13. Equity Incentive Plans

2017 Equity Incentive Plan

In 2017, the Company adopted its 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”).

On November 10, 2021, the 2017 Plan terminated and was replaced by the 2021 Plan (defined below), and future issuances of incentive instruments will be governed by the 2021 Plan. To the extent that outstanding awards under the 2017 Plan are forfeited or lapse unexercised, the shares of common stock subject to such awards will no longer be available for future issuance.

2021 Equity Incentive Plan

In 2021, the Company adopted the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”). The plan allows for the issuance of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, stock bonus awards and performance-based awards. Awards granted under the 2021 Plan are determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s board of directors, who is responsible for administering the 2021 Plan. The term for stock options shall be no more than ten years from the date of grant. In the case of an Incentive Stock Option granted to an optionee who, at the time the option is granted, owns stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary, the term of the option shall be five years from the date of grant or such shorter term as may be provided in the option Agreement. To the extent outstanding awards under the 2021 Plan are forfeited or lapse unexercised, the shares of common stock subject to such awards will be available for future issuance under the 2021 Plan. The 2021 Plan provides that additional shares will automatically be added to the shares authorized for issuance under the 2021 Plan on January 1 of each year. The number of shares added each year will be equal to the lesser of: (i) 5.0% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock on December 31st of the preceding calendar year or (ii) such number of shares determined by the board of directors, in its discretion. On January 1, 2024, 4,312 shares were automatically added to the number of shares authorized for issuance under 2021 Plan (an increase equal to 5% of the number of the outstanding shares of Company common stock as of December 31, 2023).

Amended and Restated 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended

On August 9, 2024, the Company adopted its Amended and Restated 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “A&R 2021 Plan”), which amended and restated the 2021 Plan in full to, amongst other things, increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance thereunder from 5,434 shares to 58,823 shares. The Company’s Board of Directors unanimously approved the adoption of the A&R 2021 Plan, subject to stockholder approval, on June 15, 2024, and the Company’s stockholders approved the A&R 2021 Plan at the Company’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on August 9, 2024. On January 1, 2025, 27,846 shares were automatically added to the number of shares authorized for issuance under A&R 2021 Plan (an increase equal to 5% of the number of the outstanding shares of Company common stock as of December 31, 2024).

On June 30, 2025, following stockholder approval, the Company further amended the A&R 2021 Plan to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance thereunder from 86,669 to 511,669 shares.

As of June 30, 2025, there were 454,401 shares of common stock available for issuance under the A&R 2021 Plan, as amended.

Stock Options

In the case of an incentive stock option (i) granted to an employee who, at the time of grant of such option, owns stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any parent or subsidiary of the Company, the exercise price shall be no less than 110% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant; (ii) granted to any other employee, the per share exercise price shall be no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant. In the case of a non-statutory stock option (i) granted to an employee who, at the time of grant of such option, owns stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any parent or subsidiary of the Company, the exercise price shall be no less than 110% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant; (ii) granted to any other service provider, the per share exercise price shall be no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant. Notwithstanding the foregoing, options may be granted with a per share exercise price other than as required above pursuant to a merger or other corporate transaction.
 

The options may include provisions permitting exercise of the option prior to full vesting. Any unvested shares upon termination shall be subject to repurchase by the Company at the original exercise price of the option. Stock options granted under the Company’s equity incentive plans generally vest over four years from the date of grant.

The weighted-average exercise price as of June 30, 2025 for stock options outstanding and stock options exercisable was $152.28 and $346.95, respectively. The weighted average remaining contractual life as of June 30, 2025 for stock options outstanding and stock options exercisable was 9.09 and 8.55 years, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was $57 thousand and $131 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was $53 thousand and $105 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. As of June 30, 2025, there was $104 thousand of remaining expense, which is expected to be amortized over 0.93 years.

Restricted Stock Awards

The fair value of restricted stock awards vested during the each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was $0 and $2 thousand, respectively. The fair value of restricted stock awards vested during the each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was $1 thousand and $3 thousand, respectively. There is no remaining expense to be recognized in connection with restricted stock awards.

Restricted Stock Units

The fair value of restricted stock units granted during each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was $306 thousand. There were no restricted stock units granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. Stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units was $33 thousand and $57 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. There was

no expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, as no restricted stock units had been issued. As of June 30, 2025, there was $416 thousand of remaining expense, which is expected to be amortized over 3.63 years.

In May 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the award of certain bonus payments related to performance in 2024, to be paid in the form of restricted stock units once certain milestones have been achieved. As achievement of the milestones is estimated to be more likely than not, the Company accrued bonuses of $87 thousand as stock-based compensation as of June 30, 2025. It is expected that the underlying restricted stock units will be issued in the third quarter of 2025.

Total Stock-Based Compensation