2. Income (loss) per share

Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), and restricted common stock that have vested but not been delivered during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock and is calculated using the treasury stock method for stock options, RSUs, restricted stock, pre-funded warrants, common stock warrants, direct offering, deferred common stock, and unvested shares (see Note 7, Equity below). Stock equivalent shares are excluded from the calculation in loss periods, as their effects would be anti-dilutive. 

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, basic and diluted loss per share were as follows:

Based on exercise prices compared to the average stock prices for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, certain stock equivalents have been excluded from the diluted weighted average share calculations due to their anti-dilutive nature.