NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Protalix BioTherapeutics, Inc. (collectively with its subsidiary, the “Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Protalix Ltd., are biopharmaceutical companies focused on the development and commercialization of recombinant therapeutic proteins based on the Company’s proprietary ProCellEx^® protein expression system (“ProCellEx”). To date, the Company has successfully developed two enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs); Elfabrio^® (pegunigalsidase alfa) for the treatment of adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Fabry disease and Elelyso^® (taliglucerase alfa) for the treatment of adult patients and children four years of age and greater with Gaucher disease.

Elelyso was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in May 2012 and is now approved for marketing in 23 markets including Brazil, Israel and others. In May 2023, both the European Commission (“EC”) and the FDA announced the approval of Elfabrio, each for adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Fabry disease. Both approvals cover the 1 mg/kg every two weeks dosage. Elfabrio, which the Company referred to as PRX-102 during its development stage, has been approved for marketing in the United States, the European Union, Great Britain, Switzerland, Peru, Israel, Russia, Singapore, Australia and Taiwan.

The Company is committed to leveraging its record of success as the Company progresses with the development of treatments for rare and orphan diseases. In addition, the Company continuously works on the further development and enhancement of its ProCellEx technology. Accordingly, the Company is turning its focus to new, early-stage product candidates that treat indications for which there are high unmet needs in terms of efficacy and safety, including renal diseases. Treatments of interest will address both genetic and non-genetic diseases. The Company intends to use its ProCellEx platform and PEGylation capabilities, as well as other modalities such as small molecules and antibodies, to take advantage of highly innovative opportunities. The Company is also exploring novel platform technologies.

The Company continuously evaluates potential strategic marketing partnerships as well as collaboration programs with biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies and academic research institutions. Except with respect to Elfabrio and Elelyso, the Company holds the worldwide commercialization rights to its other proprietary development candidates.

The Company’s product pipeline currently includes, among other candidates:

Obtaining marketing approval with respect to any product candidate in any country is dependent on the Company’s ability to implement the necessary regulatory steps required to obtain such approvals, and demonstrate the safety and efficacy of its product candidates. The Company cannot reasonably predict the outcome of these activities.

The Company has licensed the rights to commercialize Elelyso worldwide (other than Brazil) to Pfizer Inc. (“Pfizer”), and in Brazil to Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (“Fiocruz”), an arm of the Brazilian Ministry of Health (the “Brazilian MoH”). Elelyso is marketed as BioManguinhos alfataliglicerase in Brazil. The Company has partnered with Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. (“Chiesi”) for the development and commercialization of Elfabrio through two exclusive global licensing and supply agreements. On October 19, 2017, Protalix Ltd., the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into an Exclusive License and Supply Agreement with Chiesi (the “Chiesi Ex-US Agreement”) pursuant to which Chiesi was granted an exclusive license for all markets outside of the United States to commercialize Elfabrio. On July 23, 2018, Protalix Ltd. entered into an Exclusive License and Supply Agreement with Chiesi (the “Chiesi US Agreement”), with respect to the commercialization of Elfabrio in the United States.

Since its approval by the FDA, Elelyso has been marketed by Pfizer in accordance with the exclusive license and supply agreement entered into between Protalix Ltd. and Pfizer, which is referred to herein as the Pfizer Agreement. In October

2015, Protalix Ltd. and Pfizer entered into an amended exclusive license and supply agreement, which is referred to herein as the Amended Pfizer Agreement, pursuant to which the Company sold to Pfizer its share in the collaboration created under the Pfizer Agreement for the commercialization of Elelyso. As part of the sale, the Company agreed to transfer its rights to Elelyso in Israel to Pfizer while gaining full rights to it in Brazil. Under the Amended Pfizer Agreement, Pfizer is entitled to all of the revenues, and is responsible for 100% of expenses globally for Elelyso, excluding Brazil where the Company is responsible for all expenses and retains all revenues.

On June 18, 2013, the Company entered into a Supply and Technology Transfer Agreement (the “Brazil Agreement”) with Fiocruz for BioManguinhos alfataliglicerase. Fiocruz’s purchases of BioManguinhos alfataliglicerase to date have been significantly below certain agreed-upon purchase milestones and, accordingly, the Company has the right to terminate the Brazil Agreement. Notwithstanding the termination right, the Company is, at this time, continuing to supply BioManguinhos alfataliglicerase to Fiocruz and patients continue to be treated with BioManguinhos alfataliglicerase in Brazil.

On February 27, 2023, the Company entered into that certain At The Market Offering Agreement (as may be amended from time to time, the “Sales Agreement”) with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, as the Company’s sales agent (the “Agent”). After giving effect to the sales under the Sales Agreement in January 2025, no shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”) remained available for offer and sale under the Sales Agreement. On March 17, 2025, the Company entered into an amendment to the Sales Agreement pursuant to which the Company increased the aggregate gross sales price of shares of Common Stock available for offer and sale under the Sales Agreement by $20.0 million. As of June 30, 2025, approximately $15.7 million in shares of Common Stock remain available to be sold under the Sales Agreement.

Because the Company’s operations are conducted in the State of Israel, the business and operations may be directly affected by economic, political, geopolitical and military conditions in Israel. In October 2023 Hamas terrorists infiltrated Israel’s southern border from the Gaza Strip and attacked civilian and military targets. The infiltration was accompanied by extensive rocket attacks by Hamas on industrial, civilian and military targets throughout Israel. At the same time, clashes between Israel and Hezbollah in Lebanon increased. In response, Israel’s security cabinet declared war against Hamas and a military campaign against these terrorist organizations commenced in parallel to their continued rocket and terror attacks. Since the outbreak of the war, other regional actors, including Iran, have taken military action against Israel, as discussed above. In June 2025, Israel launched significant aerial attacks on military and related sites in Iran, and the Iranian military responded with missile and drone attacks in Israel, which was followed by strategic bombing by the U.S. Air Force. The U.S. action was followed by a cease fire with Iran which remains in effect as of the date hereof. Although ceasefire negotiations are on-going with Hamas and the level of military activity has decreased in recent months compared to previous levels, it is currently not possible to predict the duration or severity of the ongoing conflict or its effects on the Company’s business, operations and financial conditions. The Company’s facilities are recognized as an “essential enterprise” in Israel which means the Company operates or can be operated for the purposes of state defense or public security or for the maintenance of essential supplies or services, allowing the Company to maintain operations during emergencies. However, the situation could disrupt certain of the Company’s business and operations, among others. The Company has elected to store manufactured drug substance in multiple locations, both within and outside of Israel, to mitigate the risk of loss due to the military operations. As of the issuance of these financial statements, the impact of the war has not had an adverse effect on the Company’s operations.

The Company expects to continue to incur significant expenditures in the near future due to research and developments efforts with respect to its product candidates. The Company believes that its cash and cash equivalents and short-term bank deposits as of June 30, 2025, are sufficient to satisfy the Company’s capital needs for at least 12 months from the date that these financial statements are issued.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (of a normal recurring nature) considered necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented have been included. Operating results for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed by the Company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on March 17, 2025. The comparative balance sheet at December 31, 2024 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date. There have been no material changes in our significant accounting policies as described in our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding for each period.

Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net income by the weighted-average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during each period increased to include the number of additional shares of Common Stock that would have been outstanding if the potentially dilutive shares had been issued.

In computing diluted earnings per share, basic earnings per share are adjusted to take into account the potential dilution that could occur upon: (i) the exercise of options granted under employee stock compensation plans using the treasury stock method; (ii) the exercise of warrants using the treasury stock method; and (iii) the conversion of the convertible notes using the “if-converted” method.

In September 2024, the Company repaid in full all of the outstanding principal and interest payable under its 7.50% Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes due 2024 (the “2024 Notes”). The repayment of the convertible notes at maturity was financed entirely with available cash.

Prior to January 1, 2024, the Company’s outstanding 2024 Notes were accounted for as a liability (debt) and equity component (conversion option) as the convertible notes may be settled wholly or partly in cash, at the option of the Company, when converted.

Starting from January 1, 2024, the convertible debt instruments were accounted for as a single liability measured at amortized cost.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements, not yet adopted

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” This guidance is intended to enhance the transparency and decision-usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to disclosure regarding rate reconciliation and income taxes paid both in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses,” which requires disclosure about the types of costs and expenses included in certain expense captions presented on the income statement. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements disclosures.