COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

ADOPTION OF NEW AND REVISED STANDARDS

In the current financial year, the Company has adopted all the new or revised IFRS Accounting Standards that are relevant to its operations. The adoption of these new/revised IFRS Accounting Standard and amendments to IFRS Accounting Standard does not result in substantial changes to the Company’s accounting policies and has no material effects on the amounts reported for the current or prior years.

At the date of this report, the management have considered and anticipated that the adoption of the IFRS/amendments to IFRS Accounting Standard issued but not yet effective until future periods will not have a material impact on the financial statements of the Company in the period of their initial adoption.

NEW AND REVISED IFRS IN ISSUE BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE

The Group has not applied in advance the following accounting standards and/or interpretations (including the consequential amendments, if any) that have been issued by the IASB but are not yet effective for the current financial period:

HISTORICAL COST CONVENTION

The financial statements have been prepared with the historical cost basis, except those as disclosed in the accounting policies below. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability which market participants would take into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for leasing transactions that are within the scope of IFRS 16 Leases, and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as value in use in IAS 36 Impairment of Assets.

In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorized into Level 1, 2 or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:

All intra-group balances, transactions, income and expenses are eliminated in full on combination and the consolidated financial statements reflect external transactions only.

The net assets of the consolidated entities or businesses are consolidated using the existing carrying amounts from the controlling party’s perspective. No amount is recognized in respect of goodwill or excess of the acquirer’s interest in the net fair value of acquiree’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities over the acquisition cost at the time of reverse acquisition. All differences between the cost of acquisition (fair value of consideration paid) and the amounts at which the assets and liabilities are recorded, arising from reverse acquisition, have been recognized directly in equity as part of the capital reserve.

The consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income include the results of each of the combining entities or businesses from the earliest date presented or since the date when the consolidated entities or reverse acquisition, where this is a shorter period, regardless of the date of the reverse acquisition.

BASIS OF PREPARATION

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS Accounting Standards).

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the historical cost basis, except as disclosed in the accounting policies below, and are drawn up in accordance with the provisions of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS Accounting Standards).

Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.

BASIS OF CONSOLIDATION

The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and entities controlled by the Company and its subsidiaries. Control is achieved when the Company:

The Group reassesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control listed above.

Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Group obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the Group loses control of the subsidiary. Specifically, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated statements of profit or loss from the date the Group gains control until the date when the Group ceases to control the subsidiary.

Profit or loss and each item of other comprehensive income are attributed to the owners of the Company and to the non-controlling interests. Total comprehensive income of subsidiaries is attributed to the owners of the Company and to the non-controlling interests even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance.

When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies in line with the Group’s accounting policies.

All intragroup assets and liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows relating to transactions between members of the Group are eliminated in full on consolidation.

Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries are presented separately from the Group’s equity therein, which represent present ownership interests entitling their holders to a proportionate share of net assets of the relevant subsidiaries upon liquidation.

The net assets of the consolidated entities or businesses are consolidated using the existing carrying amounts from the controlling party’s perspective. No amount is recognized in respect of goodwill or excess of the acquirer’s interest in the net fair value of acquiree’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities over the acquisition cost at the time of reverse acquisition. All differences between the cost of acquisition (fair value of consideration paid) and the amounts at which the assets and liabilities are recorded, arising from reverse acquisition, have been recognized directly in equity as part of the capital reserve.

The consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income include the results of each of the combining entities or businesses from the earliest date presented or since the date when the consolidated entities or businesses first came under the common control, where this is a shorter period, regardless of the date of the reverse acquisition.

FUNCTIONAL AND PRESENTATION CURRENCY

Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the financial statements of the Company’s are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the “functional currency”). The financial statements are presented in United States Dollar (“USD”), which is the functional currency of the Company.  

Assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the reporting currency are translated into the reporting currency at the rates of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date. Translation gains and losses are recognized in the statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) as other comprehensive income or loss. Transactions in currencies other than the reporting currency are measured and recorded in the reporting currency at the exchange rate prevailing on the transaction date. The cumulative gain or loss from foreign currency transactions is reflected in the statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) as other income (other expenses).

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

In preparing the financial statements, management has made judgements and estimates that affect the application of the Company’s accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to estimates are recognized prospectively. Estimates are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations about future events that may have a financial impact on the Company and that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Management is of the opinion that there are no instances of application of judgement expected to have a significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements.

The key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the financial year that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are discussed below.

Impairment review of receivables

The management estimates the amount of loss allowance for expected credit loss (“ECL”) on receivables based on the changes in credit risk. The loss allowance amount is measured as the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows with the consideration of expected future credit losses. The assessment of the credit risk involves high degree of estimation and uncertainty. When the actual future cash flows are less than expected or more than expected, a material impairment loss or a material reversal of impairment loss may arise.

Allowances for inventories

Management determines whether an allowance is required for inventories obsolescence or slow-moving stock or for any shortfall in net realizable value of inventories by reviewing the inventory listing on a periodic basis. The review involves an analysis of the inventories ageing, a comparison of the carrying value of the inventory items with the respective net realizable value as well as the forecasted demand for the inventories. Arising from the review, management sets up the necessary allowance for obsolete and slow-moving inventories or for any short fall in the net realizable value of the inventories.

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

The Company’s property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their useful lives. Useful lives of these assets are estimated by management based on common life expectancies and usage level of the Company. Changes in the expected level of usage could impact the economic useful lives and the residual values of these assets, therefore future depreciation charges could be revised.

Income taxes

Significant judgement is required in determining the tax allowances, deductibility of certain expenses and taxability of certain income during the estimation of the provision for income taxes. There are transactions during the ordinary course of business for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Company recognizes tax liabilities based on estimates of whether additional taxes would be due. Where the final tax outcome is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences would impact the income tax and deferred tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made.