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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-K, ASC 946, Financial Services - Investment Companies (“ASC 946”), and Articles 3, 6, and 12 of Regulation S-X. Under the 1940 Act, ASC 946, and the regulations pursuant to Article 6 of Regulation S-X, we are precluded from consolidating any entity other than another investment company or an operating company which provides substantially all of its services to benefit us. Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PFLOAT, the SPV and the Consolidated Holding Company. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Management Estimates and Assumptions. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of income, expenses, and gains and losses during the reported period. Changes in the economic environment, financial markets, creditworthiness of the issuers of our investment portfolio and any other parameters used in determining these estimates could cause actual results to differ, and these differences could be material.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash. All cash and restricted cash balances are maintained with high credit quality financial institutions. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash consist of demand deposits and highly liquid investments (e.g., U.S. treasury notes) with original maturities of three months or less. Cash held at financial institutions may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insured limit. The Company has not incurred any losses on these accounts, and the credit risk exposure is mitigated by the financial strength of the banking institutions where the amounts are held. The Company had restrictions prior to September 21, 2023 on the uses of the cash held by Prospect Flexible Funding, LLC based on the terms of the Credit Facility (as defined in Note 10). As a result, we have no restricted cash as of June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Cash equivalents are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. As of June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, cash equivalents were $14,988,042 and $9,988,444, respectively.
Investment Transactions. Investments are recognized when we assume an obligation to acquire a financial instrument and assume the risks for gains or losses related to that instrument. Specifically, we record all security transactions on a trade date basis. We determine the fair value of our investments on a quarterly basis (as discussed in Investment Valuation below), with quarter over quarter fluctuations in fair value reflected as a net change in unrealized gains (losses) from investments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Investments are derecognized when we assume an obligation to sell a financial instrument and forego the risks for gains or losses related to that instrument. Realized gains or losses on the sale of investments are calculated using the specific identification method. Amounts for investments and or cash equivalents traded but not yet settled are reported in payable for open trades or receivable for investments sold in the Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities. Amounts for principal repayments from our investments are reported in receivable for repayments of portfolio investments. As of June 30, 2025, we had one asset going through foreclosure. As of June 30, 2024, we did not have any assets going through foreclosure.
Investment Valuation. As a BDC, and in accordance with the 1940 Act, we fair value our investment portfolio on a quarterly basis, with any unrealized gains and losses reflected in net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. To value our investments, we follow the guidance of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement ("ASC 820"), that defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in conformity with GAAP, and requires disclosures about fair value measurements. In accordance with ASC 820, the fair value of our investments is defined as the price that we would receive upon selling an investment in an orderly transaction to an independent buyer in the principal or most advantageous market in which that investment is transacted.
ASC 820 classifies the inputs used to measure these fair values into the following hierarchy:
Level 1. Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, accessible by us at the measurement date.
Level 2. Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other observable inputs other than quoted prices.
Level 3. Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
In all cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to each investment.
Our Board of Directors has established procedures for the valuation of our investment portfolio. These procedures are detailed below.
Investments for which market quotations are readily available are valued at such market quotations.
For most of our investments, market quotations are not available. With respect to investments for which market quotations are not readily available or when such market quotations are deemed not to represent fair value, due to factors such as volume and frequency of price quotes, our Board of Directors has approved a multi-step valuation process each quarter, as described below.
1. Each portfolio company or investment is reviewed by our investment professionals with independent valuation firms engaged by our Board of Directors.
2. The independent valuation firms prepare independent valuations for each investment based on their own independent assessments and issue their report.
3. The Audit Committee of our Board of Directors reviews and discusses with the independent valuation firms the valuation reports, and then makes a recommendation to the Board of Directors of the value for each investment.
4. The Board of Directors discusses valuations and determines the fair value of each investment in our portfolio in good faith based on the input of the Adviser, the respective independent valuation firm and the Audit Committee.
For intra-quarter periods and pursuant to Rule 2a-5, the Board of Directors has designated the Adviser as the valuation designee (the "Valuation Designee") for the purpose of performing fair value determinations for investments for which market quotations are not readily available, or when such market quotations are deemed not to represent fair value. The Board of Directors has approved a multi-step valuation process for such intra-quarter investment valuations, as described below, and such investments are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
1.The Adviser will start with the most recent quarterly valuations determined pursuant to the process described above.
2.The Adviser will calculate the estimated earnings per share for each investment in order to adjust the valuation of that investment for income that is expected to be realized.
3.The Adviser will consider other factors that should be taken into account in order to adjust the valuations, including, market changes in expected returns for similar investments; performance improvement or deterioration which would change the margin added to the base interest rate charged; the nature and realizable value of any collateral; the issuer’s ability to make payments and its earnings and discounted cash flow; the markets in which the issuer does business; comparisons to publicly traded securities; and other relevant factors.
Our non-CLO investments that are classified as Level 3 are valued utilizing a yield technique, enterprise value ("EV") technique, net asset value technique, asset recovery technique, discounted cash flow technique, or a combination of techniques, as appropriate. The yield technique uses loan spreads for loans and other relevant information implied by market data involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. Under the EV technique, the EV of a portfolio company is first determined and allocated over the portfolio company’s securities in order of their preference relative to one another (i.e., "waterfall" allocation). To determine the EV, we typically use a market (multiples) valuation approach that considers relevant and applicable market trading data of guideline public companies, transaction metrics from precedent merger and acquisitions transactions, and/or a discounted cash flow technique. The net asset value technique, an income approach, is used to derive a value of an underlying investment by dividing a relevant earnings stream by an appropriate capitalization rate. For this purpose, we consider capitalization rates for similar properties as may be obtained from guideline public companies and/or relevant transactions. The asset recovery technique is intended to approximate the net recovery value of an investment based on, among other things, assumptions regarding liquidation proceeds based on a hypothetical liquidation of a portfolio company’s assets. The discounted cash flow technique converts future cash flows or earnings to a range of fair values from which a single estimate may be derived utilizing an appropriate discount rate. The fair value measurement is based on the net present value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts.
In applying these methodologies, additional factors that we consider in valuing our investments may include, as we deem relevant: security covenants, call protection provisions, and information rights; the nature and realizable value of any collateral; the portfolio company’s ability to make payments; the principal markets in which the portfolio company does business; publicly available financial ratios of peer companies; the principal market; and enterprise values, among other factors.
Our investments in CLOs are classified as Level 3 fair value measured securities under ASC 820 and are valued using a discounted multi-path cash flow model. The CLO structures are analyzed to identify the risk exposures and to determine an appropriate call date (i.e., expected maturity). These risk factors are sensitized in the multi-path cash flow model using Monte Carlo simulations, which is a simulation used to model the probability of different outcomes, to generate probability-weighted (i.e., multi-path) cash flows from the underlying assets and liabilities. These cash flows are discounted using appropriate market discount rates, and relevant data in the CLO market as well as certain benchmark credit indices are considered, to determine the value of each CLO investment. In addition, we generate a single-path cash flow utilizing our best estimate of expected cash receipts, and assess the reasonableness of the implied discount rate that would be effective for the value derived from the multi-path cash flows. We are not responsible for and have no influence over the asset management of the portfolios underlying the
CLO investments we hold, as those portfolios are managed by non-affiliated third-party CLO collateral managers. The main risk factors are default risk, prepayment risk, interest rate risk, downgrade risk, and credit spread risk.
Investment Risks
Our investments are subject to a variety of risks. Those risks include the following:
Market Risk
Market risk represents the potential loss that can be caused by a change in the fair value of the financial instrument.
Credit Risk
Credit risk represents the risk that we would incur if the counterparties failed to perform pursuant to the terms of their agreements with us.
Credit Spread Risk
Credit spread risk represents the risk that with higher interest rates comes a higher risk of defaults.
Default Risk
Default risk is the risk that a borrower will be unable to make the required payments on their debt obligation.
Downgrade Risk
Downgrade risk results when rating agencies lower their rating on a bond which are usually accompanied by bond price declines.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk represents the possibility that we may not be able to rapidly adjust the size of our investment positions in times of high volatility and financial stress at a reasonable price.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk represents a change in interest rates, which could result in an adverse change in the fair value of an interest-bearing financial instrument.
Prepayment Risk
Many of our debt investments allow for prepayment of principal without penalty. Downward changes in interest rates may cause prepayments to occur at a faster than expected rate, thereby effectively shortening the maturity of the security and making us less likely to fully earn all of the expected income of that security and reinvesting in a lower yielding instrument.
Other Risks
Political developments, including civil conflicts and war, sanctions or other measures by the United States or other governments, natural disasters, public health crises and other events outside the Company’s control can directly or indirectly have a material adverse impact on the Company and our portfolio companies.
Structured Credit Related Risk
CLO investments may be riskier and less transparent to us than direct investments in underlying companies. CLOs typically will have no significant assets other than their underlying senior secured loans. Therefore, payments on CLO investments are and will be payable solely from the cash flows from such senior secured loans.
Investment Classification. We are a non-diversified company within the meaning of the 1940 Act. As required by the 1940 Act, we classify our investments by level of control. As defined in the 1940 Act, "Control Investments" are those where there is the ability or power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company. Control is generally deemed to exist when a company or individual possesses or has the right to acquire within 60 days or less, a beneficial ownership of more than 25% of the voting securities of an investee company. Under the 1940 Act, "Affiliate Investments" are defined by a lesser degree of influence and are deemed to exist through the possession outright or via the right to acquire within 60 days or less, beneficial ownership of 5% or more of the outstanding voting securities of another person. "Non-Control/Non-Affiliate Investments" are those that are neither Control Investments nor Affiliate Investments.
As a BDC, we must not acquire any assets other than "qualifying assets" specified in the 1940 Act unless, at the time the acquisition is made, at least 70% of our total assets are qualifying assets (with certain limited exceptions). As of June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, our qualifying assets as a percentage of total assets stood at 96.04% and 94.23%, respectively.
Revenue Recognition. Interest income, adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount, is recorded on an accrual basis. Accretion of such purchase discounts or amortization of such premiums is calculated using the effective interest method as of the settlement date and adjusted only for material amendments or prepayments. Upon the prepayment of a loan or bond, any unamortized discount or premium is recorded as interest income. The Company records dividend income on the ex-dividend date. The Company does not accrue as a receivable interest or dividends on loans and securities if it has reason to doubt its ability to collect such income. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when there is reasonable doubt that principal or interest will be collected. Unpaid accrued interest is generally reversed when a loan is placed on non-accrual status. Interest payments received on non-accrual loans are either applied to the cost basis or interest income, depending upon management’s judgment of the collectability of the loan receivable. Non-accrual loans are restored to accrual status when past due principal and interest is paid and in management’s judgment, is likely to remain current and future principal and interest collections when due are probable. Interest received and applied against cost while a loan is on non-accrual, and payment-in-kind ("PIK") interest capitalized but not recognized while on non-accrual, is recognized prospectively on the effective yield basis through maturity of the loan when placed back on accrual status, to the extent deemed collectible by management. As of June 30, 2025, approximately 0.01% of our total assets at fair value were on non-accrual status. As of June 30, 2024, approximately 1.96% of our total assets at fair value were on non-accrual status. Upfront structuring fees are recorded as fee income when earned. The Company records prepayment premiums on loans and securities as fee income when it receives such amounts.                                    
Some of our loans and other investments may have contractual PIK interest or dividends. PIK income computed at the contractual rate is accrued into income and reflected as receivable up to the capitalization date. PIK investments offer issuers the option at each payment date of making payments in cash or in additional securities. When additional securities are received, they typically have the same terms, including maturity dates and interest rates as the original securities issued. On these payment dates, we capitalize the accrued interest (reflecting such amounts in the basis as additional securities received). PIK generally becomes due at maturity of the investment or upon the investment being called by the issuer. At the point that we believe PIK is not fully expected to be realized, the PIK investment will be placed on non-accrual status. When a PIK investment is placed on non-accrual status, the accrued, uncapitalized interest or dividends are reversed from the related receivable through interest or dividend income, respectively. We do not reverse previously capitalized PIK interest or dividends. Upon capitalization, PIK is subject to the fair value estimates associated with their related investments. PIK investments on non-accrual status are restored to accrual status if we believe that PIK is expected to be realized.
Interest income from investments in Structured Subordinated Notes (typically preferred shares, income notes or subordinated notes of CLO funds) is recorded based on an estimation of an effective yield to expected maturity utilizing assumed future cash flows in accordance with ASC 325-40, Beneficial Interest in the Securitized Financial Assets. The Company monitors the expected cash inflows from CLO equity investments, including the expected residual payments, and the estimated effective yield is determined and updated periodically.
The Company modified its accounting policy during the year ended June 30, 2024, with respect to the timing of when it recognizes realized losses for certain CLO equity investments for which the Company determines that a CLO’s expected remaining cash flows do not exceed amortized cost basis. In such situations, the amortized cost basis of the CLO is written down and recognized as a realized loss.
Due from and to Adviser. Amounts due from the Adviser are for amounts waived under the ELA, respectively (as such terms are defined in Note 4) and amounts due to the Adviser are for base management fees, incentive fees, operating expenses and offering and organization expenses paid on our behalf. All balances due from and to the Adviser are settled quarterly.
Payment-In-Kind Interest. The Company has certain investments in its portfolio that contain a PIK interest provision, which represents contractual interest or dividends that are added to the principal balance and recorded as income. For the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, PIK interest included in interest income totaled $498,497, $153,085 and $19,781, respectively. To maintain regulated investment company ("RIC") tax treatment, and to avoid corporate tax, substantially all of this income must be paid out to the stockholders in the form of distributions, even though the Company has not yet collected the cash.
Offering Costs and Expenses. The Company will incur certain costs and expenses in connection with offering shares of its common stock. These costs and expenses principally relate to certain costs and expenses for advertising and sales, printing and marketing costs, professional and filing fees. Offering costs incurred by the Company were capitalized to deferred offering costs on the Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities and will be amortized to expense over the 12 month period following the effectiveness of the registration to sell shares of its common stock on a straight line basis.
Allocation of Income, Expenses, Gains and Losses. Income, expenses (other than those attributable to a specific class), gains and losses are allocated to each class of shares based upon the relative proportion of net assets represented by such class. Operating expenses directly attributable to a specific class are charged against the operations of that class.
Dividends and Distributions. Dividends and distributions to common stockholders are recorded on the record date. The amount, if any, to be paid as a monthly dividend or distribution is approved by our Board of Directors quarterly and generally depends on our earnings, financial condition, maintenance of our tax treatment as a RIC, compliance with applicable BDC
regulations and such other factors as our Board of Directors deems relevant from time to time. Net realized capital gains, if any, are distributed at least annually. Our distributions may exceed our earnings, and therefore, portions of the distributions that we make may be a return of the money originally invested and represent a return of capital distribution to shareholders for tax purposes.
Financing Costs. We record origination expenses related to our Credit Facility and Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility (both as defined herein) as deferred financing costs. These expenses are deferred and amortized as part of interest expense using the straight-line method over the stated life of the obligation of our Credit Facility and Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility. (See Note 10 for further discussion.)
Per Share Information. Net increase or decrease in net assets resulting from operations per share is calculated using the weighted average number of common stock outstanding for the period presented. (See Note 11 for further discussion.)
Net Realized and Net Change in Unrealized Gains or Losses. Gains or losses on the sale of investments are calculated by using the specific identification method. The Company measures realized gains or losses by the difference between the net proceeds from the repayment or sale and the amortized cost basis of the investment, without regard to unrealized appreciation or depreciation previously recognized, but considering unamortized upfront fees. Net change in unrealized gains or losses reflects the change in portfolio investment values during the reporting period, including any reversal of previously recorded unrealized gains or losses when gains or losses are realized.
Federal and State Income Taxes. The Company has elected to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), and intends to continue to comply with the requirements of the Code applicable to RICs. As a RIC, the Company is required to distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income and intends to distribute (or retain through a deemed distribution) all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain to stockholders; therefore, the Company has made no provision for income taxes. The character of income and gains that the Company will distribute is determined in accordance with income tax regulations that may differ from GAAP. Book and tax basis differences relating to stockholder dividends and distributions and other permanent book and tax differences are reclassified to paid-in capital.
If the Company does not distribute (or is not deemed to have distributed) at least 98% of its annual ordinary income and 98.2% of its net capital gains in the calendar year earned, it will generally be required to pay an excise tax equal to 4% of the amount by which 98% of its annual ordinary income and 98.2% of its capital gains exceeds the distributions from such taxable income for the year. To the extent that the Company determines that its estimated current year annual taxable income will be in excess of estimated current year dividend distributions from such taxable income, it accrues excise taxes, if any, on estimated excess taxable income. As of June 30, 2025, the Company expects to have no excise tax due for the 2024 calendar year. As of June 30, 2025, the Company has accrued $0 of excise tax for this period.
If the Company fails to satisfy the annual distribution requirement or otherwise fails to qualify as a RIC in any taxable year, it would be subject to tax on all of its taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates. The Company would not be able to deduct distributions to stockholders, nor would it be required to make distributions. Distributions would generally be taxable to the Company’s individual and other non-corporate taxable stockholders as ordinary dividend income eligible for the reduced maximum rate applicable to qualified dividend income to the extent of its current and accumulated earnings and profits, provided certain holding period and other requirements are met. Subject to certain limitations under the Code, corporate distributions would be eligible for the dividends-received deduction. To qualify again to be taxed as a RIC in a subsequent year, the Company would be required to distribute to its shareholders its accumulated earnings and profits attributable to non-RIC years. In addition, if the Company failed to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, then, in order to qualify as a RIC in a subsequent year, it would be required to elect to recognize and pay tax on any net built-in gain (the excess of aggregate gain, including items of income, over aggregate loss that would have been realized if we had been liquidated) or, alternatively, be subject to taxation on such built-in gain recognized for a period of five years.
The Company follows ASC 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"). ASC 740 provides guidance for how uncertain tax positions should be recognized, measured, presented, and disclosed in the consolidated financial statements. ASC 740 requires the evaluation of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing our tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are "more-likely-than-not" of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold are recorded as a tax benefit or expense in the current year. As of June 30, 2025, the Company did not record any unrecognized tax benefits or liabilities. Management’s determinations regarding ASC 740 may be subject to review and adjustment at a later date based upon factors including, but not limited to, an on-going analysis of tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof. Although the Company files both federal and state income tax returns, its major tax jurisdiction is federal. The Company’s federal tax returns for the tax years ended December 31, 2021 and thereafter remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.
Taxable Subsidiaries. Certain of our consolidated subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal and state corporate-level income taxes. As of June 30, 2025, and June 30, 2024, no net tax benefit or expense was recorded since they did not result in a material
provision for income taxes. As of June 30, 2025, and June 30, 2024, the net deferred tax asset or liability was not material to the financial statements after taking into account valuation allowances.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The Company considers the applicability and impact of all accounting standard updates ("ASU") issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"). ASUs not listed were assessed by the Company and either determined to be not applicable or expected to have minimal impact on its consolidated financial statements.