424B2

The information in this preliminary pricing supplement is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary pricing supplement is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

      
     Subject to Completion. Dated September 4, 2025.

     
     GS Finance Corp.
$
Autocallable Contingent Coupon Index-Linked Notes due 2030
guaranteed by
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.

Payment at Maturity: The amount that you will be paid on your notes at maturity, if they have not been automatically called, in addition to the final coupon, if any, is based on the performance of the underlier with the lowest underlier return. You could lose your entire investment in the notes.

Coupon Payments: The notes will pay a contingent monthly coupon on a coupon payment date if the closing level of each underlier is greater than or equal to its coupon trigger level on the related coupon observation date.

Automatic Call: The notes will be automatically called on a call payment date if the closing level of each underlier is greater than or equal to its initial underlier level on the related call observation date.

The terms included in the “Key Terms” table below are expected to be as indicated, but such terms will be set on the trade date. You should read the disclosure herein to better understand the terms and risks of your investment, including the credit risk of GS Finance Corp. and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. See page PS-9.


Key Terms
Company (Issuer) / Guarantor:	GS Finance Corp. / The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.
Aggregate face amount:	$
Cash settlement amount:	subject to the automatic call feature, on the stated maturity date, in addition to any coupon then due, the company will pay, for each $1,000 face amount of the notes, an amount in cash equal to:
	• if the final underlier level of each underlier is greater than or equal to its trigger buffer level: $1,000; or
	• if the final underlier level of any underlier is less than its trigger buffer level:
	$1,000 + ($1,000 × the lesser performing underlier return)
Underliers:	the Nasdaq-100 Index® (current Bloomberg symbol: “NDX Index”), the Russell 2000® Index (current Bloomberg symbol: “RTY Index”) and the S&P 500® Index (current Bloomberg symbol: “SPX Index”)
Coupon trigger level:	for each underlier, 70% of its initial underlier level
Trigger buffer level:	for each underlier, 60% of its initial underlier level
Initial underlier level:	with respect to an underlier, an intra-day level or the closing level of such underlier on the trade date
Final underlier level:	with respect to an underlier, the closing level of such underlier on the determination date*
Underlier return:	with respect to an underlier: (its final underlier level - its initial underlier level) ÷ its initial underlier level
Lesser performing underlier return:	the underlier return of the lesser performing underlier (the underlier with the lowest underlier return)
Calculation agent:	Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (“GS&Co.”)
CUSIP / ISIN:	40058Q3A5 / US40058Q3A51

* subject to adjustment as described in the accompanying general terms supplement


Our estimated value of the notes on trade date / Additional amount / Additional amount end date:	$885 to $925 per $1,000 face amount, which is less than the original issue price. The additional amount is $ and the additional amount end date is . See “The Estimated Value of Your Notes At the Time the Terms of Your Notes Are Set On the Trade Date Is Less Than the Original Issue Price Of Your Notes.”


Original issue price	Underwriting discount	Net proceeds to the issuer
100% of the face amount	% of the face amount1	% of the face amount

1 See “Supplemental Plan of Distribution; Conflicts of Interest” for additional information regarding the fees comprising the underwriting discount.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The notes are not bank deposits and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.

     Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

    

Pricing Supplement No. dated , 2025.


Key Terms (continued)
Coupon:	subject to the automatic call feature, on each coupon payment date, the company will pay, for each $1,000 of the outstanding face amount, an amount in cash equal to: • if the closing level of each underlier on the related coupon observation date is greater than or equal to its coupon trigger level: $8.334 (0.8334% monthly, or the potential for up to approximately 10.00% per annum); or • if the closing level of any underlier on the related coupon observation date is less than its coupon trigger level: $0
Automatic call feature:	The notes will be automatically called if the closing level of each underlier is greater than or equal to its initial underlier level on any call observation date. In that case, the company will pay, for each $1,000 of the outstanding face amount, an amount in cash on the following call payment date equal to $1,000 (along with the coupon then due).
Trade date:	September 5, 2025
Original issue date:	September 10, 2025
Determination date:	the last coupon observation date, September 5, 2030*
Stated maturity date:	September 10, 2030*


Call observation dates:	each coupon observation date commencing in March 2026 and ending in August 2030
Call payment dates:	the coupon payment date immediately after the applicable call observation date


Coupon observation dates*	Coupon payment dates*
October 6, 2025	October 9, 2025
November 5, 2025	November 10, 2025
December 5, 2025	December 10, 2025
January 5, 2026	January 8, 2026
February 5, 2026	February 10, 2026
March 5, 2026	March 10, 2026
April 6, 2026	April 9, 2026
May 5, 2026	May 8, 2026
June 5, 2026	June 10, 2026
July 6, 2026	July 9, 2026
August 5, 2026	August 10, 2026
September 8, 2026	September 11, 2026
October 5, 2026	October 8, 2026
November 5, 2026	November 10, 2026
December 7, 2026	December 10, 2026
January 5, 2027	January 8, 2027
February 5, 2027	February 10, 2027
March 5, 2027	March 10, 2027
April 5, 2027	April 8, 2027
May 5, 2027	May 10, 2027
June 7, 2027	June 10, 2027
July 6, 2027	July 9, 2027
August 5, 2027	August 10, 2027
September 7, 2027	September 10, 2027
October 5, 2027	October 8, 2027
November 5, 2027	November 10, 2027
December 6, 2027	December 9, 2027
January 5, 2028	January 10, 2028
February 7, 2028	February 10, 2028
March 6, 2028	March 9, 2028
April 5, 2028	April 10, 2028
May 5, 2028	May 10, 2028
June 5, 2028	June 8, 2028
July 5, 2028	July 10, 2028
August 7, 2028	August 10, 2028
September 5, 2028	September 8, 2028
October 5, 2028	October 11, 2028
November 6, 2028	November 9, 2028
December 5, 2028	December 8, 2028
January 5, 2029	January 10, 2029
February 5, 2029	February 8, 2029
March 5, 2029	March 8, 2029
April 5, 2029	April 10, 2029
May 7, 2029	May 10, 2029
June 5, 2029	June 8, 2029
July 5, 2029	July 10, 2029
August 6, 2029	August 9, 2029
September 5, 2029	September 10, 2029
October 5, 2029	October 11, 2029
November 5, 2029	November 8, 2029


December 5, 2029	December 10, 2029
January 7, 2030	January 10, 2030
February 5, 2030	February 8, 2030
March 5, 2030	March 8, 2030
April 5, 2030	April 10, 2030
May 6, 2030	May 9, 2030
June 5, 2030	June 10, 2030
July 5, 2030	July 10, 2030
August 5, 2030	August 8, 2030
September 5, 2030	September 10, 2030

* subject to adjustment as described in the accompanying general terms supplement

     The issue price, underwriting discount and net proceeds listed above relate to the notes we sell initially. We may decide to sell additional notes after the date of this pricing supplement, at issue prices and with underwriting discounts and net proceeds that differ from the amounts set forth above. The return (whether positive or negative) on your investment in notes will depend in part on the issue price you pay for such notes.

    

     GS Finance Corp. may use this prospectus in the initial sale of the notes. In addition, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC or any other affiliate of GS Finance Corp. may use this prospectus in a market-making transaction in a note after its initial sale. Unless GS Finance Corp. or its agent informs the purchaser otherwise in the confirmation of sale, this prospectus is being used in a market-making transaction.

    

     About Your Prospectus

    

     The notes are part of the Medium-Term Notes, Series F program of GS Finance Corp. and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. This prospectus includes this pricing supplement and the accompanying documents listed below. This pricing supplement constitutes a supplement to the documents listed below, does not set forth all of the terms of your notes and therefore should be read in conjunction with such documents:

    

     •General terms supplement no. 17,741 dated February 14, 2025

    

     •Underlier supplement no. 45 dated June 23, 2025

    

     •Prospectus supplement dated February 14, 2025

    

     •Prospectus dated February 14, 2025

    

     The information in this pricing supplement supersedes any conflicting information in the documents listed above. In addition, some of the terms or features described in the listed documents may not apply to your notes. 

    

     We have not authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in or incorporated by reference in this pricing supplement and the accompanying documents listed above. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may provide. This pricing supplement and the accompanying documents listed above are an offer to sell only the notes offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this pricing supplement and the accompanying documents listed above is current only as of the respective dates of such documents. 

    

     We refer to the notes we are offering by this pricing supplement as the “offered notes” or the “notes”. Each of the offered notes has the terms described below. Please note that in this pricing supplement, references to “GS Finance Corp.”, “we”, “our” and “us” mean only GS Finance Corp. and do not include its subsidiaries or affiliates, references to “The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.”, our parent company, mean only The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and do not include its subsidiaries or affiliates and references to “Goldman Sachs” mean The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. together with its consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates, including us. The notes will be issued under the senior debt indenture, dated as of October 10, 2008, as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 20, 2015, each among us, as issuer, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. This indenture, as so supplemented and as further supplemented thereafter, is referred to as the “GSFC 2008 indenture” in the accompanying prospectus supplement. 

    

     The notes will be issued in book-entry form and represented by master note no. 3, dated March 22, 2021.

    

     HYPOTHETICAL EXAMPLES

    

     The following examples are provided for purposes of illustration only. The examples should not be taken as an indication or prediction of future investment results and merely are intended to illustrate (i) the impact that the various hypothetical closing levels of the underliers on a coupon observation date could have on the coupon payable, if any, on the related coupon payment date and (ii) the impact that the various hypothetical closing levels of the lesser performing underlier on the determination date could have on the cash settlement amount at maturity assuming all other variables remain constant and are not intended to predict the closing levels of the underliers.

    

     The information in the following examples reflects hypothetical rates of return on the offered notes assuming that they are purchased on the original issue date at the face amount and held to a call payment date or the stated maturity date. If you sell your notes in a secondary market prior to a call payment date or the stated maturity date, as the case may be, your return will depend upon the market value of your notes at the time of sale, which may be affected by a number of factors that are not reflected in the examples below, such as interest rates, the volatility of the underliers, the creditworthiness of GS Finance Corp., as issuer, and the creditworthiness of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor. The information in the examples also reflects the key terms and assumptions in the box below.

    


Key Terms and Assumptions
Face amount	$1,000
Coupon	$8.334 (0.8334% monthly, or the potential for up to approximately 10% per annum)
Coupon trigger level	with respect to each underlier, 70% of its initial underlier level
Trigger buffer level	with respect to each underlier, 60% of its initial underlier level

     The notes are not automatically called, unless otherwise indicated below

    

     Neither a market disruption event nor a non-trading day occurs on any originally scheduled coupon observation date or call observation date or the originally scheduled determination date

    

     No change in or affecting any of the underlier stocks or the method by which the applicable underlier sponsor calculates any underlier

    

     Notes purchased on original issue date at the face amount and held to a call payment date or the stated maturity date

    

     For these reasons, the actual performance of the underliers over the life of your notes, the actual underlier levels on any call observation date or coupon observation date, as well as the coupon payable, if any, on each coupon payment date, may bear little relation to the hypothetical examples shown below or to the historical underlier levels shown elsewhere in this pricing supplement.

    

     Also, the hypothetical examples shown below do not take into account the effects of applicable taxes.

    

     Hypothetical Coupon Payments

    

     The examples below show the hypothetical coupon, if any, that we would pay on each coupon payment date with respect to each $1,000 face amount of the notes if the hypothetical closing level of each underlier on the applicable coupon observation date was the percentage of its initial underlier level shown.

    

Scenario 1


Coupon Observation Date	Hypothetical Closing Level of the Nasdaq-100 Index® (as Percentage of Initial Underlier Level)	Hypothetical Closing Level of the Russell 2000® Index (as Percentage of Initial Underlier Level)	Hypothetical Closing Level of the S&P 500® Index (as Percentage of Initial Underlier Level)	Hypothetical Coupon
1	120.000%	65.000%	60.000%	$0.000
2	60.000%	120.000%	125.000%	$0.000
3	75.000%	80.000%	77.000%	$8.334
4	60.000%	50.000%	60.000%	$0.000
5	60.000%	58.000%	20.000%	$0.000
6	80.000%	45.000%	85.000%	$0.000
7	90.000%	72.000%	99.000%	$8.334
8	99.000%	95.000%	40.000%	$0.000
9	90.000%	59.000%	45.000%	$0.000
10	80.000%	55.000%	60.000%	$0.000
11	99.000%	40.000%	45.000%	$0.000
12 - 60	60.000%	60.000%	58.000%	$0.000
			Total Hypothetical Coupons	$16.668

     In Scenario 1, the hypothetical closing level of each underlier has increased or decreased relative to the initial underlier level on each hypothetical coupon observation date. On the coupon payment dates relating to coupon observation dates on which the hypothetical closing level of each underlier is greater than or equal to its coupon trigger level, you will receive a coupon payment. However, on the coupon payment dates relating to coupon observation dates on which the hypothetical closing level of at least one underlier is less than its coupon trigger level, you will not receive a coupon payment.

    

Scenario 2


Coupon Observation Date	Hypothetical Closing Level of the Nasdaq-100 Index® (as Percentage of Initial Underlier Level)	Hypothetical Closing Level of the Russell 2000® Index (as Percentage of Initial Underlier Level)	Hypothetical Closing Level of the S&P 500® Index (as Percentage of Initial Underlier Level)	Hypothetical Coupon
1	120.000%	50.000%	55.000%	$0.000
2	80.000%	55.000%	115.000%	$0.000
3	80.000%	60.000%	72.000%	$0.000
4	80.000%	125.000%	60.000%	$0.000
5	80.000%	60.000%	60.000%	$0.000
6	80.000%	60.000%	55.000%	$0.000
7	90.000%	50.000%	95.000%	$0.000
8	99.000%	40.000%	73.000%	$0.000
9	90.000%	50.000%	45.000%	$0.000
10	80.000%	60.000%	65.000%	$0.000
11	99.000%	45.000%	40.000%	$0.000
12 - 60	60.000%	55.000%	60.000%	$0.000
			Total Hypothetical Coupons	$0.000

     In Scenario 2, the hypothetical closing level of each underlier has increased or decreased relative to the initial underlier level on each hypothetical coupon observation date. However, you will not receive a coupon payment on any coupon payment date because in each case the hypothetical closing level of at least one underlier on the related coupon observation date is less than its coupon trigger level. The overall return you earn on your notes will be zero or less.

    

Scenario 3


Coupon Observation Date	Hypothetical Closing Level of the Nasdaq-100 Index® (as Percentage of Initial Underlier Level)	Hypothetical Closing Level of the Russell 2000® Index (as Percentage of Initial Underlier Level)	Hypothetical Closing Level of the S&P 500® Index (as Percentage of Initial Underlier Level)	Hypothetical Coupon
1	60.000%	60.000%	60.000%	$0.000
2	60.000%	50.000%	50.000%	$0.000
3	60.000%	55.000%	55.000%	$0.000
4	60.000%	40.000%	40.000%	$0.000
5	60.000%	50.000%	50.000%	$0.000
6	110.000%	105.000%	108.000%	$8.334
			Total Hypothetical Coupons	$8.334

     In Scenario 3, the hypothetical closing level of each underlier is less than its coupon trigger level on the first five hypothetical coupon observation dates, but increases to a level that is greater than its initial underlier level on the sixth hypothetical coupon observation date. Because the hypothetical closing level of each underlier is greater than or equal to its initial underlier level on the sixth hypothetical coupon observation date (which is also the first hypothetical call observation date), your notes will be automatically called. Therefore, on the corresponding hypothetical call payment date, in addition to the coupon payment, you will receive an amount in cash equal to $1,000 for each $1,000 face amount of your notes.

    

     Hypothetical Payment at Maturity

    

     If the notes are not automatically called on any call observation date, the cash settlement amount that we would deliver for each $1,000 face amount of your notes on the stated maturity date will depend on the performance of the lesser performing underlier on the determination date, as shown in the table below. The table below assumes that the notes have not been automatically called on a call observation date and does not include the final coupon, if any. If the final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier is less than its coupon trigger level, you will not be paid a final coupon at maturity.

    

     The levels in the left column of the table below represent hypothetical final underlier levels of the lesser performing underlier and are expressed as percentages of the initial underlier level of the lesser performing underlier. The amounts in the right column represent the hypothetical cash settlement amounts, based on the corresponding hypothetical final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier, and are expressed as percentages of the face amount of a note (rounded to the nearest one-thousandth of a percent). Thus, a hypothetical cash settlement amount of 100.000% means that the value of the cash payment that we would deliver for each $1,000 of the outstanding face amount of the offered notes on the stated maturity date would equal 100.000% of the face amount of a note, based on the corresponding hypothetical final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier and the assumptions noted above.

    


Hypothetical Final Underlier Level of the Lesser Performing Underlier (as Percentage of Its Initial Underlier Level)	Hypothetical Cash Settlement Amount (as Percentage of Face Amount)
200.000%	100.000%*
167.000%	100.000%*
133.000%	100.000%*
100.000%	100.000%*
85.000%	100.000%*
70.000%	100.000%*
65.000%	100.000%
60.000%	100.000%
59.999%	59.999%
45.000%	45.000%
30.000%	30.000%
15.000%	15.000%
0.000%	0.000%

*Does not include the final coupon

     As shown in the table above, if the notes have not been automatically called on a call observation date:

    

     •If the final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier were determined to be 15.000% of its initial underlier level, the cash settlement amount that we would deliver on your notes at maturity would be 15.000% of the face amount of your notes.

    

     ○As a result, if you purchased your notes on the original issue date at the face amount and held them to the stated maturity date, you would lose 85.000% of your investment (if you purchased your notes at a premium to face amount you would lose a correspondingly higher percentage of your investment).

    

     •If the final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier were determined to be 200.000% of its initial underlier level, the cash settlement amount that we would deliver on your notes at maturity would be limited to 100.000% of each $1,000 face amount of your notes.

    

     ○As a result, if you held your notes to the stated maturity date, you would not benefit from any increase in the final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier over its initial underlier level.

    

SELECTED RISK FACTORS

     An investment in your notes is subject to the risks summarized below. These risks, as well as other risks and considerations, are explained in more detail in the accompanying documents listed above under “About Your Prospectus”. You should carefully review these risks and considerations as well as the terms of the notes described herein and in such accompanying documents. Your notes are a riskier investment than ordinary debt securities. Also, your notes are not equivalent to investing directly in the underlier stocks (i.e., with respect to an underlier to which your notes are linked, the stocks comprising such underlier). You should carefully consider whether the offered notes are appropriate given your particular circumstances.

    

     Risks Related to Structure, Valuation and Secondary Market Sales

    

     The Estimated Value of Your Notes At the Time the Terms of Your Notes Are Set On the Trade Date (as Determined By Reference to Pricing Models Used By GS&Co.) Is Less Than the Original Issue Price Of Your Notes

    

     The original issue price for your notes exceeds the estimated value of your notes as of the time the terms of your notes are set on the trade date, as determined by reference to GS&Co.’s pricing models and taking into account our credit spreads. After the trade date, the estimated value as determined by reference to these models will be affected by changes in market conditions, the creditworthiness of GS Finance Corp., as issuer, the creditworthiness of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor, and other relevant factors. The price at which GS&Co. would initially buy or sell your notes (if GS&Co. makes a market, which it is not obligated to do), and the value that GS&Co. will initially use for account statements and otherwise, also exceeds the estimated value of your notes as determined by reference to these models. As agreed by GS&Co. and the distribution participants, this excess (i.e., the additional amount set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement) will decline to zero on a straight line basis over the period from the date hereof through the additional amount end date set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement. Thereafter, if GS&Co. buys or sells your notes it will do so at prices that reflect the estimated value determined by reference to such pricing models at that time. The price at which GS&Co. will buy or sell your notes at any time also will reflect its then current bid and ask spread for similar sized trades of structured notes.

    

     In estimating the value of your notes as of the time the terms of your notes are set on the trade date, GS&Co.’s pricing models consider certain variables, including principally our credit spreads, interest rates (forecasted, current and historical rates), volatility, price-sensitivity analysis and the time to maturity of the notes. These pricing models are proprietary and rely in part on certain assumptions about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. As a result, the actual value you would receive if you sold your notes in the secondary market, if any, to others may differ, perhaps materially, from the estimated value of your notes determined by reference to our models due to, among other things, any differences in pricing models or assumptions used by others. See “The Market Value of Your Notes May Be Influenced by Many Unpredictable Factors” below.

    

     The difference between the estimated value of your notes as of the time the terms of your notes are set on the trade date and the original issue price is a result of certain factors, including principally the underwriting discount and commissions, the expenses incurred in creating, documenting and marketing the notes, and an estimate of the difference between the amounts we pay to GS&Co. and the amounts GS&Co. pays to us in connection with your notes. We pay to GS&Co. amounts based on what we would pay to holders of a non-structured note with a similar maturity. In return for such payment, GS&Co. pays to us the amounts we owe under your notes.

    

     In addition to the factors discussed above, the value and quoted price of your notes at any time will reflect many factors and cannot be predicted. If GS&Co. makes a market in the notes, the price quoted by GS&Co. would reflect any changes in market conditions and other relevant factors, including any deterioration in our creditworthiness or perceived creditworthiness or the creditworthiness or perceived creditworthiness of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. These changes may adversely affect the value of your notes, including the price you may receive for your notes in any market making transaction. To the extent that GS&Co. makes a market in the notes, the quoted price will reflect the estimated value determined by reference to GS&Co.’s pricing models at that time, plus or minus its then current bid and ask spread for similar sized trades of structured notes (and subject to the declining excess amount described above).

    

     Furthermore, if you sell your notes, you will likely be charged a commission for secondary market transactions, or the price will likely reflect a dealer discount. This commission or discount will further reduce the proceeds you would receive for your notes in a secondary market sale.

    

     There is no assurance that GS&Co. or any other party will be willing to purchase your notes at any price and, in this regard, GS&Co. is not obligated to make a market in the notes. See “Additional Risk Factors Specific to the Notes — Your Notes May Not Have an Active Trading Market” in the accompanying general terms supplement.

    

     The Notes Are Subject to the Credit Risk of the Issuer and the Guarantor

    

     Investors are dependent on our ability and the ability of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor of the notes, to pay all amounts due on the notes. Therefore, investors are subject to the credit risk, and to changes in the market’s view of the creditworthiness, of the issuer and the guarantor. See “Description of the Notes We May Offer — Information About Our Medium-Term Notes, Series F Program — How the Notes Rank Against Other Debt” in the accompanying prospectus supplement and “Description of Debt Securities We May Offer — Guarantee by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.” in the accompanying prospectus.

    

     You May Lose Your Entire Investment

    

     Assuming your notes are not automatically called, if the final underlier level of any underlier is less than its trigger buffer level, you will have a loss for each $1,000 of the face amount of your notes equal to the product of the lesser performing underlier return times $1,000. Thus, you may lose your entire investment in the notes, which would include any premium to face amount you paid when you purchased the notes.

    

     Also, the market price of your notes prior to a call payment date or the stated maturity date, as the case may be, may be significantly lower than the purchase price you pay for your notes. Consequently, if you sell your notes before the stated maturity date, you may receive far less than the amount of your investment in the notes.

    

     The Return on Your Notes May Change Significantly Despite Only a Small Change in the Level of the Lesser Performing Underlier

    

     While a decrease in the final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier to its trigger buffer level will not result in a loss of principal on the notes, a decrease in the final underlier level of the lesser performing underlier to less than its trigger buffer level will result in a loss of a significant portion of the face amount of the notes despite only a small change in the level of the lesser performing underlier.

    

     You May Not Receive a Coupon on Any Coupon Payment Date

    

     If the closing level of any underlier on the related coupon observation date is less than its coupon trigger level, you will not receive a coupon payment on the applicable coupon payment date. If this occurs on every coupon observation date, the overall return you earn on your notes will be zero or less and will be less than you would have earned by investing in a note that bears interest at the prevailing market rate.

    

     You should be aware that, with respect to any prior coupon observation dates that did not result in the payment of a coupon, you will not be compensated for any opportunity cost implied by inflation and other factors relating to the time value of money.

    

     Your Notes Are Subject to Automatic Redemption

    

     We will automatically call and redeem all, but not part, of your notes on a call payment date if, as measured on any call observation date, the closing level of each underlier is greater than or equal to its initial underlier level. Therefore, the term for your notes may be significantly reduced. You may not be able to reinvest the proceeds from an investment in the notes at a comparable return for a similar level of risk in the event the notes are automatically called prior to maturity. For the avoidance of doubt, if your notes are automatically called, no discounts, commissions or fees described herein will be rebated or reduced.

    

     The Coupon Does Not Reflect the Actual Performance of the Underliers from the Trade Date to Any Coupon Observation Date or from Coupon Observation Date to Coupon Observation Date

    

     The coupon for each coupon payment date is different from, and may be less than, a coupon determined based on the percentage difference of the closing levels of the underliers between the trade date and any coupon observation date or between two coupon observation dates.

    

     The Cash Settlement Amount Will Be Based Solely on the Lesser Performing Underlier

    

     If the notes are not automatically called, the cash settlement amount will be based on the lesser performing underlier without regard to the performance of any other underlier, even if there is an increase in the level of any other underlier.

    

     You Have No Shareholder Rights or Rights to Receive Any Underlier Stock

    

     Investing in your notes will not make you a holder of any of the underlier stocks. Neither you nor any other holder or owner of your notes will have any rights with respect to the underlier stocks, including any voting rights, any rights to receive dividends or other distributions, any rights to make a claim against the underlier stocks or any other rights of a holder of the underlier stocks. Payments on your notes will be made in cash and you will have no right to receive delivery of any underlier stocks.

    

     The Market Value of Your Notes May Be Influenced by Many Unpredictable Factors

    

     When we refer to the market value of your notes, we mean the value that you could receive for your notes if you chose to sell them in the open market before the stated maturity date. A number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, will influence the market value of your notes, including:

    

     •the levels of the underliers;

    

     •the volatility — i.e., the frequency and magnitude of changes — in the closing levels of the underliers;

    

     •the dividend rates of the underlier stocks;

    

     •economic, financial, regulatory, political, military, public health and other events that affect stock markets generally and the underlier stocks, and which may affect the closing levels of the underliers;

    

     •interest rates and yield rates in the market;

    

     •the time remaining until your notes mature; and

    

     •our creditworthiness and the creditworthiness of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., whether actual or perceived, and including actual or anticipated upgrades or downgrades in our credit ratings or the credit ratings of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. or changes in other credit measures.

    

     Without limiting the foregoing, the market value of your notes may be negatively impacted by increasing interest rates. Such adverse impact of increasing interest rates could be significantly enhanced in notes with longer-dated maturities, the market values of which are generally more sensitive to increasing interest rates.

    

     These factors may influence the market value of your notes if you sell your notes before maturity, including the price you may receive for your notes in any market making transaction. If you sell your notes prior to maturity, you may receive less than the face amount of your notes. You cannot predict the future performance of the underliers based on their historical performance.

    

     Additional Risks Related to the Nasdaq-100 Index®

    

     As Compared to Other Index Sponsors, Nasdaq, Inc. Retains Significant Control and Discretionary Decision-Making Over the Nasdaq-100 Index®, Which May Have an Adverse Effect on the Level of the Nasdaq-100 Index® and on Your Notes

    

     Pursuant to the Nasdaq-100 Index® methodology, Nasdaq, Inc. retains the right, from time to time, to exercise reasonable discretion as it deems appropriate in order to ensure Nasdaq-100 Index® integrity, including, but not limited to, changes to quantitative inclusion criteria. Nasdaq, Inc. may also, due to special circumstances, apply discretionary adjustments to ensure and maintain quality of the Nasdaq-100 Index®. Although it is unclear how and to what extent this discretion could or would be exercised, it is possible that it could be exercised by Nasdaq, Inc. in a manner that materially and adversely affects the level of the Nasdaq-100 Index® and therefore your notes. Nasdaq, Inc. is not obligated to, and will not, take account of your interests in exercising the discretion described above.

    

     An Investment in the Offered Notes Is Subject to Risks Associated with Foreign Securities Markets

    

     The value of your notes is linked to one or more underliers that are comprised of stocks from one or more foreign securities markets. Investments linked to the value of foreign equity securities involve particular risks, including with respect to liquidity and volatility. Both government intervention in a foreign securities market, either directly or indirectly, and cross-shareholdings in foreign companies, may affect trading prices and volumes in that market. Also, there is generally less publicly available information about foreign companies than about those U.S. companies that are subject to the reporting requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Further, foreign companies are subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements that differ from those applicable to U.S. reporting companies.

    

     The prices of securities in a foreign country are subject to political, economic, financial and social factors that are unique to such foreign country's geographical region. Further, geographical regions may react to global factors in different ways, which may cause the prices of securities in a foreign securities market to fluctuate in a way that differs from those of securities in the U.S. securities market or other foreign securities markets.

    

     Risks Related to Tax

    

     The Tax Consequences of an Investment in Your Notes Are Uncertain

    

     The tax consequences of an investment in your notes are uncertain, both as to the timing and character of any inclusion of income in respect of your notes.

    

     Except to the extent otherwise provided by law, GS Finance Corp. intends to continue treating the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes in accordance with the treatment described under “Supplemental Discussion of U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” below unless and until such time as Congress, the Treasury Department or the Internal Revenue Service determine that some other treatment is more appropriate. Please also consult your tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal income tax and any other applicable tax consequences to you of owning your notes in your particular circumstances.

    

THE UNDERLIERS

     Nasdaq-100 Index®

    

     The Nasdaq-100 Index® is a modified market capitalization-weighted index that is designed to measure the performance of 100 of the largest Nasdaq listed non-financial stocks.

    

     For more details about the Nasdaq-100 Index®, the underlier sponsor and license agreement between the underlier sponsor and the issuer, see “The Underliers — Nasdaq-100 Index®” in the accompanying underlier supplement.

    

     The Product(s) is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by Nasdaq, Inc. or its affiliates (Nasdaq, with its affiliates, are referred to as the “Corporations”). The Corporations have not passed on the legality or suitability of, or the accuracy or adequacy of descriptions and disclosures relating to, the Product(s). The Corporations make no representation or warranty, express or implied to the owners of the Product(s) or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Product(s) particularly, or the ability of the Nasdaq-100 Index® to track general stock market performance. The Corporations' only relationship to GS Finance Corp. (“Licensee”) is in the licensing of the Nasdaq®, Nasdaq-100 Index®, and certain trade names of the Corporations and the use of the Nasdaq-100 Index® which is determined, composed and calculated by Nasdaq without regard to Licensee or the Product(s). Nasdaq has no obligation to take the needs of the Licensee or the owners of the Product(s) into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the Nasdaq-100 Index®. The Corporations are not responsible for and have not participated in the determination of the timing of, prices at, or quantities of the Product(s) to be issued or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the Product(s) is to be converted into cash. The Corporations have no liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the Product(s).

    

     The Corporations do not guarantee the accuracy and/or uninterrupted calculation of Nasdaq-100 Index® or any data included therein. The Corporations make no warranty, express or implied, as to results to be obtained by Licensee, owners of the product(s), or any other person or entity from the use of the Nasdaq-100 Index® or any data included therein. The Corporations make no express or implied warranties, and expressly disclaim all warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or use with respect to the Nasdaq-100 Index® or any data included therein. Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Corporations have any liability for any lost profits or special, incidental, punitive, indirect, or consequential damages, even if notified of the possibility of such damages.

    

     Russell 2000® Index

    

     The Russell 2000® Index measures the composite price performance of stocks of 2,000 companies incorporated in the U.S., its territories and certain “benefit-driven incorporation countries.” The Russell 2000® Index is designed to track the performance of the small capitalization segment of the U.S. equity market.

    

     For more details about the Russell 2000® Index, the underlier sponsor and license agreement between the underlier sponsor and the issuer, see “The Underliers — Russell 2000® Index” in the accompanying underlier supplement.

    

     The Russell 2000® Index is a trademark of FTSE Russell (“Russell”) and has been licensed for use by GS Finance Corp. The notes are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by Russell, and Russell makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in the notes.

    

     S&P 500® Index

    

     The S&P 500® Index includes a representative sample of 500 companies in leading industries of the U.S. economy and is intended to provide a performance benchmark for the large-cap U.S. equity markets.

    

     For more details about the S&P 500® Index, the underlier sponsor and license agreement between the underlier sponsor and the issuer, see “The Underliers — S&P 500® Index” in the accompanying underlier supplement.

    

     The S&P 500® Index is a product of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, and has been licensed for use by GS Finance Corp. (“Goldman”). Standard & Poor’s® and S&P® are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC; Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”) and these trademarks have been licensed for use by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC and sublicensed for certain purposes by Goldman. Goldman’s notes are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, Dow Jones, Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC or any of their respective affiliates and neither S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, Dow Jones, Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC or any of their respective affiliates make any representation regarding the advisability of investing in such notes.

    