Note 9 – Stockholders’ Equity

Shares Authorized

As of May 31, 2025 and 2024, the authorized capital of the Company consisted of 15,000,000 and 450,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, respectively, and 28,000,000 and 300,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, respectively.   

On April 8, 2025, the Board of Directors approved, and the holders of a majority of the Company’s outstanding voting securities approved by written consent, an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to reduce the authorized shares of common stock from 450,000,000 to 15,000,000, authorized shares of preferred stock from 300,000,000 to 28,000,000, and designated shares of Series A Preferred Stock from 250,000,000 to 27,773,500.The par value and rights of the shares remained unchanged. The amendment became effective upon filing with the Delaware Secretary of State on May 19, 2025. 

Effective as of January 16, 2024, the Company effected the Reverse Stock Split of the Company’s issued shares of common stock at a ratio of 1-for-20, as approved by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”). The Reverse Stock Split did not change the par value of the common stock, modify any voting rights or other terms of the common stock. The total number of shares of common stock that the Company is authorized to issue remained unchanged and any fractional shares remaining after the Reverse Stock Split were rounded up to the nearest whole share. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes to the financial statements give retroactive effect to the Reverse Stock Split for all periods presented, unless otherwise specified.

Preferred Stock

The preferred stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Board is expressly authorized to provide for the issuance of all or any of the shares of the preferred stock in one or more series, and to fix the number of shares and to determine or alter, for each such series, such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers and such designations, preferences, and relative, participating, optional, or other rights and such qualifications, limitations, or restrictions thereof, as shall be stated and expressed in the resolution adopted by the Board providing the issuance of such shares. The Board is also expressly authorized to increase or decrease the number of shares of any series subsequent to the issue of shares of that series. In case the number of shares of any such series shall be so decreased, the decrease shall resume the status that they had prior to the adoption of the resolution originally fixing the number of shares of such series.

During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2023, the Company issued 250,000,000 shares of non-voting Series A Preferred Stock, which, following the Reverse Stock Split of the Company’s common stock, are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a twenty-to-one ratio. These 250,000,000 shares of non-voting Series A Preferred Stock were valued at the fair market value of $3,100,000 at issuance.

The holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock have no rights to dividends with respect to such shares. No dividends or other distributions shall be declared or paid on the common stock unless and until dividends at the same rate shall have been paid or declared and set apart upon the Series A Preferred Stock, based upon the number of shares of common stock into which the Series A Preferred Stock may then be converted. Upon the dissolution, liquidation, or winding up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive out of the assets of the Company the sum of $0.0001 per share before any payment or distribution shall be made on our shares of common stock. The Series A Preferred Stock shall not be subject to redemption at the option, election or request of the Company or any holder or holders of the Series A Preferred Stock. The shares of Series A Preferred Stock are convertible at the option of the holder thereof, into one fully paid and nonassessable share of common stock for each 20 shares of Series A Preferred Stock; provided, however, that the holder may not convert that number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock which would cause the holder to become the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the Company’s common stock as determined in accordance with Sections 13(d) and (g) of the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations thereunder.

The conversion provisions of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock were proportionately adjusted in connection with the Reverse Stock Split, and the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding was not affected by the Reverse Stock Split.

On March 5, 2024, the Company entered into repurchase agreements with certain stockholders of the Company to purchase in the aggregate 207,748,250 shares of Series A Preferred Stock of the Company (equivalent, in aggregate, to 10,387,413 shares of the Company’s common stock on an as converted basis) for the aggregate cash consideration of $1,246,490. Such repurchase was approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. Following the repurchase, 42,251,750 shares of Series A Preferred Stock remained outstanding. The Company recorded a credit of $1,329,588 to the retained earnings, in the fiscal year 2024, for the difference between the carrying value of the preferred stock repurchased and the cash paid to the stockholders.

During the year ended May 31, 2025, certain stockholders of 14,478,250 preferred shares converted their preferred stock into 723,913 shares of common stock.

As of May 31, 2025 and 2024, 27,773,500 and 42,251,750 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding, respectively.

Effective March 24, 2025, the Company’s board of directors ratified certain past actions which provided that all shares of preferred stock that were repurchased by the Company along with those that were converted into shares of common stock would be considered retired. The Company retired 222,226,500 shares of Series A Preferred Stock that were previously repurchased by the Company or converted into shares of common stock prior to such date.

Common Stock

As of May 31, 2025, 6,657,717 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding.

See Preferred Stock and Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Shares Issued sections within this note for additional information regarding common stock issued during the years May 31, 2025 and 2024.

The Reverse Stock Split (See Note 2), did not change the par value of the common stock, modify any voting rights or other terms of the common stock, or change the number of authorized shares of the Company. Any fractional shares remaining after the Reverse Stock Split were rounded up to the nearest whole share.

Stock Options

Effective February 14, 2024, the Board amended the Company’s original 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the “Plan”), which was originally approved on March 21, 2022. The effective date of the amended Plan was October 31, 2023. On October 8, 2024, the Board of Directors approved the amendment and restatement of the Plan in order to increase the number of shares authorized for issuance under the Plan by 800,000 shares, any or all of which may be issued pursuant to grants of “incentive stock options” (within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code). The amendment and restatement of the Plan became effective December 18, 2024, following shareholder approval.

Under the Plan, equity-based awards may be made to employees, officers, directors, non-employee directors and consultants of the Company and its Affiliates (as defined in the Plan) in the form of (i) Incentive Stock Options (to eligible employees only); (ii) Nonqualified Stock Options; (iii) Restricted Stock; (iv) Stock Awards; (v) Performance Shares; or (vi) any combination of the foregoing. The Plan will terminate upon the close of business on March 20, 2032, unless terminated earlier in accordance with the terms of the Plan. The Board serves as the Plan administrator and may amend or terminate the Plan without stockholder approval, subject to certain exceptions. 

The total number of shares initially authorized for issuance under the Plan was 500,000 shares. The Plan has since been amended to increase the number of shares authorized for issuance under the Plan to 2,050,000 shares of common stock. The Plan provides for an annual increase on April 1 of each calendar year, beginning in 2022 and ending in 2031, subject to Board approval prior to such date. Such potential increase may be equal to the lesser of (i) 4% of the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on May 31 of the immediately preceding fiscal year and (ii) such smaller number of shares as determined by the Board. The number of shares authorized for issuance under the Plan will not change unless the Board affirmatively approves an increase in the number of shares authorized for issuance prior to April 1 of the applicable year. Shares surrendered or withheld to pay the exercise price of a stock option or to satisfy tax withholding requirements will not be added back to the number of shares available under the Plan. To the extent that any shares of common stock awarded or subject to issuance or purchase pursuant to awards under the Plan are not delivered or purchased, or are reacquired by the Company, for any reason, including a forfeiture of restricted stock or failure to earn performance shares, or the termination, expiration or cancellation of a stock option, or any other termination of an award without payment being made in the form of shares of common stock will be added to the number of shares available for awards under the Plan. The number of shares available for issuance under the Plan will be adjusted for any increase or decrease in the number of outstanding shares of common stock resulting from payment of a stock dividend on common stock, a stock split or subdivision or combination of shares of common stock, or a reorganization or reclassification of common stock, or any other change in the structure of shares of common stock, as determined by the Board. Shares available for awards under the Plan will consist of authorized and unissued shares.

Two types of options may be granted under the Plan: (1) Incentive Stock Options, which may only be issued to eligible employees of the Company and are required to have exercise price of the option not less than the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date, or, in the case of an Incentive Stock Option granted to a Ten Percent Stockholder, 110% of the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date; and (2) Non-qualified Stock Options, which may be issued to participants under the Plan and which may have an exercise price less than the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date, but not less than par value of the stock.

The Board may grant or sell restricted stock to participants (i.e., shares that are subject to a subject to restrictions or limitations as to the participant’s ability to sell, transfer, pledge or assign such shares) under the Plan. Except for these restrictions and any others imposed by the Board, upon the grant of restricted stock, the recipient generally will have rights of a stockholder with respect to the restricted stock. During the applicable restriction period, the recipient may not sell, exchange, transfer, pledge or otherwise dispose of the restricted stock. The Board may also grant awards of common stock to participants under the Plan, as well as awards of performance shares, which are awards for which the payout is subject to achievement of such performance objectives established by the Board. Performance shares may be settled in cash.

Each equity-based award granted under the Plan will be evidenced by an award agreement that specifies the terms of the award and such additional limitations, terms and conditions as the Board may determine, consistent with the provisions of the Plan.

Subject to the Plan’s terms, the Board has full power and authority to determine whether, to what extent and under what circumstances any outstanding award will be terminated, canceled, forfeited or suspended. Awards that are subject to any restriction or have not been earned or exercised in full by the recipient will be terminated and canceled if such recipient is terminated for cause, as determined by the Board in its sole discretion.

The Company estimates the fair value of share-based compensation utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which is dependent upon several variables such as the expected option term, expected volatility of the Company’s stock price over the expected term, expected risk-free interest rate over the expected option term and expected dividend yield rate over the expected option term. The Company believes this valuation methodology is appropriate for estimating the fair value of stock options granted to employees and directors which are subject to ASC 718 requirements. These amounts are estimates and thus may not be reflective of actual future results, nor amounts ultimately realized by recipients of these grants. The Company recognizes compensation on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each award.

The Company utilizes the simplified method to estimate the expected life for stock options granted to employees. The simplified method was used as the Company does not have sufficient historical data regarding stock option exercises. The expected volatility is based on historical volatility. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yields with terms equivalent to the expected life of the related option at the time of the grant. Dividend yield is based on historical trends. While the Company believes these estimates are reasonable, the compensation expense recorded would increase if the expected life was increased, a higher expected volatility was used, or if the expected dividend yield increased.

On January 2, 2025, the Company issued stock options to one employee to purchase, in aggregate, up to 5,000 shares of its common stock, at an exercise price of $4.00 per share valued at $20,000 and expiring on December 31, 2034. The options vest quarterly over a year beginning on March 1, 2025.

On November 13, 2024, the Company issued stock options to one employee to purchase, in aggregate, up to 5,000 shares of its common stock, at an exercise price of $4.00 per share valued at $20,000 and expiring on October 31, 2034. The options vest quarterly over a year beginning on February 28, 2025.

On October 14, 2024, the Company issued to two Company officers stock options to purchase, in the aggregate, up to 600,000 shares of its common stock, at an exercise price of $4.01 per share valued at $2,406,000 and expiring in ten years from the date of grant. The options vest over forty-eight equal monthly installments starting on the grant date.

During the year ended May 31, 2024, the Company issued stock options, to two consultants, to purchase, in the aggregate, up to 24,000 shares of its common stock, at an exercise price equal to the Company’s closing price on the NYSE American on the date of grant which ranged from $5.94-$10.39. The options are valued at approximately $195,960 and expire in ten years from the date of grant.

The following table presents the range of assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the stock options granted during year ended May 31, 2025:

The following table summarizes the activities for the Company’s stock option activity for the years ended May 31, 2025 and 2024:

During the year ended May 31, 2025, the Company expensed $624,559 with respect to options, of which $430,959 was included in General and administrative, and $193,600 in Sales and marketing, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. During the year ended May 31, 2024, the Company expensed $204,429 with respect to stock options, which was included in General and administrative in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the quoted price of the Company’s common stock for options that were in-the-money at each respective period.  As of the May 31, 2025, the aggregate intrinsic value was $1,382,078.

Restricted Stock Awards and Restricted Shares Issued

The Company’s non-employee directors participate in the Company’s non-employee director compensation arrangements. Under the terms of those arrangements and pursuant to the Plan, on January 13, 2025, the Company granted each of its three non-employee director Board members 5,000 restricted stock awards for an aggregate of 15,000 shares of the Company’s common stock that will vest on the one-year anniversary of the grant, subject to the respective director’s continued service as a member of the Board, with a total grant date fair value of $62,250 based on the stock price on the grant date.

Effective April 10, 2025, the Company issued 7,865 shares of restricted stock to a consultant. Fifty percent of the shares vested immediately upon grant, and the remaining shares are scheduled to vest on November 30, 2025, subject to the consultant’s continued service through that date. The total grant date fair value of the award was $35,786 based on the stock price on the grant date.

Effective May 28, 2024, a former officer entered into a Separation Agreement and Release (the “Release”), which includes a standard release of claims and confidentiality and non-disparagement provisions. As consideration for signing the Release, the Company entered into a Consulting Agreement, dated May 28, 2024, with the former officer (the “Consulting Agreement”), pursuant to which the former officer agreed to provide transition services to the Company through October 31, 2024, unless the Consulting Agreement is terminated earlier. Pursuant to the Consulting Agreement, as compensation for services as a consultant, the former officer was granted 30,000 shares of restricted common stock valued at $298,800, which vested upon grant.

Effective February 14, 2024, the Company granted each of its three non-employee director Board members 5,000 restricted stock awards for an aggregate of 15,000 shares of the Company’s common stock that will vest on the one-year anniversary of the grant, subject to the respective director’s continued service as a member of the Board, with a total grant date fair value of $195,000.

Effective November 13, 2024, the Company issued 2,000 shares of restricted common stock to a consultant for services relating to expansion of the Company into new markets. The shares were valued at $8,000 based on the Company’s closing price on the NYSE American on the date of grant. The shares vested upon grant and will be expensed over the six month service period of the consultant beginning from the grant date.

The fair value of the stock grants is being recorded over the term of the service related to each grant. During the year ended May 31, 2025, the Company expensed $484,375 related to restricted stock awards and restricted stock expense, of which $476,375 was included in General and administrative and $8,000 in Sales and marketing, on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. During the year ended May 31, 2024, the Company expensed $62,754 related to restricted stock awards and restricted stock expense, which was included in General and administrative in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.