on which the futures contracts are traded. Many futures exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit or trading may be suspended for specified periods during the trading day. Futures contract prices could move to the limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and potentially subjecting the Fund to substantial losses. Successful use of futures also is subject to the
Sub-Adviser’s
ability to predict correctly the direction of movements in the relevant market, and, to the extent the transaction is entered into for hedging purposes, to determine the appropriate correlation between the transaction being hedged and the price movements of the futures contract. Futures contracts may be subject to price swings in daily settlements with exchanges and clearing houses.
Credit Derivatives
. The Fund may engage in trading or investing in credit derivative contracts, which are contracts that transfer price, spread and/or default risks of debt and other instruments from one party to another, both for bona fide hedging of existing long and short positions, but also for independent profit opportunities. Such instruments may include one or more credits. The market for credit derivatives may be relatively illiquid, and there are considerable risks that may make it difficult either to buy or sell the contracts as needed or at reasonable prices. There are also risks with respect to credit derivatives in determining whether an event will trigger payment under the contract and whether such payment will offset the loss or payment due under another instrument. Generally, a credit event means bankruptcy, a failure to pay, the acceleration of an obligation or modified restructuring of a credit obligation or instrument.
The Fund may be either the buyer or seller in these transactions. If the Fund is a buyer of credit protection and no credit event occurs, the Fund may recover nothing. Worse still, if a credit event occurs, the Fund, as a buyer, typically will receive full notional value for a reference obligation that may have little or no value. Buyers of credit derivatives carry the risk of
non-performance
by the seller due to an inability to pay.
As a seller of credit protection, the Fund would typically receive a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, which typically is between one month and five years, provided that no credit event occurs. If a credit event occurs, the seller may pay the buyer the full notional value of the reference obligations. Sellers of credit derivatives carry the inherent price, spread and default risks of the underlying instruments.
Credit default swaps involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly. In addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to liquidity risk and credit risk. A buyer of credit protection also may lose its investment and recover nothing should no credit event occur. If a credit event were to occur, the value of the reference obligation received by the seller, coupled with the periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the Fund. Further, in certain circumstances, the buyer can receive the notional value of a credit default swap only by delivering a physical security to the seller, and is at risk if such deliverable security is unavailable or illiquid. Such a delivery “crunch” is a distinct risk of these investments.
The credit derivatives market is a rapidly evolving market. As a result, different participants in the credit derivatives markets may have different practices or interpretations with respect to applicable terms and definitions, and ambiguities concerning such terms or definitions, may be interpreted or resolved in ways that are adverse to the Fund. Additionally, there may be circumstances and market conditions (including the possibility of a large number of buyers of credit default swaps being required to deliver the same physical security in the same time frame) that have not yet been experienced that could have adverse effects on the Fund’s investments.
 
The regulation of derivatives in the United States and other countries is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to ongoing modification by governmental and judicial action. Accordingly, the impact of this evolving regulatory regime on the Fund is difficult to predict, but it could be substantial and adverse.
Interest Rate Swaps Risk
. The Fund may enter into interest rate swap agreements with another party to receive or pay interest (e.g., an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments) to protect itself from interest rate fluctuations. This type of swap is an agreement that obligates two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at specified intervals based upon or calculated by reference to a specified interest rate(s) for a specified amount. The payment flows are usually netted against each other, with the difference being paid by one party to the other. Interest rate swap agreements are subject to general market risk, liquidity risk, counterparty risk and interest rate risk.
Corporate Bond Risk
. Corporate bonds are debt obligations issued by corporations and other business entities. Corporate bonds may be either secured or unsecured. Collateral used for secured debt includes real property, machinery, equipment, accounts receivable, stocks, bonds or notes. If a bond is unsecured, it is known as a debenture. Bondholders, as creditors, have a prior legal claim over common and preferred stockholders as to both income and assets of the corporation for the principal and interest due them and may have a prior claim over other creditors if liens or mortgages are involved. Interest on corporate bonds may be fixed or floating, or the bonds may be zero coupons. Interest on corporate bonds is typically paid semi-annually and is fully taxable to the bondholder. Corporate bonds contain elements of both interest-rate risk and credit risk and are subject to the risks associated with other debt securities, among other risks. The market value of a corporate bond generally may be expected to rise and fall inversely with interest rates and may also be affected by the credit rating of the corporation, the corporation’s performance and perceptions of the corporation in the marketplace. Depending on the nature of the seniority provisions, a senior corporate bond may be junior to other credit securities of the issuer. The market value of a corporate bond may be affected by factors directly related to the issuer, such as investors’ perceptions of the creditworthiness of the issuer, the issuer’s financial performance, perceptions of the issuer in the marketplace, performance of management of the issuer, the issuer’s capital structure and use of financial leverage and demand for the issuer’s goods and services. There is a risk that the issuers of corporate bonds may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by an instrument. Corporate bonds of below investment grade quality are often high risk and have speculative characteristics and may be particularly susceptible to adverse issuer-specific developments.
Counterparty Risk
. The Fund is exposed to the risk that third parties that may owe the Fund, or its issuers, money, securities or other assets will not perform their obligations. These parties include trading counterparties, clearing agents, exchanges, clearing houses, custodians, prime brokers, administrators and other intermediaries. These parties may default on their obligations to the Fund or its issuers, due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons. This risk may arise, for example, from entering into swap or other derivative contracts under which counterparties have long-term obligations to make payments to the Fund or its issuers, or executing securities, futures, currency or commodity trades that fail to settle at the required time due to
non-delivery
by the counterparty or systems failure by clearing agents, exchanges, clearing houses or other intermediaries. Also, any practice of rehypothecation of securities of the Fund or its issuers held by counterparties could result in the loss of such securities upon the bankruptcy, insolvency or failure of such counterparties. In addition, any of the Fund’s cash held with a prime broker, custodian or counterparty may not be segregated from the prime broker’s, custodian’s or counterparty’s own cash, and the Fund therefore may rank as an unsecured creditor in relation thereto. The inability to recover the Fund’s assets could have a material impact on the performance of the Fund. The consolidation and elimination of counterparties resulting from the disruption in the financial markets has generally increased the concentration of counterparty risk and has decreased the number of potential counterparties.
Payment-in-Kind
(“PIK”) Income Risk
. The Fund may hold investments that result in PIK income or PIK dividends. PIK income creates the risk that incentive fees will be paid to the Adviser and, indirectly, the
Sub-Adviser
based on
non-cash
accruals that ultimately may not be realized, while neither the Adviser nor
 
Sub-Adviser
will be under any obligation to reimburse the Fund for these fees. PIK income may have a negative impact on liquidity, as it represents a
non-cash
component of the Fund’s taxable income that may require cash distributions to Shareholders in order to maintain the Fund’s ability to be subject to tax as a RIC. PIK income has the effect of generating investment income at a compounding rate, thereby further increasing the incentive fees payable to the Adviser and, indirectly, the
Sub-Adviser.
Similarly, all things being equal, the deferral associated with PIK income also increases the
loan-to-value
ratio at a compounding rate. The market prices of PIK securities generally are more volatile than the market prices of interest-bearing securities and are likely to respond to a greater degree to changes in interest rates than interest-bearing securities having similar maturities and credit quality. Because PIK income results in an
increase
in the size of the PIK securities held, the Fund’s exposure to potential losses increases when a security pays PIK income.
Other Risks Relating to the Fund
Senior Management Personnel of the Adviser and the
Sub-Adviser
. Since the Fund has no employees, it depends on the investment expertise, skill and network of business contacts of the Adviser and
Sub-Adviser.
The
Sub-Adviser
evaluates, negotiates, structures, executes, monitors and services the Fund’s investments. The Fund’s future success depends to a significant extent on the continued service and coordination of the Adviser and the
Sub-Adviser
and their respective senior management teams. The departure of any members of the Adviser’s or
Sub-Adviser’s
senior management team could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.
The
Sub-Adviser
has entered into the Resource Sharing Agreement with Bain Capital Credit, pursuant to which Bain Capital Credit provides the
Sub-Adviser
with experienced investment professionals (including the Portfolio Managers) and access to the resources of Bain Capital Credit so as to enable the
Sub-Adviser
to fulfill its obligations under the
Sub-Advisory
Agreement. Through the Resource Sharing Agreement, the
Sub-Adviser
intends to capitalize on the significant deal origination, credit underwriting, due diligence, investment structuring, execution, portfolio management and monitoring experience of Bain Capital Credit’s investment professionals. There can be no assurance that Bain Capital Credit will perform its obligations under the Resource Sharing Agreement. The Resource Sharing Agreement may be terminated by either party on 60 days’ notice, which if terminated may have a material adverse consequence on the Fund’s operations.
The Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective depends on the
Sub-Adviser’s
ability to identify, analyze, invest in, finance and monitor companies that meet the Fund’s investment criteria. The
Sub-Adviser’s
capabilities in managing the investment process, providing competent, attentive and efficient services to the Fund, and facilitating access to financing on acceptable terms depend on the employment of investment professionals in an adequate number and of adequate sophistication to match the corresponding flow of transactions. To achieve the Fund’s investment objective, the Adviser and/or
Sub-Adviser
may need to hire, train, supervise and manage new investment professionals to participate in the Fund’s investment selection and monitoring process. The Adviser and/or
Sub-Adviser
may not be able to find investment professionals in a timely manner or at all. Failure to support the Fund’s investment process could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, the Investment Management Agreement and
Sub-Advisory
Agreements have termination provisions that allow the parties to terminate the agreements without penalty. The Investment Management Agreement may be terminated at any time, without penalty, by the Adviser upon 60 days’ notice to the Fund. The
Sub-Advisory
Agreement may be terminated at any time by the Adviser or the
Sub-Adviser
on 60 days’ notice or at any time upon the mutual consent of the parties. Further, if the
Sub-Advisory
Agreement terminates, the Investment Management Agreement will also terminate concurrently. If the Investment Management Agreement or
Sub-Advisory
Agreement is terminated, it may materially adversely affect the quality of the Fund’s investment opportunities. In addition, in the event the Investment Management Agreement or
Sub-Advisory
Agreement is terminated, it may be difficult for the Fund to replace the Adviser and
Sub-Adviser.
Furthermore, the termination of the Investment Management Agreement or
Sub-Advisory
Agreement may adversely impact the terms of the
 
Fund’s or its subsidiaries’ financing facilities or any financing facility into which the Fund or its subsidiaries may enter in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business and financial condition.
Dependence Upon Key Personnel of Bain Capital Credit and the
Sub-Adviser.
The Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective will depend on its ability to manage its business and to grow investments and earnings. This will depend, in turn, on the financial and managerial expertise of the
Sub-Adviser,
including with resources utilized from Bain Capital Credit. Although the
Sub-Adviser
has attempted to foster a team approach to investing, the loss of key individuals employed by Bain Capital Credit or the
Sub-Adviser
could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s financial condition, performance and ability to achieve its investment objective. If these individuals do not maintain their employment or other existing relationships with Bain Capital Credit or the
Sub-Adviser
and do not develop new relationships with other sources of investment opportunities available to the Fund, the Fund may not be able to grow its investment portfolio.
Bain Capital Credit’s and the
Sub-Adviser’s
investment professionals have substantial responsibilities in connection with the management of other Bain Capital Credit clients. The personnel of Bain Capital Credit may be called upon to provide managerial assistance to the Fund’s portfolio companies. These demands on their time, which may increase as the number of investments grow, may distract them or slow the Fund’s rate of investment. The employees of the
Sub-Adviser
and other Bain Capital Credit investment professionals expect to devote such time and attention to the conduct of the Fund’s business as such business shall reasonably require. However, there can be no assurance, for example, that the members of the
Sub-Adviser
or such investment professionals will devote any minimum number of hours each week to the Fund’s affairs or that they will continue to be employed by Bain Capital Credit. Subject to certain remedies, in the event that certain employees of the
Sub-Adviser
cease to be actively involved with the Fund, the Fund will be required to rely on the ability of Bain Capital Credit to identify and retain other investment professionals to conduct the Fund’s business. The Board intends to evaluate the commitment and performance of the
Sub-Adviser
in conjunction with the annual approval of the
Sub-Advisory
Agreement and Administration Agreement.
Under the Resource Sharing Agreement, Bain Capital Credit has agreed to provide the
Sub-Adviser
with experienced investment professionals necessary to fulfill its obligations under the
Sub-Advisory
Agreement. The Resource Sharing Agreement, however, may be terminated by either party on 60 days’ notice. The fund cannot assure Shareholders that Bain Capital Credit will fulfill its obligations under the Resource Sharing Agreement. The Fund also cannot assure Shareholders that the
Sub-Adviser
will enforce the Resource Sharing Agreement if Bain Capital Credit fails to perform, that such agreement will not be terminated by either party or that the Fund will continue to have access to the investment professionals of Bain Capital Credit and its affiliates or their information and deal flow. The
Sub-Adviser,
Bain Capital Credit and/or their affiliates will enter into employment contracts with and provide life insurance for their key personnel.
Further, the Fund depends upon Bain Capital Credit and the
Sub-Adviser
to maintain their relationships with private equity sponsors, placement agents, investment banks, management groups and other financial institutions, and the Fund expects to rely to a significant extent upon these relationships to provide the Fund with potential investment opportunities. If they fail to maintain such relationships, or to develop new relationships with other sources of investment opportunities, the Fund will not be able to grow its investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom the senior professionals of Bain Capital Credit and the
Sub-Adviser
have relationships are not obligated to provide the Fund with investment opportunities, and the Fund cannot assure you that these relationships will generate investment opportunities for the Fund in the future.
Key Personnel Risk
. The Adviser and
Sub-Adviser
depend on the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of certain professionals. The Adviser and
Sub-Adviser
also depend, to a significant extent, on access to other investment professionals and the information and deal flow generated by these investment professionals in the course of their investment and portfolio management activities. The Fund’s success depends on the continued
 
service of such personnel. The investment professionals associated with the Adviser and
Sub-Adviser
are actively involved in other investment activities not concerning the Fund and will not be able to devote all of their time to the Fund’s business and affairs. The departure of any of the senior managers of the Adviser and/or
Sub-Adviser,
or of a significant number of the investment professionals or partners of the Adviser’s and/or
Sub-Adviser’s
affiliates, could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. Individuals not currently associated with the Adviser or
Sub-Adviser
may become associated with the Fund and the performance of the Fund may also depend on the experience and expertise of such individuals. In addition, there is no assurance that the Adviser or
Sub-Adviser
will remain the Fund’s investment advisers or that the Adviser or
Sub-Adviser
will continue to have access to the investment professionals and partners of its affiliates and the information and deal flow generated by the investment professionals of its affiliates.
Bain Relationships
. The Fund expects that Bain will depend on its existing relationships with private equity sponsors, investment banks and commercial banks, and the Fund expects to rely to a significant extent upon these relationships for purposes of potential investment opportunities. If Bain fails to maintain its existing relationships or develop new relationships with other sources or sponsors of investment opportunities, the Fund may not be able to expand its investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom Bain has relationships are not obligated to provide the Fund with investment opportunities and, therefore, there is no assurance that such relationships will generate investment opportunities for the Fund.
The Adviser’s Incentive Fee Risk
. The Investment Management Agreement and
Sub-Advisory
Agreement entitles the Adviser and
Sub-Adviser,
respectively, to receive incentive compensation on income regardless of any capital losses. In such case, the Fund may be required to pay the Adviser, and indirectly the
Sub-Adviser,
incentive compensation for a fiscal quarter even if there is a decline in the value of the Fund’s portfolio or if the Fund incurs a net loss for that quarter.
Any Incentive Fee payable by the Fund that relates to its net investment income may be computed and paid on income that may include interest that has been accrued but not yet received. If a portfolio company defaults on a loan that is structured to provide accrued interest, it is possible that accrued interest previously included in the calculation of the Incentive Fee will become uncollectible. Neither the Adviser nor
Sub-Adviser
is under any obligation to reimburse the Fund for any part of the Incentive Fee it received that was based on accrued income that the Fund never received as a result of a default by an entity on the obligation that resulted in the accrual of such income, and such circumstances would result in the Fund’s paying an Incentive Fee on income it never received.
The Incentive Fee payable by the Fund to the Adviser, and indirectly the
Sub-Adviser,
may create an incentive for them to make investments on the Fund’s behalf that are risky or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such compensation arrangement. The way in which the Incentive Fee payable to the Adviser, and indirectly the
Sub-Adviser,
is determined may encourage them to use leverage to increase the return on the Fund’s investments. In addition, the fact that the Management Fee is payable based upon the Fund’s gross assets, which would include any borrowings for investment purposes, may encourage the Adviser and/or
Sub-Adviser
to seek to use leverage to make additional investments. Under certain circumstances, the use of leverage may increase the likelihood of default, which would disfavor Shareholders. Such a practice could result in the Fund’s investing in more speculative securities than would otherwise be in its best interests, which could result in higher investment losses, particularly during cyclical economic downturns.
Shares Not Listed; No Market for Shares
. The Fund has been organized as a
closed-end
management investment company.
Closed-end
funds differ from
open-end
management investment companies (commonly known as mutual funds) because investors in a
closed-end
fund do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis. Unlike most
closed-end
funds, which typically list their shares on a securities exchange, the Fund does not currently intend to list the Shares for trading on any securities exchange, and the Fund does not expect any secondary market to develop for the Shares in the foreseeable future. Therefore, an investment in the Fund, unlike an investment in a typical
closed-end
fund, is not a liquid investment.
 
Closed-end
Interval Fund; Liquidity Risks
. The Fund is a
non-diversified,
closed-end
management investment company structured as an “interval fund” and designed primarily for long-term investors. The Fund is not intended to be a typical traded investment. There is no secondary market for the Fund’s Shares and the Fund expects that no secondary market will develop. An investor should not invest in the Fund if the investor needs a liquid investment.
Closed-end
funds differ from
open-end
management investment companies, commonly known as mutual funds, in that investors in a
closed-end
fund do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis at a price based on NAV. Although the Fund, as a fundamental policy, will make quarterly offers to repurchase between 5% and 25% of its outstanding Shares at NAV, the number of Shares tendered in connection with a repurchase offer may exceed the number of Shares the Fund has offered to repurchase, in which case not all of your Shares tendered in that offer will be repurchased. In connection with any given repurchase offer, it is likely that the Fund may offer to repurchase only the minimum amount of 5% of its outstanding Shares. Hence, you may not be able to sell your Shares when and/or in the amount that you desire.
Competition for Investment Opportunities
. The Fund competes for investments with other
closed-end
funds and investment funds, as well as traditional financial services companies such as commercial banks and other sources of funding. Moreover, alternative investment vehicles, such as hedge funds, have begun to invest in areas in which they have not traditionally invested. As a result of these new entrants, competition for investment opportunities may intensify. Many of the Fund’s competitors are substantially larger and may have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than the Fund. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to funding sources that are not available to the Fund. In addition, some of the Fund’s competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments than it has. These characteristics could allow the Fund’s competitors to consider a wider variety of investments, establish more relationships and pay more competitive prices for investments than it is able to do. The Fund may lose investment opportunities if it does not match its competitors’ pricing. If the Fund is forced to match its competitors’ pricing, it may not be able to achieve acceptable returns on its investments or may bear substantial risk of capital loss. A significant increase in the number and/or the size of the Fund’s competitors could force it to accept less attractive investment terms. Furthermore, many of the Fund’s competitors have greater experience operating under, or are not subject to, the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on it as a
closed-end
fund.
Limitations on Transactions with Affiliates Risk
. The 1940 Act limits the Fund’s ability to enter into certain transactions with certain of its affiliates. As a result of these restrictions, the Fund may be prohibited from buying or selling any security directly from or to any portfolio company that is considered its affiliate under the 1940 Act. However, the Fund may under certain circumstances purchase any such portfolio company’s securities in the secondary market, which could create a conflict for the Adviser or Subadviser between the Fund’s interests and the interests of the portfolio company, in that the ability of the Adviser or
Sub-adviser,
as applicable, to recommend actions in the Fund’s best interests might be impaired. The Fund, the Adviser and
Sub-Adviser
have sought exemptive relief to expand the Fund’s ability to
co-invest
alongside affiliates in privately negotiated investments. Under the exemptive relief, the Fund, the Adviser and the
Sub-Adviser
are required to comply with certain conditions that would not otherwise apply. There can be no assurance that such
co-investment
exemptive order will be obtained.
“Best-Efforts” Offering Risk
. This offering is being made on a best efforts basis, whereby the Distributor is only required to use its best efforts to sell the Shares and has no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the Shares. To the extent that a limited number of Shares are sold in this offering, the opportunity for the allocation of the Fund’s investments among various issuers and industries may be decreased, and the returns achieved on those investments may be reduced as a result of allocating all of the Fund’s expenses over a smaller capital base.
Inadequate Return Risk
. No assurance can be given that the returns on the Fund’s investments will be commensurate with the risk of investment in its Shares.
Inadequate Network of Broker-Dealer Risk
. The success of the Fund’s continuous public offering, and correspondingly the Fund’s ability to implement its investment objective and strategies, depends upon the ability
 
of the Distributor to establish, operate and maintain a network of selected broker-dealers and other Financial Intermediaries to sell the Shares. If the Distributor fails to perform, the Fund may not be able to raise adequate proceeds through the Fund’s continuous public offering to implement the Fund’s investment objective and strategies. If the Fund is unsuccessful in implementing its investment objective and strategies, an investor could lose all or a part of his or her investment in the Fund.
Registration under the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act
. Registration with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission as a “commodity pool operator” or any change in the Fund’s operations necessary to maintain the Adviser’s ability to rely upon exemption from registration as such could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to implement its investment program, conduct its operations and/or achieve its objective and subject the Fund to certain additional costs, expenses and administrative burdens.
Repurchase Offers Risks
. As described under “Share Repurchase Program,” the Fund is an “interval fund” and, to provide some liquidity to Shareholders, makes quarterly offers to repurchase between 5% and 25% of its outstanding Shares at NAV, pursuant to Rule
23c-3
under the 1940 Act. The Fund believes that these repurchase offers are generally beneficial to the Fund’s Shareholders, and generally are funded from available cash or sales of portfolio securities. However, the repurchase of Shares by the Fund decreases the assets of the Fund and, therefore, may have the effect of increasing the Fund’s expense ratios. Repurchase offers and the need to fund repurchase obligations may also affect the ability of the Fund to be fully invested or force the Fund to maintain a higher percentage of its assets in liquid investments, which may harm the Fund’s investment performance. Moreover, diminution in the size of the Fund through repurchases may result in untimely sales of portfolio securities, and may limit the ability of the Fund to participate in new investment opportunities. If the Fund uses leverage, repurchases of Shares may compound the adverse effects of leverage in a declining market. In addition, if the Fund borrows money to finance repurchases, interest on that borrowing will negatively affect Shareholders who do not tender their Shares by increasing Fund expenses and reducing any net investment income. Certain Shareholders may from time to time own or control a significant percentage of the Fund’s Shares. Repurchase requests by these Shareholders of these Shares of the Fund may cause repurchases to be oversubscribed, with the result that Shareholders may only be able to have a portion of their Shares repurchased in connection with any repurchase offer. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed and the Fund determines not to repurchase additional Shares beyond the repurchase offer amount, or if Shareholders tender an amount of Shares greater than that which the Fund is entitled to purchase, the Fund will repurchase the Shares tendered on a pro rata basis, and Shareholders will have to wait until the next repurchase offer to make another repurchase request. Shareholders will be subject to the risk of NAV fluctuations during that period. Thus, there is also a risk that some Shareholders, in anticipation of proration, may tender more Shares than they wish to have repurchased in a particular quarterly period, thereby increasing the likelihood that proration will occur. The NAV of Shares tendered in a repurchase offer may fluctuate between the date a Shareholder submits a repurchase request and the Repurchase Request Deadline, and to the extent there is any delay between the Repurchase Request Deadline and the Repurchase Pricing Date. The NAV on the Repurchase Request Deadline or the Repurchase Pricing Date may be higher or lower than on the date a Shareholder submits a repurchase request. See “Share Repurchase Program.”
Distribution Payment Risk
. The Fund cannot assure investors that the Fund will achieve investment results that will allow the Fund to make a specified level of cash distributions or
year-to-year
increases in cash distributions. All distributions will be paid at the discretion of the Board and may depend on the Fund’s earnings, the Fund’s net investment income, the Fund’s financial condition, maintenance of the Fund’s RIC status, compliance with applicable regulations and such other factors as the Board may deem relevant from time to time.
In the event that the Fund encounters delays in locating suitable investment opportunities, all or a substantial portion of the Fund’s distributions may constitute a return of capital to Shareholders. To the extent that the Fund pays distributions that constitute a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it will lower an investor’s tax basis in his or her Shares. A return of capital generally is a return of an investor’s investment, rather than a return of earnings or gains derived from the Fund’s investment activities, and generally results in a
 
reduction of the tax basis in the Shares. As a result from such reduction in tax basis, Shareholders may be subject to tax in connection with the sale of Fund Shares, even if such Shares are sold at a loss relative to the Shareholder’s original investment.
Risks Associated with the Fund’s Distribution Policy
. The Fund intends to make regular distributions. Currently, in order to maintain a relatively stable level of distributions, the Fund may pay out less than all of its net investment income to the extent consistent with maintaining its ability to be subject to tax as a “regulated investment company.” or “RIC” under the Code, pay out undistributed income from prior months, return capital in addition to current period net investment income or borrow money to fund distributions. The distributions for any full or partial calendar year might not be made in equal amounts, and one distribution may be larger than the other. The Fund will make a distribution only if authorized by the Board and declared by the Fund out of assets legally available for these distributions. This distribution policy may, under certain circumstances, have certain adverse consequences to the Fund and its Shareholders because it may result in a return of capital, which would reduce the NAV of the Shares and, over time, potentially increase the Fund’s expense ratios. If a distribution constitutes a return of capital, it means that the Fund is returning to Shareholders a portion of their investment rather than making a distribution that is funded from the Fund’s earned income or other profits. The Fund’s distribution policy may be changed at any time by the Board.
There is a possibility that the Fund may make total distributions during a calendar or taxable year in an amount that exceeds the Fund’s net investment company taxable income and net capital gains for the relevant taxable year. In such situations, if a distribution exceeds the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a portion of each distribution paid with respect to such taxable year would generally be treated as a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes, thereby reducing the amount of a Shareholder’s tax basis in such Shareholder’s Shares. When a Shareholder sells Shares, the amount, if any, by which the sales price exceeds the Shareholder’s tax basis in the Shares may be treated as a gain subject to tax. Because a return of capital reduces a Shareholder’s tax basis in their Shares, it generally will increase the amount of such Shareholder’s gain or decrease the amount of such Shareholder’s loss when such Shareholder sells their Shares. To the extent that the amount of any return of capital distribution exceeds a Shareholder’s tax basis in their Shares, such excess generally will be treated as gain from a sale or exchange of the Shares.
If the Fund elects to issue preferred Shares and/or notes or other forms of indebtedness, its ability to make distributions to its Shareholders may be limited by the asset coverage requirements and other limitations imposed by the 1940 Act and the terms of the Fund’s preferred Shares, notes or other indebtedness.
Tax Risk Associated with Fund Distributions
. Even if a Shareholder chooses to “opt out” of the DRP, the Fund will have the ability to declare a large portion of a dividend in Shares instead of in cash in order to satisfy its RIC requirements. As long as a portion of this dividend is paid in cash and certain requirements are met, the entire distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, a Shareholder generally will be subject to tax on 100% of the fair market value of the dividend on the date the dividend is received by the Shareholder in the same manner as a cash dividend, even though most of the dividend was paid in Shares.
Investment Dilution Risk
. The Fund’s investors do not have preemptive rights to any Shares the Fund may issue in the future. The Fund’s amended and restated declaration of trust (the “Declaration of Trust”) authorizes it to issue an unlimited number of Shares. The Board may make certain amendments to the Declaration of Trust. After an investor purchases Shares, the Fund may sell additional Shares in the future or issue equity interests in private offerings. To the extent the Fund issues additional equity interests after an investor purchases its Shares, such investor’s percentage ownership interest in the Fund will be diluted.
Anti-Takeover Risk
. The Declaration of Trust and the Fund’s amended and restated bylaws (the “Bylaws”), as well as certain statutory and regulatory requirements, contain certain provisions that may have the effect of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire the Fund. Subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act, the
 
Board may, without Shareholder action, authorize the issuance of Shares in one or more classes or series, including preferred shares; and the Board may, without Shareholder action, make certain amendments to the Declaration of Trust. These anti-takeover provisions may inhibit a change of control in circumstances that could give Shareholders the opportunity to realize a premium over the value of the Shares.
Conflicts of Interest Risk
. The Adviser is an entity in which the Fund’s Interested Trustee (as described below) and officers and members of the Adviser’s investment committee may have indirect ownership and economic interests. Certain of the Fund’s Trustees and officers, members of the Adviser’s investment committee and
Sub-Adviser
personnel who manage the Fund also serve as officers or principals of other investment managers affiliated with the Adviser or
Sub-Adviser
that currently, and may in the future, manage investment funds with investment objectives similar to the Fund’s investment objective. In addition, certain of the Fund’s officers and Trustees, members of the Adviser’s investment committee, or
Sub-Adviser
personnel who manage the Fund serve or may serve as officers, trustees or principals of entities that operate in the same or related line of business as the Fund or of investment funds managed by the Fund’s affiliates. Accordingly, the Fund may not be made aware of and/or given the opportunity to participate in certain investments made by other investment funds, even if they are managed by advisers affiliated with the Adviser or the
Sub-Adviser.
However, the Adviser and
Sub-Adviser
intend to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner in accordance with their respective investment allocation policies, consistent with each fund’s or separate account’s investment objective and strategies and legal and regulatory requirements.
Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk—Allocation of Investment Opportunities
. The
Sub-Adviser
has adopted allocation procedures that are intended to treat each fund they advise in a manner that, over a period of time, is fair and equitable. The
Sub-Adviser
and its affiliates currently provide investment advisory and administration services and may provide in the future similar services to other entities (collectively, “Advised Funds”). Certain existing Advised Funds have, and future Advised Funds may have, investment objectives similar to those of the Fund, and such Advised Funds will invest in asset classes similar to those targeted by the Fund. Certain other existing Advised Funds do not, and future Advised Funds may not, have similar investment objectives, but such Advised Funds may from time to time invest in asset classes similar to those targeted by the Fund.
In serving in multiple capacities, employees of Bain Capital Credit and the
Sub-Adviser
will have obligations to other Advised Funds , the fulfillment of which may not be in the best interests of, or may be adverse to the interests of, the Fund and its Shareholders. Although the professional staff of Bain Capital Credit will devote as much time to the Fund’s management as appropriate to enable the
Sub-Adviser
to perform its duties in accordance with the
Sub-Advisory
Agreement, Bain Capital Credit has, and will continue to have, management responsibilities for other Advised Funds. There is a potential that the Fund will compete with these Advised Funds, for capital and investment opportunities. As a result, Bain Capital Credit and the Portfolio Managers will face conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities among the Fund and the other Advised Funds and may make certain investments that are appropriate for the Fund but for which the Fund receives a relatively small allocation of such investment or no allocation at all. The
Sub-Adviser
and Bain Capital Credit intends to allocate investment opportunities among eligible Advised Funds in a manner that is fair and equitable over time and consistent with its allocation policy. However, the Fund can offer no assurance that such opportunities will be allocated to the Fund fairly or equitably in the short-term or over time, and the Fund may not be given the opportunity to participate in investments made by other Advised Funds managed by the
Sub-Adviser
or an investment manager affiliated with the
Sub-Adviser,
including Bain Capital Credit. In allocating investment opportunities, the
Sub-Adviser
will consider factors it believes in its sole discretion to be relevant, which may include the following:
 
   
investment objectives and investment focus;
 
   
expected life cycle;
 
   
prospective portfolio company’s geography, nature of its business and scale;
 
   
transaction sourcing (and with respect to an investment opportunity originated by a third-party, the relationship of an Advised Fund to such third-party);
 
   
liquidity and reserves (including whether an Advised Fund is able to commit to invest all capital required to consummate a particular investment opportunity);
 
   
diversification (including the actual, relative or potential exposure of an Advised Fund to the type of investment opportunity in terms of its existing portfolio);
 
   
lender covenants and other limitations;
 
   
amount of capital available for investment, as well as projected future capacity for investment;
 
   
targeted rate of return and hold period;
 
   
the size, liquidity and anticipated duration of the prospective portfolio company;
 
   
stage of development of the prospective investment and anticipated holding period of the prospective investment;
 
   
appropriate leverage levels for the prospective portfolio company;
 
   
stage of the investment process of the Fund and the other Advised Funds (i.e., whether the relevant entities are in their
“ramp-up
period”);
 
   
portfolio composition and investment concentration parameters (including parameters such as geography, industry, issuer, volatility, leverage or other similar risk metric);
 
   
the suitability as a
follow-on
investment for a current investment;
 
   
the potential availability of future
follow-on
investments in such prospective investment;
 
   
the availability of other suitable investments;
 
   
timing necessary to execute an investment;
 
   
risk considerations;
 
   
the centrality of an investment to investment strategy;
 
   
cash flow considerations;
 
   
asset class restrictions;
 
   
industry and other allocation targets;
 
   
minimum and maximum investment size requirements;
 
   
tax and accounting implications;
 
   
whether an investment opportunity requires additional consents or authorizations from an Advised Fund, investors or third parties;
 
   
legal, contractual or regulatory constraints; and
 
   
any other relevant limitations imposed by or conditions set forth in the applicable offering documents and organizational documents of the Fund and each Advised Fund.
If the
Sub-Adviser
recommends a particular level of investment for the Fund, and the aggregate amount recommended by the
Sub-Adviser
for the Fund and for other participating Advised Funds exceeds the amount of the investment opportunity, subject to applicable law, investments made pursuant to exemptive relief will generally be allocated among the participants pro rata based on capital available for investment in the asset class being allocated and the respective governing documents of such Advised Funds. The Fund expects that available capital for its investments will be determined based on the amount of cash
on-hand,
existing commitments and reserves, if any, the targeted leverage level, targeted asset mix and diversification requirements and other investment policies and restrictions set by the Board or as imposed by applicable laws, rules, regulations or interpretations. In instances when investments are not made pursuant to exemptive relief, allocations among the
 
Fund and other Advised Funds, subject to applicable law and regulation, will be made in accordance with the
Sub-Adviser’s
trade allocation practice, which is generally pro rata based on order size. There can be no assurance that the Fund will able to participate in all investment opportunities that are suitable for it.
In the event investment opportunities are allocated among the Fund and the other Advised Funds, the Fund may not be able to structure its investment portfolio in the manner desired. Furthermore, the Fund and the other Advised Funds may make investments in securities where the prevailing trading activity may make impossible the receipt of the same price or execution on the entire volume of securities purchased or sold by the Fund and the other Advised Funds. When this occurs, the various prices may be averaged, and the Fund will be charged or credited with the average price. Thus, the effect of the aggregation may operate on some occasions to the disadvantage of the Fund. In addition, under certain circumstances, the Fund may not be charged the same commission or commission equivalent rates in connection with a bunched or aggregated order.
Subject to applicable law and the conditions of any applicable
co-investment
exemptive relief. it is likely that the other Advised Funds may make investments in the same or similar securities at different times and on different terms than the Fund. The Fund and the other Advised Funds may make investments at different levels of a borrower’s capital structure or otherwise in different classes of a borrower’s securities, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Such investments may inherently give rise to conflicts of interest or perceived conflicts of interest between or among the various classes of securities that may be held by such entities. Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding the Fund may benefit the other Advised Funds. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position by the Fund may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) one or more Advised Funds, and the purchase of a security or covering of a short position in a security by the Fund may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) one or more Advised Funds.
Applicable law, including the 1940 Act, may at times prevent the Fund from being able to participate in investments that it otherwise would participate in, and may require the Fund to dispose of investments at a time when it otherwise would not dispose of such investment, in each case, in order to comply with applicable law.
The 1940 Act contains prohibitions and restrictions relating to certain transactions between registered investment companies and certain affiliates (including any investment advisers or
sub-advisers),
principal underwriters and certain affiliates of those affiliates or underwriters. Because the Fund is a registered investment company, the Fund is not generally permitted to make loans to companies controlled by the Advisers or other funds managed by the Advisers or their affiliates. The Fund is also not permitted to make any
co-investments
with the Advisers or their affiliates (including any fund managed by Bain or its affiliates) without exemptive relief from the SEC, subject to certain exceptions. The Fund has applied for exemptive relief from the SEC that would permit the Fund and certain present and future funds advised by Bain-controlled investment advisers to
co-invest
in suitable negotiated investments.
Co-investments
made under the exemptive relief would be subject to compliance with the conditions and other requirements contained in the exemptive relief, which could limit the Fund’s ability to participate in a
co-investment
transaction.
The Adviser, the
Sub-Adviser,
or their respective affiliates and clients may pursue or enforce rights with respect to a borrower in which the Fund has invested, and those activities may have an adverse effect on the Fund. As a result, prices, availability, liquidity and terms of the Fund’s investments may be negatively impacted by the activities of the Adviser, the
Sub-Adviser
or their respective affiliates or their clients, and transactions for the Fund may be impaired or effected at prices or terms that may be less favorable than would otherwise have been the case.
The
Sub-Adviser
may have a conflict of interest in deciding whether to cause the Fund to incur leverage or to invest in more speculative investments or financial instruments, thereby potentially increasing the Investment Management and incentive fee payable by the Fund and, accordingly, the fees received by the
Sub-Adviser.
Certain other Advised Funds pay the
Sub-Adviser
or its affiliates greater performance-based compensation,
 
which could create an incentive for the
Sub-Adviser
or an affiliate to favor such investment fund or account over the Fund.
Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk—Allocation of Personnel
. The Fund’s executive officers, and the employees of the Adviser or
Sub-Adviser,
serve or may serve as officers, directors or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as the Fund or of investment funds or accounts managed by the Adviser, the
Sub-Adviser
or their respective affiliates. As a result, they may have obligations to investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which might not be in the best interests of the Fund or its Shareholders. Additionally, certain personnel of the Adviser and
Sub-Adviser
and their respective management may face conflicts in their time management and commitments.
Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk—Lack of Information Barriers
. By reason of the various activities of the Advisers and their affiliates, the Advisers and such affiliates may acquire confidential or material
non-public
information or otherwise be restricted from purchasing certain potential Fund investments that otherwise might have been purchased or be restricted from selling certain Fund investments that might otherwise have been sold at the time.
Portfolio Fair Value Risk
. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is required to carry its portfolio investments at market value or, if there is no readily available market value, at fair value. There is not a public market for the securities of the privately held companies in which the Fund may invest. Many of the Fund’s investments are not exchange-traded, but are, instead, traded on a privately negotiated OTC secondary market for institutional investors. The Adviser, as valuation designee, is responsible for the valuation of the Fund’s portfolio investments and implementing the portfolio valuation process set forth in the Adviser’s and the Fund’s valuation policy. Valuations of Fund investments are disclosed quarterly in reports publicly filed with the SEC. See “
Determination of Net Asset Value
.”
A high proportion of the Fund’s investments relative to its total investments are valued at fair value. Certain factors that may be considered in determining the fair value of the Fund’s investments include dealer quotes for securities traded on the OTC secondary market for institutional investors, the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio company’s earnings and its ability to make payments on its indebtedness, the markets in which the portfolio company does business, comparison to selected publicly-traded companies, discounted cash flow and other relevant factors. The factors and methodologies used for the valuation of such securities are not necessarily an indication of the risks associated with investing in those securities nor can it be assured that the Fund can realize the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security. Such valuations, and particularly valuations of private securities and private companies, are inherently uncertain, and they often reflect only periodic information received by the Adviser about such companies’ financial condition and/or business operations, which may be on a lagged basis and can be based on estimates. Determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if an exchange-traded market for these securities existed. Investments in private companies are typically governed by privately negotiated credit agreements and covenants, and reporting requirements contained in the agreements may result in a delay in reporting their financial position to lenders, which in turn may result in the Fund’s investments being valued on the basis of this reported information. Further, the Fund is offered on a daily basis and calculates a daily NAV per Share. The Adviser seeks to evaluate on a daily basis material information about the Fund’s portfolio companies; however, for the reasons noted herein, the Adviser may not be able to acquire and/or evaluate properly such information on a daily basis. Due to these various factors, the Adviser’s fair value determinations could cause the Fund’s NAV on a valuation day to materially differ from what it would have been had such information been fully incorporated. As a result, investors who purchase Shares may receive more or less Shares and investors who tender their Shares may receive more or less cash proceeds than they otherwise would receive.
Portfolio Turnover Risk
. The Fund’s annual portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year, as well as within a given year. However, portfolio turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the execution of investment decisions for the Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net short-term capital
 
gains by the Fund which, when distributed to the Fund and, ultimately, Shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. In addition, a higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund.
Cybersecurity Risks
. Cybersecurity incidents and cyber-attacks have been occurring globally at a more frequent and severe level and will likely continue to increase in frequency in the future. The Advisers face various security threats on a regular basis, including ongoing cyber security threats to and attacks on their information technology infrastructure that are intended to gain access to their proprietary information, destroy data or disable, or degrade or sabotage their systems. These security threats could originate from a wide variety of sources, including unknown third parties outside of the Advisers. Although neither the Adviser nor
Sub-Adviser
is currently aware that it has been subject to cyber-attacks or other cyber incidents which, individually or in the aggregate, have materially affected its operations or financial condition, there can be no assurance that the various procedures and controls utilized to mitigate these threats will be sufficient to prevent disruptions to its systems.
The Advisers’ and issuers’ information and technology systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from computer viruses, network failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and security breaches, usage errors by their respective professionals, power outages and catastrophic events such as fires, tornadoes, floods, hurricanes and earthquakes.
In addition, the Fund will heavily rely on the Advisers’ and third parties’ financial, accounting, information and other data processing systems. Any failure or interruption of those systems, including as a result of the termination of an agreement with any third- party service providers, could cause delays or other problems in the Fund’s activities. If any of these systems do not operate properly or are disabled for any reason or if there is any unauthorized disclosure of data, whether as a result of tampering, a breach of its network security systems, a cyber-incident or attack or otherwise, the Fund and/or the Advisers could suffer substantial financial loss, increased costs, a disruption of their businesses, liability to their investors, regulatory intervention or reputational damage. In addition, the Advisers operates in a business that is highly dependent on information systems and technology. The information systems and technology that the Advisers rely on may not continue to be able to accommodate their growth, and the cost of maintaining such systems may increase from its current level. Such a failure to accommodate growth, or an increase in costs related to such information systems, could have a material adverse effect on the Fund and/or the Advisers.
A cybersecurity incident could have numerous material adverse effects, including on the operations, liquidity and financial condition of the Fund. Cyber threats and/or incidents could cause financial costs from the theft of Fund assets (including proprietary information and intellectual property) as well as numerous unforeseen costs, including, but not limited to: litigation costs, preventative and protective costs, remediation costs and costs associated with reputational damage, any one of which could have a materially adverse effect on the Fund. There can be no guarantee that the Fund will be able to prevent or mitigate such incidents. If systems and measures to manage risks relating to these types of events, are compromised, become inoperable for extended periods of time or cease to function properly, the Advisers, the Fund and/or an issuer may have to make a significant investment to fix or replace them. The failure of these systems and/or of disaster recovery plans for any reason could cause significant interruptions in the Adviser’s, the Fund’s and/or an issuer’s operations and result in a failure to maintain the security, confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data, including personal information relating to potential investors and Shareholders (and the beneficial owners of potential investors and Shareholders).
In addition, the Fund or the Advisers may not be in a position to verify the risks or reliability of third parties with which the Fund’s and the Advisers’ operations interface with and/or depend on third parties, including the Fund’s administrator and other service providers. The Fund may suffer adverse consequences from actions, errors or failure to act by such third parties, and will have obligations, including indemnity obligations, and limited recourse against them.
 
Risks Relating to Fund’s RIC Status
. Although the Fund intends to elect to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code, no assurance can be given that the Fund will be able to qualify for and maintain RIC status. If the Fund qualifies as a RIC under the Code, the Fund generally will not be subject to corporate-level federal income taxes on its income and capital gains that are timely distributed (or deemed distributed) as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to its Shareholders. To qualify as a RIC under the Code and to be relieved of federal taxes on income and gains distributed as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the Fund’s Shareholders, the Fund must, among o
the
r things, meet certain
source-of-income,
asset diversification and distribution requirements. The distribution requirement for a RIC is satisfied if the Fund distributes dividends each tax year for U.S. federal income tax purposes of an amount generally at least equal to 90% of the sum of its net ordinary income and net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses, if any, to the Fund’s Shareholders.
RIC-Related
Risks of Investments Generating
Non-Cash
Taxable Income
. Certain of the Fund’s investments will require the Fund to recognize taxable income in a tax year in excess of the cash generated on those investments during that year. In particular, the Fund expects to invest in loans and other debt instruments that will be treated as having “market discount” and/or original issue discount (“OID”) (such as debt instruments with PIK interest or, in certain cases, increasing interest rates or issued with equity or warrants) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Because the Fund may be required to recognize income in respect of these investments before, or without receiving, cash representing such income (e.g., PIK interest), the Fund may have difficulty satisfying the annual distribution requirements applicable to RICs and avoiding Fund-level U.S. federal income and/or excise taxes. Accordingly, the Fund may be required to sell assets, including at potentially disadvantageous times or prices, raise additional debt or equity capital, make taxable distributions of Shares or debt securities, or reduce new investments, to obtain the cash needed to make these income distributions. If the Fund liquidates assets to raise cash, the Fund may realize additional gain or loss on such liquidations. In the event the Fund realizes additional net capital gains from such liquidation transactions, Shareholders may receive larger capital gain distributions than it or they would in the absence of such transactions.
Instruments that are treated as having OID for U.S. federal income tax purposes may have unreliable valuations because their continuing accruals require judgments about the collectability of the deferred payments and the value of any collateral. Loans that are treated as having OID generally represent a significantly higher credit risk than coupon loans. Accruals on such instruments may create uncertainty about the source of Fund distributions to Shareholders. OID creates the risk of
non-refundable
cash payments to the Adviser based on accruals that may never be realized. In addition, the deferral of PIK interest also reduces a loan’s
loan-to-value
ratio at a compounding rate.
Uncertain Tax Treatment
. The Fund may invest a portion of its net assets in below investment grade instruments. Investments in these types of instruments may present special tax issues for the Fund. U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. These and other issues will be addressed by the Fund to the extent necessary in connection with the Fund’s intention to distribute sufficient income each tax year to minimize the risk that it becomes subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
Effects of Leverage [Text Block]
Effects of Leverage
. The table below assumes that borrowings represent approximately 33% of the Fund’s net assets as of August 1, 2025 and the Fund bears expenses relating to such borrowings at an annual effective interest rate of 6% (based on interest rates for such borrowings as of a recent date). The table below also assumes that the annual return that the Fund’s portfolio must experience (net of expenses not related to borrowings) in order to cover the costs of such leverage would be approximately 1.98%. These figures are estimates based on current market conditions, used for illustration purposes only. Actual expenses associated with borrowings used by the Fund may vary frequently and may be significantly higher or lower than the rate used for the example above.
The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the SEC. It is designed to illustrate the effects of the Fund’s leverage due to senior securities on corresponding Share total return, assuming investment portfolio total returns (consisting of income and changes in the value of investments held in the Fund’s portfolio) of
-10%,
-5%,
0%, 5% and 10%. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns expected to be experienced by the Fund. Your actual returns may be greater or less than those appearing below.
 
Assumed Return on Portfolio (Net of Expenses not related to borrowings)
     (10.00 %)      (5.00 %)      0.00     5.00     10.00
Corresponding Share Total Return
     (17.88 %)      (10.42 %)      (2.96 %)      4.51     11.97
Effects of Leverage [Table Text Block]
The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the SEC. It is designed to illustrate the effects of the Fund’s leverage due to senior securities on corresponding Share total return, assuming investment portfolio total returns (consisting of income and changes in the value of investments held in the Fund’s portfolio) of
-10%,
-5%,
0%, 5% and 10%. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns expected to be experienced by the Fund. Your actual returns may be greater or less than those appearing below.
 
Assumed Return on Portfolio (Net of Expenses not related to borrowings)
     (10.00 %)      (5.00 %)      0.00     5.00     10.00
Corresponding Share Total Return
     (17.88 %)      (10.42 %)      (2.96 %)      4.51     11.97
Return at Minus Ten [Percent] (17.88%)
Return at Minus Five [Percent] (10.42%)
Return at Zero [Percent] (2.96%)
Return at Plus Five [Percent] 4.51%
Return at Plus Ten [Percent] 11.97%
Effects of Leverage, Purpose [Text Block] The table below assumes that borrowings represent approximately 33% of the Fund’s net assets as of August 1, 2025 and the Fund bears expenses relating to such borrowings at an annual effective interest rate of 6% (based on interest rates for such borrowings as of a recent date). The table below also assumes that the annual return that the Fund’s portfolio must experience (net of expenses not related to borrowings) in order to cover the costs of such leverage would be approximately 1.98%. These figures are estimates based on current market conditions, used for illustration purposes only.
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]  
Outstanding Securities [Table Text Block]
The following table sets forth information about the Fund’s outstanding Shares as of August 1, 2025.
 
    
Amount
Authorized
    
Amount Held by the
Fund for its Own
Account
    
Amount
Outstanding
 
Class A Shares
     Unlimited        0        0  
Class D Shares
     Unlimited        0        0  
Class I Shares
     Unlimited        0        10,000,000  
Class IS Shares
     Unlimited        0        0  
Risks Relating to Investment Strategies, Fund Investments, and the Funds Investment Program [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Risks Relating to Investment Strategies, Fund Investments, and the Fund’s Investment Program
Nature of the Fund’s Investments
. The Fund has a very broad mandate with respect to the type and nature of investments in which it participates. While some of the loans in which the Fund will invest may be secured, the Fund expects to also invest in debt and equity securities that are either unsecured and subordinated to substantial amounts of senior indebtedness, or a significant portion of which may be unsecured. In such instances, the ability of the Fund to influence an issuer’s affairs, especially during periods of financial distress or following an insolvency is likely to be substantially less than that of senior creditors. For example, under terms of subordination agreements, senior creditors are typically able to block the acceleration of the debt or other exercises by the Fund of its rights as a creditor. Accordingly, the Fund may not be able to take the steps necessary to protect its investments in a timely manner or at all. In addition, the debt securities in which the Fund will invest may not be protected by financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness, may have limited liquidity and may not be rated by a credit rating agency.
The borrowers of loans constituting the Fund’s assets may seek the protections afforded by bankruptcy, insolvency and other debtor relief laws. Bankruptcy proceedings are unpredictable as described further below in “Investments in Restructurings.” Additionally, the numerous risks inherent in the insolvency process create a potential risk of loss by the Fund of its entire investment in any particular investment. Insolvency laws may, in certain jurisdictions, result in a restructuring of the debt without the Fund’s consent under the “cramdown” provisions of applicable insolvency laws and may also result in a discharge of all or part of the debt without payment to the Fund.
Debt securities are also subject to other risks, including (i) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a “fraudulent conveyance,” (ii) the recovery of liens perfected or payments made on account of a debt in the period before an insolvency filing as a “preference,” (iii) equitable subordination claims by other creditors, (iv) so called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations (see “Risks Related to Investments in Loans”) and (v) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations. Additionally, adverse credit events with respect to any issuer, such as missed or delayed payment of interest and/or principal, bankruptcy, receivership, or distressed exchange, can significantly diminish the value of the Fund’s investment in any such company. The Fund’s investments may be subject to early redemption features, refinancing options,
pre-payment
options or similar provisions which, in each case, could result in the issuer repaying the principal on an obligation held by the Fund earlier than expected. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Fund’s investment objective will be realized.
In addition, during periods of market disruption, borrowers of loans constituting the Fund’s assets may be more likely to seek to draw on unfunded commitments the Fund has made, and the Fund’s risk of being unable to fund such commitments is heightened during such periods.
Market Risk
. The success of the Fund’s activities will be affected by general economic and market conditions, such as interest rates, availability of credit, credit defaults, inflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in laws (including laws relating to taxation of the Fund’s investments), trade barriers, currency exchange controls, disease outbreaks, pandemics, and national and international political, environmental and socioeconomic
 
circumstances (including wars, terrorist acts or security operations). In addition, the current U.S. political environment and the resulting uncertainties regarding actual and potential shifts in U.S. foreign investment, trade, taxation, economic, environmental and other policies under the current Administration, as well as the impact of geopolitical tension, such as a deterioration in the bilateral relationship between the U.S. and China, an escalation in conflict between Russia and Ukraine, significant conflict between Israel and Hamas in the Middle East or other systemic issuer or industry-specific economic disruptions, could lead to disruption, instability and volatility in the global markets. Unfavorable economic conditions also would be expected to increase the Fund’s funding costs, limit the Fund’s access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to the Fund.
Economic sanctions may be, and have been, imposed against certain countries, organizations, companies, entities and/or individuals. Economic sanctions and other similar governmental actions or developments could, among other things, effectively restrict or eliminate the Fund’s ability to purchase or sell certain foreign securities or groups of foreign securities, and thus may make the Fund’s investments in such securities less liquid or more difficult to value. Such sanctions may also cause a decline in the value of securities issued by the sanctioned country or companies located in or economically tied to the sanctioned country. In addition, as a result of economic sanctions and other similar governmental actions or developments, the Fund may be forced to sell or otherwise dispose of foreign investments at inopportune times or prices.
Current and historic market turmoil has illustrated that market environments may, at any time, be characterized by uncertainty, volatility and instability. Serious economic disruptions may result in governmental authorities and regulators enacting significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, including by providing direct capital infusions into companies, introducing new monetary programs and considerably increasing or lowering interest rates, which, in some cases resulted in negative interest rates.
As global systems, economies and financial markets are increasingly interconnected, events that once had only local impact are now more likely to have regional or even global effects. Events that occur in one country, region or financial market will, more frequently, adversely impact issuers in other countries, regions or markets. These impacts can be exacerbated by failures of governments and societies to adequately respond to an emerging event or threat. These types of events quickly and significantly impact markets in the U.S. and across the globe leading to extreme market volatility and disruption. The extent and nature of the impact on supply chains or economies and markets from these events is unknown, particularly if a health emergency or other similar event, such as the
COVID-19
pandemic, persists for an extended period of time. The value of the Fund’s investments may decrease as a result of such events, particularly if these events adversely impact the operations and effectiveness of the Adviser, the
Sub-Adviser
or key service providers or if these events disrupt systems and processes necessary or beneficial to the investment advisory or other activities on behalf the Fund.
The Fund’s investment strategy and the availability of opportunities satisfying the Fund’s risk-adjusted return parameters relies in part on observable trends and conditions in the financial markets and in some cases the improvement of such conditions. Trends and historical events do not imply, forecast or predict future events and, in any event, past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. There can be no assurance that the assumptions made or the beliefs and expectations currently held by the
Sub-Adviser
will prove correct and actual events and circumstances may vary significantly.
Many of the issuers in which the Fund will make investments may be susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions and may be unable to repay the loans made to them during these periods. Therefore,
non-performing
assets may increase and the value of the Fund’s portfolio may decrease during these periods as the Fund is required to record the investments at their current fair value. Adverse economic conditions also may decrease the value of collateral securing the Fund’s loans and the value of its equity investments. Economic slowdowns or recessions could lead to financial losses in the Fund’s portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and assets. Unfavorable economic conditions also could increase the Fund’s and the issuers’ funding costs, limit the Fund’s and the issuers’ access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to the Fund or the issuers. These events could prevent the Fund from increasing investments and harm its operating results.
 
An issuer’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by the Fund or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, acceleration of the time when the loans are due and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize the issuer’s ability to meet its obligations under the debt that the Fund holds. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting issuer. In addition, if one of the issuers were to go bankrupt, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which the Fund will actually provide significant managerial assistance to that issuer, a bankruptcy court might subordinate all or a portion of the Fund’s claim to that of other creditors.
The prices of financial instruments in which the Fund may invest can be highly volatile. General fluctuations in the market prices of securities may affect the value of the investments held by the Fund. Instability in the securities markets may also increase the risks inherent in the Fund’s investments.
Availability of Suitable Investments Risk
. While the
Sub-Adviser
believes that many attractive investments of the type in which the Fund expects to invest are currently available, there can be no assurance that such investments will continue to be available or that available investments will continue to meet the Fund’s investment criteria. Furthermore, the Fund may be unable to find a sufficient number of attractive investment opportunities to meet its investment objective. Past performance is not indicative of future performance.
Market Disruptions Risk
. The U.S. capital markets have experienced extreme volatility and disruption following the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and in the Middle East. Disruptions in the capital markets have increased the spread between the yields realized on risk-free and higher risk securities, resulting in illiquidity in parts of the capital markets. These and future market disruptions and/or illiquidity would be expected to have an adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Unfavorable economic conditions also would be expected to increase the Fund’s funding costs, limit the Fund’s access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to the Fund. During periods of market disruption, portfolio companies may be more likely to seek to draw on unfunded commitments the Fund has made, and the risk of being unable to fund such commitments is heightened during such periods. These events have limited and could continue to limit the Fund’s investment originations, limit the Fund’s ability to grow and have a material negative impact on the Fund’s operating results and the fair values of the Fund’s debt and equity investments.
Non-Diversified
Status
. The Fund is a
“non-diversified”
investment company for purposes of the 1940 Act, which means that it is not subject to percentage limitations under the 1940 Act on the percentage of its assets that may be invested in the securities of any one issuer. The Fund’s NAV may therefore be subject to greater volatility than that of an investment company that is subject to such a limitation on diversification. In addition, while the Fund is a
“non-diversified”
fund for purposes of the 1940 Act, the Fund has elected and intends to qualify each taxable year to be treated as a RIC under the Code. To qualify as a RIC under the Code, the Fund must, among other things: diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of each taxable year, (A) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund’s assets is represented by cash, cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities of any one issuer limited for the purposes of this calculation to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (B) not more than 25% of the market value of the Fund’s total assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities and the securities of other regulated investment companies) of (1) any one issuer, (2) any two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same business or similar or related trades or businesses, or (3) any one or more “qualified publicly traded partnerships”. The Fund intends to distribute at least annually all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gains as dividends to Shareholders; however, this policy may be changed at any time by the Fund.
Credit Risk
. One of the fundamental risks associated with the Fund’s investments is credit risk, which is the risk that an issuer will be unable to make principal and interest payments on its outstanding debt obligations when
 
due. The Fund’s return to investors would be adversely impacted if an issuer of debt in which the Fund invests becomes unable to make such payments when due.
Although the Fund may make investments that the
Sub-Adviser
believes are secured by specific collateral, the value of which may initially exceed the principal amount of such investments or the Fund’s fair value of such investments, there can be no assurance that the liquidation of any such collateral would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of
non-payment
of scheduled interest or principal payments with respect to such investment, or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. The Fund may also invest in leveraged loans, high yield securities, marketable and
non-marketable
common and preferred equity securities and other unsecured investments, each of which involves a higher degree of risk than senior secured loans. Furthermore, the Fund’s right to payment and its security interest, if any, may be subordinated to the payment rights and security interests of a senior lender, to the extent applicable. Certain of these investments may have an interest-only payment schedule, with the principal amount remaining outstanding and at risk until the maturity of the investment. In addition, loans may provide for
payments-in-kind,
which have a similar effect of deferring current cash payments. In such cases, an issuer’s ability to repay the principal of an investment may depend on a liquidity event or the long-term success of the company, the occurrence of which is uncertain.
With respect to the Fund’s investments in any number of credit products, if the borrower or issuer breaches any of the covenants or restrictions under the credit agreement that governs loans of such issuer or borrower, it could result in a default under the applicable indebtedness as well as the indebtedness held by the Fund. Such default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. This could result in an impairment or loss of the Fund’s investment or a
pre-payment
(in whole or in part) of the Fund’s investment.
Similarly, while the Fund will generally target investments in companies it believes are of high quality, these companies could still present a high degree of business and credit risk. Companies in which the Fund invests could deteriorate as a result of, among other factors, an adverse development in their business, a change in the competitive environment or the continuation or worsening of the current (or any future) economic and financial market downturns and dislocations. As a result, companies that the Fund expected to be stable or improve may operate, or expect to operate, at a loss or have significant variations in operating results, may require substantial additional capital to support their operations or maintain their competitive position, or may otherwise have a weak financial condition or experience financial distress. In addition, exogenous factors such as fluctuations of the equity markets also could result in warrants and other equity securities or instruments owned by the Fund becoming worthless.
Credit Spread Risk
. Credit spread risk is the risk that credit spreads (i.e., the difference in yield between securities that is due to differences in their credit quality) may increase when the market expects below-investment-grade bonds to default more frequently. Widening credit spreads may quickly reduce the market values of below-investment-grade and unrated securities. In recent years, the U.S. capital markets experienced extreme volatility and disruption following the spread of
COVID-19,
the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, significant conflict between Israel and Hamas in the Middle East and other economic disruptions, which increased the spread between yields realized on risk-free and higher risk securities, resulting in illiquidity in parts of the capital markets. Central banks and governments played a key role in reintroducing liquidity to parts of the capital markets. Future exits of these financial institutions from the market may reintroduce temporary illiquidity. These and future market disruptions and/or illiquidity would be expected to have an adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Risks Related to Investments in Loans [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Risks Related to Investments in Loans
. The Fund invests in loans, either through primary issuances or in secondary transactions, including potentially on a synthetic basis. The value of the Fund’s loans may be detrimentally affected to the extent a borrower defaults on its obligations. There can be no assurance that the value assigned by the Adviser can be realized upon liquidation, nor can there be any assurance that any related collateral will retain its value. Furthermore, circumstances could arise (such as in the bankruptcy of a borrower)
 
that could cause the Fund’s security interest in the loan’s collateral to be invalidated. Also, much of the collateral will be subject to restrictions on transfer intended to satisfy securities regulations, which will limit the number of potential purchases if the Fund intends to liquidate such collateral. The amount realizable with respect to a loan may be detrimentally affected if a guarantor, if any, fails to meet its obligations under a guarantee. Finally, there may be a monetary, as well as a time cost involved in collecting on defaulted loans and, if applicable, taking possession of various types of collateral.
The portfolio may include first lien senior secured, second and third lien loans and any other loans.
Direct Lending
. The Fund will invest in directly originated senior secured loans, including unitranche loans, of performing middle market companies (“Senior Capital Debt Securities”).
The value of the Fund’s assets is volatile and may fluctuate due to a variety of factors that are inherently difficult to predict and are outside of the Advisers’ control, including prevailing credit spreads, general economic conditions, financial market conditions, domestic or international economic or political events, developments or trends in any particular industry, changes in interest rates, or the financial condition of the obligors of the Fund’s assets. In particular, the market for Senior Capital Debt Securities has experienced periods of volatility in the supply of, and demand for, such loans, resulting in volatility in, among other things, spreads, interest rate floors, purchase price discounts, leverage, covenants, structure, and other terms. Because loans are privately syndicated and loan agreements are privately negotiated and customized, loans are not purchased or sold as easily as publicly traded securities. In addition, historically the trading volume in the loan market, especially in the middle market, has been small relative to the high-yield debt securities market.
The obligors of the Fund’s assets will primarily be privately owned middle market businesses. There is generally no publicly available information about these businesses. Some obligors may not meet net income, cash flow, and other coverage tests typically imposed by lenders. Numerous factors may affect an obligor’s ability to repay its related obligations, including the failure to meet its business plan, a downturn in its industry, and continuing negative economic conditions. A deterioration in an obligor’s financial condition and prospects may be accompanied by deterioration in the collateral securing the Fund’s assets or the recuring revenue of the obligor. Such deterioration might impair the ability of such obligor to obtain refinancing or force it to seek to have the Fund’s asset restructured.
Senior Capital Debt Securities are generally considered speculative in nature and may end up in default for a variety of reasons. A defaulted asset may become subject to either substantial workout negotiations or a restructuring, which may entail, among other things, a substantial reduction in the interest rate, a substantial write-down of principal, and a substantial change in the terms, conditions, and covenants with respect to such defaulted asset. In addition, such negotiations or restructuring may be quite extensive, protracted, and costly over time, and therefore may result in substantial uncertainty with respect to the ultimate recovery on such defaulted asset. The liquidity of a defaulted asset will be limited, and to the extent that a defaulted asset is sold, it is highly unlikely that the proceeds from such sale will be equal to the amount of unpaid principal and interest thereon.
Loans to middle market businesses generally carry both higher interest rates and more inherent risks than loans to larger, publicly traded businesses. These middle market companies generally have more limited access to capital and higher financing costs, may be in a weaker financial position, may need more capital to expand or compete, and may be unable to obtain financing from public capital markets or from traditional sources, such as commercial banks. Middle market businesses typically have narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses. Therefore, they tend to be more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns. These businesses may also experience substantial variations in operating results. Typically, the success of a middle market business also depends on the management talents and efforts of one or two persons or a small group of persons. The death, disability, or resignation of one or more of such persons could have a material adverse impact on the obligor and its ability to repay its obligations. In addition, middle market businesses often need substantial additional capital to expand or compete and will often have
 
borrowed money from other lenders and may need additional capital to survive any economic downturns. Accordingly, loans made to middle market companies involve higher risks than loans made to companies that have larger businesses, greater financial resources, or that are otherwise able to access traditional credit sources.
There can be no assurance as to the levels of defaults or the amount or timing of recoveries that may be experienced with respect to the Fund’s assets. Any increase in default levels or decrease in recovery rates, or delays in receipt of recoveries, could adversely affect distributions, if any, to the Fund.
There can be no assurance that the
Sub-Adviser
will correctly evaluate the nature and magnitude of the various factors that could negatively impact the value or performance of Senior Capital Debt Securities. These risks could be exacerbated to the extent that the portfolio is concentrated in one or more particular types of assets.
Bank Loans and Participations
. The Fund’s investment program may include bank loans and participations. These obligations are subject to unique risks, including (i) the possible avoidance of an investment transaction as a “preferential transfer,” “fraudulent conveyance” or “fraudulent transfer,” among other avoidance actions, under relevant bankruptcy, insolvency and/or creditors’ rights laws;
(ii) so-called
“lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations; (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations; (iv) limitations on the ability of the Fund to directly enforce its rights with respect to participations; and (v) the contractual nature of participations where the Fund takes on the credit risk of the agent bank rather than the actual borrower.
The Fund may acquire interests in loans either directly (by way of assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation). The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a contracting party under the loan agreement with respect to the loan; however, its rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution. Participation in a portion of a loan typically results in a contractual relationship only with the institution participating out the interest and not with the obligor. The Fund would, in such a case, have the right to receive payments of principal and interest to which it is entitled only from the institution selling the participation, and not directly from the obligor, and only upon receipt by such institution of such payments from the obligor. As the owner of a participation, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the obligor with the terms of the loan agreement or to vote on amendments to the loan agreement, nor any rights of
set-off
against the obligor, and the Fund may not directly benefit from collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the participation. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of the selling institution, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of such selling institution, and may not have any exclusive or senior claim with respect to the selling institution’s interest in, or the collateral with respect to, the applicable loan. Consequently, the Fund will assume the credit risk of both the obligor and the institution selling the participation to the Fund. As a result, concentrations of participations from any one selling institution subject the Fund to an additional degree of risk with respect to defaults by such selling institution. In addition, because bank loans are not typically registered under the federal securities laws like stocks and bonds, investors in loans have less protection against improper practices than investors in registered securities.
In March 2023, several financial institutions experienced a larger-than-expected decline in deposits and two banks, Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) and Signature Bank, were placed into receivership. Given the interconnectedness of the banking system, the Federal Reserve invoked the systemic risk exception, temporarily transferred all deposits—both insured and uninsured—and substantially all the assets of the two banks into respective bridge banks and guaranteed depositors’ full access to their funds.
This type of systemic risk event and/or resulting government actions can negatively impact the Fund, for example, through less credit being available to issuers or uncertainty regarding safety of deposits at other institutions. These risks also may adversely affect financial intermediaries, such as clearing agencies, clearing houses, banks, securities firms, and exchanges, with which the Fund interacts.
 
Direct Origination
. A significant portion of the Fund’s investments may be originated. The results of the Fund’s operations depend on several factors, including the availability of opportunities for the origination or acquisition of target investments, the level and volatility of interest rates, the availability of adequate short and long-term financing, conditions in the financial markets, and economic conditions. Further, the Fund’s inability to raise capital and the risk of portfolio company defaults may materially and adversely affect the Fund’s investment originations, business, liquidity, financial condition, results of operations, and ability to make distributions to its Shareholders. In addition, competition for originations of, and investments in, the Fund’s target investments may lead to the price of such assets increasing or the decrease of interest income from loans originated by the Fund, which may further limit its ability to generate desired returns. Also, as a result of this competition, desirable investments in the Fund’s target investments may be limited in the future, and the Fund may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities from time to time, as the Fund can provide no assurance that the
Sub-Adviser
will be able to identify and make investments that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective.
First Lien Senior Secured Loans
. It is expected that when the Fund makes a senior secured term loan investment in an issuer, it will generally take a security interest in substantially all of the available assets of the issuer, including the equity interests of its domestic subsidiaries, which the Fund expects to help mitigate the risk that it will not be repaid. However, there is a risk that the collateral securing the Fund’s loans may decrease in value over time, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the issuer to raise additional capital, and, in some circumstances, the Fund’s lien could be subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, deterioration in an issuer’s financial condition and prospects, including its inability to raise additional capital, may be accompanied by deterioration in the value of the collateral for the loan. Consequently, the fact that a loan is secured does not guarantee that the Fund will receive principal and interest payments according to the loan’s terms, or at all, or that it will be able to collect on the loan should it be forced to enforce its remedies.
Second Lien Senior Secured Loans and Junior Debt Investments
. Second and third lien loans are subject to the same investment risks generally applicable to senior loans described above. The Fund’s second lien senior secured loans will be subordinated to first lien loans and the Fund’s junior debt investments, such as mezzanine loans, generally will be subordinated to both first lien and second lien loans and have junior security interests or may be unsecured. As such, to the extent the Fund holds second lien senior secured loans and junior debt investments, holders of first lien loans may be repaid before the Fund in the event of a bankruptcy or other insolvency proceeding. Therefore, second and third lien loans are subject to additional risk that the cash flow of the related obligor and the property securing the second or third lien loan may be insufficient to repay the scheduled payments to the lender after giving effect to any senior secured obligations of the related obligor. This may result in an above average amount of risk and loss of principal. Second and third lien loans are also expected to be more illiquid than senior loans.
Unsecured Loans
. Unsecured loans are subject to the same investment risks generally applicable to loans described above but are subject to additional risk that the assets and cash flow of the related obligor may be insufficient to repay the scheduled payments to the lender after giving effect to any secured obligations of the obligor. Unsecured loans will be subject to certain additional risks to the extent that such loans may not be protected and such loans are not secured by collateral, financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness. Unsecured loans are also expected to be a more illiquid investment than senior loans for this reason.
Risks Related to Investing in Data Centers [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Risks Related to Investing in Data Centers.
 The Fund may invest in data centers. Such investments are subject to operating risks common to the data center industry, which include changes in tenant demands or preferences, a decline in the technology industry, such as a decrease in the use of mobile
or web-based commerce,
industry slowdowns, business layoffs or downsizing, relocation of businesses, increased costs of complying with existing or new government regulations and other factors; a downturn in the market for data center space generally such as oversupply of or reduced demand for space; increased competition, including from tenants choosing to develop their own data centers; and the rapid development of new technologies or the adoption of new industry standards that render tenants’ current products and services or facilities obsolete or unmarketable. To the extent that any of these or other adverse conditions occur, they are likely to impact market rents for, and cash flows from, the Fund’s data center investments, which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund.
Royalties Risk
. The Fund may invest in royalties, either directly purchasing the asset generating royalties or providing loans secured by royalties. Investments in royalties incorporate a number of general market risks along with risks specific to various underlying royalty strategies, such as oil and gas, music/entertainment and healthcare, among others. Included in those risks are volatility in commodities, regulatory changes, delays in government approvals, patent defense and enforcement, product liabilities, product pricing and the dependence on third parties to market or distribute the product. The market performance of the target products, therefore, may be diminished by any number of factors that are beyond the Fund’s control.
Interest Rate Risk
. General interest rate fluctuations and changes in credit spreads on floating rate loans may have a substantial negative impact on the Fund’s investments and investment opportunities and, accordingly, may have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s rate of return on invested capital, the Fund’s net investment income and the Fund’s NAV. Certain of the Fund’s debt investments will have variable interest rates that reset periodically based on benchmarks such as SOFR and the prime rate, so an increase in interest rates may make it more difficult for issuers to service their obligations under the debt investments that the Fund will hold. In addition, to the extent the Fund borrows money to make investments, its returns will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which it borrows funds and the rate at which it invests those funds. As a result, there can be no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect
 
on the Fund’s net investment income to the extent it uses debt to finance its investments. In periods of rising interest rates, the Fund’s cost of funds would increase, which could reduce its net investment income. In general, rising interest rates will negatively impact the price of a fixed rate debt instrument and falling interest rates will have a positive effect on price. Adjustable-rate instruments also react to interest rate changes in a similar manner, although generally to a lesser degree (depending, however, on the characteristics of the reset terms, including the index chosen, frequency of reset and reset caps or floors, among other factors). From time to time, the Fund may be exposed to medium- to long-term spread duration securities. Longer spread duration securities have a greater adverse price impact to increases in interest rates. Interest rate sensitivity is generally more pronounced and less predictable in instruments with uncertain payment or prepayment schedules.
If general interest rates rise, there is a risk that the portfolio companies in which the Fund holds floating rate securities will be unable to pay escalating interest amounts, which could result in a default under their loan documents. Rising interest rates could also cause portfolio companies to shift cash from other productive uses to the payment of interest, which may have a material adverse effect on their business and operations and could, over time, lead to increased defaults. In addition, rising interest rates may increase pressure on the Fund to provide fixed rate loans to the Fund’s portfolio companies, which could adversely affect the Fund’s net investment income, as increases in the cost of borrowed funds would not be accompanied by increased interest income from such fixed-rate investments.
Inflation Risk
. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of certain assets or income from the Fund’s investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of investments and distributions can decline. In addition, during any periods of rising inflation, the dividend rates or borrowing costs associated with the Fund’s use of leverage would likely increase, which would tend to further reduce returns to Shareholders.
Real Assets Investments Risk
. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities and credit instruments associated with real assets, including infrastructure and aviation, which have historically experienced substantial price volatility. The value of companies engaged in these industries is affected by, among other things: (i) changes in general economic and market conditions; (ii) the destruction of real assets, catastrophic events (such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes,
man-made
disasters, and terrorist acts) and other public crises and relief responses; (iii) changes in environmental, governmental and other regulations; (iv) risks related to local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition; (iv) increases in property taxes and operating expenses; (vi) changes in zoning laws; (vii) casualty and condemnation losses; (viii) surplus capacity and depletion concerns; (ix) the availability of financing; and (x) changes in interest rates and leverage. In addition, the availability of attractive financing and refinancing typically plays a critical role in the success of these investments. As a result, such investments are subject to credit risk because borrowers may be delinquent in payment or default. Borrower delinquency and default rates may be significantly higher than estimated. The
Sub-Adviser’s
assessment, or a rating agency’s assessment, of borrower credit quality may prove to be overly optimistic. The value of securities in these industries may go through cycles of relative under-performance and over-performance in comparison to equity securities markets in general.
Real Estate Investments Risk
. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities and credit instruments of companies in the real estate industry, which has historically experienced substantial price volatility. The value of companies engaged in the real estate industry is affected by, among other things: (i) changes in general economic and market conditions; (ii) changes in the value of real estate properties; (iii) risks related to local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition; (iv) increases in property taxes and operating expenses; (v) changes in zoning laws; (vi) casualty and condemnation losses; (vii) variations in rental income, neighborhood values or the appeal of property to tenants; (viii) the availability of financing; and (ix) changes in interest rates and leverage. In addition, the availability of attractive financing and refinancing typically plays a critical role in the success of real estate investments. As a result, such investments are subject to credit risk because borrowers may be delinquent in payment or default. Borrower delinquency and default rates may be significantly higher than estimated. The
Sub-Adviser’s
assessment, or a rating agency’s assessment, of borrower
 
credit quality may prove to be overly optimistic. The value of securities in this industry may go through cycles of relative under-performance and over-performance in comparison to equity securities markets in general.
The Fund’s investments in mortgage loans secured by real estate will be subject to risks of delinquency, loss, taking title to collateral and bankruptcy of the borrower. The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by real estate is typically dependent primarily upon the successful operation of such property rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the borrower. If the net operating income of the property is reduced or is not increased, depending on the borrower’s business plan, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. If a borrower defaults or declares bankruptcy and the underlying asset value is less than the loan amount, the Fund will suffer a loss. In this manner, real estate values could impact the value of the Fund’s mortgage loan investments. Therefore, the Fund’s investments in mortgage loans will be subject to the risks typically associated with real estate. The Fund may invest in commercial real estate loans, which are secured by commercial property and are subject to risks of loss that may be greater than similar risks associated with loans made on the security of single-family residential property.
Legislative, regulatory and enforcement actions seeking to prevent or restrict foreclosures or providing forbearance relief to borrowers of residential mortgage loans may adversely affect the value of certain mortgage loan investments. Legislative or regulatory initiatives by federal, state or local legislative bodies or administrative agencies, if enacted or adopted, could delay foreclosure or the exercise of other remedies, provide new defenses to foreclosure, or otherwise impair the ability of the loan servicer to foreclose or realize on a defaulted mortgage loan. While the nature or extent of limitations on foreclosure or exercise of other remedies that may be enacted cannot be predicted, any such governmental actions that interfere with the foreclosure process or are designed to protect customers could increase the costs of such foreclosures or exercise of other remedies in respect of mortgage loans, delay the timing or reduce the amount of recoveries on defaulted mortgage loans held by the Fund, and consequently, could adversely impact the yields and distributions the Fund may receive in respect of its ownership of mortgage loans.
Preferred Stock
. Preferred stock generally has a preference as to dividends and upon the event of liquidation over an issuer’s common stock, but it ranks junior to debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure. Preferred stock generally pays dividends in cash (or additional shares of preferred stock) at a defined rate, but unlike interest payments on debt securities, preferred stock dividends are payable only if declared by the issuer’s board of directors. Dividends on preferred stock may be cumulative, meaning that, in the event the issuer fails to make one or more dividend payments on the preferred stock, no dividends may be paid on the issuer’s common stock until all unpaid preferred stock dividends have been paid. Preferred stock may also be subject to optional or mandatory redemption provisions.
Convertible Securities
. Convertible securities (including contingent convertible securities) are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a specified amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security generally entitles its holder to receive interest or a dividend until the convertible security matures or is redeemed or converted. Convertible securities generally: (i) have higher yields than the dividends on the underlying common stocks, but lower yields than
non-convertible
securities of a comparable duration; (ii) are less volatile in price than the underlying common stock due to their fixed-income characteristics; (iii) have a significant option component to their value which is directly impacted by the prevailing market volatility and interest rates; and (iv) provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases.
The value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” (determined by its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion feature) and its “conversion value” (the security’s worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates (with investment value declining as interest rates increase) as well as market volatility (with the conversion value increasing as market
 
volatility increases). The credit standing of the issuer and other factors may also have an effect on investment value. The conversion value of a convertible security is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. To the extent that the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed-income security. Generally, the amount of the premium decreases (as with an option) as the convertible security approaches maturity.
A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required either to permit the issuer to redeem the security or convert it into the underlying common stock. Either of these actions could have an adverse effect on the value of the Fund’s position.
The Fund may also invest in contingent convertible securities. Contingent convertible securities are a form of hybrid debt security that are intended to either convert into equity or have their principal written down upon the occurrence of certain “triggers.” In certain circumstances, the principal of contingent convertible securities may be written down to zero even when the underlying equity may retain value. The value of contingent convertible securities is unpredictable and will be influenced by many factors including, without limitation: (i) the creditworthiness of the issuer and/or fluctuations in such issuer’s applicable capital ratios; (ii) supply and demand for the contingent convertible securities; (iii) general market conditions and available liquidity; and (iv) economic, financial and political events that affect the issuer, its particular market or the financial markets in general. Investments in contingent convertible securities may be considered speculative.
Limited Amortization Requirements
. The Fund may invest in loans that have limited mandatory amortization requirements. While these loans may obligate an issuer to repay the loan out of asset sale proceeds, with annual excess cash flow or by refinancing upon maturity, repayment requirements may be subject to substantial limitations that would allow an issuer to retain such asset sale proceeds or cash flow, thereby extending the expected weighted average life of the investment. In addition, a low level of amortization of any debt over the life of the investment may increase the risk that an issuer will not be able to repay or refinance the loans held by the Fund when it matures.
Securities on a When-Issued or Forward Commitment Basis
. The Fund may purchase securities on a “when-issued” basis and may purchase or sell securities on a “forward commitment” basis to acquire the security or to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. When such transactions are negotiated, the price is fixed at the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities take place at a later date. When-issued securities and forward commitments may be sold prior to the settlement date, but the Fund will enter into when-issued and forward commitments only with the intention of actually receiving or delivering the securities, as the case may be. If the Fund disposes of the right to acquire a when-issued security prior to its acquisition or disposes of its right to deliver or receive against a forward commitment, it might incur a gain or loss. There is always a risk that the securities may not be delivered and that the Fund may incur a loss. Settlements in the ordinary course, which may take substantially more than five business days, are not treated by the Fund as when-issued or forward commitment transactions. The settlements of secondary market purchases of senior loans in the ordinary course, on a settlement date beyond the period expected by loan market participants are subject to delayed compensation. Furthermore, the purchase of a senior loan in the secondary market is typically negotiated and finalized pursuant to a binding trade confirmation, and therefore, the risk of
non-delivery
of the security to the Fund is reduced or eliminated when compared with such risk when investing in when-issued or forward commitment securities.
Equity Investments
. When the Fund invests in senior secured loans or mezzanine loans, it may acquire equity securities as well. In addition, the Fund may invest directly in the equity securities of issuers. The Fund’s goal is
 
ultimately to dispose of such equity interests and realize gains upon its disposition of such interests. However, the equity interests received may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, the Fund may not be able to realize gains from its equity interests, and any gains that it does realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses experienced.
The value of the Fund’s portfolio may be affected by changes in the equity markets generally. Equity markets may experience significant short-term volatility and may fall sharply at times. Different markets may behave differently from each other and U.S. equity markets may move in the opposite direction from one or more foreign stock markets. Adverse events in any part of the equity or fixed-income markets may have unexpected negative effects on other market segments. The prices of individual equity securities generally do not all move in the same direction at the same time and a variety of factors can affect the price of a particular company’s securities. These factors may include, but are not limited to, poor earnings reports, a loss of customers, litigation against the company, general unfavorable performance of the company’s sector or industry, or changes in government regulations affecting the company or its industry.
Investments in Publicly Traded Companies
. The Fund’s investment portfolio may contain securities or instruments issued by publicly-held companies. Such investments may subject the Fund to risks that differ in type or degree from those involved with investments in privately-held companies. Such risks include, without limitation, greater volatility in the valuation of such companies, increased obligations to disclose information regarding such companies, limitations on the ability of the Fund to dispose of such securities or instruments at certain times, increased likelihood of Shareholder litigation against such companies’ board members (which may include personnel of the Adviser or
Sub-Adviser)
and increased costs associated with each of the aforementioned risks.
In addition, in respect of the Fund’s publicly traded debt investments, the Fund will not obtain financial covenants or other contractual rights, including management rights, that it might otherwise be able to obtain in making privately-negotiated investments. Moreover, the Fund may not have the same access to information in connection with investments in public securities, either when investigating a potential investment or after making an investment, as compared to privately-negotiated investments. Furthermore, the Fund may be limited in its ability to make investments, and to sell existing investments, in public securities because the Adviser or
Sub-Adviser
may be deemed to have material, nonpublic information regarding the issuers of those securities or as a result of other internal policies.
Prepayment Risk
. Prepayment risk relates to the early repayment of principal on a loan or debt security. Loans are generally callable at any time, and certain loans may be callable at any time at no premium to par. The
Sub-Adviser
is generally unable to predict the rate and frequency of such repayments. Whether a loan is called will depend both on the continued positive performance of the issuer and the existence of favorable financing market conditions that allow such issuer the ability to replace existing financing with less expensive capital. As market conditions change frequently, the
Sub-Adviser
will often be unable to predict when, and if, this may be possible for each of the Fund’s issuers. Having the loan or other debt instrument called early may have the effect of reducing the Fund’s actual investment income below its expected investment income if the capital returned cannot be invested in transactions with equal or greater yields.
Investments in Highly Leveraged Issuers
. The Fund’s investments are expected to include investments in issuers whose capital structures have significant leverage (including substantial leverage senior to the Fund’s investments), a considerable portion of which may be at floating interest rates. The leveraged capital structure of such issuers will increase their exposure to adverse economic factors such as rising interest rates, downturns in the economy or further deteriorations in the financial condition of the issuer or its industry. This leverage may result in more serious adverse consequences to such companies (including their overall profitability or solvency) in the event these factors or events occur than would be the case for less leveraged issuers. In using leverage, these issuers may be subject to terms and conditions that include restrictive financial and operating covenants, which may impair their ability to finance or otherwise pursue their future operations or otherwise satisfy
 
additional capital needs. Moreover, rising interest rates may significantly increase the issuers or project’s interest expense, or a significant industry downturn may affect a company’s ability to generate positive cash flow, in either case causing an inability to service outstanding debt. The Fund’s investments may be among the most junior financing in an issuer’s capital structure. In the event such issuer cannot generate adequate cash flow to meet debt obligations, the company may default on its loan agreements or be forced into bankruptcy resulting in a restructuring or liquidation of the company, and the Fund, particularly in light of the subordinated and/or unsecured position of the Fund’s investments, may suffer a partial or total loss of capital invested in the company, which could adversely affect the return of the Fund.
Investments in Restructurings
. The Fund may invest in restructurings that involve, or otherwise invest in the debt securities of, companies that are experiencing or are expected to experience severe financial difficulties. These severe financial difficulties may never be overcome and may cause such companies to become subject to bankruptcy proceedings. The return on investment sought or targeted by the Fund in any investment in a restructuring may depend upon the restructuring progressing in a particular manner or resulting in a particular outcome (including regarding the conversion or repayment of the Fund’s investments). There can be no assurance that any such outcome, development or result will occur or be successful and, as a result, the premise underlying the Fund’s investment may never come to fruition and the Fund’s returns may be adversely affected. Investments in restructurings could, in certain circumstances, subject the Fund to certain additional potential liabilities that may exceed the value of the Fund’s original investment therein. For instance, under certain circumstances, payments to the Fund and distributions to Shareholders may be reclaimed if any such payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance, preferential payment or similar transaction under applicable bankruptcy and insolvency laws. Furthermore, investments in restructurings may be adversely affected by statutes relating to, among other things, fraudulent conveyances, voidable preferences, lender liability and the court’s discretionary power to disallow, subordinate or disenfranchise particular claims or characterize investments made in the form of debt as equity contributions. For certain restructurings, the Fund may utilize blocker corporations, which may incur federal and state income taxes. In restructurings, whether constituting liquidation (both in and out of bankruptcy) and other forms of corporate reorganization, there exists the risk that the restructuring either will be unsuccessful (due to, for example, failure to obtain requisite approvals), will be delayed (for example, until various liabilities, actual or contingent, have been satisfied) or will result in a distribution of cash or a new security or instrument the value of which will be less than the purchase price to the Fund of the security in respect to which such distribution was made. The Fund may not be “hedged” against market fluctuations, or, in liquidation situations, may not accurately value the assets of the company being liquidated. This can result in losses, even if the proposed restructuring is consummated. Under certain circumstances, a lender that has inappropriately exercised control of the management and policies of a debtor may have its claims subordinated or disallowed, or may be found liable for damages suffered by parties as a result of such actions.
When a company seeks relief under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (or has a petition filed against it), an automatic stay prevents all entities, including creditors, from foreclosing or taking other actions to enforce claims, perfect liens or reach collateral securing such claims. Creditors who have claims against the company prior to the date of the bankruptcy filing must petition the court to permit them to take any action to protect or enforce their claims or their rights in any collateral. Such creditors may be prohibited from doing so if the court concludes that the value of the property in which the creditor has an interest will be “adequately protected” during the proceedings. If the Bankruptcy Court’s assessment of adequate protection is inaccurate, a creditor’s collateral may be wasted without the creditor being afforded the opportunity to preserve it. Thus, even if the Fund holds a secured claim, it may be prevented from collecting the liquidation value of the collateral securing its debt, unless relief from the automatic stay is granted by the Bankruptcy Court. Bankruptcy proceedings are inherently litigious, time consuming, highly complex and driven extensively by facts and circumstances, which can result in challenges in predicting outcomes. The equitable power of bankruptcy judges also can result in uncertainty as to the ultimate resolution of claims.
Security interests held by creditors are closely scrutinized and frequently challenged in bankruptcy proceedings and may be invalidated for a variety of reasons. For example, security interests may be set aside because, as a
 
technical matter, they have not been perfected properly under the Uniform Commercial Code or other applicable law. If a security interest is invalidated, the secured creditor loses the value of the collateral and because loss of the secured status causes the claim to be treated as an unsecured claim, the holder of such claim will almost certainly experience a significant loss of its investment. There can be no assurance that the security interests securing the Fund’s claims will not be challenged vigorously and found defective in some respect, or that the Fund will be able to prevail against any such challenge.
Moreover, debt may be disallowed or subordinated to the claims of other creditors if the creditor is found guilty of certain inequitable conduct resulting in harm to other parties with respect to the affairs of a company filing for protection from creditors under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Creditors’ claims may be treated as equity if they are deemed to be contributions to capital, or if a creditor attempts to control the outcome of the business affairs of a company prior to its filing under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Serving on an official or unofficial creditors’ committee, for example, increases the possibility that the Fund will be deemed an “insider” or a “fiduciary” of an issuer it has so assisted and may increase the possibility that the Bankruptcy Court would invoke the doctrine of “equitable subordination” with respect to any claim or equity interest held by the Fund in such issuer and subordinate any such claim or equity interest in whole or in part to other claims or equity interests in such issuer. Claims of equitable subordination may also arise outside of the context of the Fund’s committee activities. If a creditor is found to have interfered with a company’s affairs to the detriment of other creditors or shareholders, the creditor may be held liable for damages to injured parties. While the Fund will attempt to avoid taking the types of action that would lead to equitable subordination or creditor liability, there can be no assurance that such claims will not be asserted or that the Fund will be able to successfully defend against them. In addition, if representation of a creditors’ committee of an issuer causes the Fund, the Adviser, or the
Sub-Adviser
to be deemed an affiliate of such issuer, the securities of such issuer held by the Fund may become restricted securities, which are not freely tradable.
While the challenges to liens and debt described above normally occur in a bankruptcy proceeding, the conditions or conduct that would lead to an attack in a bankruptcy proceeding could in certain circumstances result in actions brought by other creditors of the debtor, shareholders of the debtor or even the debtor itself in other state or U.S. federal proceedings, including pursuant to state fraudulent transfer laws. As is the case in a bankruptcy proceeding, there can be no assurance that such claims will not be asserted or that the Fund will be able to defend against them successfully. To the extent the Fund assumes an active role in any legal proceeding involving the debtor, the Fund may be prevented from disposing of securities or instruments issued by the debtor due to the Fund, the Adviser, or the
Sub-Adviser’s
possession of material,
non-public
information concerning the debtor.
From time to time, the Fund may invest in or extend loans to companies that have filed for protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. These
debtor-in-possession
or “DIP” loans are most often revolving working-capital facilities put into place at the outset of a Chapter 11 case to provide the debtor with both immediate cash and the ongoing working capital that will be required during the reorganization process. While such loans are generally less risky than many other types of loans as a result of their seniority in the debtor’s capital structure and because their terms have been approved by a federal bankruptcy court order, it is possible that the debtor’s reorganization efforts may fail and the proceeds of the ensuing liquidation of the DIP lender’s collateral might be insufficient to repay in full the DIP loan.
In addition, issuers located in
non-U.S.
jurisdictions may be involved in restructurings, bankruptcy proceedings and/or reorganizations that are not subject to laws and regulations that are similar to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and the rights of creditors afforded in U.S. jurisdictions. To the extent such
non-U.S.
laws and regulations do not provide the Fund with equivalent rights and privileges necessary to promote and protect its interest in any such proceeding, the Fund’s investments in any such issuer may be adversely affected. For example, bankruptcy law and process in a
non-U.S.
jurisdiction may differ substantially from that in the United States, resulting in greater uncertainty as to the rights of creditors, the enforceability of such rights, reorganization timing and the classification, seniority and treatment of claims. In certain developing countries, although bankruptcy laws have been enacted, the process for reorganization remains highly uncertain.
 
Securities of Other Investment Companies Risk
. Under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, subject to the Fund’s own more restrictive limitations, if any, the Fund’s investment in securities issued by other investment companies (including business development companies (“BDC”)), subject to certain exceptions, currently is limited to: (1) 3% of the total voting stock of any one investment company; (2) 5% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to any one investment company; and (3) 10% of the Fund’s total assets in the aggregate (such limits do not apply to investments in money market funds). Exemptions in the 1940 Act or the rules thereunder may allow the Fund to invest in another investment company in excess of these limits. In particular, Rule
12d1-4
under the 1940 Act allows the Fund to acquire the securities of another investment company, excess of the limitations imposed by Section 12 of the 1940 Act, subject to certain limitations and conditions on the Fund and the Adviser, including limits on control and voting of acquired funds’ shares, evaluations and findings by the Investment Manager and limits on most three-tier fund structures. Investments by the Fund in private funds that are excluded from the definition of “investment company” pursuant to Sections 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act generally are not subject to the Section 12(d)(1) limits described above.
When investing in the securities of other investment companies, the Fund will be indirectly exposed to all the risks of such investment companies’ portfolio securities. In addition, as a shareholder in an investment company, the Fund would indirectly bear its pro rata share of that investment company’s advisory fees, incentive fees and other operating expenses. Fees and expenses incurred indirectly by the Fund as a result of its investment in shares of one or more other investment companies generally are referred to as “acquired fund fees and expenses” and are reflected as a separate line item in the Fund’s prospectus fee table. See “
Summary of Fees and Expenses
.” For certain investment companies, such as BDCs, these expenses may be significant. In addition, the shares of
closed-end
management investment companies may involve the payment of substantial premiums above, while the sale of such securities may be made at substantial discounts from, the value of such issuer’s portfolio securities. Historically, shares of
closed-end
funds, including BDCs, have frequently traded at a discount to their NAV, which discounts have, on occasion, been substantial and lasted for sustained periods of time.
Certain money market funds that operate in accordance with Rule
2a-7
under the 1940 Act float their NAV while others seek to reserve the value of investments at a stable NAV (typically $1.00 per share). An investment in a money market fund, even an investment in a fund seeking to maintain a stable NAV per share, is not guaranteed, and it is possible for the Fund to lose money by investing in these and other types of money market funds. Certain money market funds are subject to mandatory liquidity fees if daily net redemptions exceed 5% of their net assets and may also impose a discretionary liquidity fee of up to 2% on redemptions if that fee is determined to be in the best interests of the money market fund. Such fees, if imposed, will reduce the amount the Fund receives on redemptions.
ETF Risk
. The risks of investment in an ETF typically reflect the risks of the types of instruments in which the ETF invests. If the Fund invests in ETFs, Shareholders will bear indirectly their proportionate share of the ETF’s fees and expenses, as well as their share of the Fund’s fees and expenses. As a result, an investment by the Fund in an ETF could cause the Fund’s total operating expenses (taking into account indirect expenses such as the fees and expenses of the ETF) to be higher and, in turn, performance to be lower than if the Fund were to invest directly in the instruments underlying the ETF. The trading in an ETF may be halted if the trading in one or more of the ETF’s underlying securities is halted. In addition, ETFs are susceptible to market trading risks, such as the risks of discounts to net asset value, high spreads and trading disruptions.
Non-Performing
Investments
. The Fund’s portfolio may include investments whose underlying collateral are
“non-performing”
and that are typically highly leveraged, with significant burdens on cash flow and, therefore, involve a high degree of financial risk. During an economic downturn or recession, securities of financially troubled or operationally troubled issuers are more likely to go into default than securities or instruments of other issuers. Securities or instruments of financially troubled issuers and operationally troubled issuers are less liquid and more volatile than securities or instruments of companies not experiencing financial difficulties. Investment, directly or indirectly in financially and/or operationally troubled issuers involves a high degree of credit and market risk. These difficulties may never be overcome and may cause borrowers to become subject to bankruptcy
 
or other similar administrative proceedings. There is a possibility that the Fund may incur substantial or total losses on its investments and in certain circumstances, the Fund may be subject to certain additional potential liabilities that may exceed the value of the Fund’s original investment therein.
Risks of Certain
Non-U.S.
Investments
. The Fund expects to invest a portion of its assets outside of the United States.
Non-U.S.
securities or instruments involve certain factors not typically associated with investing in U.S. securities or instruments, including risks relating to (i) currency exchange matters, including fluctuations in the rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and the various
non-U.S.
currencies in which the Fund’s
non-U.S.
investments are denominated, and costs associated with conversion of investment principal and income from one currency into another; (ii) differences in conventions relating to documentation, settlement, corporate actions, stakeholder rights and other matters; (iii) differences between the U.S. and
non-U.S.
securities markets, including higher rates of inflations, higher transaction costs and potential price volatility in, and relative illiquidity of, some
non-U.S.
securities markets; (iv) the absence of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and disclosure requirements and less governmental supervision and regulation in some countries; (v) certain economic, social and political risks, including potential exchange control regulations and restrictions on
non-U.S.
investment and repatriation of capital, the risks of political, economic or social instability, including the risk of sovereign defaults, and the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation and adverse economic and political development; (vi) the possible imposition of
non-U.S.
taxes on income and gains recognized with respect to such securities or instruments; (vii) differing, and potentially less well developed or well-tested laws regarding creditor’s rights (including the rights of secured parties), corporate governance, fiduciary duties and the protection of investors; (viii) difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations; (ix) differences in the legal and regulatory environment or enhanced legal and regulatory compliance risk; (x) reliance on a more limited number of commodity inputs, service providers and/or distribution mechanisms; (xi) political hostility to investments by foreign or private investment fund investors; and (xii) less publicly available information.
In addition, the Fund’s investments in the debt of issuers located in certain
non-U.S.
jurisdictions may be adversely affected as a result of the ownership or control of an equity stake in such issuers by the Adviser, the
Sub-Adviser
and/or their respective affiliates. For example, in certain circumstances, the Fund could be subject to German “equity substitution rules” (similar to equitable subordination in the United States) if an issuer in which the Fund holds a debt investment and in which the Adviser, the
Sub-Adviser
and/or their respective affiliates hold an equity investment was to become insolvent. In such case, among other things, (i) the Fund may not be able to enforce its rights with respect to collateral, if any, (ii) the debt held by the Fund may be subordinated and (iii) the receiver may be entitled to reclaim amounts paid to the Fund within one year of the filing for commencement of insolvency proceedings or thereafter. The laws of other
non-U.S.
jurisdictions in which the Fund may seek to invest may have rules similar to Germany’s “equity substitution rules” discussed above, and the consequences to the Fund with respect to such rules may be more or less severe. Moreover, additional laws and regulations in
non-U.S.
jurisdictions in which the Fund may invest may affect the Fund’s investments in such jurisdictions in a manner that differs adversely from the results that would occur under U.S. laws and regulations applied to similar facts.
Additionally, the Fund may be less influential than other market participants in jurisdictions where it or the
Sub-Adviser
do not have a significant presence. The Fund may be subject to additional risks, which include possible adverse political and economic development, possible seizure or nationalization of
non-U.S.
deposits and possible adoption of governmental restrictions which might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest to investors located outside the country of the issuer, whether from currency blockage or otherwise. Furthermore, some of the securities may be subject to brokerage taxes levied by governments, which has the effect of increasing the cost of such investment and reducing the realized gain or increasing the realized loss on such securities at the time of sale. While the
Sub-Adviser
intends, where deemed appropriate, to seek to manage the Fund in a manner that will minimize exposure to the foregoing risks and will take these factors into consideration in making investment decisions for the Fund, there can be no assurance that adverse developments with respect to such risks will not adversely affect the assets of the Fund that are held in certain countries.
 
Foreign Currency Risks
. A significant portion of the Fund’s investments (and the income and gains received by the Fund in respect of such investments) may be denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. However, the books of the Fund will be maintained, and contributions to and distributions from the Fund will generally be made, in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange controls may materially adversely affect the value of the investments and the other assets of the Fund. For example, any significant depreciation in the exchange rate of the Euro, or any other currency in which the Fund makes investments, against the U.S. dollar, could adversely affect the value of dividends or proceeds on investments denominated in the Euro or such other currencies. In addition, the Fund will incur costs, which may be significant, in connection with the conversion of various currencies.
Currency Hedging Risk
. The
Sub-Adviser
expects to seek to hedge all or a portion of the Fund’s foreign currency risk. For example, the Fund may enter into foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the Fund’s exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies. In a foreign currency forward contract, the Fund agrees to receive or deliver a fixed quantity of one currency for another, at a
pre-determined
price at a future date. Forward foreign currency contracts are
marked-to-market
at the applicable forward rate. There is no guarantee that it will be practical to hedge currency risks or that any efforts to do so will be successful. The use of foreign currency forward contracts is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with investments in more traditional securities and instruments, and there is no guarantee that the Fund’s use of foreign currency forward contracts will achieve their intended result. If the
Sub-Adviser
is incorrect in its expectation of the timing or level of fluctuation in securities prices, currency prices or other variables, the use of foreign currency forward contracts could result in losses to the Fund, which in some cases may be significant. A lack of correlation between changes in the value of foreign currency forward contracts and the value of the portfolio assets (if any) being hedged could also result in losses to the Fund.
Use of Leverage: Risk of Borrowing by the Fund
.
The Fund expects to employ leverage through a variety of instruments and/or facilities. The Fund’s willingness to use leverage, and the extent to which leverage is used at any time, will depend on many factors, including the
Sub-Adviser’s
assessment of the yield curve environment, interest rate trends, market conditions and other factors. The Fund may incur permanent, Fund-level leverage including through, but not limited to, asset-backed facilities, revolvers, bonds, privately placed notes, subscription facilities, short-sales or other instruments. Borrowings by the Fund will further diminish returns (or increase losses on capital) to the extent overall returns are less than the Fund’s cost of funds. Such debt exposes the Fund to refinancing, recourse and other risks. As a general matter, the presence of leverage can accelerate losses.
Subject to prevailing market conditions, the Fund may add financial leverage if, immediately after such borrowing, it would have asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) of 300% or more on any senior security represented by indebtedness and 200% or more on preferred stock and debt, collectively. For example, if the Fund has $100 in net assets, it may utilize leverage through obtaining debt of up to $50, resulting in $150 in total assets (or 300% asset coverage). The Fund may seek to obtain leverage through preferred stock. The Fund may use leverage opportunistically and may choose to increase or decrease its leverage, or use different types or combinations of leveraging instruments, at any time based on the Fund’s assessment of market conditions and the investment environment. The Fund currently expects to employ leverage representing approximately
20-33%
of the Fund’s net assets.
The Advisers expect that the Fund’s borrowings may ultimately be secured with a security interest in investments. In times of adverse market conditions, the Fund may be required to post additional collateral that could affect the Fund’s liquidity. Incurrence of indebtedness at the Fund level (or entity through which it invests) may have consequences to the Fund and Shareholders, including, but not limited to: (i) greater fluctuations in the NAV of the Fund’s assets; (ii) use of cash flow for debt service, Distributions, or other purposes (and prospective investors should specifically note in this regard that, for the avoidance of doubt, in connection with one or more credit facilities entered into by the Fund, Distributions to Shareholders may be subordinated to payments required
 
in connection with any indebtedness contemplated thereby); (iii) to the extent that Fund revenues are required to meet principal payments, Shareholders may be allocated income (and therefore tax liability) in excess of cash distributed; and (iv) in certain circumstances, the Fund may be required to dispose of investments at a loss or otherwise on unattractive terms in order to service its debt obligations or meet its debt covenants. There can be no assurance that the Fund will have sufficient cash flow to meet its debt service obligations. As a result, the Fund’s exposure to foreclosure and other losses may be increased due to the illiquidity of its investments.
In addition, the Fund may need to refinance its outstanding debt as it matures. There is a risk that the Fund may not be able to refinance existing debt or that the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of any then existing loan agreements. If prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of refinancing result in higher interest rates upon refinancing, then the interest expense relating to that refinanced indebtedness would increase. These risks could adversely affect the Fund’s financial condition and cash flows and the return on its investments.
With respect to any asset-backed facility entered into by the Fund (or an affiliate thereof), a decrease in the market value of the Fund’s investments would increase the effective amount of leverage and could result in the possibility of a violation of certain financial covenants pursuant to which the Fund must repay the borrowed funds to the lender. Liquidation of the Fund’s investments at an inopportune time in order to satisfy such financial covenants could adversely impact the performance of the Fund and could, if the value of its investments had declined significantly, cause the Fund to lose all or a substantial amount of its capital. In the event of a sudden, precipitous drop in the value of the Fund’s assets, the Fund might not be able to dispose of assets quickly enough to pay off its debt resulting in a foreclosure or other total loss of some or all of the pledged assets. Fund-level debt facilities typically include other covenants such as, but not limited to, covenants against the Fund incurring or being in default under other recourse debt, including certain Fund guarantees of asset level debt, which, if triggered could cause adverse consequences to the Fund if it is unable to cure or otherwise mitigate such breach.
Effects of Leverage
. The table below assumes that borrowings represent approximately 33% of the Fund’s net assets as of August 1, 2025 and the Fund bears expenses relating to such borrowings at an annual effective interest rate of 6% (based on interest rates for such borrowings as of a recent date). The table below also assumes that the annual return that the Fund’s portfolio must experience (net of expenses not related to borrowings) in order to cover the costs of such leverage would be approximately 1.98%. These figures are estimates based on current market conditions, used for illustration purposes only. Actual expenses associated with borrowings used by the Fund may vary frequently and may be significantly higher or lower than the rate used for the example above.
The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the SEC. It is designed to illustrate the effects of the Fund’s leverage due to senior securities on corresponding Share total return, assuming investment portfolio total returns (consisting of income and changes in the value of investments held in the Fund’s portfolio) of
-10%,
-5%,
0%, 5% and 10%. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns expected to be experienced by the Fund. Your actual returns may be greater or less than those appearing below.
 
Assumed Return on Portfolio (Net of Expenses not related to borrowings)
     (10.00 %)      (5.00 %)      0.00     5.00     10.00
Corresponding Share Total Return
     (17.88 %)      (10.42 %)      (2.96 %)      4.51     11.97
Corresponding Share total return is composed of two elements — the Share dividends paid by the Fund (the amount of which is largely determined by the net investment income of the Fund after paying interest expenses on the Fund’s borrowings) and gains or losses on the value of the securities the Fund owns.
Change of Law Risk
. Government counterparties or agencies may have the discretion to change or increase regulation of a portfolio investment’s operations or implement laws or regulations affecting the portfolio
 
investment’s operations, separate from any contractual rights it may have. A portfolio investment also could be materially and adversely affected as a result of statutory or regulatory changes or judicial or administrative interpretations of existing laws and regulations that impose more comprehensive or stringent requirements on such portfolio company. Governments have considerable discretion in implementing regulations and tax reform, including, for example, the possible imposition or increase of taxes on income earned by a portfolio company or gains recognized by the Fund on its investment in such portfolio company, that could impact a portfolio company’s business as well as the Fund’s return on investment with respect to such portfolio company.
Force Majeure Risk
. Issuers may be affected by force majeure events (
e.g.,
events beyond the control of the party claiming that the event has occurred, including, without limitation, acts of God, fire, flood, earthquakes, outbreaks of an infectious disease, pandemic or any other serious public health concern, war, terrorism and labor strikes). Some force majeure events may adversely affect the ability of a party (including an issuer or a counterparty to the Fund or an issuer) to perform its obligations until it is able to remedy the force majeure event. In addition, the cost to an issuer or the Fund of repairing or replacing damaged assets resulting from such force majeure event could be considerable. Certain force majeure events (such as war or an outbreak of an infectious disease) could have a broader negative impact on the world economy and international business activity generally, or in any of the countries in which the Fund may invest specifically. Additionally, a major governmental intervention into industry, including the nationalization of an industry or the assertion of control over one or more issuers or its assets, could result in a loss to the Fund, including if its investment in such issuer is canceled, unwound or acquired (which could be without what the Fund considers to be adequate compensation). Any of the foregoing may therefore adversely affect the performance of the Fund and its investments.
Terrorist Activities
. Terrorist attacks have caused instability in the world financial markets and may generate global economic instability. The continued threat of terrorism and the impact of military or other action could adversely affect the Fund’s financial results.
Volatility of Commodity Prices
. The performance of certain of the Fund’s investments may be substantially dependent upon prevailing prices of electricity, oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids, coal and other commodities (such as metals) and the differential between prices of specific commodities that are a primary factor in the profitability of certain conversion activities such as petroleum refining (“crack spread”) and power generation (“spark spread”). Commodity prices have been, and are likely to continue to be, volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to factors including but not limited to: (i) relatively minor changes in the supply of and demand for electricity or such other commodities; (ii) market uncertainty and the condition of various economies (including interest rates, levels of economic activity, the price of securities and the participation by other investors in the financial markets); (iii) political conditions in the United States and other project locations; (iv) the extent of domestic production and importation of oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids, coal or metals in certain relevant markets; (v) the foreign supply of oil, natural gas and metals; (vi) the prices of foreign imports; (vii) the level of consumer demand; (viii) the price and availability of alternative electric generation options; (ix) the price of steel and the outlook for steel production; (x) pandemics, wars, sanctions and weather conditions; (xi) the competitive position of electricity, ethanol/biodiesel, oil, gas or coal as a source of energy as compared with other energy sources; (xii) the industry-wide or local refining, transportation or processing capacity for natural gas or transmission capacity for electric energy; (xiii) the effect of United States and
non-U.S.
federal, state and local regulation on the production, transportation and sale of electric energy and other commodities; (xiv) breakthrough technologies (such as improved storage or clean coal technologies) or government subsidies, tax credits or other support that allow alternative fuel generation projects to produce more reliable electric energy or lower the cost of such production compared to natural gas fueled electric generation projects; (xv) with respect to the price of oil, actions of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; or (xvi) the expected consumption of coking coal in steel production. While the
Sub-Adviser
will endeavor to take into account existing and anticipated future applicable greenhouse gas regulation in its investment decisions, changes in the regulation of greenhouse gases could adversely impact an investment or make future investments undesirable.
 
Regulatory Approvals
. The Fund may invest in portfolio companies that represent they have obtained all material United States federal, state, local or
non-U.S.
approvals, if any, required as of the date thereof to acquire and operate their facilities. In addition, the Fund may be required to obtain the consent or approval of applicable regulatory authorities in order to acquire or hold certain ownership positions in portfolio companies. A portfolio company could be materially and adversely affected as a result of statutory or regulatory changes or judicial or administrative interpretations of existing laws and regulations that impose more comprehensive or stringent requirements on such portfolio company. For example, in the case of oil and gas drilling, handling and transportation, such activities are extensively regulated, and statutory and regulatory requirements may include those imposed by energy, zoning, environmental, health, safety, labor and other regulatory or political authorities. Moreover, additional regulatory approvals, including without limitation, renewals, extensions, transfers, assignments, reissuances or similar actions, may become applicable in the future due to a change in laws and regulations, a change in the companies’ customers or for other reasons. There can be no assurance that a portfolio company will be able to (i) obtain all required regulatory approvals that it does not have at the time of the Fund’s investment or that it may be required to have in the future; (ii) obtain any necessary modifications to existing regulatory approvals; or (iii) maintain required regulatory approvals. Delay in obtaining or failure to obtain and maintain in full force and effect any regulatory approvals, or amendments thereto, or delay or failure to satisfy any regulatory conditions or other applicable requirements could prevent operation of a facility or sales to or from third parties or could result in fines or additional costs to a portfolio company. Regulatory changes in a jurisdiction where a portfolio investment is located may make the continued operation of the portfolio investment infeasible or economically disadvantageous and any expenditures made to date by such portfolio investment may be wholly or partially written off. The locations of the portfolio investments may also be subject to government exercise of eminent domain power or similar events. Any of these changes could significantly increase the regulatory-related compliance and other expenses incurred by the portfolio investments and could significantly reduce or entirely eliminate any potential revenues generated by one or more of the portfolio investments, which could materially and adversely affect returns to the Fund.
Political and Societal Challenges
. Energy and energy-related infrastructure projects may be subject to siting requirements. Siting of energy projects is also frequently subject to regulation by applicable state, county and local authorities. For example, proposals to site an energy plant or engage in drilling activities in a particular location may be challenged by a number of parties, including special interest groups based on alleged security concerns, disturbances to natural habitats for wildlife and adverse aesthetic impacts, including the common “not in my backyard” phenomenon. Concerns regarding some of the techniques used in the extraction of shale gas in order to enhance recovery, such as the use of natural gas hydraulic fracturing (also known as “fracking”) may also arise, which may require governmental permits or approvals and which have recently been the subject of heightened environmental concerns and public opposition in some jurisdictions (as more fully described below). The failure of any portfolio investment to receive, renew or maintain any required permits or approvals or any inability to satisfy any requirement of any permits or approvals may result in increased compliance costs, the need for additional capital expenditures or a suspension of project operations, which could materially and adversely affect returns to the Fund.
Environmental Matters
. Environmental laws, regulations and regulatory initiatives play a significant role in the electric power industry and can have a substantial impact on investments in this industry. For example, global initiatives to minimize pollution have played a major role in the increase in demand for natural gas and alternative energy sources, creating numerous new investment opportunities. Conversely, required expenditures for environmental compliance have adversely impacted investment returns in a number of segments of the industry. The electric power industry will continue to face considerable oversight from environmental regulatory authorities and significant influence from
non-governmental
and special interest groups, and the
Sub-Adviser
will seek to evaluate carefully the expected impact of environmental compliance on all potential investments. The Fund may invest in portfolio companies that are subject to changing and increasingly stringent environmental and health and safety laws, regulations and permit requirements. There can be no guarantee that all costs and risks regarding compliance with environmental and health and safety laws and regulations can be identified. New and more stringent environmental and health and safety laws, regulations and permit
 
requirements or stricter interpretations of current laws or regulations could impose substantial additional costs on portfolio companies or potential investments. Compliance with such current or future environmental and health and safety requirements does not ensure that the operations of the portfolio companies will not cause injury to the environment or people under all circumstances or that the portfolio companies will not be required to incur additional unforeseen environmental or health and safety expenditures. In particular, the oil and gas industry, for example, is subject to environmental hazards, such as oil spills, natural gas leaks and ruptures, discharges of petroleum products and hazardous substances and historic disposal activities. These environmental hazards could expose the Fund’s investments to material liabilities for property damages, personal injuries or other environmental harm, including costs of investigating and remediating contaminated properties. Moreover, failure to comply with any regulatory or legal requirements could have a material adverse effect on a portfolio company, and there can be no assurance that portfolio companies will at all times comply with all applicable environmental and health and safety laws, regulations and permit requirements. Past practices or future operations of portfolio companies could also result in material personal injury or property damage claims. Any noncompliance with these laws and regulations could subject the Fund and its properties to material administrative, civil or criminal penalties or other liabilities. Certain environmental laws and regulations may require that an owner or operator of an asset address prior environmental contamination, which could involve substantial cost. Such laws and regulations often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the release or presence of environmental contamination. The Fund may therefore be exposed to substantial risk of loss as a result of environmental claims against portfolio companies. Community and environmental groups may protest about the development or operation of power generation assets which may induce government action to the detriment of the Fund. Some of the most onerous environmental requirements regulate air emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases; these requirements may particularly affect companies in the energy sector, and in particular in its power generation fragment.
Derivatives Risks
. Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index, and may relate to individual debt or equity instruments, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities, related indexes and other assets. The Fund may, directly or indirectly, use various derivative instruments including, but not limited to, options contracts, futures contracts, forward contracts, options on futures contracts, indexed securities, credit default swaps, interest rate swaps and other swap agreements primarily for hedging and risk management purposes. The Fund may treat reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions as derivatives. The Fund also may use derivative instruments for investment purposes and/or to approximate or achieve the economic equivalent of an otherwise permitted investment (as if the Fund directly invested in the securities, loans or claims of the subject portfolio company) or if such instruments are related to an otherwise permitted investment. The Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves investment risks and transaction costs to which the Fund would not be subject absent the use of these instruments and, accordingly, may result in losses greater than if they had not been used. The use of derivative instruments may have risks including, among others, leverage risk, market risk, volatility risk, duration mismatch risk, correlation risk, counterparty risk, market liquidity risk, fund liquidity risk and legal and operational risk. When used for hedging or synthetic investment purposes, an imperfect or variable degree of correlation between price movements of the derivative instrument and the underlying investment sought to be hedged or tracked may prevent the Fund from achieving the intended hedging effect or expose the Fund to the risk of loss. Derivative instruments, especially when traded in large amounts by the Fund or other investors with a concentrated exposure, may not be liquid in all circumstances, so that in volatile markets the Fund may not be able to close out a position without incurring a loss. In addition, daily limits on price fluctuations and speculative position limits on exchanges on which the Fund may conduct its transactions in derivative instruments may prevent prompt liquidation of positions, subjecting the Fund to the potential of greater losses. Exchange-traded derivatives may experience increased settlement risk when trade volumes dramatically increase such that a futures commission merchant or options exchange may not be able to reconcile their positions in the ordinary course. This could cause a delay in calculation of the NAV of the Fund and result in losses. Derivative instruments that may be purchased or sold by the Fund may include instruments not traded on an exchange. Derivative instruments not traded on exchanges are also not subject to the same type of government regulation as exchange traded instruments, and many of the protections afforded to participants in a regulated environment
 
may not be available in connection with such transactions. In addition, significant disparities may exist between “bid” and “asked” prices for derivative instruments that are not traded on an exchange. Additionally, when a company defaults or files for protection from creditors (e.g., U.S. chapter 11 proceedings), the use of derivative instruments presents special risks associated with the potential imbalance between the derivatives market and the underlying securities market. In such a situation, physical certificates representing such securities may be required to be delivered to settle trades and the potential shortage of such actual certificates relative to the number of derivative instruments may cause the price of the actual certificated debt securities to rise, which may adversely affect the holder of such derivative instruments. The risk of nonperformance by the counterparty on such an instrument may be greater and the ease with which the Fund can dispose of or enter into closing transactions with respect to such an instrument may be less than in the case of an exchange traded instrument. The stability and liquidity of derivative investments depend in large part on the creditworthiness of the parties to the transactions. If there is a default by the counterparty to such a transaction, the Fund will under most normal circumstances have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. However, exercising such contractual rights may involve delays or costs which could result in a loss to the Fund. Furthermore, there is a risk that any of such counterparties could become insolvent. It should be noted that in purchasing derivative instruments, the Fund typically will not have the right to vote on matters requiring a vote of holders of the underlying investment. Moreover, derivative instruments, and the terms relating to the purchase, sale or financing thereof, are also typically governed by complex legal agreements. As a result, there is a higher risk of dispute over interpretation or enforceability of the agreements. It should also be noted that the regulation of derivatives is evolving in the United States and in other jurisdictions and is expected to increase, which could impact the Fund’s ability to transact in such instruments and the liquidity of such instruments. The
Sub-Adviser
may cause the Fund to take advantage of investment opportunities with respect to derivative instruments that are neither presently contemplated nor currently available, but which may be developed in the future, to the extent such opportunities are both consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and legally permissible. Any such investments may expose the Fund to unique and presently indeterminate risks, the impact of which may not be capable of determination until such instruments are developed and/or the
Sub-Adviser
determines to make such an investment.
Options and Futures Risk
. The Fund may utilize options and futures contracts and
so-called
“synthetic” options or other derivatives written by broker-dealers or other permissible intermediaries. Options transactions may be effected on securities exchanges or in the
over-the-counter
(“OTC market”). When options are purchased OTC, the Fund’s portfolio bears the risk that the counterparty that wrote the option will be unable or unwilling to perform its obligations under the option contract. Options may also be illiquid and, in such cases, the Fund may have difficulty closing out its position. OTC options also may include options on baskets of specific securities.
The Fund may purchase call and put options on specific securities, and may write and sell covered or uncovered call and put options for hedging purposes in pursuing its investment objective. A put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the underlying security at a stated exercise price, typically at any time prior to the expiration of the option. A call option gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying security at a stated exercise price, typically at any time prior to the expiration of the option. A covered call option is a call option with respect to which the seller of the option owns the underlying security. The sale of a call option exposes the seller during the term of the option to possible loss of opportunity to realize appreciation in the market price of the underlying security or to possible continued holding of a security that might otherwise have been sold to protect against depreciation in the market price of the security. In the sale of a put, losses may be significant and, in the sale of a call, losses can be unlimited.
The Fund may close out a position when writing options by purchasing an option on the same security with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option that it has previously written on the security. In such a case, the Fund will realize a profit or loss if the amount paid to purchase an option is less or more than the amount received from the sale of the option.
 
Purchasing a futures contract creates an obligation to take delivery of the specific type of financial instrument at a specific future time at a specific price for contracts that require physical delivery, or net payment for cash-settled contracts. Engaging in transactions in futures contracts involves risk of loss to the Fund. No assurance can be given that a liquid market will exist for any particular futures contract at any particular time. All terms of futures contracts are set forth in the rules of the exchange on which the futures contracts are traded. Many futures exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit or trading may be suspended for specified periods during the trading day. Futures contract prices could move to the limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and potentially subjecting the Fund to substantial losses. Successful use of futures also is subject to the
Sub-Adviser’s
ability to predict correctly the direction of movements in the relevant market, and, to the extent the transaction is entered into for hedging purposes, to determine the appropriate correlation between the transaction being hedged and the price movements of the futures contract. Futures contracts may be subject to price swings in daily settlements with exchanges and clearing houses.
Credit Derivatives
. The Fund may engage in trading or investing in credit derivative contracts, which are contracts that transfer price, spread and/or default risks of debt and other instruments from one party to another, both for bona fide hedging of existing long and short positions, but also for independent profit opportunities. Such instruments may include one or more credits. The market for credit derivatives may be relatively illiquid, and there are considerable risks that may make it difficult either to buy or sell the contracts as needed or at reasonable prices. There are also risks with respect to credit derivatives in determining whether an event will trigger payment under the contract and whether such payment will offset the loss or payment due under another instrument. Generally, a credit event means bankruptcy, a failure to pay, the acceleration of an obligation or modified restructuring of a credit obligation or instrument.
The Fund may be either the buyer or seller in these transactions. If the Fund is a buyer of credit protection and no credit event occurs, the Fund may recover nothing. Worse still, if a credit event occurs, the Fund, as a buyer, typically will receive full notional value for a reference obligation that may have little or no value. Buyers of credit derivatives carry the risk of
non-performance
by the seller due to an inability to pay.
As a seller of credit protection, the Fund would typically receive a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, which typically is between one month and five years, provided that no credit event occurs. If a credit event occurs, the seller may pay the buyer the full notional value of the reference obligations. Sellers of credit derivatives carry the inherent price, spread and default risks of the underlying instruments.
Credit default swaps involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly. In addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to liquidity risk and credit risk. A buyer of credit protection also may lose its investment and recover nothing should no credit event occur. If a credit event were to occur, the value of the reference obligation received by the seller, coupled with the periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the Fund. Further, in certain circumstances, the buyer can receive the notional value of a credit default swap only by delivering a physical security to the seller, and is at risk if such deliverable security is unavailable or illiquid. Such a delivery “crunch” is a distinct risk of these investments.
The credit derivatives market is a rapidly evolving market. As a result, different participants in the credit derivatives markets may have different practices or interpretations with respect to applicable terms and definitions, and ambiguities concerning such terms or definitions, may be interpreted or resolved in ways that are adverse to the Fund. Additionally, there may be circumstances and market conditions (including the possibility of a large number of buyers of credit default swaps being required to deliver the same physical security in the same time frame) that have not yet been experienced that could have adverse effects on the Fund’s investments.
 
The regulation of derivatives in the United States and other countries is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to ongoing modification by governmental and judicial action. Accordingly, the impact of this evolving regulatory regime on the Fund is difficult to predict, but it could be substantial and adverse.
Interest Rate Swaps Risk
. The Fund may enter into interest rate swap agreements with another party to receive or pay interest (e.g., an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments) to protect itself from interest rate fluctuations. This type of swap is an agreement that obligates two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at specified intervals based upon or calculated by reference to a specified interest rate(s) for a specified amount. The payment flows are usually netted against each other, with the difference being paid by one party to the other. Interest rate swap agreements are subject to general market risk, liquidity risk, counterparty risk and interest rate risk.
Corporate Bond Risk
. Corporate bonds are debt obligations issued by corporations and other business entities. Corporate bonds may be either secured or unsecured. Collateral used for secured debt includes real property, machinery, equipment, accounts receivable, stocks, bonds or notes. If a bond is unsecured, it is known as a debenture. Bondholders, as creditors, have a prior legal claim over common and preferred stockholders as to both income and assets of the corporation for the principal and interest due them and may have a prior claim over other creditors if liens or mortgages are involved. Interest on corporate bonds may be fixed or floating, or the bonds may be zero coupons. Interest on corporate bonds is typically paid semi-annually and is fully taxable to the bondholder. Corporate bonds contain elements of both interest-rate risk and credit risk and are subject to the risks associated with other debt securities, among other risks. The market value of a corporate bond generally may be expected to rise and fall inversely with interest rates and may also be affected by the credit rating of the corporation, the corporation’s performance and perceptions of the corporation in the marketplace. Depending on the nature of the seniority provisions, a senior corporate bond may be junior to other credit securities of the issuer. The market value of a corporate bond may be affected by factors directly related to the issuer, such as investors’ perceptions of the creditworthiness of the issuer, the issuer’s financial performance, perceptions of the issuer in the marketplace, performance of management of the issuer, the issuer’s capital structure and use of financial leverage and demand for the issuer’s goods and services. There is a risk that the issuers of corporate bonds may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by an instrument. Corporate bonds of below investment grade quality are often high risk and have speculative characteristics and may be particularly susceptible to adverse issuer-specific developments.
Counterparty Risk
. The Fund is exposed to the risk that third parties that may owe the Fund, or its issuers, money, securities or other assets will not perform their obligations. These parties include trading counterparties, clearing agents, exchanges, clearing houses, custodians, prime brokers, administrators and other intermediaries. These parties may default on their obligations to the Fund or its issuers, due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons. This risk may arise, for example, from entering into swap or other derivative contracts under which counterparties have long-term obligations to make payments to the Fund or its issuers, or executing securities, futures, currency or commodity trades that fail to settle at the required time due to
non-delivery
by the counterparty or systems failure by clearing agents, exchanges, clearing houses or other intermediaries. Also, any practice of rehypothecation of securities of the Fund or its issuers held by counterparties could result in the loss of such securities upon the bankruptcy, insolvency or failure of such counterparties. In addition, any of the Fund’s cash held with a prime broker, custodian or counterparty may not be segregated from the prime broker’s, custodian’s or counterparty’s own cash, and the Fund therefore may rank as an unsecured creditor in relation thereto. The inability to recover the Fund’s assets could have a material impact on the performance of the Fund. The consolidation and elimination of counterparties resulting from the disruption in the financial markets has generally increased the concentration of counterparty risk and has decreased the number of potential counterparties.
Payment-in-Kind
(“PIK”) Income Risk
. The Fund may hold investments that result in PIK income or PIK dividends. PIK income creates the risk that incentive fees will be paid to the Adviser and, indirectly, the
Sub-Adviser
based on
non-cash
accruals that ultimately may not be realized, while neither the Adviser nor
 
Sub-Adviser
will be under any obligation to reimburse the Fund for these fees. PIK income may have a negative impact on liquidity, as it represents a
non-cash
component of the Fund’s taxable income that may require cash distributions to Shareholders in order to maintain the Fund’s ability to be subject to tax as a RIC. PIK income has the effect of generating investment income at a compounding rate, thereby further increasing the incentive fees payable to the Adviser and, indirectly, the
Sub-Adviser.
Similarly, all things being equal, the deferral associated with PIK income also increases the
loan-to-value
ratio at a compounding rate. The market prices of PIK securities generally are more volatile than the market prices of interest-bearing securities and are likely to respond to a greater degree to changes in interest rates than interest-bearing securities having similar maturities and credit quality. Because PIK income results in an
increase
in the size of the PIK securities held, the Fund’s exposure to potential losses increases when a security pays PIK income.
Other Risks Relating to the Fund [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Other Risks Relating to the Fund
Senior Management Personnel of the Adviser and the
Sub-Adviser
. Since the Fund has no employees, it depends on the investment expertise, skill and network of business contacts of the Adviser and
Sub-Adviser.
The
Sub-Adviser
evaluates, negotiates, structures, executes, monitors and services the Fund’s investments. The Fund’s future success depends to a significant extent on the continued service and coordination of the Adviser and the
Sub-Adviser
and their respective senior management teams. The departure of any members of the Adviser’s or
Sub-Adviser’s
senior management team could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.
The
Sub-Adviser
has entered into the Resource Sharing Agreement with Bain Capital Credit, pursuant to which Bain Capital Credit provides the
Sub-Adviser
with experienced investment professionals (including the Portfolio Managers) and access to the resources of Bain Capital Credit so as to enable the
Sub-Adviser
to fulfill its obligations under the
Sub-Advisory
Agreement. Through the Resource Sharing Agreement, the
Sub-Adviser
intends to capitalize on the significant deal origination, credit underwriting, due diligence, investment structuring, execution, portfolio management and monitoring experience of Bain Capital Credit’s investment professionals. There can be no assurance that Bain Capital Credit will perform its obligations under the Resource Sharing Agreement. The Resource Sharing Agreement may be terminated by either party on 60 days’ notice, which if terminated may have a material adverse consequence on the Fund’s operations.
The Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective depends on the
Sub-Adviser’s
ability to identify, analyze, invest in, finance and monitor companies that meet the Fund’s investment criteria. The
Sub-Adviser’s
capabilities in managing the investment process, providing competent, attentive and efficient services to the Fund, and facilitating access to financing on acceptable terms depend on the employment of investment professionals in an adequate number and of adequate sophistication to match the corresponding flow of transactions. To achieve the Fund’s investment objective, the Adviser and/or
Sub-Adviser
may need to hire, train, supervise and manage new investment professionals to participate in the Fund’s investment selection and monitoring process. The Adviser and/or
Sub-Adviser
may not be able to find investment professionals in a timely manner or at all. Failure to support the Fund’s investment process could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, the Investment Management Agreement and
Sub-Advisory
Agreements have termination provisions that allow the parties to terminate the agreements without penalty. The Investment Management Agreement may be terminated at any time, without penalty, by the Adviser upon 60 days’ notice to the Fund. The
Sub-Advisory
Agreement may be terminated at any time by the Adviser or the
Sub-Adviser
on 60 days’ notice or at any time upon the mutual consent of the parties. Further, if the
Sub-Advisory
Agreement terminates, the Investment Management Agreement will also terminate concurrently. If the Investment Management Agreement or
Sub-Advisory
Agreement is terminated, it may materially adversely affect the quality of the Fund’s investment opportunities. In addition, in the event the Investment Management Agreement or
Sub-Advisory
Agreement is terminated, it may be difficult for the Fund to replace the Adviser and
Sub-Adviser.
Furthermore, the termination of the Investment Management Agreement or
Sub-Advisory
Agreement may adversely impact the terms of the
 
Fund’s or its subsidiaries’ financing facilities or any financing facility into which the Fund or its subsidiaries may enter in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business and financial condition.
Dependence Upon Key Personnel of Bain Capital Credit and the
Sub-Adviser.
The Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective will depend on its ability to manage its business and to grow investments and earnings. This will depend, in turn, on the financial and managerial expertise of the
Sub-Adviser,
including with resources utilized from Bain Capital Credit. Although the
Sub-Adviser
has attempted to foster a team approach to investing, the loss of key individuals employed by Bain Capital Credit or the
Sub-Adviser
could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s financial condition, performance and ability to achieve its investment objective. If these individuals do not maintain their employment or other existing relationships with Bain Capital Credit or the
Sub-Adviser
and do not develop new relationships with other sources of investment opportunities available to the Fund, the Fund may not be able to grow its investment portfolio.
Bain Capital Credit’s and the
Sub-Adviser’s
investment professionals have substantial responsibilities in connection with the management of other Bain Capital Credit clients. The personnel of Bain Capital Credit may be called upon to provide managerial assistance to the Fund’s portfolio companies. These demands on their time, which may increase as the number of investments grow, may distract them or slow the Fund’s rate of investment. The employees of the
Sub-Adviser
and other Bain Capital Credit investment professionals expect to devote such time and attention to the conduct of the Fund’s business as such business shall reasonably require. However, there can be no assurance, for example, that the members of the
Sub-Adviser
or such investment professionals will devote any minimum number of hours each week to the Fund’s affairs or that they will continue to be employed by Bain Capital Credit. Subject to certain remedies, in the event that certain employees of the
Sub-Adviser
cease to be actively involved with the Fund, the Fund will be required to rely on the ability of Bain Capital Credit to identify and retain other investment professionals to conduct the Fund’s business. The Board intends to evaluate the commitment and performance of the
Sub-Adviser
in conjunction with the annual approval of the
Sub-Advisory
Agreement and Administration Agreement.
Under the Resource Sharing Agreement, Bain Capital Credit has agreed to provide the
Sub-Adviser
with experienced investment professionals necessary to fulfill its obligations under the
Sub-Advisory
Agreement. The Resource Sharing Agreement, however, may be terminated by either party on 60 days’ notice. The fund cannot assure Shareholders that Bain Capital Credit will fulfill its obligations under the Resource Sharing Agreement. The Fund also cannot assure Shareholders that the
Sub-Adviser
will enforce the Resource Sharing Agreement if Bain Capital Credit fails to perform, that such agreement will not be terminated by either party or that the Fund will continue to have access to the investment professionals of Bain Capital Credit and its affiliates or their information and deal flow. The
Sub-Adviser,
Bain Capital Credit and/or their affiliates will enter into employment contracts with and provide life insurance for their key personnel.
Further, the Fund depends upon Bain Capital Credit and the
Sub-Adviser
to maintain their relationships with private equity sponsors, placement agents, investment banks, management groups and other financial institutions, and the Fund expects to rely to a significant extent upon these relationships to provide the Fund with potential investment opportunities. If they fail to maintain such relationships, or to develop new relationships with other sources of investment opportunities, the Fund will not be able to grow its investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom the senior professionals of Bain Capital Credit and the
Sub-Adviser
have relationships are not obligated to provide the Fund with investment opportunities, and the Fund cannot assure you that these relationships will generate investment opportunities for the Fund in the future.
Key Personnel Risk
. The Adviser and
Sub-Adviser
depend on the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of certain professionals. The Adviser and
Sub-Adviser
also depend, to a significant extent, on access to other investment professionals and the information and deal flow generated by these investment professionals in the course of their investment and portfolio management activities. The Fund’s success depends on the continued
 
service of such personnel. The investment professionals associated with the Adviser and
Sub-Adviser
are actively involved in other investment activities not concerning the Fund and will not be able to devote all of their time to the Fund’s business and affairs. The departure of any of the senior managers of the Adviser and/or
Sub-Adviser,
or of a significant number of the investment professionals or partners of the Adviser’s and/or
Sub-Adviser’s
affiliates, could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. Individuals not currently associated with the Adviser or
Sub-Adviser
may become associated with the Fund and the performance of the Fund may also depend on the experience and expertise of such individuals. In addition, there is no assurance that the Adviser or
Sub-Adviser
will remain the Fund’s investment advisers or that the Adviser or
Sub-Adviser
will continue to have access to the investment professionals and partners of its affiliates and the information and deal flow generated by the investment professionals of its affiliates.
Bain Relationships
. The Fund expects that Bain will depend on its existing relationships with private equity sponsors, investment banks and commercial banks, and the Fund expects to rely to a significant extent upon these relationships for purposes of potential investment opportunities. If Bain fails to maintain its existing relationships or develop new relationships with other sources or sponsors of investment opportunities, the Fund may not be able to expand its investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom Bain has relationships are not obligated to provide the Fund with investment opportunities and, therefore, there is no assurance that such relationships will generate investment opportunities for the Fund.
The Adviser’s Incentive Fee Risk
. The Investment Management Agreement and
Sub-Advisory
Agreement entitles the Adviser and
Sub-Adviser,
respectively, to receive incentive compensation on income regardless of any capital losses. In such case, the Fund may be required to pay the Adviser, and indirectly the
Sub-Adviser,
incentive compensation for a fiscal quarter even if there is a decline in the value of the Fund’s portfolio or if the Fund incurs a net loss for that quarter.
Any Incentive Fee payable by the Fund that relates to its net investment income may be computed and paid on income that may include interest that has been accrued but not yet received. If a portfolio company defaults on a loan that is structured to provide accrued interest, it is possible that accrued interest previously included in the calculation of the Incentive Fee will become uncollectible. Neither the Adviser nor
Sub-Adviser
is under any obligation to reimburse the Fund for any part of the Incentive Fee it received that was based on accrued income that the Fund never received as a result of a default by an entity on the obligation that resulted in the accrual of such income, and such circumstances would result in the Fund’s paying an Incentive Fee on income it never received.
The Incentive Fee payable by the Fund to the Adviser, and indirectly the
Sub-Adviser,
may create an incentive for them to make investments on the Fund’s behalf that are risky or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such compensation arrangement. The way in which the Incentive Fee payable to the Adviser, and indirectly the
Sub-Adviser,
is determined may encourage them to use leverage to increase the return on the Fund’s investments. In addition, the fact that the Management Fee is payable based upon the Fund’s gross assets, which would include any borrowings for investment purposes, may encourage the Adviser and/or
Sub-Adviser
to seek to use leverage to make additional investments. Under certain circumstances, the use of leverage may increase the likelihood of default, which would disfavor Shareholders. Such a practice could result in the Fund’s investing in more speculative securities than would otherwise be in its best interests, which could result in higher investment losses, particularly during cyclical economic downturns.
Shares Not Listed; No Market for Shares
. The Fund has been organized as a
closed-end
management investment company.
Closed-end
funds differ from
open-end
management investment companies (commonly known as mutual funds) because investors in a
closed-end
fund do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis. Unlike most
closed-end
funds, which typically list their shares on a securities exchange, the Fund does not currently intend to list the Shares for trading on any securities exchange, and the Fund does not expect any secondary market to develop for the Shares in the foreseeable future. Therefore, an investment in the Fund, unlike an investment in a typical
closed-end
fund, is not a liquid investment.
 
Closed-end
Interval Fund; Liquidity Risks
. The Fund is a
non-diversified,
closed-end
management investment company structured as an “interval fund” and designed primarily for long-term investors. The Fund is not intended to be a typical traded investment. There is no secondary market for the Fund’s Shares and the Fund expects that no secondary market will develop. An investor should not invest in the Fund if the investor needs a liquid investment.
Closed-end
funds differ from
open-end
management investment companies, commonly known as mutual funds, in that investors in a
closed-end
fund do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis at a price based on NAV. Although the Fund, as a fundamental policy, will make quarterly offers to repurchase between 5% and 25% of its outstanding Shares at NAV, the number of Shares tendered in connection with a repurchase offer may exceed the number of Shares the Fund has offered to repurchase, in which case not all of your Shares tendered in that offer will be repurchased. In connection with any given repurchase offer, it is likely that the Fund may offer to repurchase only the minimum amount of 5% of its outstanding Shares. Hence, you may not be able to sell your Shares when and/or in the amount that you desire.
Competition for Investment Opportunities
. The Fund competes for investments with other
closed-end
funds and investment funds, as well as traditional financial services companies such as commercial banks and other sources of funding. Moreover, alternative investment vehicles, such as hedge funds, have begun to invest in areas in which they have not traditionally invested. As a result of these new entrants, competition for investment opportunities may intensify. Many of the Fund’s competitors are substantially larger and may have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than the Fund. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to funding sources that are not available to the Fund. In addition, some of the Fund’s competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments than it has. These characteristics could allow the Fund’s competitors to consider a wider variety of investments, establish more relationships and pay more competitive prices for investments than it is able to do. The Fund may lose investment opportunities if it does not match its competitors’ pricing. If the Fund is forced to match its competitors’ pricing, it may not be able to achieve acceptable returns on its investments or may bear substantial risk of capital loss. A significant increase in the number and/or the size of the Fund’s competitors could force it to accept less attractive investment terms. Furthermore, many of the Fund’s competitors have greater experience operating under, or are not subject to, the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on it as a
closed-end
fund.
Limitations on Transactions with Affiliates Risk
. The 1940 Act limits the Fund’s ability to enter into certain transactions with certain of its affiliates. As a result of these restrictions, the Fund may be prohibited from buying or selling any security directly from or to any portfolio company that is considered its affiliate under the 1940 Act. However, the Fund may under certain circumstances purchase any such portfolio company’s securities in the secondary market, which could create a conflict for the Adviser or Subadviser between the Fund’s interests and the interests of the portfolio company, in that the ability of the Adviser or
Sub-adviser,
as applicable, to recommend actions in the Fund’s best interests might be impaired. The Fund, the Adviser and
Sub-Adviser
have sought exemptive relief to expand the Fund’s ability to
co-invest
alongside affiliates in privately negotiated investments. Under the exemptive relief, the Fund, the Adviser and the
Sub-Adviser
are required to comply with certain conditions that would not otherwise apply. There can be no assurance that such
co-investment
exemptive order will be obtained.
“Best-Efforts” Offering Risk
. This offering is being made on a best efforts basis, whereby the Distributor is only required to use its best efforts to sell the Shares and has no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the Shares. To the extent that a limited number of Shares are sold in this offering, the opportunity for the allocation of the Fund’s investments among various issuers and industries may be decreased, and the returns achieved on those investments may be reduced as a result of allocating all of the Fund’s expenses over a smaller capital base.
Inadequate Return Risk
. No assurance can be given that the returns on the Fund’s investments will be commensurate with the risk of investment in its Shares.
Inadequate Network of Broker-Dealer Risk
. The success of the Fund’s continuous public offering, and correspondingly the Fund’s ability to implement its investment objective and strategies, depends upon the ability
 
of the Distributor to establish, operate and maintain a network of selected broker-dealers and other Financial Intermediaries to sell the Shares. If the Distributor fails to perform, the Fund may not be able to raise adequate proceeds through the Fund’s continuous public offering to implement the Fund’s investment objective and strategies. If the Fund is unsuccessful in implementing its investment objective and strategies, an investor could lose all or a part of his or her investment in the Fund.
Registration under the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act
. Registration with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission as a “commodity pool operator” or any change in the Fund’s operations necessary to maintain the Adviser’s ability to rely upon exemption from registration as such could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to implement its investment program, conduct its operations and/or achieve its objective and subject the Fund to certain additional costs, expenses and administrative burdens.
Repurchase Offers Risks
. As described under “Share Repurchase Program,” the Fund is an “interval fund” and, to provide some liquidity to Shareholders, makes quarterly offers to repurchase between 5% and 25% of its outstanding Shares at NAV, pursuant to Rule
23c-3
under the 1940 Act. The Fund believes that these repurchase offers are generally beneficial to the Fund’s Shareholders, and generally are funded from available cash or sales of portfolio securities. However, the repurchase of Shares by the Fund decreases the assets of the Fund and, therefore, may have the effect of increasing the Fund’s expense ratios. Repurchase offers and the need to fund repurchase obligations may also affect the ability of the Fund to be fully invested or force the Fund to maintain a higher percentage of its assets in liquid investments, which may harm the Fund’s investment performance. Moreover, diminution in the size of the Fund through repurchases may result in untimely sales of portfolio securities, and may limit the ability of the Fund to participate in new investment opportunities. If the Fund uses leverage, repurchases of Shares may compound the adverse effects of leverage in a declining market. In addition, if the Fund borrows money to finance repurchases, interest on that borrowing will negatively affect Shareholders who do not tender their Shares by increasing Fund expenses and reducing any net investment income. Certain Shareholders may from time to time own or control a significant percentage of the Fund’s Shares. Repurchase requests by these Shareholders of these Shares of the Fund may cause repurchases to be oversubscribed, with the result that Shareholders may only be able to have a portion of their Shares repurchased in connection with any repurchase offer. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed and the Fund determines not to repurchase additional Shares beyond the repurchase offer amount, or if Shareholders tender an amount of Shares greater than that which the Fund is entitled to purchase, the Fund will repurchase the Shares tendered on a pro rata basis, and Shareholders will have to wait until the next repurchase offer to make another repurchase request. Shareholders will be subject to the risk of NAV fluctuations during that period. Thus, there is also a risk that some Shareholders, in anticipation of proration, may tender more Shares than they wish to have repurchased in a particular quarterly period, thereby increasing the likelihood that proration will occur. The NAV of Shares tendered in a repurchase offer may fluctuate between the date a Shareholder submits a repurchase request and the Repurchase Request Deadline, and to the extent there is any delay between the Repurchase Request Deadline and the Repurchase Pricing Date. The NAV on the Repurchase Request Deadline or the Repurchase Pricing Date may be higher or lower than on the date a Shareholder submits a repurchase request. See “Share Repurchase Program.”
Distribution Payment Risk
. The Fund cannot assure investors that the Fund will achieve investment results that will allow the Fund to make a specified level of cash distributions or
year-to-year
increases in cash distributions. All distributions will be paid at the discretion of the Board and may depend on the Fund’s earnings, the Fund’s net investment income, the Fund’s financial condition, maintenance of the Fund’s RIC status, compliance with applicable regulations and such other factors as the Board may deem relevant from time to time.
In the event that the Fund encounters delays in locating suitable investment opportunities, all or a substantial portion of the Fund’s distributions may constitute a return of capital to Shareholders. To the extent that the Fund pays distributions that constitute a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it will lower an investor’s tax basis in his or her Shares. A return of capital generally is a return of an investor’s investment, rather than a return of earnings or gains derived from the Fund’s investment activities, and generally results in a
 
reduction of the tax basis in the Shares. As a result from such reduction in tax basis, Shareholders may be subject to tax in connection with the sale of Fund Shares, even if such Shares are sold at a loss relative to the Shareholder’s original investment.
Risks Associated with the Fund’s Distribution Policy
. The Fund intends to make regular distributions. Currently, in order to maintain a relatively stable level of distributions, the Fund may pay out less than all of its net investment income to the extent consistent with maintaining its ability to be subject to tax as a “regulated investment company.” or “RIC” under the Code, pay out undistributed income from prior months, return capital in addition to current period net investment income or borrow money to fund distributions. The distributions for any full or partial calendar year might not be made in equal amounts, and one distribution may be larger than the other. The Fund will make a distribution only if authorized by the Board and declared by the Fund out of assets legally available for these distributions. This distribution policy may, under certain circumstances, have certain adverse consequences to the Fund and its Shareholders because it may result in a return of capital, which would reduce the NAV of the Shares and, over time, potentially increase the Fund’s expense ratios. If a distribution constitutes a return of capital, it means that the Fund is returning to Shareholders a portion of their investment rather than making a distribution that is funded from the Fund’s earned income or other profits. The Fund’s distribution policy may be changed at any time by the Board.
There is a possibility that the Fund may make total distributions during a calendar or taxable year in an amount that exceeds the Fund’s net investment company taxable income and net capital gains for the relevant taxable year. In such situations, if a distribution exceeds the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a portion of each distribution paid with respect to such taxable year would generally be treated as a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes, thereby reducing the amount of a Shareholder’s tax basis in such Shareholder’s Shares. When a Shareholder sells Shares, the amount, if any, by which the sales price exceeds the Shareholder’s tax basis in the Shares may be treated as a gain subject to tax. Because a return of capital reduces a Shareholder’s tax basis in their Shares, it generally will increase the amount of such Shareholder’s gain or decrease the amount of such Shareholder’s loss when such Shareholder sells their Shares. To the extent that the amount of any return of capital distribution exceeds a Shareholder’s tax basis in their Shares, such excess generally will be treated as gain from a sale or exchange of the Shares.
If the Fund elects to issue preferred Shares and/or notes or other forms of indebtedness, its ability to make distributions to its Shareholders may be limited by the asset coverage requirements and other limitations imposed by the 1940 Act and the terms of the Fund’s preferred Shares, notes or other indebtedness.
Tax Risk Associated with Fund Distributions
. Even if a Shareholder chooses to “opt out” of the DRP, the Fund will have the ability to declare a large portion of a dividend in Shares instead of in cash in order to satisfy its RIC requirements. As long as a portion of this dividend is paid in cash and certain requirements are met, the entire distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, a Shareholder generally will be subject to tax on 100% of the fair market value of the dividend on the date the dividend is received by the Shareholder in the same manner as a cash dividend, even though most of the dividend was paid in Shares.
Investment Dilution Risk
. The Fund’s investors do not have preemptive rights to any Shares the Fund may issue in the future. The Fund’s amended and restated declaration of trust (the “Declaration of Trust”) authorizes it to issue an unlimited number of Shares. The Board may make certain amendments to the Declaration of Trust. After an investor purchases Shares, the Fund may sell additional Shares in the future or issue equity interests in private offerings. To the extent the Fund issues additional equity interests after an investor purchases its Shares, such investor’s percentage ownership interest in the Fund will be diluted.
Anti-Takeover Risk
. The Declaration of Trust and the Fund’s amended and restated bylaws (the “Bylaws”), as well as certain statutory and regulatory requirements, contain certain provisions that may have the effect of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire the Fund. Subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act, the
 
Board may, without Shareholder action, authorize the issuance of Shares in one or more classes or series, including preferred shares; and the Board may, without Shareholder action, make certain amendments to the Declaration of Trust. These anti-takeover provisions may inhibit a change of control in circumstances that could give Shareholders the opportunity to realize a premium over the value of the Shares.
Conflicts of Interest Risk
. The Adviser is an entity in which the Fund’s Interested Trustee (as described below) and officers and members of the Adviser’s investment committee may have indirect ownership and economic interests. Certain of the Fund’s Trustees and officers, members of the Adviser’s investment committee and
Sub-Adviser
personnel who manage the Fund also serve as officers or principals of other investment managers affiliated with the Adviser or
Sub-Adviser
that currently, and may in the future, manage investment funds with investment objectives similar to the Fund’s investment objective. In addition, certain of the Fund’s officers and Trustees, members of the Adviser’s investment committee, or
Sub-Adviser
personnel who manage the Fund serve or may serve as officers, trustees or principals of entities that operate in the same or related line of business as the Fund or of investment funds managed by the Fund’s affiliates. Accordingly, the Fund may not be made aware of and/or given the opportunity to participate in certain investments made by other investment funds, even if they are managed by advisers affiliated with the Adviser or the
Sub-Adviser.
However, the Adviser and
Sub-Adviser
intend to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner in accordance with their respective investment allocation policies, consistent with each fund’s or separate account’s investment objective and strategies and legal and regulatory requirements.
Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk—Allocation of Investment Opportunities
. The
Sub-Adviser
has adopted allocation procedures that are intended to treat each fund they advise in a manner that, over a period of time, is fair and equitable. The
Sub-Adviser
and its affiliates currently provide investment advisory and administration services and may provide in the future similar services to other entities (collectively, “Advised Funds”). Certain existing Advised Funds have, and future Advised Funds may have, investment objectives similar to those of the Fund, and such Advised Funds will invest in asset classes similar to those targeted by the Fund. Certain other existing Advised Funds do not, and future Advised Funds may not, have similar investment objectives, but such Advised Funds may from time to time invest in asset classes similar to those targeted by the Fund.
In serving in multiple capacities, employees of Bain Capital Credit and the
Sub-Adviser
will have obligations to other Advised Funds , the fulfillment of which may not be in the best interests of, or may be adverse to the interests of, the Fund and its Shareholders. Although the professional staff of Bain Capital Credit will devote as much time to the Fund’s management as appropriate to enable the
Sub-Adviser
to perform its duties in accordance with the
Sub-Advisory
Agreement, Bain Capital Credit has, and will continue to have, management responsibilities for other Advised Funds. There is a potential that the Fund will compete with these Advised Funds, for capital and investment opportunities. As a result, Bain Capital Credit and the Portfolio Managers will face conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities among the Fund and the other Advised Funds and may make certain investments that are appropriate for the Fund but for which the Fund receives a relatively small allocation of such investment or no allocation at all. The
Sub-Adviser
and Bain Capital Credit intends to allocate investment opportunities among eligible Advised Funds in a manner that is fair and equitable over time and consistent with its allocation policy. However, the Fund can offer no assurance that such opportunities will be allocated to the Fund fairly or equitably in the short-term or over time, and the Fund may not be given the opportunity to participate in investments made by other Advised Funds managed by the
Sub-Adviser
or an investment manager affiliated with the
Sub-Adviser,
including Bain Capital Credit. In allocating investment opportunities, the
Sub-Adviser
will consider factors it believes in its sole discretion to be relevant, which may include the following:
 
   
investment objectives and investment focus;
 
   
expected life cycle;
 
   
prospective portfolio company’s geography, nature of its business and scale;
 
   
transaction sourcing (and with respect to an investment opportunity originated by a third-party, the relationship of an Advised Fund to such third-party);
 
   
liquidity and reserves (including whether an Advised Fund is able to commit to invest all capital required to consummate a particular investment opportunity);
 
   
diversification (including the actual, relative or potential exposure of an Advised Fund to the type of investment opportunity in terms of its existing portfolio);
 
   
lender covenants and other limitations;
 
   
amount of capital available for investment, as well as projected future capacity for investment;
 
   
targeted rate of return and hold period;
 
   
the size, liquidity and anticipated duration of the prospective portfolio company;
 
   
stage of development of the prospective investment and anticipated holding period of the prospective investment;
 
   
appropriate leverage levels for the prospective portfolio company;
 
   
stage of the investment process of the Fund and the other Advised Funds (i.e., whether the relevant entities are in their
“ramp-up
period”);
 
   
portfolio composition and investment concentration parameters (including parameters such as geography, industry, issuer, volatility, leverage or other similar risk metric);
 
   
the suitability as a
follow-on
investment for a current investment;
 
   
the potential availability of future
follow-on
investments in such prospective investment;
 
   
the availability of other suitable investments;
 
   
timing necessary to execute an investment;
 
   
risk considerations;
 
   
the centrality of an investment to investment strategy;
 
   
cash flow considerations;
 
   
asset class restrictions;
 
   
industry and other allocation targets;
 
   
minimum and maximum investment size requirements;
 
   
tax and accounting implications;
 
   
whether an investment opportunity requires additional consents or authorizations from an Advised Fund, investors or third parties;
 
   
legal, contractual or regulatory constraints; and
 
   
any other relevant limitations imposed by or conditions set forth in the applicable offering documents and organizational documents of the Fund and each Advised Fund.
If the
Sub-Adviser
recommends a particular level of investment for the Fund, and the aggregate amount recommended by the
Sub-Adviser
for the Fund and for other participating Advised Funds exceeds the amount of the investment opportunity, subject to applicable law, investments made pursuant to exemptive relief will generally be allocated among the participants pro rata based on capital available for investment in the asset class being allocated and the respective governing documents of such Advised Funds. The Fund expects that available capital for its investments will be determined based on the amount of cash
on-hand,
existing commitments and reserves, if any, the targeted leverage level, targeted asset mix and diversification requirements and other investment policies and restrictions set by the Board or as imposed by applicable laws, rules, regulations or interpretations. In instances when investments are not made pursuant to exemptive relief, allocations among the
 
Fund and other Advised Funds, subject to applicable law and regulation, will be made in accordance with the
Sub-Adviser’s
trade allocation practice, which is generally pro rata based on order size. There can be no assurance that the Fund will able to participate in all investment opportunities that are suitable for it.
In the event investment opportunities are allocated among the Fund and the other Advised Funds, the Fund may not be able to structure its investment portfolio in the manner desired. Furthermore, the Fund and the other Advised Funds may make investments in securities where the prevailing trading activity may make impossible the receipt of the same price or execution on the entire volume of securities purchased or sold by the Fund and the other Advised Funds. When this occurs, the various prices may be averaged, and the Fund will be charged or credited with the average price. Thus, the effect of the aggregation may operate on some occasions to the disadvantage of the Fund. In addition, under certain circumstances, the Fund may not be charged the same commission or commission equivalent rates in connection with a bunched or aggregated order.
Subject to applicable law and the conditions of any applicable
co-investment
exemptive relief. it is likely that the other Advised Funds may make investments in the same or similar securities at different times and on different terms than the Fund. The Fund and the other Advised Funds may make investments at different levels of a borrower’s capital structure or otherwise in different classes of a borrower’s securities, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Such investments may inherently give rise to conflicts of interest or perceived conflicts of interest between or among the various classes of securities that may be held by such entities. Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding the Fund may benefit the other Advised Funds. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position by the Fund may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) one or more Advised Funds, and the purchase of a security or covering of a short position in a security by the Fund may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) one or more Advised Funds.
Applicable law, including the 1940 Act, may at times prevent the Fund from being able to participate in investments that it otherwise would participate in, and may require the Fund to dispose of investments at a time when it otherwise would not dispose of such investment, in each case, in order to comply with applicable law.
The 1940 Act contains prohibitions and restrictions relating to certain transactions between registered investment companies and certain affiliates (including any investment advisers or
sub-advisers),
principal underwriters and certain affiliates of those affiliates or underwriters. Because the Fund is a registered investment company, the Fund is not generally permitted to make loans to companies controlled by the Advisers or other funds managed by the Advisers or their affiliates. The Fund is also not permitted to make any
co-investments
with the Advisers or their affiliates (including any fund managed by Bain or its affiliates) without exemptive relief from the SEC, subject to certain exceptions. The Fund has applied for exemptive relief from the SEC that would permit the Fund and certain present and future funds advised by Bain-controlled investment advisers to
co-invest
in suitable negotiated investments.
Co-investments
made under the exemptive relief would be subject to compliance with the conditions and other requirements contained in the exemptive relief, which could limit the Fund’s ability to participate in a
co-investment
transaction.
The Adviser, the
Sub-Adviser,
or their respective affiliates and clients may pursue or enforce rights with respect to a borrower in which the Fund has invested, and those activities may have an adverse effect on the Fund. As a result, prices, availability, liquidity and terms of the Fund’s investments may be negatively impacted by the activities of the Adviser, the
Sub-Adviser
or their respective affiliates or their clients, and transactions for the Fund may be impaired or effected at prices or terms that may be less favorable than would otherwise have been the case.
The
Sub-Adviser
may have a conflict of interest in deciding whether to cause the Fund to incur leverage or to invest in more speculative investments or financial instruments, thereby potentially increasing the Investment Management and incentive fee payable by the Fund and, accordingly, the fees received by the
Sub-Adviser.
Certain other Advised Funds pay the
Sub-Adviser
or its affiliates greater performance-based compensation,
 
which could create an incentive for the
Sub-Adviser
or an affiliate to favor such investment fund or account over the Fund.
Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk—Allocation of Personnel
. The Fund’s executive officers, and the employees of the Adviser or
Sub-Adviser,
serve or may serve as officers, directors or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as the Fund or of investment funds or accounts managed by the Adviser, the
Sub-Adviser
or their respective affiliates. As a result, they may have obligations to investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which might not be in the best interests of the Fund or its Shareholders. Additionally, certain personnel of the Adviser and
Sub-Adviser
and their respective management may face conflicts in their time management and commitments.
Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk—Lack of Information Barriers
. By reason of the various activities of the Advisers and their affiliates, the Advisers and such affiliates may acquire confidential or material
non-public
information or otherwise be restricted from purchasing certain potential Fund investments that otherwise might have been purchased or be restricted from selling certain Fund investments that might otherwise have been sold at the time.
Portfolio Fair Value Risk
. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is required to carry its portfolio investments at market value or, if there is no readily available market value, at fair value. There is not a public market for the securities of the privately held companies in which the Fund may invest. Many of the Fund’s investments are not exchange-traded, but are, instead, traded on a privately negotiated OTC secondary market for institutional investors. The Adviser, as valuation designee, is responsible for the valuation of the Fund’s portfolio investments and implementing the portfolio valuation process set forth in the Adviser’s and the Fund’s valuation policy. Valuations of Fund investments are disclosed quarterly in reports publicly filed with the SEC. See “
Determination of Net Asset Value
.”
A high proportion of the Fund’s investments relative to its total investments are valued at fair value. Certain factors that may be considered in determining the fair value of the Fund’s investments include dealer quotes for securities traded on the OTC secondary market for institutional investors, the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio company’s earnings and its ability to make payments on its indebtedness, the markets in which the portfolio company does business, comparison to selected publicly-traded companies, discounted cash flow and other relevant factors. The factors and methodologies used for the valuation of such securities are not necessarily an indication of the risks associated with investing in those securities nor can it be assured that the Fund can realize the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security. Such valuations, and particularly valuations of private securities and private companies, are inherently uncertain, and they often reflect only periodic information received by the Adviser about such companies’ financial condition and/or business operations, which may be on a lagged basis and can be based on estimates. Determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if an exchange-traded market for these securities existed. Investments in private companies are typically governed by privately negotiated credit agreements and covenants, and reporting requirements contained in the agreements may result in a delay in reporting their financial position to lenders, which in turn may result in the Fund’s investments being valued on the basis of this reported information. Further, the Fund is offered on a daily basis and calculates a daily NAV per Share. The Adviser seeks to evaluate on a daily basis material information about the Fund’s portfolio companies; however, for the reasons noted herein, the Adviser may not be able to acquire and/or evaluate properly such information on a daily basis. Due to these various factors, the Adviser’s fair value determinations could cause the Fund’s NAV on a valuation day to materially differ from what it would have been had such information been fully incorporated. As a result, investors who purchase Shares may receive more or less Shares and investors who tender their Shares may receive more or less cash proceeds than they otherwise would receive.
Portfolio Turnover Risk
. The Fund’s annual portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year, as well as within a given year. However, portfolio turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the execution of investment decisions for the Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net short-term capital
 
gains by the Fund which, when distributed to the Fund and, ultimately, Shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. In addition, a higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund.
Cybersecurity Risks
. Cybersecurity incidents and cyber-attacks have been occurring globally at a more frequent and severe level and will likely continue to increase in frequency in the future. The Advisers face various security threats on a regular basis, including ongoing cyber security threats to and attacks on their information technology infrastructure that are intended to gain access to their proprietary information, destroy data or disable, or degrade or sabotage their systems. These security threats could originate from a wide variety of sources, including unknown third parties outside of the Advisers. Although neither the Adviser nor
Sub-Adviser
is currently aware that it has been subject to cyber-attacks or other cyber incidents which, individually or in the aggregate, have materially affected its operations or financial condition, there can be no assurance that the various procedures and controls utilized to mitigate these threats will be sufficient to prevent disruptions to its systems.
The Advisers’ and issuers’ information and technology systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from computer viruses, network failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and security breaches, usage errors by their respective professionals, power outages and catastrophic events such as fires, tornadoes, floods, hurricanes and earthquakes.
In addition, the Fund will heavily rely on the Advisers’ and third parties’ financial, accounting, information and other data processing systems. Any failure or interruption of those systems, including as a result of the termination of an agreement with any third- party service providers, could cause delays or other problems in the Fund’s activities. If any of these systems do not operate properly or are disabled for any reason or if there is any unauthorized disclosure of data, whether as a result of tampering, a breach of its network security systems, a cyber-incident or attack or otherwise, the Fund and/or the Advisers could suffer substantial financial loss, increased costs, a disruption of their businesses, liability to their investors, regulatory intervention or reputational damage. In addition, the Advisers operates in a business that is highly dependent on information systems and technology. The information systems and technology that the Advisers rely on may not continue to be able to accommodate their growth, and the cost of maintaining such systems may increase from its current level. Such a failure to accommodate growth, or an increase in costs related to such information systems, could have a material adverse effect on the Fund and/or the Advisers.
A cybersecurity incident could have numerous material adverse effects, including on the operations, liquidity and financial condition of the Fund. Cyber threats and/or incidents could cause financial costs from the theft of Fund assets (including proprietary information and intellectual property) as well as numerous unforeseen costs, including, but not limited to: litigation costs, preventative and protective costs, remediation costs and costs associated with reputational damage, any one of which could have a materially adverse effect on the Fund. There can be no guarantee that the Fund will be able to prevent or mitigate such incidents. If systems and measures to manage risks relating to these types of events, are compromised, become inoperable for extended periods of time or cease to function properly, the Advisers, the Fund and/or an issuer may have to make a significant investment to fix or replace them. The failure of these systems and/or of disaster recovery plans for any reason could cause significant interruptions in the Adviser’s, the Fund’s and/or an issuer’s operations and result in a failure to maintain the security, confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data, including personal information relating to potential investors and Shareholders (and the beneficial owners of potential investors and Shareholders).
In addition, the Fund or the Advisers may not be in a position to verify the risks or reliability of third parties with which the Fund’s and the Advisers’ operations interface with and/or depend on third parties, including the Fund’s administrator and other service providers. The Fund may suffer adverse consequences from actions, errors or failure to act by such third parties, and will have obligations, including indemnity obligations, and limited recourse against them.
Risks Relating to Funds RIC Status [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Risks Relating to Fund’s RIC Status
. Although the Fund intends to elect to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code, no assurance can be given that the Fund will be able to qualify for and maintain RIC status. If the Fund qualifies as a RIC under the Code, the Fund generally will not be subject to corporate-level federal income taxes on its income and capital gains that are timely distributed (or deemed distributed) as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to its Shareholders. To qualify as a RIC under the Code and to be relieved of federal taxes on income and gains distributed as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the Fund’s Shareholders, the Fund must, among o
the
r things, meet certain
source-of-income,
asset diversification and distribution requirements. The distribution requirement for a RIC is satisfied if the Fund distributes dividends each tax year for U.S. federal income tax purposes of an amount generally at least equal to 90% of the sum of its net ordinary income and net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses, if any, to the Fund’s Shareholders.
RICRelated Risks of Investments Generating NonCash Taxable Income [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
RIC-Related
Risks of Investments Generating
Non-Cash
Taxable Income
. Certain of the Fund’s investments will require the Fund to recognize taxable income in a tax year in excess of the cash generated on those investments during that year. In particular, the Fund expects to invest in loans and other debt instruments that will be treated as having “market discount” and/or original issue discount (“OID”) (such as debt instruments with PIK interest or, in certain cases, increasing interest rates or issued with equity or warrants) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Because the Fund may be required to recognize income in respect of these investments before, or without receiving, cash representing such income (e.g., PIK interest), the Fund may have difficulty satisfying the annual distribution requirements applicable to RICs and avoiding Fund-level U.S. federal income and/or excise taxes. Accordingly, the Fund may be required to sell assets, including at potentially disadvantageous times or prices, raise additional debt or equity capital, make taxable distributions of Shares or debt securities, or reduce new investments, to obtain the cash needed to make these income distributions. If the Fund liquidates assets to raise cash, the Fund may realize additional gain or loss on such liquidations. In the event the Fund realizes additional net capital gains from such liquidation transactions, Shareholders may receive larger capital gain distributions than it or they would in the absence of such transactions.
Instruments that are treated as having OID for U.S. federal income tax purposes may have unreliable valuations because their continuing accruals require judgments about the collectability of the deferred payments and the value of any collateral. Loans that are treated as having OID generally represent a significantly higher credit risk than coupon loans. Accruals on such instruments may create uncertainty about the source of Fund distributions to Shareholders. OID creates the risk of
non-refundable
cash payments to the Adviser based on accruals that may never be realized. In addition, the deferral of PIK interest also reduces a loan’s
loan-to-value
ratio at a compounding rate.
Uncertain Tax Treatment
. The Fund may invest a portion of its net assets in below investment grade instruments. Investments in these types of instruments may present special tax issues for the Fund. U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. These and other issues will be addressed by the Fund to the extent necessary in connection with the Fund’s intention to distribute sufficient income each tax year to minimize the risk that it becomes subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
Other Risks Related to Loans [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]
Other Risks Related to Loans
. Under the agreements governing most syndicated loans, should a holder of an interest in a syndicated loan wish to call a default or exercise remedies against a borrower, it could not do so without the agreement of at least a majority of the other lenders. Actions could also be taken by a majority of the other lenders, or in some cases, a single agent bank, without the consent of all lenders. Each lender would nevertheless be liable to indemnify the agent bank for its ratable share of expenses or other liabilities incurred in
 
such connection and, generally, with respect to the administration and any renegotiation or enforcement of the syndicated loans. Moreover, an assignee or participant in a loan may not be entitled to certain
gross-up
payments in respect of withholding taxes and other indemnities that otherwise might be available to the original holder of the loan.
Furthermore, the
Sub-Adviser
expects to invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in bank loans and participations. The special risks associated with these obligations include (i) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a fraudulent conveyance under relevant creditors’ rights laws, (ii) adverse consequences resulting from participating in such instruments with other institutions with lower credit quality and (iii) limitations on the ability of the Fund or the Adviser to directly enforce the Fund’s rights with respect to participations. The Fund will seek to balance the magnitude of these and other risks identified by it against the potential investment gain prior to entering into each such investment. Successful claims by third parties arising from these and other risks, absent bad faith, may be borne by the Fund. Bank loans are frequently traded on the basis of standardized documentation which is used in order to facilitate trading and market liquidity. There can be no assurance, however, that future levels of supply and demand in bank loan trading will provide an adequate degree of liquidity or that the current level of liquidity will continue or that the same documentation will be used in the future. The settlement of trading in bank loans often requires the involvement of third parties, such as administrative or syndication agents, and there presently is no central clearinghouse or authority which monitors or facilitates the trading or settlement of all bank loan trades. Often, settlement may be delayed based on the actions of any third party or counterparty, and adverse price movements may occur in the time between trade and settlement, which could result in adverse consequences for the Fund.
In recent years, a number of judicial decisions in the United States have upheld the right of borrowers to sue lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories (collectively termed “lender liability”). Generally, lender liability is founded upon the premise that an institutional lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith and fair dealing owed to a borrower or has assumed a degree of control over the borrower resulting in a creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or shareholders. Because of the nature of certain of the Fund’s investments, the Fund could be subject to allegations of lender liability.
The Fund may acquire interests in bank loans either directly (by way of sale or assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation). The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a contracting party under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, its rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution. Participation interests in a portion of a debt obligation typically result in a contractual relationship only with the institution participating out the interest and not with the borrower. In purchasing participations, the Fund typically will not have the right to vote on matters requiring a vote of holders of the underlying debt and may have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement, or any rights of
set-off
against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, if the Fund were to hold a participation, it would assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution selling the participation to the Fund. In certain circumstances, investing in the form of participation may be the most advantageous or only route for the Fund to make or hold any such investment, including in light of limitations relating to local laws or the willingness of administrative agents or borrowers to allow the Fund to become a direct lender.
Finally, loans may become
non-performing
for a variety of reasons.
Non-performing
debt obligations may require substantial workout negotiations, restructuring or bankruptcy filings that may entail a substantial reduction in the interest rate, deferral of payments and/or a substantial write-down of the principal of a loan or conversion of some or all of the debt to equity. Additional costs associated with these activities may reduce returns.
Unitranche Loans
. Unitranche loans provide leverage levels comparable to a combination of first lien and second lien or subordinated loans. From the perspective of a lender, in addition to making a single loan, a
 
unitranche loan may allow the lender to choose to participate in the “first out” tranche, which will generally receive priority with respect to payments of principal, interest and any other amounts due, or to choose to participate only in the “last out” tranche, which is generally paid after the “first out” tranche is paid. The Fund expects to participate in “first out” and “last out” tranches of unitranche loans and make single unitranche loans.
DIP Loans
. The Fund may invest in
debtor-in-possession
(“DIP”) loans. DIP loans involve a fundamental credit risk based on the borrower’s ability to make principal and interest payments and the inherent risks in the bankruptcy process. DIP loans are subject to a court approval process in which
parties-in-interest
may be heard but there can be no assurance that the Fund would be successful in obtaining favorable results. If the calculations of the
Sub-Adviser
as to the outcome or timing of a reorganization are inaccurate, a company that has filed for bankruptcy may not be able to make payments on a DIP loan on time or at all. In addition, DIP loans may be privately negotiated transactions, each of which has individualized terms. These positions may be illiquid and difficult to value. DIP loans may be subject to price volatility due to various factors including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates, market perception of the creditworthiness of the borrower and general market liquidity.
Investments in Middle-Market Companies
. Investments in middle-market companies such as those that the Fund may invest in, while often presenting greater opportunities for growth, may also entail larger risks than are customarily associated with investments in large companies. Middle-market companies may have more limited product lines, capitalization, markets and financial resources, and may be dependent on a smaller management group. As a result, such companies may be more vulnerable to general economic trends and to specific changes in markets and technology. In addition, future growth may be dependent on additional financing, which may not be available on acceptable terms when required. Furthermore, there is ordinarily a more limited marketplace for the sale of interests in smaller, private companies, which may make realizations of gains more difficult, by requiring sales to other private investors. In addition, the relative illiquidity of investments held by
closed-end
funds generally, and the somewhat greater illiquidity of
closed-end
fund investments in middle-market companies, could make it difficult for the Fund to react quickly to negative economic or political developments.
Investments in Less Established Companies
. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in the securities of less established companies. Certain of the investments may be in businesses with little or no operating history. Investments in such early-stage growth companies may involve greater risks than are generally associated with investments in more established companies. To the extent there is any public market for the securities held by the Fund, such securities may be subject to more abrupt and erratic market price movements than those of larger, more established companies. Less established companies tend to have lower capitalizations and fewer resources and are, therefore, often more vulnerable to financial failure. Such companies also may have shorter operating histories on which to judge future performance and in many cases, if operating, will have negative cash flow. There can be no assurance that any such losses will be offset by gains (if any) realized on the Fund’s other investments. In addition, less mature companies could be deemed to be more susceptible to irregular accounting or other fraudulent practices. In the event of fraud by any company in which the Fund invests, the Fund may suffer a partial or total loss of capital invested in that company.
The Fund may invest in issuers that: (i) have little or no operating history, (ii) offer services or products that are not yet ready to be marketed, (iii) are operating at a loss or have significant fluctuations in operating results, (iv) are engaged in a rapidly changing business or (v) need substantial additional capital to set up internal infrastructure, hire management and personnel, support expansion or achieve or maintain a competitive position. Such issuers may face intense competition, including competition from companies with greater financial resources, more extensive capabilities and a larger number of qualified managerial and technical personnel.
Investments in Special Situations.
The Fund may provide financing to companies involved in (or the target of) acquisition attempts or tender offers or companies involved in work-outs, liquidations, spin-offs, reorganizations, bankruptcies, and similar transactions. In any investment transaction involving any such type of business enterprise, there exists the risk that the transaction in which such business enterprise is involved either will be unsuccessful, will take considerable time or will result in a distribution of cash or a new security the value of
 
which will be less than the purchase price paid by the Fund of the security or other financial instrument in respect of which such distribution is received. Similarly, if such an anticipated transaction does not in fact occur, the Fund may lose all or a material portion of its investment. All of these events could have a material adverse effect on the value of the investments.
High Yield Debt
. The Fund expects to invest in debt securities that may be classified as “higher-yielding” (and, therefore, higher-risk) debt securities (also known as “junk bonds”). In most cases, such debt will be rated below “investment grade” or will be unrated and will face both ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions and the issuer’s failure to make timely interest and principal payments. The market for high yield securities (junk bonds) has experienced periods of volatility and reduced liquidity. High yield securities (junk bonds) may or may not be subordinated to certain other outstanding securities and obligations of the issuer, which may be secured by all or substantially all of the issuer’s assets. High yield securities (junk bonds) may also not be protected by financial covenants or limitations on additional indebtedness. The market values of certain of these debt securities may reflect individual corporate developments. General economic recession or a major decline in the demand for products and services in the industry in which the borrower operates would likely have a materially adverse impact on the value of such securities or could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default of such securities. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may also decrease the value and liquidity of these high yield debt securities (junk bonds).
Distressed Credit Investments
. The Fund’s distressed credit investments (e.g., investments in defaulted,
out-of-favor
or distressed bank loans and debt and equity securities) are inherently speculative and are subject to a high degree of risk. Companies experiencing financial distress are often those operating at a loss or with substantial variations in operating results from period to period. Companies experiencing financial distress may be involved in insolvency proceedings and have the need for substantial additional capital to support continued operations or to improve their financial condition and may have very high amounts of leverage. Distressed companies typically are in default under, or have a significant risk of an inability to service, their debt obligations, especially during an economic downturn or periods of rising interest rates, may not have access to more traditional methods of financing and may be unable to repay debt by refinancing. Investments in distressed companies may be premised on a turnaround strategy. If turnarounds are not achieved, these companies could experience failures or substantial declines in value, and the Fund may not be able to divest itself of such unprofitable investments in a timely fashion or at all. Additionally, turnarounds may not be achieved within the contemplated investment horizons.
The value of distressed instruments tends to be more volatile and may have an increased price sensitivity to changing interest rates and adverse economic and business developments than other securities or instruments. Distressed credit investments are often more sensitive to company-specific developments and changes in economic conditions than other securities. Furthermore, distressed debt instruments are often unsecured and may be subordinated to senior debt. Accordingly, an investment in the Fund should only be considered by persons who can afford a loss of their entire investment.
Mezzanine Investments
. Most of the Fund’s mezzanine investments (if any) are expected to be unsecured and made in companies whose capital structures have significant indebtedness ranking ahead of the investments, all or a significant portion of which may be secured. While the investments may benefit from the same or similar financial and other covenants as those enjoyed by the indebtedness ranking ahead of the investments and may benefit from cross-default provisions and security over the issuer’s assets, some or all of such terms may not be part of particular investments. Moreover, the ability of the Fund to influence an issuer’s affairs, especially during periods of financial distress or following an insolvency, is likely to be substantially less than that of senior creditors. Mezzanine investments generally are subject to various risks, including, without limitation: (i) a subsequent characterization of an investment as a “fraudulent conveyance”; (ii) the recovery as a “preference” of liens perfected or payments made on account of a debt in the 90 days before a bankruptcy filing; (iii) equitable
 
subordination claims by other creditors;
(iv) so-called
“lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations; and (v) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations.
Syndication
. The Fund may originate certain of its investments with the expectation of later syndicating a portion of such investments to third parties. Prior to such syndication, or if such syndication is not successful, the Fund’s exposure to the originated investment may exceed the exposure that the
Sub-Adviser
intended to have over the long-term or would have had had the Fund purchased such investment in the secondary market rather than originating it.
Use of Collateral
. Collateral for private credit investments may include a wide range of assets, including, but not limited to, assets and/or net income of companies, real estate, revenue streams, equity interests, fund interests, royalties of various types, rights to litigation proceeds, trade receivables, and derivative exposure to loans. To the extent the
Sub-Adviser
originates loans based partly upon the adequacy of the borrower’s collateral, an incorrect valuation of such collateral may result in unforeseen losses. The inherent uncertainty of the value of collateral may result in values that differ significantly from the values that can ultimately be obtained for such collateral. Even if collateral is initially valued correctly, changes in market conditions, regulations or other circumstances, or changes directly related to such collateral, may materially adversely affect the value thereof. In addition, there can be no assurance that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In the event of bankruptcy of a borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of the collateral securing an investment.
Under certain circumstances, collateral securing an investment may be released without the consent of the lender. Moreover, the lender’s security interest (with respect to investments in secured debt) may be unperfected for a variety of reasons, including the failure to make required filings by lenders and, as a result, the Fund may not have priority over other creditors as anticipated. First priority lien investments made by the lender may, in certain cases, provide a first priority lien over some, but not all, of the assets of the relevant borrower. The Fund may also invest in second-lien debt, high-yield securities, marketable and
non-marketable
common and preferred equity securities and other unsecured instruments each of which involves a higher degree of risk than senior first-lien secured debt, including the
re-use
and subsequent loss of collateral by the borrower. Furthermore, the Fund’s right to payment and its security interest, if any, may be subordinated to the payment rights and security interests of senior lenders (with respect to some or all of the assets of an issuer in which the Fund invests). Certain of these investments may have an interest-only payment schedule, with the principal amount remaining outstanding and at risk until the maturity of the investment. In such cases, the ability of the issuer to repay the principal in respect of the Fund’s investment may be dependent upon a liquidity event or the long-term success of the company, the occurrence of which is uncertain.
The terms of any derivative hedging arrangements entered into by the Fund may provide that related collateral given to, or received by, the Fund may be pledged, lent,
re-hypothecated,
or otherwise
re-used
by the collateral taker for its own purposes. If collateral received by the Fund is reinvested or otherwise
re-used,
the Fund is exposed to the risk of loss on that investment. Should such a loss occur, the value of the collateral will be reduced, and the Fund will have less protection if the counterparty defaults. Similarly, if the counterparty reinvests or otherwise
re-uses
collateral received from the Fund and suffers a loss as a result, it may not be in a position to return that collateral to the Fund should the relevant transaction complete, be unwound or otherwise terminate and the Fund is exposed to the risk of loss of the amount of collateral provided to the counterparty.
Asset-Backed Securities
. Asset-backed securities (“ABS”) are a form of structured debt obligation. In addition to the general risks associated with credit or debt securities discussed herein, ABS are subject to additional risks. While traditional fixed-income securities typically pay a fixed rate of interest until maturity, when the entire principal amount is due, an ABS represents an interest in a pool of assets, such as automobile loans, credit card receivables, unsecured consumer loans or student loans, that has been securitized and provides for monthly payments of interest, at a fixed or floating rate, and principal from the cash flow of these assets. This pool of assets (and any related assets of the issuing entity) is the only source of payment for the ABS. The ability of an
 
ABS issuer to make payments on the ABS, and the timing of such payments, is therefore dependent on collections on these underlying assets. The recoveries on the underlying collateral (if any) may not, in some cases, be sufficient to support payments on these securities, which may result in losses to investors in an ABS. In many circumstances, ABS are not secured by an interest in the related collateral. Credit card receivables, for example, are generally unsecured and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer loan laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due.
Generally, obligors may prepay the underlying assets in full or in part at any time, subjecting the Fund to prepayment risk related to the ABS it holds. While the expected repayment streams on ABS are determined by the contractual amortization schedules for the underlying assets, an investor’s yield to maturity on an ABS is uncertain and may be reduced by the rate and speed of prepayments of the underlying assets, which may be influenced by a variety of economic, social and other factors. Any prepayments, repurchases, purchases or liquidations of the underlying assets could shorten the average life of the ABS to an extent that cannot be fully predicted. Some ABS may be structured to include a period of rapid amortization triggered by events such as a significant rise in the default rate of the underlying collateral, a sharp drop in the credit enhancement level because of credit losses on the underlying assets, a specified regulatory event or the bankruptcy of the originator. A rapid amortization event will cause any revolving period to end earlier than expected and all collections on the underlying assets will be used to pay principal to investors earlier than expected. In general, the senior most securities will be paid prior to any payments being made on the subordinated securities, and if such payments are made earlier than expected, the Fund’s yield on such ABS may be negatively affected.
Mortgage-Backed Securities
. The Fund may from time to time to invest in pools or tranches of mortgage-backed securities (including commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”). The collateral underlying mortgage-backed securities generally consists of commercial mortgages or real property that has a residential, multifamily or commercial use, such as retail space, office buildings, warehouse property and hotels. CMBS have been issued in a variety of issuances, with varying structures including senior and subordinated classes. The commercial mortgages underlying CMBS generally have shorter maturities than residential mortgages, allow all or a substantial portion of the loan balance to be paid at maturity, commonly known as a “balloon payment,” and are usually
non-recourse
against the commercial borrower. Investments in CMBS are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including credit, market, interest rate, structural and legal risks. These risks may be magnified by volatility in the credit and commercial real estate markets. The investment characteristics of CMBS differ from traditional debt securities in a number of respects, and are similar to the characteristics of structured credit products in which investors participate through a trust or other similar conduit arrangement. Commercial mortgage loans are obligations of the borrowers thereunder and are not typically insured or guaranteed by any other person or entity. While the Fund intends to vigorously analyze and underwrite its CMBS investments from a fundamental real estate perspective, there can be no assurance that underwriting practices will yield their desired results, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to effectively achieve its investment objective or that expected returns will be achieved.
In general, if prevailing interest rates fall significantly below the interest rates on the related mortgage loans, the rate of prepayment on the underlying mortgage loans would be expected to increase. Conversely, if prevailing interest rates rise to a level significantly above the interest rates on the related mortgages, the rate of prepayment would be expected to decrease, which could reduce the returns on certain mortgage-backed securities in which the Fund may invest. In addition, rising rates may increase the frequency of defaults on certain floating-rate mortgage-backed securities.
Credit Agency Risk
. Credit ratings are determined by credit rating agencies and are only the opinions of such entities. Ratings assigned by a rating agency are not absolute standards of credit quality and do not evaluate market risk or the liquidity of securities. In addition, rating agencies attempt to evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments and do not evaluate the risks of fluctuations in market value. Therefore, such credit ratings may not fully reflect the true risks of an investment. Also, rating agencies may fail to make timely changes to
 
their credit ratings in response to subsequent events and an obligor’s current financial condition may be better or worse than a rating indicates. Any shortcomings or inefficiencies in credit rating agencies’ processes for determining credit ratings may adversely affect the credit ratings of securities held by the Fund or such credit rating agencies ability to evaluate creditworthiness, and, as a result, may adversely affect those securities’ perceived or actual credit risk.
Collateralized Loan Obligations
. In the case of most CLOs, the structured finance securities are issued in multiple tranches, offering investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics, often categorized as senior, mezzanine and subordinated/equity according to their degree of risk. If there are defaults or the relevant collateral otherwise underperforms, scheduled payments to senior tranches of such securities take precedence over those of mezzanine tranches, and scheduled payments to mezzanine tranches have a priority in right of payment to subordinated/equity tranches.
In light of the above, CLOs may therefore present risks similar to those of other types of debt obligations and, in fact, such risks may be of greater significance in the case of CLOs depending upon the Fund’s ranking in the capital structure. In certain cases, losses may equal the total amount of the Fund’s principal investment. Investments in structured vehicles, including equity and junior debt securities issued by CLOs, involve risks, including credit risk and market risk. Changes in interest rates and credit quality may cause significant price fluctuations.
In addition to the general risks associated with investing in debt securities, CLO securities carry additional risks, including: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral assets will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) investments in CLO equity and junior debt tranches will likely be subordinate in right of payment to other senior classes of CLO debt; and (iv) the complex structure of a particular security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results. Additionally, changes in the collateral held by a CLO may cause payments on the instruments held by the Fund to be reduced, either temporarily or permanently. CLOs also may be subject to prepayment risk. Further, the performance of a CLO may be adversely affected by a variety of factors, including the security’s priority in the capital structure of the issuer thereof, the availability of any credit enhancement, the level and timing of payments and recoveries on and the characteristics of the underlying receivables, loans or other assets that are being securitized, remoteness of those assets from the originator or transferor, the adequacy of and ability to realize upon any related collateral and the capability of the servicer of the securitized assets. There are also the risks that the trustee of a CLO does not properly carry out its duties to the CLO, potentially resulting in loss to the CLO. In addition, the complex structure of the security may produce unexpected investment results, especially during times of market stress or volatility.
Investing in securities of CLOs involves the possibility of investments being subject to potential losses arising from material misrepresentation or omission on the part of borrowers whose loans make up the assets of such entities. Such inaccuracy or incompleteness may adversely affect the valuation of the receivables or may adversely affect the ability of the relevant entity to perfect or effectuate a lien on the collateral securing its assets. The CLOs in which the Fund invests will rely upon the accuracy and completeness of representations made by the underlying borrowers to the extent reasonable, but cannot guarantee such accuracy or completeness. The quality of the Fund’s investments in CLOs is subject to the accuracy of representations made by the underlying borrowers. In addition, the Fund is subject to the risk that the systems used by the originators of CLOs to control for accuracy are defective. Under certain circumstances, payments to the Fund may be reclaimed if any such payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance or a preferential payment.
To the extent underlying default rates with respect to the securities in which the Fund invests occur or otherwise increase, the performance of the Fund’s investments may be adversely affected. The rate of defaults and losses on debt instruments will be affected by a number of factors, including global, regional and local economic conditions in the area where the borrower operates, the financial circumstances of the borrower as well as the general market conditions. A decline in global markets (or any particular
sub-market
thereof) may result in
 
higher delinquencies and/or defaults as borrowers may not be able to repay or refinance their outstanding debt obligations when due for a variety of reasons, which may adversely affect the performance of the Fund’s investments.
CLOs typically will have no significant assets other than the assets underlying such CLOs, including, but not limited to, secured loans, leveraged loans, project finance loans, unsecured loans, cash collateralized letters of credit and other asset-backed obligations, and/or instruments (each of which may be listed or unlisted and in bearer or registered form) that serve as collateral. Payments on the CLO securities are and will be payable solely from the cash flows from the collateral, net of all management fees and other expenses.
The failure by a CLO in which the Fund invests to satisfy financial covenants, including with respect to adequate collateralization and/or interest coverage tests, could lead to a reduction in its payments to the Fund. In the event that a CLO fails certain tests, holders of CLO senior debt may be entitled to additional payments that would, in turn, reduce the payments the Fund would otherwise be entitled to receive. Separately, the Fund may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants, with a defaulting CLO or any other investment the Fund may make. If any of these occur, it could materially and adversely affect the Fund’s returns.
Issuers may be subject to management, administration and incentive or performance fees. Payment of such additional fees will adversely impact on the returns achieved by the Fund.
The Fund may hold securities that are in a first loss or subordinated position with respect to realized losses on the collateral of its issuers. The leveraged nature of CLOs, in particular, magnifies the adverse impact of loan defaults. CLO investments represent a leveraged investment with respect to the underlying loans. Therefore, changes in the market value of the CLO investments could be greater than the change in the market value of the underlying loans, which are subject to credit, liquidity and interest rate risk.
The Fund’s investments and the assets that collateralize them may prepay more quickly than expected and have an impact on the value of the Fund. Prepayment rates are influenced by changes in interest rates and a variety of factors beyond the Fund’s control and consequently cannot be accurately predicted. Early prepayments give rise to increased
re-investment
risk, as the Fund or a CLO collateral manager might realize excess cash from prepayments earlier than expected. If the Fund or a CLO collateral manager is unable to reinvest such cash in a new investment with an expected rate of return at least equal to that of the investment repaid, this may reduce net income and the fair value of that asset.
The Fund is expected to rely on CLO collateral managers to administer and review the portfolios of collateral they manage. The actions of the CLO collateral managers may significantly affect the return on investments. The ability of each CLO collateral manager to identify and report on issues affecting its securitization portfolio on a timely basis could also affect the return on investments, as the Fund may not be provided with information on a timely basis in order to take appropriate measures to manage its risks. The Fund is also expected to rely on CLO collateral managers to act in the best interests of a CLO it manages. If any CLO collateral manager were to act in a manner that was not in the best interest of the CLOs (e.g., gross negligence, with reckless disregard or in bad faith), this could adversely impact the overall performance of investments.
There could in the future be circumstances when uncertainty exists with respect to the roles of certain parties in respect of the issuers of the securities in which the Fund invests. Various issues may arise for which there may not be a clear answer in the transaction documents of such issuers, such as, for example only, whether the trustee is obligated to actively search for breaches of representations and warranties, whether holders of the issuer’s securities should be allowed access to all deal documents and whether principal forgiveness should be treated as a realized loss. The manner in which these open issues are resolved, specifically those which impact the receipt and allocation of underlying cash flows and losses, could adversely impact the Fund’s current and future investments in issuers.
 
The failure of servicers to effectively service the loans underlying certain of the investments held by the Fund could materially and adversely affect the Fund. Most securitizations of loans require a servicer to manage collections on each of the underlying loans. Both default frequency and default severity of loans may depend upon the quality of the servicer. If servicers are not vigilant in encouraging borrowers to make their monthly payments, the borrowers may be far less likely to make these payments, which could result in a higher frequency of default. If servicers take longer to liquidate
non-performing
assets, loss severities may tend to be higher than originally anticipated. The failure of servicers to effectively service the receivables underlying certain assets in the Fund’s investments could negatively impact the value of its investments and its performance. Servicer quality is of prime importance in the default performance of certain personal loans. Servicers may go out of business which would require a transfer of servicing to another servicer. Such transfers take time and loans may become delinquent because of confusion or lack of attention. Servicers may be required to advance interest on delinquent loans to the extent the servicer deems those advances recoverable. In the event the servicer does not advance, interest may be interrupted even on more senior securities. Servicers may also advance more than is in fact recoverable once a defaulted loan is disposed, and the loss to the Fund may be greater than the outstanding principal balance of that loan (greater than 100% loss severity). For securitizations with corporate loans, the collateral manager’s role in reinvestment of principal amortization in performing credits and with respect to loans that default, as well as its ability to actively manage the portfolio through trading, will have a significant impact on the value of the underlying collateral and the performance of its securitization. If the collateral manager reinvests proceeds into loans which then default, does not sell loans before such loans default close to the original purchase price or does not effectively contribute to a restructuring process to maximize value of the loan the securitization owns, the collateral manager could materially and adversely impact the Fund’s investments.
The Fund’s investment strategy with respect to certain investments (or types of investments) may be based, in part, upon the premise that interests in issuers and/or an issuer’s underlying collateral that are otherwise performing may from time to time be available for participation by the Fund at “discounted” rates or at “undervalued” prices. Purchasing debt instruments and/or other interests at what may appear to be “undervalued” or “discounted” levels is no guarantee that these investments will generate attractive risk-adjusted returns to the Fund or will not be subject to further reductions in value. For reasons not necessarily attributable to any of the risks set forth herein (for example, supply/demand imbalances or other market forces), the prices of the debt instruments and other securities in which the Fund invests may decline substantially. In particular, purchasing debt instruments or other assets at what may appear to be “undervalued” or “discounted” levels is no guarantee that these assets will not be trading at even lower levels at a time of valuation or at the time of sale. It may not be possible to predict such “spread widening” risk. Additionally, the perceived discount in pricing from previous environments described herein may still not reflect the true value of the collateral assets underlying debt instruments in which the Fund invests.
The fair value of investments may be significantly affected by changes in interest rates. Investments in senior-secured loans through CLOs are sensitive to interest rate levels and volatility. Although CLOs are generally structured to mitigate the risk of interest rate mismatch, there may be some difference between the timing of interest rate resets on the assets and liabilities of a CLO. Such a mismatch in timing could have a negative effect on the amount of funds distributed to CLO investors, including the Fund. In addition, CLOs may not be able to enter into hedge agreements, even if it may otherwise be in the best interests of the CLO to hedge such interest rate risk. Furthermore, in the event of a significant rising interest rate environment and/or economic downturn, loan defaults may increase and result in credit losses that may adversely affect the Fund’s cash flow, fair value of its assets and operating results.
The senior-secured loans underlying CLOs typically have floating interest rates. A rising interest rate environment may increase loan defaults, resulting in losses for the CLOs and the Fund. Further, a general rise in interest rates will increase the financing costs of the CLOs. However, since many of the senior secured loans within these CLOs have floors based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) or another reference rate, there may not be corresponding increases in investment income constraining distributions to investors in these CLOs. CLOs typically obtain financing at a floating rate based on SOFR or another reference rate.
 
CLOs are typically actively managed by an investment manager, and as a result the interests therein are traded, subject to credit rating agency and other constraints, by such investment manager. The aggregate return on the CLO equity securities will depend in part upon the ability of each investment manager to actively manage the issuer’s portfolio of assets. Additionally, CLOs may be negatively impacted by rating agency actions, and if the securities issued by, or the portfolio securities of, a CLO are downgraded, the Fund’s investment may decline in value. It is possible that an affiliate of the Fund may participate (in certain instances) in the review and approval of the initial collateral selection of the Fund’s issuers as well as any collateral additions to the portfolio. In times of market stress, valuation of CLO securities may reflect wide
bid-ask
spreads from numerous valuation sources and be subject to good faith valuations. However, the exercise of control over an issuer could expose the assets of the Fund to claims by such issuer, its investors and its creditors. While the
Sub-Adviser
intends to manage the Fund in a manner that will minimize the exposure of these risks, the possibility of successful claims cannot be precluded.
Between the closing date and the effective date of a CLO, the CLO collateral manager will generally expect to purchase additional collateral obligations for the CLO. During this period, the price and availability of these collateral obligations may be adversely affected by a number of market factors, including price volatility and availability of investments suitable for the CLO, which could hamper the ability of the collateral manager to acquire a portfolio of collateral obligations that will satisfy specified concentration limitations and allow the CLO to reach the target initial par amount of collateral prior to the effective date. An inability or delay in reaching the target initial par amount of collateral may adversely affect the timing and amount of interest or principal payments received by the holders of the CLO debt securities and distributions on the CLO equity securities and could result in early redemptions which may cause CLO debt and equity investors, including the Fund, to receive less than face value of their investment.
Class A [Member]  
Fee Table [Abstract]  
Sales Load [Percent] 3.00% [1]
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] 2.00% [2]
Management Fees [Percent] 1.33% [3],[4]
Dividend and Interest Expenses on Short Sales [Percent] 2.10% [3],[5]
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.60% [3],[6]
Incentive Fees [Percent] 0.00% [3],[7]
Loan Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.25% [3],[8]
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] 1.00% [3],[9]
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] 5.28% [3]
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] (0.33%) [3],[10]
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] 4.95% [3],[10]
Expense Example, Year 01 $ 78
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 178
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 280
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 $ 532
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]  
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] Class A Shares
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | shares 0
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | shares 0
Class D [Member]  
Fee Table [Abstract]  
Sales Load [Percent] 3.50% [1]
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] 2.00% [2]
Management Fees [Percent] 1.33% [3],[4]
Dividend and Interest Expenses on Short Sales [Percent] 2.10% [3],[5]
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.25% [3],[6]
Incentive Fees [Percent] 0.00% [3],[7]
Loan Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.25% [3],[8]
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] 1.00% [3],[9]
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] 4.93% [3]
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] (0.33%) [3],[10]
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] 4.60% [3],[10]
Expense Example, Year 01 $ 80
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 172
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 268
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 $ 509
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]  
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] Class D Shares
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | shares 0
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | shares 0
Class I [Member]  
Fee Table [Abstract]  
Sales Load [Percent] 0.00% [1]
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] 2.00% [2]
Management Fees [Percent] 1.33% [3],[4]
Dividend and Interest Expenses on Short Sales [Percent] 2.10% [3],[5]
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.00% [3],[6]
Incentive Fees [Percent] 0.00% [3],[7]
Loan Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.00% [3],[8]
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] 1.00% [3],[9]
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] 4.43% [3]
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] (0.33%) [3],[10]
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] 4.10% [3],[10]
Expense Example, Year 01 $ 41
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 128
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 219
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 $ 452
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]  
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] Class I Shares
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | shares 0
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | shares 10,000,000
Class I S [Member]  
Fee Table [Abstract]  
Sales Load [Percent] 0.00% [1]
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] 2.00% [2]
Management Fees [Percent] 1.33% [3],[4]
Dividend and Interest Expenses on Short Sales [Percent] 2.10% [3],[5]
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.00% [3],[6]
Incentive Fees [Percent] 0.00% [3],[7]
Loan Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.25% [3],[8]
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] 1.00% [3],[9]
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] 4.68% [3]
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] (0.33%) [3],[10]
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] 4.35% [3],[10]
Expense Example, Year 01 $ 44
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 135
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 230
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 $ 472
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]  
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] Class IS Shares
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | shares 0
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | shares 0
Class A With No Leverage [Member]  
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]  
Management Fees [Percent] 1.00% [4]
Dividend and Interest Expenses on Short Sales [Percent] 0.00% [5]
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.60% [6]
Incentive Fees [Percent] 0.00% [7]
Loan Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.25% [8]
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] 1.00% [9]
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] 2.85%
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] 0.00% [10]
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] 2.85% [10]
Class D With No Leverage [Member]  
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]  
Management Fees [Percent] 1.00% [4]
Dividend and Interest Expenses on Short Sales [Percent] 0.00% [5]
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.25% [6]
Incentive Fees [Percent] 0.00% [7]
Loan Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.25% [8]
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] 1.00% [9]
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] 2.50%
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] 0.00% [10]
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] 2.50% [10]
Class I With No Leverage [Member]  
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]  
Management Fees [Percent] 1.00% [4]
Dividend and Interest Expenses on Short Sales [Percent] 0.00% [5]
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.00% [6]
Incentive Fees [Percent] 0.00% [7]
Loan Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.00% [8]
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] 1.00% [9]
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] 2.00%
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] 0.00% [10]
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] 2.00% [10]
Class IS With No Leverage [Member]  
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]  
Management Fees [Percent] 1.00% [4]
Dividend and Interest Expenses on Short Sales [Percent] 0.00% [5]
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.00% [6]
Incentive Fees [Percent] 0.00% [7]
Loan Servicing Fees [Percent] 0.25% [8]
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] 1.00% [9]
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] 2.25%
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] 0.00% [10]
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] 2.25% [10]
[1] Investors purchasing Class A Shares may be charged a front-end sales load of up to 3.00% of the investor’s purchase. Investors purchasing Class D Shares may be charged a front-end sales load of up to 3.50% of the investor’s purchase. The table assumes the maximum sales load is charged. The Distributor may, in its discretion, waive all or a portion of the sales load for certain investors. While Class I and Class IS Shares do not charge a front-end sales load, if you purchase Class I or Class IS Shares through certain Financial Intermediaries, such Financial Intermediaries may directly charge you transaction or other fees in such amount as they may determine. Please consult your financial firm for additional information. See “Purchase of Shares” and “Plan of Distribution.”
[2] A 2.00% early repurchase fee payable to the Fund will be charged with respect to the repurchase of an investor’s Shares at any time prior to the day immediately preceding the one-year anniversary of an investor’s purchase of the Shares (on a “first in-first out” basis) (“Early Repurchase Fee”). An Early Repurchase Fee payable by an investor may be waived by the Fund, in circumstances where the Board determines that doing so is in the best interests of the Fund and that will not discriminate unfairly against any investor. The Early Repurchase Fee will be retained by the Fund for the benefit of the remaining investors. See “Share Repurchase Program.”
[3] Assuming estimated average net assets for the Fund of $100 million plus leverage of $33 million during the Fund’s first twelve months of operations. Actual expenses will depend on the number of Shares the Fund sells in this offering and the amount of leverage the Fund employs, if any. There can be no assurance that the Fund will obtain $100 million of inflows during the following twelve months or be able to obtain leverage. In order to illustrate the costs associated with the Fund’s intended leveraging strategy, and the fees and expenses the Fund will bear as it implements it leveraging strategy, the table below sets forth the Fund’s expenses with respect to each class of Shares if the Fund does not use leverage:
[4] The Management Fee paid by the Fund is calculated at the annual rate of 1.00% of the Fund’s gross assets, which includes assets purchased with borrowed money. The table above assumes that the Fund borrows money for investment purposes at an average amount of 33% of its net assets (i.e., gross assets are expected to be 133% of net assets). If the Fund borrows to a lesser extent or not at all, the Management Fee would decrease as a percentage of Fund net assets. See Summary of Terms — Leverage.
[5] These expenses represent estimated interest payments the Fund expects to incur in connection with its expected credit facility and short sales during the current fiscal year. See Summary of Terms — Leverage. The amount shown in the table above is based on the assumption that the Fund borrows money for investment purposes at an average amount of 33% of its net assets.
[6] Class A Shares will pay to the Distributor a distribution fee that will accrue at an annual rate equal to 0.60% of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of each applicable month attributable to Class A Shares. Class D Shares will pay to the Distributor a distribution fee that will accrue at an annual rate equal to 0.25% of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of each applicable month attributable to Class D Shares (as applicable, the “Distribution Fee”). See “Plan of Distribution”.
[7] The Fund may have net investment income that could result in the payment of an incentive fee in the first year of investment operations. However, the Incentive Fee is based on the Fund’s performance and will not be paid unless the Fund achieves certain performance targets. The Fund expects the Incentive Fee the Fund pays to increase to the extent the Fund earns greater income. The Incentive Fee, calculated and payable quarterly in arrears, is determined for each share class as follows: (i) no Incentive Fee is payable for any calendar quarter in which the class’s Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income does not exceed 1.50% of that class’s beginning-of-quarter NAV (the “Hurdle Amount”); (ii) 100% of the class’s Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income that exceeds the Hurdle Amount but is less than 1.765% of NAV (the “Catch-Up Amount”) is payable to the Adviser, so that the cumulative Incentive Fee for the quarter equals 15% of the class’s total Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income once the Catch-Up Amount is reached; and (iii) 15% of the class’s Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income that exceeds 1.765% of NAV in the quarter is payable to the Adviser. As one cannot predict whether the Fund will meet the necessary performance targets, the tables above assume no incentive fee. Once fully invested, incentive fees may accrue to the extent the Fund earns net investment income. For example, if the Fund achieves net investment income of 1.5% of NAV for a quarter, no incentive fees would be payable because the Hurdle Amount was not exceeded. If instead the Fund achieved net investment income of 2.5% of net assets in a quarter, an incentive fee equal to approximately 0.375% of Fund net assets would be payable. See “Investment Management Fee and Incentive Fee — Incentive Fee” for more information concerning the incentive fees.
[8] Class A, Class D, and Class IS Shares charges a shareholder services fee of up to 0.25% per year (the “Shareholder Services Fee”) under the Administration Agreement with The Lincoln National Life Insurance Company. Such services include, but are not limited to, responding to operational inquiries from Shareholders; processing purchase, redemption and exchange orders with the Fund’s transfer agent; and providing Shareholders with automatic investment services, including investments in Fund.
[9] Other expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year and include accounting, custody, transfer agency, legal, valuation agent, pricing vendor and auditing fees of the Fund and fees payable to the Independent Trustees, as well as payments to the Administrator to provide or procure administrative and support services and corporate-level services under the Administration Agreement with The Lincoln National Life Insurance Company.
[10] The Adviser and the Fund have entered into the Expense Limitation Agreement under which the Adviser has agreed contractually to pay, absorb or reimburse certain expenses of the Fund to limit the Fund’s Operating Expenses, calculated and reimbursed on a Class-by-Class basis in respect of each of Class A, Class D, Class I, and Class IS with the exception of (i) interest, taxes, dividends tied to short sales, and brokerage commissions; (ii) underlying fund fees and expenses; (iii) other expenses attributable to, and incurred as a result of, the Fund’s investments; (iv) Incentive Fees; and (v) extraordinary expenses (including litigation expenses) not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business (as determined in the discretion of the Adviser), to no more than 2.85%, 2.50%, 2.00%, and 2.25% for Class A, Class D, Class I, and Class IS Shares, respectively, on an annualized basis, of the Fund’s average daily net assets (the “Operating Expense Limit”). In consideration of the Adviser’s agreement to reimburse certain of the Fund’s expenses, the Fund has agreed to repay the Adviser a Reimbursement Amount in respect of each of Class A, Class D, Class I, and Class IS for three years after a reimbursement, subject to the limitation that a reimbursement will be made only if and to the extent that the Fund is able to effect such payments to the Adviser and remain in compliance with: (i) the Operating Expense Limit in effect at the time the waiver or payment of the Reimbursement Amount occurred and (ii) the Operating Expense Limit in effect at the time such reimbursement is sought. The Expense Limitation Agreement will remain in effect through August 1, 2027, unless and until the Board approves its modification or termination. Thereafter, the Expense Limitation Agreement shall renew automatically for one year terms unless the Adviser provides written notice of termination of the Agreement to the Fund at least ten (10) days prior to the end of the then current term. See “Fund Expenses—Expense Limitation Agreement” for additional information.