NOTE 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Management’s Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment Information

Operating segments are components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and are evaluated regularly by the Company’s chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer views the Company’s operations and manages its business in one operating segment, which is the business of development and commercialization of products related to comprehensive neuromodulation cEEG and sEEG recording, monitoring, ablation, and brain stimulation solutions. Accordingly, the Company has a single reporting segment.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original contractual maturity on date of purchase of less than or equal to three months to be classified and presented as cash equivalents on the condensed balance sheets. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents may include demand deposit accounts with large financial institutions, institutional money market funds, U.S. Treasury securities, and corporate notes and bonds. The Company monitors the creditworthiness of the financial institutions, institutional money market funds, and corporations in which the Company invests its surplus funds. The Company has experienced no credit losses from its cash and cash equivalent investments.

 Revenue Recognition

The Company entered into a development and distribution agreement which has current and future revenue recognition implications. See “Note 7 – Zimmer Distribution Agreement and Other Product Revenue.”

In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under its agreements, the Company performs the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations based on estimated selling prices; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation.

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606 (“ASC 606”). Performance obligations may include license rights, development services, and services associated with regulatory submission and approval processes. Significant management judgment is required to determine the level of effort required under an arrangement and the period over which the Company expects to complete its performance obligations under the arrangement. If the Company cannot reasonably estimate when its performance obligations are either completed or become inconsequential, then revenue recognition is deferred until the Company can reasonably make such estimates. Revenue is then recognized over the remaining estimated period of performance using the cumulative catch-up method.

Product Revenue

Revenues from product sales are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. At the inception of each customer contract, performance obligations are identified and the total transaction price is allocated to the performance obligations.

Cost of Product Revenue

Cost of product revenue consists of the manufacturing and materials costs incurred by the Company’s third-party contract manufacturers in connection with OneRF Ablation system (the “OneRF Products”), strip and grid cortical electrodes (the “Strip/Grid Products”), depth electrodes (“sEEG Products) and outside supplier materials costs in connection with the electrode cable assembly products (“Electrode Cable Assembly Products”). In addition, cost of product revenue includes royalty fees incurred in connection with the Company’s license agreements as well as valuation adjustments for excess or obsolete inventory.

License Revenue

As part of the accounting for collaboration arrangements, the Company must develop assumptions that require judgment to determine the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation identified in the contract. The Company uses key assumptions to determine the stand-alone selling price, which may include forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success. The Company allocates the total transaction price to each performance obligation based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised goods or service underlying each performance obligation.

Licenses of intellectual property: If the license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company recognizes revenues from non-refundable, up-front fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the customer, and the customer can use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are bundled with other promises, the Company utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue from non-refundable, up-front fees. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition. 

Milestone payments: At the inception of each arrangement that includes milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being achieved and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur, the value of the associated milestone (such as a regulatory submission) is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the control of the Company, such as approvals from regulators, are not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. When the Company’s assessment of probability of achievement changes and variable consideration becomes probable, any additional estimated consideration is allocated to each performance obligation based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised goods or service underlying each performance obligation and recorded in license revenues based upon when the customer obtains control of each element.

Royalties: For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of (a) when the related sales occur, or (b) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).

Warrant Liability

The Company issued warrants in connection with its 2024 Private Placement. See “Note 12– Stockholders’ Equity”. The Company accounts for these warrants as a liability at fair value when warrant pricing protection provisions are not available to other common stockholders. Additionally, issuance costs associated with the warrant liability are expensed as incurred and reflected as a financing cost in the accompanying condensed statements of operations. The Company adjusts the liability for changes in fair value until the earlier of the exercise or expiration of the warrants for any period when pricing protections remain in place. Any future change in the fair value of the warrant liability is recognized in the condensed statements of operations under the fair value change in the warrant liability line item.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s accounting for fair value measurements of assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring or nonrecurring basis adheres to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to measurements involving significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

As of June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, the fair values of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventory, prepaids and deferred offering costs, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities approximated their carrying values because of the short-term nature of these assets or liabilities. The fair value of the warrant liability was based on Level 3 inputs as well as the Company’s underlying stock price and associated volatility, expected term of the warrants and market interest rates.  There were no transfers between fair value hierarchy levels during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

The fair value of financial instruments measured on a recurring basis is as follows:

The following table provides a roll-forward of the warrant liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis using unobservable level 3 inputs for the nine months ended June 30, 2025.

There were no financial instruments measured on a non-recurring basis during the periods presented.

Intellectual Property

The Company has entered into two licensing agreements with major research institutions, which allow for access to certain patented technology and know-how. Payments under those agreements are capitalized and amortized to selling, general and administrative expense over the expected useful life of the acquired technology.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is recorded at cost and reduced by accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is recognized over the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method. The estimated useful life for equipment and furniture ranges from three to seven years. Tangible assets acquired for research and development activities and that have alternative use are capitalized over the useful life of the acquired asset. Estimated useful lives are periodically reviewed, and, when appropriate, changes are made prospectively. When certain events or changes in operating conditions occur, asset lives may be adjusted and an impairment assessment may be performed on the recoverability of the carrying amounts. Maintenance and repairs are charged directly to expense as incurred.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates its long-lived assets, which consist of licensed intellectual property, property and equipment and right-of-use assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. The Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the impaired asset.

Accounts Receivable and Allowances for Credit Losses

The Company records a provision for credit losses, when appropriate, based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable supportable forecasts. In estimating the allowance for credit losses, the Company considers, among other factors, the estimate of credit losses over the remaining expected life of the asset, primarily using historical experience and current economic conditions that could affect the collectability of the balances in the future. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when the Company believes that it is probable that the receivable will not be recovered. Actual write-offs may be in excess of the Company’s estimated allowance. The Company has not incurred any bad debt expense to date and no allowance for credit losses has been recorded during the periods presented.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost (using the first-in, first-out “FIFO” method) or net realizable value. The Company calculates inventory valuation adjustments for excess and obsolete inventory, when appropriate, based on current inventory levels, movement, expected useful lives, and estimated future demand of the products and spare parts. The Company’s inventory is currently comprised of Strip/Grid Products, sEEG Products, OneRF Products and Electrode Cable Assembly Products component, work-in-process and finished good product. The Strip/Grid Products, sEEG Products and OneRF Products are produced by a third-party contract manufacturer and the Electrode Cable Assembly Products are obtained from outside suppliers.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred. Research and development expenses comprise of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including compensation and benefits for research and development employees (including stock-based compensation), overhead expenses, cost of laboratory supplies, clinical trial and related clinical manufacturing expenses, costs related to regulatory operations, fees paid to consultants and other outside expenses. Non-refundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future research and development activities are expensed when the activity is performed or when the goods have been received, rather than when payment is made, in accordance with ASC 730, Research and Development.

Advertising Expense

Advertising expense is charged to selling, general and administrative expenses during the period that it is incurred. Total advertising expense amounted to $45,120 and $128,663 for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. Total advertising expense amounted to $45,000 and $110,053 for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2024, respectively.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs including stock-based compensation for personnel in functions not directly associated with research and development activities. Other significant costs include legal and litigation costs relating to corporate matters, intellectual property costs, professional fees for consultants assisting with financial and administrative matters, and sales and marketing in connection with the commercial sales of the Company’s products.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). Accordingly, compensation costs related to equity instruments granted are recognized at the grant-date fair value over the requisite service period. The Company records forfeitures when they occur. Stock-based compensation arrangements to non-employees are accounted for in accordance with the applicable provisions of ASC 718.  

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax base and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Net Loss Per Share

For the Company, basic loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.

Diluted earnings or loss per share of common stock is computed similarly to basic earnings or loss per share except the weighted average shares outstanding are increased to include additional shares from the assumed exercise of any common stock equivalents, if dilutive. The Company’s warrants, stock options, and restricted stock units while outstanding are considered common stock equivalents for this purpose. Diluted earnings or loss per share of common stock is computed utilizing the treasury method for the warrants, stock options and restricted stock units. No incremental common stock equivalents were included in calculating diluted loss per share because such inclusion would be anti-dilutive given the net loss reported for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

The following potential common shares were not considered in the computation of basic net loss per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07 - Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which enhances reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through disclosures of significant segment expenses. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The guidance must be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The Company adopted this guidance on October 1, 2024. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which enhances income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This guidance also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods within those fiscal years and should be applied on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on its financial statements.