Preliminary Pricing Supplement No. 10,304 |
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Morgan Stanley Finance LLC Capped Buffer GEARS
Linked to the SPDR® Gold Trust due September 15, 2027
Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by Morgan Stanley
Principal at Risk Securities
Investment Description |
These Capped Buffer GEARS (the “Securities”) are unsecured and unsubordinated debt securities issued by Morgan Stanley Finance LLC (“MSFL”) and fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Morgan Stanley with returns linked to the performance of the SPDR® Gold Trust (the “Underlying Asset”). If the Underlying Return is positive, MSFL will repay the Principal Amount at maturity plus pay a return equal to the Upside Gearing of 1.25 times the Underlying Return, up to the Maximum Gain, which will be set on the Trade Date and is expected to be between 20.75% and 23.00%. If the Underlying Return is equal to or less than zero but the Final Level is greater than or equal to the Downside Threshold (90% of the Initial Level), MSFL will repay the full Principal Amount at maturity. However, if the Underlying Return is less than zero and the Final Level is less than the Downside Threshold, MSFL will pay less than the full Principal Amount at maturity, resulting in a loss of principal to investors of 1% for every 1% decline beyond the Buffer of 10%. The Securities are designed for investors who seek an opportunity to earn an equity fund-based return and who are willing to incur a loss on their Principal Amount and forgo current income and upside above the Maximum Gain in exchange for the enhanced growth potential up to the Maximum Gain and the 10% Buffer features that in each case apply at maturity, as described herein. Investing in the Securities involves significant risks. The Securities do not pay interest. You may lose up to 90% of your Principal Amount. The Downside Threshold is observed relative to the Final Level only on the Final Valuation Date, and the downside exposure to the Underlying Asset is buffered only if you hold the Securities to maturity. Accordingly, you may receive significantly less than the Principal Amount if you are able to sell the Securities prior to maturity even if the Underlying Asset has not declined by more than the 10% Buffer.
All payments are subject to our credit risk. If we default on our obligations, you could lose some or all of your investment. These Securities are not secured obligations and you will not have any security interest in, or otherwise have any access to, any underlying reference asset or assets.
Features |
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Key Dates* |
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❑Enhanced Growth Potential Up to a Cap: At maturity, the Upside Gearing will provide leveraged exposure to any positive performance of the Underlying Asset, up to the Maximum Gain. If the Underlying Return is negative, investors may be exposed to the negative Underlying Return at maturity. ❑Buffered Downside Market Exposure: If the Underlying Return is equal to or less than zero but the Final Level is greater than or equal to the Downside Threshold, MSFL will repay the Principal Amount at maturity. However, if the Final Level is less than the Downside Threshold, MSFL will pay less than the full Principal Amount at maturity, resulting in a loss of principal to investors that is equal to the Underlying Asset’s decline in excess of the Buffer of 10%. Accordingly, you could lose up to 90% of your Principal Amount. The Downside Threshold is observed relative to the Final Level only on the Final Valuation Date, and the downside exposure is buffered only if you hold the Securities to maturity. Accordingly, you may receive significantly less than the Principal Amount if you sell the Securities prior to maturity even if the Underlying Asset has not declined by more than the 10% Buffer. Any payment on the Securities, including any repayment of principal, is subject to our creditworthiness. |
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Trade Date |
September 10, 2025 |
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Settlement Date |
September 15, 2025 |
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Final Valuation Date** |
September 10, 2027 |
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Maturity Date** |
September 15, 2027 |
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* Expected **Subject to adjustment for postponement in the event of a Market Disruption Event or for non-Trading Days. See “Postponement of Final Valuation Date and Maturity Date” under “Additional Terms of the Securities.” |
NOTICE TO INVESTORS: THE SECURITIES ARE SIGNIFICANTLY RISKIER THAN CONVENTIONAL DEBT INSTRUMENTS. THE SECURITIES DO NOT GUARANTEE THE REPAYMENT OF THE FULL PRINCIPAL AMOUNT AT MATURITY, AND THE SECURITIES HAVE DOWNSIDE MARKET RISK SIMILAR TO THE UNDERLYING ASSET, SUBJECT TO THE BUFFER AT MATURITY. THIS MARKET RISK IS IN ADDITION TO THE CREDIT RISK INHERENT IN PURCHASING OUR DEBT OBLIGATIONS. YOU SHOULD NOT PURCHASE THE SECURITIES IF YOU DO NOT UNDERSTAND OR ARE NOT COMFORTABLE WITH THE SIGNIFICANT RISKS INVOLVED IN INVESTING IN THE SECURITIES. THE SECURITIES WILL NOT BE LISTED ON ANY SECURITIES EXCHANGE.
YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE RISKS DESCRIBED UNDER “KEY RISKS” BEGINNING ON PAGE 5 BEFORE PURCHASING ANY SECURITIES. EVENTS RELATING TO ANY OF THOSE RISKS, OR OTHER RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES, COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT THE MARKET VALUE OF, AND THE RETURN ON, YOUR SECURITIES. YOU COULD LOSE UP TO 90% OF YOUR INITIAL INVESTMENT. INVESTING IN THE SECURITIES IS NOT EQUIVALENT TO INVESTING IN THE UNDERLYING ASSET OR IN THE COMMODITY COMPOSING THE UNDERLYING ASSET.
Security Offering |
We are offering Capped Buffer GEARS Linked to the SPDR® Gold Trust. The return on the Securities is limited by, and will be subject to, the predetermined Maximum Gain. The Securities are offered at a minimum investment of 100 Securities at the Price to Public described below. The indicative Maximum Gain range for the Securities is listed below. The actual Maximum Gain, Initial Level and Downside Threshold for the Securities will be determined on the Trade Date.
Underlying Asset |
Upside Gearing |
Maximum Gain |
Downside Threshold |
Buffer |
Initial Level |
CUSIP |
ISIN |
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Shares of the SPDR® Gold Trust |
1.25 |
20.75% to 23.00%, which corresponds to a maximum Payment at Maturity of $12.075 to $12.300 per Security |
90% of the Initial Level |
10% |
$ |
61778V756 |
US61778V7560 |
See “Additional Information about Morgan Stanley, MSFL and the Securities” on page 2. The Securities will have the terms set forth in the accompanying prospectus and prospectus supplement and this preliminary pricing supplement.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these Securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this preliminary pricing supplement or the accompanying prospectus supplement or prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The Securities are not deposits or savings accounts and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency or instrumentality, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.
Estimated value on the Trade Date |
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Approximately $9.674 per Security, or within $0.25 of that estimate. See “Additional Information about Morgan Stanley, MSFL and the Securities” on page 2. |
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Price to Public |
Underwriting Discount(1) |
Proceeds to Us(2) |
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Per Security |
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$10.00 |
$0.20 |
$9.80 |
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Total |
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$ |
$ |
$ |
(1) UBS Financial Services Inc., acting as dealer, will receive from Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, the agent, a fixed sales commission of $0.20 for each Security it sells. For more information, please see “Supplemental Plan of Distribution; Conflicts of Interest” on page 22 of this preliminary pricing supplement.
(2) See “Use of Proceeds and Hedging” on page 21.
The agent for this offering, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, is our affiliate and a wholly owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley. See “Supplemental Plan of Distribution; Conflicts of Interest” beginning on page 22 of this preliminary pricing supplement. For additional information, see “Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)” in the accompanying prospectus supplement.
Morgan Stanley UBS Financial Services Inc.
Additional Information about Morgan Stanley, MSFL and the Securities |
Morgan Stanley and MSFL have filed a registration statement (including a prospectus, as supplemented by a prospectus supplement) with the SEC for the offering to which this communication relates. Before you invest, you should read the prospectus in that registration statement, the prospectus supplement and any other documents relating to this offering that Morgan Stanley and MSFL have filed with the SEC for more complete information about Morgan Stanley, MSFL and this offering. When you read the accompanying prospectus supplement, please note that all references in such supplement to the prospectus dated November 16, 2023, or to any sections therein, should refer instead to the accompanying prospectus dated April 12, 2024 or to the corresponding sections of such prospectus, as applicable. You may get these documents for free by visiting EDGAR on the SEC website at.www.sec.gov. Alternatively, Morgan Stanley, MSFL, any underwriter or any dealer participating in this offering will arrange to send you the prospectus and the prospectus supplement if you so request by calling toll-free 1-(800)-584-6837.
You may access the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus on the SEC website at.www.sec.gov as follows:
♦Prospectus supplement dated November 16, 2023:
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/895421/000095010323016325/dp202714_4242-seriesa.htm
♦Prospectus dated April 12, 2024:
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/895421/000095010324005205/dp209505_424b2-base.htm
References to “MSFL” refer only to MSFL, references to “Morgan Stanley” refer only to Morgan Stanley and references to “we,” “our” and “us” refer to MSFL and Morgan Stanley collectively. In this document, the “Securities” refers to the Capped Buffer GEARS that are offered hereby. Also, references to the accompanying “prospectus” and “prospectus supplement” mean the prospectus filed by MSFL and Morgan Stanley dated April 12, 2024 and the prospectus supplement filed by MSFL and Morgan Stanley dated November 16, 2023, respectively.
You should rely only on the information incorporated by reference or provided in this preliminary pricing supplement or the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information in this preliminary pricing supplement or the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of this document.
If the terms discussed in this preliminary pricing supplement differ from those discussed in the prospectus supplement or prospectus, the terms contained in this preliminary pricing supplement will control.
The Issue Price of each Security is $10. This price includes costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the Securities, which are borne by you, and, consequently, the estimated value of the Securities on the Trade Date will be less than $10. We estimate that the value of each Security on the Trade Date will be approximately $9.674, or within $0.25 of that estimate. Our estimate of the value of the Securities as determined on the Trade Date will be set forth in the final pricing supplement.
What goes into the estimated value on the Trade Date?
In valuing the Securities on the Trade Date, we take into account that the Securities comprise both a debt component and a performance-based component linked to the Underlying Asset. The estimated value of the Securities is determined using our own pricing and valuation models, market inputs and assumptions relating to the Underlying Asset, instruments based on the Underlying Asset, volatility and other factors including current and expected interest rates, as well as an interest rate related to our secondary market credit spread, which is the implied interest rate at which our conventional fixed rate debt trades in the secondary market.
What determines the economic terms of the Securities?
In determining the economic terms of the Securities, including the Upside Gearing, the Downside Threshold, the Buffer and the Maximum Gain, we use an internal funding rate, which is likely to be lower than our secondary market credit spreads and therefore advantageous to us. If the issuing, selling, structuring and hedging costs borne by you were lower or if the internal funding rate were higher, one or more of the economic terms of the Securities would be more favorable to you.
What is the relationship between the estimated value on the Trade Date and the secondary market price of the Securities?
The price at which MS & Co. purchases the Securities in the secondary market, absent changes in market conditions, including those related to the Underlying Asset, may vary from, and be lower than, the estimated value on the Trade Date, because the secondary market price takes into account our secondary market credit spread as well as the bid-offer spread that MS & Co. would charge in a secondary market transaction of this type and other factors. However, because the costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the Securities are not fully deducted upon issuance, for a period of up to 7 months following the Settlement Date, to the extent that MS & Co. may buy or sell the Securities in the secondary market, absent changes in market conditions, including those related to the Underlying Asset, and to our secondary market credit spreads, it would do so based on values higher than the estimated value. We expect that those higher values will also be reflected in your brokerage account statements.
MS & Co. currently intends, but is not obligated, to make a market in the Securities, and, if it once chooses to make a market, may cease doing so at any time.
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Investor Suitability |
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The Securities may be suitable for you if: |
The Securities may not be suitable for you if: |
♦You fully understand the risks inherent in an investment in the Securities, including the risk of loss of up to 90% of your Principal Amount. ♦You can tolerate the loss of up to 90% of your Principal Amount and you are willing to make an investment that has similar downside market risk as the Underlying Asset, subject to the Buffer at maturity. ♦You believe the Underlying Asset will appreciate over the term of the Securities and that the appreciation is unlikely to exceed the Maximum Gain of between 20.75% and 23.00% (the actual Maximum Gain will be determined on the Trade Date and will not be less than 20.75%). ♦You understand and accept that your potential return is limited by the Maximum Gain and you would be willing to invest in the Securities if the Maximum Gain were set to the bottom of the range indicated on the cover. ♦You can tolerate fluctuations in the value of the Securities prior to maturity that may be similar to or exceed the downside fluctuations in the price of the Underlying Asset. ♦You do not seek current income from your investment and are willing to forgo any distributions paid on the Underlying Asset. ♦You are willing to hold the Securities to maturity, as set forth on the cover of this preliminary pricing supplement, and accept that there may be little or no secondary market for the Securities. ♦You understand and are willing to accept the risks associated with the Underlying Asset and the assets comprising the Underlying Asset, which consist primarily of gold. ♦You are willing to assume our credit risk and understand that if we default on our obligations you may not receive any amounts due to you including any repayment of principal. |
♦You do not fully understand the risks inherent in an investment in the Securities, including the risk of loss of up to 90% of your Principal Amount. ♦You cannot tolerate the loss of up to 90% of your Principal Amount and you are not willing to make an investment that has similar downside market risk as the Underlying Asset, subject to the Buffer at maturity. ♦You seek an investment that guarantees a full return of principal at maturity. ♦You believe that the price of the Underlying Asset will decline during the term of the Securities and the Final Level is likely to be less than the Downside Threshold, or you believe the Underlying Asset will appreciate over the term of the Securities by a percentage that exceeds the Maximum Gain. ♦You seek an investment that has unlimited return potential without a cap on appreciation. ♦You would be unwilling to invest in the Securities if the Maximum Gain were set equal to the bottom of the range indicated on the cover of this preliminary pricing supplement (the actual Maximum Gain will be determined on the Trade Date). ♦You prefer the lower risk, and therefore accept the potentially lower returns, of conventional debt securities with comparable maturities issued by Morgan Stanley or another issuer with a similar credit rating. ♦You cannot tolerate fluctuations in the value of the Securities prior to maturity that may be similar to or exceed the downside fluctuations in the price of the Underlying Asset. ♦You seek current income from your investment or prefer to receive any distributions paid on the Underlying Asset. ♦You are unable or unwilling to hold the Securities to maturity, as set forth on the cover of this preliminary pricing supplement, or you seek an investment for which there will be an active secondary market. ♦You do not understand or are not willing to accept the risks associated with the Underlying Asset and the assets comprising the Underlying Asset, which consist primarily of gold. ♦You are not willing or are unable to assume the credit risk associated with us for any payment on the Securities, including any repayment of principal. |
The investor suitability considerations identified above are not exhaustive. Whether or not the Securities are a suitable investment for you will depend on your individual circumstances, and you should reach an investment decision only after you and your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisors have carefully considered the suitability of an investment in the Securities in light of your particular circumstances. You should also review carefully the sections entitled “Key Risks” beginning on page 5 of this preliminary pricing supplement and “Risk Factors” beginning on page 7 of the accompanying prospectus for risks related to an investment in the Securities. For more information about the Underlying Asset, see the information set forth under “SPDR® Gold Trust” on page 16.
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Terms |
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Investment Timeline |
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Issuer |
Morgan Stanley Finance LLC |
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The Initial Level and Downside Threshold are determined.
The Maximum Gain is set. |
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Guarantor |
Morgan Stanley |
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Issue Price (per Security) |
$10.00 per Security |
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Principal Amount |
$10.00 per Security |
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Term |
2 years |
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Underlying Asset |
Shares of the SPDR® Gold Trust (the “Fund”) |
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Payment at Maturity |
MSFL will pay you a cash payment at maturity linked to the performance of the Underlying Asset during the term of the Securities. If the Underlying Return is greater than zero, MSFL will pay you an amount equal to the lesser of: $10 + ($10 × Underlying Return × Upside Gearing); and $10 + ($10 × Maximum Gain). If the Underlying Return is equal to or less than zero but the Final Level is greater than or equal to the Downside Threshold, MSFL will pay you the $10 Principal Amount. If the Final Level is less than the Downside Threshold, MSFL will pay you an amount calculated as follows: $10 + [$10 × (Underlying Return + Buffer)] In this case, you could lose up to 90% of your Principal Amount at maturity in an amount proportionate to the Underlying Asset’s decline in excess of the Buffer. |
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The Final Level and Underlying Return are determined as of the Final Valuation Date. If the Underlying Return is positive, MSFL will pay you a cash amount at maturity equal to the lesser of: $10 + ($10 × Underlying Return × 1.25); and $10 + ($10 × Maximum Gain) per Security. If the Underlying Return is between 0% and -10%, inclusive, MSFL will pay you $10.00 cash per Security. If the Underlying Return is less than $10 + [$10 × (Underlying Return + 10%)] per Security. You could lose up to 90% of your Principal Amount. |
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Upside Gearing |
1.25 |
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Maximum Gain |
Between 20.75% and 23.00%, which corresponds to a maximum Payment at Maturity of $12.075 to $12.300 per Security. The actual Maximum Gain will be determined on the Trade Date. |
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Downside Threshold: |
90% of the Initial Level |
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Buffer |
10% |
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Underlying Return |
Final Level – Initial Level |
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Initial Level |
$ , which is the Closing Level of one Underlying Asset on the Trade Date. |
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Final Level |
The Closing Level on the Final Valuation Date times the Adjustment Factor on such date. |
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Final Valuation Date |
September 10, 2027, subject to postponement in the event of a Market Disruption Event or for non-Trading Days. |
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Maturity Date |
September 15, 2027, subject to adjustment for postponement in the event of a Market Disruption Event or for non-Trading Days. |
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Adjustment Factor |
1.0, subject to adjustment in the event of certain corporate events affecting the Underlying Asset. |
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CUSIP / ISIN |
61778V756 / US61778V7560 |
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Calculation Agent |
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (“MS & Co.”) |
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Investing in the Securities involves significant risks. You may lose up to 90% of your PRINCIPAL AMOUNT. Any payment on the Securities is subject TO OUR CREDITWORTHINESS. IF WE WERE TO DEFAULT ON OUR PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS, YOU may not receive any amounts owed to you under the Securities and you could lose your entire investment.
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Key Risks |
An investment in the Securities involves significant risks. The material risks that apply to the Securities are summarized here, but we urge you to also read the “Risk Factors” section of the accompanying prospectus. You should also consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the Securities.
Risks Relating to an Investment in the Securities
♦Your investment in the Securities may result in a loss of up to 90% of your Principal Amount. The terms of the Securities differ from those of ordinary debt securities in that we will not pay interest or guarantee the payment of the full Principal Amount at maturity. MSFL will repay the full $10 Principal Amount per Security only if the Underlying Asset’s percentage decline is not more than 10%, and will make such payment only at maturity. If the Underlying Asset’s percentage decline exceeds 10%, the payout at maturity will be an amount in cash that is less than the $10 Principal Amount of each Security by an amount proportionate to the Underlying Asset’s percentage decline in excess of the 10% Buffer. Accordingly, you could lose up to 90% of your Principal Amount.
♦You may incur a loss on your investment if you sell your Securities prior to maturity. The 10% Buffer applies only at maturity. You should be willing to hold your Securities to maturity. If you are able to sell your Securities prior to maturity in the secondary market, you may have to sell them at a loss relative to your initial investment even if the Underlying Asset have not declined by more than the Buffer.
♦The Upside Gearing applies only at maturity. You should be willing to hold your Securities to maturity. If you are able to sell your Securities prior to maturity in the secondary market, the price you receive will likely not reflect the full economic value of the Upside Gearing or the Securities themselves, and the return you realize may be less than 1.25 times the return of the Underlying Asset at the time of sale even if such return is positive and does not exceed the Maximum Gain. You can receive the full benefit of the Upside Gearing and earn the potential Maximum Gain only if you hold your Securities to maturity.
♦Appreciation potential is limited. The appreciation potential of Securities is limited by the Maximum Gain of 20.75% to 23.00% (which corresponds to a maximum Payment at Maturity of $12.075 to $12.300 per Security). The actual Maximum Gain and maximum Payment at Maturity will be determined on the Trade Date. Therefore, although the Upside Gearing enhances positive Underlying Returns, you will not benefit from any positive Underlying Return that, when multiplied by the Upside Gearing, exceeds the Maximum Gain. As a result, any increase in the Final Level over the Initial Level by more than 16.60% to 18.40% (to be determined on the Trade Date) of the Initial Level will not further increase the return on the Securities.
♦No interest payments. MSFL will not make any interest payments in respect to the Securities.
♦The Securities are subject to our credit risk, and any actual or anticipated changes to our credit ratings or our credit spreads may adversely affect the market value of the Securities. You are dependent on our ability to pay all amounts due on the Securities at maturity, if any, and therefore you are subject to our credit risk. If we default on our obligations under the Securities, your investment would be at risk and you could lose some or all of your investment. As a result, the market value of the Securities prior to maturity will be affected by changes in the market’s view of our creditworthiness. Any actual or anticipated decline in our credit ratings or increase in our credit spreads charged by the market for taking our credit risk is likely to adversely affect the market value of the Securities.
♦As a finance subsidiary, MSFL has no independent operations and will have no independent assets. As a finance subsidiary, MSFL has no independent operations beyond the issuance and administration of its securities and will have no independent assets available for distributions to holders of MSFL securities if they make claims in respect of such securities in a bankruptcy, resolution or similar proceeding. Accordingly, any recoveries by such holders will be limited to those available under the related guarantee by Morgan Stanley and that guarantee will rank pari passu with all other unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of Morgan Stanley. Holders will have recourse only to a single claim against Morgan Stanley and its assets under the guarantee. Holders of securities issued by MSFL should accordingly assume that in any such proceedings they would not have any priority over and should be treated pari passu with the claims of other unsecured, unsubordinated creditors of Morgan Stanley, including holders of Morgan Stanley-issued securities.
♦The market price of the Securities may be influenced by many unpredictable factors. Several factors, many of which are beyond our control, will influence the value of the Securities in the secondary market and the price at which MS & Co. may be willing to purchase or sell the Securities in the secondary market (if at all), including:
othe price of the Underlying Asset at any time and the commodity constituting the Underlying Asset,
othe volatility (frequency and magnitude of changes in price) of the Underlying Asset and the commodity constituting the Underlying Asset,
ointerest and yield rates in the market,
ogeopolitical conditions and economic, financial, political, regulatory or judicial events that affect the Underlying Asset or markets generally and which may affect the Final Level,
othe occurrence of certain events affecting the Underlying Asset that may or may not require an adjustment to the adjustment factor
othe time remaining until the Securities mature, and
oany actual or anticipated changes in our credit ratings or credit spreads.
Some or all of these factors will influence the terms of the Securities at the time of issuance and the price that you will receive if you are able to sell your Securities prior to maturity, as the Securities are comprised of both a debt component and a performance-based component linked to the Underlying Asset, and these are the types of factors that also generally affect the values of debt securities and
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derivatives linked to the Underlying Asset. For example, you may have to sell your Securities at a substantial discount from the principal amount of $10 per Security if the price of the Underlying Asset at the time of sale is at, below or moderately above its Initial Level or if market interest rates rise. The value of the Underlying Asset may be, and has recently been, volatile, and we can give you no assurance that the volatility will lessen. See “SPDR® Gold Trust” on page 16. You cannot predict the future performance of the Underlying Asset based on their historical performance. If the Underlying Return is less than -10%, you will receive at maturity an amount that is less (and that could be significantly less) than the $10 Principal Amount of each Security by an amount proportionate to the Underlying Asset’s decline in excess of 10%. There can be no assurance that there will be any positive Underlying Return or that the Underlying Asset’s percentage decline will not be more than 10%. As a result, there can be no assurance that you will receive at maturity an amount in excess of 10% of the Principal Amount of the Securities.
♦The probability that the Final Level will be less than the Downside Threshold will depend on the volatility of the Underlying Asset. “Volatility” refers to the frequency and magnitude of changes in the price of the Underlying Asset. Higher expected volatility with respect to the Underlying Asset as of the Trade Date generally indicates a greater chance as of that date that the Final Level will be less than the Downside Threshold, which would result in a loss of some or a significant portion of your investment at maturity. However, the Underlying Asset’s volatility can change significantly over the term of the Securities. The price of the Underlying Asset could fall sharply, resulting in a significant loss of principal. You should be willing to accept the downside market risk of the Underlying Asset and the potential loss of some or a significant portion of your investment at maturity.
♦The amount payable on the Securities is not linked to the price of the Underlying Asset at any time other than the Final Valuation Date. The Final Level will be based on the Closing Level of the Underlying Asset on the Final Valuation Date, subject to postponement for non-Trading Days and certain Market Disruption Events. Even if the price of the Underlying Asset appreciates prior to the Final Valuation Date but then drops by the Final Valuation Date, the Payment at Maturity may be significantly less than it would have been had the Payment at Maturity been linked to the price of the Underlying Asset prior to such drop. Although the actual price of the Underlying Asset on the stated Maturity Date or at other times during the term of the Securities may be higher than the Final Level, the Payment at Maturity will be based solely on the Closing Level of the Underlying Asset on the Final Valuation Date as compared to the Initial Level.
♦Investing in the Securities is not equivalent to investing in the Underlying Asset or the commodity composing the Underlying Asset. Investing in the Securities is not equivalent to investing in the Underlying Asset or in the commodity that constitutes the Underlying Asset. Investors in the Securities will not have voting rights or rights to receive distributions or any other rights with respect to the underlying commodity that constitutes the Underlying Asset. Investors in the Securities also will not participate in any appreciation of the Underlying Asset that, when multiplied by the Upside Gearing, exceeds the Maximum Gain, which could be significant.
♦The rate we are willing to pay for securities of this type, maturity and issuance size is likely to be lower than the rate implied by our secondary market credit spreads and advantageous to us. Both the lower rate and the inclusion of costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the Securities in the Issue Price reduce the economic terms of the Securities, cause the estimated value of the Securities to be less than the Issue Price and will adversely affect secondary market prices. Assuming no change in market conditions or any other relevant factors, the prices, if any, at which dealers, including MS & Co., may be willing to purchase the Securities in secondary market transactions will likely be significantly lower than the Issue Price, because secondary market prices will exclude the issuing, selling, structuring and hedging-related costs that are included in the Issue Price and borne by you and because the secondary market prices will reflect our secondary market credit spreads and the bid-offer spread that any dealer would charge in a secondary market transaction of this type as well as other factors.
The inclusion of the costs of issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the Securities in the Issue Price and the lower rate we are willing to pay as issuer make the economic terms of the Securities less favorable to you than they otherwise would be.
However, because the costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the Securities are not fully deducted upon issuance, for a period of up to 7 months following the Settlement Date, to the extent that MS & Co. may buy or sell the Securities in the secondary market, absent changes in market conditions, including those related to the Underlying Asset, and to our secondary market credit spreads, it would do so based on values higher than the estimated value, and we expect that those higher values will also be reflected in your brokerage account statements.
♦The estimated value of the Securities is determined by reference to our pricing and valuation models, which may differ from those of other dealers and is not a maximum or minimum secondary market price. These pricing and valuation models are proprietary and rely in part on subjective views of certain market inputs and certain assumptions about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. As a result, because there is no market-standard way to value these types of securities, our models may yield a higher estimated value of the Securities than those generated by others, including other dealers in the market, if they attempted to value the Securities. In addition, the estimated value on the Trade Date does not represent a minimum or maximum price at which dealers, including MS & Co., would be willing to purchase your Securities in the secondary market (if any exists) at any time. The value of your Securities at any time after the date of this preliminary pricing supplement will vary based on many factors that cannot be predicted with accuracy, including our creditworthiness and changes in market conditions. See also “The market price of the Securities may be influenced by many unpredictable factors” above.
♦The Securities will not be listed on any securities exchange and secondary trading may be limited. The Securities will not be listed on any securities exchange. Therefore, there may be little or no secondary market for the Securities. MS & Co. currently intends, but is not obligated, to make a market in the Securities and, if it once chooses to make a market, may cease doing so at any time. When it does make a market, it will generally do so for transactions of routine secondary market size at prices based on its estimate of the current value of the Securities, taking into account its bid/offer spread, our credit spreads, market volatility, the notional size of the proposed sale, the cost of unwinding any related hedging positions, the time remaining to maturity and the likelihood that it will be able to resell the Securities. Even if there is a secondary market, it may not provide enough liquidity to allow you to trade or sell the Securities easily. Since
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other broker-dealers may not participate significantly in the secondary market for the Securities, the price at which you may be able to trade your Securities is likely to depend on the price, if any, at which MS & Co. is willing to transact. If, at any time, MS & Co. were to cease making a market in the Securities, it is likely that there would be no secondary market for the Securities. Accordingly, you should be willing to hold your Securities to maturity.
♦Hedging and trading activity by our affiliates could potentially adversely affect the value of the Securities. One or more of our affiliates and/or third-party dealers expect to carry out hedging activities related to the Securities (and to other instruments linked to the Underlying Asset and the underlying commodity), including trading in the Underlying Asset or futures contracts or forward contracts on the Underlying Asset. As a result, these entities may be unwinding or adjusting hedge positions during the term of the Securities, and the hedging strategy may involve greater and more frequent dynamic adjustments to the hedge as the Final Valuation Date approaches. Some of our affiliates also trade the Underlying Asset and other financial instruments related to the Underlying Asset and the Underlying Asset on a regular basis as part of their general broker-dealer and other businesses. Any of these hedging or trading activities on or prior to the Trade Date could potentially increase the Initial Level of the Underlying Asset, and, therefore, could increase the Downside Threshold, which is the price at or above which the Underlying Asset must close on the Final Valuation Date so that investors do not suffer a loss on their initial investment in the Securities. Additionally, such hedging or trading activities during the term of the Securities, including on the Final Valuation Date, could adversely affect the Closing Level of the Underlying Asset on the Final Valuation Date, and, accordingly, the amount of cash payable at maturity.
♦Potential conflict of interest. As Calculation Agent, MS & Co. will determine the Initial Level, the Downside Threshold, the Final Level and whether any Market Disruption Event has occurred, and will calculate the amount payable at maturity. Moreover, certain determinations made by MS & Co., in its capacity as Calculation Agent, may require it to exercise discretion and make subjective judgments, such as with respect to the occurrence or non-occurrence of Market Disruption Events, any adjustment to the Adjustment Factor and the selection of a Successor Underlying Asset or calculation of the Final Level of the Underlying Asset in the event of a discontinuance of the Underlying Asset or a Market Disruption Event. These potentially subjective determinations may adversely affect the payout to you at maturity. For further information regarding these types of determinations, see “Additional Terms of the Securities—Postponement of Final Valuation Date and Maturity Date,” “—Discontinuance of the Underlying Asset; Alteration of Method of Calculation,” “—Calculation Agent and Calculations” and related definitions below. In addition, MS & Co. has determined the estimated value of the Securities on the Trade Date.
♦Potentially inconsistent research, opinions or recommendations by Morgan Stanley, UBS or our or their respective affiliates. Morgan Stanley, UBS and our or their respective affiliates publish research from time to time on financial markets and other matters that may influence the value of the Securities, or express opinions or provide recommendations that are inconsistent with purchasing or holding the Securities. Any research, opinions or recommendations expressed by Morgan Stanley, UBS or our or their respective affiliates may not be consistent with each other and may be modified from time to time without notice. Investors should make their own independent investigation of the merits of investing in the Securities and the Underlying Asset to which the Securities are linked.
♦The U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Securities are uncertain. Please note that the discussions in this preliminary pricing supplement concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Securities supersede the discussions contained in the accompanying prospectus supplement.
Subject to the discussion under “What Are the Tax Consequences of the Securities” in this preliminary pricing supplement, although there is uncertainty regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Securities due to the lack of governing authority, in the opinion of our counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP (“our counsel”), under current law, and based on current market conditions, it is more likely than not that each Security will be treated as a single financial contract that is an “open transaction” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, because our counsel’s opinion is based in part on market conditions as of the date of this preliminary pricing supplement, it is subject to confirmation on the Trade Date.
Because the Securities are linked to shares of an exchange-traded fund, although the matter is not clear, there is a substantial risk that an investment in the Securities will be treated as a “constructive ownership transaction.” If this treatment applies, all or a portion of any long-term capital gain of a U.S. Holder (as defined below) in respect of the Securities could be recharacterized as ordinary income (in which case an interest charge would be imposed). In addition, long-term capital gain that a U.S. Holder would otherwise recognize in respect of the securities up to the amount of the “net underlying long-term capital gain” could, if the U.S. Holder is an individual or other non-corporate investor, be subject to tax at the higher rates applicable to “collectibles” instead of the general rates that apply to long-term capital gain. U.S. Holders should read the section entitled “United States Federal Taxation — Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders — Tax Treatment of the Securities — Potential Application of the Constructive Ownership Rule” in this preliminary pricing supplement.
If the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) were successful in asserting an alternative treatment for the Securities, the timing and character of income on the Securities might differ significantly from the tax treatment described herein. There is a risk that the IRS may seek to treat all or a portion of the gain on the Securities as ordinary income. For example, due to the terms of the Securities and current market conditions, there is a risk that the IRS could seek to recharacterize the Securities as debt instruments. In that event, U.S. Holders (as defined below) would be required to accrue into income original issue discount on the Securities every year at a “comparable yield” determined at the time of issuance and recognize all income and gain in respect of the Securities as ordinary income. The risk that financial instruments providing for buffers, triggers or similar downside protection features, such as the Securities, would be recharacterized as debt is greater than the risk of recharacterization for comparable financial instruments that do not have such features. We do not plan to request a ruling from the IRS regarding the tax treatment of the Securities, and the IRS or a court may not agree with the tax treatment described in this preliminary pricing supplement.
In 2007, the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar instruments. The notice focuses in particular on whether to require holders of these instruments to accrue income over the term of their investment. It also asks for comments on a number of related topics, including the character of
7
income or loss with respect to these instruments; whether short-term instruments should be subject to any such accrual regime; the relevance of factors such as the exchange-traded status of the instruments and the nature of the underlying property to which the instruments are linked; the degree, if any, to which income (including any mandated accruals) realized by Non-U.S. Holders (as defined below) should be subject to withholding tax; and whether these instruments are or should be subject to the “constructive ownership” rule, as discussed above. While the notice requests comments on appropriate transition rules and effective dates, any Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the Securities, possibly with retroactive effect.
Both U.S. and Non-U.S. Holders should read carefully the discussion under “What Are the Tax Consequences of the Securities” in this preliminary pricing supplement and consult their tax advisers regarding all aspects of the U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in the Securities as well as any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.
Risks Relating to the Underlying Asset
♦Governmental regulatory actions, such as sanctions, could adversely affect your investment in the Securities. Governmental regulatory actions, including without limitation, sanctions-related actions by the U.S. or a foreign government, could prohibit or otherwise restrict persons from holding the Securities or the Underlying Asset, or engaging in transactions therein, and any such action could adversely affect the value of the Underlying Asset or the Securities. These regulatory actions could result in restrictions on the Securities and could result in the loss of a significant portion or all of your initial investment in the Securities, including if you are forced to divest the Securities due to the government mandates, especially if such divestment must be made at a time when the value of the Securities has declined.
♦Single commodity prices tend to be more volatile than, and may not correlate with, the prices of commodities generally. The SPDR® Gold Trust is linked exclusively to the price of gold and not to a diverse basket of commodities or a broad-based commodity index. The price of gold may not correlate to the price of commodities generally and may diverge significantly from the prices of commodities generally. Because the Securities are linked to the Underlying Asset which reflect the performance of the price of a single commodity, they carry greater risk and may be more volatile than a security linked to the prices of multiple commodities or a broad-based commodity index. The price of gold may be, and has recently been, highly volatile, and we can give you no assurance that the volatility will lessen. See “SPDR® Gold Trust” on page 16.
♦The securities are subject to risks associated with gold. The investment objective of the SPDR® Gold Trust is to reflect the performance of the price of gold bullion, less the SPDR® Gold Trust’s expenses. The price of gold to which the return on the Securities is linked is the afternoon London gold price per troy ounce of gold for delivery in London through a member of the LBMA authorized to effect such delivery. The market for gold bullion is global, and gold prices are subject to volatile price movements over short periods of time. Specific factors affecting the price of gold include economic factors, such as, among other things, the structure of and confidence in the global monetary system, expectations of the future rate of inflation, the relative strength of, and confidence in, the U.S. dollar (as the currency in which the price of gold is generally quoted), interest rates and gold borrowing and lending rates, and global or regional economic, financial, political, regulatory, judicial or other events, as well as wars and political and civil upheavals. Gold prices may also be affected by industry factors such as industrial and jewelry demand, lending, sales and purchases of gold by the official sector, including central banks and other governmental agencies and multilateral institutions that hold gold, sales of gold recycled from jewelry, as opposed to newly produced gold, in particular as the result of financial crises, levels of gold production and production costs in major gold-producing nations such as South Africa, the United States and Australia, non-concurrent trading hours of gold markets and short-term changes in supply and demand because of trading activities in the gold markets. It is not possible to predict the aggregate effect of any or all of these factors. The price of gold may be, and has recently been, extremely volatile, and we can give you no assurance that such volatility will lessen. See “SPDR® Gold Trust” on page 16.
♦There are risks relating to trading of commodities on the London Bullion Market Association. The investment objective of the SPDR® Gold Trust is to reflect the performance of the price of gold bullion, less the SPDR® Gold Trust’s expenses. The price of gold is determined by the LBMA or an independent service-provider appointed by the LBMA. The LBMA is a self-regulatory association of bullion market participants. Although all market-making members of the LBMA are supervised by the Bank of England and are required to satisfy a capital adequacy test, the LBMA itself is not a regulated entity. If the LBMA should cease operations, or if bullion trading should become subject to a value added tax or other tax or any other form of regulation currently not in place, the role of LBMA prices as a global benchmark for the value of gold may be adversely affected. The LBMA is a principals’ market which operates in a manner more closely analogous to over-the-counter physical commodity markets than regulated futures markets, and certain features of U.S. futures contracts are not present in the context of LBMA trading. For example, there are no daily price limits on the LBMA, which would otherwise restrict fluctuations in the prices of LBMA contracts. In a declining market, it is possible that prices would continue to decline without limitation within a Trading Day or over a period of Trading Days. The LBMA may alter, discontinue or suspend calculation or dissemination of the LBMA gold price, which could adversely affect the value of the Securities. The LBMA, or an independent service-provider appointed by the LBMA, will have no obligation to consider your interests in calculating or revising LBMA prices.
♦The performance and market price of the Fund, particularly during periods of market volatility, may not correlate with the performance of its commodity or the net asset value per share of the Fund. The Fund does not fully replicate the performance of its underlying commodity due to the fees and expenses charged by the Fund or by restrictions on access to the underlying commodity due to other circumstances. The Fund does not generate any income, and as the Fund regularly sells its underlying commodity to pay for ongoing expenses, the amount of its underlying commodity represented by each share gradually declines over time. The Fund sells its underlying commodity to pay expenses on an ongoing basis irrespective of whether the trading price of the shares rises or falls in response to changes in the price of its underlying commodity. The sale by the Fund of its underlying commodity to pay expenses at a time of relatively low prices for its underlying commodity could adversely affect the value of the Securities. Additionally, there is a risk that part or all of the holdings of the Fund in its underlying commodity could be lost, damaged or stolen due to war, terrorism, theft, natural disaster or otherwise. Finally,
8
because the shares of the Fund are traded on an exchange and are subject to market supply and investor demand, the market price of one share of the Fund may differ from the net asset value per share of the Fund.
In particular, during periods of market volatility, or unusual trading activity, the underlying commodity underlying the Fund may be disrupted or limited, or such underlying commodity may be unavailable in the secondary market. Under these circumstances, the liquidity of the Fund may be adversely affected, market participants may be unable to calculate accurately the net asset value per share of the Fund, and their ability to create and redeem shares of the Fund may be disrupted. Under these circumstances, the market price of shares of the Fund may vary substantially from the net asset value per share of the Fund or the performance of its underlying commodity.
For all of the foregoing reasons, the performance of the Fund may not correlate with the performance of its underlying commodity or the net asset value per share of the Fund. Any of these events could materially and adversely affect the price of the shares of the Fund and, therefore, the value of the Securities. Additionally, if market volatility or these events were to occur on the Final Valuation Date, the Calculation Agent would maintain discretion to determine whether such market volatility or events have caused a Market Disruption Event to occur, and such determination would affect the Payment at Maturity of the Securities. If the Calculation Agent determines that no Market Disruption Event has taken place, the payment at maturity would be based solely on the published closing price per share of the Fund on the Final Valuation Date, even if the Fund’s shares are underperforming its underlying commodity and/or trading below the net asset value per share of the Fund.
♦Suspensions or disruptions of market trading in commodity and related futures markets could adversely affect the price of the Securities. The commodity markets are subject to temporary distortions or other disruptions due to various factors, including the lack of liquidity in the markets, the participation of speculators and government regulation and intervention. In addition, U.S. futures exchanges and some foreign exchanges have regulations that limit the amount of fluctuation in futures contract prices which may occur during a single Business Day. These limits are generally referred to as “daily price fluctuation limits” and the maximum or minimum price of a contract on any given day as a result of these limits is referred to as a “limit price.” Once the limit price has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made at a different price. Limit prices have the effect of precluding trading in a particular contract or forcing the liquidation of contracts at disadvantageous times or prices. These circumstances could adversely affect the value of the underlying commodity of the Underlying Asset, and, therefore, the value of the Securities.
♦The antidilution adjustments the calculation agent is required to make do not cover every event that could affect the Underlying Asset. MS & Co., as calculation agent, will adjust the adjustment factor for certain events affecting the Underlying Asset. However, the calculation agent will not make an adjustment for every event that can affect the Underlying Asset. If an event occurs that does not require the calculation agent to adjust the adjustment factor, the market price of the Securities may be materially and adversely affected.
9
Hypothetical Payments on the Securities at Maturity |
These examples are based on hypothetical terms. The actual terms will be determined on the Trade Date.
The below scenario analysis and examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and are purely hypothetical. They do not purport to be representative of every possible scenario concerning increases or decreases in the price of the Underlying Asset relative to the Initial Level. We cannot predict the Final Level or the Closing Level of the Underlying Asset on any other day. You should not take the scenario analysis and these examples as an indication or assurance of the expected performance of the Underlying Asset. The numbers set forth in the examples below have been rounded for ease of analysis. The following scenario analysis and examples illustrate the Payment at Maturity for a $10.00 Principal Amount of Securities on a hypothetical offering of the Securities.
The following scenario analysis and examples assume a hypothetical Initial Level of $300, a hypothetical Downside Threshold of $270.00 (90% of the hypothetical Initial Level) and a Maximum Gain of 20.75%, the actual Initial Level, Downside Threshold and Maximum Gain will be determined on the Trade Date, and reflect the Upside Gearing of 1.25 and the 10% Buffer.
Example 1 — The price of the Underlying Asset increases from an Initial Level of $300.00 to a Final Level of $315.00. The Underlying Return is calculated as follows:
($315.00 – $300.00) / $300.00 = 5%
Because the Underlying Return is greater than zero, the Payment at Maturity for each $10.00 Principal Amount of Securities is calculated as the lesser of:
(A) $10.00 + ($10.00 × Underlying Return × Upside Gearing), and
(B) $10.00 + ($10.00 × Maximum Gain)
= the lesser of (A) $10.00 + ($10.00 × 5% × 1.25) and (B) $10.00 + ($10.00 × 20.75%)
= the lesser of (A) $10.00 + ($10.00 × 6.25%) and (B) $10.00 + ($10.00 × 20.75%)
= $10.00 + ($10.00 × 6.25%)
= $10.00 + $0.625
= $10.625
Because the Underlying Return of 5% multiplied by the Upside Gearing is less than the hypothetical Maximum Gain of 20.75%, for each $10.00 Principal Amount of Securities, MSFL will pay you $10.625 at maturity.
Example 2 — The price of the Underlying Asset increases from an Initial Level of $300.00 to a Final Level of $450.00. The Underlying Return is calculated as follows:
($450.00 – $300.00) / $300.00 = 50%
Because the Underlying Return is greater than zero, the Payment at Maturity for each $10.00 Principal Amount of Securities is calculated as the lesser of:
(A) $10.00 + ($10.00 × Underlying Return × Upside Gearing), and
(B) $10.00 + ($10.00 × Maximum Gain)
= the lesser of (A) $10.00 + ($10.00 × 50% × 1.25) and (B) $10.00 + ($10.00 × 20.75%)
= the lesser of (A) $10.00 + ($10.00 × 62.50%) and (B) $10.00 + ($10.00 × 20.75%)
= $10.00 + ($10.00 × 20.75%)
= $10.00 + $2.075
= $12.075
Because the Underlying Return of 50% multiplied by the Upside Gearing is greater than the hypothetical Maximum Gain of 20.75%, for each $10.00 Principal Amount of Securities, MSFL will pay you $12.075 at maturity, the hypothetical maximum Payment at Maturity on the Securities. This represents the hypothetical maximum amount payable over the two-year term of the Securities.
Example 3 — The price of the Underlying Asset decreases from an Initial Level of $300.00 to a Final Level of $285.00. The Underlying Return is calculated as follows:
($285.00 – $300.00) / $300.00 = -5%
Because the Underlying Return is negative, but the Final Level is greater than or equal to the hypothetical Downside Threshold, at maturity, for each $10.00 Principal Amount of Securities, MSFL will pay you the $10.00 Principal Amount (a zero percent return on the Principal Amount) at maturity.
Example 4 — The price of the Underlying Asset decreases from an Initial Level of $300.00 to a Final Level of $150.00. The Underlying Return is calculated as follows:
($150.00 – $300.00) / $300.00 = -50%
Because the Underlying Return is negative and the Final Level is less than the hypothetical Downside Threshold, at maturity, for each $10.00 Principal Amount of Securities, MSFL will pay you an amount equal to the Principal Amount reduced by 1% for every 1% by which the Underlying Asset’s percentage decline exceeds the 10% Buffer, and the Payment at Maturity is calculated as follows:
$10.00 + [$10.00 × (Underlying Return + Buffer)]
= $10.00 + [$10.00 × (-50% + 10%)]
= $10.00 + [$10.00 × -40%]
= $10.00 - $4.00
= $6.00
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Hypothetical Final Level |
Hypothetical Underlying Return |
Upside Gearing |
Hypothetical Payment at Maturity |
Hypothetical Return on Securities (1) |
$600.00 |
100.000% |
1.25 |
$12.075 |
20.75% |
$570.00 |
90.000% |
1.25 |
$12.075 |
20.75% |
$540.00 |
80.000% |
1.25 |
$12.075 |
20.75% |
$510.00 |
70.000% |
1.25 |
$12.075 |
20.75% |
$480.00 |
60.000% |
1.25 |
$12.075 |
20.75% |
$450.00 |
50.000% |
1.25 |
$12.075 |
20.75% |
$420.00 |
40.000% |
1.25 |
$12.075 |
20.75% |
$390.00 |
30.000% |
1.25 |
$12.075 |
20.75% |
$360.00 |
20.000% |
1.25 |
$12.075 |
20.75% |
$349.80 |
16.600% |
1.25 |
$12.075 |
20.75% |
$330.00 |
10.000% |
1.25 |
$11.250 |
12.50% |
$315.00 |
5.000% |
1.25 |
$10.625 |
6.25% |
$307.50 |
2.500% |
1.25 |
$10.313 |
3.13% |
$300.00 |
0.000% |
N/A |
$10.000 |
0.00% |
$292.50 |
-2.500% |
N/A |
$10.00 |
0.00% |
$285.00 |
-5.000% |
N/A |
$10.00 |
0.00% |
$270.00 |
-10.000% |
N/A |
$10.00 |
0.00% |
$240.00 |
-20.000% |
N/A |
$9.00 |
-10.00% |
$210.00 |
-30.000% |
N/A |
$8.00 |
-20.00% |
$180.00 |
-40.000% |
N/A |
$7.00 |
-30.00% |
$150.00 |
-50.000% |
N/A |
$6.00 |
-40.00% |
$120.00 |
-60.000% |
N/A |
$5.00 |
-50.00% |
$90.00 |
-70.000% |
N/A |
$4.00 |
-60.00% |
$60.00 |
-80.000% |
N/A |
$3.00 |
-70.00% |
$30.00 |
-90.000% |
N/A |
$2.00 |
-80.00% |
$0.00 |
-100.000% |
N/A |
$1.00 |
-90.00% |
(1) The “Return on Securities” is the number, expressed as a percentage, that results from comparing the Payment at Maturity per $10 Principal Amount per Security to the purchase price of $10 per Security.
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What Are the Tax Consequences of the Securities? |
Prospective investors should note that the discussion under the section called “United States Federal Taxation” in the accompanying prospectus supplement does not apply to the Securities issued under this preliminary pricing supplement and is superseded by the following discussion.
The following summary is a general discussion of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences and certain estate tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the Securities. This discussion applies only to investors in the Securities who:
♦purchase the Securities in the original offering; and
♦hold the Securities as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).
This discussion does not describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant to a holder in light of the holder’s particular circumstances or to holders subject to special rules, such as:
♦certain financial institutions;
♦insurance companies;
♦dealers and certain traders in securities or commodities;
♦investors holding the Securities as part of a “straddle,” wash sale, conversion transaction, integrated transaction or constructive sale transaction;
♦U.S. Holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar;
♦partnerships or other entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
♦regulated investment companies;
♦real estate investment trusts; or
♦tax-exempt entities, including “individual retirement accounts” or “Roth IRAs” as defined in Section 408 or 408A of the Code, respectively.
If an entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds the Securities, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partnership holding the Securities or a partner in such a partnership, you should consult your tax adviser as to the particular U.S. federal tax consequences of holding and disposing of the Securities to you.
In addition, we will not attempt to ascertain whether any issuer of any shares to which a Security relates (such shares hereafter referred to as “Underlying Shares”) is treated as a “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”) within the meaning of Section 1297 of the Code or as a “U.S. real property holding corporation” (“USRPHC”) within the meaning of Section 897 of the Code. If any issuer of Underlying Shares were so treated, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences might apply, to a U.S. Holder in the case of a PFIC and to a Non-U.S. Holder (as defined below) in the case of a USRPHC, upon the sale, exchange or settlement of the Securities. You should refer to information filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission or other governmental authorities by the issuers of the Underlying Shares and consult your tax adviser regarding the possible consequences to you if any issuer is or becomes a PFIC or USRPHC.
As the law applicable to the U.S. federal income taxation of instruments such as the Securities is technical and complex, the discussion below necessarily represents only a general summary. Moreover, the effect of any applicable state, local or non-U.S. tax laws is not discussed, nor are any alternative minimum tax consequences or consequences resulting from the Medicare tax on investment income.
This discussion is based on the Code, administrative pronouncements, judicial decisions and final, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations, all as of the date of this preliminary pricing supplement, changes to any of which subsequent to the date hereof may affect the tax consequences described herein. Persons considering the purchase of the Securities should consult their tax advisers with regard to the application of the U.S. federal income tax laws to their particular situations as well as any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.
General
Although there is uncertainty regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Securities due to the lack of governing authority, in the opinion of our counsel, under current law, and based on current market conditions, it is more likely than not that each Security will be treated as a single financial contract that is an “open transaction” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, because our counsel’s opinion is based in part on market conditions as of the date of this preliminary pricing supplement, it is subject to confirmation on the Trade Date.
Due to the absence of statutory, judicial or administrative authorities that directly address the treatment of the Securities or instruments that are similar to the Securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, no assurance can be given that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or a court will agree with the tax treatment described herein. Accordingly, you should consult your tax adviser regarding all aspects of the U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in the Securities (including possible alternative treatments of the Securities). Unless otherwise stated, the following discussion is based on the treatment of the Securities as described in the previous paragraph.
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Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders
This section applies to you only if you are a U.S. Holder. As used herein, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of a Security that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
♦a citizen or individual resident of the United States;
♦a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; or
♦an estate or trust the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source.
Tax Treatment of the Securities
Assuming the treatment of the Securities as set forth above is respected, the following U.S. federal income tax consequences should result.
Tax Treatment Prior to Settlement. A U.S. Holder should not be required to recognize taxable income over the term of the Securities prior to settlement, other than pursuant to a sale or exchange as described below.
Tax Basis. A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Securities should equal the amount paid by the U.S. Holder to acquire the Securities.
Sale, Exchange or Settlement of the Securities. Upon a sale, exchange or settlement of the Securities, a U.S. Holder should recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale, exchange or settlement and the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Securities sold, exchanged or settled. Subject to the discussion above regarding the possible application of Section 1297 of the Code, any gain or loss recognized upon the sale, exchange or settlement of the Securities should be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder has held the Securities for more than one year at such time, and short-term capital gain or loss otherwise.
Potential Application of the Constructive Ownership Rule. Because the Securities are linked to shares of an exchange-traded fund, although the matter is not clear, there is a substantial risk that an investment in the Securities will be treated as a “constructive ownership transaction” under Section 1260 of the Code. If this treatment applies, all or a portion of any long-term capital gain of the U.S. Holder in respect of the Securities could be recharacterized as ordinary income (the “Recharacterized Gain”), in which case an interest charge will be imposed. The amount of Recharacterized Gain (if any) that would be treated as ordinary income in respect of a Security will equal the excess of (i) any long-term capital gain recognized by the U.S. Holder in respect of a Security over (ii) the “net underlying long-term capital gain” (as defined in Section 1260 of the Code). Under Section 1260 of the Code, the amount of net underlying long-term capital gain will be treated as zero unless otherwise “established by clear and convincing evidence.” As a result of the terms of the Securities, it is unclear how to calculate the amount of Recharacterized Gain if an investment in the Securities were treated as a constructive ownership transaction. In addition, long-term capital gain that a U.S. Holder would otherwise recognize in respect of the securities up to the amount of the “net underlying long-term capital gain” could, if the U.S. Holder is an individual or other non-corporate investor, be subject to tax at the higher rates applicable to “collectibles” instead of the general rates that apply to long-term capital gain. Due to the lack of governing authority, our counsel is unable to opine as to whether or how Section 1260 of the Code applies to the Securities. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the potential application of the “constructive ownership” rule.
Possible Alternative Tax Treatments of an Investment in the Securities
Due to the absence of authorities that directly address the proper tax treatment of the Securities, no assurance can be given that the IRS will accept, or that a court will uphold, the treatment described above. In particular, due to the terms of the Securities and current market conditions, there is a risk that the IRS could seek to analyze the U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning the Securities under Treasury regulations governing contingent payment debt instruments (the “Contingent Debt Regulations”). If the IRS were successful in asserting that the Contingent Debt Regulations applied to the Securities, the timing and character of income thereon would be significantly affected. Among other things, a U.S. Holder would be required to accrue into income original issue discount on the Securities every year at a “comparable yield” determined at the time of their issuance, adjusted upward or downward to reflect the difference, if any, between the actual and the projected amount of the contingent payment on the Securities. Furthermore, any gain realized by a U.S. Holder at maturity or upon a sale, exchange or other disposition of the Securities would generally be treated as ordinary income, and any loss realized would be treated as ordinary loss to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s prior accruals of original issue discount and as capital loss thereafter. The risk that financial instruments providing for buffers, triggers or similar downside protection features, such as the Securities, would be recharacterized as debt is greater than the risk of recharacterization for comparable financial instruments that do not have such features.
Other alternative federal income tax treatments of the Securities are also possible, which, if applied, could significantly affect the timing and character of the income or loss with respect to the Securities. In 2007, the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar instruments. The notice focuses in particular on whether to require holders of these instruments to accrue income over the term of their investment. It also asks for comments on a number of related topics, including the character of income or loss with respect to these instruments; whether short-term instruments should be subject to any such accrual regime; the relevance of factors such as the exchange-traded status of the instruments and the nature of the underlying property to which the instruments are linked; and whether these instruments are or should be subject to the “constructive ownership” rule, which very generally can operate to recharacterize certain long-term capital gain as ordinary income and impose an interest charge. While the notice requests comments on appropriate transition rules and effective dates, any Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the Securities, possibly with
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retroactive effect. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Securities, including possible alternative treatments and the issues presented by this notice.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
Backup withholding may apply in respect of the payment on the Securities at maturity and the payment of proceeds from a sale, exchange or other disposition of the Securities, unless a U.S. Holder provides proof of an applicable exemption or a correct taxpayer identification number and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. The amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules are not an additional tax and may be refunded, or credited against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. In addition, information returns may be filed with the IRS in connection with the payment on the Securities and the payment of proceeds from a sale, exchange or other disposition of the Securities, unless the U.S. Holder provides proof of an applicable exemption from the information reporting rules.
Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders
This section applies to you only if you are a Non-U.S. Holder. As used herein, the term “Non-U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of a Security that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
♦an individual who is classified as a nonresident alien;
♦a foreign corporation; or
♦a foreign estate or trust.
The term “Non-U.S. Holder” does not include any of the following holders:
a holder who is an individual present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of disposition and who is not otherwise a resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
certain former citizens or residents of the United States; or
a holder for whom income or gain in respect of the Securities is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.
Such holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Securities.
Tax Treatment upon Sale, Exchange or Settlement of the Securities
In general. Assuming the treatment of the Securities as set forth above is respected, and subject to the discussions below concerning backup withholding and the possible application of Section 871(m) of the Code and the discussion above concerning the possible application of Section 897 of the Code, a Non-U.S. Holder of the Securities generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax in respect of amounts paid to the Non-U.S. Holder.
Subject to the discussions regarding the possible application of Sections 871(m) and 897 of the Code and FATCA, if all or any portion of a Security were recharacterized as a debt instrument, any payment made to a Non-U.S. Holder with respect to the Securities would not be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax, provided that:
♦the Non-U.S. Holder does not own, directly or by attribution, ten percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of Morgan Stanley stock entitled to vote;
♦the Non-U.S. Holder is not a controlled foreign corporation related, directly or indirectly, to Morgan Stanley through stock ownership;
♦the Non-U.S. Holder is not a bank receiving interest under Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, and
♦the certification requirement described below has been fulfilled with respect to the beneficial owner.
Certification Requirement. The certification requirement referred to in the preceding paragraph will be fulfilled if the beneficial owner of a Security (or a financial institution holding a Security on behalf of the beneficial owner) furnishes to the applicable withholding agent an IRS Form W-8BEN (or other appropriate form) on which the beneficial owner certifies under penalties of perjury that it is not a U.S. person.
In 2007, the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar instruments. Among the issues addressed in the notice is the degree, if any, to which any income with respect to instruments such as the Securities should be subject to U.S. withholding tax. It is possible that any Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of this issue could materially and adversely affect the withholding tax consequences of ownership and disposition of the Securities, possibly on a retroactive basis. Non-U.S. Holders should note that we currently do not intend to withhold on any payment made with respect to the Securities to Non-U.S. Holders (subject to compliance by such holders with the certification requirement described above and to the discussions regarding Sections 871(m) and 897 of the Code and FATCA). However, in the event of a change of law
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or any formal or informal guidance by the IRS, the U.S. Treasury Department or Congress, we may decide to withhold on payments made with respect to the Securities to Non-U.S. Holders, and we will not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts withheld. Accordingly, Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding all aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Securities, including the possible implications of the notice referred to above.
Section 871(m) Withholding Tax on Dividend Equivalents
Section 871(m) of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 871(m)”) generally impose a 30% (or a lower applicable treaty rate) withholding tax on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities (each, an “Underlying Security”). Because the Securities reference an exchange-traded fund, and neither the fund nor any of its holdings is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as an Underlying Security, payment on the Securities to Non-U.S. Holders should not be subject to Section 871(m).
Our determination is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this determination. Section 871(m) is complex and its application may depend on your particular circumstances, including whether you enter into other transactions with respect to an Underlying Security. If withholding is required, we will not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to the amounts so withheld. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the potential application of Section 871(m) to the Securities.
U.S. Federal Estate Tax
Individual Non-U.S. Holders and entities the property of which is potentially includible in such an individual’s gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes (for example, a trust funded by such an individual and with respect to which the individual has retained certain interests or powers), should note that, absent an applicable treaty exemption, the Securities may be treated as U.S. situs property subject to U.S. federal estate tax. Prospective investors that are non-U.S. individuals, or are entities of the type described above, should consult their tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal estate tax consequences of an investment in the Securities.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
Information returns may be filed with the IRS in connection with the payment on the Securities at maturity as well as in connection with the payment of proceeds from a sale, exchange or other disposition of the Securities. A Non-U.S. Holder may be subject to backup withholding in respect of amounts paid to the Non-U.S. Holder, unless such Non-U.S. Holder complies with certification procedures to establish that it is not a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise establishes an exemption. Compliance with the certification procedures described above under “―Tax Treatment upon Sale, Exchange or Settlement of the Securities – Certification Requirement” will satisfy the certification requirements necessary to avoid backup withholding as well. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a Non-U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against the Non-U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the Non-U.S. Holder to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
FATCA
Legislation commonly referred to as “FATCA” generally imposes a withholding tax of 30% on payments to certain non-U.S. entities (including financial intermediaries) with respect to certain financial instruments, unless various U.S. information reporting and due diligence requirements have been satisfied. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and the non-U.S. entity’s jurisdiction may modify these requirements. FATCA generally applies to certain financial instruments that are treated as paying U.S.-source interest or other U.S.-source “fixed or determinable annual or periodical” income (“FDAP income”). Due to the terms of the Securities and current market conditions, there is a risk that the IRS could seek to recharacterize the Securities as debt instruments. If the Securities were recharacterized as debt instruments, FATCA would apply to any payment of amounts treated as interest and to payments of gross proceeds of the disposition (including upon retirement) of the Securities. However, under proposed regulations (the preamble to which specifies that taxpayers are permitted to rely on them pending finalization), no withholding will apply on payments of gross proceeds (other than amounts treated as FDAP income). If withholding were to apply to the Securities, we would not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts withheld. Both U.S. and Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the potential application of FATCA to the Securities.
The discussion in the preceding paragraphs under “What Are the Tax Consequences of the Securities,” insofar as it purports to describe provisions of U.S. federal income tax laws or legal conclusions with respect thereto, constitutes the full opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP regarding the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Securities.
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SPDR® Gold Trust |
The SPDR® Gold Trust (the “Gold Trust”) is an investment trust sponsored by World Gold Trust Services, LLC and marketed by State Street Global Advisors Funds Distributors, LLC, which seeks to provide investment results that reflect the performance of the price of gold bullion, less the Gold Trust’s expenses. The Gold Trust holds gold bars. Information provided to or filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“the Commission”) by the Trust pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 can be located by reference to Commission file number 001-32356 through the Commission’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information may be obtained from other publicly available sources. Neither the issuer nor the agent makes any representation that any such publicly available information regarding the Gold Trust is accurate or complete.
We have derived all information regarding the Gold Trust, including its make-up and method of calculation, from publicly available information, without independent verification. This information reflects the policies of, and is subject to change by, the Gold Trust and World Gold Trust Services, LLC (“World Gold”), the sponsor of the Gold Trust. BNY Mellon Asset Servicing, a division of The Bank of New York Mellon, is the trustee of the Gold Trust, and HSBC Bank plc is the custodian of the Gold Trust. The Gold Trust is an investment trust. Shares of the Gold Trust trade under the ticker symbol “GLD” on the NYSE Arca, Inc.
The investment objective of the Gold Trust is to reflect the performance of the price of gold bullion, less the Gold Trust’s expenses. The Gold Trust holds gold bars. The Gold Trust issues shares in exchange for deposits of gold and distributes gold in connection with the redemption of shares. The shares of the Gold Trust are intended to offer investors an opportunity to participate in the gold market through an investment in securities. The ownership of the shares of the Gold Trust is intended to overcome certain barriers to entry in the gold market, such as the logistics of buying, storing and insuring gold.
The shares of the Gold Trust represent units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Gold Trust, the primary asset of which is allocated (or secured) gold. The Gold Trust is not managed like a corporation or an active investment vehicle. The gold held by the Gold Trust will be sold only: (1) on an as-needed basis to pay the Gold Trust’s expenses, (2) in the event the Gold Trust terminates and liquidates its assets or (3) as otherwise required by law or regulation. Effective July 17, 2015, the Gold Trust’s only recurring fixed expense is World Gold’s fee, which accrues daily at an annual rate equal to 0.40% of the daily net asset value of the Gold Trust, in exchange for World Gold assuming the responsibility to pay all ordinary fees and expenses of the Gold Trust.
Historical Information |
The following table presents the published high and low prices of the Underlying Asset, as well as end-of-quarter prices of the Underlying Asset, for each quarter in the period from January 1, 2020 through September 3, 2025. The Closing Level of the Underlying Asset on September 3, 2025 was $328.14. The related graph sets forth the daily prices of gold from January 1, 2008 through September 3, 2025. We obtained the prices of gold and other information below from Bloomberg Financial Markets, without independent verification. The Underlying Asset experiences periods of high volatility, and you should not take the historical values of the Underlying Asset as an indication of future performance, and no assurance can be given as to the Closing Level of the Underlying Asset on the Final Valuation Date.
Quarter Begin |
|
Quarter End |
|
Quarterly High ($) |
Quarterly Low ($) |
Quarterly Close ($) |
1/1/2020 |
|
3/31/2020 |
|
157.81 |
138.04 |
148.05 |
4/1/2020 |
|
6/30/2020 |
|
167.37 |
149.45 |
167.37 |
7/1/2020 |
|
9/30/2020 |
|
193.89 |
166.62 |
177.12 |
10/1/2020 |
|
12/31/2020 |
|
183.19 |
166.67 |
178.36 |
1/1/2021 |
|
3/31/2021 |
|
182.87 |
157.49 |
159.96 |
4/1/2021 |
|
6/30/2021 |
|
178.77 |
161.92 |
165.63 |
7/1/2021 |
|
9/30/2021 |
|
171.17 |
161.32 |
164.22 |
10/1/2021 |
|
12/31/2021 |
|
174.50 |
163.92 |
170.96 |
1/1/2022 |
|
3/31/2022 |
|
191.51 |
166.99 |
180.65 |
4/1/2022 |
|
6/30/2022 |
|
184.65 |
168.46 |
168.46 |
7/1/2022 |
|
9/30/2022 |
|
168.32 |
151.23 |
154.67 |
10/1/2022 |
|
12/31/2022 |
|
169.64 |
151.45 |
169.64 |
1/1/2023 |
|
3/31/2023 |
|
185.74 |
168.35 |
183.22 |
4/1/2023 |
|
6/30/2023 |
|
190.44 |
177.09 |
178.27 |
7/1/2023 |
|
9/30/2023 |
|
183.67 |
171.45 |
171.45 |
10/1/2023 |
|
12/31/2023 |
|
192.59 |
168.83 |
191.17 |
1/1/2024 |
|
3/31/2024 |
|
288.14 |
243.19 |
288.14 |
4/1/2024 |
|
6/30/2024 |
|
316.29 |
273.71 |
304.83 |
7/1/2024 |
|
9/30/2024 |
|
328.14 |
300.96 |
328.14 |
10/1/2024 |
|
12/31/2024 |
|
288.14 |
243.19 |
288.14 |
1/1/2025 |
|
3/31/2025 |
|
288.14 |
243.19 |
288.14 |
4/1/2025 |
|
6/30/2025 |
|
316.29 |
273.71 |
304.83 |
7/1/2025 |
|
9/3/2025* |
|
328.14 |
300.96 |
328.14 |
*Available information for the indicated period includes data for less than the entire calendar quarter and accordingly, the “Quarterly High,” “Quarterly Low” and “Quarterly Close” data indicated are for this shortened period only.
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The graph below illustrates the performance of the SPDR® Gold Trust from January 1, 2008 through September 3, 2025, based on information from Bloomberg. Past performance of the Underlying Asset is not indicative of the future performance of the Underlying Asset.
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Additional Terms of the Securities |
Some Definitions
We have defined some of the terms that we use frequently in this preliminary pricing supplement below:
♦“Closing Level,” means, on any Trading Day:
oif the Underlying Asset (or any such other security) is listed on a national securities exchange (other than the Nasdaq), the last reported sale price, regular way, of the principal trading session on such day on the principal national securities exchange registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), on which the Underlying Asset (or any such other security) is listed,
oif the Underlying Asset (or any such other security) is securities of Nasdaq, the official closing price published by Nasdaq on such day, or
oif the Underlying Asset (or any such other security) is not listed on any national securities exchange but are included in the OTC Bulletin Board Service (the “OTC Bulletin Board”) operated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”), the last reported sale price of the principal trading session on the OTC Bulletin Board on such day.
If the Underlying Asset (or any such other security) is listed on any national securities exchange but the last reported sale price or the official closing price published by Nasdaq, as applicable, is not available pursuant to the preceding sentence, then the closing price for one Underlying Asset (or one unit of any such other security) on any Trading Day will mean the last reported sale price of the principal trading session on the over-the-counter market as reported on Nasdaq or the OTC Bulletin Board on such day. If a Market Disruption Event (as defined below) occurs with respect to the Underlying Asset (or any such other security) or the last reported sale price or the official closing price published by Nasdaq, as applicable, for the Underlying Asset (or any such other security) is not available pursuant to the two preceding sentences, then the closing price for any Trading Day will be the mean, as determined by the calculation agent, of the bid prices for the Underlying Asset (or any such other security) for such Trading Day obtained from as many recognized dealers in such security, but not exceeding three, as will make such bid prices available to the calculation agent. Bids of MS & Co. and its successors or any of its affiliates may be included in the calculation of such mean, but only to the extent that any such bid is the highest of the bids obtained. If no bid prices are provided from any third-party dealers, the closing price will be determined by the calculation agent in its sole and absolute discretion (acting in good faith) taking into account any information that it deems relevant. The term “OTC Bulletin Board Service” will include any successor service thereto. See “Discontinuance of the Underlying Asset; alteration of method of calculation” below.
♦“Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday or Sunday which is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions are required or authorized by law or regulation to close in New York, New York or the city and state of our principal place of business or a day on which transactions in U.S. dollars are not conducted.
♦“Trading Day” means a day, as determined by the calculation agent, on which NYSE Arca (or if NYSE Arca is no longer the principal exchange or trading market for the Underlying Asset, such exchange or principal trading market for the Underlying Asset that serves as the price-source for the Underlying Asset) is open for trading during its regular session, notwithstanding such exchange or principal trading market closing prior to its scheduled closing time.
♦ “Market Disruption Event” means:
(i) the occurrence or existence of any of:
(a) a suspension, absence or material limitation of trading of the Underlying Asset on the primary market for the Underlying Asset for more than two hours of trading or during the one-half hour period preceding the close of the principal trading session in such market; or a breakdown or failure in the price and trade reporting systems of the primary market for the Underlying Asset as a result of which the reported trading prices for the Underlying Asset during the last one-half hour preceding the close of the principal trading session in such market are materially inaccurate; or the suspension, absence or material limitation of trading on the primary market for trading in futures or options contracts related to the Underlying Asset, if available, during the one-half hour period preceding the close of the principal trading session in the applicable market; or
(b) a suspension, material limitation or absence of trading on any major U.S. securities market for trading in futures or options contracts related to the Underlying Asset for more than two hours of trading or during the one-half hour period preceding the close of the principal trading session on such market,
In each case, as determined by the Calculation Agent in its sole discretion; and
(ii) a determination by the calculation agent in its sole discretion that any event described in clause (i) above materially interfered with our ability or the ability of any of our affiliates to unwind or adjust all or a material portion of the hedge position with respect to the Securities.
For the purpose of determining whether a Market Disruption Event exists at any time, if trading in a security included in the Underlying Asset is materially suspended or materially limited at that time, then the relevant percentage contribution of that security to the value of the Underlying Asset shall be based on a comparison of (x) the portion of the value of the Underlying Asset attributable to that security relative to (y) the overall value of the Underlying Asset, in each case immediately before that suspension or limitation.
For the purpose of determining whether a Market Disruption Event in respect of the Underlying Asset has occurred: (1) a limitation on the hours or number of days of trading will not constitute a Market Disruption Event if it results from an announced change in the regular
18
business hours of the market, (2) a decision to permanently discontinue trading in the Underlying Asset or in the relevant futures or options contract will not constitute a Market Disruption Event, (3) a suspension of trading in futures or options contracts on the Underlying Asset by the primary securities market trading in such contracts by reason of (a) a price change exceeding limits set by such securities exchange or market, (b) an imbalance of orders relating to such contracts or (c) a disparity in bid and ask quotes relating to such contracts will constitute a suspension, absence or material limitation of trading in futures or options contracts related to the Underlying Asset and (4) a “suspension, absence or material limitation of trading” on the primary market on which futures or options contracts related to the Underlying Asset is traded will not include any time when such securities market is itself closed for trading under ordinary circumstances.
Postponement of Final Valuation Date and Maturity Date
If the scheduled Final Valuation Date is not an Business Day or if a Market Disruption Event with respect to the Underlying occurs on such date, the Closing Level for such date will be determined on the immediately succeeding Business Day on which no Market Disruption Event shall have occurred; provided that the Closing Level with respect to the Final Valuation Date will not be determined on a date later than the fifth scheduled Business Day after the scheduled Final Valuation Date, and if such date is not an Business Day or if there is a Market Disruption Event on such date, the Calculation Agent will determine the Closing Level of the Underlying on such date in accordance with the formula for calculating such Underlying last in effect prior to the commencement of the Market Disruption Event (or prior to the non-Business Day), without rebalancing or substitution, using the closing price (or, if trading in the relevant securities has been materially suspended or materially limited, its good faith estimate of the closing price that would have prevailed but for such suspension, limitation or non-Business Day) on such date of each security most recently constituting the Underlying.
If, due to a Market Disruption Event or otherwise, the Final Valuation Date is postponed so that it falls less than two Business Days prior to the scheduled Maturity Date, the Maturity Date will be postponed to the second Business Day following the Final Valuation Date as postponed.
Antidilution Adjustments
If the Underlying Asset is subject to a share split or reverse share split, then once such split has become effective, the adjustment factor for the Underlying Asset will be adjusted by the calculation agent to equal the product of the prior adjustment factor and the number of shares issued in such share split or reverse share split with respect to one share of the Underlying Asset. No such adjustment to the Adjustment Factor will be required unless such adjustment would require a change of at least 0.1% in the amount being adjusted as then in effect. Any number so adjusted will be rounded to the nearest one hundred-thousandth with five one-millionths being rounded upward. The calculation agent will be solely responsible for the determination and calculation of any adjustments to the adjustment factors or method of calculating the adjustment factors and of any related determinations, and its determinations and calculations with respect thereto will be conclusive in the absence of manifest error.
Alternate Exchange Calculation in case of an Event of Default
If an event of default with respect to the Securities shall have occurred and be continuing, the amount declared due and payable upon any acceleration of the Securities (the “Acceleration Amount”) will be an amount, determined by the Calculation Agent in its sole discretion, that is equal to the cost of having a Qualified Financial Institution, of the kind and selected as described below, expressly assume all our payment and other obligations with respect to the Securities as of that day and as if no default or acceleration had occurred, or to undertake other obligations providing substantially equivalent economic value to you with respect to the Securities. That cost will equal:
othe lowest amount that a Qualified Financial Institution would charge to effect this assumption or undertaking, plus
othe reasonable expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, incurred by the holders of the Securities in preparing any documentation necessary for this assumption or undertaking.
During the Default Quotation Period for the Securities, which we describe below, the holders of the Securities and/or we may request a Qualified Financial Institution to provide a quotation of the amount it would charge to effect this assumption or undertaking. If either party obtains a quotation, it must notify the other party in writing of the quotation. The amount referred to in the first bullet point above will equal the lowest—or, if there is only one, the only—quotation obtained, and as to which notice is so given, during the Default Quotation Period. With respect to any quotation, however, the party not obtaining the quotation may object, on reasonable and significant grounds, to the assumption or undertaking by the Qualified Financial Institution providing the quotation and notify the other party in writing of those grounds within two business days after the last day of the Default Quotation Period, in which case that quotation will be disregarded in determining the Acceleration Amount.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, bankruptcy or insolvency of, or any analogous proceeding is filed with respect to MSFL or Morgan Stanley, then depending on applicable bankruptcy law, your claim may be limited to an amount that could be less than the Acceleration Amount.
If the maturity of the Securities is accelerated because of an event of default as described above, we shall, or shall cause the Calculation Agent to, provide written notice to the Trustee at its New York office, on which notice the Trustee may conclusively rely, and to the Depositary of the Acceleration Amount and the aggregate cash amount due, if any, with respect to the Securities as promptly as possible and in no event later than two business days after the date of such acceleration.
Default Quotation Period
The Default Quotation Period is the period beginning on the day the Acceleration Amount first becomes due and ending on the third business day after that day, unless:
19
ono quotation of the kind referred to above is obtained, or
oevery quotation of that kind obtained is objected to within five business days after the due date as described above.
If either of these two events occurs, the Default Quotation Period will continue until the third business day after the first business day on which prompt notice of a quotation is given as described above. If that quotation is objected to as described above within five business days after that first business day, however, the Default Quotation Period will continue as described in the prior sentence and this sentence.
In any event, if the Default Quotation Period and the subsequent two business day objection period have not ended before the Final Valuation Date, then the Acceleration Amount will equal the principal amount of the Securities.
Qualified Financial Institutions
For the purpose of determining the Acceleration Amount at any time, a Qualified Financial Institution must be a financial institution organized under the laws of any jurisdiction in the United States or Europe, which at that time has outstanding debt obligations with a stated maturity of one year or less from the date of issue and rated either:
oA-2 or higher by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services or any successor, or any other comparable rating then used by that rating agency, or
oP-2 or higher by Moody’s Investors Service or any successor, or any other comparable rating then used by that rating agency.
Discontinuance of the Underlying Asset; Alteration of Method of Calculation
If trading in the Underlying Asset on every applicable national securities exchange is permanently discontinued or the Underlying Asset is liquidated or otherwise terminated (a “discontinuance or liquidation event”), the Securities will be deemed accelerated to the fifth Business Day following the date notice of such liquidation event is provided to holders of the Underlying Asset under the terms of the Underlying Asset (the date of such notice, the “liquidation announcement date” and the fifth Business Day following the liquidation announcement date, the “acceleration date”), and the payment to you on the acceleration date will be equal to the fair market value of the Securities on the Trading Day immediately following the liquidation announcement date as determined by the calculation agent in its sole discretion based on its internal models, which will take into account the reasonable costs incurred by us or any of our affiliates in unwinding any related hedging arrangements.
Trustee
The “Trustee” for each offering of notes issued under our Senior Debt Indenture, including the Securities, will be The Bank of New York Mellon, a New York banking corporation.
Agent
The “agent” is MS & Co.
Calculation Agent and Calculations
The “Calculation Agent” for the Securities will be MS & Co. As Calculation Agent, MS & Co. will determine, among other things, the Initial Level, the Downside Threshold, the Final Level, the Underlying Return and the Payment at Maturity.
All determinations made by the Calculation Agent will be at the sole discretion of the Calculation Agent and will, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive for all purposes and binding on you, the Trustee and us.
All calculations with respect to the Payment at Maturity, if any, will be rounded to the nearest one hundred-thousandth, with five one-millionths rounded upward (e.g., .876545 would be rounded to .87655); all dollar amounts related to determination of the amount of cash payable per Security will be rounded to the nearest ten-thousandth, with five one hundred-thousandths rounded upward (e.g., .76545 would be rounded up to .7655); and all dollar amounts paid on the aggregate number of Securities will be rounded to the nearest cent, with one-half cent rounded upward.
Because the Calculation Agent is our affiliate, the economic interests of the Calculation Agent and its affiliates may be adverse to your interests, as an owner of the Securities, including with respect to certain determinations and judgments that the Calculation Agent must make in determining the Final Level or whether a Market Disruption Event has occurred. See “—Discontinuance of the Underlying Asset; Alteration of Method of Calculation,” and the definition of Market Disruption Event. MS & Co. is obligated to carry out its duties and functions as Calculation Agent in good faith and using its reasonable judgment.
Form of Securities
The Securities will be issued in the form of one or more fully registered global securities which will be deposited with, or on behalf of, the Depositary and will be registered in the name of a nominee of the Depositary. The Depositary’s nominee will be the only registered holder of the Securities. Your beneficial interest in the Securities will be evidenced solely by entries on the books of the securities intermediary acting on your behalf as a direct or indirect participant in the Depositary. In this preliminary pricing supplement, all references to payments or notices to you will mean payments or notices to the Depositary, as the registered holder of the Securities, for distribution to participants in accordance with the Depositary’s procedures. For more information regarding the Depositary and book entry notes, please read “The Depositary” in the accompanying prospectus supplement and “Forms of Securities—Global Securities—Registered Global Securities” in the accompanying prospectus.
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Issuer Notice to Registered Security Holders, the Trustee and the Depositary
In the event that the Maturity Date of the Securities is postponed due to a postponement of the Final Valuation Date, the Issuer shall give notice of such postponement and, once it has been determined, of the date to which the Maturity Date has been rescheduled (i) to each registered holder of the Securities by mailing notice of such postponement by first class mail, postage prepaid, to such registered holder’s last address as it shall appear upon the registry books, (ii) to the Trustee by facsimile confirmed by mailing such notice to the Trustee by first class mail, postage prepaid, at its New York office and (iii) to The Depository Trust Company (the “Depositary”) by telephone or facsimile confirmed by mailing such notice to the Depositary by first class mail, postage prepaid. Any notice that is mailed to a registered holder of the Securities in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given to such registered holder, whether or not such registered holder receives the notice. The Issuer shall give such notice as promptly as possible, and in no case later than (i) with respect to notice of postponement of the Maturity Date, the Business Day immediately preceding the scheduled Maturity Date and (ii) with respect to notice of the date to which the Maturity Date has been rescheduled, the Business Day immediately following the Final Valuation Date as postponed.
The Issuer shall, or shall cause the Calculation Agent to, (i) provide written notice to the Trustee and to the Depositary of the amount of cash, if any, to be delivered with respect to each stated principal amount of the Securities, on or prior to 10:30 a.m. (New York City time) on the Business Day preceding the Maturity Date, and (ii) deliver the aggregate cash amount due with respect to the Securities, if any, to the Trustee for delivery to the Depositary, as holder of the Securities, on the Maturity Date.
Use of Proceeds and Hedging |
The proceeds from the sale of the Securities will be used by us for general corporate purposes. We will receive, in aggregate, $10 per Security issued, because, when we enter into hedging transactions in order to meet our obligations under the Securities, our hedging counterparty will reimburse the cost of the Agent’s commissions. The costs of the Securities borne by you and described on page 2 above comprise the Agent’s commissions and the cost of issuing, structuring and hedging the Securities. See also “Use of Proceeds” in the accompanying prospectus.
On or prior to the Trade Date, we will hedge our anticipated exposure in connection with the Securities, by entering into hedging transactions with our affiliates and/or third party dealers. We expect our hedging counterparties to take positions in the Underlying Asset or futures contracts or forward contracts on the Underlying Asset or positions in any other available securities or instruments that they may wish to use in connection with such hedging. Such purchase activity could increase the Initial Level of the Underlying Asset, and, therefore, could increase the Downside Threshold, which is the price at or above which the Underlying Asset must close on the Final Valuation Date so that you do not suffer a loss on your initial investment in the Securities. In addition, through our affiliates, we are likely to modify our hedge position throughout the term of the Securities, including on the Final Valuation Date, by purchasing and selling the Underlying Asset or futures contracts or forward contracts on the Underlying Asset or positions in any other available securities or instruments that we may wish to use in connection with such hedging activities, including by purchasing or selling any such securities or instruments on the Final Valuation Date. As a result, these entities may be unwinding or adjusting hedge positions during the term of the Securities, and the hedging strategy may involve greater and more frequent dynamic adjustments to the hedge as the Final Valuation Date approaches. We cannot give any assurance that our hedging activities will not affect the price of the Underlying Asset, and, therefore, adversely affect the value of the Securities or the amount payable at maturity.
Benefit Plan Investor Considerations |
Each fiduciary of a pension, profit-sharing or other employee benefit plan subject to Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”) (a “Plan”), should consider the fiduciary standards of ERISA in the context of the Plan’s particular circumstances before authorizing an investment in the Securities. Accordingly, among other factors, the fiduciary should consider whether the investment would satisfy the prudence and diversification requirements of ERISA and would be consistent with the documents and instruments governing the Plan.
In addition, we and certain of our affiliates, including MS & Co., may each be considered a “party in interest” within the meaning of ERISA, or a “disqualified person” within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), with respect to many Plans, as well as many individual retirement accounts and Keogh plans (such accounts and plans, together with other plans, accounts and arrangements subject to Section 4975 of the Code, also “Plans”). ERISA Section 406 and Code Section 4975 generally prohibit transactions between Plans and parties in interest or disqualified persons. Prohibited transactions within the meaning of ERISA or the Code would likely arise, for example, if the Securities are acquired by or with the assets of a Plan with respect to which MS & Co. or any of its affiliates is a service provider or other party in interest, unless the Securities are acquired pursuant to an exemption from the “prohibited transaction” rules. A violation of these “prohibited transaction” rules could result in an excise tax or other liabilities under ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code for those persons, unless exemptive relief is available under an applicable statutory or administrative exemption.
The U.S. Department of Labor has issued five prohibited transaction class exemptions (“PTCEs”) that may provide exemptive relief for direct or indirect prohibited transactions resulting from the purchase or holding of the Securities. Those class exemptions are PTCE 96-23 (for certain transactions determined by in-house asset managers), PTCE 95-60 (for certain transactions involving insurance company general accounts), PTCE 91-38 (for certain transactions involving bank collective investment funds), PTCE 90-1 (for certain transactions involving insurance company separate accounts) and PTCE 84-14 (for certain transactions determined by independent qualified professional asset managers). In addition, ERISA Section 408(b)(17) and Code Section 4975(d)(20) provide an exemption for the purchase and sale of securities and the related lending transactions, provided that neither the issuer of the securities nor any of its affiliates has or exercises any discretionary authority or control or renders any investment advice with respect to the assets of the Plan involved in the transaction, and provided further that the Plan pays no more, and receives no less, than “adequate consideration” in connection with the transaction (the so-called “service provider” exemption). There can be no assurance that any of these class or statutory exemptions will be available with respect to transactions involving the Securities.
Because we may be considered a party in interest with respect to many Plans, the Securities may not be purchased, held or disposed of by any Plan, any entity whose underlying assets include “plan assets” by reason of any Plan’s investment in the entity (a “Plan Asset Entity”) or any person investing “plan assets” of any Plan, unless such purchase, holding or disposition is eligible for exemptive relief, including relief available
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under PTCEs 96-23, 95-60, 91-38, 90-1, 84-14 or the service provider exemption or such purchase, holding or disposition is otherwise not prohibited. Any purchaser, including any fiduciary purchasing on behalf of a Plan, transferee or holder of the Securities will be deemed to have represented, in its corporate and its fiduciary capacity, by its purchase and holding of the Securities that either (a) it is not a Plan or a Plan Asset Entity and is not purchasing such Securities on behalf of or with “plan assets” of any Plan or with any assets of a governmental, non-U.S. or church plan that is subject to any federal, state, local or non-U.S. law that is substantially similar to the provisions of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code (“Similar Law”) or (b) its purchase, holding and disposition of these Securities will not constitute or result in a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code or violate any Similar Law.
Due to the complexity of these rules and the penalties that may be imposed upon persons involved in non-exempt prohibited transactions, it is particularly important that fiduciaries or other persons considering purchasing the Securities on behalf of or with “plan assets” of any Plan consult with their counsel regarding the availability of exemptive relief.
The Securities are contractual financial instruments. The financial exposure provided by the Securities is not a substitute or proxy for, and is not intended as a substitute or proxy for, individualized investment management or advice for the benefit of any purchaser or holder of the Securities. The Securities have not been designed and will not be administered in a manner intended to reflect the individualized needs and objectives of any purchaser or holder of the Securities.
Each purchaser or holder of any Securities acknowledges and agrees that:
(i) the purchaser or holder or its fiduciary has made and shall make all investment decisions for the purchaser or holder and the purchaser or holder has not relied and shall not rely in any way upon us or our affiliates to act as a fiduciary or adviser of the purchaser or holder with respect to (A) the design and terms of the Securities, (B) the purchaser or holder’s investment in the Securities, or (C) the exercise of or failure to exercise any rights we have under or with respect to the Securities;
(ii) we and our affiliates have acted and will act solely for our own account in connection with (A) all transactions relating to the Securities and (B) all hedging transactions in connection with our obligations under the Securities;
(iii) any and all assets and positions relating to hedging transactions by us or our affiliates are assets and positions of those entities and are not assets and positions held for the benefit of the purchaser or holder;
(iv) our interests are adverse to the interests of the purchaser or holder; and
(v) neither we nor any of our affiliates is a fiduciary or adviser of the purchaser or holder in connection with any such assets, positions or transactions, and any information that we or any of our affiliates may provide is not intended to be impartial investment advice.
Each purchaser and holder of the Securities has exclusive responsibility for ensuring that its purchase, holding and disposition of the Securities do not violate the prohibited transaction rules of ERISA or the Code or any Similar Law. The sale of any Securities to any Plan or plan subject to Similar Law is in no respect a representation by us or any of our affiliates or representatives that such an investment meets all relevant legal requirements with respect to investments by plans generally or any particular plan, or that such an investment is appropriate for plans generally or any particular plan. In this regard, neither this discussion nor anything provided in this document is or is intended to be investment advice directed at any potential Plan purchaser or at Plan purchasers generally and such purchasers of these Securities should consult and rely on their own counsel and advisers as to whether an investment in these Securities is suitable.
However, individual retirement accounts, individual retirement annuities and Keogh plans, as well as employee benefit plans that permit participants to direct the investment of their accounts, will not be permitted to purchase or hold the Securities if the account, plan or annuity is for the benefit of an employee of Morgan Stanley or Morgan Stanley Wealth Management or a family member and the employee receives any compensation (such as, for example, an addition to bonus) based on the purchase of Securities by the account, plan or annuity.
Supplemental Plan of Distribution; Conflicts of Interest |
MS & Co. will act as the agent for this offering. We will agree to sell to MS & Co., and MS & Co. will agree to purchase, all of the Securities at the issue price less the underwriting discount indicated on the cover of this document. UBS Financial Services Inc., acting as dealer, will receive from MS & Co. a fixed sales commission of $0.20 for each Security it sells.
MS & Co. is our affiliate and a wholly owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley, and it and other affiliates of ours expect to make a profit by selling, structuring and, when applicable, hedging the Securities. When MS & Co. prices this offering of Securities, it will determine the economic terms of the Securities, including the level of the Maximum Gain, such that for each Security the estimated value on the Trade Date will be no lower than the minimum level described in “Additional Information about Morgan Stanley, MSFL and the Securities” on page 2.
MS & Co. will conduct this offering in compliance with the requirements of Rule 5121 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”), regarding a FINRA member firm’s distribution of the securities of an affiliate and related conflicts of interest. MS & Co. or any of our other affiliates may not make sales in this offering to any discretionary account.
In order to facilitate the offering of the Securities, the agent may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the Securities or of the Underlying Asset. Specifically, the agent may sell more Securities than it is obligated to purchase in connection with the offering, creating a naked short position in the Securities, for its own account. The agent must close out any naked short position by purchasing the Securities in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the agent is concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the Securities in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering. As an additional means of facilitating the offering, the agent may bid for, and purchase, the Securities or the Underlying Asset in the open market to
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stabilize the price of the Securities or of the Underlying Asset. Any of these activities may raise or maintain the market price of the Securities above independent market levels or prevent or retard a decline in the market price of the Securities. The agent is not required to engage in these activities, and may end any of these activities at any time. An affiliate of the agent has entered into a hedging transaction with us in connection with this offering of Securities. See “—Use of Proceeds and Hedging” above.
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