The information in this preliminary pricing supplement is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary pricing supplement is not
an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to completion dated August 12, 2025
August , 2025 Registration Statement Nos. 333-270004 and 333-270004-01; Rule 424(b)(2)
Pricing supplement to product supplement no. 4-I dated April 13, 2023, underlying supplement no. 5-III dated March 5, 2025,
the prospectus and prospectus supplement, each dated April 13, 2023, and the prospectus addendum dated June 3, 2024
JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC
Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the
MerQube US Tech+ Vol Advantage Index due August 16,
2030
Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co.
• The notes are designed for investors who seek a Contingent Interest Payment with respect to each quarterly Interest
Review Date for which the closing level of the MerQube US Tech+ Vol Advantage Index, which we refer to as the Index,
is greater than or equal to 70.00% of the Initial Value, which we refer to as the Interest Barrier.
• If the closing level of the Index is greater than or equal to the Interest Barrier on any Interest Review Date, investors will
receive, in addition to the Contingent Interest Payment with respect to that Interest Review Date, any previously unpaid
Contingent Interest Payments for prior Interest Review Dates.
• The notes will be automatically called if the closing level of the Index on any semiannual Autocall Review Date is greater
than or equal to the Call Value.
• The earliest date on which an automatic call may be initiated is August 13, 2026.
• Investors should be willing to accept the risk of losing a significant portion or all of their principal and the risk that no
Contingent Interest Payment may be made with respect to some or all Interest Review Dates.
• Investors should also be willing to forgo fixed interest and dividend payments, in exchange for the opportunity to receive
Contingent Interest Payments.
• The Index is subject to a 6.0% per annum daily deduction, and the performance of the Invesco QQQ TrustSM,
Series 1 (the “QQQ Fund”) is subject to a notional financing cost. These deductions will offset any appreciation
of the components of the Index, will heighten any depreciation of those components and will generally be a drag
on the performance of the Index. The Index will trail the performance of an identical index without such
deductions. See “Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Notes Generally — The Level of the
Index Will Include a 6.0% per Annum Daily Deduction” and “Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to
the Notes Generally — The Level of the Index Will Include the Deduction of a Notional Financing Cost” in this
pricing supplement.
• The notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, which we refer to
as JPMorgan Financial, the payment on which is fully and unconditionally guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co. Any
payment on the notes is subject to the credit risk of JPMorgan Financial, as issuer of the notes, and the credit
risk of JPMorgan Chase & Co., as guarantor of the notes.
• Minimum denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples thereof
• The notes are expected to price on or about August 13, 2025 and are expected to settle on or about August 18, 2025.
• CUSIP: 48136GMD9
Investing in the notes involves a number of risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-2 of the accompanying
prospectus supplement, Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum, “Risk Factors” beginning on page PS-11
of the accompanying product supplement, “Risk Factors” beginning on page US-4 of the accompanying underlying
supplement and “Selected Risk Considerations” beginning on page PS-8 of this pricing supplement.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved
of the notes or passed upon the accuracy or the adequacy of this pricing supplement or the accompanying product supplement,
underlying supplement, prospectus supplement, prospectus and prospectus addendum. Any representation to the contrary is a
criminal offense.
Price to Public (1)
Fees and Commissions (2)
Proceeds to Issuer
Per note
$1,000
$
$
Total
$
$
$
(1) See “Supplemental Use of Proceeds” in this pricing supplement for information about the components of the price to public of the
notes.
(2) J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, which we refer to as JPMS, acting as agent for JPMorgan Financial, will pay all of the selling
commissions it receives from us to other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers. In no event will these selling commissions exceed $7.50 per
$1,000 principal amount note. See “Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)” in the accompanying product supplement.
If the notes priced today, the estimated value of the notes would be approximately $954.70 per $1,000 principal amount
note. The estimated value of the notes, when the terms of the notes are set, will be provided in the pricing supplement
and will not be less than $900.00 per $1,000 principal amount note. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this
pricing supplement for additional information.
The notes are not bank deposits, are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency
and are not obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.
PS-1 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the MerQube US Tech+
Vol Advantage Index
Key Terms
Issuer: JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, a direct,
wholly owned finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Guarantor: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Index: The MerQube US Tech+ Vol Advantage Index
(Bloomberg ticker: MQUSTVA). The level of the Index reflects
a deduction of 6.0% per annum that accrues daily, and the
performance of the QQQ Fund is subject to a notional financing
cost that accrues daily.
Contingent Interest Payments: If the notes have not been
automatically called and the closing level of the Index on any
Interest Review Date is greater than or equal to the Interest
Barrier, you will receive on the applicable Interest Payment
Date for each $1,000 principal amount note a Contingent
Interest Payment equal to at least $31.875 (equivalent to a
Contingent Interest Rate of at least 12.75% per annum, payable
at a rate of at least 3.1875% per quarter) (to be provided in the
pricing supplement), plus any previously unpaid Contingent
Interest Payments for any prior Interest Review Dates.
If the Contingent Interest Payment is not paid on any Interest
Payment Date, that unpaid Contingent Interest Payment will be
paid on a later Interest Payment Date if the closing level of the
Index on the Interest Review Date related to that later Interest
Payment Date is greater than or equal to the Interest Barrier.
You will not receive any unpaid Contingent Interest Payments if
the closing level of the Index on each subsequent Interest
Review Date is less than the Interest Barrier.
Contingent Interest Rate: At least 12.75% per annum, payable
at a rate of at least 3.1875% per quarter (to be provided in the
pricing supplement)
Interest Barrier: 70.00% of the Initial Value
Trigger Value: 50.00% of the Initial Value
Call Value: 90.00% of the Initial Value
Pricing Date: On or about August 13, 2025
Original Issue Date (Settlement Date): On or about August
18, 2025
Interest Review Dates*: November 13, 2025, February 13,
2026, May 13, 2026, August 13, 2026, November 13, 2026,
February 16, 2027, May 13, 2027, August 13, 2027, November
15, 2027, February 14, 2028, May 15, 2028, August 14, 2028,
November 13, 2028, February 13, 2029, May 14, 2029, August
13, 2029, November 13, 2029, February 13, 2030, May 13,
2030 and August 13, 2030 (the “final Review Date”)
Autocall Review Dates*: August 13, 2026, February 16, 2027,
August 13, 2027, February 14, 2028, August 14, 2028,
February 13, 2029, August 13, 2029 and February 13, 2030
Interest Payment Dates*: November 18, 2025, February 19,
2026, May 18, 2026, August 18, 2026, November 18, 2026,
February 19, 2027, May 18, 2027, August 18, 2027, November
18, 2027, February 17, 2028, May 18, 2028, August 17, 2028,
November 16, 2028, February 16, 2029, May 17, 2029, August
16, 2029, November 16, 2029, February 19, 2030, May 16,
2030 and the Maturity Date
Maturity Date*: August 16, 2030
Call Settlement Date*: If the notes are automatically called on
any Autocall Review Date, the first Interest Payment Date
immediately following that Autocall Review Date
Automatic Call:
If the closing level of the Index on any Autocall Review Date is
greater than or equal to the Call Value, the notes will be
automatically called for a cash payment, for each $1,000
principal amount note, equal to (a) $1,000 plus (b) the
Contingent Interest Payment applicable to the Interest Review
Date corresponding to that Autocall Review Date plus (c) any
previously unpaid Contingent Interest Payments for any prior
Interest Review Dates, payable on the applicable Call
Settlement Date. No further payments will be made on the
notes.
Payment at Maturity:
If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final
Value is greater than or equal to the Trigger Value, you will
receive a cash payment at maturity, for each $1,000 principal
amount note, equal to (a) $1,000 plus (b) the Contingent
Interest Payment, if any, applicable to the final Review Date
plus (c) if the Contingent Interest Payment applicable to the final
Review Date is payable, any previously unpaid Contingent
Interest Payments for any prior Interest Review Dates.
If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final
Value is less than the Trigger Value, your payment at maturity
per $1,000 principal amount note will be calculated as follows:
$1,000 + ($1,000 × Index Return)
If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final
Value is less than the Trigger Value, you will lose more than
50.00% of your principal amount at maturity and could lose all
of your principal amount at maturity.
Index Return: (Final Value – Initial Value)
Initial Value
Initial Value: The closing level of the Index on the Pricing Date
Final Value: The closing level of the Index on the final Review
Date
* Subject to postponement in the event of a market disruption
event and as described under “Supplemental Terms of the
Notes — Postponement of a Determination Date — Notes
Linked Solely to an Index” in the accompanying underlying
supplement and “General Terms of Notes — Postponement of a
Payment Date” in the accompanying product supplement
PS-2 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the MerQube US Tech+
Vol Advantage Index
The MerQube US Tech+ Vol Advantage Index
The MerQube US Tech+ Vol Advantage Index (the “Index”) was developed by MerQube (the “Index Sponsor” and “Index Calculation
Agent”), in coordination with JPMS, and is maintained by the Index Sponsor and is calculated and published by the Index Calculation
Agent. The Index was established on June 22, 2021. An affiliate of ours currently has a 10% equity interest in the Index Sponsor, with
a right to appoint an employee of JPMS, another of our affiliates, as a member of the board of directors of the Index Sponsor.
Since February 9, 2024 (the “Amendment Effective Date”), the underlying asset to which the Index is linked (the “Underlying Asset”)
has been an unfunded position in the QQQ Fund, calculated as the excess of the total return of the QQQ Fund over a notional financing
cost. Prior to the Amendment Effective Date, the Underlying Asset was an unfunded rolling position in E-Mini Nasdaq-100 futures (the
“Futures Contracts”).
The investment objective of the QQQ Fund is to seek to track the investment results, before fees and expenses, of the Nasdaq-100
Index®. For more information about the QQQ Fund and the Nasdaq-100 Index®, see “Background on the Invesco QQQ TrustSM, Series
1” and “Background on the Nasdaq-100 Index®,” respectively, in the accompanying underlying supplement.
The Index attempts to provide a dynamic rules-based exposure to the Underlying Asset, while targeting a level of implied volatility, with
a maximum exposure to the Underlying Asset of 500% and a minimum exposure to the Underlying Asset of 0%. The Index is subject to
a 6.0% per annum daily deduction, and the performance of the Underlying Asset is subject to a notional financing cost deducted daily.
On each weekly Index rebalance day, the exposure to the Underlying Asset is set equal to (a) the 35% implied volatility target (the
“target volatility”) divided by (b) the one-week implied volatility of the QQQ Fund, subject to a maximum exposure of 500%. For
example, if the implied volatility of the QQQ Fund is equal to 17.5%, the exposure to the Underlying Asset will equal 200% (or 35% /
17.5%) and if the implied volatility of the QQQ Fund is equal to 40%, the exposure to the Underlying Asset will equal 87.5% (or 35% /
40%). The Index’s exposure to the Underlying Asset will be greater than 100% when the implied volatility of the QQQ Fund is below
35%, and the Index’s exposure to the Underlying Asset will be less than 100% when the implied volatility of the QQQ Fund is above
35%. In general, the Index’s target volatility feature is expected to result in the volatility of the Index being more stable over time than if
no target volatility feature were employed. No assurance can be provided that the volatility of the Index will be stable at any time. The
Index uses the implied volatility of the QQQ Fund as a proxy for the realized volatility of the Underlying Asset.
The Index tracks the performance of the QQQ Fund, with distributions, if any, notionally reinvested, less the daily deduction of a
notional financing cost. The notional financing cost is intended to approximate the cost of maintaining a position in the QQQ Fund
using borrowed funds at a rate of interest equal to SOFR plus a spread of 0.50% per annum. SOFR, the Secured Overnight Financing
Rate, is intended to be a broad measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by Treasury securities. The Index is an
“excess return” index and not a “total return” index because, as part of the calculation of the level of the Index, the performance of the
QQQ Fund is reduced by the notional financing cost. The notional financing cost has been deducted from the performance of the QQQ
Fund since the Amendment Effective Date.
The 6.0% per annum daily deduction and the notional financing cost will offset any appreciation of the Underlying Asset, will heighten
any depreciation of the Underlying Asset and will generally be a drag on the performance of the Index. The Index will trail the
performance of an identical index without such deductions.
Holding the estimated value of the notes and market conditions constant, the Contingent Interest Rate, the Interest Barrier, the Trigger
Value and the other economic terms available on the notes are more favorable to investors than the terms that would be available on a
hypothetical note issued by us linked to an identical index without a daily deduction. However, there can be no assurance that any
improvement in the terms of the notes derived from the daily deduction will offset the negative effect of the daily deduction on the
performance of the Index. The return on the notes may be lower than the return on a hypothetical note issued by us linked to an
identical index without a daily deduction.
The daily deduction and the volatility of the Index (as influenced by the Index’s target volatility feature) are two of the primary variables
that affect the economic terms of the notes. Additionally, the daily deduction and volatility of the Index are two of the inputs our
affiliates’ internal pricing models use to value the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes for purposes of
determining the estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement. The daily deduction will effectively
reduce the value of the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes”
and “Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes” in this pricing
supplement.
The Index is subject to risks associated with the use of significant leverage. The notional financing cost deducted daily will
be magnified by any leverage provided by the Index. In addition, the Index may be significantly uninvested on any given day,
and, in that case, will realize only a portion of any gains due to appreciation of the Underlying Asset on that day. The index
deduction is deducted daily at a rate of 6.0% per annum, even when the Index is not fully invested.
PS-3 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the MerQube US Tech+
Vol Advantage Index
No assurance can be given that the investment strategy used to construct the Index will achieve its intended results or that
the Index will be successful or will outperform any alternative index or strategy that might reference the Underlying Asset.
For additional information about the Index, see “The MerQube Vol Advantage Index Series” in the accompanying underlying
supplement.
PS-4 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the MerQube US Tech+
Vol Advantage Index
Supplemental Terms of the Notes
Any values of the Index, and any values derived therefrom, included in this pricing supplement may be corrected, in the event of
manifest error or inconsistency, by amendment of this pricing supplement and the corresponding terms of the notes. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary in the indenture governing the notes, that amendment will become effective without consent of the holders of
the notes or any other party.
How the Notes Work
Payments in Connection with Interest Review Dates Preceding the Final Review Date
The closing level of the Index is greater than or
equal to the Interest Barrier.
The closing level of the Index is less than the Interest
Barrier.
Interest Review Dates Preceding the Final Review Date That Are Not Autocall Review Dates
Compare the closing level of the Index to the Interest Barrier on each Interest Review Date that is not an Autocall Review Date until the final
Review Date or any earlier automatic call. Refer to the second diagram if an Interest Review Date is also an Autocall Review Date.
You will receive (a) a Contingent Interest Payment on the applicable
Interest Payment Date plus (b) any previously unpaid Contingent Interest
Payments for any prior Interest Review Dates.
Proceed to the next Interest Review Date.
No Contingent Interest Payment will be made with respect to
the applicable Interest Review Date.
Proceed to the next Interest Review Date.
The notes will be automatically called on the applicable Call Settlement Date and you will
receive (a) $1,000 plus (b) the Contingent Interest Payment applicable to that Interest Review
Date plus (c) any previously unpaid Contingent Interest Payments for any prior Interest Review
Dates.
No further payments will be made on the notes.
Interest Review Dates That Are Also Autocall Review Dates
Automatic Call
The closing level of the
Index is greater than or
equal to the Call Value.
The closing level of the
Index is less than the
Call Value.
Call
Value You will receive (a) a Contingent
Interest Payment on the applicable
Interest Payment Date plus (b) any
previously unpaid Contingent Interest
Payments for any prior Interest
Review Dates.
Proceed to the next Interest Review
Date.
The closing level of the
Index is greater than or
equal to the Interest
Barrier.
No
Automatic
Call No Contingent Interest Payment will
be made with respect to the applicable
Interest Review Date.
Proceed to the next Interest Review
Date.
The closing level of the Index
is less than the Interest
Barrier.
Compare the closing level of the Index to the Call Value and the Interest Barrier on each Interest Review Date that is also an
Autocall Review Date until any earlier automatic call.
PS-5 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the MerQube US Tech+
Vol Advantage Index
Payment at Maturity If the Notes Have Not Been Automatically Called
Autocall Review Dates
Preceding the Final Review
Date
You will receive (a) $1,000 plus (b) the
Contingent Interest Payment, if any,
applicable to the final Review Date
plus (c) if the Contingent Interest
Payment applicable to the final Review
Date is payable, any previously unpaid
Contingent Interest Payments for any
prior Interest Review Dates.
The notes are not
automatically called.
Proceed to maturity
Final Review Date Payment at Maturity
The Final Value is greater than or equal to the
Trigger Value.
You will receive:
$1,000 + ($1,000 ×Index Return)
Under these circumstances, you will
lose a significant portion or all of your
principal amount at maturity.
The Final Value is less than the Trigger Value.
PS-6 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the MerQube US Tech+
Vol Advantage Index
Total Contingent Interest Payments
The table below illustrates the hypothetical total Contingent Interest Payments per $1,000 principal amount note over the term of the
notes based on a hypothetical Contingent Interest Rate of 12.75% per annum, depending on how many Contingent Interest Payments
are made prior to automatic call or maturity. The actual Contingent Interest Rate will be provided in the pricing supplement and will be
at least 12.75% per annum (payable at a rate of at least 3.1875% per quarter).
Number of
Contingent Interest
Payments
Total Contingent
Interest Payments
20
$637.500
19
$605.625
18
$573.750
17
$541.875
16
$510.000
15
$478.125
14
$446.250
13
$414.375
12
$382.500
11
$350.625
10
$318.750
9
$286.875
8
$255.000
7
$223.125
6
$191.250
5
$159.375
4
$127.500
3
$95.625
2
$63.750
1
$31.875
0
$0.000
PS-7 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the MerQube US Tech+
Vol Advantage Index
Hypothetical Payout Examples
The following examples illustrate payments on the notes linked to a hypothetical Index, assuming a range of performances for the
hypothetical Index on the Interest Review Dates and the Autocall Review Dates. The hypothetical payments set forth below assume
the following:
• an Initial Value of 100.00;
• an Interest Barrier of 70.00 (equal to 70.00% of the hypothetical Initial Value);
• a Trigger Value of 50.00 (equal to 50.00% of the hypothetical Initial Value);
• a Call Value of 90.00 (equal to 90.00% of the hypothetical Initial Value); and
• a Contingent Interest Rate of 12.75% per annum.
The hypothetical Initial Value of 100.00 has been chosen for illustrative purposes only and may not represent a likely actual Initial
Value. The actual Initial Value will be the closing level of the Index on the Pricing Date and will be provided in the pricing supplement.
For historical data regarding the actual closing levels of the Index, please see the historical information set forth under “Hypothetical
Back-Tested Data and Historical Information” in this pricing supplement.
Each hypothetical payment set forth below is for illustrative purposes only and may not be the actual payment applicable to a purchaser
of the notes. The numbers appearing in the following examples have been rounded for ease of analysis.
Example 1 — Notes are automatically called on the first Autocall Review Date.
Date
Closing Level
Payment (per $1,000 principal amount note)
First Interest Review Date
105.00
$31.875
Second through Third Interest
Review Dates
Less than Interest Barrier
$0
Fourth Interest Review Date
(first Autocall Review Date)
110.00
$1,095.625
Total Payment
$1,127.50 (12.75% return)
Because the closing level of the Index on the first Autocall Review Date, which is also the fourth Interest Review Date, is greater than or
equal to the Call Value, the notes will be automatically called for a cash payment, for each $1,000 principal amount note, of $1,095.625
(or $1,000 plus the Contingent Interest Payment applicable to the fourth Interest Review Date plus the unpaid Contingent Interest
Payments for any prior Interest Review Dates), payable on the applicable Call Settlement Date. When added to the Contingent Interest
Payment received with respect to the prior Interest Review Dates, the total amount paid, for each $1,000 principal amount note, is
$1,127.50. No further payments will be made on the notes.
Example 2 — Notes have NOT been automatically called and the Final Value is greater than or equal to the Trigger Value and
the Interest Barrier.
Date
Closing Level
Payment (per $1,000 principal amount note)
First Interest Review Date
95.00
$31.875
Second Interest Review Date
85.00
$31.875
Third through Nineteenth
Interest Review Dates
Less than Interest Barrier
$0
Final Review Date
90.00
$1,573.75
Total Payment
$1,637.50 (63.75% return)
Because the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value is greater than or equal to the Trigger Value and the Interest
Barrier, the payment at maturity, for each $1,000 principal amount note, will be $1,573.75 (or $1,000 plus the Contingent Interest
Payment applicable to the final Review Date plus the unpaid Contingent Interest Payments for any prior Interest Review Dates). When
added to the Contingent Interest Payments received with respect to the prior Interest Review Dates, the total amount paid, for each
$1,000 principal amount note, is $1,637.50.
PS-8 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the MerQube US Tech+
Vol Advantage Index
Example 3 — Notes have NOT been automatically called and the Final Value is less than the Interest Barrier but is greater than
or equal to the Trigger Value.
Date
Closing Level
Payment (per $1,000 principal amount note)
First Interest Review Date
95.00
$31.875
Second Interest Review Date
80.00
$31.875
Third through Nineteenth
Interest Review Dates
Less than Interest Barrier
$0
Final Review Date
55.00
$1,000.00
Total Payment
$1,063.75 (6.375% return)
Because the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value is less than the Interest Barrier but is greater than or equal to
the Trigger Value, the payment at maturity, for each $1,000 principal amount note, will be $1,000.00. When added to the Contingent
Interest Payments received with respect to the prior Interest Review Dates, the total amount paid, for each $1,000 principal amount
note, is $1,063.75.
Example 4 — Notes have NOT been automatically called and the Final Value is less than the Trigger Value.
Date
Closing Level
Payment (per $1,000 principal amount note)
First Interest Review Date
40.00
$0
Second Interest Review Date
45.00
$0
Third through Nineteenth
Interest Review Dates
Less than Interest Barrier
$0
Final Review Date
40.00
$400.00
Total Payment
$400.00 (-60.00% return)
Because the notes have not been automatically called, the Final Value is less than the Trigger Value and the Index Return is -60.00%,
the payment at maturity will be $400.00 per $1,000 principal amount note, calculated as follows:
$1,000 + [$1,000 × (-60.00%)] = $400.00
The hypothetical returns and hypothetical payments on the notes shown above apply only if you hold the notes for their entire term
or until automatically called. These hypotheticals do not reflect the fees or expenses that would be associated with any sale in the
secondary market. If these fees and expenses were included, the hypothetical returns and hypothetical payments shown above would
likely be lower.
Selected Risk Considerations
An investment in the notes involves significant risks. These risks are explained in more detail in the “Risk Factors” sections of the
accompanying prospectus supplement, product supplement and underlying supplement and in Annex A to the accompanying
prospectus addendum.
Risks Relating to the Notes Generally
• YOUR INVESTMENT IN THE NOTES MAY RESULT IN A LOSS —
The notes do not guarantee any return of principal. If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value is less than
the Trigger Value, you will lose 1% of the principal amount of your notes for every 1% that the Final Value is less than the Initial
Value. Accordingly, under these circumstances, you will lose more than 50.00% of your principal amount at maturity and could
lose all of your principal amount at maturity.
• THE NOTES DO NOT GUARANTEE THE PAYMENT OF INTEREST AND MAY NOT PAY ANY INTEREST AT ALL —
If the notes have not been automatically called, we will make a Contingent Interest Payment with respect to an Interest Review
Date (and we will pay you any previously unpaid Contingent Interest Payments for any prior Interest Review Dates) only if the
closing level of the Index on that Interest Review Date is greater than or equal to the Interest Barrier. If the closing level of the
Index on that Interest Review Date is less than the Interest Barrier, no Contingent Interest Payment will be made with respect to
that Interest Review Date. You will not receive any unpaid Contingent Interest Payments if the closing level of the Index on each
subsequent Interest Review Date is less than the Interest Barrier. Accordingly, if the closing level of the Index on each Interest
Review Date is less than the Interest Barrier, you will not receive any interest payments over the term of the notes.
PS-9 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the MerQube US Tech+
Vol Advantage Index
• THE LEVEL OF THE INDEX WILL INCLUDE A 6.0% PER ANNUM DAILY DEDUCTION —
The Index is subject to a 6.0% per annum daily deduction. As a result, the level of the Index will trail the value of an identically
constituted synthetic portfolio that is not subject to any such deduction.
This deduction will place a significant drag on the performance of the Index, potentially offsetting positive returns on the Index’s
investment strategy, exacerbating negative returns of its investment strategy and causing the level of the Index to decline steadily if
the return of its investment strategy is relatively flat. The Index will not appreciate unless the return of its investment strategy is
sufficient to offset the negative effects of this deduction, and then only to the extent that the return of its investment strategy is
greater than this deduction. As a result of this deduction, the level of the Index may decline even if the return of its investment
strategy is otherwise positive.
The daily deduction is one of the inputs our affiliates’ internal pricing models use to value the derivative or derivatives underlying
the economic terms of the notes for purposes of determining the estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this pricing
supplement. The daily deduction will effectively reduce the value of the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of
the notes. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” and “— Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of
the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
• THE LEVEL OF THE INDEX WILL INCLUDE THE DEDUCTION OF A NOTIONAL FINANCING COST —
Since the Amendment Effective Date, the performance of the Underlying Asset has been subject to a notional financing cost
deducted daily. The notional financing cost is intended to approximate the cost of maintaining a position in the QQQ Fund using
borrowed funds at a rate of interest equal to the daily SOFR rate plus a fixed spread. The actual cost of maintaining a position in
the QQQ Fund at any time may be less than the notional financing cost. As a result of this deduction, the level of the Index will trail
the value of an identically constituted synthetic portfolio that is not subject to any such deduction.
• CREDIT RISKS OF JPMORGAN FINANCIAL AND JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. —
Investors are dependent on our and JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s ability to pay all amounts due on the notes. Any actual or potential
change in our or JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s creditworthiness or credit spreads, as determined by the market for taking that credit
risk, is likely to adversely affect the value of the notes. If we and JPMorgan Chase & Co. were to default on our payment
obligations, you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the notes and you could lose your entire investment.
• AS A FINANCE SUBSIDIARY, JPMORGAN FINANCIAL HAS NO INDEPENDENT OPERATIONS AND HAS LIMITED ASSETS
—
As a finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co., we have no independent operations beyond the issuance and administration of
our securities and the collection of intercompany obligations. Aside from the initial capital contribution from JPMorgan Chase &
Co., substantially all of our assets relate to obligations of JPMorgan Chase & Co. to make payments under loans made by us to
JPMorgan Chase & Co. or under other intercompany agreements. As a result, we are dependent upon payments from JPMorgan
Chase & Co. to meet our obligations under the notes. We are not a key operating subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and in a
bankruptcy or resolution of JPMorgan Chase & Co. we are not expected to have sufficient resources to meet our obligations in
respect of the notes as they come due. If JPMorgan Chase & Co. does not make payments to us and we are unable to make
payments on the notes, you may have to seek payment under the related guarantee by JPMorgan Chase & Co., and that
guarantee will rank pari passu with all other unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of JPMorgan Chase & Co. For more
information, see the accompanying prospectus addendum.
• THE APPRECIATION POTENTIAL OF THE NOTES IS LIMITED TO THE SUM OF ANY CONTINGENT INTEREST PAYMENTS
THAT MAY BE PAID OVER THE TERM OF THE NOTES,
regardless of any appreciation of the Index, which may be significant. You will not participate in any appreciation of the Index.
• THE BENEFIT PROVIDED BY THE TRIGGER VALUE MAY TERMINATE ON THE FINAL REVIEW DATE —
If the Final Value is less than the Trigger Value and the notes have not been automatically called, the benefit provided by the
Trigger Value will terminate and you will be fully exposed to any depreciation of the Index.
• THE AUTOMATIC CALL FEATURE MAY FORCE A POTENTIAL EARLY EXIT —
If your notes are automatically called, the term of the notes may be reduced to as short as approximately one year and you will not
receive any Contingent Interest Payments after the applicable Call Settlement Date. There is no guarantee that you would be able
to reinvest the proceeds from an investment in the notes at a comparable return and/or with a comparable interest rate for a similar
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Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the MerQube US Tech+
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level of risk. Even in cases where the notes are called before maturity, you are not entitled to any fees and commissions described
on the front cover of this pricing supplement.
• YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE DIVIDENDS ON THE QQQ FUND OR THE SECURITIES HELD BY THE QQQ FUND OR HAVE ANY
RIGHTS WITH RESPECT TO THE QQQ FUND OR THOSE SECURITIES.
• THE RISK OF THE CLOSING LEVEL OF THE INDEX FALLING BELOW THE INTEREST BARRIER OR THE TRIGGER VALUE
IS GREATER IF THE LEVEL OF THE INDEX IS VOLATILE.
• JPMS AND ITS AFFILIATES MAY HAVE PUBLISHED RESEARCH, EXPRESSED OPINIONS OR PROVIDED
RECOMMENDATIONS THAT ARE INCONSISTENT WITH INVESTING IN OR HOLDING THE NOTES, AND MAY DO SO IN
THE FUTURE —
Any research, opinions or recommendations could affect the market value of the notes. Investors should undertake their own
independent investigation of the merits of investing in the notes, the Index and the components of the Index.
• LACK OF LIQUIDITY —
The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. Accordingly, the price at which you may be able to trade your notes is
likely to depend on the price, if any, at which JPMS is willing to buy the notes. You may not be able to sell your notes. The notes
are not designed to be short-term trading instruments. Accordingly, you should be able and willing to hold your notes to maturity.
• THE FINAL TERMS AND VALUATION OF THE NOTES WILL BE PROVIDED IN THE PRICING SUPPLEMENT —
You should consider your potential investment in the notes based on the minimums for the estimated value of the notes and the
Contingent Interest Rate.
Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest
• POTENTIAL CONFLICTS —
We and our affiliates play a variety of roles in connection with the notes. In performing these duties, our and JPMorgan Chase &
Co.’s economic interests are potentially adverse to your interests as an investor in the notes. It is possible that hedging or trading
activities of ours or our affiliates in connection with the notes could result in substantial returns for us or our affiliates while the
value of the notes declines. Please refer to “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest” in the accompanying product
supplement.
An affiliate of ours currently has a 10% equity interest in the Index Sponsor, with a right to appoint an employee of JPMS, another
of our affiliates, as a member of the board of directors of the Index Sponsor. The Index Sponsor can implement policies, make
judgments or enact changes to the Index methodology that could negatively affect the performance of the Index. The Index
Sponsor can also alter, discontinue or suspend calculation or dissemination of the Index. Any of these actions could adversely
affect the value of the notes. The Index Sponsor has no obligation to consider your interests in calculating, maintaining or revising
the Index, and we, JPMS, our other affiliates and our respective employees are under no obligation to consider your interests as an
investor in the notes in connection with the role of our affiliate as an owner of an equity interest in the Index Sponsor or the role of
an employee of JPMS as a member of the board of directors of the Index Sponsor.
In addition, JPMS worked with the Index Sponsor in developing the guidelines and policies governing the composition and
calculation of the Index. Although judgments, policies and determinations concerning the Index were made by JPMS, JPMorgan
Chase & Co., as the parent company of JPMS, ultimately controls JPMS. The policies and judgments for which JPMS was
responsible could have an impact, positive or negative, on the level of the Index and the value of your notes. JPMS is under no
obligation to consider your interests as an investor in the notes in its role in developing the guidelines and policies governing the
Index or making judgments that may affect the level of the Index.
Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes
• THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES WILL BE LOWER THAN THE ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE (PRICE TO PUBLIC) OF
THE NOTES —
The estimated value of the notes is only an estimate determined by reference to several factors. The original issue price of the
notes will exceed the estimated value of the notes because costs associated with selling, structuring and hedging the notes are
included in the original issue price of the notes. These costs include the selling commissions, the projected profits, if any, that our
affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes and the estimated cost of hedging
our obligations under the notes. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
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Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the MerQube US Tech+
Vol Advantage Index
• THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES DOES NOT REPRESENT FUTURE VALUES OF THE NOTES AND MAY DIFFER
FROM OTHERS’ ESTIMATES —
See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
• THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES IS DERIVED BY REFERENCE TO AN INTERNAL FUNDING RATE —
The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied funding
rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference may
be based on, among other things, our and our affiliates’ view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance,
operational and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income
instruments of JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may
prove to be incorrect, and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an
internal funding rate and any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any
secondary market prices of the notes. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
• THE VALUE OF THE NOTES AS PUBLISHED BY JPMS (AND WHICH MAY BE REFLECTED ON CUSTOMER ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS) MAY BE HIGHER THAN THE THEN-CURRENT ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES FOR A LIMITED TIME
PERIOD —
We generally expect that some of the costs included in the original issue price of the notes will be partially paid back to you in
connection with any repurchases of your notes by JPMS in an amount that will decline to zero over an initial predetermined period.
See “Secondary Market Prices of the Notes” in this pricing supplement for additional information relating to this initial period.
Accordingly, the estimated value of your notes during this initial period may be lower than the value of the notes as published by
JPMS (and which may be shown on your customer account statements).
• SECONDARY MARKET PRICES OF THE NOTES WILL LIKELY BE LOWER THAN THE ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE OF THE
NOTES —
Any secondary market prices of the notes will likely be lower than the original issue price of the notes because, among other
things, secondary market prices take into account our internal secondary market funding rates for structured debt issuances and,
also, because secondary market prices may exclude selling commissions, projected hedging profits, if any, and estimated hedging
costs that are included in the original issue price of the notes. As a result, the price, if any, at which JPMS will be willing to buy the
notes from you in secondary market transactions, if at all, is likely to be lower than the original issue price. Any sale by you prior to
the Maturity Date could result in a substantial loss to you.
• SECONDARY MARKET PRICES OF THE NOTES WILL BE IMPACTED BY MANY ECONOMIC AND MARKET FACTORS —
The secondary market price of the notes during their term will be impacted by a number of economic and market factors, which
may either offset or magnify each other, aside from the selling commissions, projected hedging profits, if any, estimated hedging
costs and the level of the Index. Additionally, independent pricing vendors and/or third party broker-dealers may publish a price for
the notes, which may also be reflected on customer account statements. This price may be different (higher or lower) than the
price of the notes, if any, at which JPMS may be willing to purchase your notes in the secondary market. See “Risk Factors —
Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — Secondary market prices of the notes will be
impacted by many economic and market factors” in the accompanying product supplement.
Risks Relating to the Index
• THE INDEX SPONSOR MAY ADJUST THE INDEX IN A WAY THAT AFFECTS ITS LEVEL, AND THE INDEX SPONSOR HAS
NO OBLIGATION TO CONSIDER YOUR INTERESTS —
The Index Sponsor is responsible for maintaining the Index. The Index Sponsor can add, delete or substitute the components of
the Index or make other methodological changes that could affect the level of the Index. The Index Sponsor has no obligation to
consider your interests in calculating or revising the Index.
• THE INDEX MAY NOT BE SUCCESSFUL OR OUTPERFORM ANY ALTERNATIVE STRATEGY THAT MIGHT BE EMPLOYED
IN RESPECT OF THE UNDERLYING ASSET —
No assurance can be given that the investment strategy on which the Index is based will be successful or that the Index will
outperform any alternative strategy that might be employed with respect to the Underlying Asset.
• THE INDEX MAY NOT APPROXIMATE ITS TARGET VOLATILITY —
No assurance can be given that the Index will maintain an annualized realized volatility that approximates its target volatility of
35%. The Index’s target volatility is a level of implied volatility and therefore the actual realized volatility of the Index may be
PS-12 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the MerQube US Tech+
Vol Advantage Index
greater or less than the target volatility. On each weekly Index rebalance day, the Index’s exposure to the Underlying Asset is set
equal to (a) the 35% implied volatility target divided by (b) the one-week implied volatility of the QQQ Fund, subject to a maximum
exposure of 500%. The Index uses the implied volatility of the QQQ Fund as a proxy for the realized volatility of the Underlying
Asset. However, there is no guarantee that the methodology used by the Index to determine the implied volatility of the QQQ Fund
will be representative of the realized volatility of the QQQ Fund. The volatility of the Underlying Asset on any day may change
quickly and unexpectedly and realized volatility may differ significantly from implied volatility. In general, over time, the realized
volatility of the QQQ Fund has tended to be lower than its implied volatility; however, at any time that realized volatility may exceed
its implied volatility, particularly during periods of market volatility. Accordingly, the actual annualized realized volatility of the Index
may be greater than or less than the target volatility, which may adversely affect the level of the Index and the value of the notes.
• THE INDEX IS SUBJECT TO RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF SIGNIFICANT LEVERAGE —
On a weekly Index rebalance day, the Index will employ leverage to increase the exposure of the Index to the Underlying Asset if
the implied volatility of the QQQ Fund is below 35%, subject to a maximum exposure of 500%. Under normal market conditions in
the past, the QQQ Fund has tended to exhibit an implied volatility below 35%. Accordingly, the Index has generally employed
leverage in the past, except during periods of elevated volatility. When leverage is employed, any movements in the prices of the
Underlying Asset will result in greater changes in the level of the Index than if leverage were not used. In particular, the use of
leverage will magnify any negative performance of the Underlying Asset, which, in turn, would negatively affect the performance of
the Index. Because the Index’s leverage is adjusted only on a weekly basis, in situations where a significant increase in volatility is
accompanied by a significant decline in the price of the Underlying Asset, the level of the Index may decline significantly before the
following Index rebalance day when the Index’s exposure to the Underlying Asset would be reduced. In addition, the notional
financing cost deducted daily will be magnified by any leverage provided by the Index.
• THE INDEX MAY BE SIGNIFICANTLY UNINVESTED —
On a weekly Index rebalance day, the Index’s exposure to the Underlying Asset will be less than 100% when the implied volatility
of the QQQ Fund is above 35%. If the Index’s exposure to the Underlying Asset is less than 100%, the Index will not be fully
invested, and any uninvested portion will earn no return. The Index may be significantly uninvested on any given day, and will
realize only a portion of any gains due to appreciation of the Underlying Asset on any such day. The 6.0% per annum deduction is
deducted daily, even when the Index is not fully invested.
• AN INVESTMENT IN THE NOTES WILL BE SUBJECT TO RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH NON-U.S. SECURITIES —
Some of the equity securities held by the QQQ Fund are issued by non-U.S. companies. Investments in securities linked to the
value of such non-U.S. equity securities involve risks associated with the home countries of the issuers of those non-U.S. equity
securities. The prices of securities issued by non-U.S. companies may be affected by political, economic, financial and social
factors in the home countries of those issuers, or global regions, including changes in government, economic and fiscal policies
and currency exchange laws.
• THERE ARE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE QQQ FUND —
The QQQ Fund is subject to management risk, which is the risk that the investment strategies of the QQQ Fund’s investment
adviser, the implementation of which is subject to a number of constraints, may not produce the intended results. These
constraints could adversely affect the market price of the shares of the QQQ Fund and, consequently, the value of the notes.
• THE PERFORMANCE AND MARKET VALUE OF THE QQQ FUND, PARTICULARLY DURING PERIODS OF MARKET
VOLATILITY, MAY NOT CORRELATE WITH THE PERFORMANCE OF THE QQQ FUND’S UNDERLYING INDEX AS WELL AS
THE NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE —
The QQQ Fund does not fully replicate its underlying index and may hold securities different from those included in its underlying
index. In addition, the performance of the QQQ Fund will reflect additional transaction costs and fees that are not included in the
calculation of its underlying index. All of these factors may lead to a lack of correlation between the performance of the QQQ Fund
and its underlying index. In addition, corporate actions with respect to the equity securities underlying the QQQ Fund (such as
mergers and spin-offs) may impact the variance between the performances of the QQQ Fund and its underlying index. Finally,
because the shares of the QQQ Fund are traded on a securities exchange and are subject to market supply and investor demand,
the market value of one share of the QQQ Fund may differ from the net asset value per share of the QQQ Fund.
During periods of market volatility, securities underlying the QQQ Fund may be unavailable in the secondary market, market
participants may be unable to calculate accurately the net asset value per share of the QQQ Fund and the liquidity of the QQQ
Fund may be adversely affected. This kind of market volatility may also disrupt the ability of market participants to create and
redeem shares of the QQQ Fund. Further, market volatility may adversely affect, sometimes materially, the prices at which market
participants are willing to buy and sell shares of the QQQ Fund. As a result, under these circumstances, the market value of shares
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Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the MerQube US Tech+
Vol Advantage Index
of the QQQ Fund may vary substantially from the net asset value per share of the QQQ Fund. For all of the foregoing reasons, the
performance of the QQQ Fund may not correlate with the performance of its underlying index as well as the net asset value per
share of the QQQ Fund, which could materially and adversely affect the value of the notes in the secondary market and/or reduce
any payment on the notes.
• HYPOTHETICAL BACK-TESTED DATA RELATING TO THE INDEX DO NOT REPRESENT ACTUAL HISTORICAL DATA AND
ARE SUBJECT TO INHERENT LIMITATIONS, AND THE HISTORICAL AND HYPOTHETICAL BACK-TESTED
PERFORMANCE OF THE INDEX ARE NOT INDICATIONS OF ITS FUTURE PERFORMANCE —
The hypothetical back-tested performance of the Index set forth under “Hypothetical Back-Tested Data and Historical Information”
in this pricing supplement is purely theoretical and does not represent the actual historical performance of the Index and has not
been verified by an independent third party. Hypothetical back-tested performance measures have inherent limitations.
Hypothetical back-tested performance is derived by means of the retroactive application of a back-tested model that has been
designed with the benefit of hindsight. Alternative modelling techniques might produce significantly different results and may prove
to be more appropriate. Past performance, and especially hypothetical back-tested performance, is not indicative of future results.
This type of information has inherent limitations, and you should carefully consider these limitations before placing reliance on such
information.
In addition, the QQQ Fund replaced the Futures Contracts as the Underlying Asset on the Amendment Effective Date. No
assurance can be provided that the QQQ Fund is an appropriate substitute for the Futures Contracts. This replacement may
adversely affect the performance of the Index and the value of the notes, as the QQQ Fund, subject to a notional financing cost,
may perform worse, perhaps significantly worse, than the Futures Contracts. The Index lacks any operating history with the QQQ
Fund as the Underlying Asset prior to the Amendment Effective Date and may perform in unanticipated ways. Investors in the
notes should bear this difference in mind when evaluating the historical and hypothetical back-tested performance shown in this
pricing supplement.
• OTHER KEY RISK:
o THE INDEX WAS ESTABLISHED ON JUNE 22, 2021 AND MAY PERFORM IN UNANTICIPATED WAYS.
Please refer to the “Risk Factors” section of the accompanying underlying supplement for more details regarding the above-listed and
other risks.
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Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the MerQube US Tech+
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Hypothetical Back-Tested Data and Historical Information
The following graph sets forth the hypothetical back-tested performance of the Index based on the hypothetical back-tested weekly
closing levels of the Index from January 3, 2020 through June 18, 2021, and the historical performance of the Index based on the
weekly historical closing levels of the Index from June 25, 2021 through August 8, 2025. The Index was established on June 22, 2021,
as represented by the vertical line in the following graph. All data to the left of that vertical line reflect hypothetical back-tested
performance of the Index. All data to the right of that vertical line reflect actual historical performance of the Index. The closing level of
the Index on August 11, 2025 was 11,673.66. We obtained the closing levels above and below from the Bloomberg Professional®
service (“Bloomberg”), without independent verification.
The data for the hypothetical back-tested performance of the Index set forth in the following graph are purely theoretical and do not
represent the actual historical performance of the Index. See “Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Index —
Hypothetical Back-Tested Data Relating to the Index Do Not Represent Actual Historical Data and Are Subject to Inherent Limitations,
and the Historical and Hypothetical Back-Tested Performance of the Index Are Not Indications of Its Future Performance” above.
The hypothetical back-tested and historical closing levels of the Index should not be taken as an indication of future performance, and
no assurance can be given as to the closing level of the Index on the Pricing Date, any Interest Review Date or Autocall Review Date.
There can be no assurance that the performance of the Index will result in the return of any of your principal amount or the payment of
any interest.
The hypothetical back-tested closing levels of the Index have inherent limitations and have not been verified by an independent third
party. These hypothetical back-tested closing levels are determined by means of a retroactive application of a back-tested model
designed with the benefit of hindsight. Hypothetical back-tested results are neither an indicator nor a guarantee of future returns. No
representation is made that an investment in the notes will or is likely to achieve returns similar to those shown. Alternative modeling
techniques or assumptions would produce different hypothetical back-tested closing levels of the Index that might prove to be more
appropriate and that might differ significantly from the hypothetical back-tested closing levels of the Index set forth above.
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Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the MerQube US Tech+
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Tax Treatment
You should review carefully the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” in the accompanying product
supplement no. 4-I. In determining our reporting responsibilities we intend to treat (i) the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes as
prepaid forward contracts with associated contingent coupons and (ii) any Contingent Interest Payments as ordinary income, as
described in the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences — Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders — Notes
Treated as Prepaid Forward Contracts with Associated Contingent Coupons” in the accompanying product supplement. Based on the
advice of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, our special tax counsel, we believe that this is a reasonable treatment, but that there are other
reasonable treatments that the IRS or a court may adopt, in which case the timing and character of any income or loss on the notes
could be materially affected. In addition, in 2007 Treasury and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on the U.S. federal
income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar instruments. The notice focuses in particular on whether to require
investors in these instruments to accrue income over the term of their investment. It also asks for comments on a number of related
topics, including the character of income or loss with respect to these instruments and the relevance of factors such as the nature of the
underlying property to which the instruments are linked. While the notice requests comments on appropriate transition rules and
effective dates, any Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially affect the
tax consequences of an investment in the notes, possibly with retroactive effect. The discussions above and in the accompanying
product supplement do not address the consequences to taxpayers subject to special tax accounting rules under Section 451(b) of the
Code. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes,
including possible alternative treatments and the issues presented by the notice described above.
Non-U.S. Holders — Tax Considerations. The U.S. federal income tax treatment of Contingent Interest Payments is uncertain, and
although we believe it is reasonable to take a position that Contingent Interest Payments are not subject to U.S. withholding tax (at least
if an applicable Form W-8 is provided), it is expected that withholding agents will (and we, if we are the withholding agent, intend to)
withhold on any Contingent Interest Payment paid to a Non-U.S. Holder generally at a rate of 30% or at a reduced rate specified by an
applicable income tax treaty under an “other income” or similar provision. We will not be required to pay any additional amounts with
respect to amounts withheld. In order to claim an exemption from, or a reduction in, the 30% withholding tax, a Non-U.S. Holder of the
notes must comply with certification requirements to establish that it is not a U.S. person and is eligible for such an exemption or
reduction under an applicable tax treaty. If you are a Non-U.S. Holder, you should consult your tax adviser regarding the tax treatment
of the notes, including the possibility of obtaining a refund of any withholding tax and the certification requirement described above.
Section 871(m) of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 871(m)”) generally impose a 30% withholding
tax (unless an income tax treaty applies) on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain
financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. Section 871(m) provides certain exceptions to this
withholding regime, including for instruments linked to certain broad-based indices that meet requirements set forth in the applicable
Treasury regulations. Additionally, a recent IRS notice excludes from the scope of Section 871(m) instruments issued prior to January
1, 2027 that do not have a delta of one with respect to underlying securities that could pay U.S.-source dividends for U.S. federal
income tax purposes (each an “Underlying Security”). Based on certain determinations made by us, we expect that Section 871(m) will
not apply to the notes with regard to Non-U.S. Holders. Our determination is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with
this determination. Section 871(m) is complex and its application may depend on your particular circumstances, including whether you
enter into other transactions with respect to an Underlying Security. If necessary, further information regarding the potential application
of Section 871(m) will be provided in the pricing supplement for the notes. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the potential
application of Section 871(m) to the notes.
In the event of any withholding on the notes, we will not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts so withheld.
The Estimated Value of the Notes
The estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement is equal to the sum of the values of the following
hypothetical components: (1) a fixed-income debt component with the same maturity as the notes, valued using the internal funding
rate described below, and (2) the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes. The estimated value of the
notes does not represent a minimum price at which JPMS would be willing to buy your notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at
any time. The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied
funding rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference
may be based on, among other things, our and our affiliates’ view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance,
operational and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income
instruments of JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may prove
to be incorrect, and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an internal
funding rate and any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any secondary market
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Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the MerQube US Tech+
Vol Advantage Index
prices of the notes. For additional information, see “Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and
Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Derived by Reference to an Internal Funding Rate” in this
pricing supplement.
The value of the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes is derived from internal pricing models of our
affiliates. These models are dependent on inputs such as the traded market prices of comparable derivative instruments and on
various other inputs, some of which are market-observable, and which can include volatility, dividend rates, interest rates and other
factors, as well as assumptions about future market events and/or environments. Accordingly, the estimated value of the notes is
determined when the terms of the notes are set based on market conditions and other relevant factors and assumptions existing at that
time.
The estimated value of the notes does not represent future values of the notes and may differ from others’ estimates. Different pricing
models and assumptions could provide valuations for the notes that are greater than or less than the estimated value of the notes. In
addition, market conditions and other relevant factors in the future may change, and any assumptions may prove to be incorrect. On
future dates, the value of the notes could change significantly based on, among other things, changes in market conditions, our or
JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s creditworthiness, interest rate movements and other relevant factors, which may impact the price, if any, at
which JPMS would be willing to buy notes from you in secondary market transactions.
The estimated value of the notes will be lower than the original issue price of the notes because costs associated with selling,
structuring and hedging the notes are included in the original issue price of the notes. These costs include the selling commissions
paid to JPMS and other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, the projected profits, if any, that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming
risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes and the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes. Because
hedging our obligations entails risk and may be influenced by market forces beyond our control, this hedging may result in a profit that
is more or less than expected, or it may result in a loss. A portion of the profits, if any, realized in hedging our obligations under the
notes may be allowed to other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, and we or one or more of our affiliates will retain any remaining hedging
profits. See “Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The
Estimated Value of the Notes Will Be Lower Than the Original Issue Price (Price to Public) of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
Secondary Market Prices of the Notes
For information about factors that will impact any secondary market prices of the notes, see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the
Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — Secondary market prices of the notes will be impacted by many
economic and market factors” in the accompanying product supplement. In addition, we generally expect that some of the costs
included in the original issue price of the notes will be partially paid back to you in connection with any repurchases of your notes by
JPMS in an amount that will decline to zero over an initial predetermined period. These costs can include selling commissions,
projected hedging profits, if any, and, in some circumstances, estimated hedging costs and our internal secondary market funding rates
for structured debt issuances. This initial predetermined time period is intended to be the shorter of six months and one-half of the
stated term of the notes. The length of any such initial period reflects the structure of the notes, whether our affiliates expect to earn a
profit in connection with our hedging activities, the estimated costs of hedging the notes and when these costs are incurred, as
determined by our affiliates. See “Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices
of the Notes — The Value of the Notes as Published by JPMS (and Which May Be Reflected on Customer Account Statements) May
Be Higher Than the Then-Current Estimated Value of the Notes for a Limited Time Period” in this pricing supplement.
Supplemental Use of Proceeds
The notes are offered to meet investor demand for products that reflect the risk-return profile and market exposure provided by the
notes. See “How the Notes Work” and “Hypothetical Payout Examples” in this pricing supplement for an illustration of the risk-return
profile of the notes and “The MerQube US Tech+ Vol Advantage Index” in this pricing supplement for a description of the market
exposure provided by the notes.
The original issue price of the notes is equal to the estimated value of the notes plus the selling commissions paid to JPMS and other
affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, plus (minus) the projected profits (losses) that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent
in hedging our obligations under the notes, plus the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes.
Additional Terms Specific to the Notes
You may revoke your offer to purchase the notes at any time prior to the time at which we accept such offer by notifying the applicable
agent. We reserve the right to change the terms of, or reject any offer to purchase, the notes prior to their issuance. In the event of any
changes to the terms of the notes, we will notify you and you will be asked to accept such changes in connection with your purchase.
You may also choose to reject such changes, in which case we may reject your offer to purchase.
PS-17 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the MerQube US Tech+
Vol Advantage Index
You should read this pricing supplement together with the accompanying prospectus, as supplemented by the accompanying
prospectus supplement relating to our Series A medium-term notes of which these notes are a part, the accompanying prospectus
addendum and the more detailed information contained in the accompanying product supplement and the accompanying underlying
supplement. This pricing supplement, together with the documents listed below, contains the terms of the notes and supersedes all
other prior or contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials including preliminary or indicative pricing terms,
correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, fact sheets, brochures or other educational materials of
ours. You should carefully consider, among other things, the matters set forth in the “Risk Factors” sections of the accompanying
prospectus supplement, the accompanying product supplement and the accompanying underlying supplement and in Annex A to the
accompanying prospectus addendum, as the notes involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. We urge you to
consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the notes.
You may access these documents on the SEC website at www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our
filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):
• Product supplement no. 4-I dated April 13, 2023:
• Underlying supplement no. 5-III dated March 5, 2025:
• Prospectus supplement and prospectus, each dated April 13, 2023:
• Prospectus addendum dated June 3, 2024:
Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website is 1665650, and JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s CIK is 19617. As used in this pricing
supplement, “we,” “us” and “our” refer to JPMorgan Financial.