The Securities and Exchange Commission has not necessarily reviewed the information in this filing and has not determined if it is accurate and complete.
The reader should not assume that the information is accurate and complete.

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM D

Notice of Exempt Offering of Securities

OMB APPROVAL
OMB Number:3235-0076
Expires:August 31, 2015
Estimated average burden
hours per response:4.00

1. Issuer's Identity

CIK (Filer ID Number)Previous Names
XNone
Entity Type
0002007564
Corporation
XLimited Partnership
Limited Liability Company
General Partnership
Business Trust
Other (Specify)

Name of Issuer
Griffin Capital Qualified Opportunity Zone Fund IV, L.P.
Jurisdiction of Incorporation/Organization
DELAWARE
Year of Incorporation/Organization
Over Five Years Ago
XWithin Last Five Years (Specify Year)2023
Yet to Be Formed

2. Principal Place of Business and Contact Information

Name of Issuer
Griffin Capital Qualified Opportunity Zone Fund IV, L.P.
Street Address 1Street Address 2
GRIFFIN CAPITAL PLAZA266 KANSAS STREET
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/PostalCodePhone Number of Issuer
EL SEGUNDOCALIFORNIA90245(310) 469-6100

3. Related Persons

Last NameFirst NameMiddle Name
ShieldsKevinA.
Street Address 1Street Address 2
Griffin Capital Plaza266 Kansas Street
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/PostalCode
El SegundoCALIFORNIA90245
Relationship:XExecutive OfficerDirectorPromoter

Clarification of Response (if Necessary):

Co-Chief Executive Officer of the General Partner of the Issuer
Last NameFirst NameMiddle Name
Griffin Capital Company, LLCN/A
Street Address 1Street Address 2
Griffin Capital Plaza266 Kansas Street
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/PostalCode
El SegundoCALIFORNIA90245
Relationship:XExecutive OfficerDirectorPromoter

Clarification of Response (if Necessary):

Sponsor of the Issuer
Last NameFirst NameMiddle Name
Griffin Capital QOZ IV, LLCN/A
Street Address 1Street Address 2
Griffin Capital Plaza266 Kansas Street
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/PostalCode
El SegundoCALIFORNIA90245
Relationship:XExecutive OfficerDirectorPromoter

Clarification of Response (if Necessary):

General Partner of the Issuer

4. Industry Group

 Agriculture
Banking & Financial Services
 Commercial Banking
 Insurance
 Investing
 Investment Banking
 Pooled Investment Fund
 Hedge Fund
 Private Equity Fund
 Venture Capital Fund
 Other Investment Fund
Is the issuer registered as
an investment company under
the Investment Company
Act of 1940?
 Yes No
 Other Banking & Financial Services
 Business Services
Energy
 Coal Mining
 Electric Utilities
 Energy Conservation
 Environmental Services
 Oil & Gas
 Other Energy
Health Care
 Biotechnology
 Health Insurance
 Hospitals & Physicians
 Pharmaceuticals
 Other Health Care
 Manufacturing
Real Estate
 Commercial
 Construction
 REITS & Finance
 Residential
XOther Real Estate
 
Retailing
 
Restaurants
Technology
 Computers
 Telecommunications
 Other Technology
Travel
 Airlines & Airports
 Lodging & Conventions
 Tourism & Travel Services
 Other Travel
 
Other

5. Issuer Size

Revenue RangeORAggregate Net Asset Value Range
  No Revenues  No Aggregate Net Asset Value
  $1 - $1,000,000  $1 - $5,000,000
  $1,000,001 - $5,000,000  $5,000,001 - $25,000,000
  $5,000,001 - $25,000,000  $25,000,001 - $50,000,000
  $25,000,001 - $100,000,000  $50,000,001 - $100,000,000
  Over $100,000,000  Over $100,000,000
XDecline to Disclose  Decline to Disclose
  Not Applicable   Not Applicable

6. Federal Exemption(s) and Exclusion(s) Claimed (select all that apply)

  Rule 504(b)(1) (not (i), (ii) or (iii))
XInvestment Company Act Section 3(c)
   Section 3(c)(1)   Section 3(c)(9)
   Section 3(c)(2)   Section 3(c)(10)
   Section 3(c)(3)   Section 3(c)(11)
   Section 3(c)(4)   Section 3(c)(12)
XSection 3(c)(5)   Section 3(c)(13)
   Section 3(c)(6)   Section 3(c)(14)
   Section 3(c)(7)
   Rule 504 (b)(1)(i)
   Rule 504 (b)(1)(ii)
   Rule 504 (b)(1)(iii)
   Rule 505
XRule 506(b)
   Rule 506(c)
   Securities Act Section 4(a)(5)
  

7. Type of Filing

   New NoticeDate of First Sale2024-02-16   First Sale Yet to Occur
XAmendment

8. Duration of Offering

Does the Issuer intend this offering to last more than one year?
   YesXNo

9. Type(s) of Securities Offered (select all that apply)

XEquityXPooled Investment Fund Interests
   Debt   Tenant-in-Common Securities
   Option, Warrant or Other Right to Acquire Another Security   Mineral Property Securities
   Security to be Acquired Upon Exercise of Option, Warrant or Other Right to Acquire Security   Other (describe)

10. Business Combination Transaction

Is this offering being made in connection with a business combination transaction, such as a merger, acquisition or exchange offer?
   YesXNo

Clarification of Response (if Necessary):

 

11. Minimum Investment

Minimum investment accepted from any outside investor$150,000USD

12. Sales Compensation

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
DFPG Investments, LLC155576
(Associated) Broker or DealerXNone
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD NumberXNone
NoneNone
Street Address 1Street Address 2
9017 S. Riverside DriveSuite 210
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
SandyUTAH84070
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Scott Aitken5956581
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Cetera Advisors LLC10299
Street Address 1Street Address 2
950 West Elliot RoadSuite 126
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
TempeARIZONA85264
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Lawrence Bell2227247
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Purshe Kaplan Sterling Investments35747
Street Address 1Street Address 2
4 Campus Drive 
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
ParsippanyNEW JERSEY07054
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Robert Armstrong, Jr.2256775
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Purshe Kaplan Sterling Investments35747
Street Address 1Street Address 2
4 Campus Drive 
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
ParsippanyNEW JERSEY07054
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Craig Bartlett2653083
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Osaic FA, Inc.3978
Street Address 1Street Address 2
61 South Paramus RoadSuite 425
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
ParamusNEW JERSEY07652
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Shafiq Jadavij6274665
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Cetera Advisor Networks LLC13572
Street Address 1Street Address 2
6425 Powers Ferry RoadSuite 290
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
AtlantaGEORGIA30339
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Cambridge Investment Research, Inc.39543
(Associated) Broker or DealerXNone
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD NumberXNone
NoneNone
Street Address 1Street Address 2
1776 Pleasant Plain Road 
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
FairfieldIOWA52556
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
MML Investors Services, LLC10409
(Associated) Broker or DealerXNone
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD NumberXNone
NoneNone
Street Address 1Street Address 2
1295 State Street 
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
SpringfieldMASSACHUSETTS01111
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Trevor Wilde4238789
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Cetera Advisors LLC10299
Street Address 1Street Address 2
7025 North Scottsdale RoadSuite 115 & 110
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
ScottsdaleARIZONA85253
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Ataul Azad6693659
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Saxony Securities, Inc.115547
Street Address 1Street Address 2
4512 Legacy DriveSuite 100
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
PlanoTEXAS75024
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Gregg Hartmann2261157
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Cetera Investment Services LLC15340
Street Address 1Street Address 2
5299 DTC BoulevardSuite 800
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
Greenwood VillageCOLORADO80111
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Andrew Baker Woolworth, Jr.4407177
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated793
Street Address 1Street Address 2
1095 Avenue of the Americas3rd & 4th Floors
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
New YorkNEW YORK10036
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Jason Weaver2809696
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Purshe Kaplan Sterling Investments35747
Street Address 1Street Address 2
101 Main StreetSuite 220
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
Huntington BeachCALIFORNIA92648
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Joseph Polanski, Jr.1099754
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Cetera Advisor Networks LLC13572
Street Address 1Street Address 2
2301 Rosecrans Avenue#5100
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
El SegundoCALIFORNIA90245
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Blake Furgerson6055795
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated793
Street Address 1Street Address 2
300 Throckmorton StreetSuite 1400
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
Fort WorthTEXAS76102
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Mark Sherin1291532
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Osaic FA, Inc.3978
Street Address 1Street Address 2
31111 Agoura RoadSuite 200
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
Westlake VillageCALIFORNIA91361
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Matthew Chancey5645874
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Realta Equities, Inc.23769
Street Address 1Street Address 2
12636 High Bluff DriveSuite 300
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
San DiegoCALIFORNIA92130
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Robert Decker2946765
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated793
Street Address 1Street Address 2
200 NIBCO ParkwaySuite 300
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
ElkhartINDIANA46516
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Daniel Randall2140188
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Osaic FS, Inc.3870
Street Address 1Street Address 2
900 Ridgefield DriveSuite 130
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
RaleighNORTH CAROLINA27609
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Melvin Gross230866
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Osaic FS, Inc.3870
Street Address 1Street Address 2
4848 Loop Central DriveSuite 1005
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
HoustonTEXAS77081
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Robin Edgar2017918
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Concorde Investment Services, LLC151604
Street Address 1Street Address 2
5775 Wayzata BoulevardSuite 700
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
St. LouisMINNESOTA55416
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Avantax Investment Services, Inc.13686
(Associated) Broker or DealerXNone
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD NumberXNone
NoneNone
Street Address 1Street Address 2
3200 Olympus BoulevardSuite 100
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
DallasTEXAS75019
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Independent Financial Group, LLC7717
(Associated) Broker or DealerXNone
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD NumberXNone
NoneNone
Street Address 1Street Address 2
12671 High Bluff DriveSuite 200
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
San DiegoCALIFORNIA92130
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
John Litscher4215341
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Osaic Wealth, Inc.23131
Street Address 1Street Address 2
406 Science DriveSuite 310
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
MadisonWISCONSIN53711
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Kalvin Sid4748194
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Next Financial Group, Inc.46214
Street Address 1Street Address 2
1710 S. Amphlett BoulevardSuite 128
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
San MateoCALIFORNIA94402
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Trawnegan Gall6266415
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
WealthForge Securities, LLC152550
Street Address 1Street Address 2
3015 West Moore StreetSuite 102
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
RichmondVIRGINIA23230
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Christopher Hasling4885779
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Cetera Advisor Networks LLC13572
Street Address 1Street Address 2
901 Marquette AvenueSuite 2800
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
MinneapolisMINNESOTA55402
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Alvin Spencer2399550
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated793
Street Address 1Street Address 2
One Northwestern Plaza28411 Northwestern Highway
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
SouthfieldMICHIGAN48034
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Jack Michaletz5773608
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
DAI Securities, LLC36673
Street Address 1Street Address 2
150 St. Andrews CourtSuite 210
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
MankatoMINNESOTA56001
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Salvadore Salvo409637
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Purshe Kaplan Sterling Investments35747
Street Address 1Street Address 2
4 Campus Drive 
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
ParsippanyNEW JERSEY07054
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Mark Herding2239357
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Harbour Investments, Inc.19258
Street Address 1Street Address 2
4648 North 32nd Street 
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
PhoenixARIZONA85018
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Lisa Grimes2017656
(Associated) Broker or Dealer   None
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD Number   None
Sanctuary Securities, Inc.205
Street Address 1Street Address 2
9340 Priority Way West 
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
IndianapolisINDIANA46240
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

Recipient
Recipient CRD Number   None
Calton & Associates, Inc.20999
(Associated) Broker or DealerXNone
(Associated) Broker or Dealer CRD NumberXNone
NoneNone
Street Address 1Street Address 2
2701 North Rocky Point DriveSuite 1000
CityState/Province/CountryZIP/Postal Code
TampaFLORIDA33607
State(s) of Solicitation (select all that apply)
Check “All States” or check individual States
   All States
   Foreign/non-US

13. Offering and Sales Amounts

Total Offering Amount$500,000,000USD
or   Indefinite
Total Amount Sold$305,027,147USD
Total Remaining to be Sold$194,972,853USD
or  Indefinite

Clarification of Response (if Necessary):

Regarding Item 11, the Issuer may accept smaller investments in the Issuer's sole discretion.

14. Investors

  
Select if securities in the offering have been or may be sold to persons who do not qualify as accredited investors, and enter the number of such non-accredited investors who already have invested in the offering.
 
Regardless of whether securities in the offering have been or may be sold to persons who do not qualify as accredited investors, enter the total number of investors who already have invested in the offering:
529

15. Sales Commissions & Finder's Fees Expenses

Provide separately the amounts of sales commissions and finders fees expenses, if any. If the amount of an expenditure is not known, provide an estimate and check the box next to the amount.

Sales Commissions$32,500,000USD
XEstimate
Finders' Fees$0USD
XEstimate

Clarification of Response (if Necessary):

Sales Commissions include estimates of the maximum amount of Selling Commissions, Dealer Fees and Placement Agent Fees that may be paid.

16. Use of Proceeds

Provide the amount of the gross proceeds of the offering that has been or is proposed to be used for payments to any of the persons required to be named as executive officers, directors or promoters in response to Item 3 above. If the amount is unknown, provide an estimate and check the box next to the amount.

$3750000USD
XEstimate

Clarification of Response (if Necessary):

Item 16 is an estimate of acquisition fees, reimbursements for certain acquisition and financing costs, and offering and organizational expenses that may accrue to one or more Related Persons.

Signature and Submission

Please verify the information you have entered and review the Terms of Submission below before signing and clicking SUBMIT below to file this notice.

Terms of Submission

In submitting this notice, each issuer named above is:
  • Notifying the SEC and/or each State in which this notice is filed of the offering of securities described and undertaking to furnish them, upon written request, in the accordance with applicable law, the information furnished to offerees.*
  • Irrevocably appointing each of the Secretary of the SEC and, the Securities Administrator or other legally designated officer of the State in which the issuer maintains its principal place of business and any State in which this notice is filed, as its agents for service of process, and agreeing that these persons may accept service on its behalf, of any notice, process or pleading, and further agreeing that such service may be made by registered or certified mail, in any Federal or state action, administrative proceeding, or arbitration brought against it in any place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, if the action, proceeding or arbitration (a) arises out of any activity in connection with the offering of securities that is the subject of this notice, and (b) is founded, directly or indirectly, upon the provisions of: (i) the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, the Investment Company Act of 1940, or the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, or any rule or regulation under any of these statutes, or (ii) the laws of the State in which the issuer maintains its principal place of business or any State in which this notice is filed.
  • Certifying that, if the issuer is claiming a Rule 505 exemption, the issuer is not disqualified from relying on Rule 505 for one of the reasons stated in Rule 505(b)(2)(iii) or Rule 506(d).

Each Issuer identified above has read this notice, knows the contents to be true, and has duly caused this notice to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned duly authorized person.

For signature, type in the signer's name or other letters or characters adopted or authorized as the signer's signature.

IssuerSignatureName of SignerTitleDate
Griffin Capital Qualified Opportunity Zone Fund IV, L.P./s/Daniel SnellDaniel SnellChief Financial Officer/Treasurer of the GP of the Issuer2025-08-15

Persons who respond to the collection of information contained in this form are not required to respond unless the form displays a currently valid OMB number.

* This undertaking does not affect any limits Section 102(a) of the National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996 ("NSMIA") [Pub. L. No. 104-290, 110 Stat. 3416 (Oct. 11, 1996)] imposes on the ability of States to require information. As a result, if the securities that are the subject of this Form D are "covered securities" for purposes of NSMIA, whether in all instances or due to the nature of the offering that is the subject of this Form D, States cannot routinely require offering materials under this undertaking or otherwise and can require offering materials only to the extent NSMIA permits them to do so under NSMIA's preservation of their anti-fraud authority.