As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 4, 2025

Registration No. 333-      

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

CID HoldCo, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

5661 S Cameron St, Suite 100,
Las Vegas, Nevada 89118
(303)-332-4122

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Edmund Nabrotzky

Chief Executive Officer

5661 S Cameron St, Suite 100,
Las Vegas, Nevada 89118

(303)-332-4122

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

DLA Piper LLP

One Atlantic Center

1201 West Peachtree Street, Suite 2900

Atlanta, GA 30309

Attention: Gerry Williams

Penny J. Minna

(404) 736-7891

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. Neither we nor the Selling Securityholders may sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED SEPTEMBER 4, 2025

Preliminary Prospectus

CID HoldCo, Inc.

Up to 29,701,559 shares of Common Stock (for resale)

655,000 Warrants to Purchase shares of Common Stock (for resale)

Up to 15,654,983 shares of Common Stock Issuable upon Exercise of the Warrants (for issuance)

This prospectus relates to the offer and sale from time to time of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), by the selling security holders identified in this prospectus (including their transferees, donees, pledgees and other successors-in-interest) (the “Selling Securityholders”) of: (1) up to 29,701,559 shares of Common Stock (the “Total Resale Shares”), including (i) 11,522,565 shares of Common Stock which shares were originally issued to certain SEE ID Equityholders (as defined herein) in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination as merger consideration at an equity consideration value of $10.00 per share; (ii) up to 7,365,834 shares of Common Stock (the “Founder Shares”) issued in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, originally issued in a private placement to ShoulderUp Technology Sponsor LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Sponsor”); (iii) up to 1,310,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Private Placement Shares”) originally issued in a private placement to the Sponsor as part of the private placement units (the “Private Placement Units”) at a price of $10.00 per Private Placement Unit; (iv) up to 3,323,536 shares of Common Stock (the “PIPE Shares”) originally issued in a private placement to certain investors pursuant to the PIPE Subscription Agreements (as defined below) at price of $4.00 per share; (v) up to 5,524,624 New Circle Shares issuable pursuant to the ELOC Agreement (as defined herein), comprised of (a) 85,995 shares issuable to New Circle (the “Commitment Shares”), based on the commitment fee of $350,000 to be calculated using the market value of the closing price of the Common Stock on the date this Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC, and (b) 5,438,629 shares of Common Stock (the “ELOC Shares” and together with the Commitment Shares, the “New Circle Shares”) that we may, in our sole discretion, elect to issue and sell to New Circle, from time to time after the date of this prospectus, as part of the Total Commitment (as defined herein) pursuant to (and limited by the terms of) the ELOC Agreement; (vi) up to 655,000 shares of Common Stock that are issuable by us upon the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants (as defined below) following the public resale of the Private Placement Warrants by the Selling Securityholders; and (2) up to 655,000 Private Placement Warrants originally issued to the Sponsor as part of the Private Placement Units in a private placement at a price of $10.00 per Private Placement Unit, currently exercisable at a price of $11.50 per share.

In addition, this prospectus also relates to the issuance by us of up to 15,654,983 shares of Common Stock consisting of (1) up to 14,999,983 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of 14,999,983 public warrants, originally issued by ShoulderUp Technology Acquisition Corp. (“SUAC”) as part of its initial public offering (the “IPO”) of units at a price of $10.00 per unit, such units were comprised of one Class A common stock of SUAC and one-half of one redeemable warrant, which are currently exercisable at a price of $11.50 per share of our Common Stock (the “Public Warrants”); and (2) up to 655,000 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of 655,000 private warrants originally issued to the Sponsor as part of the Private Placement Units sold to the Sponsor in a private placement at a price of $10.00 per unit consummated concurrently with SUAC’s initial public offering, with each private warrant currently exercisable at a price of $11.50 per share (the “Private Placement Warrants” and together with the Public Warrants, the “Warrants”). All of the Warrants were assumed by us in connection with the Business Combination (as defined below).

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of our Common Stock or Warrants by the Selling Securityholders pursuant to this prospectus, except with respect to amounts received by us upon exercise of the Warrants to the extent such Warrants are exercised for cash, which amount of aggregate proceeds, assuming the exercise of all Warrants for cash, could be up to approximately $180,032,304. We believe the likelihood that Warrant holders will exercise their Warrants, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds that we would receive, is dependent upon the market price of our Common Stock (as defined below). If the market price for our Common Stock is less than $11.50 per share, we believe the Warrant holders will be less likely to exercise their Warrants. We will pay the expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses incurred by the Selling Securityholders for brokerage, accounting, tax or legal services or any other expenses incurred by the Selling Securityholders in disposing of the securities, associated with the sale of securities pursuant to this prospectus.

Our registration of the securities covered by this prospectus does not mean that either we or the Selling Securityholders will issue, offer or sell, as applicable, any of the securities. The Selling Securityholders may offer and sell the securities covered by this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. Please see “Plan of Distribution” for more information. In addition, certain of the securities being registered hereby are subject to vesting and/or transfer restrictions that may prevent the Selling Securityholders from offering or selling of such securities upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See “Description of Securities” for more information.

You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement or amendment carefully before you invest in our securities. Our Common Stock and Warrants are traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbol “DAIC” and “DAIC.W”, respectively. On September 4, 2025, the last reported sale price of our Common Stock on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC was $4.07 per share, and the closing price of our Public Warrants was $0.1699 per Public Warrant.

In connection with the Business Combination, holders of 2,000 SUAC Public Shares (as defined below) exercised their right to redeem those shares for cash at a price of approximately $11.00 per share, for an aggregate price of approximately $22,019, which represented approximately .39% of the total SUAC Public Shares then outstanding. The Total Resale Shares being offered for resale in this prospectus represent 107.47% of our current total outstanding Common Stock. The Total Resale Shares represent a substantial percentage of our total outstanding Common Stock as of the date of this prospectus. Additionally, if all of the Private Placement Warrants are exercised, the Selling Securityholders would own an additional 655,000 shares of Common Stock, representing an additional 2.37% of the then total outstanding Common Stock. The sale of all securities being offered in this prospectus could result in a significant decline in the public trading price of our Common Stock. Even if the current trading price of the Common Stock is close to the price at which the units were issued in SUAC’s initial public offering, the Selling Securityholders have an incentive to sell because they will still profit on sales due to the lower price at which they purchased their shares compared to the public investors. The public securityholders may not experience a similar rate of return on the securities they purchase due to differences in the purchase prices and the current trading price.

We are an “emerging growth company” under federal securities laws and are subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. Investing in our Common Stock involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 7 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities, or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is September          , 2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized any dealer, salesperson or other person to provide you with information about the Company, except for the information contained in this prospectus. The information contained in this prospectus is complete and accurate only as of the date on the front cover page of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or the sale of any securities. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted. The information contained in this prospectus may change after the date of this prospectus. Do not assume after the date of this prospectus that the information contained in this prospectus is still correct.

For investors outside the United States: We have not done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, from time to time, we and the Selling Securityholders may offer and sell the securities offered by them described in this prospectus in one or more offerings from time to time through any means described in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.” We may use the shelf registration statement to issue shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrants. We will receive proceeds from any exercise of the Warrants for cash. We may use the shelf registration statement to issue up to an aggregate of 15,654,983 shares of our Common Stock issuable by us consisting of (1) up to 14,999,983 Public Warrants; and (2) up to 655,000 Private Placement Warrants.

The Selling Securityholders may use the shelf registration statement to sell up to: 29,701,559 Total Resale Shares, including (i) 11,522,565 shares of Common Stock which shares were originally issued to certain SEE ID Equityholders in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination as merger consideration at an equity consideration value of $10.00 per share; (ii) up to 7,365,834 Founder Shares issued in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, originally issued in a private placement to ShoulderUp Technology Sponsor LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Sponsor”); (iii) up to 1,310,000 Private Placement Shares originally issued in a private placement to the Sponsor as part of the Private Placement Units at a price of $10.00 per Private Placement Unit; (iv) up to 3,323,536 PIPE Shares originally issued in a private placement to certain investors pursuant to the PIPE Subscription Agreements at price of $4.00 per share; (v) up to 5,524,624 New Circle Shares issuable pursuant to the ELOC Agreement comprised of (a) 85,995 Commitment Shares issuable to New Circle, based on the commitment fee of $350,000 to be calculated using the market value of the closing price of the Common Stock on the date this Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC, and (b) 5,438,629 ELOC Shares that we may, in our sole discretion, elect to issue and sell to New Circle, from time to time after the date of this prospectus, as part of the Total Commitment pursuant to (and limited by the terms of) the ELOC Agreement; (vi) up to 655,000 shares of Common Stock that are issuable by us upon the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants (as defined below) following the public resale of the Private Placement Warrants by the Selling Securityholders; and (2) up to 655,000 Private Placement Warrants originally issued to the Sponsor as part of the Private Placement Units in a private placement at a price of $10.00 per Private Placement Unit, currently exercisable at a price of $11.50 per share. Additional information about any offering may be provided in a prospectus supplement that describes, among other things, the specific amounts and prices of the Common Stock and Warrants being offered and the terms of the offering.

A prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information included in this prospectus. Any statement contained in this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in such prospectus supplement modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified will be deemed to constitute a part of this prospectus only as so modified, and any statement so superseded will be deemed not to constitute a part of this prospectus. You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”

Neither we nor the Selling Securityholders have authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus we have prepared. We and the Selling Securityholders take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby and only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus. This prospectus is not an offer to sell securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy securities, in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date on the front of those documents only, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement, or any sale of a security. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”

On June 18, 2025 (the “Closing Date”), the Company consummated the transactions contemplated by that certain Business Combination Agreement, dated March 18, 2024 (the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among the Company, ShoulderUp Technology Acquisition Corp, a Delaware corporation (“SUAC”), ShoulderUp Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ShoulderUp Merger Sub”), SEI Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware Corporation (“SEI Merger Sub”) and SEE ID, Inc., a Nevada corporation (“SEE ID”). Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, on the Closing Date, (i) ShoulderUp Merger Sub merged with and into SUAC (the “ShoulderUp Merger”), with SUAC surviving the ShoulderUp Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“SUAC Surviving Company”); and (ii) simultaneously with the ShoulderUp Merger, SEI Merger Sub merged with and into SEE ID (“the SEE ID Merger”), with SEE ID surviving the SEE ID Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Surviving Company”) (the ShoulderUp Merger and the SEE ID Merger, together the “Mergers” and together with the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, the “Business Combination”).

On the Closing Date, we consummated the PIPE Financing (as defined below). Pursuant to certain subscription agreement entered into between June 10, 2025 and June 17, 2025 (the “PIPE Subscription Agreements”) by us with certain unaffiliated third-party investors (each, a “PIPE Investor” and collectively, the “PIPE Investors”), pursuant to which, the Company agreed to issue and sell to the PIPE Investors, and the PIPE Investors agreed to subscribe for and purchase an aggregate of 3,323,536 PIPE Shares at a purchase price of $4.00 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $13,294,143, in a private placement (the private placement contemplated by the PIPE Subscriptions Agreements, the “PIPE Financing”). Of the total PIPE Investment, $2,456,500 represents the conversion of bridge loan principal and accrued interest, such that the Company received an additional $10,837,643 from the PIPE Investors at Closing. The PIPE Investment closed substantially concurrently with the Closing.

Concurrently with the Closing, the Company and the persons identified in Schedule A thereto, entered into the Registration Rights Agreement, which provides customary demand and piggyback registration rights. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions - Registration Rights Agreement.”

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements included in this prospectus contains statements that are forward-looking and as such are not historical facts. These forward-looking statements are based on CID HoldCo, Inc.’s (the “Company”) management’s current expectations, estimates, projections and beliefs, as well as a number of assumptions concerning future events, and are not guarantees of performance. Such statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. When used in this prospectus, words such as “outlook,” “believes,” “expects,” “potential,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “predicts,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates” or the negative version of these words or other comparable words or phrases, may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. The following factors among others, could cause actual results and future events to differ materially from those set forth or contemplated in the forward-looking statements:

If any of these risks materialize or our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results could differ materially from the results implied by these forward-looking statements.

These and other factors that could cause actual results to differ from those implied by the forward-looking statements in this prospectus are more fully described under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. The risks described under the heading “Risk Factors” are not exhaustive. Other sections of this prospectus describe additional factors that could adversely affect the business, financial condition or results of operations of the Company. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible to predict all such risk factors, nor can the Company assess the impact of all such risk factors on the business of the Company or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements attributable to the Company or persons acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing cautionary statements. The Company undertakes no obligations to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

In addition, statements of belief and similar statements reflect the beliefs and opinions of the Company on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to the Company, as applicable, as of the date of this prospectus, and while the Company believes such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and statements should not be read to indicate that the Company has conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and you are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Investors should carefully consider the risks described below and all of the other information set forth in the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, including our financial statements and related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” before deciding to invest in our Common Stock and Warrants. If any of the events or developments described below occur, our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be materially or adversely affected. As a result, the market price of our Common Stock and Warrants could decline, and investors could lose all or part of their investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. The risks discussed below also include forward-looking statements, and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Notes Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Risks Related to this Offering

It is not possible to predict the actual number of shares we will sell to New Circle under the ELOC Agreement, or the actual gross proceeds resulting from those sales. We may not have access to the full amount available under the ELOC Agreement.

On July 18, 2025, we entered into the ELOC with the New Circle, pursuant to which the New Circle committed to purchase up to $50 million shares of Common Stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the ELOC Agreement. The Common Stock that may be issued under the ELOC Agreement may be sold by us to New Circle at our discretion, from time to time, over a 36-month period commencing on the date of the ELOC Agreement. We generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any sales of our Common Stock to New Circle under the ELOC Agreement. Sales of our Common Stock to New Circle under the ELOC Agreement will depend upon market conditions as well as other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to New Circle all or a portion of the shares of our Common Stock that may be available pursuant to the ELOC Agreement, or decide to terminate the ELOC Agreement or not sell to New Circle any Common Stock that may be available for us to sell to New Circle thereunder.

Because the purchase price per share to be paid by the New Circle for the shares of Common Stock that we may elect to sell to New Circle under the ELOC Agreement will fluctuate based on the market prices of our Common Stock during the applicable pricing period for each purchase, it is not possible for us to predict, as of the date of this prospectus, the number of Common Stock that we will sell to New Circle under the ELOC Agreement, the purchase price per share that the New Circle will pay for shares purchased from us under the ELOC Agreement, or the aggregate gross proceeds that we will receive from those purchases by the New Circle under the ELOC Agreement.

Although the ELOC Agreement provides that we may sell up to an aggregate of $50 million shares of Common Stock to the New Circle, only 5,524,624 shares of Common Stock that may be issued to the New Circle under the ELOC Agreement are being registered for resale by the New Circle under the registration statement that includes this prospectus.

If we elect to sell to New Circle all of the 5,524,624 shares of Common Stock being registered for resale by the New Circle in the registration statement that includes this prospectus, depending on the market prices of our Common Stock during the applicable pricing period for each purchase made pursuant to the ELOC Agreement, the actual gross proceeds from the sale of all such shares may be substantially less than the $50 million total commitment originally available to us under the ELOC Agreement.

If it becomes necessary for us to issue and sell to New Circle under the ELOC Agreement more than the 5,524,624 shares of Common Stock being registered for resale under the registration statement that includes this prospectus, in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to the total commitment of $50 million under the ELOC Agreement, we must file with the SEC one or more additional registration statements to register under the Securities Act the resale by the New Circle of any such additional shares of Common Stock we wish to sell from time to time under the ELOC Agreement, which the SEC must declare effective. We will need to obtain shareholder approval to issue Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap under the ELOC Agreement in accordance with the Nasdaq listing rules, unless the average per share purchase price paid by the New Circle for all shares of Common Stock sold under the ELOC Agreement equals or exceeds equal or exceed the average Nasdaq official closing price for the five (5) trading days immediately prior to the Effective Date of the ELOC Agreement, in which case, under the Nasdaq listing rules, the Exchange Cap limitation will not apply to issuances and sales of our Common Stock under the ELOC Agreement. In addition, the New Circle will not be required to purchase any shares of Common Stock if such sale would result in the New Circle’s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% of the then-outstanding voting power or shares of Common Stock provided, that upon delivery of a written notice to the Company, New Circle may from time to time increase (with such increase not effective until the sixty-first (61st) day after delivery of such notice) the Ownership Limitation to 9.99%. Any issuance and sale by us under the ELOC Agreement of a substantial amount of shares of our Common Stock in addition to the 5,524,624 shares of Common Stock being registered for resale by the New Circle under this prospectus could cause additional substantial dilution to our stockholders. The number of shares of Common Stock ultimately offered for resale by New Circle is dependent upon the number of shares of Common Stock we ultimately sell to New Circle under the ELOC Agreement. Our inability to access a portion or the full amount available under the ELOC Agreement, in the absence of any other financing sources, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.

Pursuant to the ELOC Agreement, we will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold to the New Circle. If and when we do elect to sell shares of Common Stock to the New Circle under the ELOC Agreement, after the New Circle has acquired such shares, the New Circle may resell all or a portion of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion and at different prices. As a result, investors who purchase shares from the New Circle at different times will likely pay different prices for those shares, and so may experience different levels of dilution and in some cases substantial dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase from the New Circle as a result of future sales made by us to the New Circle at prices lower than the prices such investors paid for their shares.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Our rapid growth makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and increases the risk that we will not continue to grow at or near historical rates.

We are largely a pre-revenue company, with revenue of $172,661 and $439,640 for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and revenue of $479,331 and $101,995 for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As a result, our ability to forecast our future results of operations is subject to a number of uncertainties, including our ability to effectively plan for and model future growth. Many factors may contribute to declines in our revenue growth rate, including increased competition, slowing demand for our solution from existing and new customers, a failure by us to continue capitalizing on growth opportunities, termination of contracts by our existing customers, and the maturation of our business, among others. Our recent and historical growth should not be considered indicative of our future performance. Even if our revenue continues to increase over the long term, we expect that our revenue growth rate will decline in the future as a result of a variety of factors, including the maturation of our business. We have encountered in the past, and will encounter in the future, risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties, which we use to plan and operate our business, are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our operating and financial results could differ materially from our expectations, our growth rates may slow and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be harmed.

We face risks associated with the growth of our business in new use cases.

Historically, most of our revenue has been derived from sales relating to research and development activities, including proof of concept demonstrations. For the first two quarters of 2025, we have invested in driving market demand through expansion of sales and marketing activities. We plan to expand the use cases of our solution, including those where we may have limited operating experience, and may be subject to increased business, technology, and economic risks that could affect our financial results. Entering new use cases and expanding in the use cases in which we are already operating will continue to require significant resources, and there is no guarantee that such efforts will be successful or beneficial to us. Historically, sales to a new customer have often led to additional sales to the same customer or similarly situated customers. To the extent we expand into and within new use cases that are regulated, we will likely face additional regulatory scrutiny, risks, and burdens from the governments and agencies which regulate those markets and industries. It is uncertain whether we will be able to achieve penetration and organic growth with respect to any new use cases that we pursue. Any failure to do so may harm our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations.

If we fail to effectively manage our growth, our business and results of operations could be harmed.

We have experienced and expect to continue to experience rapid growth, which has placed, and may continue to place, significant demands on our management, operational, and financial resources. For example, our headcount has grown from our 2 founding employees as of the last business day of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 to 30 employees as of the last business day of the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2025. In addition, we have begun to cultivate channel partners to expand our operations globally and sell our products to customers in Asia and Europe in the short term, and we plan to continue to expand our operations internationally in the future. We have also experienced significant growth in the number of customers, connected assets, transactions, and data supported by our solution and our associated infrastructure, which has placed additional demands on our resources and operations. Our organizational structure is becoming more complex, and we need to scale and adapt our operational, financial, and management controls, as well as our reporting systems and procedures, to manage this complexity. We will require significant expenditures and the allocation of management resources to grow and change in these areas. If we fail to successfully manage our anticipated growth, the quality of our solutions may suffer, which could negatively affect our brand and reputation, harm our ability to retain and attract customers, and adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

If we are unable to attract new customers, our future revenue and results of operations will be harmed.

Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to attract new customers. Our ability to attract new customers will depend on the perceived benefits and pricing of our solution and the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts. Other factors, many of which are out of our control, may now or in the future impact our ability to attract new customers, including:

If our efforts to attract new customers are not successful, our business, financial condition, and results of operations will suffer.

If we are unable to retain and expand our relationships with existing customers, our financial position and results of operations will be harmed.

In order for us to maintain or improve our results of operations, it is important that our customers renew their subscriptions to access our Dot Cloud SaaS platform when existing contract terms expire and that we expand our commercial relationships with our existing customers. Our contracts are typically for a subscription term of 3 to 5 years. However, our customers have no obligation to renew their subscriptions after the initial terms expire, and our customers might not renew their subscriptions for a similar contract period, with the same or greater economic terms, or at all. In the past, some of our customers have elected not to renew their subscriptions with us and it is difficult to accurately predict long-term customer retention, in part due to our limited experience with renewal cycles to date. Customers may choose not to renew their subscriptions for many reasons, including the belief that our solution is not required for their business needs or is otherwise not cost-effective, a desire to reduce discretionary spending, our discontinuation of a desired application or a belief that our competitors’ offerings provide better value. Additionally, our customers might not renew for reasons entirely out of our control, such as mergers and acquisitions affecting our customer base, the dissolution of their business or business segment utilizing our solution or an economic downturn affecting their industry. A decrease in our renewal rate would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

A part of our growth strategy is to sell subscriptions to our Dot Cloud SaaS platform and expand use cases with our existing customers. Our ability to sell subscriptions to our Dot Cloud SaaS platform will depend in significant part on our ability to anticipate industry evolution, practices and standards. Additionally, we will need to continue to enhance existing solutions and introduce new solutions and features on a timely basis to keep pace with technological developments both within our industry and in related industries, and to remain compliant with any federal, state, local, or foreign regulations that apply to us or our customers. However, we may prove unsuccessful either in developing new solutions or in expanding the set of third-party applications and devices with which our solutions integrate, particularly as we expand our solutions into use cases that have not been our historical focus and as we continue to refine our efforts to hire, develop, and retain engineering talent. In addition, the success of any enhancement or new solution depends on several factors, including the timely completion, introduction and market acceptance of the enhancement or solution. Any new solutions we develop or acquire might not be introduced in a timely or cost-effective manner and might not achieve the broad market acceptance necessary to generate significant revenue, particularly with respect to use cases that have not been our historical focus. If any of our competitors implements new technologies before we are able to implement them or better anticipates the innovation and integration opportunities in related industries, our business may be adversely affected.

Another part of our growth strategy is to sell additional subscriptions to existing customers as they increase their number of connected assets, such as vehicles, warehouses, and yards. However, our customers may not continue to grow and expand their operations, or may opt not to purchase additional subscriptions from us to cover their expanded operations. A decrease in our ability to sell additional subscriptions to our Dot Cloud SaaS platform to our existing customers could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Certain estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market growth included in this prospectus may prove to be inaccurate.

Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. The estimates and forecasts in this prospectus relating to the size and expected growth of our target markets may prove to be inaccurate. Even if the markets in which we compete meet the size estimates and growth forecasted in this prospectus, we may not successfully penetrate these markets and our business could fail to grow at a similar pace, if at all.

We may not be able to successfully execute our strategic initiatives or meet our long-term financial goals.

A significant part of our business strategy is to focus on long-term growth over short-term financial results. We expect to continue making significant expenditures on engineering talent, sales, hiring and marketing efforts and expenditures to develop new features, integrations, capabilities, and enhancements to our solution and further expand the use cases addressed by our solutions. We have been engaged in strategic initiatives to expand the scope of our core business to improve long-term stockholder value, to improve our cost structure and efficiency, and to increase our selling efforts and develop new business. We may not be able to successfully execute these or other strategic initiatives or execute these initiatives on our expected timetable. If we are not successful in expanding our use cases and obtaining operational efficiencies, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be harmed.

Our dependence on a limited number of joint design manufacturers and suppliers of manufacturing services and critical components within our supply chain for our IoT devices may adversely affect our results of operations.

Our devices are made using an outsourced manufacturing business model that utilizes joint design manufacturers. We depend on a limited number of joint design manufacturers to allocate sufficient manufacturing capacity to meet our needs, to produce devices, or components thereof, of acceptable quality at acceptable yields, and to deliver those devices or components to us on a timely basis. We are subject to the risk of shortages and long lead times in the supply of these devices and components. In addition, the lead times associated with certain components are lengthy and preclude rapid changes in quantities and delivery schedules. We may in the future experience component shortages, and the predictability of the availability of these components may be limited. We cannot assure you that our inventory will be sufficient for our needs or that future disruptions to our supply of devices or materials will not occur. Any delay in the shipment of devices or any other necessary materials delays our ability to recognize revenue for subscriptions purchased by our customers.

In addition, some of our suppliers, joint design manufacturers, and logistics providers may have more established relationships with larger volume device manufacturers, and as a result of such relationships, such suppliers may choose to limit or terminate their relationship with us. Developing suitable alternate sources of supply for these devices and components may be time-consuming, difficult, and costly, and we may not be able to source these devices and components on terms that are favorable to us, or at all, which may adversely affect our ability to meet our requirements or provide our customers with needed devices in a timely or cost-effective manner. Because our customers often must install devices before being able to fully utilize our Dot Cloud SaaS platform, any interruption or delay in the supply of any of these devices or components, or the inability to obtain these devices or components from alternate sources at acceptable prices and within a reasonable amount of time, would harm our ability to onboard new customers. In addition, increased device or component costs would negatively impact our results of operations.

Our dependence on a key supplier in Israel and the possibility of having to switch suppliers may adversely affect our results of operations.

We have a key component for one of our products that is made and supported in Israel. While this supplier has remained stable for us to date, there is a risk that the situation may change. We have developed an alternative path that we can use to obtain similar functionality, but switching costs include delays in delivery and some feature disruption in our operations.

If we are not able to develop and timely introduce new solutions and features for our Dot Cloud SaaS platform that achieve market acceptance, keep pace with technological developments, and meet emerging regulatory requirements, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be harmed.

Our ability to attract new customers and increase revenue from existing customers depends in large part on our ability to enhance and improve our existing solutions and to introduce compelling new solutions and features that reflect the changing nature of our customers’ needs and the regulations to which they are subject. The success of any enhancement to our Dot Cloud SaaS platform depends on several factors, including timely completion and delivery, competitive pricing, adequate quality testing, integration with existing technologies, and overall market acceptance. Factors outside of our control, such as developing laws and regulations, regulatory orders, competitive product offerings, and changes in demand for our solution may also materially impact the successful implementation of new solutions. Any new solution that we develop may not be introduced in a timely or cost-effective manner, may contain bugs or other defects, or may not achieve the market acceptance necessary to generate significant revenue.

Further, the development of new solutions can be difficult, time-consuming and costly. There are inherent risks and uncertainties associated with offering new solutions, especially when new markets are not fully developed, related technology standards are not mature, or when the laws and regulations regarding a new solution are evolving. If we are unable to successfully develop and timely introduce new solutions, enhance our existing Dot Cloud SaaS platform to meet customer requirements, or otherwise gain market acceptance, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be harmed.

Our sales pipeline is immature, and as such, revenue forecasts and projections are likely to be unstable through fiscal year 2025.

We anticipate typical sales cycles to be nine to twelve months for most of our opportunities and are only six months into an aggressive pivot to active sales and marketing. As such, revenue forecasts and projections are likely to be unstable through fiscal year 2025, as we mature our best opportunities and add depth to our pipeline. While we will provide our best forecast and communicate changes as they occur, investors should be warned that this instability in revenue is the nature of emerging from a startup mode into a more mature growth organization.

The length of our sales cycle can be unpredictable, particularly with respect to sales to large customers, and our sales efforts may require considerable time and expense.

It is difficult to predict exactly when, or even if, we will make a sale to a potential customer or if we can increase sales to our existing customers. Customers with substantial or complex organizations may choose to deploy our solutions in large increments on a periodic basis. Accordingly, customers may purchase subscriptions for significant dollar amounts on an irregular and unpredictable basis. Because of our limited operating history and the nature of our business, we cannot predict the timing or cost of these sales and deployment cycles. Variations in the sales cycles among our customers based on the size and complexity of their operations, as well as the possibility that customers may purchase new subscriptions sporadically with short lead times, which may adversely impact our ability to anticipate the timing and amount of revenue and contract value from new customers.

In particular, part of our strategy is to target sales to larger customers. Sales to larger customers involve risks that may not be present or that are present to a lesser extent with sales to smaller organizations, such as longer sales cycles (which typically last several months and in some cases have exceeded one year), more complex customer product requirements and expectations related to invoicing and payment terms, substantial upfront sales costs, and less predictability in completing some of our sales. For example, large customers may require considerable time to evaluate and test our solution prior to purchasing a subscription. A number of factors influence the length and variability of our sales cycle, including the need to educate potential customers about the uses and benefits of our solution, the discretionary nature of purchasing and budget cycles, the competitive nature of evaluation and purchasing approval processes, the customer’s contemplated use case, the specific deployment plan of each customer, the complexity of the customer’s organization, and the difficulty of such deployment, as well as whether a sale is made directly by us or through other partners. Moreover, large customers often begin to deploy our solution on a limited basis but nevertheless may require a greater level of support from our customer support personnel and negotiate pricing discounts, which increases our upfront investment in the sales effort with no guarantee that sales to these customers will justify our substantial upfront investment. If we fail to effectively manage these risks associated with sales cycles, sales timing uncertainty, sales to large customers and collection of payment from our customers, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely affected.

If we fail to adapt and respond effectively to rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, changing regulations, or changing customer needs, requirements or preferences, our Dot Cloud SaaS platform may become less competitive.

The industries in which we participate are subject to rapid technological change. The introduction of new technologies will continue to have a significant effect on competitive conditions to which we are subject. In order to continue to provide value for our customers, we must offer innovative solutions that allow our customers to track and manage their equipment, employees, sites and other connected assets on a timely basis. Certain technologies and industry developments may negatively impact our ability to compete within certain industry segments. If we are unable to develop new solutions that provide utility to our customers and provide enhancements and new features for our existing solutions that keep pace with rapid technological and regulatory change, our revenues and results of operations could be adversely affected.

To keep pace with technological and competitive developments, we have in the past invested, and may continue to invest, in complementary businesses, technologies, products, services, and other assets that expand the solutions that we can offer our customers. We may make these investments without being certain that they will result in products or enhancements that will be accepted by existing or prospective customers or that will achieve market acceptance. If we are unable to successfully enhance our Dot Cloud SaaS platform to meet evolving customer requirements, increase adoption and use cases of our solution, and develop new solutions and features, then our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be adversely affected.

We rely on industry standards and technology developed and maintained outside of our control. For example, many of our solutions depend on cellular, GPS, and Wi-Fi technology and are built upon such technologies. We do not control the development of such technologies, and so it may be possible in the future that the components of the underlying technologies that interface with or are built into our solution develop in ways that are not beneficial to our growth and technological capabilities. If these technologies do not continue to be improved or are replaced with alternative technologies that we do not effectively adapt to, our ability to innovate may be diminished and our market appeal and value to customers may be harmed.

We face intense and increasing competition, and we may not be able to compete effectively, which could reduce demand for our solution and adversely affect our business, revenue growth, and market share.

The markets for the solutions and use cases for which we compete are new and rapidly evolving. Our historical competition has been specific to the individual solution sets that we target, or specific to operational groupings. For example, certain of our solution compete with historical RFID and Barcode companies such as Zebra, Honeywell, Smartrac and HID Global.

Competition in these markets is based on several factors, including the comprehensiveness of a solution; feature set breadth and extensibility; analytical capability; ease of adoption; platform reliability, security and scalability; customer support; ability to realize cost savings; brand awareness and reputation; and the strength of sales, marketing and channel partnerships.

Some of our competitors may have greater financial resources, greater brand recognition, larger sales forces and marketing budgets than us, as well as broader distribution networks. Large corporations, in particular, may be able to utilize their distribution networks and existing relationships to offer new solutions, in addition to solutions in other verticals already being provided to customers. We expect additional competition as our market grows and rapidly changes, and we may choose to enter or expand into new markets as well. We expect competition to increase as other established and emerging companies enter the markets in which we compete, as customer requirements evolve and as new products and services and technologies are introduced. Certain of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, significantly greater financial, technical, marketing, distribution, professional services, or other resources and greater name recognition than we do. In addition, certain of our current and potential competitors have strong relationships with current and potential customers and extensive knowledge of industries with physical operations. As a result, our current and potential competitors may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards, or customer requirements or devote greater resources than we can to the development, promotion, and sale of their products and services. Moreover, certain of these companies are bundling their products and services into larger deals or subscription renewals, often at significant discounts as part of a larger sale. In addition, some current and potential competitors may offer products or services that address one or a limited number of functions at lower prices or with greater depth than our solution. Our current and potential competitors may develop and market new technologies with comparable functionality to our solution. As a result, we may experience reduced gross margins, longer sales cycles, and loss of market share. This could lead us to decrease prices, implement alternative pricing structures, or introduce products and services available for free or a nominal price in order to remain competitive. We may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations will be harmed if we fail to meet these competitive pressures.

Moreover, current and future competitors may also make strategic acquisitions or establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with others, including our current or future channel partners, OEM partners, and other strategic technology companies. By doing so, these competitors may increase their ability to meet the needs of our existing or potential customers. In addition, our current or prospective indirect sales channel partners may establish cooperative relationships with our current or future competitors. These relationships may limit our ability to sell or certify our solution through specific distributors, technology providers, database companies, and distribution channels and allow our competitors to rapidly gain significant market share. These developments could limit our ability to obtain revenue from existing and new customers. If we are unable to compete successfully against current and future competitors, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be harmed.

If we do not develop devices that are compatible with third-party hardware, software and infrastructure, including the many evolving wireless industry standards, our ability to introduce and sell new subscriptions to access our Dot Cloud SaaS platform could suffer.

In order to support customers’ adoption of our Dot Cloud SaaS platform, we develop devices that are compatible with a wide variety of hardware, software and infrastructure. Not only must we ensure our devices are compatible with applications and technologies developed by our partners and vendors, but we must also ensure that our devices can interface with third-party hardware, software or infrastructure that our customers may choose to adopt. To the extent that a third party were to develop software applications or devices that compete with ours, that provider may choose not to support our solution. In particular, our ability to accurately anticipate evolving wireless technology standards and ensure that our devices comply with these standards in relevant respects is critical to the functionality of our devices. Any failure of our devices to be compatible or comply with the hardware, software, or infrastructure — including wireless communications standards — utilized by our customers could prevent or delay their implementation of our Dot Cloud SaaS platform and require costly and time-consuming engineering changes. Additionally, if an insufficient number of wireless operators or subscribers adopt the standards to which we design our devices, our ability to introduce and sell subscriptions to our Dot Cloud SaaS platform would be harmed.

The competitive position of our Dot Cloud SaaS platform depends in part on its ability to operate with a wide variety of data sources and infrastructure, and if we are not successful in maintaining and expanding the compatibility of our solutions with such data sources and infrastructure, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely impacted.

The competitive position of our Dot Cloud SaaS platform depends in part on its ability to operate with a wide array of physical sensors and devices — including devices manufactured by us and by third parties, other software and database technologies, and communications, networking, computing and other infrastructure. As such, we must continuously modify and enhance our Dot Cloud SaaS platform to be compatible with evolving hardware, software, and infrastructure that are used by our current and potential partners, vendors and customers. In the future, one or more technology companies may choose not to support the interoperation of their hardware, software, or infrastructure with solutions such as ours, or our solutions may not otherwise support the capabilities needed to operate with such hardware, software, or infrastructure. We intend to facilitate the compatibility of our Dot Cloud SaaS platform with a wide variety of hardware, software, and infrastructure by maintaining and expanding our business and technical relationships. If we are not successful in achieving this goal, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely impacted.

Our ability to grow our business is dependent in part on strategic relationships we develop and maintain with third parties.

We believe that our ability to increase our sales depends in part on maintaining and strengthening relationships with parties such as channel partners, OEM partners, and other strategic technology companies. Once a relationship is established, we likely will dedicate significant time and resources to it in an effort to advance our business interests, and there is no assurance that any strategic relationship will achieve our business purposes or that the resources we use to develop the relationship will be cost-effective. Parties with whom we establish strategic relationships also work with companies that compete with us. We have limited, if any, control as to whether these parties devote adequate resources to our strategic relationships. Further, companies with whom we maintain strategic relationships may de-emphasize their dealings with us or become competitors in the future. We also have limited, if any, control as to other business activities of these parties and we could experience reputational harm because of our association with such parties if they fail to execute on business initiatives, are accused of breaking the law or suffer reputational harm for other reasons. All of these factors could materially and adversely impact our business and results of operations.

Changes in our subscription or pricing models could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The sales price for subscriptions to access our Dot Cloud SaaS platform may decline for a variety of reasons, including competitive pricing pressures, discounts, anticipation of the introduction of new solutions and features, changes in pricing models for existing solutions and access to our solutions (including changes as to the timing of customers’ payments over the course of their subscriptions) or promotional programs. As we expand our offerings, new competitors introduce new solutions or services that compete with ours, or we enter into new international markets, we may be unable to attract new customers using the same pricing models as we have historically used. Larger competitors, including new entrants to our market, may reduce the price of offerings that compete with ours or may bundle them with other offerings and provide them for free. Any decrease in the sales prices for access to our Dot Cloud SaaS platform, without a corresponding decrease in costs or increase in sales volume, would adversely affect our revenue and gross profit.

We may also have difficulty determining the appropriate price structure for new solutions. Regardless of the pricing model used, larger customers may demand higher price discounts than have been given in the past, or are given to other customers. As a result, we may be required to reduce our prices, offer shorter contract durations or offer alternative pricing models. If we do not maintain our prices and gross profits at levels that will allow us to achieve and maintain profitability, our business, financial condition, and results of operations will be harmed.

Our results of operations and our business metrics are likely to fluctuate significantly on a quarterly basis in future periods and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business, which makes our future results difficult to predict and could cause our results of operations to fall below expectations.

Our results of operations and business metrics have fluctuated from quarter-to-quarter in the past and may continue to vary significantly in the future so that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations and business metrics may not be meaningful. Accordingly, our financial results in any one quarter should not be relied upon as indicative of future performance.

Our quarterly results of operations and business metrics may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, may be difficult to predict, and may or may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business. Among the factors that may cause fluctuations in our quarterly financial results and our business metrics are those listed below:

If we are unable to achieve and sustain a level of liquidity sufficient to support our operations and fulfill our obligations, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We actively monitor and manage our cash and cash equivalents so that sufficient liquidity is available to fund our operations and other corporate purposes. In the future, increased levels of liquidity may be required to adequately support our operations and initiatives and to mitigate the effects of business challenges or unforeseen circumstances. If we are unable to achieve and sustain such increased levels of liquidity, we may suffer adverse consequences, including reduced investment in our platform development, difficulties in executing our business plan and fulfilling our obligations, and other operational challenges. Any of these developments could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our business is exposed to risks related to third-party financing of our customers’ subscriptions to our Dot Cloud SaaS platform.

Historically, some of our customers have relied on third parties to finance their purchase of subscriptions to our Dot Cloud SaaS platform. This need to arrange third-party credit may lengthen our sales cycles or otherwise lengthen the amount of time required to negotiate customer agreements. Our channel may provide customers seeking financing with contact information for lenders that are known to them through their financing of other customers’ subscriptions. These arrangements can create challenging dynamics for us when disputes arise between a customer and a lender to whom we have introduced a customer. In the event that financing is not available to those of our customers who require it, on commercially reasonable terms or at all, we could experience reduced sales, extended sales cycles, and increased churn. In the event of a dispute between a customer and a lender, we could suffer reputational harm and damage to our relationships with customers and those that provide financing to our customers. The occurrence of any of these would adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may not be able to maintain and expand our business if we are not able to hire, retain and manage qualified personnel, and in particular, our key personnel.

Our success in the future depends in part on the continued contribution of our executive, technical, engineering, sales, marketing, operations and administrative personnel. Recruiting and retaining skilled personnel in the industries in which we operate, including engineers and other technical staff and skilled sales and marketing personnel, is highly competitive. In addition, the success of any future acquisitions depends in part on our retention and integration of key personnel from the acquired company or business.

Although we may enter into employment agreements with members of our senior management and other key personnel, these arrangements are at-will and do not prevent any of our management or key personnel from leaving the company. If we are not able to attract or retain qualified personnel in the future, or if we experience delays in hiring required personnel, particularly qualified technical and sales personnel, we may not be able to maintain and expand our business.

Further, we rely in part on direct sales employees to sell our products in the United States and internationally. We are focused on increasing the size and effectiveness of our sales force, marketing activities, sales management team and corporate infrastructure, as well as exploring further relationships with third-party resellers. At present, we intend to significantly increase the size of our current direct sales organization and to more efficiently leverage our expanded sales force to increase sales coverage for our solution and to support significant channel growth. We cannot assure you that we will be able to attract and retain the additional personnel necessary to grow and expand our business and operations. Further, we expect that the onboarding of new sales and marketing personnel will take considerable time to enable new employees to ramp up to full productivity. If we are unable to expand our sales force at sufficiently high levels and onboard new sales personnel successfully, our ability to attract new customers may be harmed, and our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected. In addition, any failure to adequately train our employees on how to communicate the uses and benefits of our solution to potential and existing customers may prevent us from increasing our market share and revenue. If we fail to identify, attract, retain and motivate these highly skilled personnel, we will be unable to achieve our growth expectations, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be harmed.

Our ability to achieve customer renewals and increase sales of our products is dependent on the quality of our customer success and support teams, and our failure to offer high quality support would have an adverse effect on our business, reputation, and results of operations.

Our customers depend on our customer support team to resolve issues and our customer success team to realize the full benefits relating to our Dot Cloud SaaS platform. If we do not succeed in helping our customers quickly resolve post-deployment issues or provide effective ongoing support and education on our Dot Cloud SaaS platform, our ability to sell additional subscriptions to, or renew subscriptions with, existing customers or expand the value of existing customers’ subscriptions would be adversely affected and our reputation with potential customers could be damaged. Many large customers have more complex IT environments and require higher levels of support than smaller customers. If we fail to meet the requirements of these larger customers, it may be more difficult to grow sales with them.

Additionally, it can take several months to recruit, hire, and train qualified engineering-level customer support employees. We may not be able to hire such employees fast enough to keep up with demand, particularly if the sales of our products exceed our internal forecasts. To the extent that we are unsuccessful in hiring, training, and retaining adequate customer support employees, our ability to provide adequate and timely support to our customers, and our customers’ satisfaction with our products, will be adversely affected. Our failure to provide and maintain high-quality support services would have an adverse effect on our business, reputation, and results of operations.

If we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be harmed.

We believe that maintaining and enhancing our reputation as a differentiated and category-defining company is critical to our relationships with our existing customers and to our ability to attract new customers. We also believe that the importance of brand recognition will increase as competition in our market increases, and that brand and reputation are particularly important in the physical operations industry given the potential impact of any failure of our solution on the physical operations of our customers. The successful promotion of our brand attributes will depend on a number of factors, including our and our channel partners’ marketing efforts, our ability to continue to develop high-quality solutions and our ability to successfully differentiate our solutions and devices from those of competitors. In addition, independent industry analysts may provide reviews of our solution and our competitors’ products, which could influence the perception of the relative value of our Dot Cloud SaaS platform in the marketplace. If these reviews are negative, or less positive as compared to those of our competitors’ products, our brand may be harmed.

The promotion of our brand requires us to make substantial expenditures, and we anticipate that the expenditures will increase as our market becomes more competitive, as we expand into new markets, and as more sales are generated through our channel partners. Our brand promotion activities may not generate customer awareness or yield increased revenue, and even if they do, any increased revenue may not offset the expenses we incur in building our brand. If we do not successfully maintain and enhance our brand, our business may not grow, we may have reduced pricing power relative to competitors, and we could lose customers or fail to attract potential customers, any of which would harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

If we cannot maintain our company culture as we grow, our success and our business and competitive position may be harmed.

We believe that our success to date has been driven in part by our company’s cultural principles of focusing on customer success, building for the long term, adopting a growth mindset, being inclusive and winning as a team. As we grow and develop the infrastructure of a public company, we may find it difficult to maintain these important aspects of our culture. Any failure to preserve our culture could negatively affect our ability to retain and recruit personnel, which is critical to our growth, and to effectively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives. As a result, if we fail to maintain our company culture, our business and competitive position may be harmed.

We typically provide service-level commitments under our subscription agreements. If we fail to meet these contractual commitments, we could be obligated to provide credits for future service or face subscription termination with refunds of prepaid amounts, which would lower our revenue and harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our subscription agreements typically contain service-level commitments, and our agreements with larger customers may carry higher service-level commitments than those provided to customers generally. If we are unable to meet the stated service-level commitments, including failure to meet the uptime and response time requirements under our customer subscription agreements, we may be contractually obligated to provide these customers with service credits, which could significantly affect our revenue in the periods in which the failure occurs and the credits are applied. We could also face subscription terminations and a reduction in renewals, which could significantly affect both our current and future revenue. We offer multiple tiers of subscriptions to our products and, as such, our service-level commitments will increase if more customers choose higher tier subscriptions. Any service-level failures could also damage our reputation, which could also adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

A real or perceived defect, security vulnerability, error, or performance failure in our Dot Cloud SaaS platform could cause us to lose revenue, damage our reputation, and expose us to liability, and our product liability insurance may not adequately protect us.

Our Dot Cloud SaaS platform is inherently complex and, despite extensive testing and quality control, has in the past contained and may in the future contain defects or errors, especially when first introduced, or not perform as contemplated. These defects, security vulnerabilities, errors, or performance failures could cause damage to our reputation, loss of customers or revenue, order cancellations, service terminations, or lack of market acceptance of our software. Our customers within the physical operations industry are particularly sensitive to the reliability of our products because a failure of a vehicle or piece of machinery connected to our solution could have a significant impact on their business or employees, including leading to death or serious bodily injury. As the use of our solution, including features and solutions that were recently developed, continues to expand to even more sensitive, secure, or mission-critical uses by our customers, we may be subject to increased scrutiny, potential reputational risk, or potential liability should our solution fail to perform as intended in such deployments. We have in the past needed, and may in the future need, to issue corrective releases to fix these defects, security vulnerabilities, errors or performance failures, which could require us to allocate significant research and development and customer support resources to address these problems. When required to correct device bugs or to implement proactive firmware updates to our devices, we have implemented over-the-air firmware updates to devices that are deployed in the field. If such updates do not perform as anticipated, they may prolong interruptions and performance problems and otherwise impact our reputation and relationship with our customers. Additionally, an improperly configured or deployed update may cause performance issues or disable certain devices in the field, as has occurred in the past. Such an error would require us to fix or replace such devices and may harm our relationship with the impacted customer or customers.

In addition, any data that we license from third parties for potential use in our solution may contain errors or defects, which could negatively impact the analytics that our customers perform on or with such data. This may have a negative impact on how our solution is perceived by our current and potential customers and could materially damage our reputation and brand.

Any limitation of liability provisions that may be contained in our customer, user, third-party vendor, service provider, and partner agreements may not be enforceable or adequate or effective as a result of existing or future applicable laws or unfavorable judicial decisions, and they may not function to limit our liability arising from regulatory enforcement or otherwise. The sale and support of our solution entail the risk of liability claims, which could be substantial in light of the use of our solution in enterprise-wide environments.

In addition, our insurance against this liability may not be adequate to cover a potential claim and may be subject to exclusions, including the possibility that the insurer will deny coverage as to any future claim or exclude from our coverage such claims in policy renewals. The denial of our claims by our insurers or the successful assertion of claims by others against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or coinsurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation. Further, there are no assurances that adequate product liability insurance will continue to be available to us in the future on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

Challenges in implementation or incorrect use of, or our customers’ failure to update, our solution could result in customer dissatisfaction and negatively affect our business and growth prospects.

Our solution is often operated in large scale, distributed IT environments, including across a wide array of devices and connected assets. Implementing our solutions in such environments can be a complex and lengthy process, particularly for certain of our customers who are less experienced with respect to the implementation of cloud-based platforms such as ours. Our customers and some partners require training and experience in the proper use of and the benefits that can be derived from our solution to maximize its potential. If users of our Dot Cloud SaaS platform do not implement, use, or update our Dot Cloud SaaS platform correctly or as intended, then inadequate performance and/or security vulnerabilities may result. Because our customers rely on our software and hardware to manage a wide range of operations, the incorrect implementation, use of, or our customers’ failure to update, our software and hardware or our failure to train customers on how to use our solution productively may result in customer dissatisfaction and negative publicity and may adversely affect our reputation and brand. Our failure to effectively provide training and implementation services to our customers could result in lost opportunities for follow-on sales to these customers and decreased subscriptions by new customers, which would adversely affect our business and growth prospects.

Acquisitions, strategic investments, partnerships, or alliances could be difficult to identify, pose integration challenges, divert the attention of management, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value, and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We have in the past and may in the future seek to acquire or invest in businesses, joint ventures, and technologies that we believe could complement or expand our Dot Cloud SaaS platform, enhance our technology, or otherwise offer growth opportunities. Further, our anticipated proceeds from this offering increase the likelihood that we will devote resources to exploring larger and more complex acquisitions and investments than we have previously attempted. Any such acquisitions or investments may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur various expenses in identifying, investigating, and pursuing suitable opportunities, whether or not the transactions are completed, and may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures. In particular, we may encounter difficulties assimilating or integrating the businesses, technologies, products, personnel, or operations of any acquired companies, particularly if the key personnel of an acquired company choose not to work for us, their software is not easily adapted to work with our solution, or we have difficulty retaining the customers of any acquired business due to changes in ownership, management, or otherwise. Any such transactions that we are able to complete may not result in the synergies or other benefits we expect to achieve, which could result in substantial impairment charges. These transactions could also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, which could adversely affect our financial position, costs, and financial flexibility.

We may require additional capital to fund our business and support our growth, and any inability to generate or obtain such capital may adversely affect our business and financial condition.

In order to support our growth and respond to business challenges, such as developing new solutions or devices to stay competitive, acquiring new technologies, and improving our infrastructure, we have made significant financial investments in our business and we intend to continue to make such investments. As a result, we may or debt financings to provide the funds required for these investments and other business endeavors. If we raise additional funds through equity or convertible debt issuances, our existing stockholders may suffer significant dilution and these securities could have rights, preferences, and privileges that are superior to that of holders of our common stock. If we obtain additional funds through debt financing, the terms of such indebtedness may involve restrictive covenants making it difficult to engage in capital raising activities and pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly impaired and our business and financial condition may be adversely affected.

We may be subject to product liability, warranty and recall claims that may increase the costs of doing business and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are subject to a risk of product liability or warranty claims if our Dot Cloud SaaS platform and our devices actually or allegedly fail to perform as expected or result, or are alleged to result, in bodily injury and/or property damage. Certain technologies incorporated in our devices may increase the risk profile of such devices. While we maintain what we believe to be reasonable insurance coverage to appropriately respond to such liability exposures, large product liability claims, if made, could exceed our insurance coverage limits and insurance may not continue to be available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. There can be no assurance that we will not incur significant costs to defend these claims or that we will not experience any product liability losses in the future. In addition, if any of our devices are, or are alleged to be, defective, we may be required to participate in recalls and exchanges of such devices or customer claims against us. The future cost associated with providing product warranties and/or bearing the cost of repair or replacement of our products, or a refund of customer expenses, could exceed our historical experience and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

As we launch our first family of hardware products, there is a heightened risk of product quality issues. As such, we are subject to a risk of product liability or warranty claims if our Dot Cloud Saas platform and our devices actually or allegedly fail to perform as expected or result, or are alleged to result, in bodily injury and/or property damage. Certain technologies incorporated in our devices may increase the risk profile of such devices. Our experienced team is working to mitigate any product quality issues but despite best efforts, it is historically most likely that issues will arise during this initial launch and stabilization period which extends through fiscal year 2025. While we maintain what we believe to be reasonable insurance coverage to appropriately respond to such liability exposures, large product liability claims, if made, could exceed our insurance coverage limits and insurance may not continue to be available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. There can be no assurance that we will not incur significant costs to defend these claims or that we will not experience any product liability losses in the future. In addition, if any of our devices are, or are alleged to be, defective, we may be required to participate in recalls and exchanges of such devices or customer claims against us. The future cost associated with providing product warranties and/or bearing the cost of repair or replacement of our products, or a refund of customer expenses, could exceed our historical experience and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

If currency exchange rates fluctuate substantially in the future, the results of our operations, which are reported in U.S. dollars, could be adversely affected.

As we continue to expand our international operations, we become more exposed to the effects of fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Our international customer contracts are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Changes in currency exchange rates over the course of customers’ contract terms may impact the amount of revenue we recognize from a customer from period to period, even in the absence of changes to that customer’s subscriptions. Additionally, currency fluctuations in certain countries and regions may negatively impact actual prices that customers and partners are willing to pay in those countries and regions. Further, we incur expenses for employee compensation and other operating expenses at our non-U.S. locations in the local currency. Fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other currencies could result in the dollar equivalent of such expenses being higher, which could have a negative impact on our results of operations. Although we may in the future decide to undertake foreign exchange hedging transactions to cover a portion of our foreign currency exchange exposure, we currently do not hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange risks.

Managing the supply of our devices is complex. Insufficient supply and inventory may result in lost sales opportunities or delayed revenue, while excess inventory may harm our gross margins.

Our third-party manufacturers and suppliers procure components for our devices based on our forecasts, and we generally do not hold significant inventory for extended periods of time. These forecasts are based on estimates of future demand for our products, which can be adjusted based on historical trends and analysis and for overall market conditions, and we cannot guarantee the accuracy of our forecasts. In order to reduce manufacturing lead times and plan for adequate component supply, from time to time we may issue forecasts for components and products that are non cancelable and nonreturnable.

Our inventory management systems and related supply chain visibility tools may be inadequate to enable us to forecast accurately and effectively manage supply of our devices. Supply management remains an increased area of focus as we balance the need to maintain supply levels that are sufficient to ensure competitive lead times against the risk of obsolescence because of rapidly changing technology and end-customer requirements. If we ultimately determine that we have excess supply, we may have to record a reserve for excess manufacturing costs or reduce our prices and write-down inventory, either of which in turn could result in lower gross margins. Alternatively, insufficient supply levels may lead to shortages that result in delayed revenue or loss of sales opportunities altogether as potential end customers are unable to access our Dot Cloud SaaS platform and, as a result, turn to competitors’ products that are readily available. Additionally, any increases in the time required to manufacture our devices or ship these devices could result in supply shortfalls. If we are unable to effectively manage our supply and inventory, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our business may be materially and adversely impacted by U.S. and global market and economic conditions adverse to industries that depend on physical operations.

We generate our revenue from selling subscriptions to our solutions to industries that depend on physical operations. These industries include transportation, wholesale and retail trade, healthcare, transportation, aviation, construction, field services, logistics, utilities and energy, government, manufacturing, and others. Given the concentration of our business activities in these industries, we will be particularly exposed to certain economic downturns affecting these industries, in particular with respect to our fleet-focused solutions. U.S. and global market and economic conditions have been, and continue to be, disrupted and volatile. General business and economic conditions that could affect us and our customers include fluctuations in economic growth, debt and equity capital markets, liquidity of the global financial markets, the availability and cost of credit, investor and consumer confidence, and the strength of the economies in which we and our customers operate. A poor economic environment could result in significant decreases in demand for our Dot Cloud SaaS platform, including the delay or cancellation of current or anticipated customer engagements.

Operational challenges and volatile economic conditions have presented and may in the future present difficulties in our ability to timely collect accounts receivables from our customers due to their deteriorating financial condition. In addition, our existing customers may be acquired by or merged into other entities that use our competitors’ products, they may decide to terminate their relationships with us for other reasons, or they may go out of business, each of which would have an adverse effect on our future revenue.

Business disruptions could have serious adverse consequences on our future revenue and financial condition and result in losses that may not be covered by insurance.

Our operations, particularly our operations in Puerto Rico, could be subject to the impact of natural or man-made disasters or other business disruptions, which include, but are not limited to, earthquakes, hurricanes, typhoons, floods, water shortages, wildfires and fires, blizzards and other extreme weather conditions as well as power outages, telecommunications, transportation or infrastructure failure, cybersecurity incidents or physical security breaches related to such catastrophes, public health crises, such as pandemics and epidemics, and geopolitical conflicts, including acts of terrorism, war and civil disorder. We carry insurance against certain risks and in such amounts as we believe are customary for businesses of our kind. However, as the costs and availability of insurance change, we may decide not to be covered against certain losses, including losses resulting from such natural and man-made disasters or environmental liabilities where, in the judgment of management, the insurance is not warranted due to cost or availability of coverage or the remoteness of perceived risk. Furthermore, there are certain types of losses that are generally not insured because they are either uninsurable or not economically insurable. Moreover, the cost of insurance has increased significantly, including as a result of the impact of climate change and inflation, and we may not be able to obtain sufficient coverage at a reasonable cost to protect us against losses.

Our current operations are international in scope, and we plan further geographic expansion, creating a variety of operational challenges.

A component of our growth strategy involves the further expansion of our operations and customer base internationally. We are continuing to adapt to and develop strategies to address international markets, but there is no guarantee that such efforts will have the desired effect. For example, we anticipate that we will need to establish relationships with new partners in order to expand into certain countries, and if we fail to identify, establish, and maintain such relationships, we may be unable to execute on our expansion plans. We intend to increase the scope of our international activities as we continue to pursue opportunities in existing and new international markets, which will require significant dedication of management attention and financial resources.

Our current and future international business and operations involve a variety of risks, including:

If we invest substantial time and resources to further expand our international operations and are unable to do so successfully and in a timely manner, our business and results of operations will suffer.

Our wholly-owned subsidiary in Puerto Rico has been granted certain incentives under Act 60 (described below), and the validity of these incentives are conditioned on our continuous compliance with the terms and conditions of the grant.

Our Puerto Rican subsidiary has been granted various incentives under Act 60, including a reduced 1% income tax rate on its industrial development income and a 15 year exemption term from (i) December 23, 2024 for income tax purposes, (ii) January 1, 2024 for real and personal property tax purposes, and (iii) January 1, 2025 for municipal license tax purposes.  The validity of these tax incentives is conditioned on our Puerto Rican subsidiary’s continuous compliance with the terms and conditions of the grant.

We have entered into, or expect to enter into, various arrangements with our subsidiary in Puerto Rico regarding the intercompany provision of services. Applicable taxing authorities could challenge the prices for these services.

We have entered into, or intend to enter into, several contractual arrangements with our Puerto Rican subsidiary. We have made, or intend to make, loans to our Puerto Rican subsidiary and charge market-rate interest on those loans. Our Puerto Rican subsidiary is expected to pay us for corporate services and to pay us royalties in exchange for the use of certain intellectual property. We intend to use valid pricing methodologies to establish arm’s length prices for these arrangements. However, a taxing authority could challenge whether the terms of these arrangements are arm’s length and could require us to make a “transfer pricing” adjustment and assess us for additional taxes. Additionally, under applicable United States tax laws, income of the Puerto Rican subsidiary may be taxable to us on a current basis, even if cash is not distributed from the subsidiary. If our “transfer pricing” is challenged, it could increase the amount of such taxable income. Similar concerns should be expected to apply to our planned subsidiaries in Europe and India, if and when established.

Legal, Regulatory or Compliance Risks

Changes in applicable tax laws, regulations or administrative interpretations thereof may materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We could be adversely affected by changes in applicable tax laws, regulations, or administrative interpretations thereof. For example, the U.S. federal tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”), enacted in December 2017, resulted in fundamental changes to the Code, including, among many other things, a reduction to the federal corporate income tax rate, a limitation on the deductibility of business interest expense, a limitation on the deductibility of certain director and officer compensation expense, limitations on the use of net operating loss carrybacks and carryovers and changes relating to the scope and timing of U.S. taxation on earnings from international business operations. Subsequent legislation, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), enacted on March 27, 2020, relaxed certain of the limitations imposed by the TCJA for certain taxable years, including the limitation on the use and carryback of net operating losses and the limitation on the deductibility of business interest expense. The exact impact of the TCJA and the CARES Act for future years is difficult to quantify, but these changes could materially adversely affect holders of our Common Stock or the Company. In addition, on August 16, 2022, President Biden signed into law the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which among other things, imposes a 1% excise tax on the fair market value of stock repurchased by “covered corporations” beginning in 2023. Other changes could be enacted in the future to increase the corporate tax rate, limit further the deductibility of interest or effect other changes that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition. Such changes could also include increases in state taxes and other changes to state tax laws to replenish state and local government finances depleted by costs attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic and the reduction in tax revenues due to the accompanying economic downturn.

In addition, our effective tax rate and tax liability are based on the application of current income tax laws, regulations, and treaties. These laws, regulations and treaties are complex, and the manner in which they apply to us and our diverse set of business arrangements is often open to interpretation. Significant management judgment is required in determining the Company’s provision for income taxes, its deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against its net deferred tax assets. The tax authorities could challenge our interpretation of laws, regulations, and treaties, resulting in additional tax liability or adjustment to its income tax provision that could increase its effective tax rate. Changes to tax laws may also adversely affect our ability to attract and retain key personnel.

Failure to comply with anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws, including the FCPA and similar laws associated with our activities outside of the United States, could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.

We operate a global business and may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities. We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the FCPA, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, the USA PATRIOT Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, and possibly other anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws in countries in which we conduct activities. These laws that prohibit companies and their employees and third-party intermediaries from corruptly promising, authorizing, offering, or providing, directly or indirectly, improper payments or anything of value to foreign government officials, political parties, and private-sector recipients for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business, directing business to any person, or securing any advantage. In addition, U.S. public companies are required to maintain records that accurately and fairly represent their transactions and have an adequate system of internal accounting controls. In many foreign countries, including countries in which we may conduct business, it may be a local custom that businesses engage in practices that are prohibited by the FCPA or other applicable laws and regulations. We face significant risks if we or any of our directors, officers, employees, agents or other parties or representatives fail to comply with these laws and governmental authorities in the United States and elsewhere could seek to impose substantial civil and/or criminal fines and penalties which could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition.

We have begun to implement an anti-corruption compliance program and policies, procedures and training designed to foster compliance with these laws; however, our employees, contractors, and agents, and companies to which we outsource some of our business operations, may take actions in violation of our policies or applicable law. Any such violation could have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, operating results and prospects.

Any violation of the FCPA, other applicable anti-corruption laws, or anti-money laundering laws could result in whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, loss of export privileges, severe criminal, or civil sanctions and, in the case of the FCPA, suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracts, any of which could have a materially adverse effect on our reputation, business, operating results, and prospects. In addition, responding to any enforcement action may result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and significant defense costs and other professional fees.

The federal government or independent standards organizations may implement significant regulations or standards that could adversely affect our ability to produce or market our products.

Our products transmit radio frequency waves, the transmission of which is governed by the rules and regulations of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), as well as other federal and state agencies. Our ability to design, develop and sell our products will continue to be subject to these rules and regulations, as well as many other federal, state, local and foreign rules and regulations, for the foreseeable future.

In addition, our Dot Cloud SaaS platform may become subject to independent industry standards. The implementation of unfavorable regulations or industry standards, or unfavorable interpretations of existing regulations by courts or regulatory bodies, could require us to incur significant compliance costs, cause the development of the affected products to become impractical, or otherwise adversely affect our ability to produce or market our solution. The adoption of new industry standards applicable to our products may require us to engage in rapid product development efforts that would cause us to incur higher expenses than we anticipated. In some circumstances, we may not be able to comply with such standards, which could materially and adversely affect our ability to generate revenues through the sale of our products.

Failure to comply with laws and regulations applicable to our business could subject us to fines and penalties and could also cause us to lose customers or otherwise harm our business.

Our business is subject to regulation by various federal, state, local, and foreign governmental agencies, including agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing compliance with various legal obligations, covering topics including privacy and data protection, telecommunications, intellectual property, employment and labor, workplace safety, the environment, consumer protection, governmental trade sanctions, import and export controls, anti-corruption and anti-bribery, securities, and tax. In certain jurisdictions, these regulatory requirements may be more stringent than in the United States. These laws and regulations impose added costs on our business. Noncompliance with applicable regulations or requirements could subject us to:

If any governmental sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of our management’s attention and resources and an increase in professional fees. Enforcement actions and sanctions could materially harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Additionally, companies in the technology industry have recently experienced increased regulatory scrutiny. Any reviews by regulatory agencies or legislatures may result in substantial regulatory fines, changes to our business practices, and other penalties, which could negatively affect our business and results of operations. Changes in social, political, and regulatory conditions or in laws and policies governing a wide range of topics may cause us to change our business practices. Further, our expansion into a variety of new use cases for our solutions could also raise a number of new regulatory issues. These factors could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our failure to comply with the requirements of applicable environmental legislation and regulation could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.

Production and marketing of products in certain states and countries may subject us to environmental and other regulations. In addition, certain states and countries may pass new regulations requiring our products to meet certain requirements to use environmentally friendly components. For example, the European Union has issued two directives relating to chemical substances in electronic products. The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) makes producers of certain electrical and electronic equipment financially responsible for the collection, reuse, recycling, treatment and disposal of equipment placed in the European Union market. The Restrictions of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) bans the use of certain hazardous materials in electrical and electronic equipment which are put on the market in the European Union. In the future, various countries, including the United States or other state or local governments, may adopt further environmental compliance programs and requirements. If we fail to comply with these regulations in connection with the manufacture of our devices, we may face regulatory fines, changes to our business practices, and other penalties, and may not be able to sell our devices in jurisdictions where these regulations apply, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.

We are subject to stringent and changing laws, regulations, standards, and contractual obligations related to privacy, data protection, and data security. Any actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business. We receive, collect, store, process, transfer, and use personal information and other data relating to users of our solutions, our employees and contractors, and other persons. For example, certain of our solutions collect and store facial recognition data, which is subject to heightened sensitivity and regulation. We have legal and contractual obligations regarding the protection of confidentiality and appropriate use of certain data, including facial recognition data and other personal information. We are subject to numerous federal, state, local, and international laws, directives, and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, and data security and the collection, storing, sharing, use, processing, transfer, disclosure, and protection of personal information and other data, the scope of which are changing, subject to differing interpretations, and may be inconsistent across jurisdictions or conflict with other legal and regulatory requirements. We are also subject to certain contractual obligations to third parties related to privacy, data protection and data security. We strive to comply with our applicable policies and applicable laws, regulations, contractual obligations, and other legal obligations relating to privacy, data protection, and data security to the extent possible. However, the regulatory framework for privacy, data protection and data security worldwide is, and is likely to remain for the foreseeable future, uncertain and complex, and it is possible that these or other actual or alleged obligations may be interpreted and applied in a manner that we do not anticipate or that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other legal obligations or our practices. Further, any significant change to applicable laws, regulations or industry practices regarding the collection, use, retention, security or disclosure of data, or their interpretation, or any changes regarding the manner in which the consent of users or other data subjects for the collection, use, retention or disclosure of such data must be obtained, could increase our costs and require us to modify our solutions, possibly in a material manner, which we may be unable to complete, and may limit our ability to store and process user data or develop new solutions and features.

We also expect that there will continue to be new laws, regulations, and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection, and information security proposed and enacted in various jurisdictions. For example, the data protection landscape in Europe is currently evolving, resulting in possible significant operational costs for internal compliance and risks to our business. The European Union adopted the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which became effective in May 2018, and contains numerous requirements and changes from previously existing European Union laws, including more robust obligations on data processors and heavier documentation requirements for data protection compliance programs by companies. Among other requirements, the GDPR regulates the transfer of personal data subject to the GDPR to third countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection to such personal data, including the United States. Failure to comply with the GDPR could result in penalties for noncompliance. The United Kingdom enacted legislation that substantially implements the GDPR and provides for substantial penalties in a manner similar to the GDPR. It is unclear how United Kingdom data protection laws or regulations will develop in the medium to longer term and how data transfers to and from the United Kingdom will be regulated. Further, some countries also are considering or have enacted legislation requiring local storage and processing of data that could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our services.

Various United States privacy laws are potentially relevant to our business, including the Federal Trade Commission Act, Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act (CAN-SPAM Act), and the Telephone Consumer Protection Act. Any actual or perceived failure to comply with these laws could result in a costly investigation or litigation resulting in potentially significant liability, loss of trust by our users, and a material and adverse impact on our reputation and business.

Additionally, in June 2018, California passed the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which provides new data privacy rights for California consumers and new operational requirements for covered companies. Specifically, the CCPA provides that covered companies must provide new disclosures to California consumers and afford such consumers new data privacy rights that include the right to request a copy from a covered company of the personal information collected about them, the right to request deletion of such personal information, and the right to request to opt-out of certain sales of such personal information. The CCPA became operative on January 1, 2020. The California Attorney General can enforce the CCPA, including seeking an injunction and civil penalties for violations. The CCPA also provides a private right of action for certain data breaches that is expected to increase data breach litigation. The CCPA may require us to modify our data practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply. A new privacy law, the California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA), was approved by California voters in the November 3, 2020 election and went into effect on January 1, 2023. The CPRA significantly modified the CCPA, resulting in further uncertainty and requiring us to incur additional costs and expenses in an effort to comply. A number of other states, such as Illinois, Texas, Washington, Virginia and Colorado, have implemented, or are considering implementing, their own versions of privacy legislation, which could increase our potential liability and cause us to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply and otherwise adversely affect our business. Some of those laws, including Illinois’ Biometric Information Privacy Act, also provide consumers with a private right of action for certain violations and large potential statutory damages awards.

Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with our posted privacy policies, our privacy-related obligations to users or other third parties, or any other legal obligations or regulatory requirements relating to privacy, data protection, or data security, may result in governmental investigations or enforcement actions, litigation, claims, or public statements against us by consumer advocacy groups or others and could result in significant liability, cause our users to lose trust in us, and otherwise materially and adversely affect our reputation and business. Furthermore, the costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, the laws, regulations, other obligations, and policies that are applicable to the businesses of our users may limit the adoption and use of, and reduce the overall demand for, our solution. Additionally, if third parties we work with violate applicable laws, regulations or contractual obligations, such violations may put our users’ data at risk, could result in governmental investigations or enforcement actions, fines, litigation, claims, or public statements against us by consumer advocacy groups or others and could result in significant liability, cause our users to lose trust in us, and otherwise materially and adversely affect our reputation and business. Further, public scrutiny of, or complaints about, technology companies or their data handling or data protection practices, even if unrelated to our business, industry or operations, may lead to increased scrutiny of technology companies, including us, and may cause government agencies to enact additional regulatory requirements, or to modify their enforcement or investigation activities, which may increase our costs and risks.

A portion of our revenue is generated by sales to government entities, which are subject to a number of challenges and risks.

Sales to government entities are subject to a number of risks. Selling to government entities can be highly competitive, expensive, and time-consuming, often requiring significant upfront time and expense without any assurance that these efforts will generate a sale. Despite our efforts, we may not be able to obtain the requisite certifications to sell to certain government entities, and government certification requirements for products like ours may change, thereby restricting our ability to sell to the U.S. federal government, state governments, or non-U.S. government sectors until we have attained the appropriate certification. Government demand and payment for our products may be affected by public sector budgetary cycles and funding authorizations, with funding reductions or delays adversely affecting public sector demand for our products. Additionally, any actual or perceived privacy, data protection, or data security incident, or even any perceived defect with regard to our practices or measures in these areas, may negatively impact public sector demand for our products.

Government entities may have statutory, contractual, or other legal rights to terminate contracts with us for convenience or due to a default, and any such termination may adversely affect our future results of operations. Governments routinely investigate and audit government contractors, and any unfavorable audit could result in the government refusing to continue buying our subscriptions, a reduction of revenue, or fines or civil or criminal liability if the audit uncovers improper or illegal activities, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Failure to comply with laws, regulations, or contractual provisions applicable to our business could cause us to lose government customers or our ability to contract with the U.S. and other governments.

As a government contractor, we must comply with laws, regulations, and contractual provisions relating to the formation, administration, and performance of government contracts and inclusion on government contract vehicles, which affect how we and our partners do business with government agencies. As a result of actual or perceived noncompliance with government contracting laws, regulations, or contractual provisions, we may be subject to audits and internal investigations which may prove costly to our business financially, divert management time, or limit our ability to continue selling subscriptions to our solution to our government customers. These laws and regulations may impose other added costs on our business, and failure to comply with these or other applicable regulations and requirements, including non-compliance in the past, could lead to claims for damages from our channel partners, penalties, and termination of contracts and suspension or debarment from government contracting for a period of time with government agencies. Any such damages, penalties, disruption, or limitation in our ability to do business with a government could materially and adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial condition, public perception, and growth prospects.

We are required to comply with governmental export control, economic sanctions and import laws and regulations. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Exports, reexports and certain transfers of our solution, including the underlying technology and source code and products, may be subject to governmental, including United States and European Union, export control and economic sanctions laws and regulations. Certain of our products, technologies, and services are, and may in the future be, subject to the EAR. U.S. export control laws and regulations and economic sanctions include various restrictions and license requirements, including prohibiting the shipment of certain products, technology, software and services to U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments, and persons. Complying with export control, economic sanctions and import laws and regulations for a particular sale may be time-consuming and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. While we take precautions to prevent our platform, products, services, technology and software from being exported, reexported or transferred in violation of these laws, if we were to fail to comply with U.S. export laws, U.S. Customs regulations and import regulations, U.S. economic sanctions, and other countries’ import and export laws, we could be subject to substantial civil and criminal penalties, including fines for the company and incarceration for responsible employees and managers, and the possible loss of export privileges.

Additionally, the export control laws and regulations impose licensing, filing and reporting requirements on encryption and products, technologies and software that incorporate or use certain encryption. We incorporate encryption technology into certain of our products and our products, software and technology may require export authorization including by license, a license exception or other appropriate government authorization for export, reexport or transfer outside of the United States. In addition, various countries regulate the import of certain encryption technology, including import permitting and licensing requirements, and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our products or could limit our customers’ ability to implement our products in those countries. We cannot assure you that inadvertent violations of such laws have not occurred or will not occur in connection with the distribution of our products and services despite the precautions we take. Governmental regulation of encryption technology and regulation of imports or exports, or our failure to obtain any required import or export approval for our products, technology, software, services or platform could harm our international sales and adversely affect our results of operations.

Further, if our channel or other partners fail to obtain any appropriate import, export, or re-export licenses or permits, we may also be harmed, become the subject of government investigations or penalties, and incur reputational harm. In addition, access to our supply chain in China may be further restricted by future U.S. actions taken against China, such as Chinese suppliers being targeted by U.S. sanctions or being added to lists of denied persons maintained by the U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS). Changes in our platform, products, services, technology and software or changes in export and import regulations may create delays in the introduction of our Dot Cloud SaaS platform in international markets, prevent our customers with international operations from deploying our platform globally or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our platform to certain countries, governments, or persons altogether. Any change in export or import laws or regulations, economic sanctions, or related legislation, shift in the enforcement or scope of existing laws and regulations, or change in the countries, governments, persons, or technologies targeted by such laws and regulations, could result in decreased use of our platform by, or in our decreased ability to export or sell subscriptions to our platform to, existing or potential customers with international operations. Any decreased use of our platform, products, services, technology and software or limitation on our ability to export or sell our platform would likely harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Regulations related to conflict minerals may cause us to incur additional expenses and could limit the supply and increase the costs of certain metals used in the manufacturing of our products.

We are subject to requirements under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 that require us to conduct due diligence on and disclose whether or not our products contain conflict minerals as defined under these provisions. The implementation of these requirements could adversely affect the sourcing, availability, and pricing of the materials used in the manufacture of components used in our devices. In addition, we incur additional costs to comply with the disclosure requirements, including costs related to conducting diligence procedures to determine the sources of minerals that may be used in or necessary for the production of our devices and, if applicable, potential changes to devices, processes, or sources of supply as a consequence of such due diligence activities. It is also possible that we may face reputational harm if we determine that certain of our devices contain minerals not determined to be conflict-free or if we are unable to alter our products, processes, or sources of supply to avoid such materials.

Regulation changes in the use of artificial intelligence are unpredictable and therefore we are not able to accurately predict how potential regulatory changes in artificial intelligence space may affect our current and future offerings.

Artificial intelligence (“AI”) is enabled by or integrated into some of our existing solutions and may play an increased role in our future offerings. The use of AI is a topic that has attracted the attention of lawmakers and regulators recently. It is hard to predict, especially in a presidential election year, what changes may come in this area in the near future. We encourage all investors to be vigilant to public policy developments in this area and will report on applicable constraints as they potentially emerge.

We may face fines, penalties, or other costs, either directly or vicariously, if any of our partners, resellers, contractors, vendors or other third parties fail to adhere to their compliance obligations under our policies and applicable law.

We use a number of third parties to perform services or act on our behalf in areas like sales, network infrastructure, administration, research, and marketing. It may be the case that one or more of those third parties fail to adhere to our policies or violate applicable federal, state, local, and international laws, including but not limited to, those related to corruption, bribery, economic sanctions, and export/import controls. Despite the significant efforts in asserting and maintaining control and compliance by these third parties, we may be held fully liable for third parties’ actions as fully as if they were a direct employee of ours. Such liabilities may create harm to our reputation, inhibit our plans for expansion, or lead to extensive liability either to private parties or government regulators, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Risks Related to Cybersecurity and Technology

Security incidents or real or perceived errors, failures or bugs in our systems or our website could impair our operations, result in loss of personal customer information, damage our reputation, and brand, and harm our business and operating results.

Our continued success is dependent on our systems, applications, and software continuing to operate and to meet the changing needs of our customers and users. We rely on our technology and engineering staff and vendors to successfully implement changes to and maintain our systems and services in an efficient and secure manner. Like all information systems and technology, our website may contain material errors, failures, vulnerabilities or bugs, particularly when new features or capabilities are released, and may be subject to computer viruses or malicious code, break-ins, phishing impersonation attacks, attempts to overload our servers with denial-of-service or other attacks, ransomware and similar incidents or disruptions from unauthorized use of our computer systems, as well as unintentional incidents causing data leakage, any of which could lead to interruptions, delays or website or online app shutdowns, or could cause loss of critical data or the unauthorized disclosure, access, acquisition, alteration or use of personal or other confidential information.

If we experience compromises to our security that result in technology performance, integrity, or availability problems, the complete shutdown of our website or the loss or unauthorized disclosure, access, acquisition, alteration or use of confidential information, customers may lose trust and confidence in us, and customers may decrease the use of our website or stop using our website entirely. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable, or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently, often they are not recognized until launched against a target, and may originate from less regulated and remote areas around the world, we may be unable to proactively address these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Even if we take steps that we believe are adequate to protect us from cyber threats, hacking against our competitors or other companies could create the perception among our customers or potential customers that our website is not safe to use.

A significant impact on the performance, reliability, security, and availability of our systems, software, or services may harm our reputation, impair our ability to operate, retain existing customers or attract new customers, and expose us to legal claims and government action, each of which could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, and growth prospects.

We are fundamentally in the data business, and as such have taken steps to use leading edge encryption and security measures in our IT deployments. However, the risk is real that our systems could be penetrated and cause business disruption and damage our brand in the marketplace.

Our continued success is dependent on our systems, applications, and software continuing to operate and to meet the changing needs of our customers and users. We rely on our technology and engineering staff and vendors to successfully implement changes to and maintain our systems and services in an efficient and secure manner. Like all information systems and technology, our website may contain material errors, failures, vulnerabilities or bugs, particularly when new features or capabilities are released, and may be subject to computer viruses or malicious code, break-ins, phishing impersonation attacks, attempts to overload our servers with denial-of-service or other attacks, ransomware and similar incidents or disruptions from unauthorized use of our computer systems, as well as unintentional incidents causing data leakage, any of which could lead to interruptions, delays or website or online app shutdowns, or could cause loss of critical data or the unauthorized disclosure, access, acquisition, alteration or use of personal or other confidential information.

If we experience compromises to our security that result in technology performance, integrity, or availability problems, the complete shutdown of our website or the loss or unauthorized disclosure, access, acquisition, alteration or use of confidential information, customers may lose trust and confidence in us, and customers may decrease the use of our website or stop using our website entirely. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable, or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently, often they are not recognized until launched against a target, and may originate from less regulated and remote areas around the world, we may be unable to proactively address these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Even if we take steps that we believe are adequate to protect us from cyber threats, hacking against our competitors or other companies could create the perception among our customers or potential customers that our website is not safe to use.

A significant impact on the performance, reliability, security, and availability of our systems, software, or services may harm our reputation, impair our ability to operate, retain existing customers or attract new customers, and expose us to legal claims and government action, each of which could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, and growth prospects.

If we experience a security breach or incident affecting our customers’ assets or data, our data or devices, our Dot Cloud SaaS platform, or other systems, our Dot Cloud SaaS platform may be perceived as not being secure, our reputation may be harmed and our business could be materially and adversely affected.

As part of our business, we process, store, and transmit our customers’ information and data as well as our own, including in our Dot Cloud SaaS platform, networks, and other systems, and we rely on third parties that are not directly under our control to do so as well. We and many of our third-party partners, including our service providers, have security measures and disaster response plans in place to help protect our customers’ data, our data, our solution, and other systems against unauthorized access. However, we cannot assure you that these security measures and disaster response plans will be adequate or effective against all security threats, including those from malicious insiders, ransomware and other malware, denial of service and other attacks, and natural disasters and other sources of disruptions to the operation of our Dot Cloud SaaS platform or our or our third-party partners’ other operations, including power outages and telecommunications and other failures. Our or our third-party partners’ systems and security measures may be breached or otherwise fail as a result of malicious insiders or third-party action, including intentional misconduct by computer hackers, phishing and other means of social engineering, including fraudulent inducement of employees or customers to disclose sensitive information such as usernames or passwords, and employee error or malfeasance. Advances in computer capabilities, new technological discoveries or other developments may result in cyberattacks becoming more sophisticated and more difficult to detect. Any such breach or failure could result in the loss, corruption, or unavailability of data or someone acquiring our or our customers’ data or obtaining unauthorized access to our customers’ data, our data, our Dot Cloud SaaS platform, or other systems. Because a security breach could materialize and techniques used by malicious actors continue to evolve, we and our third-party partners may be unable to anticipate security breaches and implement adequate preventative measures. We incur significant costs in our efforts to detect and prevent security breaches and other security-related incidents and we expect to incur additional costs in connection with improvements to our systems and processes to prevent further breaches and incidents. In the event of a future breach or incident, we could be required to expend additional significant capital and other resources in an effort to prevent further breaches or incidents, which may require us to divert substantial resources. Moreover, we could be required or otherwise find it appropriate to expend significant capital and other resources to respond to, notify third parties of, and otherwise address the incident or breach and its root cause. Each of these could require us to divert substantial resources.

Third parties may also conduct attacks designed to temporarily deny customers access to our Dot Cloud SaaS platform or to disrupt or otherwise impede such access or our solutions’ performance. Any actual or perceived security breach or incident affecting our Dot Cloud SaaS platform or operations, or data we or our service providers process or maintain, denial of service attack or other disruption to our Dot Cloud SaaS platform could result in a loss of customer confidence in the security or integrity of our solution and damage to our brand and reputation, reduce the demand for our solution, disrupt our normal business operations, require us to spend material resources to correct the breach or incident and otherwise respond to it, expose us to legal liabilities including claims and litigation by private parties, regulatory investigations and other proceedings, and indemnity obligations, and materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. These risks will increase as we continue to grow the scale and functionality of our Dot Cloud SaaS platform and as we process, store, and transmit increasingly large amounts of information and data, which may include proprietary or confidential data or personal or identifying information. Our liability in connection with any security breaches, incidents, cyberattacks or other disruptions to our solution or operations may not be adequately covered by insurance, and such events may result in an increase in our costs for insurance or insurance not being available to us on economically feasible terms, or at all. Insurers may also deny us coverage as to any future claim. Any of these results could harm our growth prospects, financial condition, business and reputation.

Abuse or misuse of our internal platform controls and system tools could cause significant harm to our business and reputation.

In order to provide real-time support to our customers, we have created internal platform controls and system tools that are used by our employees to diagnose and correct customer issues. If our employees were to intentionally abuse these platform controls and system tools, for example, by interfering with or altering our devices or our customers’ connected assets and accessing our customers’ data, or otherwise violate company policies, our customers could be significantly harmed. For example, our employees have historically had access to customers’ data, and although we have implemented greater access controls over time, such controls may not ensure that our employees’ use of customers’ data is in all cases appropriate. Any abuse or misuse by our employees of our internal platform controls and system tools, even if inadvertent, could result in potential legal liability and reputational damage to both our customers and us. Accordingly, any improper conduct, abuse or misuse, intentional or otherwise, of our platform controls and system tools could significantly and adversely harm our business and reputation.

Business disruptions or performance problems associated with our technology and infrastructure, including interruptions, delays, or failures in service from our third-party data center hosting facilities and other third-party services, could adversely affect our results of operations.

Continued adoption of our solution depends in part on the ability of our existing and potential customers to access our solution within a reasonable amount of time. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, disruptions, data loss, outages, and other performance problems with our solution and infrastructure due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, introductions of new functionality, human or software errors, capacity constraints, or other security-related incidents. If our solution is unavailable or if our users and customers are unable to access our solution within a reasonable amount of time, or at all, we may experience a decline in renewals, damage to our brand, or other harm to our business. The impact upon our customers may be further heightened by the nature of our solution connecting to their physical infrastructure, which may impede or harm their fleet, equipment, sites or other physical operations. To the extent that we do not effectively address capacity constraints, upgrade our systems as needed, and continually develop our technology and network architecture to accommodate actual and anticipated changes in technology, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

A significant portion of our critical business operations are concentrated in the United States and are supported by third-party hosting facilities. We are an automated business, and a disruption or failure of our systems, or of the third-party hosting facilities and other third-party services that we use, could cause delays in completing sales and providing services. For example, from time to time, our data center hosting facilities have experienced outages. Such disruptions or failures could also include a major earthquake, blizzard, fire, cyber-attack, act of terrorism, or other catastrophic event, or a decision by one of our third-party service providers to close facilities that we use without adequate notice, or other unanticipated problems with the third-party services that we use, including a failure to meet service standards.

Interruptions or performance problems with either our technology and infrastructure or our data center hosting facilities could, among other things:

Any of the above could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may be unable to prevent or address the misappropriation of our data.

From time to time, third parties may misappropriate our data through website scraping, robots or other means and aggregate this data on their websites with data from other companies. In addition, copycat websites or online apps may misappropriate data and attempt to imitate our brand or the functionality of our website. If we become aware of such websites or online apps, we intend to employ technological or legal measures in an attempt to halt their operations. However, we may be unable to detect all such websites or online apps in a timely manner and, even if we could, technological and legal measures may be insufficient to halt their operations. In some cases, particularly in the case of websites or online apps operating outside of the United States, our available remedies may not be adequate to protect us against the effect of the operation of such websites or online apps. Regardless of whether we can successfully enforce our rights against the operators of these websites or online apps, any measures that we may take could require us to expend significant financial or other resources, which could harm our business, results of operations or financial condition. In addition, to the extent that such activity creates confusion among consumers or advertisers, our brand and business could be harmed.

We rely on third-party software for certain essential financial and operational services, and a failure or disruption in these services could materially and adversely affect our ability to manage our business effectively.

We rely on third-party software to provide many essential financial and operational services to support our business, including enterprise resource planning, customer relationship management, and human capital management. Many of these vendors are less established and have shorter operating histories than traditional software vendors. Moreover, many of these vendors provide their services to us via a cloud-based model instead of software that is installed on our premises. As a result, we depend upon these vendors to provide us with services that are always available and are free of errors or defects that could cause disruptions in our business processes. Any failure by these vendors to do so, or any disruption in our ability to access the Internet, would materially and adversely affect our ability to effectively manage our operations.

Failure to protect our proprietary technology and intellectual property rights could substantially harm our business and results of operations.

Our success depends to a significant degree on our ability to protect our proprietary technology, methodologies, know-how, and branding. We rely on a combination of trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets and other intellectual property laws, contractual restrictions, and technical organizational security and confidentiality procedures to establish and protect our proprietary rights. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property rights may be limited or inadequate. For instance, we will not be able to protect our intellectual property rights if we are unable to enforce our rights or if we do not detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights, or unauthorized or unlawful use of our software, technology or intellectual property rights. We also cannot guarantee that our intellectual property rights will provide competitive advantages to us, that our ability to assert our intellectual property rights against potential competitors or to settle current or future disputes will not be limited by our relationships with third parties, that any of our pending or future patent applications will have the coverage originally sought, or that we will not lose the ability to assert our intellectual property rights against or to license our technology to others and collect royalties or other payments. Further, the laws of some countries may not be as protective of intellectual property rights as those in the United States, and mechanisms for enforcement of intellectual property rights may be inadequate.

In addition, despite our precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy our products, use information that we regard as proprietary to create offerings that compete with ours, or infringe upon or misappropriate our intellectual property. There is also no guarantee that third parties will abide by the terms of our agreements or that we will be able to adequately enforce our contractual rights. We may also be unable to prevent third parties from acquiring or using domain names or trademarks that are similar to, infringe upon, or diminish the value of our trademarks and other proprietary rights, thereby impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to potential confusion in the market and damage to our reputation and business.

If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights adequately, our competitors or other third parties may gain access to our proprietary technology and our business may be harmed. In addition, defending our intellectual property rights might entail significant resources and expenses, as detailed below.

There can be no assurance that our patents or patent applications will be enforceable or otherwise upheld as valid.

Any patents, trademarks, or other intellectual property rights that we have obtained or may obtain may be challenged by others or invalidated, circumvented, abandoned or lapse. As of September 30, 2024, our patent portfolio consisted of 2 issued U.S. patents, and 1 U.S. patent applications pending for examination. As of September 30, 2024, we did not have any non-U.S. patents or patent applications. There can be no assurance that our patent applications will result in issued patents. Even if we continue to seek patent protection in the future, we may be unable to obtain further patent protection for our technology. There can also be no assurance that our patents or application will be equally enforceable or otherwise protected by the laws of non-U.S. jurisdictions.

In addition, given the costs, effort, risks and downside of obtaining patent protection, including the requirement to ultimately disclose the invention to the public, we may choose not to seek patent protection for certain innovations; however, such patent protection could later on prove to be important to our business. Further, any patents may not provide us with competitive advantages, or may be successfully challenged by third parties. Furthermore, legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability, and scope of protection of intellectual property rights are uncertain.

Confidentiality agreements with employees and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information.

To protect our trade secrets, confidential information and distribution of our proprietary information, we generally enter into confidentiality, non-compete, proprietary, and invention assignment agreements with our employees and consultants and enter into confidentiality agreements with other parties. We also have entered into confidentiality agreements to protect our confidential information delivered to third parties for research and other purposes. No assurance can be given that these agreements will be effective in controlling access to trade secrets, confidential information and distribution of our proprietary information, especially in certain U.S. states and countries that are less willing to enforce such agreements. Further, these agreements may not prevent our competitors from independently developing technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our products. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets and confidential information, and in such cases we could not assert any trade secret rights against such parties. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our trade secret rights and related confidentiality and nondisclosure provisions, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection, or our competitors’ obtainment of our trade secrets or independent development of unpatented technology similar to ours or competing technologies, could adversely affect our competitive business position.

In order to protect our intellectual property rights and proprietary technology, we may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights and to protect our trade secrets. Litigation brought to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time-consuming, and distracting to management, and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Further, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims, and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Our inability to protect our intellectual property rights and proprietary technology against unauthorized copying or use, as well as any costly litigation or diversion of our management’s attention and resources, could delay further sales or the implementation of our products, impair the functionality of our products, delay introductions of new products, result in our substituting inferior or more costly technologies into our products, or injure our brand and reputation.

We may become subject to intellectual property disputes, which are costly and may subject us to significant liability and increased costs of doing business.

Third parties may in the future claim that our operations and solutions infringe their intellectual property rights, and such claims may result in legal claims against our customers and us. These claims may damage our brand and reputation, harm our customer relationships, and result in liability for us. We expect the number of such claims will increase as the number of solutions and the level of competition in our market grows, the functionality of our solution overlaps with that of other products and services, and the volume of issued patents and patent applications continues to increase. We may have agreed in certain customer contracts to indemnify customers, and have accepted tenders for indemnification from certain of such customers, for expenses or liabilities they incur as a result of third-party intellectual property infringement claims associated with our solution. To the extent that any claim arises as a result of third-party technology we use in our solutions, we may be unable to recover from the appropriate third party any expenses or other liabilities that we incur.

Companies in the software and technology industries, including some of our current and potential competitors, own patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets and frequently enter into litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. In addition, many of these companies have the capability to dedicate substantially greater resources to enforce their intellectual property rights and to defend claims that may be brought against them than we do. Furthermore, patent holding companies, non-practicing entities, and other patent owners that are not deterred by our existing intellectual property protections may seek to assert patent claims against us. Third parties may assert patent, copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property rights against us, our channel partners, our technology partners, or our customers. We may be subject to litigation in the future, that claims we have misappropriated, misused, or infringed other parties’ intellectual property rights, and, to the extent we gain greater market visibility, we face a higher risk of being the subject of intellectual property infringement claims, which is not uncommon in our industry. These and other possible disagreements could lead to delays in the collaborative research, development or commercialization of our solutions, or could require or result in costly and time-consuming litigation that may not be decided in our favor. Any such event could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

There may be third-party intellectual property rights, including issued or pending patents, that cover significant aspects of our technologies or business methods. In addition, if we acquire or license technologies from third parties, we may be exposed to increased risk of being the subject of intellectual property infringement due to, among other things, our lower level of visibility into the development process with respect to such technology and the care taken to safeguard against infringement risks. These claims may damage our brand and reputation, harm our customer relationships, and create liability for us.

Any intellectual property claims, with or without merit, could be very time-consuming, could be expensive to settle or litigate, and could divert our management’s attention and other resources. These claims could also subject us to significant liability for damages, potentially including treble damages if we are found to have willfully infringed patents or copyrights, and may require us to indemnify our customers for liabilities they incur as a result of such claims. These claims could also result in our having to stop using technology found to be in violation of a third party’s rights. We might be required to seek a license for the intellectual property, which may not be available on reasonable terms or at all. Even if a license were available, we could be required to pay significant royalties, which would increase our operating expenses. Alternatively, we could be required to develop alternative non-infringing technology, which could require significant time, effort, and expense, and may affect the performance or features of our solution. If we cannot license or develop alternative non-infringing substitutes for any infringing technology used in any aspect of our business, we would be forced to limit or stop sales of our solution and may be unable to compete effectively. Any of these results would adversely affect our business operations and financial condition.

Our exposure to risks associated with the use of intellectual property may be increased as a result of acquisitions.

Our exposure to risks associated with the use of intellectual property may be increased as a result of acquisitions, as we have a lower level of visibility into the development process with respect to acquired technology or the care taken to safeguard against infringement risks. Third parties may make infringement and similar or related claims after we have acquired technology that had not been asserted prior to our acquisition. Any of these results would harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. These risks have been amplified by the increase in third parties whose sole or primary business is to assert such claims.

Issues in the use of artificial intelligence (“AI”) in our solution may result in reputational harm or liability.

AI is enabled by or integrated into some of our existing solutions and may play an increased role in our future offerings. As with many developing technologies, AI presents risks and challenges that could affect its further development, adoption, and use, and therefore our business. AI algorithms may be flawed. Datasets may be insufficient, of poor quality, or contain biased information. Inappropriate or controversial data practices by data scientists, engineers, and end-users of our systems could impair the acceptance of AI solutions. If the recommendations, forecasts, or analyses that AI applications assist in producing are or are alleged to be deficient or inaccurate, we could be subjected to competitive harm, potential legal liability, and brand or reputational harm. Some AI scenarios may also present ethical issues. Though our business practices are designed to mitigate many of these risks, if we enable or offer AI solutions that are controversial because of their purported or real impact on human rights, privacy, employment, or other social issues, we may experience brand or reputational harm.

Our use of open source software could negatively affect our ability to sell subscriptions to our Dot Cloud SaaS platform and subject us to possible litigation.

Our Dot Cloud SaaS platform incorporates open source software, and we expect to continue to incorporate open source software in our Dot Cloud SaaS platform in the future. Few of the licenses applicable to open source software have been interpreted by courts, and there is a risk that these licenses could be construed in a manner that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our solution or other products we may develop in the future. We also rely upon third-party, non-employee contractors to perform certain development services on our behalf, and we cannot be certain that such contractors will comply with our review processes or not incorporate software code made available under open source licenses into our proprietary code base.

We may be found to have used open source software in our software in a manner that is inconsistent with the terms of the applicable license or our current policies and procedures. For example, certain kinds of open source licenses may require that any person who creates a product or service that contains, links to, or is derived from software that was subject to an open source license must also make their own product or service subject to the same open source license. If these requirements are found to apply to our products and we fail to comply with them, we may be subject to certain requirements, including requirements that we offer additional portions of our solutions for no cost, that we make available additional source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using the open source software, and that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of applicable open source licenses.

If an author or other third party that distributes such open source software were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of one or more of these licenses, we could be required to incur significant legal expenses defending against such allegations and could be subject to significant damages, enjoined from the sale of our products that contained the open source software, or required to comply with onerous conditions or restrictions on these products, which could disrupt the distribution and sale of these products. In addition, there have been claims challenging the ownership rights in open source software against companies that incorporate open source software into their products, and the licensors of such open source software provide no warranties or indemnities with respect to such claims. Moreover, we cannot assure you that our processes for controlling our use of open source software in our solution will be effective. In any of these events, we and our customers could be required to seek licenses from third parties in order to continue offering our products, to re-engineer our products, or to discontinue the sale of our products in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis. We and our customers may also be subject to suits by parties claiming infringement, misappropriation or violation due to the reliance by our solutions on certain open source software, and such litigation could be costly for us to defend or subject us to an injunction.

Some open source projects provided on an “as-is” basis have known vulnerabilities and architectural instabilities which, if used in our product and not properly addressed, could negatively affect the security or performance of our product. Any of the foregoing could require us to devote additional research and development resources to re-engineer our solutions, could result in customer dissatisfaction, and may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Indemnity provisions in various agreements potentially expose us to substantial liability for intellectual property infringement, misappropriation, violation, and other losses.

Our agreements with customers and other third parties have in some cases included indemnification provisions under which we agree to indemnify them for losses suffered or incurred as a result of claims of intellectual property infringement, misappropriation or violation, damages caused by us to property or persons, or other liabilities relating to or arising from our solution or other contractual obligations. Large indemnity payments could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Pursuant to certain agreements, we do not have a cap on our liability and any payments under such agreements would harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Although we normally contractually limit our liability with respect to some of these indemnity obligations, we may still incur substantial liability related to them. Any dispute with a customer with respect to such obligations could have adverse effects on our relationship with that customer and other existing customers and new customers and harm our business and results of operations.

We rely on the availability of licenses to third-party technology that may be difficult to replace or that may cause errors or delay implementation of our solution should we not be able to continue or obtain a commercially reasonable license to such technology.

Our Dot Cloud SaaS platform relies on software or other intellectual property licensed from third parties. It may be necessary in the future to renew licenses relating to various aspects of these solutions or to seek new licenses for existing or new solutions. There can be no assurance that the necessary licenses would be available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. Third parties may terminate their licenses with us for a variety of reasons, including actual or perceived failures or breaches of contractual commitments, or they may choose not to renew their licenses with us. In addition, we may be subject to liability if third-party software that we license is found to infringe, misappropriate, or otherwise violate intellectual property or privacy rights of others. The loss of, or inability to obtain, certain third-party licenses or other rights or to obtain such licenses or rights on favorable terms, or the need to engage in litigation regarding these matters, could result in product roll-backs or delays in product releases until equivalent technology can be identified, licensed or developed, if at all, and integrated into our solutions, and it may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Moreover, the use by our solution of software or other intellectual property licensed from third parties on a nonexclusive basis could limit our ability to differentiate our solution from products of our competitors and could inhibit our ability to provide the current level of service to existing customers.

Changes in or the loss of third-party licenses could lead to our solutions becoming inoperable or the performance of our solutions being materially reduced, resulting in the potential need to incur additional research and development costs to ensure continued performance of our solutions or a material increase in the costs of licensing, and we may experience decreased demand for our solutions.

Risks Related to Being a Public Company

The market price and trading volume of our Common Stock and Public Warrants may be highly volatile and could decline significantly.

Securities markets worldwide experience significant price and volume fluctuations. This market volatility, as well as general economic, market or political conditions, could reduce the market price of our Common Stock and Public Warrants in spite of our operating performance. We cannot assure you that the market price of our Common Stock and Public Warrants will not fluctuate widely or decline significantly in the future in response to a number of factors, including any of the risks presented under this section entitled “Risk Factors” or presented elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus, and, among others, the following:

In addition, broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our Common Stock, regardless of our actual operating performance, and factors beyond our control may cause our stock price to decline rapidly and unexpectedly. In addition, in the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Litigation of this type could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. Any adverse determination in litigation could also subject us to significant liabilities.

Broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of our securities irrespective of our operating performance. The stock market in general and Nasdaq in particular have experienced price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the particular companies affected. The trading prices and valuations of these stocks, and of our securities, may not be predictable. A loss of investor confidence in the market for retail stocks or the stocks of other companies which investors perceive to be similar to us following the business combination could depress our stock price regardless of our business, prospects, financial conditions or results of operations. A decline in the market price of our securities also could adversely affect our ability to issue additional securities and our ability to obtain additional financing in the future.

Our management team has limited experience managing a public company.

Most members of our management team have limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors, and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies. Our management team may not successfully or efficiently manage our transition to being a public company subject to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under the federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. These new obligations and constituents will require significant attention from our senior management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of our business, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our shares or if our results of operations do not meet their expectations, our share price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our Common Stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. Securities and industry analysts do not currently, and may never, publish research on us. If no securities or industry analysts commence coverage of us, the trading price of our shares would likely be negatively impacted. In the event securities or industry analysts-initiated coverage, and one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our share price or trading volume to decline. Moreover, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock, or if our results of operations do not meet their expectations, our share price could decline.

As a public company, we are subject to additional laws, regulations, and stock exchange listing standards, which impose additional costs on us and may strain our resources and divert our management’s attention.

As a company with publicly traded securities, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, the listing requirements of the Nasdaq and other applicable securities laws and regulations.

These rules and regulations require that we adopt additional controls and procedures and disclosure, corporate governance and other practices thereby significantly increasing our legal, financial, and other compliance costs. These obligations make other aspects of our business more difficult, time-consuming, or costly and increase demand on our personnel, systems, and other resources. For example, to maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, we need to commit significant resources, hire additional staff, and provide additional management oversight. Furthermore, as a result of the disclosure of information in this prospectus and in our Exchange Act and other filings required of a public company, our business and financial condition will become more visible, which we believe may give some of our competitors who may not be similarly required to disclose this type of information a competitive advantage. In addition to these added costs and burdens, if we are unable to satisfy our obligations as a public company, we could be subject to delisting of our Common Stock, fines, sanctions, other regulatory actions, and civil litigation, any of which could negatively affect the price of our Common Stock.

Our Charter provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or the federal district courts within the State of Delaware if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, will be the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees. These exclusive-forum provisions do not apply to claims under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

Our Charter provides provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, employees or agents or our stockholders, (3) any action asserting a claim against us or any director or officer arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our Charter or Bylaws, or (4) any other action asserting a claim that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or federal court located within the State of Delaware if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, in all cases subject to the court’s having jurisdiction over indispensable parties named as defendants. Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act, and accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such Securities Act claims. To prevent having to litigate claims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of inconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other considerations, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternate forum, the federal courts will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Our Charter does not address or apply to claims that arise under the Exchange Act; however, Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. The enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation and bylaws has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that, in connection with any action, a court could find the choice of forum provisions contained in our Charter and Bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in such action.

Although we believe these provisions benefit us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law for the specified types of actions and proceedings, the provisions may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against us or our directors and officers. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our Charter and Bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, financial condition, and operating results. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in our shares of capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to this exclusive forum provision but will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

A significant portion of our total outstanding shares of Common Stock are restricted from immediate resale but may be sold into the market in the near future. This could cause the market price of our Common Stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.

At the Closing, we entered into the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement with each of SEE ID and certain of the holders party thereto, pursuant to, and on the terms and conditions of which, subject to certain exceptions, such holders shall not transfer or make any announcement of any intention to effect a transfer of any of the equity interests of securities of the Company beneficially owned by the holder during the period ending 180 days following the Closing.

Following the applicable expiration of the lock-up period, the holders subject to the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement will not be restricted from selling shares of our Common Stock held by them, other than by applicable securities laws. As such, sales of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of our Common Stock.

As restrictions on resale end and registration statements for the sale of shares of Common Stock by the parties to the registration rights agreement are available for use, the sale or possibility of sale of these shares of Common Stock, could have the effect of increasing the volatility in the market price of our Common Stock, or decreasing the market price itself.

Our Warrants will become exercisable for Common Stock, which will increase the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market and result in dilution to our stockholders.

There are 15,654,983 outstanding Warrants to purchase 15,654,983 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, which Warrants became exercisable 30 days after the completion of the Business Combination. To the extent such Warrants are exercised, additional shares of Common Stock will be issued, which will result in dilution to the holders of our Common Stock and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares of Common Stock in the public market or the fact that such Warrants may be exercised could adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.

Our quarterly operating results and other operating metrics may fluctuate from quarter to quarter, which makes these metrics difficult to predict.

Our quarterly operating results and other operating metrics have fluctuated in the past and may continue to fluctuate from quarter to quarter. As a result, you should not rely on our past quarterly operating results as indicators of future performance. You should take into account the risks and uncertainties frequently encountered by companies in rapidly evolving markets. Our financial condition and operating results in any given quarter can be influenced by numerous factors, many of which we are unable to predict or are outside of our control, including:

Any one of the factors above or the cumulative effect of some of the factors above may result in significant fluctuations in our operating results.

The variability and unpredictability of our quarterly operating results or other operating metrics could result in our failure to meet our expectations or those of analysts that cover us or investors with respect to revenue or other operating results for a particular period. If we fail to meet or exceed such expectations, the market price of our Common Stock could fall substantially, and we could face costly lawsuits, including securities class action suits.

Failure to establish and maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.

We are not currently required to comply with the rules of the SEC implementing Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and are therefore not required to make a formal assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for that purpose. Upon becoming a public company, we will be required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which will require management to certify financial and other information in our quarterly and annual reports and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of controls over financial reporting.

Although we will be required to disclose changes made in our internal controls and procedures on a quarterly basis, we will not be required to make our first annual assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 until the year following our first annual report required to be filed with the SEC. As an emerging growth company, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 until the later of (i) the year following our first annual report required to be filed with the SEC or (ii) the date we are no longer an emerging growth company. At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our controls are documented, designed, or operating.

To comply with the requirements of being a public company, we have undertaken various actions, and will need to take additional actions, such as implementing numerous internal controls and procedures and hiring additional accounting or internal audit staff or consultants. Testing and maintaining internal control can divert our management’s attention from other matters that are important to the operation of our business. Additionally, when evaluating our internal control over financial reporting, we may identify material weaknesses that we may not be able to remediate in time to meet the applicable deadline imposed upon us for compliance with the requirements of Section 404. If we identify any material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting or are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting once we are no longer an emerging growth company, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our Common Stock could be negatively affected. We could also become subject to investigations by the SEC, the stock exchange on which our securities are listed or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources. In addition, if we fail to remedy any material weakness, our financial statements could be inaccurate, and we could face restricted access to capital markets.

Taking advantage of the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to “emerging growth companies” may make our Common Stock less attractive to investors.

The JOBS Act provides that, so long as a company qualifies as an “emerging growth company,” it will, among other things:

We currently take advantage of each of the exemptions described above. Further, pursuant to Section 107 of the JOBS Act, as an emerging growth company, we have elected to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. As a result, our operating results and financial statements may not be comparable to the operating results and financial statements of other companies who have adopted the new or revised accounting standards. It is possible that some investors will find our Common Stock less attractive as a result, which may result in a less active trading market for our Common Stock and higher volatility in our stock price. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years following the effectiveness of the registration statement for the Business Combination, though we may cease to be an emerging growth company earlier if (1) we have more than $1.07 billion in annual gross revenue, (2) we qualify as a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, or (3) we issue, in any three-year period, more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities held by non-affiliates. We cannot predict if investors will find our Common Stock less attractive if we elect to rely on these exemptions, or if taking advantage of these exemptions would result in less active trading or more volatility in the price of our Common Stock.

The requirements of being a public company, including maintaining adequate internal control over our financial and management systems, may strain our resources, divert management’s attention, and affect our ability to attract and retain executive management and qualified board members.

As a public company we incur significant legal, accounting, and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. We are currently subject to or may become subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the rules subsequently implemented by the SEC, the rules and regulations of the listing standards of the Nasdaq, and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Compliance with these rules and regulations will likely strain our financial and management systems, internal controls, and employees.

The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly, and current reports with respect to our business and operating results. Moreover, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures, and internal control, over financial reporting. In order to maintain and, if required, improve our disclosure controls and procedures, and internal control over, financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight may be required. If we have material weaknesses or deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting, we may not detect errors on a timely basis and our consolidated financial statements may be materially misstated. Effective internal control is necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and is important to prevent fraud.

In addition, we will be required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act when we cease to be an emerging growth company. We expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. As a result of the complexity involved in complying with the rules and regulations applicable to public companies, our management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm our business, operating results, and financial condition. Although we have already engaged additional resources to assist us in complying with these requirements, our finance team is small and we may need to hire more employees in the future, or engage outside consultants, which will increase our operating expenses.

We also expect that being a public company and complying with applicable rules and regulations will make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to incur substantially higher costs to obtain and maintain the same or similar coverage. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of the Board and qualified executive officers.

Our ability to raise capital in the future may be limited.

Our business and operations may consume resources faster than we anticipate. In the future, we may need to raise additional funds through the issuance of new equity securities, debt, or a combination of both. However, the lapse or waiver of any lock up restrictions or any sale or perception of a possible sale by our stockholders, and any related decline in the market price of our Common Stock, could impair our ability to raise capital. Separately, additional financing may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, we may be unable to fund our capital requirements. If we issue new debt securities, the debt holders would have rights senior to our Common Stock stockholders to make claims on our assets, and the terms of any debt could restrict our operations, including our ability to pay dividends on our Common Stock. If we issue additional equity securities, existing stockholders will experience dilution, and the new equity securities could have rights senior to those of our Common Stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, or nature of our future offerings. Thus, our stockholders bear the risk of our future securities offerings reducing the market price of our Common Stock and diluting their interest.

The forecasts of market growth and other projections included in this proxy statement/prospectus may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the markets in which we compete achieve the forecasted growth, we cannot assure you that our business will grow at a similar rate, if at all.

Growth forecasts and projections are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. The forecasts in this proxy statement/prospectus relating to the expected growth in the direct to consumer vehicle and consumer product protection plan market, including estimates based on our own internal survey data, as well as any corresponding projections related to our potential performance, may prove to be inaccurate. Even if the markets experience the forecasted growth described in this proxy statement/prospectus, we may not grow our business at a similar rate, or at all. Our growth is subject to many factors, including our success in implementing our business strategy, which is subject to many risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, the forecasts of market growth included in this prospectus should not be taken as indicative of our future growth.

Our business and operations could be negatively affected if it becomes subject to any securities litigation or stockholder activism, which could cause us to incur significant expense, hinder execution of business and growth strategy and impact its stock price.

In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company. Stockholder activism, which could take many forms or arise in a variety of situations, has been increasing recently. Volatility in the stock price of our Common Stock or other reasons may in the future cause it to become the target of securities litigation or stockholder activism. Securities litigation and stockholder activism, including potential proxy contests, could result in substantial costs and divert managements and our Board’s attention and resources from our business. Additionally, such securities litigation and stockholder activism could give rise to perceived uncertainties as to our future, adversely affect its relationships with service providers and make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel. Also, we may be required to incur significant legal fees and other expenses related to any securities litigation and activist stockholder matters. Further, its stock price could be subject to significant fluctuation or otherwise be adversely affected by the events, risks and uncertainties of any securities litigation and stockholder activism.

We may amend the terms of the Public Warrants in a manner that may be adverse to holders of our Public Warrants with the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding Public Warrants. As a result, the exercise price of your warrants could be increased, the exercise period could be shortened and the number of shares of Common Stock purchasable upon exercise of a Public Warrant could be decreased, all without a warrant holder’s approval.

The Public Warrants are issued in registered form under a warrant agreement, which provides that the terms of the Public Warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision, and that all other modifications or amendments will require the vote or written consent of the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding Public Warrants, and, solely with respect to any amendment to the terms of the Private Placement Warrants, a majority of the then outstanding Private Placement Warrants. Accordingly, we may amend the terms of the Public Warrants in a manner adverse to a holder if holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding Public Warrants approve of such amendment. Although our ability to amend the terms of the Public Warrants with the consent of at least 50% of the then outstanding Public Warrants is unlimited, examples of such amendments could be amendments to, among other things, increase the exercise price of the Public Warrants, convert the Public Warrants into cash or Common Stock, shorten the exercise period or decrease the number of shares of Common Stock purchasable upon exercise of a Public Warrant.

Your unexpired Public Warrants may be redeemed prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to you, thereby making your Public Warrants worthless.

Outstanding Public Warrants may be redeemed at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per Public Warrant, provided that the last reported sales price of the Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading-day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date we send the notice of Redemption to the Public Warrantholders. If and when the Public Warrants become redeemable by us, we may not exercise its Redemption Rights if the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Public Warrants is not exempt from registration or qualification under applicable state blue sky laws or we are unable to effect such registration or qualification, subject to our obligation in such case to use our best efforts to register or qualify the shares of Common Stock under the blue sky laws of the state of residence in those states in which the Public Warrants were initially offered. Redemption of the outstanding Public Warrants could force you to (i) exercise your Public Warrants and pay the exercise price at a time when it may be disadvantageous for you to do so, (ii) sell your warrants at the then-current market price when you might otherwise wish to hold your warrants or (iii) accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the outstanding warrants are called for Redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of your Public Warrants. None of the Private Placement Warrants will be redeemable by us so long as they are held by their initial purchasers or their permitted transferees.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We are not selling any securities under this prospectus and we will not receive any proceeds from the sale of securities by the Selling Securityholders.

Assuming the exercise of all outstanding warrants for cash, we will receive an aggregate of approximately $180,032,304 but will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon such exercise. We expect to use the net proceeds from the exercise of the Warrants, if any, for general corporate purposes. We will have broad discretion over the use of any proceeds from the exercise of the Warrants. There is no assurance that the holders of the Warrants will elect to exercise for cash any or all of such Warrants. To the extent that any Warrants are exercised on a “cashless basis,” the amount of cash we would receive from the exercise of the Warrants will decrease.

The Selling Securityholders will pay any underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses incurred by the Selling Securityholders for brokerage, accounting, tax or legal services or any other expenses incurred by the Selling Securityholders in disposing of the securities. We will bear the costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of the securities covered by this prospectus, including all registration and filing fees, Nasdaq listing fees and fees and expenses of our counsel and our independent registered public accounting firm.

DETERMINATION OF OFFERING PRICE

The offering price of the shares of Common Stock underlying the Warrants offered hereby is determined by reference to the exercise price of the Warrants of $11.50 per share. The Public Warrants are listed on the Nasdaq under the symbol “DAIC.W.”

We cannot currently determine the price or prices at which shares of our Common Stock or Warrants may be sold by the Selling Securityholders under this prospectus.

MARKET INFORMATION FOR SECURITIES AND DIVIDEND POLICY

Market Information

Our Common Stock and Warrants are currently listed on the Nasdaq under the symbols “DAIC” and “DAIC.W,” respectively. Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, SUAC’s Common Stock and warrants were listed on the Markets Group, Inc. stock exchange under the symbols “SUAC” and “SUAC.WS,” respectively. As of September 4, 2025, there were 27,636,939 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding held of record by 284 holders, and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 15,654,983 shares of Common Stock outstanding held of record by 4 holders.

Dividends

We have not paid any cash dividends on our Common Stock to date. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be dependent upon our revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition. The payment of any cash dividends will be within the discretion of our Board at such time. In addition, we are not currently contemplating and do not anticipate declaring any stock dividends in the foreseeable future as it is currently expected that available cash resources will be utilized in connection with our ongoing operations and development.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Please read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this filing. Some of the information contained in the following discussion and analysis, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. When reviewing the discussion below, you should keep in mind the substantial risks and uncertainties that could impact our business. In particular, we encourage you to review the risks and uncertainties described in “Risks Relating to CID HoldCo, Inc.” or included elsewhere in this Report. These risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements contained in this Report or implied by past results and trends. Forward-looking statements are statements that attempt to forecast or anticipate future developments in our business, financial condition, or results of operations. These statements, like all statements in this report, speak only as of their date (unless another date is indicated), and we undertake no obligation to update or revise these statements in light of future developments.

This section generally discusses our financial condition and results of operations for fiscal years 2023 and 2024, and year-to-year comparisons between Q2 results in 2024 and 2025 in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). A discussion of our financial condition and results of operations and our liquidity and capital resources for fiscal year 2024, and year-to-year comparisons between fiscal years 2023 and 2024 can be found under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

Overview

CID Holdco, Inc. (the “Company”, “CID” or “CID Holdco”), formerly known as SEE ID Inc, dba Dot AI (the “Legacy Company” or “SEE ID”), was incorporated in Delaware with the headquarters in Las Vegas, Nevada. CID helps businesses digitally transform their operations using IoT and AI technology. With significant innovations in radio frequency networking, use of vision system overlays and a cloud-based AI engine, the Company offers a differentiated asset tracking and workflow management solutions for industrial enterprises. Through its technological solutions, CID serves multiple industries including aviation, construction, delivery, military, mining, retail, seaports, medical logistics, warehousing and manufacturing.

We are headquartered in Las Vegas, NV with our management and administrative staff located in Bethesda, MD for East Coast customer engagements and government lobbying activity. We also manufacture hardware in Puerto Rico through our wholly owned subsidiary Dot Works. Our embedded development team and Design for Manufacturing (“DFM”) capability is built around our CTO in Worcester, MA and our core software team is in Bangalore, India.

Throughout the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise noted or otherwise suggested by context, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, “our” refers to the Legacy Company prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, and the Company after the consummation of the Business Combination.

Business Combination 

On June 18, 2025 (the “Closing Date”) the Company consummated the Business Combination transactions by and among the Company, ShoulderUp Technology Acquisition Corp (“SUAC” or “ShoulderUp”), ShoulderUp Merger Sub, Inc., SEI Merger Sub, Inc., and SEE ID, Inc. Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, on the Closing Date, (i) ShoulderUp Merger Sub merged with and into SUAC (the “ShoulderUp Merger”), with SUAC surviving the ShoulderUp Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“SUAC Surviving Company”); and (ii) simultaneously with the ShoulderUp Merger, SEI Merger Sub merged with and into SEE ID (“the SEE ID Merger”), with SEE ID surviving the SEE ID Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Surviving Company”) (the ShoulderUp Merger and the SEE ID Merger, together the “Mergers” and together with the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, the “Business Combination”).

In connection with the Business Combination, CID Holdco filed a registration statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-282600) (as amended, the “Registration Statement”) with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). On June 18, 2025, the Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC. At Closing, the assets and liabilities of Legacy Company were combined with the assets and liabilities ShoulderUp Technology Acquisition Corp on a historical cost basis. All Legacy Company common stock was exchanged for common stock of the Company based upon the exchange ratio as defined in the Business Combination Agreement as Aggregate Merger Consideration (13,000,000 CID Holdco shares) divided by the Company Fully Diluted Common Stock (160,015,641) or 8.124% Stock options of Legacy Company were not exercised and remain outstanding after giving into effect the exchange ratio. In connection with the Business Combination, we incurred transaction costs, settled certain SUAC related party notes through the issuance of common shares, converted SAFE notes into common stock of the Company, and raised cash proceeds from PIPE investors. Additional information regarding the Business Combination and Reverse Recapitalization is provided in Note 4 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

Acquiring New Customers

We believe that we have a substantial opportunity to grow our customer base. We intend to drive new customer acquisition by continuing to invest significantly in sales and marketing to engage our prospective customers, increase brand awareness, and drive adoption of our Dot Cloud platform. Our ability to attract new customers depends on a number of factors, including the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts, macroeconomic factors and their impact on our customers’ businesses, and the success of our efforts to expand internationally.

Expanding Within Our Existing Customer Base

We believe that there is a significant opportunity to expand sales to existing customers following their initial adoption of our Dot Cloud. We will expand our customer base by selling more applications and expanding use of existing applications across geographies and divisions. Our ability to expand within our customer base will depend on a number of factors, including our customers’ satisfaction, pricing, competition, macroeconomic factors, and changes in our customers’ spending levels. While there are many factors involved in this expansion, the Customer Success department will be the key internal driver to retention and expansion of customer revenue. At this juncture, it is not a significant part of our operational expense but will be built out as our bookings increase and our channel support requirements come online.

Investments in Innovation and Future Growth

Our market leadership is supported by continuous innovation in our Dot Cloud, our inventions in IoT data collection and our advances in applying AI to our customer problem sets. We continuously invest in adding new applications and methods to our solution. As such, spending on research and development will always be an important part of our strategy.

However, the driving force that will fuel our company is market growth. Our recent pivot to move most of our spending to Sales and Marketing shows a commitment to our go-to-market strategy. We recognize the need to grow adoption and expand brand awareness as we rise in the space. This fiscal year is a critical period to add productive resources to ensure success is sustained.

Adding additional compliance and oversight resources as we grow and especially as we make a public offering, is a natural and essential step. In addition, our small operations team will continue to grow as the demand increases from our maturing sales pipeline.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue 

We will provide access to our Dot Cloud through subscription arrangements, where the customer is charged a per-subscription fee for access for a specified term. Subscription agreements will contain multiple service elements for one or more of our cloud-based Applications via mobile app(s) or a website that enable data collection and provide access to the cellular network, IoT devices (which we also refer to as connected devices), and support services delivered over the term of the arrangement. Our subscription contracts will typically have an initial term of three to five years and are generally non-cancellable and non-refundable, subject to limited exceptions under our standard terms of service and other exceptions for public sector customers, who are often subject to annual budget appropriations cycles. Our Connected Dot Cloud and IoT devices are highly integrated with the subscription service and together will represent a single performance obligation. Revenues attributable to this combined performance obligation are recognized over time as the services are delivered.

We also provide professional services including onboarding (implementation) services, marketing services, and product consulting. These services were evaluated to be distinct and are treated as separate performance obligations from the subscription services. Revenue related to these services are recognized over time as services are performed.

Currently, revenues are primarily related to the delivery of feasibility study reports to customers seeking to gain insight into how data driven tracking could improve their business, which is recognized upon acceptance of the feasibility report.

Allocation of Overhead Costs

Overhead costs that are not substantially dedicated for use by a specific functional group are allocated based on headcount. Such costs include costs associated with office facilities, depreciation of property and equipment, IT and security expenses, and other expenses, such as corporate software, subscription services, and insurance. Manufacturing overheads are allocated to production based on volume.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales will consists primarily of cellular-related costs, third-party cloud infrastructure expenses, customer support costs, warranty charges, employee-related costs directly associated with our customer support and operations, including salaries, employee benefits and stock-based compensation, amortization of internal-use software development, certain cloud computing implementation costs, expenses related to shipping and handling, packaging, fulfillment, warehousing, write-downs of excess and obsolete inventory, and allocated overhead costs.

As our customers expand and increase, the use of our Dot Cloud driven by additional IoT devices and Applications, our cost of revenue may vary from quarter to quarter as a percentage of our revenue due to the timing and extent of these expenses. We intend to continue to invest additional resources in our Dot Cloud and customer support and operations personnel as we grow our business. The level and timing of investment in these areas will affect our cost of revenue in the future.

Operating Expenses

Research and development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs, including salaries, employee benefits and stock-based compensation, depreciation and other expenses related to prototyping IoT devices, product initiatives, software subscriptions, hosting used in research and development, and allocated overhead costs. We continue to focus our research and development efforts on adding new features and products and enhancing the utility of our Dot Cloud. We capitalize the portion of our internal-use software development costs that meets the criteria for capitalization. We expect our research and development expenses to generally increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in research and development efforts to enhance our Dot Cloud. Our research and development expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of our revenue from period to period due to the timing and extent of these expenses.

Sales and marketing

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs directly associated with our sales and marketing activities, including salaries, employee benefits and stock-based compensation, and sales commissions. Sales and marketing expenses also include expenditures related to advertising, media, marketing, promotional costs, free trial expenses, brand awareness activities, business development, corporate partnerships, travel, conferences and events, professional services, and allocated overhead costs. We also have a heavy reliance on contracted services in these areas which are reflected in the department spend. We plan to continue to invest in sales and marketing to grow our customer base and increase our brand awareness. As a result, we expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future. Our sales and marketing expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of our revenue from period to period due to the timing and extent of these expenses.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses consist of employee-related costs for executive, finance, legal, human resources, facilities, and certain IT personnel, including salaries, employee benefits and stock-based compensation, professional fees for external legal, accounting, recruiting and other consulting services, bad debt, allocated overhead costs, and unallocated lease costs. We expect our general and administrative expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future to support our growth and because of additional costs associated with legal, accounting, compliance, insurance, investor relations, and other areas associated with being a public company. Our general and administrative expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of our revenue from period to period due to the timing and extent of these expenses.

Interest expense

Interest expense consists primarily of interest incurred for our short term bridge loans.

Change in fair value of SAFE agreements

The change in the fair value of SAFE agreements represents the unrealized gains or losses resulting from the fluctuations in the estimated value of the outstanding SAFE agreements, or reevaluation of updated market conditions and company-specific factors.

Transaction costs expensed

The Company accounts for transaction costs incurred in connection with the Business Combination that occurred in June 2025, and therefore transaction costs expensed were not a component of our results of operations during 2024. Costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of equity instruments, such as legal, accounting, and advisory fees related to the merger and recapitalization, are recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital.

Loss from extinguishment of debt

Prior to the Closing of the Business Combination, one lender elected to convert a portion of its outstanding principal and accrued interest into shares of Common Stock. In connection with the bridge loan conversion, the Company derecognized the liability, issued shares of Common Stock and recognized a loss on debt extinguishment, based on the fair value of the Common Stock at the date of Closing.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Revenue, Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit, and Gross Margin

Our total revenue, cost of revenue, gross profit, and gross margin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are summarized as follows:

Revenue increased by $103,391, or 441.1%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 and $377,336, or 370.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in revenue is primarily due to an increase in feasibility studies to new and existing customers.

Cost of goods sold increased by $60,752, or 943.1%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024. Cost of goods sold increased $74,263 or 742.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increases are primarily due to additional warehouse expenditure related to the new Puerto Rico lease and increased tariffs on imported raw materials.

Our gross margin was 47.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 72.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 82.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 90.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in gross margin is primarily due to additional warehouse expenditure related to the new Puerto Rico lease and increased tariffs on imported raw materials.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is summarized as follows:

Research and development expense increased by $29,174, or 19.1%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 and by $302,192, or 110.6%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. Our spending for research and development reflects growing capacity to satisfy customer feature requests and investing in our technology roadmap. The increases are primarily driven by onboarding of additional software and hardware development contractors.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is summarized as follows:

Sales and marketing expense increased by $39,627, or 5.4%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 and by $328,410 or 29.2%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. Our spending for the three months ended March 31, 2025 reflects our continued pivot towards the market, with sales and marketing spending increasing by $328,410 or 29.2% year over year. We expect to increase this further in the following quarter to take advantage of additional public investment to build this department to drive growth.

The increases are primarily driven by the usage of additional modules and users in the customer relationship management software. Customer support labor cost also contributed to the increases.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is summarized as follows:

General and administrative expense increased by $577,988, or 234.7%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024 and increased by $884,360, or 158.6%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increases are primarily due to labor cost pertaining to ramp up of the manufacturing facility in Puerto Rico, shipment of hardware, equipment and inventories between our manufacturing and testing facilities, and increased headcount in back office.

Other expenses – SAFE agreements

The tables below summarize the change in the fair value of SAFE agreements and the SAFE agreements activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

The increase in the change in fair value of SAFE expense line item was primarily driven by the increased estimated fair value of the Company and an increased probability of the Business Combination that closed on June 18, 2025, as described in Note 4 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, qualified as an “Equity Financing.” The Company recognized a fair value change in the SAFE notes of $17,368,415, based on the fair value of the Common Stock at Closing of $14.00 per share. Contemporaneously with the Business Combination that closed on June 18, 2025, all outstanding SAFE notes were converted into 2,909,057 shares of Common Stock. No SAFE notes remained outstanding as of June 30, 2025.

Comparison of years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Revenue, Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit, and Gross Margin

Our total revenue, cost of revenue, gross profit, and gross margin for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:

Revenue decreased by $266,979, or 60.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in revenue is primarily due to a decrease in feasibility studies to new and existing customers. 

Cost of goods sold increased by $257,001, or 295.8%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increases are primarily due to additional support staff salaries, compliance cost and cloud hosting cost.

Our gross margin was (99.2%) for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 80.2% for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in gross margin is primarily due to additional support staff salaries, compliance cost and cloud hosting cost.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is summarized as follows:

Research and development expense decreased by $77,486, or 9.3%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The decreases are primarily driven by reduced utilization of software and hardware development contractors.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is summarized as follows:

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $2,074,994, or 461.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase reflects our continued pivot toward the market and was primarily driven by higher spending on digital marketing services and additional modules and users in our customer relationship management software.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:

General and administrative expense increased by $2,846,507, or 383.6%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increases are primarily due to additional labor costs pertaining to the ramp up of the business.

Other expenses – SAFE agreements

The tables below summarize the change in the fair value of SAFE agreements and the SAFE agreements activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

The increase in the liability balance of SAFE agreements for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to December 31, 2023, was primarily driven by the higher estimated fair value of the Company and the issuance of additional SAFE notes during the year ended December 31, 2024. A corresponding increase in the change in fair value of SAFE notes other expense line items was recorded.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Funding Requirements and Going Concern

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to access sufficient cash flows to meet the short-term and long-term cash requirements of our business operations. To date, we have funded our operations primarily with proceeds from the issuance of common shares to PIPE investors contemporaneously with the close of the Business Combination. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, our growth, our ability to attract and retain customers, the continued market acceptance of our solution, the timing and extent of spending necessary to support our efforts to develop our Dot Cloud and meet our performance obligations related to subscription sales of the same, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, and the impact of macroeconomic conditions on us and our customers’ and partners’ businesses. Further, we may enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in businesses, products, services, and technologies. We will need to raise additional capital in the future to finance our operations and expand our business.

In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 205-40, “Presentation of Financial Statements — Going Concern,” management anticipates the Company will continue to incur substantial operating losses for the next several years and will need to obtain additional near-term financing in order to continue its research and development activities. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on its ability to raise additional capital to fund research and development activities and meet obligations on a timely basis. However, there can be no assurance that sufficient funding will be available to allow us to successfully continue our research and development activities and commercialize our products.

If the Company is unable to obtain necessary funds through its business operations and the proceeds realized through the business combination, significant reductions in spending and the delay or cancellation of planned activities may be necessary. These actions would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and prospects. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date these interim unaudited consolidated financial statements are issued.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had cash of $6,492,646 and $721,032, respectively, and working capital (deficit) of $454,040 and ($1,215,988), respectively.

Sources of Liquidity

To date, we have funded our operations primarily with proceeds from the issuance of common shares to PIPE investors contemporaneously with the close of the Business Combination in the amount of $10,837,643 and proceeds from the issuance of bridge loans. As of June 30, 2025, we had cash of $6,492,646. In the future, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of equity, debt financings, and improvement of cash from operations derived from selling subscriptions to our platform.

As part of its funding efforts, on June 18, 2025, the Company entered into a Standby Equity Purchase Agreement (“SEPA”) with New Circle Principal Investment LLC (“New Circle”), which provides the Company the right, but not the obligation, to direct New Circle from time to time to purchase up to $50 million of the Company’s Common Shares during the commitment period ending June 18, 2028, at a discount of the volume-weighted average price (VWAP) over a defined pricing period. Under the SEPA, the Company may sell shares to the New Circle at a price based on either: option 1 – 97% of the lowest daily VWAP over the three trading days following the purchase notice, or option 2 – the greater of 85% of the VWAP or the lowest sale price on a specific trading day determined by the timing of the notice.

The Company has the option to issue a variable number of shares of Common Stock or cash in satisfaction of the $350,000 commitment fee agreed upon in SEPA. The Company has not paid the commitment fee as of the date the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Any purchase would be subject to certain limitations, including that New Circle shall not purchase any shares that would result in it and its affiliates beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the then outstanding voting power or number of shares of Common Stock or any shares that would exceed 19.99% of all shares of Common Stock of the Company outstanding on the date of the SEPA, unless Company shareholder approval was obtained allowing for issuances in excess of such amount (the “Exchange Cap”). The Exchange Cap will not apply under certain circumstances, including where the average purchase price of all applicable sales of Common Shares equals or exceeds the lower of (i) the Nasdaq Official Closing Price immediately preceding the Effective Date; or (ii) the average Nasdaq Official Closing Price for the five Trading Days immediately preceding the Effective Date.

Cash Flows

Comparison of Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

The following table shows a summary of our cash flow for the periods presented:

Comparison of years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

The following table shows a summary of our cash flow for the periods presented:

Operating Activities

Our largest source of operating cash is from investments made by our shareholders. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are for employee-related expenditures, sales and marketing expenses, inventory purchases, and research & development activities. We generated negative cash flows from operations in the preceding two fiscal years. We have supplemented working capital through net proceeds from the sale of equity securities, issuance of SAFE agreements and bridge loans.

Cash used in operating activities was $3.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. This consisted of a net loss of $30.1 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $18.5 million, and changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $7.8 million. The non-cash charges were primarily composed of change in fair value expense of $17.4 million and loss on extinguishment of debt of $5.7 million.

Cash used in operating activities was $2.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. This consisted of a net loss of $16.2 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $13.6 million, and changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $229 thousand. The non-cash charges were primarily composed of change in fair value SAFE note expense of $13.5 million.

Cash used in operating activities was $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. This consisted of a net loss of $21.5 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $14.7 million, and changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $3.5 million. The non-cash charges were primarily composed of change in fair value SAFE note expense of $14.5 million.

Cash used in operating activities was $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This consisted of a net loss of $1.9 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $325 thousand, and changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $54 thousand. The non-cash charges were primarily composed of change in fair value SAFE note expense of $263 thousand. 

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was $744 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2025, which primarily consisted of $107 thousand of property and equipment purchases and $637 thousand of capital expenditures for internal-use software development costs.

Cash used in investing activities was $362 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2024, which consisted of capital expenditures for internal-use software development costs.

Cash used in investing activities was $834 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024, which consisted of capital expenditures for internal-use software development costs.

Cash used in investing activities was $672 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2023, which consisted of capital expenditures for internal-use software development costs.

Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities was $10.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, which primarily consisted of $10.8 million in proceeds from PIPE investors.

Cash provided by financing activities was $3.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, which consisted of $3.1 million of proceeds from issuance of bridge loans.

Cash provided by financing activities was $4.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, which consisted of proceeds from issuance of SAFE agreements for cash.

Cash provided by financing activities was $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, which consisted of proceeds from issuance of SAFE agreements for cash.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Our estimated future obligations consist of leases and non-cancelable purchase commitments as of June 30, 2025. For additional discussion on our leases and other commitments, refer to Note 12 – Leases and Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we believe that the following accounting policies are the most critical to fully understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations.

Accounting for SAFE Agreements

In accordance with FASB ASC 815 40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, the Company determined the SAFE agreements are freestanding financial instruments and accordingly are classified as “liabilities” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The SAFE agreements are carried at estimated fair value determined by the Company using a probability weighted expected return method.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

We offer feasibility studies which allow customers to gain insight into how data driven tracking could improve their business. As part of our studies, off-the-shelf components are installed on customer-owned assets which enable data to be captured by our beta Zero Infrastructure Mesh (“ZIM”) technology network. These feasibility studies allow the refinement of our software protocols and provide essential information for the continued development of our solution. Customers receive the information captured in our feasibility study reports. These feasibility study reports are the only performance obligation in our contracts.

We determined that the single promise to our customers is satisfied at a point in time. In reaching this conclusion, we considered the context of the contract and the nature of our promise to provide the customer with actionable insights to improve the management of their operations in a feasibility report.

The single performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time, as our customers do not consume the benefits of our studies until their feasibility report is delivered. Accordingly, the fixed consideration related to the performance obligation is recognized on when control of the feasibility report is transferred to the customer which is upon acceptance.

The estimates involved in revenue recognition pertain to determination of standalone selling price. Management considered the data inputs for the standalone selling price and determined that the adjusted market assessment approach provided the best estimate of the standalone selling price. The estimates applied have been reasonable in the past and the likelihood of change in estimate to impact the standalone selling price is remote

Internal-Use Software Development

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350 40, Intangibles Goodwill and Other Internal Use Software, we capitalize software development costs incurred on new applications or enhancements to applications during the application development phase of software for internal use to provide services to customers. These capitalized costs include certain payroll and payroll related costs for employees and costs for outside consultants who are directly associated with and who devote time to internal use software projects. Costs incurred prior to the application development phase and after the market release are expensed as incurred.

Internal use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life from the date the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. The estimated useful life will be determined based on management’s judgment on how long the core technology and functionality serves internal needs and the customer base. Once projects are substantially complete, management will evaluate the useful lives of these assets on an annual basis and will test for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets. These costs are not yet amortized as our SaaS solution has not been deployed.

Management considers use of estimates in determining the appropriate allocation of personnel costs (including fringe benefits and stock compensation) and software development consultants’ costs to software capitalization. Such costs were analyzed for reasonableness and the current basis (evaluation of project plans and stage) is determined to be the best estimate of the costs capitalized during the period. The estimates applied have been reasonable in the past and the likelihood of change in estimate to impact the software cost capitalized is remote. 

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

We describe the recently issued accounting pronouncements that apply in Note 2 of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

Emerging Growth Company Status

Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non- emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when an accounting standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised accounting standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard.

OUR BUSINESS

Industry Background

Digital transformation is imperative for companies to compete in the current commercial environment. Those companies that successfully transform their businesses through modern applications, digital workflows, and intuitive user experiences often benefit from loyal customers, innovative offerings, and scalable business models that drive greater profitability and dominate competition. The proliferation of smart devices, growth in cloud applications, increasingly disparate user bases, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and heightened customer expectations are together driving digital adoption. This transformation has already happened across many large industries. In the retail, advertising, media, and information technology industries, for example, innovative, digital-first entrants have disrupted older business models, fundamentally changing the way they operate. Many industries that depend on physical operations, however, have been slower to adopt digital transformation. Despite their size and critical position in the worldwide economy, many companies in industries that depend on physical operations, such as logistics, manufacturing, construction, mining, health care and others still largely rely on manual processes, siloed data, spreadsheets, and legacy software. These industries represent a massive, underpenetrated market for digital transformation.

The State of Operations Today

Many operations-intensive businesses rely on high-value assets and equipment, deploy large field workforces that need coordination, manage complex logistics that require precision, and navigate industry-specific workflows that call for specialized knowledge. These businesses prioritize safety, efficiency and sustainability, while needing to adhere to a myriad of regulatory requirements. Businesses that depend on physical operations are in a unique position to leverage connected IoT assets to generate real-time operational data and deploy AI to drive insights, pursue automation, and improve efficiency in their business processes. For operations-intensive businesses to stay competitive and agile, there is an imperative to adopt digital technologies, and a significant business risk from complacency. Yet the industrial market has been slow to adopt IoT technology or AI advances in their operations.

Challenges with Operations include:

Use of IoT in Connected Operations

Technological advances have made it possible for companies to visualize their operations digitally in the cloud in real time. These advances include:

Our Company

CID Holdco, Inc., a Nevada corporation, helps businesses digitally transform their operations using IoT and AI technology. With significant innovations in RF networking, use of vision system overlays and a cloud-based AI engine, the company offers a differentiated asset tracking and workflow management solution for operations intensive enterprises.

Overview

CID Holdco offers a SAAS platform for customer subscription that provides intelligent, real-time tracking and visibility of high value assets from one convenient application. This unique tracking capability is paired with intelligent software algorithms, including machine learning and AI, to provide enhanced safety, assurance and efficiency for important processes in the enterprise.

Real-time asset tracking services allow customers to improve many workflows. For example, inspecting a vehicle as it is approaching to know when a high value asset is on board before it leaves a secure area. This allows operators to respond, halt the vehicle, and investigate. Customer security will know what is leaving and whether it is scheduled to leave. This capability can also be used at gates, docks or storage locations to automatically grant access and record movements for accountability.

Another common application is tracking inventory. CID Holdco provides a unique capability to dynamically sweep item inventory with roving, inexpensive readers powered by batteries. Due to their low cost and wireless capability, these inexpensive readers can be deployed on pallets, fork trucks, shelves or even people to provide coverage of the location of interest. As a result of this capability, CID Holdco technology is disruptive to legacy logistics systems which are either inadequate to gather this level of detail or much more expensive and inflexible to deploy.

CID Holdco systems automatically process inbound and outbound personnel or items, using RF tags or access cards, while AI-enabled cameras verify the asset is the one expected. This real-time, two-layer authentication streamlines customers’ access control process, allowing them to track assets in real time and identify anything that is not authorized. This capability can be especially valuable when providing edge intelligence to automation or robotics systems.

Another example application is guided spotting and collision avoidance for vehicles. CID Holdco not only provides a system that can track autonomous or piloted vehicles generally but if desired can overlay a precise tracking implementation that enables collision detection and avoidance. With attachment to a governor on the vehicle, the system can slow or stop the vehicle to prevent collision with another asset or person in real-time.

Using the CID Holdco rules engine, customers can set conditions for automatic alerts or actions to be taken related to specified parameters set by users in their application. Using the system also allows the organization to begin collecting valuable data, which can be analyzed to glean insights for better decision making across any organization or fed into an advanced AI implementation. To the extent customers are comfortable enabling it, CID Holdco provides the capability to enable machine learning and AI intervention in complex processes to enhance safety, assurance and efficiency.

As a result of the unique process visibility provided by their innovations, CID Holdco is often implemented as an edge system producing rich data streams for other supervisory systems of record. Powerful commercial partnerships are intended to be formed with large ERP, MES or WMS system players in the targeted vertical markets.

In short, CID Holdco brings a next generation capability to know when, where and why assets move in the enterprise, providing an opportunity to apply AI to complex edge processes.

The following table is a summary of the state of development of each of our software products and services offerings:

The costs shown in the table above are largely the cost of human resources associated with the project, with some additional minor costs related to use costs for infrastructure, tools and platforms that support the development. Each module has a team dedicated to the release of the next version of the module. The time of team members spent on the projects are pro-rated against salary levels and attributed to the module capitalization. Time is spent on development, test, compliance and commercialization activities to prepare modules for sale to the general market.

The time of team members spent on the projects are pro-rated against salary levels and attributed to the module capitalization. Time is spent on development, test, compliance and commercialization activities to prepare modules for sale to the general market.” Commercialization activities include installers and scripts required for future customers to activate their license and commercially use the software product. The development stage costs are a.) direct costs incurred from external consultants in developing the internal-use software and b.) direct costs incurred from payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are directly associated with and who devote time to the internal-use computer software projects. The cost of these commercialization activities are included in the capitalization.

Real-Time Location Systems (“RTLS”)

RTLS is a real-time indoor and outdoor location tracking system that locates and monitors any person, asset or vehicle within a defined zone covered by a radio frequency (“RF”) network.

RTLS tags are made up of a small antenna, motion sensors, RTLS microprocessor, and a battery. Most batteries on RTLS tags can last for months (continuous movement) or many years (occasional movement) before needing to be recharged or replaced. The tags transmit a few times in a second or once every few seconds or minutes, depending on how often customers need to refresh the location data for their application.

Customers can utilize UWB or BLE indoors; LORA, GPS and 4G/5G outdoors. Using combinations of these technologies CID Holdco can bridge the gap between inside and outside to give customers a comprehensive tracking solution for their yard, cross dock, airport, sea port, warehouse or distribution center — anywhere they need to track people, assets or vehicles — whether indoors or outside. CID Holdco employs tags and readers from many other vendors as part of their system when appropriate for the application.

A unique aspect of CID Holdco is that they provide passive (battery free) transponders at BLE frequencies, in fact they are the only company offering an industrial passive BLE transponder. Using this capability, CID Holdco can deploy systems that combine inexpensive passive tags on general items with more expensive battery powered tags on items of greater interest to create a cost-effective tracking system.

It is also uncommon for tracking companies to use RF and Vision systems in combination. With the advent of inexpensive AI cameras, it has become cost effective for CID Holdco to pair these vision systems with their RF tracking systems to provide comprehensive coverage.

Tracking Services

CID Holdco provides personnel tracking enabled with passive or wireless rechargeable ID badges or belt clips, allowing data-driven efficiency and safety. Both indoor and outdoor tracking capabilities are supported by CID Holdco innovative technology.

Personnel and vehicles can often be tracked with vision systems as well. In many instances, tracking through key POI (Points of Interest) with RF and vision is essential to provide enhanced safety or assurance for the organization.

In addition, CID Holdco utilizes vehicle telematics systems where appropriate to track vehicles over wide areas.

Sensors (temperature, motion, pressure etc.) are also often deployed as part of the system to track key process parameters and can be inputs into the rules engine.

Solutions

For customers that need to know when, where and why assets and personnel are moving, and to have assurance that orders are progressing, CID Holdco provides a variety of solutions, including the following:

Inventory Management and Control

Warehouses and cross docks are a primary use case for the tracking and process control features of the CID Holdco system. Real-time Inventory, Picking, Packing and Putting are all applications supported by the system and to which CID Holdco provides disruptive, next generation capability.

Manufacturing

Any operation where material, manpower and machines are working in concert is a primary area where CID Holdco offers comprehensive solutions. Tracking inventory levels in supermarkets, picking areas or assembly sites are typical applications. Solutions for transportation and fulfillment between work cells, managing RTIs and providing data for automated material systems and robotics are also offered. The CID Holdco solution extends across campus manufacturing and can tie tracking between multiple buildings, outdoor storage areas and work cells together.

Mining and Construction

The dynamic nature of these sites makes them particularly good areas for CID Holdco battery powered and long-range wireless solutions. Solutions include machine and material inventory tracking, personnel tracking, guided spotting and collision avoidance. Vision systems are often combined with tracking at these sites to manage contractors and access control.

Military Operations and Logistics

Supporting primarily material flow and security applications, CID Holdco provides the military with an easy to deploy, dynamic and secure means of tracking material and important workflows. Inventory applications include munitions, materials, consumable supplies and many classes of assets and equipment. Visitor and contractor check-in, base-wide tracking as well as selected personnel applications in the battlefield are also of interest. Vehicles, safety equipment and tool tracking are also important applications.

Airport and Aviation Ground Support Management

CID Holdco solutions allow customers to create a connected network of vehicles, ground support equipment (“GSE”) and personnel with more control over the coordination of airport services.

Many customers have large, outdoor areas where asset tracking in open space is very helpful. Traditional infrastructure is often too dense and expensive to install in this use case, but the CID Holdco outdoor tracking solution meshes seamlessly with its indoor tracking solutions to provide a comprehensive solution that compliments customers’ existing systems. This helps avoid common problems, including lost or stolen assets, delays in locating GSE and inefficient use of resources.

The CID Holdco solution is designed to improve efficiency and optimize workflows by providing real-time tracking and control over all the resources at terminals and in cargo areas. With automated asset tracking solutions for aviation, customers can track employees enterprise-wide (indoors and outdoors), maximize the utilization of GSE assets, and track line maintenance teams, parts, tools and kits to maximize productivity.

Forklift Collision Warning

The forklift collision avoidance solution is simple, promotes compliance and is flexible with the needs of customers. The solution involves minimal infrastructure investment and can be connected through the CAN bus port, allows customers to improve their regulatory compliance by having control over forklift movements for collision warning, and can be bundled with a forklift tracking system for a more comprehensive indoor location solution.

Medical Logistics

The RTLS healthcare system includes a comprehensive digital pattern of human and asset movement and their use and interaction, so that customers get actionable insights to improve patient experience and outcome while optimizing internal logistics.

CID Holdco provides a comprehensive solution that compliments customers’ existing systems. Customers can track staff and patients enterprise-wide, and maximize the utilization of medical equipment and supplies in hospitals, austere medical environments or medical and emergency vehicles. The solution improves efficiency and optimizes workflows by providing real-time tracking and control. This helps avoid common problems including lost or stolen assets, delays in locating critical medical supplies and inefficient use of resources. Not only do CID Holdco solutions allow for the tracking of medical and emergency vehicles, they also provide item-level tracking within vehicles, trailers or any kind of storage or transportation container.

Yard Management

Yard management RTLS systems enable improved material handling processes, security, safety, and turnaround times. By providing a bridge between what’s happening inside the facility and transportation, yard management systems (“YMS”) create valuable opportunities for businesses to improve their yard processes and profitability.

YMS are a combination of software and hardware working together to oversee the movement of trucks and trailers within manufacturing, distribution, warehousing and delivery facilities. The primary goal of yard management is to make business operations more efficient. Yard management systems help improve efficiency, safety, and ease of inventory loading/unloading, transportation management, and warehouse management. YMS provides real-time location information of trailers in the yard so employees can stage trailers to docks and fulfill orders efficiently.

Artificial Intelligence

Our solution operates as an edge execution and intelligence module, almost always integrated with an enterprise software (ERP, MES, WMS, etc.) system of record. Traditionally these enterprise software packages have relied on training personnel to execute orders and workflows, with little or no tracking of the interim steps between significant process milestones.

We track and direct actions with much more detail than historical systems, due largely to our advanced IoT data collection capabilities. This additional data not only fills in gaps in the enterprise workflow records to create a more complete digital thread of the process, it provides a rich data source for enhancing enterprise execution through the use of AI. There are three primary ways that AI technology is applied in our solution:

The data sets used to enhance workflows include the same digital image capture and tracking information (identification number of the asset, parameter fields, location information and date and time stamps generated during associated movements) stored in our database as our other AI implementations. However this feature also depends on a meta-data object we call a Recipe. The Recipe encodes the concept that any action in tracking, transforming or transporting an asset requires specified conditions, time and resources to be accomplished. In the future, the AI algorithms will attempt to optimize all aspects of the recipe to most effectively achieve the outcome required by the enterprise management system.

In connection with developing and implementing our AI algorithms, we use the following third-party toolkits:

AWS Services:

Libraries:

AI Tools & Data:

Tools:

Corporate Structure

The company anticipates having 44 full-time equivalent employees in 2025. These resources are organized into five major departments, each headed by an executive as shown below:

The company is based in the United States with four existing or planned locations of activity:

Las Vegas, Nevada — hosts our Go-To-Market team including our Sales, Marketing and Professional Services leadership, a Western Experience Center for demonstrations as well as customer and channel training facilities.

Bethesda, Maryland — hosts our General & Administration leadership team, an Eastern Experience Center for demonstrations as well as customer and channel training facilities.

Worcester, Massachusetts — hosts our R&D group, including a lab space with testing equipment and meeting facilities to host customer integration meetings. Note that while our US-based developers are clustered around this location, a significant portion of our R&D developers are located in Bangalore, India and access the lab equipment remotely to conduct tests and validation.

Manati, Puerto Rico — the site of our hardware manufacturing, a small factory producing selected tags and bridges that are specific to the unique tracking system of the company.

Competition

The asset, personnel and material flow management industry is highly fragmented, with most vendors offering software and/or hardware solutions addressing specific industry verticals or specific solution sets. Our competition can be described from several perspectives as follows:

Market Leaders in Tracking and AutoID Systems

Zebra — Zebra Technologies Corporation is a mobile computing company based in San Francisco, California, specializing in technology used to sense, analyze, and act in real time. The company manufactures and sells marking, tracking, and computer printing technologies. Its products include mobile computers and tablets, software, thermal barcode label and receipt printers, RFID smart label printers/encoders/fixed & handheld readers/antennas, autonomous mobile robots (AMR’s) & machine vision (MV), and fixed industrial scanning hardware & software. As the largest incumbent in the US market, with a legacy in printer manufacturing and barcode systems, its business model is focused on growing and developing new technology via acquisition, including a $3.5B deal to buy Motorola Solutions business in 2014.

Samsara — Samsara Inc. is an IoT company headquartered in San Francisco, California, that provides software and insights for physical operations. The company reports over 20,000 customers across North America and Europe. Samsara developed a connected operations cloud platform that provides insights to physical operations organizations in the transportation, construction, energy, utilities, public sector and retail industries, and supports the safety and efficiency of those operations. The company’s initial public offering raised $805 million in December 2021. They use a SAAS model with most of their revenue in ARR software subscriptions.

HID Global — Originally a German multinational, they were purchased by a Swedish company and relocated their corporate headquarters to Texas. The company is known for its Access Control and Security products and services and have expanded to all aspects of RFID and barcoding, including real-time tracking and AI.

Niche or Regional Tracking System Players

The market is crowded with small players as is typical in periods of generational transition. Many are attempting to apply IoT technology in a specific way or focused on a particular vertical application.

Combined, these smaller players represent approximately $350M in annual sales. Most are using a transactional model, selling software and hardware bundled into a solution with a one-time fee, often with a maintenance fee for each year of operation.

There are industry specific players, particularly in Health Care, where the requirements can be quite specific and the use cases focused.

Competition is from all over the word, with many of the most important competitors centered in the US market, although China is a big part of this list even if they are not explicitly identified. Many of the devices designed by these players are made in China via contractors.

There is also a wide technology spread. Some specialize in precise location services using UWB. Some are strictly BLE or LoRA shops.

Note that this list does not include all of the passive RFID and barcode system companies also active in the market. Their legacy footprint represents one of the best market opportunities to convert.